Aug 4 NBME Flashcards
left hemithorax =
left side of the thorax
what are the two types of leprosy?
- Lepromatous
- Tuberculoid
what type of t cell response occurs in lepromatous leprosy?
Th2
what kind of t cell response occurs in tuberculoid leprosy?
Th1
what is amyloid made of?
misfolded aggregates of beta-pleated sheets
helix-loop-helix is an example of..
a dna binding motif
what is the first pubertal change in females?
breast bud development (shortly followed by pubic hair)
what is the first pubertal change in males?
testicular enlargement
how does the protein E6 work?
hijacks the cell ubiquitin system and targets p53 for destruction
is staph epidiermidis catalase + or -?
catalase +
is enterococcus catalase + or -?
catalase -
what type of drug is alendronate?
bisphosphonate
what is the suffix of bisphonsphonateS?
‘dronate’
bisphosphonates have a chemical structure similar to….
pyrophosphate
how does fibrosis effect traction in the lungs?
Fibrosis pulls the airways open, increasing radial traction and decreasing resistance to flow
cyclophosphamide MOA
Alkylating agent - cross links DNA
what is defective in familial type II hypercholesterinemia?
defect in liver LDL receptors
Cholesterol deposits on he achiles tendons are indicative of…
familial type II hypercholesterinemia
if someone has intranuclear opthalmoplegia, where is the lesion?
ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus
ipsilateral to the eye that cannot adduct
how does estrogen effect endogenous cholesterol production?
increases it - may increase risk for gallstones
which nerve supplies sensation to the lower teeth?
inferior alveolar nerve
inferior alveolar nerve becomes the…
mental nerve
A patient has hemiballismus on the right. Where is the brain lesion?
Left (contralateral) subthalamic nucleus
which clotting factor has the shortest half life?
VII
4Ds of pellegra?
photosensitive dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death.
when does the neural tube develop?
weeks 3 to 8
Although gluconeogenesis primarily is performed in the liver, which other organs can perform it as well?
intestine
kidneys
dantrolene MOA
blocks SR release of calcium by binding ryr
innervation to the uvula?
CN X
what is fibromuscular dysplasia?
a disease that causes medium sized arteries to have a beads on a string appearance - commonly in renal arteries
mallory bodies are seen in which condition?
alcoholic hepatitis
what are malory bodies
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions of damaged keratin filaments
Odss ratio formula?
(a/d) / (b/c)
