sat aug 15 Flashcards
does digoxin improve survival rates?
no
what changes may be seen in the coronary sinus in someone with pulmonary hypertension?
it may be dilated due to elevated right sided heart pressures
which part of the prostate gland with treatment with finasteride have the greatest effect on?
the epithelial components - will reduce their size
what is finasteride?
5 alpha reductase inhibitor
which enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway requires thiamine?
transketolase
in which patietns does Hep E have the worst effects in?
pregnant women - leads to high mortality
what type of virus is hep E?
naked ss RNA virus
what type of vaccine is the influenza vaccine?
inactivated
lab findings of contrast induced kidney injury?
- extensive necrosis of PCT cells
- muddy brown casts in urine
how long after contrast injection does someone with contrast induced kidney injury present?
24-48 hours later there will be an increase in creatinine and BUN
where is dopamine produced?
midbrain - in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra
where is norepinephrine produced?
posterior rostral pons - locus cereulus
AchE inhibitors may precipitate which cardiac events in the elderly?
bradycardia and AV block due to the increased PNS activity
what does ADP bind to on platelets?
P2-Y12 - causing aggregation
TXA2 function?
vasoconstriction
what makes TXA2?
the COX1 pathway
aspirin MOA
irreversibly acetylates COX1 and COX2
clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel MOA?
nhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet P2Y12 receptor - therefore inhibiting platellet aggregation
ticlodipine MOA
ADP inhibitor
A/E of ticlodipine?
neutropenia/granulocytopenia - obtain FBC before starting therapy
abciximab MOA?
monoclonal antibody that blocks GPIIb/IIIa binding with fibrinogen
dipyridamole, cilostazol MOA?
block PDE leading to increased camp -> blocks platelet function
in addition to blocking platelet function, what other effect does cilostazol have?
arteriolar vasodilation - may cause coronary steal
diclofenac and ketorolac MOA?
reversibly inhibit COX1 and COX2
celecoxib MOA
selective COX2 inhibitor
celecoxib a/e?
sulfa drug
acetominophen MOA?
selective COX2 inhibitor
aloprostadil MOA
PGE1 - causes vasodilation
aloprostadil uses?
- erectile dysfunction
- maintaining PDA
misoprostal MOA
PGE1- promotes protective mucus secretion in GI
dinoprosterone MOA
PGE2 - promotes uterine contractions and ripens cervix
MOA of iloprost and epoprostanol?
prostaclycin analogs - used for pulmonary hypertension
bosentan MOA?
endothelin inhibitor
what is the name of the dormant form of malaria in p vivax and ovale?
hypnozites
when is chloroquine used for malaria treatment?
for areas with low resistance
when is mefloquine used for malaria treatment?
areas with high resistance (carribean)
when is atovaquone/proguanil used for malaria treatment?
areas with high resistance (carribean)
why is primaquine used in malaria treatment?
kills dormant hypnozites of p vivax and ovale
when is intravenous quinidine or artesunate used for malaria?
-serious infections/life threatening cases
name oxidant triggers in G6PD deficiency?
primaquine dapsone sulfa drugs infections fava bean ingestion
