Tues Jul 28 Flashcards
how will the phosphate levels of someone with fanconi syndrome be effected?
they will be decreased - vit D resistance hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia
how is the brain effected in reye sydnrome?
cerebral edema
what is defective in osteogenesis imperfecta type I?
mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes-> lack of collagen
does friederachs ataxia have hammer toe and pes cavus?
it can
pathophys of friederachs ataxia?
mutation on FXN on chromosome 9 -> frataxin ->degeneration of nerve tissue and spinal cord -> ataxia
what heart problem do patients with friederachs ataxia commonly have?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
what does factor XII (hagemen factor) activate other than factor XI?
it converts prekallikrein to kallikrein
does charcot marie tooth disease have hammer toe and pes cavus?
yes
what causes charcot marie tooth disease?
mutations that effect nerve myelination - intact but abnormal
what does kallikrein do?
activates HMWK to bradykinin
equation for flow rate
flow rate = velocity x area
what percent is isotonic saline?
0.9%
enfuvirtide MOA?
binds gp41 and blocks HIV capsule fusion
moa of fish oil
increase catabolism of LDL-cholesterol —decrease VLDL and apo B
what is the reflex arc that allows an erection to form by touch?
Pudendal nerve provides somatic information (touch) to the spinal cord, and efferent sacral parasympathetic nerves (pelvic splanchnic) lead to the erection
what is deficient in mcardle disease?
mucsle glycogen phosphorylase
what travels through foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal artery
what travels through foramen rotundom?
V2 (cranial nerve 5, branch 2)
what travels through foramen ovale?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
what is the function of teres minor and infraspinatous?
external rotation
where do teres minor and infraspinatous attach?
posterior humerus
pathophys of inhalation injury
- soot impairs cilia
- phagolysosome disruption -> decreased activity of macrophages
- increased mucous secretion
which type of bacteria have an outer membrane?
gram -
which type of bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer?
gram +
which type of bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer?
gram -
function of COPII
moves proteins from RER to golgi
function of COPI
moves proteins from golgi to RER
what is the most common pathology of Cystic fibrosis?
mutation in protein leads to misfolding - doesnt go to membrane -STRUCTURE defect not transport defect
formula for correcting hematocrit
Corrected = (patients % ret count) x (patients hematocrit/45)
which marker is present in wegeners?
c-ANCA (same as PR3-anca - antibodies against proteinase 3)
how will the ratio of LH:FSH be in someone with PCOS?
Increased LH:FSH
-LH stimulates theca cells to produce androgen, but granulosa cells dont keep up due to less FSH, in converting androgens to estrogen
clomipheme MOA
antagnoizes estrogen receptors in hypothalamus, leading to decreased neg feedback - > improved FSH and LH, stimulating ovulation
what is the earliest age that puberty begins?
female - 8
male- 9
