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Test reviews DEDICATED > thurs aug 14 > Flashcards

thurs aug 14 Flashcards

1
Q

what is somatic symptom disorder?

A

excessive anxiety and preoccupation with at least one unexplained symptom

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2
Q

presentation of beri beri?

A

Peripheral neuropathy of distal extremities with both sensory and motor deficits. If ‘wet beri beri’ there is also cardiac involvement such as high output congestive heart failure

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3
Q

what is phenelyzine?

A

MAOI

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4
Q

MAO inhibitors are particually useful for…

A

atypical depression

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of atypical depression?

A

MDD along with mood reactivity, leaden paralysis, rejection sensitivity, increased sleep and appetite

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6
Q

what is meant by mood reactivity in atypical depression?

A

mood improves in response to positive events

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7
Q

what pressures are seen in the right atrium?

A

0-5

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8
Q

what pressures are seen in the right ventricle?

A

systolic 25, diastolic 0-5

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9
Q

what pressures are seen in the pulmonary artery?

A

systolic 25, diastolic 10

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10
Q

what pressures are seen in the left atrium?

A

8-10

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11
Q

what pressures are seen in the left ventricle?

A

120 systolic, 0-8 diastolic

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12
Q

what is defective in ehlers danlos syndrome?

A

collagen synthesis

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13
Q

what is hemoglobin A2?

A

alpha 2 delta 2

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14
Q

do iron supplements help patients with thalasemmias?

A

no

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15
Q

is DNA replication in patients with beta thalasemia normal?

A

yes - it is not until the dna is transcribed into mRNA that hemoglobin production becomes abnormal

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16
Q

pathogenesis of beta thalasemia mutations?

A

the DNA mutations lead to problems with transcription, processing and translation of beta globin mRNA. Most commonly the mtuations cause abberant splicing or premature termination during translation

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17
Q

what is the most common pathogen causing septic abortion?

A

staph aureus

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18
Q

do patients with bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginallis) present with fever and uterine tenderness?

A

NO - just smelly discharge

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19
Q

does the discharge in septic abortion smell?

A

yes

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20
Q

name two examples of LOW potency first gen antipsychotics?

A

chlorpromazine, thioridazine

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21
Q

name two examples of HIGH potency first gen antipsychotics?

A

haloperidol

fluphenazine

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22
Q

what type of antipsychotic is fluphenazine?

A

first generation, high potency

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23
Q

side effects of first gen low potency antipsychotics?

A

sedation (antihistamine)

  • anticholinergic side effects
  • orthostatic hypotension (alpha 1 blockage)
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24
Q

first gen high potency antiphsychotics have increased risk for what side effects?

A

extrapyramindal side effects such as rigidity, akathisia, parkinsoniasm, acute dystonia

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25
Q

what is pthirus pubis?

A

pubic louse

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26
Q

treatment of pthirus pubis (pubic lice)?

A

topical permethrin

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27
Q

pyridoxine deficiency affects which step of heme synthesis?

A

ALAS - B6 is needed for this step

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28
Q

treatment of campylobacter jejuni?

A

self limited

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29
Q

where does the middle meningeal artery branch from?

A

the maxillary artery and enters the skull through foramen spinosum

30
Q

where does the opthalmic artery come from?

A

the internal carotid artery

31
Q

how can you treat symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?

A

ocreotide

32
Q

ocreotide MOA

A

analog of somatostatin with longer half life. Acts on somatostatin receptors and inhibits hormone secretion

33
Q

most common cause of parotitis?

A

S aureus

34
Q

how do patients with polyarteritis nodosa usually present?

A

weeks to months of nonspecific constitutional symptoms (weight loss, fatigue, etc.) and signs of tissue ischemia in kidneys, GI tract, peripheral nerves and or skin.

35
Q

does polyarteritis nodosa have ANCA or ANA?

A

no

36
Q

what does polyarteritis nodosa associated with?

A

hepatitis B and C

37
Q

what should be monitored in patients on azoles?

A

LFTs

38
Q

MOA of patiromer?

A

exchanges calcium for potassium in the intestines, leading to fecal excretion of potassium

39
Q

use of patiromer?

A

chronic hyperkalemia (not acute since it takes a few hours to act)

40
Q

ethosuximade MOA

A

blocks thalamic T type Ca channels

41
Q

opioid receptors are which type of receptor?

A

g protein

42
Q

which two locations do opioids act?

A

presynaptic neuron AND postsynaptic

43
Q

opioids MOA?

A

On the presynaptic neuron they inhibit calcium influx (thus decreasing secretion of NTs)
On the postsynaptic neuron they increase K eflux, leading to hyperpolarization

44
Q

a stroke of the lenticulostriate artery will present with?

A

pure motor symptoms (contralateral paralysis)

45
Q

which areas do the lenticulostriate arteries supply?

A

striatum and internal capsule (stroke here is purely motor)

46
Q

which part of the brainstem does the ASA supply?

A

medial medulla

47
Q

presentatin of ASA stroke? (medial medullary syndrome)

A
  • contralateral paralysis (loss of lateral corticospinal tracts)
  • contralateral loss of proprioception (due to loss of medial lemniscus)
  • ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (CNXII)
48
Q

where does the PICA supply?

A

the lateral medulla

49
Q

what cranial nerves are found in the lateral medulla?

A

9,10,11

50
Q

where does the AICA supply?

A

the lateral pons

51
Q

which cranial nerves are found in the lateral pons?

A

5,7,8

52
Q

which artery supplies the medial pons?

A

basilar

53
Q

stroke of the basilar artery results in…

A

locked in syndrome

54
Q

diffuse axonal injury MRI will show multiple lesions affecting where?

A

white matter tracts

55
Q

what are charcot-bouchard microaneurysms associated with?

A

chronic hypertension

56
Q

histological findings of parkinsons disease?

A

intracellular eosinophilic inclusions of alpha synuclein (lewy bodies)

57
Q

NT changes in huntingtons disease?

A

decreased GABA, decreased Ach, increased dopamine

58
Q

gross findings in huntingtons disease?

A

atrophy of the caudate and putamen with ex vacuo ventriculomegaly

59
Q

gross findings of parkinsons disease?

A

depigmentation of substantia nigra pars compacta

60
Q

histologic findings of alzheimers disease?

A

beta amyloid and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles)

61
Q

gross findings of alzheimers disease?

A

widespread cortical atrophy

-narrowing of gyri and widening of sulci

62
Q

which two neurodegenerative disorders have alpha synuclein inclusions?

A

parkinsons and lew body dementia

63
Q

presentation of frontotemporal dementia?

A

dementia with early changes in personality and behaviour or aphasia. may have movement disorders as well

64
Q

what is lewy body dementia?

A

visual hallucinations, fluctuating dementia, REM sleep disorder and parkinsonism

65
Q

presentation of lead toxicity in a childhood?

A

Developmental delay or language regression, and anemia

66
Q

which enzymes does lead inhibit?

A

ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

67
Q

which antidepressant is associated with priapism?

A

trazadone

68
Q

what is zolpidem?

A

nonbenzo hypnotic

69
Q

name two substances important for angiogenesis?

A

VEGF

FGF

70
Q

does EGF (epidermal growth factor) play an important role in angiogenesis?

A

no

71
Q

FF =

A

GFR / RPF

72
Q

what is hydrocephalus ex vacuo?

A

enlargement of the ventricles due to cortical volume loss

Test reviews DEDICATED (70 decks)

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