Day 5 June 25 Flashcards
(65 cards)
Treatment of cornybacterium diptheria
Diptheria antitoxin - IMPORTANT -preformed neutralizing antibodies that inactivate the circulating toxin
Antibiotics (penicillin, erythromycin)
MOA of diptheria toxin
Inhibits host protein synthesis (ADP-ribosylation of EF-2)-> local and systemic effects
what are potential systemic effects of the diptheria toxin?
life threatening cardiac (myocarditis) and neurological complication
Melanocyte origin
neural crest
Lung findings of asbestosis
Fibrosis and honeycombing, asbestos bodies (brown, beaded rods) and ferruginous bodies, pleural plaques are common
lung findings of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
noncaseating granulomas, peribronchalar fibrosis and patchy lymphocytic infiltrates
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia lung findings
patchy fibrosis, fibroplastic plugs in the alveolar sacs and ducts, and a characteristic butterfly pattern
lung findings of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
patchy interstitial fibrosis
honeycomb pattern
Fibrosis prominently in the subpleural and perilobular regions
increasing collagen over time
Signs of chronic inflammation (lymphocytes?)
what is the gram stain of bortedella pertusis?
Gram negative coccobacillus
Retinitis pigmentosa pathophys
- genetic disease characterized by retinil dystrophy
- progressive dystrophy of the pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors
- early disease primarily effects rods, but advanced disease will result in degeneration of cones as well
Presentation of retinitis pigmentosa
Early disease results in loss of rods leading to night blindness and peripheral vision loss. Later disease will progress to loss of cones resulting in decreased central vision acuity
Fundoscopic findings of retinitis pigmentosa?
- retinal vessel attenuation
- optic disc pallor
- pigment accumulation (in a bone spicule pattern around vessels)
how does retinoblastoma present?
Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex), strabismus and a creamy white mass on fundoscopy
what causes acute rejection of organ transplant?
Mediated by T cells which react to the graft MHC antigens
in what time frame does acute rejection of organ transplant occur?
1-4 weeks
what will be different about a person with lactose intolerances stool?
It will have a lower pH -acidified stool
what will be different about a person with lactose intolerances breath?
it will have increased hydrogen content
which hormone is produced by duodenal cells in response to increased H concentrations?
Secretin - which stimulates Bicarb from the pancreas
what type of diuretic is spironalactone?
K sparing
how does estrogen effect osteoblasts?
increases their production of OPG, a decoy receptor that binds RANK-L which thus decreases its binding with RANK on osteoclasts decreasing bone resorption
Denosumab clinical use?
osteoporosis
Denosumab MOA?
monoclonal antibody that acts similarly to OPG
It binds the RANKL as a decoy and prevents binding with RANK on osteoclasts, thus decreasing osteoclast activity
what is the most common cause of bloody or serousanguineous (blood tinged) nipple discharge?
intraductal papilloma
A temporal lobe abscess from a prior bacterial infection may have gotten to the brain through what?
mastoid air cells
