SYMBOLISM Flashcards
DOVE
A holy messenger.
A symbol of pure innocence.
In the ancient world, homing pigeons were equivalent to a modern mail man, email or cell phone. They were the message carriers.
The dove was the symbol of the most holy and gentle of messages, “the offer of peace”.
SERPENT (Crafty Wisdom)
Abuse of the power of knowledge.
Use inside knowledge as an advantage to manipulate others for selfish gain.
GUILE (Entrapment)
Using the Serpents crafty guile and salacious desires to entrap him.
To paint himself into a corner.
To take the bait.
VIRTUE / VICE - (Funnel)
Using a methodology that reveals a person’s concealed character.
It presumes perfidy.
It assumes people will behave in a way that presents to the observer what they want to see and hear, to achieve an advantage and acquire their trust, the first act in a confidence scam.
It presumes people are chameleons, who will change their appearance to suit the need of the observer, to gain their confidence.
INITIATE TESTING (Temptation)
Putting the neophyte through a series of tests, putting them under pressure, to reveal their true character.
Johannine Comma
7
For there are three that beare record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.
8
And there are three that beare witnesse in earth, the Spirit, and the Water, and the Blood, and these three agree in one.
— King James Version (1611)
— King James Version (1611)
7Quoniam tres sunt, qui testimonium dant in cælo: Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus Sanctus: et hi tres unum sunt. 8Et tres sunt, qui testimonium dant in terra: spiritus, et aqua, et sanguis: et hi tres unum sunt.
— Sixto-Clementine Vulgate (1592: not present in manuscripts of the Latin Vulgate before the 9th century)
Erasmus first added the Greek version of the text to his Nouum instrumentum omne in 1522; the first two editions lack the phrase.
7οτι τρεις εισιν οι μαρτυρουντες εν τω ουρανω ο πατηρ ο λογος και το αγιον πνευμα και ουτοι οι τρεις εν εισιν 8και τρεις εισιν οι μαρτυρουντες εν τη γη το πνευμα και το υδωρ και το αιμα και οι τρεις εις το εν εισιν.
— Nouum instrumentum omne (1522: absent in earlier editions)
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Clement of Alexandria
Edit
The comma is absent from an extant fragment of Clement of Alexandria (c. 200), through Cassiodorus (6th century), with homily style verse references from 1 John, including verse 1 John 5:6 and 1 John 5:8 without verse 7, the heavenly witnesses.
He says, “This is He who came by water and blood”; and again, - For there are three that bear witness, the spirit, which is life, and the water, which is regeneration and faith, and the blood, which is knowledge; “and these three are one. For in the Saviour are those saving virtues, and life itself exists in His own Son.”
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Many subsequent early printed editions of the Bible include it, including the Coverdale Bible (1535) and the King James Bible revised from it (1611); the Geneva Bible (1560); and the Douay–Rheims Bible (1610). It was not always included in the first printed Latin editions of the Bible, but the editors of the Sixto-Clementine Vulgate (1592) chose to print it along with a number of other spurious passages.
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Novum Instrumentum omne
Novum Instrumentum omne was the first published New Testament in Greek (1516). It was prepared by Desiderius Erasmus (1469–1536) and printed by Johann Froben (1460–1527) of Basel. Although the first printed Greek New Testament was the Complutensian Polyglot (1514), it was the second to be published (1522). Erasmus used several Greek manuscripts housed in Basel, but some verses in Revelation he translated from the Latin Vulgate.
Five editions of Novum Instrumentum omne were published, though its title was changed to Novum Testamentum omne with the second edition, and the name continued. Erasmus issued editions in 1516, 1519, 1522, 1527, and 1536. Notable amongst these are the second edition (1519), used by Martin Luther for his translation of the New Testament into German, the so-called “September Testament,” and the third edition (1522), which was used by Tyndale for the first English New Testament (1526) and later by translators of the Geneva Bible and the King James Version. With the third edition, the Comma Johanneum was included. The Erasmian edition was the basis for the majority of modern translations of the New Testament in the 16–19th centuries.
Θεός ὁ υἱός
GOD THE SON
God the Son (Greek: Θεός ὁ υἱός, Latin: Deus Filius) is the second person of the Trinity in Christian theology[1]. The doctrine of the Trinity identifies Jesus as the incarnation of God, united in essence (consubstantial) but distinct in person with regard to God the Father and God the Holy Spirit (the first and third persons of the Trinity).
A
THE SON OF GODS
ο θεραπευτής
Essenes
Ἐσσηνοί
Ἐσσαῖοι
Ὀσσαῖοι
THE TEACHER OF RIGHTEOUSNESS
Philo Judaeus (Platonic philosopher, c.20 BC-50 AD) wrote not only of the Essenes, but also of their closely related order in Egypt – the Therapeutae.
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DEFINITION OF “ESSENE”
One who is a member of an ancient Jewish ascetic sect of the 2nd century bc –2nd century ad in Palestine, who lived in highly organized groups and held property in common. The Essenes are widely regarded as the authors of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
In the first century BCE, the Jewish sect called the Essenes finally finished transforming Satan into the devil we’re familiar with today.
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Dead Sea Scrolls
Of most interest have been the “sectarian books”, those that tell of the life and beliefs of the scroll writers.
Three words are always used to describe them: eschatological, apocalyptic, and messianic. Each has to do with the “final days”, the end of the present world order and the establishment of God’s kingdom on earth.
The writers call themselves the Sons of Zadok (a hereditary line of Jewish priests established in the time of King David) and their great leader the Teacher of Righteousness. Their documents tell the story of a community that had retreated from mainstream Judaism and constructed a way of life utterly devoted to God. They believed they lived in the “end times”, and were themselves both a witness to its cataclysms, and a voice that upheld eternal righteousness. They held their Teacher in deep reverence and maintained a faith in his mission against a Jerusalem priesthood which severely persecuted and apparently killed Him. Within the community there was also a large faction of dissent, led by a “Man of Lies”. These traitors denied the Righteous Teacher and caused many of his followers to go astray.
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Evidence from antiquity
When scholars began translating the scrolls, they soon realized that an historical record, though little noted until the modern discoveries, already existed on the scrolls’ authors. A reference from Pliny the Elder (Roman naturalist, c.23-79 AD) pointed directly to the Qumran site:
“On the west side of the Dead Sea, but out of range of the noxious exhalations of the coast, is the solitary tribe of the Essenes, which is remarkable beyond all the other tribes in the whole world, as it has no women and has renounced all sexual desire, has no money, and has only palm trees for company. Day by day the throng of refugees is recruited to an equal number by numerous accessions of persons tired of life and driven thither by the waves of fortune to adopt their manners … Lying below the Essenes was formerly the town of Engedi … next comes Masada.”
Josephus (Jewish historian, c.37-95 AD) described three Jewish sects – the Sadducees, the Pharisees, and the Essenes. Claiming himself to have been a member of the Essenes for three years, he gave a description of their beliefs and lifestyle that closely followed those in the scrolls.
Philo Judaeus (Platonic philosopher, c.20 BC-50 AD) wrote not only of the Essenes, but also of their closely related order in Egypt – the Therapeutae.
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They reveal the Essenes to have been a radical Jewish sect committed to the revolutionary overthrow of the Romans and their upper-class Jewish allies.
He sees parallels between the Essenes , the Jewish splinter group most likely responsible for hiding the scrolls more than 2,200 years ago, and the 21st-century business community.
I believe most of what Jesus taught and feel confident that there was such a man, probably a member of the Essenes .
Historical references to healing in Jewish literature date back to 200 B.C., to the Essenes , a mystical group known for their talent as healers and suspected by some scholars of having trained Jesus.
But eating together was a central activity for Jewish religious groups such as Pharisees and Essenes .
Karl Barhdt theorized that Jesus belonged to a secret order of the Essenes and wanted to get Israel to abandon the idea of a political Messiah in favor of a purely spiritual one.
And of course the man carrying the pitcher may have been a member of the Essene faction, whose men eschewed marriage and carried their own water.
The Pharisees and Essenes , for example - the Jewish communities closest to Jesus’ teaching - both affirmed a doctrine of the future resurrection of the dead.
Until recently the consensus was that the writings were the product of a sectarian group identical or closely related to the Essenes described by Josephus and the Jewish philosopher Philo.
Let us also consider that the Dead Sea scrolls - found in Qumran in 1947 - reveal that the Essenes were a deeply esoteric group within the Hebrew tradition.
Recent excavation efforts have made Qumran - the Essene settlement in whose caves the Dead Sea Scrolls lay undiscovered for 2,000 years - more accessible than ever before.
Although monasticism is not part of mainstream Judaism, the Essenes , a messianic sect, founded a remote community by the Dead Sea.
More recent work by other archaeologists and biblical scholars has questioned the association of the scrolls with the Qumran ruins and the Essenes .
Water purification rites played a major role in Jewish sectarian movements, especially among the Pharisees and the Essenes .
The Essenes were called the people of the scroll.
After the dispersion of the Jews by the Romans following the failure of the Bar Kochba Revolt, the Jewish followers of Jesus disappeared along with the Essenes , the Sadducees and the Zealots.
In the first century BCE, the Jewish sect called the Essenes finally finished transforming Satan into the devil we’re familiar with today.
Judaism has generally given little place to asceticism, except in early ascetic groups such as the Essenes , and amongst the Nazirites; Jewish ascetics who vow to abstain from grape products, from cutting hair, and from touching a corpse.
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Summary/Abstract: The author considers three possible Aramaic etymologies of the designation Ἐσσαῖοι/Ἐσσηνοί: (1) Since, according to reiterated Josephus Flavius’ accounts and the Dead Sea scrolls’ evidences, the Essenes and the Qumranites, closely associated with them, believed in predestination and foretold the future, they could be called: those, who believe in predestination, sc. the “fatalists”, “determinists”; or: those, who predict fate, i.e. the “foretellers”. This hypothetical etymology is derived from the Aramaic word ḥaššayyā᾿ (m. pl. in st. det.; resp. ḥš(᾿)(y)yn in st. abs.) reconstructed by the author from the term ḥšy/ḥš᾿ (“what man has to suffer, predestination, fortune”) after the model: C1aC2C2aC3. (2) In the present author’s opinion, the Qumran community held itself allegorically to be the “root(s)” and “stock” of Jesse, giving life to the “holy” Davidic “Shoot” (see: Isa. 11:1); or, in other words, the Qumranites appear to have considered their Yaḥaḏ (lit. “Unity/Oneness”) the personification of a new Jesse, who would “beget” and “bring up” a new David. (Cf., e.g., 1QSa, II, 11–12: “When [God] begets (yôlîḏ) the Messiah with them (᾿ittām; i.e. the sectarians. — I. T.)…”.) Proceeding from this doctrine, one can assume the etymology of the designation Ἐσσαῖοι/Ἐσσηνοί from the Aramaic-Syriac spelling of King David father’s name Jesse — ᾿Κ(š)ay. (3) The Essenes’ and the Qumranites’ aloofness from this world and their striving for interrelations with the other world could be a reason, by which they came to be regarded as “liminal” personalities and nicknamed (probably, with a tinge of irony) after the name of “rephaites” (the original vocalization seems to have been: rōfĕ᾿îm, lit. “healers”, sc. “benefactors”) of former times, whom they really recalled in some key aspects of their outlook and religious practice. In this case, the designation θεραπευταί, “healers”, — applied in Jewish Hellenized circles, primarily, in Egypt, to the members of the (ex hypothesi) Essenean communities of mystic-“gnostic” trend — could be in fact a Greek translation of the Hebrew term rōfĕ᾿îm. It also seems natural to assume that this designation of the sectarians could be interpreted/translated by the uninitiated by the word ᾿āsayyā᾿/᾿āsên, meaning “healers”, “physicians”, in the Aramaic-speaking milieu of the region of Syria-Palestine.
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The Dead Sea Scrolls portray a central role for “the sons of Zadok the Priest” within the community; the “Teacher of Righteousness” (Moreh Zedek) named as founder may point to a Zadokite.[citation needed] while the phrase “To be as one in following the Law and (sharing) wealth and reconciling (based on) the mouth of the sons of Tzadok the keepers of the covenant” from the Community Rule document[citation needed] suggest that the leaders of the community were sons of Zadok.
Upon the sin of Eli’s sons, Hophni and Phinehas, it was prophesied that the high priesthood would be returned to the sons of Eleazar:
And I will raise up myself a reliable priest who acts with my heart, and with my soul he will do, and I will build him a reliable household, and he will go before my Anointed for all of days
— 1 Samuel 2:35
Zadok, as a patrilineal descendant of Phinehas (son of Eleazar) assumed the high priesthood. His sons were Ahimaaz and Azariah followed by his descendants who held the high priesthood up to the destruction of the First Temple and, following the building of the second temple, resumed the high priesthood, as per Joshua the High Priest (along with Ezra) being of Zadokite lineage.
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Joshua the High Priest
Joshua (Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁוּעַ Yəhōšua‘) or Yeshua the High Priest or Jesus the high priest, was according to the Bible, the first person chosen to be the High Priest for the reconstruction of the Jewish Temple after the return of the Jews from the Babylonian Captivity (See Zechariah 6:9–14 and Ezra 3 in the Bible). While the name Yeshua is used in Ezra–Nehemiah for the High Priest,[1] he is called Joshua son of Yehozadak in the Book of Haggai and the Book of Zechariah.
Joshua son of Jozadak served as High Priest ca. 515–490 BCE in the common List of High Priests of Israel. This dating is based on the period of service at age 25–50 (per Numbers 8) rather than age 30–50 (per Numbers 4).
The biblical text credits Joshua among the leaders that inspired a momentum towards the reconstruction of the temple, in Ezra 5:2. Later 10:18 some of his sons and nephews are found guilty of intermarriage.
Facts concerning the later part of Joshua’s life are in part dependent upon whether Joshua was still alive at the time of his appearance in a vision seen by Zechariah. If the vision relates to Nehemiah’s cleansing of the temple in 13:28 then the engagement of Joshua’s great-great-grandson to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite would place Joshua in his late 90s if he were still alive.[3]
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HIGH PRIEST
High priest (Hebrew: כהן גדול kohen gadol; with definite article הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֹל ha’kohen ha’gadol, the high priest; Aramaic kahana rabba)[1] was the title of the chief religious official of Judaism from the early post-Exilic times until the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. Previously, in the Israelite religion including the time of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, other terms were used to designate the leading priests; however, as long as a king was in place, the supreme ecclesiastical authority lay with him.[1] The official introduction of the term “high priest” went hand in hand with a greatly enhanced ritual and political significance bestowed upon the chief priest in the post-Exilic period, certainly from 411 BCE onward, after the religious transformations brought about by the Babylonian captivity and due to the lack of a Jewish king and kingdom.[1]
The high priests belonged to the Jewish priestly families that trace their paternal line back to Aaron, the first high priest of Israel in the Hebrew Bible and elder brother of Moses, through Zadok, a leading priest at the time of David and Solomon. This tradition came to an end in the 2nd century BCE during the rule of the Hasmoneans, when the position was occupied by other priestly families unrelated to Zadok.[2]
τετραγαμμάδιον
SWASTIKA
τετραγαμμάδιον - tetragammadion
Greek: τετραγαμμάδιον “or cross gammadion”
Latin: crux gammata
French: croix gammée
as each arm resembles the Greek letter Γ (gamma)
The word swastika is derived from the Sanskrit root swasti, which is composed of su (‘“good, well’) and asti (‘it is; there is’).[27] The word swasti occurs frequently in the Vedas as well as in classical literature, meaning ‘health, luck, success, prosperity’, and it was commonly used as a greeting.[28][29] The final ka is a common suffix that could have multiple meanings.[30] According to Monier-Williams, a majority of scholars consider it a solar symbol.[28] The sign implies something fortunate, lucky, or auspicious, and it denotes auspiciousness or well-being.[28]
The earliest known use of the word swastika is in Panini’s Ashtadhyayi which uses it to explain one of the Sanskrit grammar rules, in the context of a type of identifying mark on a cow’s ear.[27] Most scholarship suggests that Panini lived in or before the 4th-century BCE,[31][32] possibly in 6th or 5th century BCE.[33][34]
Other names for the symbol include:
tetragammadion (Greek: τετραγαμμάδιον) or cross gammadion (Latin: crux gammata; French: croix gammée), as each arm resembles the Greek letter Γ (gamma)[16]
hooked cross (German: Hakenkreuz), angled cross (Winkelkreuz), or crooked cross (Krummkreuz)
cross cramponned, cramponnée, or cramponny in heraldry, as each arm resembles a crampon or angle-iron (German: Winkelmaßkreuz)
fylfot, chiefly in heraldry and architecture
tetraskelion (Greek: τετρασκέλιον), literally meaning ‘four-legged’, especially when composed of four conjoined legs (compare triskelion/triskele [Greek: τρισκέλιον])[35]
whirling logs (Navajo, Native American): can denote abundance, prosperity, healing, and luck[36]
