PLACES - greek

Question 1

Αγγλία

Answer 1

ENGLAND

Αγγλία • (Anglía) f

England (part of the United Kingdom)

Question 2

Σκωτία

Answer 2

SCOTLAND

Σκωτία • (Skotía) f

Scotland (part of the UK)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos).
From Proto-Indo-European *skh₃tos. Cognates include Old Irish scáth, Sanskrit छत्त्र (chattra, “umbrella”), and Old English sceadu (English shadow).

σκότος • (skótos) m (genitive σκότου); second declension
σκότος • (skótos) n (genitive σκότους); third declension

Darkness, gloom.
The darkness of death.
The darkness of the netherworld.
Blindness.
Obscurity.
(of a person) the mystery, ignorance, deceit.
The darkness of the womb.

Question 3

Ουαλία

Answer 3

WALES

Ουαλία • (Oualía) f

Wales (a part of the UK)

Question 4

Βόρεια Ιρλανδία

Answer 4

NORTHERN IRELAND

Βόρεια Ιρλανδία • (Vóreia Irlandía) f

(country) Northern Ireland. βόρειος • (vóreios) m (feminine βόρεια, neuter βόρειο)

north, northerly (toward the north, from the north)

βόρειος • (vóreios) m (plural βόρειοι, feminine βόρεια)
north wind
northerner

βοριάς • (voriás) m (plural βοριάδες)
north wind
north
cold weather

Question 5

βόρειος

Answer 5

NORTHERN - BOREAL

βόρειος • (vóreios) m (plural βόρειοι, feminine βόρεια)
north wind
northerner

βοριάς • (voriás) m (plural βοριάδες)
north wind
north
cold weather

Question 6

Ιρλανδία

Answer 6

Ιρλανδία • (Irlandía) f

Ireland (the island)
Ireland, Republic of Ireland (the country occupying most of the island)

Έιρε n (Éire, “Eire”)
Derived terms Edit
Ιρλανδός m (Irlandós, “male from Ireland, Irishman”)
Ιρλανδέζος m (Irlandézos, “male from Ireland, Irishman”) (colloquial)
Ιρλανδή f (Irlandí, “female from Ireland”)
Ιρλανδέζα f (Irlandéza, “female from Ireland”) (colloquial)
ιρλανδικός (irlandikós, “Irish”) (adjective)
ιρλανδέζικος (irlandézikos, “Irish”) (adjective, colloquial)
ιρλανδικά n pl (irlandiká, “Irish”) (the language)

Question 7

Έιρε

Answer 7

IRELAND

Éire (Irish: [ˈeːɾʲə] (About this sound listen)) is Irish for “Ireland”, the name of an island and a sovereign state. The English pronunciation is /ˈɛərə/ (AIR-ə).

The Iverni (Ἰούερνοι, Iouernoi) were a people of early Ireland first mentioned in Ptolemy’s 2nd century Geography as living in the extreme south-west of the island.[1] He also locates a “city” called Ivernis (Ἰουερνίς, Iouernis) in their territory, and observes that this settlement has the same name as the island as a whole, Ivernia (Ἰουερνία, Iouernia).[2] The name Iverni has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *PiHwerjoHn, “the fertile land”. It was probably once the name given to all the peoples of Ireland, but by Ptolemy’s time had a more restricted usage applicable to the inhabitants of the south-west.[3] These Iverni can be identified linguistically with the Érainn (Éraind, Érnai, Érna),[4] a people attested in Munster and elsewhere in the early Middle Ages.

The prehistoric Érainn royal dynasties are sometimes referred to as the Dáirine.

In early Irish genealogical tracts the Érainn are regarded as an ethnic group, distinct from the Laigin and Cruthin.

The Dáirine (Dárine, Dáirfine, Dáirfhine, Dárfine, Dárinne, Dairinne), later known dynastically as the Corcu Loígde, were the proto-historical rulers of Munster before the rise of the Eóganachta in the 7th century AD.[1] They appear to have derived from the Darini of Ptolemy and to have been related to the Ulaid and Dál Riata of Ulster and Scotland.[2] In support of this, their ancestors appear frequently in the Ulster Cycle, where they are known as the Clanna Dedad, and are the killers of Cú Chulainn.

All are considered Érainn.

Ériu
In Irish mythology, Ériu (Irish pronunciation: [ˈeːrʲu]; modern Irish Éire), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron goddess of Ireland.

The English name for Ireland comes from the name Ériu and the Germanic (Old Norse or Old English) word land.

Since Ériu is represented as goddess of Ireland, she is often interpreted as a modern-day personification of Ireland, although since the name “Ériu” is the older Irish form of the word Ireland, her modern name is often modified to “Éire” or “Erin” to suit a modern form.

Her husband has been named as Mac Gréine (‘Son of the Sun’).

The University of Wales’ reconstructed Proto-Celtic lexicon gives *Φīwerjon- (nominative singular Φīwerjō) as the Proto-Celtic etymology of this name.[6] This Celtic form implies Proto-Indo-European *piHwerjon-, likely related to the adjectival stem *piHwer- “fat” (cf. Sanskrit pīvan, f. pīvarī and by-form pīvara, “fat, full, abounding”) hence meaning “fat land” or “land of abundance”, applied at an early date to the island of Ireland. The Proto-Celtic form became *īweriū[7] in Q-Celtic (Proto-Goidelic). From a similar or somewhat later form were also borrowed Greek Ἰέρνη I[w]ernē and Ἰουερνία Iouernia; the latter form was converted into Latin Hibernia.

Question 8

Γαλλία

Answer 8

FRANCE - GAUL

From Ancient Greek Γαλλία (Gallía, “Gaul”), borrowed from Latin Gallia.

Παρίσι n (Parísi, “Paris”)
Derived terms	Edit
Γαλλίδα f (Gallída, “Frenchwoman”)
Γάλλος m (Gállos, “Frenchman”)
γαλλικά n pl (galliká, “French language”)
γαλλικός (gallikós, “French”, adjective)

Question 9

Τουρκία

Answer 9

TURKEY

Τουρκία • (Tourkía) f

Turkey

Τούρκα f (Toúrka, “Turkish woman”)
Τουρκάλα f (Tourkála, “Turkish woman”)
τουρκικά (tourkiká, “Turkish”) (language)
τουρκικός (tourkikós, “Turkish”) (adjective)
τούρκικος (toúrkikos, “Turkish”) (adjective)
Τούρκισσα f (Toúrkissa, “Turkish woman”)
τουρκοκρατία (tourkokratía, “Turkish domination”)
Τουρκοκύπρια f (Tourkokýpria, “Turkish Cypriot”)
Τουρκοκύπριος m (Tourkokýprios, “Turkish Cypriot”)
τουρκομερίτης m (tourkomerítis, “Greek from Turkey”)
τουρκομερίτισσα f (tourkomerítissa, “Greek from Turkey”)
Τούρκος m (Toúrkos, “Turk”)