BE - BEING - BECOMING Flashcards

Question

γεγόναμεν

Answer 1

V-RIA-1P Verb-Perfect-Infinitive-Active-1P We have to become(d)

Answer 2

TO BCOME - BE BORN - COME TO BE γίγνομαι • (gígnomai) to come into being (of people) to be born. (of things) to be produced (of events) to take place (followed by a predicate) to become. (aorist participle) having ceased to be: former, ex- ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός the ex-general. ``` γένος (“kind, type, category, group”) γένεσις (“origin”) γενεᾱ́ (“descent”) γόνος (“offspring, begetting”) γεννάω (“beget”) ``` ______________________________________ γένος • (génos) n (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension ``` offspring, descendant family, clan nation, race gender (grammar) grammatical gender sex any type or class. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *génos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os (“race”). Cognates include Latin genus, Sanskrit जनस् (jánas), Old Armenian ծին (cin) and English kin. Also see γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I am born”). ______________________________________ γένεσις • (génesis) f (genitive γενέσεως); third declension origin, source manner of birth creation. From Proto-Hellenic *génetis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis. Synchronically a verbal noun from γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”) +‎ -σις (-sis). -σῐς Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. ______________________________________ γενεᾱ́ • (geneā́) f (genitive γενεᾶς); first declension birth race, descent generation offspring Verbal noun from the root of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). ______________________________________ γόνος • (gónos) m, f (genitive γόνου); second declension ``` (feminine) That which is begotten: child, grandchild, offspring (masculine) fruit, product race, stock, descent procreation, begetting seed genitals ``` ______________________________________ γεννᾰ́ω • (gennáō) Vern to beget, give birth to to bring forth, produce, generate. From γέννα (génna) +‎ -ᾰ́ω -ᾰ́ω Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē) _________________________________________ γέννᾰ or γέννᾱ • (génna or génnā) f (genitive γέννης or γέννᾱς); first declension (Poetic) ``` Ancient Greek Synonym of γένος (génos) descent, lineage origin 2nd century CE, w:Secundus the Silent, Sententiae. 15. γῆ γέννα πάντων gê génna pántōn the earth origin of everyone/everything offspring, generation. ``` family (children), race (of the Moon) coming forth. childbirth (process of childbearing) family (of the Moon, expression) “γέννα τῆς σελήνης (génna tês selḗnēs)”: moonrise (literally: the birth of the Moon) also see τὰ Γέννα • (tà Génna) n pl (genitive Γέννων); second declension (6th century CE): Christmas Synonym: τὰ Χριστούγεννα (Christmas) The Ancient Greek noun γέννα had a different meaning: “ancestry, descendant”‎) γέννα • (génna) f (plural γέννες) birth. “αρχείο γεννών” ‎(“archive of births/labours”‎) “αρχείο γεννήσεων” ‎(archeío genníseon, “archive of births”‎) has to do with childbirths and registration. ``` Synonyms Edit γέννηση f (génnisi) τοκετός m (toketós) Related terms Edit γεννώ (gennó, “give birth or beget”) Χριστούγεννα (Christoúgenna, “Christmas”) ``` γεννάω• (gennáo) (simple past γέννησα, passive γεννιέμαι) Alternative form of γεννώ (gennó) ________________________________________ αναγεννώ • (anagennó) (simple past αναγέννησα, passive αναγεννιέμαι, αναγεννώμαι) regenerate, rejuvenate ανα- (ana-, “re”) +‎ γεννώ (gennó, “to give birth”) αναγεννητής m (“regenerator”) αναγεννητικός (“regenerative”) αναγέννηση f ("renewal, revival”)

Answer 3

LIVE - LIFE ζωή • (zōḗ) f (genitive ζωῆς); first declension a living, property life. From ζῶ (“to live”) +‎ -η -η Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun. ζάω • (záō) I live. ζωή • (zoḯ) f (plural ζωές) life lifetime Proto-Hellenic *ďṓwō to live. from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti. *gʷíh₃weti (imperfective) to live, to be alive. ζωντανός (“alive”) alive, living (figuratively) lively. ζωντανά (zontaná, adverb) ζωντάνεμα n (zontánema, “reviving”) ζωντανεύω (zontanévo, “come/bring to life”) ζωντάνια f (zontánia, “being lively”) ζωντανό n (zontanó, “animal”) (colloquial) ζωντόβολο n (zontóvolo, “animal, figuratively: derogatory”) (colloquial) ζωντοχήρος m (zontochíros, “divorced man”), feminine: ζωντοχήρα (zontochíra) (informal) ζωηρός (zoïrós, “lively”) ζωηρός • (zoïrós) m (feminine ζωηρή, neuter ζωηρό) lively, energetic ζωτικός (zotikós, “vital”) and see: ζω (zo, “to live”), ζωή f (zoḯ, “life”) ζωηρά (zoïrá, “lively”, adverb) ζωηράδα f (zoïráda, “liveliness”) ζωηρεύω (zoïrévo, “make/become lively”) ζωηρότητα f (zoïrótita, “liveliness”) ζωηρούλης (zoïroúlis, adjective) (diminutive) ζωηρούτσικα (zoïroútsika, “lively”, adverb) ζωηρούτσικος (zoïroútsikos, “lively”, adjective) (diminutive) ζωηρόχρωμος (zoïróchromos, “with lively colours”) ζωτικός • (zotikós) m (feminine ζωτική, neuter ζωτικό) vital (alive) (figuratively) vital, essential (of great importance) see: ζω (zo, “to live”) εφ' όρου ζωής (ef' órou zoḯs, “for life”) ζωή και κότα f (zoḯ kai kóta, “good life, carefree life”) ζωή σε λόγου σας (zoḯ se lógou sas, “literally: life to you; (my) condolences”) (colloquial) σκυλίσια ζωή f (skylísia zoḯ, “dog's life”) φιλί της ζωής (filí tis zoḯs, “kiss of life”) Related terms Edit see ζωο- (zoo-) and ____________________________________ ζῷον • (zôion) n (genitive ζῴου); second declension animal, beast (arts) form, image. From Proto-Hellenic *ďṓyyon, from Pre-Hellenic *gʷyōwyon, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷyeh₃w-y-om, from *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”). Cognate with βίος (bíos, “life”). ζώο • (zóo) n (plural ζώα) (zoology) mammal animal, beast, creature brute, stupid (used as derogatory interjection) ζωντανό n (zontanó, “animal”) (colloquial) ζωντόβολο n (zontóvolo, “animal, figuratively: derogatory”) (colloquial) κτήνος m (ktínos, “domestic animal”) τα ζώα μου αργά (“very lazy”) βασιλιάς των ζώων (“lion, king of beasts”) see ζωο- (zoo-) βρομόζωο n (vromózoo, “dirty animal”) επιζωοτία f (epizootía, “epidemic of animals”) ζωανθρωπία f (zoanthropía, “zoanthropy”) (psychiatry) ζώδιο n (zódio, “astrological sign”) ζωικός (zoikós, “of the animals”) and derivatives ζωντανό n (zontanó, “animal”) (colloquial) ζωντόβολο n (zontóvolo, “animal, figuratively: derogatory”) (colloquial) ζωόφιλος (zoófilos, “friend of animals”) ζωύφιο n (zoýfio, “small insect”) ζωώδης (zoódis, adjective) Μετάζωα n pl (Metázoa, “Metazoa”) (biology) Παράζωα n pl (Parázoa, “Parazoa”) (biology) Πρωτόζωα n pl (Protózoa, “Protozoa”) (biology) πειραματόζωο n (peiramatózoo, “guinea pig, animal as experimental subject”) Σπορόζωα n pl (Sporózoa, “Sporozoa”) (biology) φιλόζωος (filózoos, “friend of animals”) φιλοζωικός (filozoikós, “of friend of animals”) ωοζωοτοκία f (oozootokía) ωοζωοτόκος (oozootókos) and see: ζωή f (zoḯ, “life”) _______________________________________ ζῴδιον • (zṓidion) little animal. The diminutive form of ζῷον (zôion, “animal”) From ζῴδῐον (zṓidion, “little animal”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós, “-ic”, adjective-forming suffix). ζῳδῐᾰκός • (zōidiakós) m (feminine ζῳδῐᾰκή, neuter ζῳδῐᾰκόν); first/second declension Of or relating to little animals Of or relating to the zodiac. English: zodiac _____________________________________ From Middle English liven, libben, from Old English lifian, libban (“to live; be alive”), from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian lieuwje (“to live”), West Frisian libje (“to live”), Dutch leven (“to live”), German Low German leven, lęven (“to live”), German leben (“to live”), Swedish leva (“to live”), Icelandic lifa (“to live”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (liban, “to live”). _______________________________________ From ζωή (zōḗ), fashioned as a personal name to Hebrew חוה‎ (“Eve”). ________________________________________ חַוָּה • (khavá) f [pattern: קַטְלָה] Eve (Biblical character, the first human female) A female given name, Chava. proper feminine noun First Woman - Mother of All Living. Traditionally held to be from חַי‎ (kháy, “alive”). חַוָּה Chavvah Eve = "life" or "living" the first woman, wife of Adam. ``` חֲוָא chava' (Aramaic) To show, interpret, explain, inform, tell, declare. (Pael) to show, interpret (Aphel) to show Etymology Corresponding to חָוָה (H2331) (Eve) ``` ____________________________________________ ζω • (zo) (simple past έζησα) (most senses) live Ζει πιά ο κύριος Παναγιώτης; ― Zei piá o kýrios Panagiótis? ― Is Mr Panagiotis still alive? Ζούσα τότε στη Γερμανία. ― Zoúsa tóte sti Germanía. ― I lived then in Germany. (figuratively) live on, endure (continue to exist) Η μνήμη του θα ζει για πάντα στις καρδιές μας. ― I mními tou tha zei gia pánta stis kardiés mas. ― His memory will live on in our hearts. (transitive, figuratively) support, sustain (financially) Με τέτοιο μισθό, πώς να ζήσει την οικογένειά του; ― Me tétoio misthó, pós na zísei tin oikogéneiá tou? ― With such a salary, how can he support his family? _________________________________________ SYNONYMS support): συντηρώ (syntiró), τρέφω (tréfo), φροντίζω (frontízo) ζωή f (zoḯ, “life”) ζωηρός (zoïrós, “lively”) ζωντανός (zontanós, “alive”) ζωτικός (zotikós, “vital”) ___________________________________________ ANTONYM πεθαίνω (pethaíno, “die”) πεθαίνω • (pethaíno) (simple past πέθανα, passive —) (most senses) die Ακουσες ότι πέθανε ο κύριος Βαγγέλης; ― Akouses óti péthane o kýrios Vangélis? ― Did you hear that Mr Vangelis died? Πέθανα στα γέλια όταν τον είδα. ― Péthana sta gélia ótan ton eída. ― I died laughing when I saw him. (transitive) kill (either directly or indirectly) Αυτά τα φάρμακα τον πέθαναν στο τέλος. ― Aftá ta fármaka ton péthanan sto télos. ― These medicines killed him in the end. Τον πέθανε ο καημός της κόρης του. ― Ton péthane o kaïmós tis kóris tou. ― His daughter's sorrow killed him. (transitive, figuratively) kill, torture (cause suffering to) Θα με πεθάνεις με τη ζήλια σου! ― Tha me petháneis me ti zília sou! ― Your jealousy will be the death of me! (transitive, figuratively) pain, hurt, kill (cause pain to) Το δόντι μου με πεθαίνει. ― To dónti mou me pethaínei. ― My tooth is killing me. πεθαμένος • (pethaménos) m (feminine πεθαμένη, neuter πεθαμένο) dead, deceased, (English euphemisms): departed, late, passed away (figuratively) lost, perished. οι πεθαμένες ελπίδες ― oi pethaménes elpídes ― the dead hopes τα πεθαμένα όνειρα ― ta pethaména óneira ― the dead dreams (wishes) Synonyms: νεκρός (nekrós), τσακισμένος (tsakisménos) (figuratively, idiomatic) exhausted Γύρισα στο σπίτι πεθαμένος από τη δουλειά Gýrisa sto spíti pethaménos apó ti douleiá I returned home, exhausted (lit:dead) from work. πεθαμένα (pethaména, “neuteral plural”) as a noun: literally: the dead (implied: relatives) _____________________________________ Latin - vital (comparative more vital, superlative most vital) Relating to, or characteristic of life. Necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends. Invigorating or life-giving. Necessary to continued existence. Capable of living; in a state to live; viable. from Latin vītālis (“of life, life-giving”) from vīta (“life”) from vīvō (“I live”). vīta f (genitive vītae); first declension ``` life (by extension) living, support, subsistence a way of life real life, not fiction (figuratively) mankind, the living ``` From Proto-Italic *gʷītā. Possibly corresponds to a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ Ancient Greek βίοτος (“life”), Old Irish bethu, bethad? Irish beatha, Welsh bywyd, Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan gayo (accusative ǰyātum) "life")), ultimately from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). _______________________________________ ``` Old Irish - beatha beatha f (genitive singular beatha or beathadh, nominative plural beathaí) life; biography living, livelihood food, sustenance. ``` From Middle Irish betha, from Old Irish bethu, from Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Welsh bywyd), from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”) compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬫𐬊‎ (gayo) (accusative 𐬘𐬫𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨‎ (jyātum, “life”))), from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”).

Answer 4

ABIDE - RESIDE - REMAIN THE NIGHT ἰαύω • (iaúō) (poetic) to sleep, pass the night. (with genitive) to stop, make to cease. From a reduplicated present *h₂í-h₂ews-ye- of Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“pass the night”). Cognates include Old Armenian ագանիմ (aganim), Hittite 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuiš-zi, “to live, survive”), and Sanskrit वसति (vásati, “to dwell, remain, stay”). ___________________________________________ Related to αὐλή (aulḗ). αὐλή • (aulḗ) f (genitive αὐλῆς); first declension open court, courtyard quadrangle hall, chamber dwelling, house. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“pass the night”). Related to ἰαύω (iaúō). _____________________________________ *h₂wes- to dwell, live, reside to stay, spend the night _____________________________________ Synonym παύω • (paúō) Stop, to make to cease. Disputed. Some sources trace the word back to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-, in which case it would be cognate with Old Armenian հաւ (haw, “beginning”), but Beekes says there are no certain cognates outside of Greek. παύω to make to cease (with accusative) to bring to an end, check. (mostly of things) to make an end of, stop, abate. (with accusative of person, genitive of object) to make to rest, stop, hinder, keep back from. (rarely with genitive only) to make an end of. (with present participle) to stop a person from doing or being. (intransitive, in imperative) cease, leave off. ___________________________________ वसति • (vasatí) f staying, dwelling, abiding, sojourn a nest a dwelling-place, house, residence (Jainism) a Jain monastery. ___________________________________ ``` Germanic: *wistiz (“essence, nature”) From *wesaną (“to be”) +‎ *-þiz. *wistiz f essence, being nature, reality substance. ``` *-þiz f Forms abstract nouns from verb roots, usually from strong verbs. __________________________________________ Hittite 𒄷𒍑 • (ḫu-uš) To live, to survive. Hittite 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuiš-zi, “to live, survive”) From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to live, reside, stay”). ___________________________________________

Answer 5

LIFE - LIFETIME - LIFESPAN βίος • (víos) m (plural βίοι) life lifespan quality of life biography, life story. βῐ́ος • (bíos) m (genitive βῐ́ου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) life (often with a positive connotation: the good life) Either from *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), and cognate with Old English cwic (English quick), Latin vīvus, and Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ); or a syncope of βίοτος (bíotos). In either case, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”), whence also ζωός (zōós) and ζῷον (zôion), and cognate with Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati), Latin vīvō, Old Armenian կեամ (keam). _______________________________________ Latin vīvus (feminine vīva, neuter vīvum); first/second declension alive, living (of inanimate things) having properties like a living thing, e.g. moving, fresh, uncut (substantive) living thing. From Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (whence Latin -vus). __________________________________________ Latin - vital (comparative more vital, superlative most vital) Relating to, or characteristic of life. Necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends. Invigorating or life-giving. Necessary to continued existence. Capable of living; in a state to live; viable. from Latin vītālis (“of life, life-giving”) from vīta (“life”) from vīvō (“I live”). vīta f (genitive vītae); first declension ``` life (by extension) living, support, subsistence a way of life real life, not fiction (figuratively) mankind, the living ``` From Proto-Italic *gʷītā. Possibly corresponds to a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ Ancient Greek βίοτος (“life”), Old Irish bethu, bethad? Irish beatha, Welsh bywyd, Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan gayo (accusative ǰyātum) "life")), ultimately from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). _______________________________________ ``` Old Irish - beatha beatha f (genitive singular beatha or beathadh, nominative plural beathaí) life; biography living, livelihood food, sustenance. ``` From Middle Irish betha, from Old Irish bethu, from Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Welsh bywyd), from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”) compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬫𐬊‎ (gayo) (accusative 𐬘𐬫𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨‎ (jyātum, “life”))), from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”). __________________________________________ Proto-Germanic/ *libjaną to live, to be alive. From Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”). Old English - ġelibban To live, be alive. To flee spiritual death. (transitive) To live to do, get by living. (transitive) To experience; live through, have as a part of one's life. From ġe- +‎ libban. libban - (to live) ġe- Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection. Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process". Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs.

Answer 6

DEATH θάνατος • (thánatos) m (plural θάνατοι) death. αθανασία (athanasía, “immortality”) αθάνατος (athánatos, “immortal”) θνητός (thnitós, “mortal”) θνητός • (thnitós) m (feminine θνητή, neuter θνητό) mortal. From Ancient Greek θνητός (thnētós), from θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō). θνητός • (thnētós) m (feminine θνητή, neuter θνητόν); first/second declension and θνητός • (thnētós) m, f (neuter θνητόν); second declension Liable to death: mortal Befitting mortals. From the root of θνῄσκω (thnḗiskō, “to die”) +‎ -τος (-tos, adjectival suffix). θνῄσκω • (thnḗiskō) I die; (aorist and perfect) I am dead. (serves as passive of κτείνω (kteínō, “kill”)) to be killed. In any case, the second part is the inchoative suffix -σκω Traditionally compared to Sanskrit अध्वनीत् (á-dhvanī-t, “he disappeared”), ध्वान्त (dhvān-tá-, “dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwenh₂- (“to die”). However, Beekes doubts this, on the basis of the zero-grade forms, which would then be *θυνεῖν, *θύνατος. LIV² reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *dʰn̥h₂-sḱé-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to set oneself in motion, to take off”), comparing the word with Sanskrit धन्वति (dhánvati, “to flow”), Tocharian A tsnāntär (“to flow”), but the semantic connection is weak. Others refer to Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰn̥h₂-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to kill”), from which come θείνω (theínō, “slay”), φόνος (phónos, “murder”), and φᾰτός (phatós, “slain”). φόνος • (phónos) m (genitive φόνου); second declension murder, slaughter 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.430 (law) murder, homicide. ἔπεφνον • (épephnon) (transitive) to slay, kill ________________________________________ Greek - θείνω Latin - Offendō Old English - bana, Bane From the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-. Related to θείνω (theínō, “to strike”) and ἔπεφνον (épephnon, “slew”). θείνω • (theínō) to strike, wound ``` हन्ति • (hánti) (root हन्, class 2 P) to strike, beat (also a drum), pound, hammer (+ accusative) etc.; upon (+ locative) to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy to put to death, cause to be executed to ward off, avert to hurt, wound. ``` From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰánti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰánti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti (“to strike; slay, kill”). Cognates include Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “I strike, wound”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌‎ (jainti), Old Armenian գան (gan) and ջնեմ (ǰnem), Old Church Slavonic гънати (gŭnati), Latin offendō, Old English bana (English bane) and gūþ (“battle”). _____________________________________________ ``` Latin - offendō (present infinitive offendere, perfect active offendī, supine offēnsum); third conjugation I hit, thrust, strike. I meet, encounter (someone). (figuratively) I suffer damage, receive an injury. I fail, am unfortunate. I find fault, take offence. I stumble, blunder, commit offence. I shock, vex, offend, mortify. ``` From ob- (“against”) +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Compare dēfendō. ``` *fendō present infinitive *fendere perfect active *fendī supine *fēnsum third conjugation I hit I thrust. ``` Latin - dēfendō (present infinitive dēfendere, perfect active dēfendī, supine dēfēnsum); third conjugation. From dē- +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”) to drive away to defend, guard or protect. from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, kill”). *gʷʰen- (imperfective) to strike, slay, kill. Hittite: 𒆪𒀸𒆠- (ku-aš-ke-) Slay, kill. _______________________________________ ``` Old English - bana m murderer. bana (transitive, with dative) to kill Related to Old Norse - bani m (“death, killer”). Hie næfre his banan folgian noldon. They never would pursue his murderer. (Saxon Chronicles) something which causes death. From Proto-Germanic *banô. Cognate with Old Frisian bona, Old Saxon bano, Old High German bano, Old Norse bani. ```

Answer 7

KILL - SLAY - DIE πεθαίνω (pethaíno, “die”) πεθαίνω • (pethaíno) (simple past πέθανα, passive —) (most senses) die Ακουσες ότι πέθανε ο κύριος Βαγγέλης; ― Akouses óti péthane o kýrios Vangélis? ― Did you hear that Mr Vangelis died? Πέθανα στα γέλια όταν τον είδα. ― Péthana sta gélia ótan ton eída. ― I died laughing when I saw him. (transitive) kill (either directly or indirectly) Αυτά τα φάρμακα τον πέθαναν στο τέλος. ― Aftá ta fármaka ton péthanan sto télos. ― These medicines killed him in the end. Τον πέθανε ο καημός της κόρης του. ― Ton péthane o kaïmós tis kóris tou. ― His daughter's sorrow killed him. (transitive, figuratively) kill, torture (cause suffering to) Θα με πεθάνεις με τη ζήλια σου! ― Tha me petháneis me ti zília sou! ― Your jealousy will be the death of me! (transitive, figuratively) pain, hurt, kill (cause pain to) Το δόντι μου με πεθαίνει. ― To dónti mou me pethaínei. ― My tooth is killing me. πεθαμένος • (pethaménos) m (feminine πεθαμένη, neuter πεθαμένο) dead, deceased, (English euphemisms): departed, late, passed away (figuratively) lost, perished. οι πεθαμένες ελπίδες ― oi pethaménes elpídes ― the dead hopes τα πεθαμένα όνειρα ― ta pethaména óneira ― the dead dreams (wishes) Synonyms: νεκρός (nekrós), τσακισμένος (tsakisménos) (figuratively, idiomatic) exhausted Γύρισα στο σπίτι πεθαμένος από τη δουλειά Gýrisa sto spíti pethaménos apó ti douleiá I returned home, exhausted (lit:dead) from work. πεθαμένα (pethaména, “neuteral plural”) as a noun: literally: the dead (implied: relatives)

Answer 8

CO-DEPENDENT ORIGINATION "the doctrine states: 'That being, this comes to be; from the arising of that, this arises; that being absent, this is not; from the cessation of that, this ceases'." There is no 'first cause' from which all beings arose. All physical and mental states depend on and arise from other pre-existing states, and in turn from them arise other dependent states while they cease. Pratītyasamutpāda states that all dharmas ("phenomena") arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist". ______________________________________ pratitya: "having depended" samutpada: "arising", "rise, production, origin" it means "spring up together, arise, come to pass, occur, effect, form, produce, originate". The term has been translated into English variously as dependent origination, dependent arising, interdependent co-arising, conditioned arising, and conditioned genesis. in the Mahayana tradition, pratityasamutpada (Sanskrit) is used to refer to the general principle of interdependent causation, whereas in the Theravada tradition, paticcasamuppāda (Pali) is used to refer to the twelve nidānas. ______________________________________ Sanskrit: dvādaśanidānāni, from dvāvaśa ("twelve") + nidānāni (plural of "nidāna", "cause, motivation, link"). ______________________________________ Pratityasamutpada is the Buddhist belief that causality is the basis of ontology, not a creator God nor the ontological Vedic concept called universal Self (Brahman) nor any other 'transcendent creative principle'. (FALSE) Consciousness cannot apprehend its foundational dependencies that allow for its operation across dimension in time. For consciousness to make a choice, it must be unsatisfied with the past, wish for the object of desire in the future, and execute a plan to get from the past to the future to enjoy the satiation of its cravings. Therefore, consciousness depends upon that which transcends its parts and allows for its operation across time and space. A "choice" depends upon the Mind being "spread out" between the past and the future, while having the capacity to execute a choice in the present moment against a standard model (plans, predictions and rules) to achieve its goals and intended outcomes (satisfaction). Therefore, consciousness "is" conditionally dependent upon something that transcends its limits of self awareness. Something must provide the support for the operation of the parts. Creativity, consciousness and genesis would be impossible without this transcendent substrate that allows for the synergy of the parts within a whole. _______________________________________ samutpada: "arising",[17] "rise, production, origin"[web 1] In Vedic literature, it means "spring up together, arise, come to pass, occur, effect, form, produce, originate".[20] The term has been translated into English variously as dependent origination, dependent arising, interdependent co-arising, conditioned arising, and conditioned genesis.[21][22][note 2] _________________________________ The term may also refer to the twelve nidānas, Pali: dvādasanidānāni, Sanskrit: dvādaśanidānāni, from dvāvaśa ("twelve") + nidānāni (plural of "nidāna", "cause, motivation, link").[quote 2] Generally speaking, in the Mahayana tradition, pratityasamutpada (Sanskrit) is used to refer to the general principle of interdependent causation, whereas in the Theravada tradition, paticcasamuppāda (Pali) is used to refer to the twelve nidānas. _________________________________ CONDITIONS - CAUSATIONS The Pratityasamutpada teachings asserts neither direct Newtonian-like causality nor a single causality. Rather, it asserts an indirect conditioned causality and a plural causality.[27][28] The "causal link" propositions in Buddhism is very different from the idea of causality that developed in Europe.[29][30] Instead, the concept of causality in Buddhism is referring to conditions created by a plurality of causes that necessarily co-originate phenomena within and across lifetimes, such as karma in one life creating conditions that lead to rebirth in one of realms of existence for another lifetime.[31][32][33] The Pratītyasamutpāda principle asserts that the dependent origination is necessary and sufficient condition in both directions. This is expressed in Majjhima Nikaya as "When this is, that is; This arising, that arises; When this is not, that is not; This ceasing, that ceases." According to Peter Harvey, Pratityasamutpada is an ontological principle; that is, a theory to explain the nature and relations of being, becoming, existence and ultimate reality. Buddhism asserts that there is nothing independent, except the state of nirvana.[22][note 3] All physical and mental states depend on and arise from other pre-existing states, and in turn from them arise other dependent states while they cease.[36] The 'dependent arisings' have a causal conditioning, and thus Pratityasamutpada is the Buddhist belief that causality is the basis of ontology, not a creator God nor the ontological Vedic concept called universal Self (Brahman) nor any other 'transcendent creative principle'. __________________________________________

Answer 9

EXIST ``` Original Word: ἔξεστιν Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: exesti Phonetic Spelling: (ex'-es-tee) Definition: it is permitted, lawful Usage: it is permitted, lawful, possible. ``` from ek and eimi _________________________________ ``` Original Word: ἐκ, ἐξ Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: ek or ex Phonetic Spelling: (ek) Definition: from, from out of Usage: from out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. ``` properly, "out from and to" (the outcome); out from within. 1537 /ek ("out of") is one of the most under-translated (and therefore mis-translated) Greek propositions – often being confined to the meaning ("by") 1537 (ek) has a two-layered meaning ("out from and to") which makes it out-come oriented (out of the depths of the source and extending to its impact on the object). A prim. preposition denoting ("origin") _______________________________ ``` Original Word: εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist. ``` 1510 eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. "to be") – ("am, is") 1510 (eimí), and its counterparts, (properly) convey "straight-forward" being (existence, i.e. without explicit limits). 1510 /eimí ("is, am") – in the present tense, indicative mood – can be time-inclusive ("omnitemporal," like the Hebrew imperfect tense). Only the context indicates whether the present tense also has "timeless" implications. For example, 1510 (eimí) is aptly used in Christ's great "I am" (ego eimi . . . ) that also include His eternality (self-existent life) as our life, bread, light," etc. See Jn 7:34, 8:58, etc. ``` Example: Jn 14:6: "I am (1510 /eimí) the way, the truth and the life." Here 1510 (eimí) naturally accords with the fact Christ is eternal – meaning "I am (was, will be)." ``` The "I am formula (Gk egō eimi)" harks back to God's only name, "Yahweh" (OT/3068, "the lord") – meaning "He who always was, is, and will be." Compare Jn 8:58 with Ex 3:14. See also Rev 4:8 and 2962 /kýrios ("Lord"). I. εἰμί has the force of a predicate (i. e. is the substantive verb): to be, i. e. ``` Passages in which the idea of the verb preponderates, and some person or thing is said to exist by way of distinction from things non-existent: ἐστιν ὁ Θεός ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν ἐν ἀρχή ἦν ὁ λόγος πρίν Ἀβραάμ γενέσθαι, ἐγώ εἰμί πρό τοῦ τόν κόσμον εἶναι ἦν, καί οὐκ ἐστι καίπερ ἐστιν ``` _____________________________________ ``` ἤμεθα (ēmetha) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: λέγετε Εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς NAS: If we had been [living] in the days INT: you say If we had been in the ``` Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ NAS: of our fathers, we would not have been partners INT: not anyhow we would have been with them partakers. _____________________________________ ᾖ (ē) — 43 Occurrences Matthew 6:4 V-PSA-3S GRK: ὅπως ᾖ σου ἡ INT: so that might be your _____________________________________ ἤμην (ēmēn) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 25:35 V-II-1S GRK: με ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ INT: me a stranger I was and you took in _____________________________________ ἦμεν (ēmen) — 8 Occurrences Acts 11:11 V-II-1P GRK: ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ INT: in which we were sent from _____________________________________ ἦν (ēn) — 315 Occurrences Matthew 7:29 V-II-3S GRK: ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων INT: he was indeed teaching _____________________________________ ἦς (ēs) — 7 Occurrences Matthew 25:21 V-II-2S GRK: ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός ἐπὶ INT: over a few things you were faithful over _____________________________________ ἦσαν (ēsan) — 95 Occurrences Matthew 4:18 V-II-3P GRK: τὴν θάλασσαν ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς INT: the sea they were indeed fishermen _____________________________________ ἦσθα (ēstha) — 2 Occurrences Matthew 26:69 V-II-2S GRK: Καὶ σὺ ἦσθα μετὰ Ἰησοῦ INT: Also you were with Jesus _____________________________________ ἦτε (ēte) — 19 Occurrences John 9:41 V-II-2P GRK: Εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε οὐκ ἂν INT: If blind you [all] were not anyhow John 14:3 V-PSA-2P GRK: καὶ ὑμεῖς ἦτε INT: also you [all] might be _____________________________________ ἤτω (ētō) — 2 Occurrences 1 Corinthians 16:22 V-PM-3S GRK: τὸν κύριον ἤτω ἀνάθεμα μαρανα INT: the Lord let him be accursed Maran James 5:12 V-PM-3S GRK: τινὰ ὅρκον ἤτω δὲ ὑμῶν INT: any oath let be however of you _____________________________________ εἴη (eiē) — 12 Occurrences Luke 1:29 V-PO-3S GRK: διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς INT: was pondering of what kind might be the salutation _____________________________________ εἰμὶ (eimi) — 141 Occurrences Matthew 3:11 V-PI-1S GRK: οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ INT: of whom not I am fit the _____________________________________ εἶναι (einai) — 126 Occurrences Matthew 16:13 V-PN GRK: οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν INT: men to be the Son _____________________________________ εἰσίν (eisin) — 159 Occurrences Matthew 2:18 V-PI-3P GRK: ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν INT: because no more are they (they are) _____________________________________ ἔσῃ (esē) — 8 Occurrences Luke 1:20 V-FI-2S GRK: καὶ ἰδοὺ ἔσῃ σιωπῶν καὶ INT: and Behold you will be silent and _____________________________________ ἔσεσθαι (esesthai) — 4 Occurrences Acts 11:28 V-FN GRK: μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφ' ὅλην INT: great is about to be over all Acts 23:30 V-FN GRK: τὸν ἄνδρα ἔσεσθαι ἐξαυτῆς ἔπεμψα INT: the man to be [carried out] at once I sent [him] _____________________________________ ἐσμεν (esmen) — 52 Occurrences Mark 5:9 V-PI-1P GRK: ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν INT: because many we are (are we) _____________________________________ ἔσομαι (esomai) — 13 Occurrences Matthew 17:17 V-FI-1S GRK: μεθ' ὑμῶν ἔσομαι ἕως πότε INT: with you will I be how long when _____________________________________ ``` ἐσόμενον (esomenon) — 1 Occurrence Luke 22:49 V-FP-ANS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ ἐσόμενον εἶπαν Κύριε INT: him what was about to happen said Lord _____________________________________ ``` ``` ἐσόμεθα (esometha) — 4 Occurrences Romans 6:5 V-FI-1P GRK: τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα INT: of the resurrection we will be _____________________________________ ``` ἔσονται (esontai) — 33 Occurrences Matthew 12:27 V-FI-3P GRK: αὐτοὶ κριταὶ ἔσονται ὑμῶν INT: they judges will be of you Matthew 19:5 V-FI-3P GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο INT: of him and will become the two _____________________________________ ἔσται (estai) — 119 Occurrences Matthew 5:21 V-FI-3S GRK: φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: shall murder liable will be to the judgment Matthew 5:22 V-FI-3S GRK: αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: of him liable will be to the judgment _____________________________________ ἐστε (este) — 93 Occurrences Matthew 5:11 V-PI-2P GRK: μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν INT: Blessed are you [all] when they shall insult Matthew 5:13 V-PI-2P GRK: Ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ τὸ ἅλας INT: You [all] are the salt _____________________________________ ``` ἐστί (esti) — 1 Occurrence Acts 18:10 V-PI-3S GRK: διότι λαός ἐστί μοι πολὺς INT: because people there is to me much _____________________________________ ``` ἐστιν (estin) — 903 Occurrences Matthew 1:20 V-PI-3S GRK: ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου INT: from [the] Spirit is Holy Matthew 1:23 V-PI-3S GRK: Ἐμμανουήλ ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Μεθ' INT: Immanuel which is translated With _____________________________________ ἔστω (estō) — 12 Occurrences Matthew 5:37 V-PM-3S GRK: ἔστω δὲ ὁ INT: let it be moreover the Matthew 18:17 V-PM-3S GRK: ἐκκλησίας παρακούσῃ ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ INT: church he fail to listen to let him be to you as ἔστω - LET IT BE ``` Acts 1:20 V-PM-3S GRK: καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν INT: and not let there be [one person] dwelling _____________________________________ Ἔστωσαν - LET US BE ``` Ἔστωσαν (Estōsan) — 2 Occurrences Luke 12:35 V-PM-3P GRK: Ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ INT: Let us be your ``` 1 Timothy 3:12 V-PM-3P GRK: διάκονοι ἔστωσαν μιᾶς γυναικὸς INT: Those who serve let us be of one wife _____________________________________ ἴσθι - YOU BE ``` ἴσθι (isthi) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 2:13 V-PM-2S GRK: Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως INT: Egypt and you remain there until Matthew 5:25 V-PM-2S GRK: ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ INT: You Be agreeing with Mark 5:34 V-PM-2S GRK: εἰρήνην καὶ ἴσθι ὑγιὴς ἀπὸ INT: peace and you be sound from ``` Luke 19:17 V-PM-2S GRK: πιστὸς ἐγένου ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων INT: faithful you were be you authority having _____________________________________ ὦ - I MIGHT BE ``` ``` ὦ (ō) — 2 Occurrences John 9:5 V-PSA-1S GRK: τῷ κόσμῳ ὦ φῶς εἰμὶ NAS: While I am in the world, I am KJV: the world, I am the light INT: the world I might be [the] light I am ``` Philippians 2:28 V-PSA-1S GRK: κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ INT: and I less anxious might be _____________________________________ ὦμεν - WE SHOULD BE ὦμεν (ōmen) — 3 Occurrences 2 Corinthians 1:9 V-PSA-1P GRK: μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς INT: not be trusting we should be in self 2 Corinthians 13:7 V-PSA-1P GRK: ὡς ἀδόκιμοι ὦμεν INT: as rejected be Ephesians 4:14 V-PSA-1P GRK: ἵνα μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι κλυδωνιζόμενοι INT: that no longer we might be infants being tossed _____________________________________ ὢν - IT IS BEING ``` ὢν (ōn) — 45 Occurrences Matthew 1:19 V-PP-NMS GRK: αὐτῆς δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ INT: of her righteous being and not _____________________________________ ὦσιν - THEY MIGHT BE ``` ``` ὦσιν (ōsin) — 11 Occurrences Mark 3:14 V-PSA-3P GRK: ὠνόμασεν ἵνα ὦσιν μετ' αὐτοῦ INT: he calls that they might be with him _____________________________________ ὂν - IT IS BEING "____" ``` ``` ὂν (on) — 1 Occurrence Mark 4:31 V-PP-NNS GRK: γῆς μικρότερον ὂν πάντων τῶν INT: earth smallest is of all the _____________________________________ ὄντα - "____" HE IS BEING ὄντα (onta) — 19 Occurrences Matthew 6:30 V-PP-AMS GRK: ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα καὶ αὔριον INT: field today which is and tomorrow ``` Luke 12:28 V-PP-AMS GRK: τὸν χόρτον ὄντα σήμερον καὶ INT: the grass which is [here] today and Luke 22:3 V-PP-AMS GRK: καλούμενον Ἰσκαριώτην ὄντα ἐκ τοῦ INT: is called Iscariot being of the ``` Luke 23:7 V-PP-AMS GRK: πρὸς Ἡρῴδην ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν INT: to Herod being also himself _____________________________________ ὄντας - "____" THEY WERE BEING ὄντας (ontas) — 11 Occurrences Acts 9:2 V-PP-AMP GRK: τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντας ἄνδρας τε INT: of the way being men both _____________________________________ ὄντες - THEY WERE BEING "____" ``` ``` ὄντες (ontes) — 26 Occurrences Matthew 7:11 V-PP-NMP GRK: ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε δόματα INT: you evil being know [how] gifts _____________________________________ ὄντι - "____" + "____" (to) HE WAS BEING ``` ``` ὄντι (onti) — 4 Occurrences Acts 7:2 V-PP-DMS GRK: ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ INT: of us Abraham being in _____________________________________ ὄντων - OF US ``` ὄντων (ontōn) — 6 Occurrences John 21:11 V-PP-GMP GRK: καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων οὐκ ἐσχίσθη INT: although so many there were not was torn Acts 19:36 V-PP-GNP GRK: ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτων δέον INT: Undeniable therefore being these things necessary Romans 5:6 V-PP-GMP GRK: γὰρ Χριστὸς ὄντων ἡμῶν ἀσθενῶν INT: for Christ being of us without strength _____________________________________ ὄντος - OF ME ``` ὄντος (ontos) — 15 Occurrences Mark 8:1 V-PP-GMS GRK: πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ INT: great [the] crowd being and not _____________________________________ οὖσα - SHE IS BEING ``` ``` οὖσα (ousa) — 6 Occurrences Mark 5:25 V-PP-NFS GRK: καὶ γυνὴ οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει INT: And a woman being with a flux _____________________________________ οὖσαι - SHE [ALL] IS BEING ``` ``` οὖσαι (ousai) — 1 Occurrence Romans 13:1 V-PP-NFP GRK: αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ INT: those moreover exist of God _____________________________________ οὖσαν - "____" SHE IS BEING ``` οὖσαν (ousan) — 6 Occurrences Luke 13:16 V-PP-AFS GRK: θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ οὖσαν ἣν ἔδησεν INT: a daughter of Abraham being whom has bound _____________________________________ οὔσῃ - "____" + "____" (to) SHE IS BEING ``` οὔσῃ (ousē) — 4 Occurrences Luke 2:5 V-PP-DFS GRK: ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ οὔσῃ ἐνκύῳ INT: was betrothed to him she being with child _____________________________________ οὔσης - BEING OF HER ``` οὔσης (ousēs) — 6 Occurrences Mark 11:11 V-PP-GFS GRK: ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας INT: late already being the hour ``` John 4:9 V-PP-GFS GRK: γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος οὔσης οὐ γὰρ INT: a woman Samaritan being not indeed _____________________________________ οὖσιν - "____" + "____" (to) THEY ARE BEING οὖσιν (ousin) — 9 Occurrences Mark 2:26 V-PP-DMP GRK: σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν INT: with him were ``` Acts 16:21 V-PP-DMP GRK: ποιεῖν Ῥωμαίοις οὖσιν INT: to do Romans being ``` Acts 20:34 V-PP-DMP GRK: καὶ τοῖς οὖσιν μετ' ἐμοῦ INT: and to those who were with me _____________________________________ οὐσῶν - OF THE WOMEN (plural) ``` οὐσῶν (ousōn) — 1 Occurrence 1 Thessalonians 2:14 V-PP-GFP GRK: θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ INT: of God which are in

Answer 10

TO BE - I AM From Proto-Hellenic *ehmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with Old English ("eom") (whence English ("I am") Cognates with Latin - ("sum") Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Old Armenian եմ (em), and so on. More at *h₁es- (“to be, exist”). _______________________________________ *h₁es- (imperfective) ("to be") from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) Cognates with εἰμί (“to be”) οὐσία (“essence”) _______________________________________ ``` Original Word: εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist. ``` 1510 eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. "to be") – ("am, is") 1510 (eimí), and its counterparts, (properly) convey "straight-forward" being (existence, i.e. without explicit limits). 1510 /eimí ("is, am") – in the present tense, indicative mood – can be time-inclusive ("omnitemporal," like the Hebrew imperfect tense). Only the context indicates whether the present tense also has "timeless" implications. For example, 1510 (eimí) is aptly used in Christ's great "I am" (ego eimi . . . ) that also include His eternality (self-existent life) as our life, bread, light," etc. See Jn 7:34, 8:58, etc. ``` Example: Jn 14:6: "I am (1510 /eimí) the way, the truth and the life." Here 1510 (eimí) naturally accords with the fact Christ is eternal – meaning "I am (was, will be)." ``` The "I am formula (Gk egō eimi)" harks back to God's only name, "Yahweh" (OT/3068, "the lord") – meaning "He who always was, is, and will be." Compare Jn 8:58 with Ex 3:14. See also Rev 4:8 and 2962 /kýrios ("Lord"). I. εἰμί has the force of a predicate (i. e. is the substantive verb): to be, i. e. ``` Passages in which the idea of the verb preponderates, and some person or thing is said to exist by way of distinction from things non-existent: ἐστιν ὁ Θεός ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν ἐν ἀρχή ἦν ὁ λόγος πρίν Ἀβραάμ γενέσθαι, ἐγώ εἰμί πρό τοῦ τόν κόσμον εἶναι ἦν, καί οὐκ ἐστι καίπερ ἐστιν ``` _____________________________________ ``` ἤμεθα (ēmetha) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: λέγετε Εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς NAS: If we had been [living] in the days INT: you say If we had been in the ``` Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ NAS: of our fathers, we would not have been partners INT: not anyhow we would have been with them partakers. _____________________________________ ᾖ (ē) — 43 Occurrences Matthew 6:4 V-PSA-3S GRK: ὅπως ᾖ σου ἡ INT: so that might be your _____________________________________ ἤμην (ēmēn) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 25:35 V-II-1S GRK: με ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ INT: me a stranger I was and you took in _____________________________________ ἦμεν (ēmen) — 8 Occurrences Acts 11:11 V-II-1P GRK: ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ INT: in which we were sent from _____________________________________ ἦν (ēn) — 315 Occurrences Matthew 7:29 V-II-3S GRK: ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων INT: he was indeed teaching _____________________________________ ἦς (ēs) — 7 Occurrences Matthew 25:21 V-II-2S GRK: ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός ἐπὶ INT: over a few things you were faithful over _____________________________________ ἦσαν (ēsan) — 95 Occurrences Matthew 4:18 V-II-3P GRK: τὴν θάλασσαν ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς INT: the sea they were indeed fishermen _____________________________________ ἦσθα (ēstha) — 2 Occurrences Matthew 26:69 V-II-2S GRK: Καὶ σὺ ἦσθα μετὰ Ἰησοῦ INT: Also you were with Jesus _____________________________________ ἦτε (ēte) — 19 Occurrences John 9:41 V-II-2P GRK: Εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε οὐκ ἂν INT: If blind you [all] were not anyhow John 14:3 V-PSA-2P GRK: καὶ ὑμεῖς ἦτε INT: also you [all] might be _____________________________________ ἤτω (ētō) — 2 Occurrences 1 Corinthians 16:22 V-PM-3S GRK: τὸν κύριον ἤτω ἀνάθεμα μαρανα INT: the Lord let him be accursed Maran James 5:12 V-PM-3S GRK: τινὰ ὅρκον ἤτω δὲ ὑμῶν INT: any oath let be however of you _____________________________________ εἴη (eiē) — 12 Occurrences Luke 1:29 V-PO-3S GRK: διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς INT: was pondering of what kind might be the salutation _____________________________________ εἰμὶ (eimi) — 141 Occurrences Matthew 3:11 V-PI-1S GRK: οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ INT: of whom not I am fit the _____________________________________ εἶναι (einai) — 126 Occurrences Matthew 16:13 V-PN GRK: οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν INT: men to be the Son _____________________________________ εἰσίν (eisin) — 159 Occurrences Matthew 2:18 V-PI-3P GRK: ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν INT: because no more are they (they are) _____________________________________ ἔσῃ (esē) — 8 Occurrences Luke 1:20 V-FI-2S GRK: καὶ ἰδοὺ ἔσῃ σιωπῶν καὶ INT: and Behold you will be silent and _____________________________________ ἔσεσθαι (esesthai) — 4 Occurrences Acts 11:28 V-FN GRK: μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφ' ὅλην INT: great is about to be over all Acts 23:30 V-FN GRK: τὸν ἄνδρα ἔσεσθαι ἐξαυτῆς ἔπεμψα INT: the man to be [carried out] at once I sent [him] _____________________________________ ἐσμεν (esmen) — 52 Occurrences Mark 5:9 V-PI-1P GRK: ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν INT: because many we are (are we) _____________________________________ ἔσομαι (esomai) — 13 Occurrences Matthew 17:17 V-FI-1S GRK: μεθ' ὑμῶν ἔσομαι ἕως πότε INT: with you will I be how long when _____________________________________ ``` ἐσόμενον (esomenon) — 1 Occurrence Luke 22:49 V-FP-ANS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ ἐσόμενον εἶπαν Κύριε INT: him what was about to happen said Lord _____________________________________ ``` ``` ἐσόμεθα (esometha) — 4 Occurrences Romans 6:5 V-FI-1P GRK: τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα INT: of the resurrection we will be _____________________________________ ``` ἔσονται (esontai) — 33 Occurrences Matthew 12:27 V-FI-3P GRK: αὐτοὶ κριταὶ ἔσονται ὑμῶν INT: they judges will be of you Matthew 19:5 V-FI-3P GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο INT: of him and will become the two _____________________________________ ἔσται (estai) — 119 Occurrences Matthew 5:21 V-FI-3S GRK: φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: shall murder liable will be to the judgment Matthew 5:22 V-FI-3S GRK: αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: of him liable will be to the judgment _____________________________________ ἐστε (este) — 93 Occurrences Matthew 5:11 V-PI-2P GRK: μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν INT: Blessed are you [all] when they shall insult Matthew 5:13 V-PI-2P GRK: Ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ τὸ ἅλας INT: You [all] are the salt _____________________________________ ``` ἐστί (esti) — 1 Occurrence Acts 18:10 V-PI-3S GRK: διότι λαός ἐστί μοι πολὺς INT: because people there is to me much _____________________________________ ``` ἐστιν (estin) — 903 Occurrences Matthew 1:20 V-PI-3S GRK: ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου INT: from [the] Spirit is Holy Matthew 1:23 V-PI-3S GRK: Ἐμμανουήλ ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Μεθ' INT: Immanuel which is translated With _____________________________________ ἔστω (estō) — 12 Occurrences Matthew 5:37 V-PM-3S GRK: ἔστω δὲ ὁ INT: let it be moreover the Matthew 18:17 V-PM-3S GRK: ἐκκλησίας παρακούσῃ ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ INT: church he fail to listen to let him be to you as ἔστω - LET IT BE ``` Acts 1:20 V-PM-3S GRK: καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν INT: and not let there be [one person] dwelling _____________________________________ Ἔστωσαν - LET US BE ``` Ἔστωσαν (Estōsan) — 2 Occurrences Luke 12:35 V-PM-3P GRK: Ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ INT: Let us be your ``` 1 Timothy 3:12 V-PM-3P GRK: διάκονοι ἔστωσαν μιᾶς γυναικὸς INT: Those who serve let us be of one wife _____________________________________ ἴσθι - YOU BE ``` ἴσθι (isthi) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 2:13 V-PM-2S GRK: Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως INT: Egypt and you remain there until Matthew 5:25 V-PM-2S GRK: ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ INT: You Be agreeing with Mark 5:34 V-PM-2S GRK: εἰρήνην καὶ ἴσθι ὑγιὴς ἀπὸ INT: peace and you be sound from ``` Luke 19:17 V-PM-2S GRK: πιστὸς ἐγένου ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων INT: faithful you were be you authority having _____________________________________ ὦ - I MIGHT BE ``` ``` ὦ (ō) — 2 Occurrences John 9:5 V-PSA-1S GRK: τῷ κόσμῳ ὦ φῶς εἰμὶ NAS: While I am in the world, I am KJV: the world, I am the light INT: the world I might be [the] light I am ``` Philippians 2:28 V-PSA-1S GRK: κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ INT: and I less anxious might be _____________________________________ ὦμεν - WE SHOULD BE ὦμεν (ōmen) — 3 Occurrences 2 Corinthians 1:9 V-PSA-1P GRK: μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς INT: not be trusting we should be in self 2 Corinthians 13:7 V-PSA-1P GRK: ὡς ἀδόκιμοι ὦμεν INT: as rejected be Ephesians 4:14 V-PSA-1P GRK: ἵνα μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι κλυδωνιζόμενοι INT: that no longer we might be infants being tossed _____________________________________ ὢν - IT IS BEING ``` ὢν (ōn) — 45 Occurrences Matthew 1:19 V-PP-NMS GRK: αὐτῆς δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ INT: of her righteous being and not _____________________________________ ὦσιν - THEY MIGHT BE ``` ``` ὦσιν (ōsin) — 11 Occurrences Mark 3:14 V-PSA-3P GRK: ὠνόμασεν ἵνα ὦσιν μετ' αὐτοῦ INT: he calls that they might be with him _____________________________________ ὂν - IT IS BEING "____" ``` ``` ὂν (on) — 1 Occurrence Mark 4:31 V-PP-NNS GRK: γῆς μικρότερον ὂν πάντων τῶν INT: earth smallest is of all the _____________________________________ ὄντα - "____" HE IS BEING ὄντα (onta) — 19 Occurrences Matthew 6:30 V-PP-AMS GRK: ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα καὶ αὔριον INT: field today which is and tomorrow ``` Luke 12:28 V-PP-AMS GRK: τὸν χόρτον ὄντα σήμερον καὶ INT: the grass which is [here] today and Luke 22:3 V-PP-AMS GRK: καλούμενον Ἰσκαριώτην ὄντα ἐκ τοῦ INT: is called Iscariot being of the ``` Luke 23:7 V-PP-AMS GRK: πρὸς Ἡρῴδην ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν INT: to Herod being also himself _____________________________________ ὄντας - "____" THEY WERE BEING ὄντας (ontas) — 11 Occurrences Acts 9:2 V-PP-AMP GRK: τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντας ἄνδρας τε INT: of the way being men both _____________________________________ ὄντες - THEY WERE BEING "____" ``` ``` ὄντες (ontes) — 26 Occurrences Matthew 7:11 V-PP-NMP GRK: ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε δόματα INT: you evil being know [how] gifts _____________________________________ ὄντι - "____" + "____" (to) HE WAS BEING ``` ``` ὄντι (onti) — 4 Occurrences Acts 7:2 V-PP-DMS GRK: ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ INT: of us Abraham being in _____________________________________ ὄντων - OF US ``` ὄντων (ontōn) — 6 Occurrences John 21:11 V-PP-GMP GRK: καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων οὐκ ἐσχίσθη INT: although so many there were not was torn Acts 19:36 V-PP-GNP GRK: ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτων δέον INT: Undeniable therefore being these things necessary Romans 5:6 V-PP-GMP GRK: γὰρ Χριστὸς ὄντων ἡμῶν ἀσθενῶν INT: for Christ being of us without strength _____________________________________ ὄντος - OF ME ``` ὄντος (ontos) — 15 Occurrences Mark 8:1 V-PP-GMS GRK: πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ INT: great [the] crowd being and not _____________________________________ οὖσα - SHE IS BEING ``` ``` οὖσα (ousa) — 6 Occurrences Mark 5:25 V-PP-NFS GRK: καὶ γυνὴ οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει INT: And a woman being with a flux _____________________________________ οὖσαι - SHE [ALL] IS BEING ``` ``` οὖσαι (ousai) — 1 Occurrence Romans 13:1 V-PP-NFP GRK: αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ INT: those moreover exist of God _____________________________________ οὖσαν - "____" SHE IS BEING ``` οὖσαν (ousan) — 6 Occurrences Luke 13:16 V-PP-AFS GRK: θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ οὖσαν ἣν ἔδησεν INT: a daughter of Abraham being whom has bound _____________________________________ οὔσῃ - "____" + "____" (to) SHE IS BEING ``` οὔσῃ (ousē) — 4 Occurrences Luke 2:5 V-PP-DFS GRK: ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ οὔσῃ ἐνκύῳ INT: was betrothed to him she being with child _____________________________________ οὔσης - BEING OF HER ``` οὔσης (ousēs) — 6 Occurrences Mark 11:11 V-PP-GFS GRK: ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας INT: late already being the hour ``` John 4:9 V-PP-GFS GRK: γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος οὔσης οὐ γὰρ INT: a woman Samaritan being not indeed _____________________________________ οὖσιν - "____" + "____" (to) THEY ARE BEING οὖσιν (ousin) — 9 Occurrences Mark 2:26 V-PP-DMP GRK: σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν INT: with him were ``` Acts 16:21 V-PP-DMP GRK: ποιεῖν Ῥωμαίοις οὖσιν INT: to do Romans being ``` Acts 20:34 V-PP-DMP GRK: καὶ τοῖς οὖσιν μετ' ἐμοῦ INT: and to those who were with me _____________________________________ οὐσῶν - OF THE WOMEN (plural) ``` οὐσῶν (ousōn) — 1 Occurrence 1 Thessalonians 2:14 V-PP-GFP GRK: θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ INT: of God which are in

Answer 11

ESSENCE οὐσίᾱ • (ousíā) f (genitive οὐσίᾱς); first declension ▼ that which is one's own, one's substance, one own properties. ▼ (philosophy) Synonym of φύσις (nature) ▼ stable being, immutable reality. substance, essence. ▼true nature of that which is a member of a kind. ▼ the possession of such a nature, substantiality. ▼ (in the concrete) the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature. ▼(logic) substance as the leading category. (various uses after Plato and Aristotle) 1. Pythagorean name for I. 2. name of a plaster. 3. a fire-resisting substance. 4. in magic) a material thing by which a connection is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent. From ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “to be”), + -ίᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix). ὤν • (ṓn) Participle present participle of εἰμί (eimí) ("actual, real") ἐών • (eṓn) Participle Epic form of ὤν (ṓn): present participle of εἰμί. from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts, present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”). *h₁sónts Participle active participle of *h₁ésti Albanian: gjë (“thing”) Germanic: *sanþaz (“real, true”) _______________________________________ LATIN ``` Latin - praesēns (genitive praesentis); third-declension one-termination adjective Adjective present immediate at hand existing prompt propitious (grammar) present ``` From praesum (present infinitive praeesse, perfect active praefuī, future participle praefutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle I am before something I preside or rule over I lead, take the lead I command, have command, be in command of, have charge of, be in charge of. ``` From prae- +‎ sum From prae (“before”). prae- Prefix ("before; in front, in charge") ``` Latin - ("sum") present infinitive - esse perfect active - fuī future participle - futūrus irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle (copulative) ("to be, exist, have") Civis romanus sum. ― I am a Roman citizen. Sum sine regno. ― I am without a kingdom. Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse. ― He said that two things had abashed him. Mihi est multum tempus. ― I have a lot of time. (lit. A lot of time is to me.) ________________________________________ OLD ENGLISH Old English - (" sōþ ") "true, real" From Middle English "sooth" (“true, a fact”). From Proto-Germanic *sanþaz. Cognate with Old Saxon sōð Old Norse sannr, saðr. Compare also *sundī (“guilt, misdeed”) _________________________________ SANSKRIT Sanskrit सत् (sát, “being, essence, reality”) ``` सत् • (sát) Participle present participle of अस् (as); being, existing, occurring, happening, being present quotations ▼ (with locative) abiding in. (with genitive) belonging to. living lasting, enduring real, actual, as any one or anything ought to be, true, good, right Noun[edit] सत् • (sát) m ``` a being; (in the plural) beings, creatures. a good or wise man, a sage quotations ▼ good or honest or wise or respectable people. सत् • (sat) n Noun entity or existence, essence that which is good or real or true, reality, truth. From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsánts, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsánts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts (“being”, present participle of *h₁es-). Cognate with Hittite 𒀀𒊭𒀀𒀭𒍝 (ašānz(a)), Ancient Greek ὤν (ṓn), Latin prae-sēns (“present”), Old English sōþ.

Answer 12

NATURE - GROW - PROPERTIES φῠ́ω • (phúō) Verb (transitive) To bring forth, produce, generate, cause to grow (transitive) To beget, bear, give birth to (intransitive) To grow, arise, spring up (intransitive, present tense) to become [+adjective] (intransitive, aorist and perfect) (copulative) To be by nature [+adjective] (intransitive) To be naturally disposed to, prone [+infinitive = to do] (impersonal) It is natural, happens naturally [+infinitive = that ...] to be one's natural lot [+dative = someone's] From Proto-Hellenic *pʰúyō from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHyéti from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”). *bʰuH- (perfective) ("to become, grow, appear") *bʰuHyéti (imperfective) Verb ("to be becoming, to be growing, to be appearing") *(Ø)-yéti Creates intransitive, often deponent, imperfective verbs from roots. _____________________________________ φύση • (fýsi) f (plural φύσεις) ("nature") From φῠ́ω (“grow”) +‎ -σῐς (process result noun). -σῐς • Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. ______________________________________ LATIN fīō - (passive) I am made. faciō - (active) I make, I do. fīō (present infinitive fierī, perfect active factus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent (copulative) I become, am made Vos oramus ut discipuli acerrimi fiatis. We are begging you so that you may become very keen students. I happen I take place. The past participle is that of the unrelated verb faciō (“I make, do”). In Latin faciō and fīō were treated as the active and passive equivalents of each other, leading to suppletion. faciō (present infinitive facere, perfect active fēcī, supine factum); third conjugation iō-variant, irregular passive voice I do. Quid feci? What have I done? Latrocinium modo factum est. (special usage; passive perfect = took place, lit. has been made/ is done) A robbery just took place. Factum est. (It) is done. I make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect I make, produce, compose. I appoint. From Proto-Italic *fuiō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Compare with fuī, originally the perfect of this verb but now attached to sum (“I am”); and constructions with -bō, -bam (e.g. amābō, placēbō, nocēbō, monēbam, audiēbam). Latin - ("sum") (present infinitive esse, perfect active fuī, future participle futūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle Latin - ("sum") (copulative) to be, exist, have [+dative] Civis romanus sum. ― I am a Roman citizen. Sum sine regno. ― I am without a kingdom. Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse. ― He said that two things had abashed him. Mihi est multum tempus. ― I have a lot of time. (lit. A lot of time is to me.) (Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). *h₁ésmi Verb first-person singular present indicative of *h₁ésti *eǵHóm h₁ésmi. ― ("I am") _______________________________________ OLD ENGLISH ``` bēon ("to be; exist, to become") From Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be”), related to Old English būan (“to dwell”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bʰuH-. The past tense forms are from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (from which also wesan), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-. Old English - būan Verb ("To build") - ("to live or dwell") He būde on Ēast-Englum: he lived with the East Angles. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) to inhabit, to occupy Ne mæg mon meduseld būan: a man may not occupy the mead-bench, (Beowulf) *būaną Verb ("to dwell, to reside") *bʰúHt (perfective) Verb ("to become") _____________________________________

Answer 13

PRESENT (moment) LATIN ``` Latin - praesēns (genitive praesentis); third-declension one-termination adjective Adjective present immediate at hand existing prompt propitious (grammar) present ``` From praesum (present infinitive praeesse, perfect active praefuī, future participle praefutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle I am before something I preside or rule over I lead, take the lead I command, have command, be in command of, have charge of, be in charge of. ``` From prae- +‎ sum From prae (“before”). prae- Prefix ("before; in front, in charge") ``` Latin - ("sum") present infinitive - esse perfect active - fuī future participle - futūrus irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle (copulative) ("to be, exist, have") Civis romanus sum. ― I am a Roman citizen. Sum sine regno. ― I am without a kingdom. Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse. ― He said that two things had abashed him. Mihi est multum tempus. ― I have a lot of time. (lit. A lot of time is to me.)

Answer 14

THIS-NESS "Haecceity" (/hɛkˈsiːɪti, hiːk-/; from the Latin haecceitas, which translates as "thisness") is a term from medieval scholastic philosophy, first coined by followers of Duns Scotus to denote a concept that he seems to have originated: the discrete qualities, properties or characteristics of a thing that make it a particular thing. Haecceity is a person's or object's thisness, the individualising difference between the concept "a man" and the concept "Socrates" (i.e., a specific person).[1]

Answer 15

BEING ὢν , being V-PPA-NMS

Answer 16

BEING οὔσης ? being V-PPA-GFS

Answer 17

WILL BECOME γενήσεται will become V-FIM-3S

Answer 18

THERE IS IS THERE? TO BEGIN TO EXIST - BE - LIVE υπάρχει εστιατόριο εδώ κοντά; There is a restaurant here near? ______________________________ ``` ῠ̔́πᾰρξῐς • (húparxis) f (genitive ῠ̔πᾰ́ρξεως); third declension Noun ("existence, reality") (logic) existence (grammar) substantive (mathematics) positive term substance ``` From Ancient Greek ὑπάρχω (“to begin, to exist”) υπάρχω • (ypárcho) (simple past υπήρξα) ("exist, be, live") From ῠ̔πο- (“under”) +‎ ᾰ̓́ρχω (“to begin”) ἄρχω • (árkhō) Noun (transitive) To begin [+genitive = something, from something, with something] (transitive) To lead, rule, govern, command [+genitive = someone]; [+dative = someone] (intransitive) To be ruler; to hold an archonship. ________________________________________ ῠ̔πᾰ́ρχω • (hupárkhō) Noun to begin, make a beginning, take initiative, be first (transitive) to make a beginning of, begin (with genitive) (with accusative) (intransitive) be the beginner, be first, do without. provocation. to do something first. (with participle) (Koine, middle, with infinitive) (passive) (only in active) to begin to be, to come into being, arise, spring up. to be in existence, to be there, to be ready. to really exist. to be. (with a participle) to be the descendant of. to be laid down, to be taken for granted. to belong to, fall to, accrue. (of persons) to be devoted. (in the logic of Aristotle, denotes the subsistence of qualities in a subject, whether propria or accidentia) (in neuter plural participle, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα) existing circumstances, present advantages. what belongs to one, one's possessions. (impersonal, with infinitive and accusative) the fact is that. it is allowed, it is possible. (in neuter participle) since it is allowed you to. to be ὕπαρχος (húparkhos, “lieutenant”) ________________________________________ Σκέφτομαι, άρα υπάρχω. ― I think, therefore I am. Έντονη ανησυχία υπάρχει για το μέλλον. ― There is great concern for the future. Ο θείος μου υπήρξε πρόεδρος του σωματείου. ― My uncle was association president. Μήπως υπάρχει βιβλιοπωλείο εδώ κοντά; ― Is there a bookshop near here? compare with: είμαι (“to be”) and υφίσταμαι (“to subsist”) ανύπαρκτος (anýparktos, “nonexistent”) ανυπαρξία f (anyparxía, “nonexistence”) αυθύπαρκτος (afthýparktos, “self-contained”) ενυπάρχω (enypárcho, “exist inside”) προϋπάρχω (proÿpárcho, “preexist”) συνυπάρχω (synypárcho, “coexist”) υπαρκτικός (yparktikós, “existential”) υπαρκτός (yparktós, “existing”) ύπαρξη f (ýparxi, “existence”) υπαρξισμός m (yparxismós, “existentialism”) and see: αρχή f (archí, “beginning; authority”) ύπαρξη • (ýparxi) f (plural υπάρξεις) Noun existence (the state of being, existing, or occurring) a creature, a human being; mainly a beautiful girl or woman. συνύπαρξη • (synýparxi) f Noun ("coexistence") υπαρξιακός • (yparxiakós) m (feminine υπαρξιακή, neuter υπαρξιακό) Adjective ("existentialist") υπαρξισμός • (yparxismós) m (uncountable) Noun (philosophy) existentialism. From ύπαρξη (“existence”) +‎ -ισμός (“-ism”) -ισμός • (-ismós) m A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine. υπαρξιστής • (yparxistís) m (plural υπαρξιστές) Noun ("existentialist") ___________________________________ Ἀγάθαρχος ἀγαθός (“good”) +‎ ἀρχός (“ruler”) ``` ᾰ̓γᾰθός • (agathós) m (feminine ᾰ̓γᾰθή, neuter ᾰ̓γᾰθόν); first/second declension Noun good, brave, noble, moral fortunate, lucky useful. ``` Ᾰ̓γᾰθή • (Agathḗ) f (genitive Ᾰ̓γᾰθῆς); first declension Feminine proper noun A female given name, equivalent to English Agatha. Ἀγαθοκλῆς • (Agathoklês) m (genitive Ἀγαθοκλέους); third declension Proper noun A male given name, equivalent to English Agathocles. From ἀγαθός (“good”) +‎ -κλῆς (“fame”). From κλέος (“fame”) +‎ -ης (proper nouns) κλέος • (kléos) n (genitive *κλέεος); third declension Noun rumour, report good report, fame, glory (rare) bad report, disrepute. ἀγαθοποιέω • (agathopoiéō) (Koine) Verb (transitive, intransitive) I do good to, am helpful to; I benefit (intransitive) I act morally or dutifully. From ἀγαθός (“good”) +‎ ποιέω (“I do”). Ἀγάθων From ἀγαθός (“good”) +‎ -ων (-ōn). Ἀγάθων • (Agáthōn) m (genitive Ἀγάθωνος); third declension A male given name, equivalent to English Agathon. ἀγαθωσύνη • (agathōsúnē) f (genitive ἀγαθωσύνης); first declension Noun goodness, kindness. From ἀγαθός (“good”) +‎ -σύνη (abstract noun suffix) ___________________________________ SUFFIX -ων • (-ōn) m or f (neuter -ον); third declension Added to adjective stems to form comparative forms. -ων • (-ōn) Genitive plural of second- and third-declension nouns and adjectives not accented on the ultima Masculine and neuter genitive plural of first- and second-declension not accented on the ultima -ων • (-ōn) Suffix Masculine singular of present, future, and second aorist active participles. From Proto-Indo-European *-onts. *(é)-onts Forms adjectives from Caland system roots. -ῑ́ων • (-ī́ōn) m or f (genitive -ῑ́ωνος or -ῑ́ονος); third declension (chiefly Epic) Suffix added to father's name that forms masculine patronymic, meaning "son of". -ῑ́ων • (-ī́ōn) m or f (neuter -ῑον); third declension Suffix added to some adjectival stems to form a comparative adjective: (" -er") ___________________________________ SUFFIX -σῠ́νη • (-súnē) m (genitive -σῠ́νης); first declension Forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns ‎δῐ́καιος (díkaios, “just”) + ‎-σῠ́νη (-súnē) → ‎δῐκαιοσύνη (dikaiosúnē, “justice”) ‎μᾰ́ντις (mántis, “diviner”) + ‎-οσῠ́νη (-osúnē) → ‎μαντοσύνη (mantosúnē, “divination”) ‎μνήμων (mnḗmōn, “remembering”) + ‎-οσῠ́νη (-osúnē) → ‎μνημοσύνη (mnēmosúnē, “memory”) ‎σώφρων (sṓphrōn, “prudent”) + ‎-σῠ́νη (-súnē) → ‎σωφροσύνη (sōphrosúnē, “prudence”) -σύνη • (-sýni) f Suffix Added to adjectives to form abstract feminine nouns. ‎αγράμματος (“illiterate”) + ‎-σύνη → ‎αγραμματοσύνη (“illiteracy”) ``` Derived terms Ancient Greek words suffixed with -σύνη ᾰ̓φροσῠ́νη (aphrosúnē) δῐκαιοσῠ́νη (dikaiosúnē) δουλοσῠ́νη (doulosúnē) ῐ̓ερωσῠ́νη (ierōsúnē) μᾰντοσῠ́νη (mantosúnē) μεγᾰλοφροσῠ́νη (megalophrosúnē) ``` Formerly the feminine gender of adjective -συνος (-sunos) from Proto-Indo-European *-tunos from *-tus + *-nós. *(é)-tus m Derives action nouns from verb roots. *(Ø)-nós Creates verbal adjectives from roots. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ δοῦλος δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (feminine δούλη, neuter δοῦλον); first/second declension (Attic, Ionic) Adjective ("slavish, servile, subject") δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (genitive δούλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) Noun ("born slave or bondman") δουλόω • (doulóō) Verb ("to enslave") δοῦλος (“slave”) +‎ -όω (cause to become) -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. δούλος • (doúlos) m (plural δούλοι, feminine δούλα or δούλη) Noun slave Synonyms: σκλάβος (sklávos), ανδράποδο (andrápodo) δουλειά f (douleiá, “work”) δουλεία f (douleía, “slavery”) and see: δουλειά f (douleiá, “work”) σκλάβος • (sklávos) m (plural σκλάβοι, feminine σκλάβα) Non slave Synonyms: δούλος (doúlos), ανδράποδο (andrápodo) σκλάβα f (“female slave”) σκλαβιά f (“slavery”) αγορά f ("market") παζάρεμα n ("haggling") παζάρεμα • (pazárema) n (plural παζαρέματα) ("haggling, bargaining, negotiation over price") σκλαβοπάζαρο n (“slave market”) σκλαβοπάζαρο • (sklavopázaro) n (plural σκλαβοπάζαρα) ("slave market") From σκλάβος (“slave”) +‎ παζάρι (“market”). παζάρι • (pazári) n (plural παζάρια) an open market (organised, often periodic, trading event); fair; bazaar market place negotiation, haggling, bargaining. from Persian بازار‎ (bâzâr)، ultimately from Middle Persian wʾčʾl (wāzār, “market”) αγορά • (agorá) f (plural αγορές) (historical) agora, the ancient square or marketplace, the centre of public life. ``` πώληση • (pólisi) f (plural πωλήσεις) Noun (business) sale, sales πωλήσιμος (polísimos, “saleable”) πωλώ (poló, “to sell”) πουλώ (pouló, “to sell”) ``` αγορα- (agora-, suffix) αγοράζω (agorázo, “to buy”) αγόρευση f (agórefsi, “speech, oration”) αγορεύω (agorévo, “to make a speech”) αγορητής m (agoritís, “orator”) αγορήτρια f (agorítria, “orator”) αγοραίο n (agoraío, “taxi”) αγοραίος (agoraíos, “market, for hire, low class”) αγορανομία f (agoranomía, “market inspectorate”) αγορανομικός (agoranomikós, “market, market price”, adj) αγορανομία f (agoranomía, “market regulations”) αγορανόμος m (agoranómos, “market inspector”) αγοραπωλησία f (agorapolisía, “the transaction of a sale”) αγοραστής m (agorastís, “purchaser”) αγοράστρια f (agorástria, “purchaser”) αγοραστικός (agorastikós, “buying, purchasing”) αγοραστός (agorastós, “off-the-peg”) αγοραφοβία (agorafovía, “agoraphobia”) αγοραφοβικός (agorafovikós, “agoraphobic”) λαϊκή αγορά (laïkí agorá, “flea market”) μαύρη αγορά (mávri agorá, “black market”) _________________________ ``` SUFFIX Recent additions to the category χολόω κυρόω δηλόω τυφόω στραγγαλόομαι ἀμαυρόω βιόω σημειόω ὀρθόω καινόω Oldest pages ordered by last edit μορφόω ὁμοιόω κυκλόω ἱδρόω ζηλόω ναρκόω κοινόω ἀλλοιόω θειόω πληρόω ```

Answer 19

SUBSIST - UNDERGO υφίσταμαι • (yfístamai) deponent (simple past υπέστην, υπόστηκα) suffer, undergo (only in imperfective tenses) exist

Answer 20

DERIVE derive (v.) late 14c., "descend from," from Old French deriver "to flow, pour out; derive, originate," from Latin derivare "to lead or draw off (a stream of water) from its source" (in Late Latin also "to derive"), from phrase de rivo (de "from" + rivus "stream," from PIE root *rei- "to run, flow"). From c. 1500 as "obtain by a process of reasoning." In reference to words, "arise by a process of word-formation," 1550s; meaning "trace or show derivation" is from c. 1600. General sense of "get, gain, obtain" (as from a source or origin) is from 1560s; that of "arise, spring" (from) a source or origin is from 1660s. Related: Derived; deriving. *rei- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to flow, run." It forms all or part of: derive; ember-days; rennet (n.1); Rhine; rialto; rill; rio; rival; rivulet; run; runnel. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit rinati "causes to flow," ritih "stream, course;" Latin rivus "stream;" Old Church Slavonic reka "river;" Middle Irish rian "river, way;" Gothic rinnan "run, flow," rinno "brook;" Middle Low German ride "brook;" Old English riþ "stream;" Old English rinnan, Old Norse rinna "to run," Dutch ril "running stream." _________________________________ παράγω • (parágo) (simple past παρήγαγα, passive παράγομαι) Verb ("produce, generate") παράγω (parágo, “to generate, to produce”) From Ancient Greek παράγω (parágō). Morphologically παρ- (par-) +‎ άγω (ágo). ``` αναπαράγω • (anaparágo) (simple past αναπαρήγαγα, passive αναπαράγομαι) Verb reproduce (offspring) reproduce, duplicate (image,etc) reproduce (performance, music) ``` αναπαραγωγή f (anaparagogí, “reproduction”) αναπαραγωγικός (anaparagogikós, “reproductive”, adjective) παράγω (parágo, “to generate, to produce”) αναπαραγωγή • (anaparagogí) f (plural αναπαραγωγές) Noun (biology) biological reproduction (typography) typographical reproduction (media) reproduction by video, film, etc. αναπαραγωγικός • (anaparagogikós) m (feminine αναπαραγωγική, neuter αναπαραγωγικό) Adjective ("reproductive") αναπαραγωγικό όργανο n (“reproductive organ, sex organ”) αναπαραγωγικό σύστημα n (“reproductive system”) _________________________________ ``` αντλώ • (antló) άντλησα - simple past αντλούμαι - passive Verb ("pump, draw off liquid)") ("draw, find, conclude, facts from research; conclusions") ``` αντλώ (antló, “to draw off, to pump”) αδειάζω (verb, “to empty, to decant”) ____________________________________ ``` αδειάζω • (adeiázo) άδειασα - simple past (passive) Verb αδειάζω (adeiázo, “to empty, to clear out”) ``` (transitive) clear out, pour out, decant, unload Αδειάστε το περιεχόμενο στην κατσαρόλα ― Empty contents into the pan. (intransitive) to be empty Το σχολείο αδειάζει το καλοκαίρι· τα παιδιά πάνε διακοπές. The school is empty in the summer; the children are on vacation. (colloquial) be available - Έλα να με βοηθήσεις. -Δεν αδειάζω, έχω πολλή δουλειά - Éla na me voïthíseis. - - Come help me! -I am not free, I have too much work [to do]. άδειος (ádeios, “vacant, empty”) αδειανός (adeianós, “vacant, empty”) άδειασμα n (ádeiasma, “emptying”) άδειος • (ádeios) m (feminine άδεια, neuter άδειο) Adjective empty Το κουτί είναι άδειο. ― The box is empty. ________________________________ κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενό) Adjective ("empty, free, vacant") κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενόν); first/second declension ("empty") Antonyms: μεστός (mestós), πλήρης (plḗrēs) vain, fruitless ("exhausted, void, destitute") ________________________________ κουφιοκέφαλος • (koufiokéfalos) m (feminine κουφιοκέφαλη, neuter κουφιοκέφαλο) Adjective ("empty-headed") κούφιος (koúfios, “hollow, rotten”) άδειος (ádeios, “empty”) κούφιος • (koúfios) m (feminine κούφια, neuter κούφιο) Adjective ("hollow, rotten, decayed") κοίλος • (koílos) m (feminine κοίλη, neuter κοίλο) Adjective concave, hollow ``` κοῖλος • (koîlos) m (feminine κοίλη, neuter κοῖλον); first/second declension Adjective hollow, mostly as an epithet of ships (κοίλη ναῦς) the hollow or hold of a ship roomy empty (of places) lying in a hollow, or forming a hollow lying between cliffs sea swell plate (figuratively, of the voice) hollow (neuter substantive) a hollow, cavity (in the plural) flanks concave Antonym: κυρτός (kurtós) ``` ____________________________ κοῦφος • (koûphos) m (feminine κούφη, neuter κοῦφον); first/second declension Adjective light, not heavy, nimble Synonym: ἐλαφρός (elaphrós) κούφος • (koúfos) m Adjective ("frivolous, foolish, impractical") _____________________________ εξάγω • (exágo) (simple past εξήγαγα) Verb export, smuggle out extract (a tooth) εξαγωγή f (exagogí, “exportation”) διαδίδω (diadído, “to export traditions, ideas, etc”) εξαγόμενο n (exagómeno, “conclusion, result”) εξαγόμενο προϊόν n (exagómeno proïón, “exports, export goods”) ``` εξαγωγή • (exagogí) f (plural εξαγωγές) Noun export, exportation extraction, influence (mathematics) extraction. From Ancient Greek ἐξαγωγή (exagōgḗ). Morphologically εξ- (ex-) +‎ αγωγή (agogí). ``` ``` SUFFIX -αγωγή • (agogí) f (plural αγωγές) Noun education, training, upbringing (medicine) treatment, regimen discipline (law) lawsuit, action. ``` παιδαγωγός m or f (“educator”) σεξουαλική αγωγή f (“sex education”) ‎φυσική αγωγή f (‎“physical education”) (legal): αγώγιμος (agógimos, “actionable”, adj) and see: αγωγός m (agogós, “conductor, pipe”) _______________________________ παιδαγωγός • (paidagogós) m or f (plural παιδαγωγοί) Noun (education) educationalist ("guide, guru") From Ancient Greek παιδαγωγός (“slave with responsibility for a child”). see: δάσκαλος m (dáskalos, “teacher”) for various types of teacher/instructor. αδιαπαιδαγώγητος (adiapaidagógitos, “uneducated”) παιδαγώγηση f (paidagógisi, “erudition, learning”) παιδαγωγία f (paidagogía, “pedagogy”) παιδαγωγικός (paidagogikós, “pedagogic, pedagogical, educational”) παιδαγωγώ (paidagogó, “teach”) παιδεία f (paideía, “education, instruction”) ________________________________ διδάσκαλος • (didáskalos) m (plural διδάσκαλοι, feminine διδασκάλισσα) Noun (education) teacher δάσκαλος • (dáskalos) m (plural δάσκαλοι, feminine δασκάλα) Noun (education) teacher (especially one in a primary school or elementary school) (education) instructor great artist (figuratively) a person who gives advice. Aphetic form of Ancient Greek διδάσκαλος (didáskalos, “teacher”), from διδάσκω (didáskō, “I teach”). διδάσκω • (didáskō) Verb I teach, instruct, train Synonym: παιδεύω (paideúō) δασκάλα f (daskála, “teacher”) διδασκάλισσα f (didaskálissa, “teacher”) εκπαιδευτής m (ekpaideftís, “instructor”) καθηγητής m (kathigitís, “professor, teacher”) καθηγήτρια f (kathigítria, “professor, teacher”) νηπιαγωγός m or f (nipiagogós, “infant school teacher”) αλληλοδιδασκαλία f (allilodidaskalía, “mutual instruction”) δασκάλα f (daskála, “teacher”) δίδαγμα n (dídagma, “lesson”) διδασκαλία f (didaskalía, “the teaching process, instruction”) διδασκαλικός m (didaskalikós, “teacher”) διδασκάλισσα f (didaskálissa, “teacher”) _______________________________ TEACH A CHILD ``` παιδεύω • (paideúō) VERB I raise, bring up a child. I train, teach, educate. I chasten, discipline, punish. From παῖς (“child”) +‎ -εύω (do what teachers do). ``` παιδεύω • (paidévo) (simple past παίδεψα, passive παιδεύομαι) Verb harass, pester, chasten torture (dated) train. From Ancient Greek παιδεύω (“raise; train; chasten”). ``` ἀνᾰπαιδεύω (anapaideúō) ἀντῐπαιδεύω (antipaideúō) ἀπαιδευσίᾱ (apaideusíā) ἐμπαιδεύω (empaideúō) μετᾰπαιδεύω (metapaideúō) παίδευμᾰ (paídeuma) παιδευτής (paideutḗs) παιδευτῐκός (paideutikós) παιδευτός (paideutós) ``` απαιδευσία f (apaidefsía, “uneducation”), απαιδεψιά f (apaidepsiá) (colloquial) απαίδευτος (apaídeftos, “uneducated”) παίδεμα n (paídema, “pestering”) παιδεμός m (paidemós, “pestering”) παίδευση f (paídefsi, “training, education”) παιδευτικός (paideftikós, “educating”) πεπαιδευμένος (pepaidevménos, “educated”, participle) (formal) and see: παιδί n (paidí, “child”) εκπαιδεύω (ekpaidévo, “educate”) παιδαγωγώ (paidagogó, “train, educate”)

Answer 21

BEING οὔσης being V-PPA-GFS

Answer 22

BEING ὢν being V-PPA-NMS ``` Original Word: εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist. HELPS Word-studies 1510 eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. "to be") – am, is. 1510 (eimí), and its counterparts, (properly) convey "straight-forward" being (existence, i.e. without explicit limits). ``` 1510 /eimí ("is, am") – in the present tense, indicative mood – can be time-inclusive ("omnitemporal," like the Hebrew imperfect tense). Only the context indicates whether the present tense also has "timeless" implications. For example, 1510 (eimí) is aptly used in Christ's great "I am" (ego eimi . . . ) that also include His eternality (self-existent life) as our life, bread, light," etc. See Jn 7:34, 8:58, etc. Example: Jn 14:6: "I am (1510 /eimí) the way, the truth and the life." Here 1510 (eimí) naturally accords with the fact Christ is eternal – maning "I am (was, will be)." The "I am formula (Gk egō eimi)" harks back to God's only name, "Yahweh" (OT/3068, "the lord") – meaning "He who always was, is, and will be." Compare Jn 8:58 with Ex 3:14. See also Rev 4:8 and 2962 /kýrios ("Lord") ——————————————————————————- ``` Matthew 1:18 V-II-3S GRK: γένεσις οὕτως ἦν Μνηστευθείσης τῆς INT: birth thus came about having been betrothed the Matthew 1:19 V-PP-NMS GRK: αὐτῆς δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ INT: of her righteous being and not ``` Matthew 1:20 V-PI-3S GRK: ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου INT: from [the] Spirit is Holy Matthew 1:23 V-PI-3S GRK: Ἐμμανουήλ ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Μεθ' INT: Immanuel which is translated With Matthew 2:2 V-PI-3S GRK: λέγοντες Ποῦ ἐστὶν ὁ τεχθεὶς INT: saying Where is the [one] having been born Matthew 2:6 V-PI-2S GRK: οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς INT: in no way least are among the Matthew 2:9 V-II-3S GRK: ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον INT: over where was the child Matthew 2:13 V-PM-2S GRK: Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως INT: Egypt and remain there until Matthew 2:15 V-II-3S GRK: καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἕως INT: and remained there until Matthew 2:18 V-PI-3P GRK: ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν INT: because no more are they Matthew 3:3 V-PI-3S GRK: Οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ῥηθεὶς INT: this indeed is the [one] having been spoken of Matthew 3:4 V-II-3S GRK: δὲ τροφὴ ἦν αὐτοῦ ἀκρίδες INT: and [the] food was of him locusts ``` Matthew 3:11 V-PI-3S GRK: ἰσχυρότερός μου ἐστίν οὗ οὐκ NAS: me is mightier than I, and I am not fit KJV: whose shoes I am not worthy INT: mightier than I is he of whom not ``` Matthew 3:11 V-PI-1S GRK: οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ INT: of whom not I am fit the Matthew 3:15 V-PI-3S GRK: γὰρ πρέπον ἐστὶν ἡμῖν πληρῶσαι INT: indeed fitting it is to us to fulfill Matthew 3:17 V-PI-3S GRK: λέγουσα Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱός INT: saying This is the Son Matthew 4:3 V-PI-2S GRK: Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ INT: If Son you are of God Matthew 4:6 V-PI-2S GRK: Εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ INT: If Son you are of God Matthew 4:18 V-II-3P GRK: τὴν θάλασσαν ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς INT: the sea they were indeed fishermen Matthew 5:3 V-PI-3S GRK: ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία INT: for theirs is the kingdom Matthew 5:10 V-PI-3S GRK: ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία INT: for theirs is the kingdom Matthew 5:11 V-PI-2P GRK: μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν INT: Blessed are you when they shall insult Matthew 5:13 V-PI-2P GRK: Ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ τὸ ἅλας INT: You are the salt Matthew 5:14 V-PI-2P GRK: ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ τὸ φῶς INT: You are the light Matthew 5:21 V-FI-3S GRK: φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: shall murder liable will be to the judgment

Answer 23

SUSTAIN - MAINTAIN - SUPPORT συντηρώ • (syntiró) (simple past συντήρησα) Verb conserve, maintain, preserve, support From συν (together) + τηρώ (uphold) τηρώ Uphold, support, observe, abide by, keep to it... υποστηρίζω From υπο (under) + τηρώ (support) + ίζω (verb) Support, stand for, stand by, patronize, sponsor, help with. sustain (v.) c. 1300, "give support to," from stem of Old French sostenir "hold up, bear; suffer, endure" (13c.), from Latin sustinere "hold up, hold upright; furnish with means of support; bear, undergo, endure," from assimilated form of sub "up from below" (see sub-) + tenere "to hold," from PIE root *ten- "to stretch." Meaning "continue, keep up" (an action, etc.) is from early 14c. Sense of "endure without failing or yielding" is from c. 1400. Related: Sustained; sustaining. ————————————————- υποφέρω ``` "Ipofero" Ipofero. Υποφέρω From Υπο (under) + φέρω (carry, bear) (“I Suffer - carry a burden”) ``` ————————————————- ``` βαστάζω • (bastázō) Verb to lift, lift up, raise (figuratively) to lift up, exalt, ennoble to bear, carry to hold in one's hands to have in mind, consider, weigh, make proof of to carry off, take away to handle, touch ``` βάσταγμᾰ • (bástagma) n (genitive βάσταγμᾰτος); third declension Noun A load to lift up and carry. From βαστάζω (bastázō, “I lift up, I raise”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). βασταγή • (vastagí) f (plural βασταγές) Noun bundle, lump, parcel (of something) sheaf, bale (of straw, etc) αβασταγό n (avastagó, “beast of burdon”) Noun

Answer 24

EXIST - SUBSIST υπάρχω exist, be, subsist υφίσταμαι Exist, to be ——————————————- υπάρχω • (ypárcho) (simple past υπήρξα) Verb exist, be, live Σκέφτομαι, άρα υπάρχω. ― Skéftomai, ára ypárcho. ― I think, therefore I am. Έντονη ανησυχία υπάρχει για το μέλλον. ― Éntoni anisychía ypárchei gia to méllon. ― There is great concern for the future. Ο θείος μου υπήρξε πρόεδρος του σωματείου. ― O theíos mou ypírxe próedros tou somateíou. ― My uncle was association president. Μήπως υπάρχει βιβλιοπωλείο εδώ κοντά; ― Mípos ypárchei vivliopoleío edó kontá? ― Is there a bookshop near here? compare with: είμαι (eímai, “to be”) and υφίσταμαι (yfístamai, “to subsist”) ——————————————— υφίσταμαι • (yfístamai) deponent (simple past υπέστην, υπόστηκα) Verb suffer, undergo (only in imperfective tenses) exist υπάρχω (ypárcho, “to be”) From υπό (under) + άρχω (to begin, to rule) ἄρχω • (árkhō) (transitive) To begin [+genitive = something, from something, with something] (transitive) To lead, rule, govern, command [+genitive = someone]; [+dative = someone] (intransitive) To be ruler; to hold an archonship From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- (“to begin, rule, command”) ——————————————— ανύπαρκτος (anýparktos, “nonexistent”) ανυπαρξία f (anyparxía, “nonexistence”) αυθύπαρκτος (afthýparktos, “self-contained”) ενυπάρχω (enypárcho, “exist inside”) προϋπάρχω (proÿpárcho, “preexist”) συνυπάρχω (synypárcho, “coexist”) υπαρκτικός (yparktikós, “existential”) υπαρκτός (yparktós, “existing”) ύπαρξη f (ýparxi, “existence”) υπαρξισμός m (yparxismós, “existentialism”) and see: αρχή f (archí, “beginning; authority”) From Ancient Greek ὑπάρχω (hupárkhō, “to begin, to exist”) From ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ ᾰ̓́ρχω (árkhō, “to begin”) ἄρχω • (árkhō) Verb (transitive) To begin [+genitive = something, from something, with something] (transitive) To lead, rule, govern, command [+genitive = someone]; [+dative = someone] (intransitive) To be ruler; to hold an archonship. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ergʰ- (“to begin, rule, command”) ἄργμᾰ • (árgma) n (genitive ἄργμᾰτος); third declension Noun (‘The firstlings at a feast or sacrifice”) From ἄρχω (árkhō, “I begin”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). ``` firstling (plural firstlings) Noun The first produce or result, notably firstborn offspring. The first of a class or kind. The thing first thought or done. ``` firstling Adjective ``` Suffix -ling small, immature, miniature follower or resident. -ling An adverbial suffix denoting manner, direction or position. -ling adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position hinderling ― backwards ``` Firstborn.

Answer 25

LIFE - LIVE - ALIVE ζω • (zo) (simple past έζησα) (most senses) live Ζει πιά ο κύριος Παναγιώτης; ― Is Mr Panagiotis still alive? Ζούσα τότε στη Γερμανία.― I lived then in Germany. (figuratively) live on, endure (continue to exist) Η μνήμη του θα ζει για πάντα στις καρδιές μας. ― I mními tou tha zei gia pánta stis kardiés mas. ― His memory will live on in our hearts. (transitive, figuratively) support, sustain (financially) Με τέτοιο μισθό, πώς να ζήσει την οικογένειά του; ― With such a salary, how can he support his family? ζώω • (zṓō) Epic and Ionic form of ζάω (záō, “to live”) ``` ζάω • (záō) Verb To live, I live ζάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: zaó Phonetic Spelling: (dzah'-o) Definition: to live Usage: I live, am alive. ``` ``` ζωή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: zóé Phonetic Spelling: (dzo-ay') Definition: life Usage: life, both of physical (present) and of spiritual (particularly future) existence. HELPS Word-studies 2222 zōḗ – life (physical and spiritual). All life (2222 /zōḗ), throughout the universe, is derived – i.e. it always (only) comes from and is sustained by God's self-existent life. The Lord intimately shares His gift of life with people, creating each in His image which gives all the capacity to know His eternal life. ``` —————————————————- γεια (“Hello - health - cheers”) From Ancient Greek ὑγίεια (hugíeia, “health”) ``` Pronunciation IPA(key): /ʝa/ Interjection γεια • (geia) hi, hello bye cheers, your health bravo Alternative form of υγεία (ygeía) (health) Related terms[edit] γεια σου (geia sou, “hello, goodbye”) (singular, informal) γεια σας (geia sas, “hello, goodbye”) (plural, formal form) ``` Γειά υγεία • (ygeía) f (plural υγείες) health Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας ― Ethnikó Sýstima Ygeías ― National Health Service From proto-I do-European *gʷíh₃weti (imperfective) Verb to live, to be alive Proto-Indo-European Root *gʷeyh₃- Cognates Ancient Greek: ὑγιής (hugiḗs) to live ὑγιής • (hugiḗs) m or f (neuter ὑγιές); third declension Adjective sound, healthy, hearty, strong sound in mind: wise, wholesome. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”) or Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-gʷih₃- (“good life”) with -ής (-ḗs, “adjective suffix”). iūgis (neuter iūge, adverb iūgiter); third-declension two-termination adjective Adjective continual, perpetual (especially of flowing water) From a Proto-Indo-European compound *h₂eyu-gʷih₃- (“long life”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy”) ``` iūgiter (comparative iūgius, superlative iūgissimē) Adverb continually, perpetually immediately, instantly (continually): iūgē ``` Inflected form of iugum (“yoke”) iugum n (genitive iugī); second declension Noun yoke (for oxen) or collar (for a horse) (by extension) a team of oxen beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post a makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to pass in humiliation Libra (constellation) rower's bench summit or ridge of a mountain (figuratively) bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.) From iugum (“yoke”). iugō (present infinitive iugāre, perfect active iugāvī, supine iugātum); first conjugation I join, yoke. from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. From *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Noun *yugóm n (non-ablauting) yoke Proto-Indo-European Root[edit] *yewg- (perfective) to join, to yoke, to tie together Ancient Greek: ζεύγνυμι ``` Borrowed from Sanskrit योग्य (yogya). Adjective योग्य • (yogya) suitable worthy, qualified right, proper ``` ``` ζεύγνῡμῐ • (zeúgnūmi) Verb (active) To yoke, saddle, bridle a beast of burden (horses, cattle, mules; to get ready (a chariot) (middle) To have one's beasts yoked To fasten tightly To join or link together To join in wedlock (active or middle) To build a bridge from bank to bank To furnish ships with crossbenches To pair gladiators ``` ζεῦγμα • (zeûgma) n (genitive ζεύγματος); third declension Noun that which is used for joining, band, bond bridge of boats canal lock (rhetoric) zeugma From the root of ζεύγνῡμι (zeúgnūmi, “to join”) +‎ -μα (-ma). ζεῦγος • (zeûgos) n (genitive ζεύγεος or ζεύγους); third declension pair, two things, persons or animals considered as pair yoke (two animals joined together) a vehicle drawn by two or more animals, carriage, chariot two persons or animals of different sex, in common bond, liaison by two, in set of two See expressions a set of more than two (music) double reed of a wind instrument (e.g. flute) (Byzantine) plethron, equivalent of a land area ploughed by two oxen in one day Synonym: πλέθρον (pléthron) ζεῦγος • (zeûgos) n (genitive ζεύγεος or ζεύγους); third declension pair, two things, persons or animals considered as pair yoke (two animals joined together) a vehicle drawn by two or more animals, carriage, chariot two persons or animals of different sex, in common bond, liaison by two, in set of two See expressions a set of more than two (music) double reed of a wind instrument (e.g. flute) (Byzantine) plethron, equivalent of a land area ploughed by two oxen in one day Synonym: πλέθρον (pléthron) ζυγή • (zygí) Adjective Nominative, accusative and vocative singular feminine form of ζυγός (zygós). ———————————————- GEO - Geometry γῆ • (gê) f (genitive γῆς); first declension land, earth country soil ``` γαῖα (gaîa, “earth”) γεωργός (geōrgós, “farmer”) Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs) γεωμετρία (geōmetría) γεωγραφία (geōgraphía) ``` ``` γη • (gi) f (uncountable) world, earth (planet) world, earth (its people) earth, land, soil (in which plants grow) land (as sighted by sailors) land, country ``` υγεία Health υγιής healthy, sound, sane, fit, well, whole

Answer 26

RESIDE - REMAIN - CONTINUE ``` διαμένω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: diamenó Phonetic Spelling: (dee-am-en'-o) Definition: to remain, continue Usage: I remain, continue. HELPS Word-studies 1265 diaménō (from 3306 /ménō "to remain," intensified by the prefix 1223 /diá, "thoroughly") – properly, fully remain; thoroughly abide; to continue on completely, to remain throughout. ``` from dia and menó ``` μένω menó: to stay, abide, remain Original Word: μένω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: menó Phonetic Spelling: (men'-o) Definition: to stay, abide, remain Usage: I remain, abide, stay, wait; with acc: I wait for, await. ``` διά Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: dia Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ah') Definition: through, on account of, because of Usage: (a) gen: through, throughout, by the instrumentality of, (b) acc: through, on account of, by reason of, for the sake of, because of. HELPS Word-studies 1223 diá (a preposition) – properly, across (to the other side), back-and-forth to go all the way through, "successfully across" ("thoroughly"). 1223 (diá) is also commonly used as a prefix and lend the same idea ("thoroughly," literally, "successfully" across to the other side). [1223 (diá) is a root of the English term diameter ("across to the other side, through"). Before a vowel, dia is simply written di̓.]

Answer 27

HEALTH - CHEERS γεια (“Hello - health - cheers”) From Ancient Greek ὑγίεια (hugíeia, “health”) ``` Pronunciation IPA(key): /ʝa/ Interjection γεια • (geia) hi, hello bye cheers, your health bravo Alternative form of υγεία (ygeía) (health) Related terms[edit] γεια σου (geia sou, “hello, goodbye”) (singular, informal) γεια σας (geia sas, “hello, goodbye”) (plural, formal form) ``` Γειά υγεία • (ygeía) f (plural υγείες) health Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας ― National Health Service From proto-I do-European *gʷíh₃weti (imperfective) Verb to live, to be alive Proto-Indo-European Root *gʷeyh₃- To live Cognates Ancient Greek: ὑγιής (hugiḗs) to live ὑγιής • (hugiḗs) m or f (neuter ὑγιές); third declension Adjective sound, healthy, hearty, strong sound in mind: wise, wholesome. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”) or Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-gʷih₃- (“good life”) with -ής (“adjective suffix”). iūgis (neuter iūge, adverb iūgiter); third-declension two-termination adjective Adjective continual, perpetual (especially of flowing water) From a Proto-Indo-European compound *h₂eyu-gʷih₃- (“long life”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy”) ``` iūgiter (comparative iūgius, superlative iūgissimē) Adverb continually, perpetually immediately, instantly (continually): iūgē ``` Inflected form of iugum (“yoke”) iugum n (genitive iugī); second declension Noun yoke (for oxen) or collar (for a horse) (by extension) a team of oxen beam or rail fastened perpendicular to a post a makeshift archway of three spears under which a vanquished enemy was made to pass in humiliation Libra (constellation) rower's bench summit or ridge of a mountain (figuratively) bond (of slavery, matrimony, etc.) From iugum (“yoke”). iugō (present infinitive iugāre, perfect active iugāvī, supine iugātum); first conjugation I join, yoke. from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. From *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Noun *yugóm n (non-ablauting) yoke Proto-Indo-European Root[edit] *yewg- (perfective) to join, to yoke, to tie together Ancient Greek: ζεύγνυμι ``` Borrowed from Sanskrit योग्य (yogya). Adjective योग्य • (yogya) suitable worthy, qualified right, proper ``` ``` ζεύγνῡμῐ • (zeúgnūmi) Verb (active) To yoke, saddle, bridle a beast of burden (horses, cattle, mules; to get ready (a chariot) (middle) To have one's beasts yoked To fasten tightly To join or link together To join in wedlock (active or middle) To build a bridge from bank to bank To furnish ships with crossbenches To pair gladiators ``` ζεῦγμα • (zeûgma) n (genitive ζεύγματος); third declension Noun that which is used for joining, band, bond bridge of boats canal lock (rhetoric) zeugma From the root of ζεύγνῡμι (zeúgnūmi, “to join”) +‎ -μα (-ma). ζεῦγος • (zeûgos) n (genitive ζεύγεος or ζεύγους); third declension pair, two things, persons or animals considered as pair yoke (two animals joined together) a vehicle drawn by two or more animals, carriage, chariot two persons or animals of different sex, in common bond, liaison by two, in set of two See expressions a set of more than two (music) double reed of a wind instrument (e.g. flute) (Byzantine) plethron, equivalent of a land area ploughed by two oxen in one day Synonym: πλέθρον (pléthron) ζεῦγος • (zeûgos) n (genitive ζεύγεος or ζεύγους); third declension pair, two things, persons or animals considered as pair yoke (two animals joined together) a vehicle drawn by two or more animals, carriage, chariot two persons or animals of different sex, in common bond, liaison by two, in set of two See expressions a set of more than two (music) double reed of a wind instrument (e.g. flute) (Byzantine) plethron, equivalent of a land area ploughed by two oxen in one day Synonym: πλέθρον (pléthron) ζυγή • (zygí) Adjective Nominative, accusative and vocative singular feminine form of ζυγός (zygós). ———————————————- GEO - Geometry γῆ • (gê) f (genitive γῆς); first declension land, earth country soil ``` γαῖα (gaîa, “earth”) γεωργός (geōrgós, “farmer”) Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs) γεωμετρία (geōmetría) γεωγραφία (geōgraphía) ``` ``` γη • (gi) f (uncountable) world, earth (planet) world, earth (its people) earth, land, soil (in which plants grow) land (as sighted by sailors) land, country ``` υγεία Health υγιής healthy, sound, sane, fit, well, whole

Answer 28

AUTHORITY αυθεντία authority Hellenistic common authority (absolute power) autorité < παλαιά γαλλική auctorité autorité (fr) θηλυκό η εξουσία, η αρχή το κύρος authority the property of undeniable prestige the person whose knowledge in a particular field is highly valued and therefore his opinion is not disputed by anyone Or he is an authority on mathematics Auctoritas is a Latin word which is the origin of English "authority". While historically its use in English was restricted to discussions of the political history of Rome, the beginning of phenomenological philosophy in the 20th century expanded the use of the word.[1] In ancient Rome, auctoritas referred to the general level of prestige a person had in Roman society, and, as a consequence, his clout, influence, and ability to rally support around his will. Auctoritas was not merely political, however; it had a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious "power of command" of heroic Roman figures. ``` Noun συντάκτης • (syntáktis) m (plural συντάκτες, feminine συντάκτρια) editor, copy editor reporter compiler, draftsman ``` —————————————————— POWER εξουσία power

Answer 29

BEING ὢν being V-PPA-NMS οὔσης being V-PPA-GFS ``` εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist. ``` —————————————————————— ἦν Came about Was ἦν (ēn) — 315 Occurrences Matthew 1:18 V-II-3S GRK: γένεσις οὕτως ἦν Μνηστευθείσης τῆς INT: birth thus came about having been betrothed the Matthew 2:9 V-II-3S GRK: ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον INT: over where was the child Matthew 2:15 V-II-3S GRK: καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἕως INT: and remained there until Matthew 3:4 V-II-3S GRK: δὲ τροφὴ ἦν αὐτοῦ ἀκρίδες INT: and [the] food was of him locusts Matthew 7:27 V-II-3S GRK: ἔπεσεν καὶ ἦν ἡ πτῶσις INT: it fell and was the fall Matthew 7:29 V-II-3S GRK: ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων INT: he was indeed teaching Matthew 8:30 V-II-3S GRK: Ἦν δὲ μακρὰν INT: there was moreover far off Matthew 12:4 V-II-3S GRK: οὐκ ἐξὸν ἦν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν INT: not lawful it was for him to eat ————————————————- ἤμην I was ἤμην (ēmēn) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 25:35 V-II-1S GRK: με ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ INT: me a stranger I was and you took in Matthew 25:36 V-II-1S GRK: ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην καὶ ἤλθατε INT: in prison I was and you came Matthew 25:43 V-II-1S GRK: ξένος ἤμην καὶ οὐ INT: a stranger I was and not Mark 14:49 V-II-1S GRK: καθ' ἡμέραν ἤμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς INT: every day I was with you John 11:15 V-II-1S GRK: ὅτι οὐκ ἤμην ἐκεῖ ἀλλὰ INT: that not I was there But John 16:4 V-II-1S GRK: μεθ' ὑμῶν ἤμην INT: with you I was ———————————————————— ἤμεθα We had been ``` ἤμεθα (ēmetha) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: λέγετε Εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς NAS: If we had been [living] in the days INT: you say If we had been in the ``` Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ NAS: of our fathers, we would not have been partners INT: not anyhow we would have been with them partakers Acts 27:37 V-II-1P GRK: ἤμεθα δὲ αἱ INT: we were moreover the Galatians 4:3 V-II-1P GRK: τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι INT: of the world were held in bondage Ephesians 2:3 V-II-1P GRK: διανοιῶν καὶ ἤμεθα τέκνα φύσει INT: thoughts and were children by nature

Answer 30

ORIGIN - ORIGINATE from Latin origo (“beginning, source, birth, origin”), from orior (“to rise”); see orient. From orior (“to originate, to be born”) +‎ -īgō (suffix forming deverbal nouns). Suffix -igō (present infinitive -igāre, perfect active -igāvī, supine -igātum); first conjugation Enlargement of -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). origin (n.) c. 1400, "ancestry, race," from Latin originem (nominative origo) "a rise, commencement, beginning, source; descent, lineage, birth," from stem of oriri "arise, rise, get up; appear above the horizon, become visible; be born, be descended, receive life;" figuratively "come forth, take origin, proceed, start" (of rivers, rumors, etc.) from PIE *heri- "to rise" source also of Hittite arai- "to arise, lift, raise," Sanskrit iyarti "to set in motion, move," Armenian y-arnem "to rise"). Meaning "beginning of existence" is from 1560s; sense of "that from which something derives its being or nature" is from c. 1600. ``` Verb orior (present infinitive orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent I rise, get up. I appear, become visible. I am born, come to exist, originate. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi) ``` Verb ὄρνῡμῐ • (órnūmi) to set upon, let loose upon, move on to awaken, arouse to raise, excite to stir up, encourage, exhort, cheer on. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, spring”) ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *h₃er- (perfective) to move, to stir to rise, to spring to quarrel, fight ``` ————————————————————- γεν. • (gen.) Abbreviation of γενικά (geniká): general, in general ``` Noun γένος • (génos) n (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension offspring, descendant family, clan nation, race gender (grammar) grammatical gender sex any type or class ``` Adverb γενικά • (geniká) generally, in general Adjective γενῐκός • (genikós) m (feminine γενῐκή, neuter γενῐκόν); first/second declension of or belonging to the γένος (génos), racial principal, typical consisting of families sexual in kind From γένος (génos, “race, stock, kin”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós, adjectival suffix). Adjective γενικός • (genikós) m (feminine γενική, neuter γενικό) general, unspecific. γενῐκή (genikḗ, “genitive case”) Latin: Gens Borrowed from Latin gēns (“gens; people, tribe”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth; production”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”) + *-tis (“suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots”). gens (plural gentes or genses) (Ancient Rome, historical) A legally defined unit of Roman society, being a collection of people related through a common ancestor by birth, marriage or adoption, possibly over many generations, and sharing the same nomen gentilicium. (anthropology) A tribal subgroup whose members are characterized by having the same descent, usually along the male line. Verb Latin: gignō (present infinitive gignere, perfect active genuī, supine genitum); third conjugation I bring forth as a fruit of myself: I bear, I beget, I engender, I give birth to (by said means): I produce, I cause, I yield (in the passive voice): I am born, I am begotten, I am engendered, I am produced, etc. Proto-Indo-European Root *ǵenh₁- (perfective) to produce, to beget, to give birth Noun genesis (plural geneses) The origin, start, or point at which something comes into being. Some point to the creation of Magna Carta as the genesis of English common law. Noun genesis f (genitive genesis or geneseōs or genesios); third declension generation, creation, nativity birth ``` Noun γένεσις • (génesis) f (genitive γενέσεως); third declension origin, source manner of birth creation ``` from γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”) +‎ -σις (-sis). Suffix -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process ``` Verb γίγνομαι • (gígnomai) to come into being (of people) to be born (of things) to be produced (of events) to take place (followed by a predicate) to become (aorist participle) having ceased to be: former, ex- ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός ho genómenos stratēgós the ex-general (present participle) something that is due (of payments); regular, normal, usual ``` Verb ἐγγίγνομαι • (engígnomai) to be born in, live in ἐν- (en-) +‎ γίγνομαι (gígnomai) ————————————————————- ορίζω (“set”) ορίζω • (orízo) active (past όρισα, passive ορίζομαι, p‑past ορίστηκα, ppp ορισμένος) define, designate decide arrive, reach Related terms αδιοριστία f (adioristía, “nonappointment”) αδιόριστος (adióristos, “not appointed”) ακαθοριστία f (akathoristía) ακαθόριστος (akathóristos, “vague, indeterminate”) αοριστία f (aoristía) αοριστικός (aoristikós) αοριστολογία f (aoristología) αοριστολογώ (aoristologó) αόριστος (aóristos, “vague, (grammar): past tense”) απεριόριστος (aperióristos, “unlinmited”) απροσδιοριστία (aprosdioristía) ορίζοντας m (orízontas, “horizon”) οριζόντιος (orizóntios, “horizontal”) οριζοντιώνω (orizontióno) οριζοντίωση (orizontíosi) ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics) ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle) ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”) οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar) οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”) υποορισμός m (ypoorismós) Compounds of the verb: (and see their derivatives) ``` αυτοεξορίζομαι (aftoexorízomai) αυτοπεριορίζομαι (aftoperiorízomai) αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”) διαφορίζω (diaforízo) (mathematics) διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”) εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”) επαναπροσδιορίζω (epanaprosdiorízo) καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”) καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”) περιορίζω (periorízo) προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”) προορίζω (proorízo) προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”) ``` ————————————————————- SOURCE - ORIGIN προέλευση • (proélefsi) f (plural προελεύσεις) origin έλευση Advent, coming, arrival Η ελληνική γλώσσα εμπλουτίζεται με πολλές λέξεις γαλλικής προέλευσης. I ellinikí glóssa emploutízetai me pollés léxeis gallikís proélefsis. The Greek language is enriched by many words of French origin. Translations of origin Noun προέλευση origin, source, provenance, origination, descent, emanation καταγωγή origin, descent, ancestry, lineage, parentage, derivation αρχή principle, beginning, start, outset, origin, inception πηγή source, spring, fountain, origin, well, rise προσδιοριστικό σημείο origin ``` διέλευση - transit επέλευση - occurrence παρέλευση - passage περιέλευση - arrival προέλευση - source, origin προσέλευση - attendance συνέλευση - meeting ``` ———————————————————— OLD ENGLISH Noun English Wikipedia has an article on: birth birth (countable and uncountable, plural births) (uncountable) The process of childbearing; the beginning of life. (countable) An instance of childbirth. Intersex babies account for roughly one per cent of all births. (countable) A beginning or start; a point of origin. the birth of an empire (uncountable) The circumstances of one's background, ancestry, or upbringing. He was of noble birth, but fortune had not favored him. That which is born. Misspelling of berth. ``` Old Swedish Alternative forms byrþe, biurdh, børdh Etymology From Old Norse burðr, from Proto-Germanic *burdiz. Noun byrþ f bearing (that which carries) burden (that which is being carried) birth newborn lineage birthright ``` Noun börda c a burden From Old Norse byrðr from Proto-Germanic *burþį̄ related to bära (“to bear, to carry”) and börd (“birth”). Old Norse Noun börd c a birth (the event), childbirth, delivery nobility, birthright, descent, ancestry, lineage (the privileges that come with birth, e.g. for a nobleman) en kvinna av börd och en man av folket a noble woman and a man of the people from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- Root *bʰer- (imperfective) to bear, carry bear (third-person singular simple present bears, present participle bearing, simple past bore or (archaic) bare, past participle borne or (see usage notes) born) (chiefly transitive) To carry or convey, literally or figuratively. From Middle English beren (“carry, bring forth”) from Old English beran (“to carry, bear, bring”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). ``` Verb Old English: beran to carry, bear to wear to sustain, support to bring forth, produce, give birth. ``` Old Irish biru Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō) Verb φέρω • (phérō) I bring, bear, carry ``` Latin ferre Verb ferō (present infinitive ferre, perfect active tulī or tetulī, supine lātum); third conjugation, irregular I bear, carry Synonyms: gerō, portō, vehō partum ferre ― to be with child, to be pregnant (lit., to carry an offspring/fetus/embryo/one's young) I support, hold up I endure I report I consider I cast (a vote); I pass or ratify (a law) I propose I win I create I bring forth; I put in motion; I move forward (intransitive) I lead ``` Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”) Ancient Greek: φόρος (phóros, “tribute”) ``` Noun φορά • (phorá) f (genitive φορᾶς); first declension an act (from the active voice) carrying gestation bringing in of money, payment bringing forth, productiveness (from the passive voice) being borne or carried along, motion rapid motion, rush (of persons) impulse; tendency; line of thought or action time, occasion (as a thing) that which is borne load, freight, burden rent, tribute that which is brought forth, fruit, produce, crop ``` Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)

Answer 31

SOURCE - ORIGIN προέλευση • (proélefsi) f (plural προελεύσεις) origin έλευση Advent, coming, arrival Η ελληνική γλώσσα εμπλουτίζεται με πολλές λέξεις γαλλικής προέλευσης. I ellinikí glóssa emploutízetai me pollés léxeis gallikís proélefsis. The Greek language is enriched by many words of French origin. Translations of origin Noun προέλευση origin, source, provenance, origination, descent, emanation καταγωγή origin, descent, ancestry, lineage, parentage, derivation αρχή principle, beginning, start, outset, origin, inception πηγή source, spring, fountain, origin, well, rise προσδιοριστικό σημείο origin ``` διέλευση - transit επέλευση - occurrence παρέλευση - passage περιέλευση - arrival προέλευση - source, origin προσέλευση - attendance συνέλευση - meeting ```

Answer 32

AUTHOR - AUTHORITY συγγραφέας author, writer συγγραφέας • (syngraféas) m or f (plural συγγραφείς) writer, author From Ancient Greek συγγραφεύς (sungrapheús, “prose-writer, historian”) συν- (sun-, “together”) +‎ γράφω (gráphō, “write”) σῠγγρᾰ́φω • (sungráphō) (Attic, Ionic, Koine) (transitive) write down; describe (middle, causative, transitive) to have something written down compose (something in prose: a writing, book, speech) (middle, transitive) to draw up or to sign (a contract, bond, treaty); to promise συγγεγραμμένος sungegramménos signatory (active or middle, politics, transitive) to draw up a motion to be submitted to a vote συγγρᾰφή • (sungraphḗ) f (genitive συγγρᾰφῆς); first declension writing or noting down writing, book, especially in prose mark in the eye ———————————————————- πρωτουργός originator, author πρωτουργός originator From πρω (before) + ουργός (work) ουργός the person who has as profession or occupation or object what the first synthetic means wood > driving wood fessional Sanctuary > Hier this creates Drama > Dramatic this creates (who writes dramatic or generally plays) Music > MOUSSE this creates (the composer , the composite music) Slim / fineness > min this creates (creating artifacts minutes) tachydaktyl this creates : fast + finger + this creates yield French prestidigit ateur the person or agent whose means of action or function result in the first synthetic Miracle > thafmat this creates (e.g. miraculous water) Genesis > chargeable this creates (causing the genesis , e.g. operative cause, agent) exception : good > philanthropist (who does something for the good) that one works for the sake of the first synthetic minister (people and work: working for the people) minister (working under the orders of someone else, so for the other) Minister in Politics (meaning the word people, one who works under the people, for the people) Prime Minister (the first among the ministers, ie those who work for the people) ἔργον < Indo-European root * wérǵom ( ἔργον ) < werǵ - ( I work , I create ) ἔργον Ergon -th neutral the job , the job , the main occupation ἀλλ᾽ εἰς οἶκον ἰοῦσα τὰ σ᾽ αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε, ἱστόν τ᾽ ἠλακάτην τε (: τράβα στο σπίτι και κοίτα τις δικές σου εργές, το πλέξιμο και τη ροκα ) polemiia projects , water projects ( seamanship , but also fisheries ), projects gamoio, the result of work , the work , the energy , the act , the activity , what is not done alone, but someone does, what is created Καὶργα καὶ Ἡμέραι (the work of Hesiod for the achievements, the energies of people and gods, the events) καἄκουε τοὔργον (: κι άκου τι πρέπει να κάνεις) mainly the war feat , but also something special, an achievement , an achievement in general τῶν δὲ πρότερον ἔργων μέγιστον ἐπράχθη τὸ Μηδικόν (: από τα κατορθώματα του παρελθόντως, το σπουδαιότερα που επιτεύθησε είναι το Μηδικά -ενν. τους Περσικοί πολέμους) farm , plowed land, real estate, arable land, field , cultivation ἐφρ᾽ ἂν μέν κ᾽ ἀγροὺς ἴομεν καὶ ἔργ᾽ ἀνθρώπων, τόφρα σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι μεθ᾽ ἡμιόνους καὶ ἄμαξαν καρπαλίμως ἔρχεσθαι (: ὅσο χωράφια ἢ χτήματα περνοῦμε τῶν ἀνθρώπων, δύο δ᾽ αἰὲν ἔχον πατρώια ἔργα (: κι άλλοι δύο φρόντιζαν για τα πατρικά χωράφια, τα γονικά χωράφια ) the practical in contrast to the theoretical or the oral , to the words καὶ μὴν ἔργῳ κοὐκέτι μύθῳ ... ( από τη θεωρία στην πράξη ) σὺ δ᾽ ἡμὶν ἡ μισοῦσα μισεῖς μὲν λόγῳ, ἔργῳ δὲ τοῖς φονεῦσι τοῦ πατρὸς ξύνει (: εσύ μιλάς για το μίσος, αλλά μισείς μόνο στα λόγια, γιατί στη πράξη συντάσσεσαι με τους φονιάδες του πατέρα μας ) logoisin EIT ergoisin fields been damaged bearing (: if I hurt him with words or works) the phrase ἔργον ἐστί even when the verb was omitted, had different meanings it does not serve , we do not do anything like this: οὐδὲν ἔργον ἑστάναι or οὐδὲν ἔργον ταῦτα θρηνεῖσθαι it is not his job, it is for others : οὐ γὰρ θερμότητος οἶμαι ἔργον ψύχειν ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐναντίου, οὐδὲ ξηρότητος ὑγραίνειν ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐναντίου, οὐδὲ δὴ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ βλάπτειν ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐναντίου function ( ῦργα τοῦ ἐγκεφάλου -Γαληνός) need ( and here SH many prisons work : be careful, show caution) with ἔχω and I provide it : I create problems, issues or in a good sense I get in trouble ``` ———————————————————- συντάκτης • (syntáktis) m (plural συντάκτες, feminine συντάκτρια) editor, copy editor reporter compiler, draftsman ``` αρχισυντάκτης • (archisyntáktis) m (plural αρχισυντάκτες) editor-in-chief From αρχι- (archi-) +‎ συντάκτης (syntáktis) (< συντάσσω (syntásso)). ``` Verb συντάσσω • (syntásso) (past συνέταξα) draft (a document) compose (a statement) compile design indite ``` Verb συνέταξα • (synétaxa) 1st person singular simple past form of συντάσσω (syntásso). ``` τᾰ́σσω • (tássō) (transitive) to arrange, put in order (transitive, military) to arrange soldiers, array, marshal (passive) to fall in, form up (transitive) to post, station (transitive) to appoint, assign (transitive) to undertake (transitive) to order, command (transitive) to assess payments (transitive) to agree upon (transitive) to impose punishments, laws ``` Cognate with Latin tangō and taxō Verb taxō (present infinitive taxāre, perfect active taxāvī, supine taxātum); first conjugation I feel, I touch sharply, I handle. I charge, I twit, I reproach, I censure. I rate, I appraise, I value, I estimate. I judge, I compute, I reckon, I estimate. from Proto-Indo-European *teḱs- (“construct”) ``` taxus f (genitive taxī); second declension A yew (tree). (poetic) A javelin made of the wood of the yew tree. ``` Old English þaccian (“to touch, pat”) ———————————————————————- author (n.) mid-14c., auctor, autour, autor "father, creator, one who brings about, one who makes or creates" someone or something, from Old French auctor, acteor "author, originator, creator, instigator" (12c., Modern French auteur) and directly from Latin auctor "promoter, producer, father, progenitor; builder, founder; trustworthy writer, authority; historian; performer, doer; responsible person, teacher," literally "one who causes to grow," agent noun from auctus, past participle of augere "to increase," from PIE root *aug- (1) "to increase." From late 14c. as "a writer, one who sets forth written statements, original composer of a writing" (as distinguished from a compiler, translator, copyist, etc.). Also from late 14c. as "source of authoritative information or opinion," now archaic but the sense behind authority, etc. In Middle English the word was sometimes confused with actor. The -t- changed to -th- 16c., on model of change in Medieval Latin, on mistaken assumption of Greek o *aug- (1) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to increase." It forms all or part of: auction; augment; augmentative; augur; August; august; Augustus; author; authoritarian; authorize; auxiliary; auxin; eke (v.); inaugurate; nickname; waist; wax (v.1) "grow bigger or greater." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit ojas- "strength," vaksayati "cause to grow;" Lithuanian augu, augti "to grow," aukštas "high, of superior rank;" Greek auxo "increase," auxein "to increase;" Gothic aukan "to grow, increase;" Latin augmentum "an increase, growth," augere "to increase, make big, enlarge, enrich;" Old English eacien "to increase," German wachsen, Gothic wahsjan "to grow, increase." actor (n.) late 14c., "an overseer, guardian, steward," from Latin actor "an agent or doer; a driver (of sheep, etc.)," in law, "accuser, plaintiff," also "theatrical player, orator," from past participle stem of agere "to set in motion, drive, drive forward," hence "to do, perform," also "act on stage, play the part of; plead a cause at law" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move"). In English from mid-15c. as "a doer, maker," also "a plaintiff at law." Sense of "one who performs in plays" is 1580s, originally applied to both men and women. Related: Actorish; actorly; actory. *ag- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to drive, draw out or forth, move." It forms all or part of: act; action; active; actor; actual; actuary; actuate; agency; agenda; agent; agile; agitation; agony; ambagious; ambassador; ambiguous; anagogical; antagonize; apagoge; assay; Auriga; auto-da-fe; axiom; cache; castigate; coagulate; cogent; cogitation; counteract; demagogue; embassy; epact; essay; exact; exacta; examine; exigency; exiguous; fumigation; glucagon; hypnagogic; interact; intransigent; isagoge; litigate; litigation; mitigate; mystagogue; navigate; objurgate; pedagogue; plutogogue; prodigal; protagonist; purge; react; redact; retroactive; squat; strategy; synagogue; transact; transaction; variegate. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek agein "to lead, guide, drive, carry off," agon "assembly, contest in the games," agōgos "leader," axios "worth, worthy, weighing as much;" Sanskrit ajati "drives," ajirah "moving, active;" Latin actus "a doing; a driving, impulse, a setting in motion; a part in a play;" agere "to set in motion, drive, drive forward," hence "to do, perform," agilis "nimble, quick;" Old Norse aka "to drive;" Middle Irish ag "battle." —————————————————————— Arther Latin Etymology From Ancient Greek Ἀρκτοῦρος (Arktoûros) from ἄρκτος (árktos, “bear”) + οὖρος (oûros, “guard”). Proper noun Arctūrus m (genitive Arctūrī); second declension ``` Boötes (astronomy) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the third-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus. the star Arcturus the constellation Boötes Synonym: Bootes ``` Pronunciation bō-ōʹtēz, IPA(key): /boʊˈoʊtiːz/ Proper noun Βοώτης • (Voótis) m (astronomy) Boötes (a constellation) https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Βοώτης βοώ , πρτ . : Cried , shot . : I helped ( without passive voice ) I scream , I shout loudly ``` βοάω roar I shout loudly I speak loudly cry out echo I thunder , I make waves resonate advertise , praise I order in a loud voice ``` Bootes (Latin: Bootes, abbreviation: Boo) is a constellation first recorded in antiquity by Ptolemy and is one of the 88 official constellations established by the International Astronomical Union. This large constellation is located in the northern hemisphere of the celestial sphere, but it is ambiguous in Greece. It borders with 8 different constellations: Dragon, Big Bear, Predatory Dogs, Coma Vereniki, Virgo, Ofi (the part of the head), North Stephen and Hercules. Boötes is traditionally depicted as a herdsman with two hunting dogs on a leash and a club in his other hand. In the sky, Boötes follows Ursa Major around the pole. In one story, the constellation represents a ploughman driving the oxen in the Ursa Major constellation, followed by his two dogs, Asterion and Chara (represented by the constellation Canes Venatici, the Hunting Dogs). The ploughman’s oxen are tied to the polar axis and their movement keeps the skies in constant rotation. Most commonly, Boötes is taken to represent Arcas, son of Zeus and Callisto, daughter of the Arcadian king Lycaon. Arcas was brought up by his grandfather, the king, who one day decided to test Zeus by serving him his own son for a meal. Zeus, however, saw through Lycaon’s intentions, transformed the cruel king into a wolf, killed all his sons with thunderbolts, and brought Arcas back to life. Zeus’ wife Hera, having heard of her husband’s infidelity, transformed Callisto into a bear. Callisto roamed the woods until years later she met her son, who was now grown up. Arcas didn’t recognize his mother and began to chase her. Callisto hid herself in a temple, where he could not hurt her without risking being convicted to death for defiling a sacred place. To avoid a tragedy, Zeus placed both of them in the sky; Callisto as Ursa Major and Arcas as Boötes. In another story, Boötes is taken to represent Icarius, a grape grower who once invited Dionysus to visit his vineyards. The god was so impressed that he gave Icarius the secret of making wine. Icarius followed the recipe and enjoyed the beverage so much that he invited all his friends to try it. They, however, enjoyed it a bit too much and, when they woke up the next day with bad hangovers, they assumed Icarius had tried to poison them. Angry, they decided to murder him in his sleep. Dionysus was saddened by the death of his friend and decided to place Icarius among the stars. In another myth, Boötes is credited for inventing the plough, which prompted the goddess Ceres to place him in the heavens.

Answer 33

ENTITY Translations of entity Noun οντότητα entity ουσία substance, essence, matter, gist, nature, entity ύπαρξη existence, being, occurrence, entity, subsistence —————————————————————— essence (n.) late 14c., essencia (respelled late 15c. on French model), from Latin essentia "being, essence," abstract noun formed (to translate Greek ousia "being, essence") from essent-, present participle stem of esse "to be," from PIE root *es- "to be." Originally "substance of the Trinity;" the general sense of "basic element of anything" is first recorded in English 1650s, though this is the underlying notion of the first English use of essential. Meaning "ingredient which gives something its particular character" is from c. 1600, especially of distilled oils from plants (1650s), hence "fragrance, perfume" (17c.). In 19c. U.S., essence-peddler could mean "medical salesman" and "skunk." *es- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to be." It forms all or part of: absence; absent; am; Bodhisattva; entity; essence; essential; essive; eu-; eucalyptus; Eucharist; Euclidean; Eudora; Eugene; eugenics; eulogy; Eunice; euphemism; euphoria; euthanasia; homoiousian; improve; interest; is; onto-; Parousia; present (adj.) "existing at the time;" present (n.2) "what is offered or given as a gift;" proud; quintessence; represent; satyagraha; sin; sooth; soothe; suttee; swastika; yes. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit asmi, Hittite eimi, Greek esti-, Latin est, Old Church Slavonic jesmi, Lithuanian esmi, Gothic imi, Old English eom, German ist. Related entries & more essential (adj.) mid-14c., "that is such by its essence," from Late Latin essentialis, from essentia "being, essence," abstract noun formed (to translate Greek ousia "being, essence") from essent-, present participle stem of esse "to be," from PIE root *es- "to be." Meaning "pertaining to essence" is from late 14c., that of "constituting the essence of something" is from 1540s; that of "necessary" is from 1520s. Essentials "indispensable elements" is from early 16c. Related: Essentially. Related entries & more consubstantial (adj.) "having the same substance or essence," late 14c., a term in the theology of the Trinity, from Church Latin consubstantialis "of like essence, nature, or substance," from assimilated form of com "with, together" (see con-) + substantia "being, essence, material" (see substance). In general use from 1570s. Related: Consubstantially; consubstantiality; consubstantialism. isness (n.) "essence," 1865, in a translation of Hegel, from is + -ness. insubstantial (adj.) c. 1600, from Medieval Latin insubstantialis "not substantial," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + Late Latin substantialis "having substance or reality, material," in Late Latin "pertaining to the substance or essence," from substantia "being, essence, material" (see substance). Related: Insubstantially. Related entries & more quintessence (n.) early 15c., quint-essence, in ancient philosophy and medieval alchemy, "a pure essence latent in all things, and the substance of which the heavenly bodies are composed," literally "fifth essence," from Old French quinte essence (14c.) and directly from Medieval Latin quinta essentia, from Latin quinta, fem. of quintus "fifth" (from PIE root *penkwe- "five") + essentia "being, essence," abstract noun formed (to translate Greek ousia "being, essence") from essent-, present-participle stem of esse "to be" (from PIE root *es- "to be"). The Latin term is a loan-translation of Greek pempte ousia, the "ether" that was added by Aristotle (perhaps following the Pythagoreans) to the four known elements (water, earth, fire, air) and said to permeate all things. It was naturally bright, incorruptible, and endowed with circular motion. Its extraction was one of the chief goals of alchemy. The transferred or figurative sense of "purest essence" (of a situation, character, etc.), "an extract from anything containing in a small quantity its virtues or most essential part" is by 1560s. Related entries & more coessential (adj.) also co-essential, "having the same essence," late 15c., coessencial, from Medieval Latin; see co- + essential (adj.). Related: Coessentially; coessentiality. Related entries & more substantial (adj.) mid-14c., "ample, sizeable," from Old French substantiel (13c.) and directly from Latin substantialis "having substance or reality, material," in Late Latin "pertaining to the substance or essence," from substantia "being, essence, material" (see substance). Meaning "existing, having real existence" is from late 14c. Meaning "involving an essential part or point" is early 15c. Related: Substantially. Related entries & more homoiousian (adj.) 1680s, "having a similar nature," from Greek homoiousios "of the same essence," from homos "one and the same" (see homo- (1)) + ousia "essence," from on, genitive ontos, present participle of einai "to be" (from PIE root *es- "to be"). As a noun from 1732 in reference to the followers of the semi-Arian Eusebius, "who maintained that the nature of Christ is similar to, but not the same with, that of the father" [Century Dictionary]. is (v.) third person singular present indicative of be, Old English is, from Germanic stem *es- (source also of Old High German, German, Gothic ist, Old Norse es, er), from PIE *es-ti- (source also of Sanskrit asti, Greek esti, Latin est, Lithuanian esti, Old Church Slavonic jesti), third person singular form of root *es- "to be." Old English lost the final -t-. Until 1500s, pronounced to rhyme with kiss. Dialectal use for all persons (I is) is in Chaucer. Phrase it is what it is, indicating resigned acceptance of an unpleasant but inevitable situation or circumstance about which nothing truly positive can be said, is attested by 2001. be (v.) Old English beon, beom, bion "be, exist, come to be, become, happen," from Proto-Germanic *biju- "I am, I will be." This "b-root" is from PIE root *bheue- "to be, exist, grow," and in addition to the words in English it yielded German present first and second person singular (bin, bist, from Old High German bim "I am," bist "thou art"), Latin perfective tenses of esse (fui "I was," etc.), Old Church Slavonic byti "be," Greek phu- "become," Old Irish bi'u "I am," Lithuanian būti "to be," Russian byt' "to be," etc. The modern verb to be in its entirety represents the merger of two once-distinct verbs, the "b-root" represented by be and the am/was verb, which was itself a conglomerate. Roger Lass ("Old English") describes the verb as "a collection of semantically related paradigm fragments," while Weekley calls it "an accidental conglomeration from the different Old English dial[ect]s." It is the most irregular verb in Modern English and the most common. Collective in all Germanic languages, it has eight different forms in Modern English: BE (infinitive, subjunctive, imperative); AM (present 1st person singular); ARE (present 2nd person singular and all plural); IS (present 3rd person singular); WAS (past 1st and 3rd persons singular); WERE (past 2nd person singular, all plural; subjunctive); BEING (progressive & present participle; gerund); BEEN (perfect participle). The paradigm in Old English was: eom, beo (present 1st person singular); eart, bist (present 2nd person singular); is, bið (present 3rd person singular); sind, sindon, beoð (present plural in all persons); wæs (past 1st and 3rd person singular); wære (past 2nd person singular); wæron (past plural in all persons); wære (singular subjunctive preterit); wæren (plural subjunctive preterit). The "b-root" had no past tense in Old English, but often served as future tense of am/was. In 13c. it took the place of the infinitive, participle and imperative forms of am/was. Later its plural forms (we beth, ye ben, they be) became standard in Middle English and it made inroads into the singular (I be, thou beest, he beth), but forms of are claimed this turf in the 1500s and replaced be in the plural. For the origin and evolution of the am/was branches of this tangle, see am and was. am (v.) first person singular present indicative of be (q.v.); Old English eom "to be, to remain," (Mercian eam, Northumbrian am), from Proto-Germanic *izm(i)-, from PIE *esmi- (source also of Old Norse emi, Gothic im, Hittite esmi, Old Church Slavonic jesmi, Lithuanian esmi), first person singular form of root *es- "to be." In Old English it formed only present tenses, all other forms being expressed in the W-BASE (see were, was). This cooperative verb is sometimes referred to by linguists as *es-*wes-. Until the distinction broke down 13c., *es-*wes- tended to express "existence," with beon meaning something closer to "come to be." Old English am had two plural forms: 1. sind/sindon, sie and 2. earon/aron. The s- form (also used in the subjunctive) fell from English in the early 13c. (though its cousin continues in German sind, the 3rd person plural of "to be") and was replaced by forms of be, but aron (see are) continued, and as am and be merged it encroached on some uses that previously had belonged to be. By the early 1500s it had established its place in standard English. was (v.) Old English wesan, wæs, wæron 1st and 3rd person singular of wesan "to remain," from Proto-Germanic *wesanan (source also of Old Saxon wesan, Old Norse vesa, Old Frisian wesa, Middle Dutch wesen, Dutch wezen, Old High German wesen "being, existence," Gothic wisan "to be"), from PIE root *wes- (3) "remain, abide, live, dwell" (cognates Sanskrit vasati "he dwells, stays;" compare vestal). Wesan was a distinct verb in Old English, but it came to supply the past tense of am. This probably began to develop in Proto-Germanic, because it is also the case in Gothic and Old Norse. See be. vestal (adj.) "chaste, pure, virgin," 1590s, originally (early 15c.) "belonging to or dedicated to Vesta," Roman goddess of hearth and home, from Latin vestalis. The noun is recorded from 1570s, short for Vestal virgin, one of four (later six) priestesses (Latin virgines Vestales) in charge of the sacred fire in the temple of Vesta in Rome. From 1580s in reference to any virgin or chaste woman. They entered the service of the goddess at from six to ten years of age, their term of service lasting thirty years. They were then permitted to retire and to marry, but few did so, for, as vestals, they were treated with great honor, and had important public privileges. Their persons were inviolable, any offense against them being punished with death, and they were treated in all their relations with the highest distinction and reverence. A vestal who broke her vow of chastity was immured alive in an underground vault amid public mourning. There were very few such instances; in one of them, under Domitian, the chief of the vestals was put to death under a false charge trumped up by the emperor. [Century Dictionary]

Answer 34

OUSIA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ousia Ousia (/ˈuːziə, ˈuːsiə, ˈuːʒə, ˈuːʃə/; Greek: οὐσία) is an important philosophical and theological term, originally used in ancient Greek philosophy, then later in Christian theology. It was used by various ancient Greek philosophers, like Plato and Aristotle, as a primary designation for philosophical concepts of essence or substance. In contemporary philosophy, it is analogous to English concepts of being and ontic. In Christian theology, the concept of θεία ουσία (divine essence) is one of the most important doctrinal concepts, central to the development of trinitarian doctrine.[1]

Answer 35

ESSENCE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence Essence (Latin: essentia) is a polysemic term, used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident: a property that the entity or substance has contingently, without which the substance can still retain its identity.

Answer 36

QUIDDITY n scholastic philosophy, "quiddity" (/ˈkwɪdɪti/; Latin: quidditas)[1] was another term for the essence of an object, literally its "whatness" or "what it is". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiddity The term "quiddity" derives from the Latin word quidditas, which was used by the medieval scholastics as a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle's Greek to ti en einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι)[2] or "the what it was to be (a given thing)".

Answer 37

ACCIDENT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accident_(philosophy) An accident (Greek συμβεβηκός), in metaphysics and philosophy, is a property that the entity or substance has contingently, without which the substance can still retain its identity. An accident does not affect its essence.[1] It does not mean an "accident" as used in common speech, a chance incident, normally harmful. Examples of accidents are color, taste, movement, and stagnation.[2] Accident is contrasted with essence: a designation for the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity.

Answer 38

POTENTIAL - ACTUAL (Potentiality and actuality) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiality_and_actuality (Ancient Greek: δύναμις) is a Greek philosophical concept meaning "power", "potential" or "ability", and is central to the Aristotelian idea of potentiality and actuality. ``` δῠ́νᾰμῐς • (dúnamis) f (genitive δῠνᾰ́μεως); third declension power, might, strength ability, skill power, authority, influence force of war magic, magically potent substance or object, magic powers manifestation of divine power: miracle faculty, capacity worth, value The force of a word: meaning (mathematics) square root (mathematics) power ``` From δῠ́νᾰμαι (dúnamai, “I am able”). δῠνᾰ́στης (dunástēs, “ruler, petty ruler”) Greek: δύναμη f (dýnami, “power”) Katharevousa: δύναμις f (dýnamis, “power”) ``` δύναμη • (dýnami) f (plural δυνάμεις) power, force, strength, brawn (military) force δύναμη καταδρομών (commando force) (physics) force Η ισχύς ισούται με το γινόμενο της ταχύτητας επί τη δύναμη. (Power equals the velocity multiplied by the force.) ``` ——————————————————————- Noun ισχύς • (ischýs) f (plural ισχύες) power, might, strength force (physics) power Η ισχύς ισούται με το γινόμενο της ταχύτητας του επί τη δύναμη. Power equals the velocity multiplied by the force. Verb ισχύω • (ischýo) (past ίσχυσα, passive —) be valid, be in effect Το διαβατήριό μου ισχύει για ένα χρόνο. To diavatírió mou ischýei gia éna chróno. My passport is valid for one year. Το Σάββατο έχουμε ραντεβού. Ισχύει; To Sávvato échoume rantevoú. Ischýei? We have a date on Saturday. Isn't it (is it still in effect)? have validity, have power Related terms ενίσχυση f (eníschysi, “amplification”) ενισχυτής m (enischytís, “amplifier”) ενισχυτικός (enischytikós, “amplificatory”) ενισχύω (enischýo, “reinforce”) & related terms ισχύων (ischýon, “valid”, participle) κατίσχυση f (katíschysi, “domination, triumph over”) κατισχύω (katischýo, “dominate, prevail completely, triumph over”) προενίσχυση f (proeníschysi, “preamplification”) προενισχυτής m (proenischytís, “preamplifier”) ραδιοενισχυτής m (radioenischytís) υπερίσχυση f (yperíschysi, “prevalence”) υπερισχύω (yperischýo, “prevail”) ``` Also: ανίσχυρος (aníschyros, “powerless”) ισχυρίζομαι (ischyrízomai, “claim”) ισχυρισμός m (ischyrismós, “claim”) ισχυρός (ischyrós, “strong, powerful”) & related terms ισχύς f (ischýs, “power”) ``` ῐ̓σχῡ́ς • (iskhū́s) f (genitive ῐ̓σχῠ́ος); third declension strength, power, might ———————————————————— (Ancient Greek: ενέργεια) Energeia, the general principle of "activity" as opposed to possibility, in Aristotelianism ενέργεια • (enérgeia) f (plural ενέργειες) (physics) energy action From Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “action, act, work”). ——————————————————————— In philosophy, potentiality and actuality[1] are a pair of closely connected principles which Aristotle used to analyze motion, causality, ethics, and physiology in his Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima, which is about the human psyche.[2] The concept of potentiality, in this context, generally refers to any "possibility" that a thing can be said to have. Aristotle did not consider all possibilities the same, and emphasized the importance of those that become real of their own accord when conditions are right and nothing stops them.[3] Actuality, in contrast to potentiality, is the motion, change or activity that represents an exercise or fulfillment of a possibility, when a possibility becomes real in the fullest sense. ———————————————————————- πραγματικός real, actual, factual, veritable, realistic, virtual From πρᾶγμα (“a thing done, a fact”) +‎ -ικός (-adjective). Adjective πρᾱγμᾰτῐκός • (prāgmatikós) m (feminine πρᾱγμᾰτῐκή, neuter πρᾱγμᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension fit for action or business; businesslike, statesmanlike (substantive) agent, attorney (of things) (of history) political (including military) (of speech or action) able, prudent, statesmanlike relating to subject-matter relating to fact, factual material (opposed to formal, verbal) (magic) effective spell troublesome, formidable (of a citadel) From πρᾱ́σσω (“I do, practice”) +‎ -μᾰ (result noun suffix). ``` πρᾶξῐς • (prâxis) f (genitive πρᾱ́ξεως); third declension deed, act, action, activity business dealing success collection of debts, arrears business, office work, treatise magic spell (euphemistic) sexual intercourse conduct, practice state, condition ``` συμπρᾱ́σσω • (sumprā́ssō) to help to do, assist (in middle) to join in revenging from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti, a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”) ``` ποιέω • (poiéō) To make To create To produce (mathematics) To make, to produce To postulate, imply To solve (post-Homeric) To compose, write poetry To write of (an event) in poetry To invent To cause To cause (accusative) to (infinitive) To procure To celebrate, observe Used in the middle with a noun periphrastically for the verb derived from said noun. (with predicate adjective) To make, cause to be ``` ———————————————————————- ENTELECHY From ἐν- (“in”) +‎ τέλος (“accomplishment, fulfilment; end”) +‎ -ής (noun). ``` ἐντελής • (entelḗs) m or f (neuter ἐντελές); third declension complete, full (of victims) perfect, unblemished (of equipment) in good condition (of men) full-grown, developed possessing full rights qualified to hold public office subject to taxes or tributes Antonym: ἀτελής (atelḗs) ``` entelechy (plural entelechies) (Aristotelian metaphysics) The complete realisation and final form of some potential concept or function; the conditions under which a potential thing becomes actualized. (specifically) In the metaphysics of Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716): a soul; a monad (Leibniz). (chiefly philosophy) A particular type of motivation, need for self-determination, and inner strength directing life and growth to become all one is capable of being; the need to actualize one's beliefs; having both a personal vision and the ability to actualize that vision from within. ἐντελέχειᾰ • (entelékheia) f (genitive ἐντελεχείᾱς); first declension entelechy Coined by Aristotle from ἐντελής (entelḗs, “complete, full, accomplished”) + ἔχειν (ékhein, “have, hold”). From Late Latin entelechia, from Ancient Greek ἐντελέχεια (entelékheia), coined by Aristotle from ἐντελής (entelḗs, “complete, finished, perfect”) (from τέλος (télos, “end, fruition, accomplishment”)) + ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”).

Answer 39

VOID- NON-EXISTENT - ABSENCE From ά- (alpha privative) + ὑπο- (under) + άρχω (begin, rule) + -ία ὑπάρχω < ὑπό + ἄρχω ὑπάρχω ὑπάρχω < ὑπό + ἄρχω ἄρχω start He starts talking - he starts talking I govern , I govern αρχίζω start I start an act or project, I start, I start I am in the beginning, in my beginning αρχινίζω I start ( familiar ) another form of I begin ἀρχαῖος Ancient ἀρχή The Principle ἀρχή θηλυκό power , state , senior administrative position, ministry ⁇ Διὸς ἀρχά beginning man show (Power shows the man's quality) beginning εἴρηται, τὸ μὴ⁇ μα ἀρχῇ πᾶν τέλος καταφαίνεσθαι (they say that the beginning does not reveal the end of a thing) primary element of philosophy ⁇ Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀρχήν εἶναί φησι ψυχήν ※ principle education.The or names visitation ( Arrianos , Acquired Diatrivai , referring to Antisthenes [1] ) reason, cause αὗται δὲ αἱ νέα ἀρχὴ κακῶν ἐγένοντο Ἕλλησί τε καὶ βαρβάροισι first of all, first and foremost, first and foremost ⁇ Ἀρχήν γὰρ ἐγὼ μηχανήσομαι ... - πρωτίστως εγώ θα βρω τρόπο να ... outset and First (adverbial) ``` ανυπαρξία non-existence female the state of non- existence lack , absence the absence of arguments the absence of money ( philosophy ) that there is no existence ※ Stis the xafnisma life when I entered, (oh the peace of nothingness !) ``` ανύπαρκτος non-existent, -η, -ο which does not exist ἀρχαῖος ἀρχαῖος , -α, ον (quotation marks: ἀρχαιέστερος και ἀρχέστατος και ἀρχαιότερος και ἀρχαιότατος) archaic , patriarchal, primitive, ancient Zinos archaiois nomois (primordial laws of Zeus ) the prosocratics (Aristotle's term) ↪ the ancient old-fashioned ↪ ἀρχαιότερος εἶ τοῦ δέοντος the previous , earlier, older, the original ↪ we what ypeixomen of archaic speech (will do a retreat in our original proposal, to what we said at the beginning) ↪ κατὰ τὴν διώρυχα ἐκτραπόμενος ἐκ τῶν ἀρχαίων ῥεέθρων ( να εκτραπεί από την αρχική του κοίτη ) worn ἀρχαῖα ὑποδήματα ἀρχαΐζω I imitate the ancients From ἀρχαῖος + -ίζω ἀρχῆθεν ἀρχῆθεν from old, from the beginning τοῦ δ᾽ ἱροῦ ὡς ἀρχῆθεν ( το ναό τον άφησαν όπως είναι από παλιά) from the beginning foil γὰρ εἶναι ἀρχῆθεν μὴ ἐλθεῖν τὰς γυναῖκας ὅθεν ὅθεν = from where, or from where: is rendered either as an indicative adverb thence or as a question mark desire

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