Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Test reviews DEDICATED > Day 7 June 27 > Flashcards

Day 7 June 27 Flashcards

1
Q

How do osteocytes in concentric lamella of bone communicate?

A

via GAP junctions (which go through the canaliculi in the bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inheritance of PKU ?

A

autosomal recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which enzyme is deficient in PKU?

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain eosinophils role against parasites?

A

When a parasite is in the body, IgA and igG antibodies bind to it’s surface. Eosinophils bind to the Fc portion and secrete major basic protein and ROS to destroy the parasite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cytokine attracts eosinophils?

A

IL-5 produced by Th2 mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TAP. protiens =

A

transporter associated with antigen processing proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain the role of TAP proteins

A

When a cell degrades pathogen proteins in the proteosome, some of the remaining fragments are transported to the ER by TAP proteins, and loaded onto MHC I molecules, which are then transported to the surface of the cell to activate cytotoxic t cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do TAP mutations present?

A

frequent respiratory infections, ulcerative and granulomatous skin lesions
NORMAL levels of B cells, t cells, and immunoglobulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

inheritance of lesch nehan?

A

X linked recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why do anovulatory cycles occur in PCOS?

A

excess androgens prevent development of a monthly follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

menstrual abnormalities in PCOS lead to a decrease in what hormone?

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chronic consequences of decreased progesterone?

A

Progesterone normally has inhibitory effects on endometrial growth and counters estrogen-driven growth. Decreased progesterone means people with PCOS are at increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes PCOS ?

A

increased activity of 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17-20-lyase, and 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ->increased androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The alpha unit of hCG is structurally similar to…

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is menotropin?

A

Human menopausal gonadotropin - therapy that mimics FSH to develop a follicle (you can then follow this by giving hCG to mimic an LH surge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which enzyme is inhibited by PTU and methimazole?

A

thyroid peroxidase

17
Q

in addition to inhibiting thyroid peroxidase, PTU also…

A

inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

18
Q

how long must separation anxiety last for to be classified as separation anxiety disroder, in 1. children, and 2. adults?

A

Children - 4 weeks

Adults - 6 months

19
Q

the superficial inguinal ring is a physiological opening in…

A

the external oblique aponeurosis

20
Q

where does the cremasteric muscle arise from?

A

the internal oblique muscle

21
Q

where does the external spermatic fascia arise from?

A

external oblique

22
Q

where does the internal spermati fascia arise from?

A

transversalis fascia

23
Q

which receptor does the rabies virus act on?

A

acetylcholine nicotinic receptor

24
Q

which receptor does CMV act on?

A

cellular integrins - replicates in endothelial cells

25
Q

which receptor does EBV act on?

A

CR2 (aka CD21) (found on B lymphocytes)

26
Q

presentation of rabies infection

A

Initial flu like prodrome, with parasthesias radiating from the bite site.
Days to weeks later the virus moves retrograde to the CNS and causes encephalitis, which presents with painful pharyngeal spasms, mental status change, muscular rigidity and autonomic dysfunction

27
Q

how does UVA effect the skin?

A

penetrates deeper skin and causes ROS

  • effects transcription factors, leading to increased collagenases that degrade collagen and elastin
  • and leads to decreased collagen fibril production
28
Q

when do black pigmented gallstones occur?

A

when there is chronic hemolysis -increased unconjugated bilirubin

29
Q

what causes brown pigmented gallstones?

A

biliary tract infections

30
Q

name two osmotic laxatives

A

magnesium citrate, polyethylene glycol

31
Q

treatment for HSV encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir

32
Q

first generation antihistamines and other anticholinergic drugs should be avoided in…

A

elder patients due to increased risk of confusion, hallucination , dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, etc.

33
Q

what is diphenhydramine?

A

a first gen antihistamine

34
Q

pathophys of neuronal injury in diabetes mellitus

A
  • non enzymatic glycosylation of tissue proteins leads to hyalinization of endoneurial arterioles -> narrowed lumen and ischemic nerve damage
  • intracellular hyperglycemia leads to increased metabolism of glucose into sorbital in peripheral nerves which promotes oxidative stress

Test reviews DEDICATED (70 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions