ADJECTIVES - Greek Flashcards

Question

στενός

Answer 1

CLOSE - NARROW - TIGHT στενός • (stenós) m (feminine στενή, neuter στενό) ``` narrow tight close στενός φίλος stenós fílos close friend ```

Answer 2

LENGTH - HEIGHT - MEASURE μῆκος • (mêkos) n (genitive μήκους or μήκεος); third declension ``` length (spatial measurement) height any linear measurement length (of time) greatness, magnitude ```

Answer 3

TALL - LONG - DEEP - DISTANT μᾰκρός • (makrós) m (feminine μᾰκρᾱ́, neuter μᾰκρόν); first/second declension ``` long tall, deep far, distant (time) long (grammar, of vowels) long ```

Answer 4

``` PAIN - TOIL - EVIL ponéros: toilsome, bad Original Word: πονηρός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: ponéros Phonetic Spelling: (pon-ay-ros') Short Definition: evil, bad, wicked Definition: evil, bad, wicked, malicious, slothful. HELPS Word-studies 4190 ponērós (an adjective which is also used substantively, derived from 4192 /pónos, "pain, laborious trouble") – properly, pain-ridden, emphasizing the inevitable agonies (misery) that always go with evil. ```

Answer 5

WICKED - EVIL ``` πονηρὰ (ponēra) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 9:4 Adj-ANP GRK: τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς NAS: are you thinking evil in your hearts? KJV: think ye evil in your INT: why think you evil in the ``` ``` Matthew 12:35 Adj-ANP GRK: θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει πονηρά NAS: treasure what is evil. KJV: treasure bringeth forth evil things. INT: treasure puts forth evil things ``` Matthew 12:39 Adj-NFS GRK: αὐτοῖς Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς NAS: and said to them, An evil and adulterous KJV: unto them, An evil and INT: to them A generation evil and adulterous Matthew 12:45 Adj-DFS GRK: ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ INT: this the evil ``` Matthew 16:4 Adj-NFS GRK: Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς NAS: An evil and adulterous generation KJV: A wicked and adulterous INT: A generation evil and adulterous ``` ``` Mark 7:23 Adj-NNP GRK: ταῦτα τὰ πονηρὰ ἔσωθεν ἐκπορεύεται NAS: these evil things proceed KJV: these evil things come INT: these evils from within go forth ```

Answer 6

GOOD - SACRED - KIND ``` Original Word: ἀγαθός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: agathos Phonetic Spelling: (ag-ath-os') Short Definition: good Definition: intrinsically good, good in nature, good whether it be seen to be so or not, the widest and most colorless of all words with this meaning. ``` agathós – inherently (intrinsically) good; as to the believer, 18 (agathós) describes what originates from God and is empowered by Him in their life, through faith. ἀγαθός, (ή, (akin to ἄγαμαι to wonder at, think highly of, ἀγαστός admirable, as explained by Plato, Crat., p. 412 c. (others besides; cf. Donaldson, New Crat. § 323)), in general denotes"perfectus, ... qui habet in se ac facit omnia quae habere et facere debet pro notione nominis, officio ac lege" (Irmisch ad Herodian, 1, 4, p. 134), excelling in any respect, distinguished, good. It can be predicated of persons, things, conditions, qualities and affections of the soul, deeds, times and seasons. To this general significance can be traced back all those senses which the word gathers from the connection in which it stands; 1. of a good constitution or nature: γῆ, Luke 8:8; δένδρον, Matthew 7:18, in sense equivalent to 'fertile soil,' 'a fruitful tree,' (Xenophon, oec. 16, 7 γῆ ἀγαθή, ... γῆ κακῇ, an. 2, 4, 22 χώρας πολλῆς καί ἀγαθῆς οὔσης). In Luke 8:15 ἀγαθή καρδία corresponds to the figurative expression good ground, and denotes a soul inclined to goodness, and accordingly eager to learn saving truth and ready to bear the fruits (καρπούς ἀγαθούς, James 3:17) of a Christian life. 2. useful, salutary: δόσις ἀγαθή (joined to δώρημα τέλειον) a gift which is truly a gift, salutary, James 1:17; δόματα ἀγαθά, Matthew 7:11; ἐντολή ἀγαθός a commandment profitable to those who keep it, Romans 7:12, according to a Greek scholium equivalent to εἰς τό συμφέρον ἐισηγουμένη, hence, the question in Romans 7:13: τό οὖν ἀγαθόν ἐμοί γέγονε θάνατος; ἀγαθός μερίς the 'good part,' which insures salvation to him who chooses it, Luke 10:42; ἔργον ἀγαθόν (differently in Romans 2:7, etc.) the saving work of God, i. e. substantially, the Christian life, due to divine efficiency, Philippians 1:6 (cf. the commentaries at the passage); εἰς ἀγαθόν for good, to advantage, Romans 8:28 (Sir. 7:13; πάντα τοῖς ἐυσεβέσι εἰς ἀγαθά ... τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς εἰς κακά, Sir. 39:27; τό κακόν ... γίγνεται εἰς ἀγαθόν, Theognis 162); good for, suited to something: πρός οἰκοδομήν, Ephesians 4:29 (cf. Winers Grammar, 363 (340)) (Xenophon, mem. 4, 6, 10). 3. of the feeling awakened by what is good, pleasant, agreeable, joyful, happy: ἡμέραι ἀγαθάς 1 Peter 3:10 (Psalm 33:13 (); Sir. 14:14; 1 Macc. 10:55); ἐλπίς, 2 Thessalonians 2:16 (μακαρία ἐλπίς, Titus 2:13); συνείδησις, a peaceful conscience, equivalent to consciousness of rectitude, Acts 23:1; 1 Timothy 1:5, 19; 1 Peter 3:16; reconciled to God, 1 Peter 3:21. 4. excellent, distinguished: so τί ἀγαθόν, John 1:46 (John 1:47). 5. upright, honorable: Matthew 12:34; Matthew 19:16; Luke 6:45; Acts 11:24; 1 Peter 3:11, etc.; πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, Matthew 5:45; Matthew 22:10; ἀγαθός καί δίκαιος, Luke 23:50; καρδία ἀγαθή καί καλή, Luke 8:15 (see καλός, b.); fulfilling the duty or service demanded, δοῦλε ἀγαθέ καί πιστέ, Matthew 25:21, 23; upright, free from guile, particularly from a desire to corrupt the people, John 7:12; preeminently of God, as consummately and essentially good, Matthew 19:17 (Mark 10:18; Luke 18:19); ἀγαθός θησαυρός in Matthew 12:35; Luke 6:45 denotes the soul considered as the repository of pure thoughts which are brought forth in speech; πίστις ἀγαθός the fidelity due from a servant to his master, Titus 2:10 (WH marginal reading omits); on ἀγαθόν ἔργον, ἀγαθά ἔργα, see ἔργον. In a narrower sense, benevolent, kind, generous: Matthew 20:15; 1 Peter 2:18; μνεία, 1 Thessalonians 3:6 (cf. 2 Macc. 7:20); beneficent (Xenophon, Cyril 3, 3, 4; טוב, Jeremiah 33:11; Psalm 34:9; Cicero, nat. deor. 2, 25, 64 "optimus i. e.beneficentissimus), Romans 5:7, where the meaning is, Hardly for an innocent man does one encounter death; for if he even dares hazard his life for another, he does so for a benefactor (one from whom he has received favors); cf. Winer's Grammar, 117 (111); (Gifford in the Speaker's Commentary, p. 123). The neuter used substantively denotes: 1. a good thing, convenience, advantage, and in partic. a. in the plural, external goods, riches: Luke 1:53; Luke 12:18f. (Sir. 14:4; Wis. 7:11); τά ἀγαθά σου comforts and delights which thy wealth procured for thee in abundance, Luke 16:25 (opposed to κακά, as in Sir. 11:14); outward and inward good things, Galatians 6:6, cf. Wieseler at the passage. b. the benefits of the Messianic kingdom: Romans 10:15; τά μέλλοντα ἀγαθῶν, Hebrews 9:11; Hebrews 10:1. 2. what is upright, honorable, and acceptable to God: Romans 12:2; ἐργάζεσθαι τό ἀγαθόν Romans 2:10; Ephesians 4:28; πράσσειν, Romans 9:11; (2 Corinthians 5:10); διώκειν, 1 Thessalonians 5:15; μιμεῖσθαι, 3 John 1:11; κολλᾶσθαι τῷ ἀγαθῷ Romans 12:9; τί με ἐρωτᾷς περί τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, Matthew 19:17 G L T Tr WH, where the word expresses the general idea of right. Specifically, what is salutary, suited to the course of human affairs: in the phrase διάκονος εἰς τό ἀγαθόν Romans 13:4; of rendering service, Galatians 6:10; Romans 12:21; τό ἀγαθόν σου the favor thou conferrest, Philemon 1:14. ("It is to be regarded as a peculiarity in the usage of the Sept. that טוב good is predominantly (?) rendered by καλός.... The translator of Genesis uses ἀγαθός only in the neuter, good, goods, and this has been to a degree the model for the other translators. ... In the Greek O. T., where οἱ δίκαιοι is the technical designation of the pious, οἱ ἀγαθοί or ὁ ἀγαθός does not occur in so general a sense. The ἀνήρ ἀγαθός is peculiar only to the Proverbs (Proverbs 13:22, 24; Proverbs 15:3); cf. besides the solitary instance in 1 Kings 2:32. Thus, even in the usage of the O. T. we are reminded of Christ's words, Mark 10:18, οὐδείς ἀγαθός εἰ μή εἷς ὁ Θεός. In the O. T. the term 'righteous' makes reference rather to a covenant and to one's relation to a positive standard; ἀγαθός would express the absolute idea of moral goodness" (Zezschwitz, Profangraec. u. Biblical Sprachgeist, Leipz. 1859, p. 60). Cf. Tittm., p. 19. On the comparison of ἀγαθός see B. 27 (24).)

Answer 7

GOOD - WORTHY - USEFUL - HONORABLE Original Word: καλός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: kalos Phonetic Spelling: (kal-os') Short Definition: beautiful, good, worthy Definition: beautiful, as an outward sign of the inward good, noble, honorable character; good, worthy, honorable, noble, and seen to be so. kalós – attractively good; good that inspires (motivates) others to embrace what is lovely (beautiful, praiseworthy); i.e. well done so as to be winsome (appealing). καλός, καλή, καλόν (probably primarily 'sound,' 'hale,' 'whole ;' cf. Vanicek, p. 140f; Curtius, § 31), the Sept. for יָפֶה beautiful, but much more often for טוב good; beautiful, applied by the Greeks to everything so distinguished in form, excellence, goodness, usefulness, as to be pleasing; hence (according to the context) equivalent to "beautiful, handsome, excellent, eminent, choice, surpassing, precious, useful, suitable, commendable, admirable"; beautiful to look at, shapely, magnificent: λίθοις καλοῖς κεκόσμηται (A. V. goodly), Luke 21:5. good, excellent in its nature and characteristics, and therefore well adapted to its ends: joined to the names of material objects, universally, 1 Timothy 4:4 (equivalent to pure); especially of things so constituted as to answer the purpose for which that class of things was created; good of its kind: τά καλά, of fish, opposed to such as are thrown away (τά σαπρά), Matthew 13:48; σπέρμα, Matthew 13:24, 21, 37f; καρπός, Matthew 3:10; Matthew 7:17-19; Matthew 12:33; Luke 3:9 (L WH brackets καλόν); ; δένδρον, opposed to σαπρόν, Matthew 12:33; Luke 6:43; γῆ, Matthew 13:8, 23; Mark 4:8, 20; Luke 8:15; καλόν τό ἅλας (is an excellent thing), Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34; so too ὁ νόμος, good in its substance and nature, and fitted to beget good, Romans 7:16; 1 Timothy 1:8; διδασκαλία, true and approved teaching, 1 Timothy 4:6; καρδία καλή καί ἀγαθή, Luke 8:15; παραθήκη (which see) (containing (rather, consisting of) καλά), 2 Timothy 1:14; μέτρον, ample measure (rabbinical, טובה מדה; English good measure), Luke 6:38; βαθμός (firm (but see βαθμός)), 1 Timothy 3:13; also θεμέλιος, 1 Timothy 6:19; equivalent to genuine, approved, πάντα δοκιμάζετε, τό καλόν κατέχετε, 1 Thessalonians 5:21; equivalent to precious (A. V. goodly), μαργαρῖται, Matthew 13:45; equivalent to superior to other kinds, οἶνος, John 2:10; joined to names of men designated by their office, competent, able, such as one ought to be: ποιμήν, John 10:11, 14; διάκονος, 1 Timothy 4:6; οἰκονόμος, 1 Peter 4:10; στρατιώτης, 2 Timothy 2:3; joined to nouns denoting an effect estimated by the power it involves, or by its constancy, or by the end aimed at by its author, equivalent to praiseworthy, noble: στρατεία, 1 Timothy 1:18; ἀγών, 1 Timothy 6:12; 2 Timothy 4:7; ὁμολογία, 1 Timothy 6:12f; ἔργον, Matthew 26:10; Mark 14:6; John 10:33; 1 Timothy 3:1; plural John 10:32. καλόν ἐστιν, it is expedient, profitable, wholesome: followed by an infinitive as subject, 1 Corinthians 7:1; with τίνι added (so in 1 Corinthians, the passage cited also), Matthew 18:8f (cf. Winers Grammar, 241 (226); Buttmann, § 149, 7); Mark 9:43, 45, 47, R G (also L Tr marginal reading in 47); 1 Corinthians 7:26; 1 Corinthians 9:15; καλόν ἐστιν followed by the accusative and infinitive, Mark 9:43, 45, 47, L (but see above) T Tr (but not marginal reading, see above) WH; Hebrews 13:9; followed by εἰ (cf. Buttmann, 217 (187f); Winer's Grammar, 282 (265)), Matthew 26:24; Mark 9:42; Mark 14:21; followed by ἐάν (Buttmann and Winer's Grammar, as above), 1 Corinthians 7:8; it is pleasant, delightful, followed by an accusative with an infinitive: Matthew 17:4; Mark 9:5; Luke 9:33. c. beautiful by reason of purity of heart and life, and hence praiseworthy; morally good, noble, (Latinhonestus; (cf. Aristotle, τό καθ' αὐτό καλόν)): διάκρισις καλοῦ τέ καί κακοῦ, Hebrews 5:14; ἔργα, Matthew 5:16; 1 Timothy 5:10, 25; 1 Timothy 6:18; Titus 2:7, 14; Titus 3:8, 14; Hebrews 10:24; 1 Peter 2:12, and Lachmann in 2 Peter 1:10; ἀναστροφή, James 3:13; 1 Peter 2:12; καλή συνείδησις, consciousness of good deeds (A. V. a good conscience), Hebrews 13:18; καλά, καλόν ἐνώπιον τίνος, in one's judgment, Romans 12:17; 2 Corinthians 8:21; 1 Timothy 2:3 and Rec. in 1 Timothy 5:4; ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ, Galatians 4:18; τό καλόν κατεργάζεσθαι, Romans 7:18; ποιεῖν, Romans 7:21; 2 Corinthians 13:7; Galatians 6:9; James 4:17; καλόν ἐστιν, it is right, proper, becoming, followed by an infinitive: Matthew 15:26 (L T ἔξεστιν); (Mark 7:27); Galatians 4:18 (here Tr marginal reading imperative); Romans 14:21. d. honorable, conferring honor: μαρτυρία, 1 Timothy 3:7; ὄνομα, James 2:7; οὐ καλόν τό καύχημα ὑμῶν, 1 Corinthians 5:6. e. affecting the mind agreeably, comforting and confirming: Θεοῦ ῤῆμα (the Sept. for טוב דָּבָר, which is spoken of the divine promises, Joshua 21:45; Zechariah 1:13), the gospel and its promises full of consolation, Hebrews 6:5. Compar. καλλίων, κάλλιον, better: neut, adverbially, σύ κάλλιον ἐπιγινώσκεις, i. e. better than by thy question thou seemest to know, Acts 25:10 (Winers Grammar, 242 (227)). The word is not found in the Apocalypse. (Cf. Trench, § cvi. at the end; Zezschwitz, Profangräcität as above with, p. 60f (cf. ἀγαθός, at the end); Westcott on John 10:11.)

Answer 8

CORRUPT - ROTTEN Original Word: σαπρός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: sapros Phonetic Spelling: (sap-ros') Short Definition: rotten, useless, corrupt Definition: rotten, useless, corrupt, depraved. saprós – properly, rotten (putrid), over-ripe; (figuratively) over-done (ripened); hence, corrupt. "4550 (saprós) is (akin to sēpō, 'to rot'), primarily, of vegetable and animal substances, expresses what is of poor quality, unfit for use, putrid" (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 49); sapros – "of poor or bad quality" (L & N, 1, 65.28). 1. rotten, putrid ((Hipponax), Hippcr., Aristophanes, others). 2. corrupted by age and no lounger fit for use, worn out (Aristophanes, Dio Chr., others); hence, in general, of poor quality, bad, unfit for use, worthless (A. V. corrupt) (πᾶν, ὁ μή τήν ἰδίαν χρείαν πληροι, σαπρόν λέγομεν, Chrysostom hom. 4 on 1 Timothy): δένδρον, καρπός, opposed to καλός, Matthew 7:17; Matthew 12:33; Luke 6:43; fishes, Matthew 13:48 (here A. V. bad); tropically, λόγος, Ephesians 4:29 (cf. Harless at the passage); δόγμα, Epictetus 3, 22, 61. Cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 377f. From sepo; rotten, i.e. Worthless (literally or morally) -- bad, corrupt. Compare poneros.

Answer 9

``` Original Word: αἰώνιος, ία, ιον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aiónios Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-o'-nee-os) Short Definition: eternal, unending Definition: age-long, and therefore: practically eternal, unending; partaking of the character of that which lasts for an age, as contrasted with that which is brief and fleeting. ``` From aion; perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well) -- eternal, for ever, everlasting, world (began). ``` Original Word: αἰώνιος, ία, ιον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aiónios Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-o'-nee-os) Short Definition: eternal, unending Definition: age-long, and therefore: practically eternal, unending; partaking of the character of that which lasts for an age, as contrasted with that which is brief and fleeting. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 166 aiṓnios (an adjective, derived from 165 /aiṓn ("an age, having a particular character and quality") – properly, "age-like" ("like-an-age"), i.e. an "age-characteristic" (the quality describing a particular age); (figuratively) the unique quality (reality) of God's life at work in the believer, i.e. as the Lord manifests His self-existent life (as it is in His sinless abode of heaven). "Eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life operates simultaneously outside of time, inside of time, and beyond time – i.e. what gives time its everlasting meaning for the believer through faith, yet is also time-independent. See 165 (aiōn). ``` [166 (aiṓnios) does not focus on the future per se, but rather on the quality of the age (165 /aiṓn) it relates to. Thus believers live in "eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life" right now, experiencing this quality of God's life now as a present possession. (Note the Gk present tense of having eternal life in Jn 3:36, 5:24, 6:47; cf. Ro 6:23.)] ``` Strong's Concordance aiónios: agelong, eternal Original Word: αἰώνιος, ία, ιον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aiónios Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-o'-nee-os) Short Definition: eternal, unending Definition: age-long, and therefore: practically eternal, unending; partaking of the character of that which lasts for an age, as contrasted with that which is brief and fleeting. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 166 aiṓnios (an adjective, derived from 165 /aiṓn ("an age, having a particular character and quality") – properly, "age-like" ("like-an-age"), i.e. an "age-characteristic" (the quality describing a particular age); (figuratively) the unique quality (reality) of God's life at work in the believer, i.e. as the Lord manifests His self-existent life (as it is in His sinless abode of heaven). "Eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life operates simultaneously outside of time, inside of time, and beyond time – i.e. what gives time its everlasting meaning for the believer through faith, yet is also time-independent. See 165 (aiōn). ``` [166 (aiṓnios) does not focus on the future per se, but rather on the quality of the age (165 /aiṓn) it relates to. Thus believers live in "eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life" right now, experiencing this quality of God's life now as a present possession. (Note the Gk present tense of having eternal life in Jn 3:36, 5:24, 6:47; cf. Ro 6:23.)] ``` NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from aión Definition agelong, eternal NASB Translation eternal (66), eternity (1), forever (1). ``` Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 166: αἰώνιος αἰώνιος, , and (in 2 Thessalonians 2:16; Hebrews 9:12; Numbers 25:13; Plato, Tim., p. 38 b. (see below); Diodorus 1:1; (cf. WHs Appendix, p. 157; Winers Grammar, 69 (67); Buttmann, 26 (23))) αἰώνιος, αἰώνια, αἰώνιον (αἰών); 1. without beginning or end, that which always has been and always will be: Θεός, Romans 16:26 (ὁ μόνος αἰώνιος, 2 Macc. 1:25); πνεῦμα, Hebrews 9:14. 2. without beginning: χρόνοις αἰωνίοις, Romans 16:25; πρό χρόνων αἰωνίων, 2 Timothy 1:9; Titus 1:2; εὐαγγέλιον, a gospel whose subject-matter is eternal, i. e., the saving purpose of God adopted from eternity, Revelation 14:6. 3. without end, never to cease, everlasting: 2 Corinthians 4:18 (opposed to πρόσκαιρος); αἰώνιον αὐτόν, joined to thee forever as a sharer of the same eternal life, Philcmon 1:15; βάρος δόξης, 2 Corinthians 4:17; βασιλεία, 2 Peter 1:11; δόξα, 2 Timothy 2:10; 1 Peter 5:10; ζωή (see ζωή, 2 b.); κληρονομία, Hebrews 9:15; λύτρωσις, Hebrews 9:12; παράκλησις, 2 Thessalonians 2:16; σκηναί, abodes to be occupied forever, Luke 16:9 (the habitations of the blessed in heaven are referred to, cf. John 14:2 (also,dabo eis tabernacula aeterna, quae praeparaveram illis, 4 Esdras (Fritzsche, 5 Esdr.) []); similarly Hades is called αἰώνιος τόπος, Tobit 3:6, cf. Ecclesiastes 12:5); σωτηρία, Hebrews 5:9; (so Mark 16 (WH) in the (rejected) 'Shorter Conclusion'). Opposite ideas are: κόλασις, Matthew 25:46; κρίμα, Hebrews 6:2; κρίσις, Mark 3:29 (Rec. (but L T WH Tr text ἁμαρτήματος; in Acta Thom. § 47, p. 227 Tdf., ἔσται σοι τοῦτο εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν καί λύτρον αἰωνίων παραπτωμάτων, it has been plausibly conjectured we should read λύτρον, αἰώνιον (cf. Hebrews 9:12))); ὄλεθρος (Lachmann text ὀλέθριος, 2 Thessalonians 1:9 (4 Macc. 10:15); πῦρ, Matthew 25:41 (4 Macc. 12:12 αἰωνίῳ πυρί καί βασάνοις, αἱ εἰς ὅλον τόν αἰῶνα οὐκ ἀρνήσουσί σε). (Of the examples of αἰώνιος from Philo (with whom it is less common than ἀΐδιος, which see, of which there are some fifty instances) the following are noteworthy: de mut. nora. § 2; de caritate § 17; κόλασις αἰώνιος fragment in Mang. 2:667 at the end (Richter 6:229 middle); cf. de praem, et poen. § 12. Other examples are de alleg, leg. iii., § 70; de poster. Caini § 35; quod deus immut. § 30; quis rer. div. her. § 58; de congressu quaer, erud. § 19; de secular sec 38; de somn. ii. § 43; de Josepho § 24; quod omn. prob. book § 4, § 18; de ebrietate § 32; de Abrah. § 10; ζωή αἰώνιος: de secular § 15; Θεός (ὁ) αἰώνιος: de plantat. § 2, § 18 (twice), § 20 (twice);de mundo § 2. from Josephus: Antiquities 7, 14, 5; 12, 7, 3; 15, 10, 5; b. j. 1, 33, 2; 6, 2, I; κλέος αἰών Antiquities 4, 6, 5; b. j. 3, 8, 5, μνήμη αἱ.: Antiquities 1, 13, 4; 6, 14, 4; 10, 11, 7; 15, 11, 1; οἶκον μέν αἰώνιον ἔχεις (of God), Antiquities 8, 4, 2; ἐφυλάχθη ὁ Ἰωάννης δεσμοῖς αἰωνίοις, b. j. 6, 9, 4. SYNONYMS: ἀΐδιος, αἰώνιος: ἀΐδιος covers the complete philosophic idea — without beginning and without end; also either without beginning or without end; as respects the past, it is applied to what has existed time out of mind. αἰώνιος (from Plato on) gives prominence to the immeasurableness of eternity (while such words as συνεχής continuous, unintermitted, διατελής perpetual, lasting to the end, are not so applicable to an abstract term, like αἰών); αἰώνιος accordingly is especially adapted to supersensuous things, see the N. T. Cf. Tim. Locr. 96 c. Θεόν δέ τόν μέν αἰώνιον νόος ὄρη μόνος etc.; Plato, Tim. 37 d. (and Stallbaum at the passage); 38 b. c.; legg. x., p. 904 a. ἀνώλεθρον δέ ὄν γενόμενον, ἀλλ' οὐκ αἰώνιον. Cf. also Plato's διαιώνιος (Tim. 38 b.; 39 e.). Schmidt, chapter 45.

Answer 10

STRAIGHT - DIRECT - MORALLY SHARP εὐθῠ́ς • (euthús) m (feminine εὐθεῖᾰ, neuter εὐθῠ́); first/third declension straight, direct (in a moral sense) straightforward, open, frank

Answer 11

SUGGESTION - EDUCATED GUESS ῠ̔ποθετῐκός • (hupothetikós) m (feminine ῠ̔ποθετῐκή, neuter ῠ̔ποθετῐκόν); first/second declension hypothetical belonging to the subject suggestive, hortatory hortatory From Middle French hortatoire, from Latin hortor (“encourage”). hortatory (comparative more hortatory, superlative most hortatory) Giving exhortation or advice; encouraging. hortatory (plural hortatories) Exhortation or advice; incitement; encouragement.

Answer 12

Ancient Greek προτρεπτικός (protreptikós, “hortatory”), from προτρέπω (protrépō, “to urge on”). protreptic (comparative more protreptic, superlative most protreptic) Serving to instruct; didactic protreptic (plural protreptics) A didactic speech, book, etc.

Answer 13

From French didactique, from Ancient Greek διδακτικός (didaktikós, “skilled in teaching”), from διδακτός (didaktós, “taught, learnt”), from διδάσκω (didáskō, “I teach, educate”). didactic (comparative more didactic, superlative most didactic) Instructive or intended to teach or demonstrate, especially with regard to morality.

Answer 14

CORRECT - RIGHT - TRUE σωστός • (sostós) m (feminine σωστή, neuter σωστό) ``` correct, right Synonym: ορθός (orthós) Antonym: λάθος (láthos) real, true (figuratively) well-mannered, well-behaved. ``` Verbal adjective of the verb σώζω (sṓzō, “to save”), hence literally "safe and sound; secure; sure, certain".

Answer 15

REDEEM - SAVE - RESCUE σώζω • (sózo) (simple past έσωσα, passive σώζομαι) save, rescue (computing) save (a file) (religion) redeem, save

Answer 16

SAFE - SOUND - HEAL - CERTAIN σῶς (sôs, “safe, sound”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō), from Pre-Hellenic form *σάϜος (*sáWos), from Proto-Indo-European *tweh₂-u-s, from *tewh₂- (“to be strong”). σῴζω • (sṓizō) I save 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.503 νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι / ἠὲ σαωθῆναι καὶ ἀπώσασθαι κακὰ νηῶν. nûn árkion ḕ apolésthai / ēè saōthênai kaì apṓsasthai kakà nēôn. Now it is sure that we must either perish utterly or find deliverance by thrusting back the peril from the ships. I heal 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, The Coan Praenotions 136 (Christianity) I save New Testament, First Epistle to the Corinthians 1:21 εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς […] σῶσαι τοὺς πιστεύοντας. eudókēsen ho theòs […] sôsai toùs pisteúontas. it was God's good pleasure […] to save those who believe

Answer 17

STRAIGHT - RIGHT - ERECT ορθός • (orthós) m (feminine ορθή, neuter ορθό) upright, erect straight correct, right, sound. ορθή γωνία f (orthí gonía, “right angle”)

Answer 18

ERROR - MISTAKE λάθος • (láthos) n (plural λάθη) error, mistake λανθασμένος (lanthasménos, “wrong, in error”) λανθασμένα (lanthasména, “wrongly, incorrectly”) From λανθασμένος (lanthasménos, “incorrect”), from λάθος (láthos, “error”) λανθασμένα • (lanthasména) ``` incorrectly, wrongly (in an incorrect manner) Synonyms Edit λανθασμένως (lanthasménos) Related terms Edit λάθος ```

Answer 19

TWIN - PAIR - MATE - YOKE From Ancient Greek ζυγόν (zugón), ζυγός (zugós), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm (“yoke”). ζυγός • (zygós) m (feminine ζυγή, neuter ζυγό) (mathematics) even μονά ή ζυγά (odds or evens) 2, 4, 6... είναι ζυγοί αριθμοί (2, 4, 6... are even numbers) twin ``` ζυγά-ζυγά (zygá-zygá, “two by two”) Noun Edit ζυγός • (zygós) m (plural ζυγοί) scales, balance (for weighing) yoke. ``` ζύγισμα n (zýgisma, “weighing”) Ζυγός m (Zygós, “Libra”) σύζυγος m f (sýzygos, “spouse”) αζύγιαστος (azýgiastos, “not weighed, not calculated”) βρεφοζυγός m (vrefozygós, “weighing machine for babies”) ζυγαριά f (zygariá, “scales, balance, weighing machine”)

Answer 20

FREE - SINGLE - AVAILABLE λεύτερος (léfteros) free ελεύθερος • (eléftheros) m (feminine ελεύθερη, neuter ελεύθερο) free, single, available ελεύθερο n (eléfthero, “authorisation, freestyle”) and see: ελευθερία f (elefthería, “freedom”)

Answer 21

COWARDICE - FEARFUL ``` Original Word: δειλός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: deilos Phonetic Spelling: (di-los') Definition: cowardly, fearful Usage: cowardly, timid, fearful. HELPS Word-studies 1169 deilós (an adjective derived from deidō, "fear-driven") – properly, dreadful, describing a person who loses their "moral gumption (fortitude)" that is needed to follow the Lord. ``` 1169 /deilós ("fearful of losses") refers to an excessive fear (dread) of "losing," causing someone to be fainthearted (cowardly) – hence, to fall short in following Christ as Lord. [1169 /deilós is always used negatively in the NT and stands in contrast to the positive fear which can be expressed by 5401 /phóbos ("fear," see Phil 2:12).] of Christians who through cowardice give way under persecutions and apostatize. From deos (dread); timid, i.e. (by implication) faithless -- fearful.

Answer 22

SAME - COMMON - JOINT ὁμός (homós, “same”) +‎ -γενής ("of a kind”) ὁμογενής • of the same race, family or kind. -γενής • (-genḗs) m, f (neuter -γενές); third declension (forming adjectives) born in a certain place or condition. (forming adjectives) of a kind. -γενής • (-genís) m (feminine -γενής, neuter -γενές) (forming adjectives) where the defined, originates from what the first part denotes. ένδον (éndon, “within”) + ‎-γενής (-genís) → ‎ενδογενής (endogenís, “endogenous”) (forming adjectives) where the defined comes in a specific order δεύτερος (défteros, “second”) + ‎-γενής (-genís) → ‎δευτερογενής (defterogenís, “who comes second, consequent”) _______________________________________ ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension same, common, joint. ὅμοιος (hómoios, “like, similar”) οὐσία (ousía, “being (noun)”) ὅμοιος (hómoios, “like, similar”) ὁμοιούσιος (homoioúsios, “of like being, of similar being”) ὁμοούσιος (homooúsios, “of same being”) οὖσα

Answer 23

NOT JUST - NOT RIGHTEOUS from alpha (as a neg. prefix) and diké ``` ἄδικος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: adikos Phonetic Spelling: (ad'-ee-kos) Definition: unjust, unrighteous Usage: unjust, unrighteous, wicked. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 94 ádikos (an adjective, derived from 1 /A "no" and 1349 /díkē, "justice") – properly, without justice; unjust, because violating what God says is just; divinely disapproved. See 93 (adikia). ``` 94/ádikos ("unjust") is injustice as a breach of divine justice, i.e. in violation of God's standards. 94 /ádikos ("unjust") describes being found guilty in God's court of law, i.e. as a binding, legal infraction against His law which calls for divine retribution for disrespecting true justice. _______________________________________ δίκη, ης, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: diké Phonetic Spelling: (dee'-kay) Definition: right (as self-evident), justice (the principle, a decision or its execution) Usage: (a) (originally: custom, usage) right, justice, (b) process of law, judicial hearing, (c) execution of sentence, punishment, penalty, (d) justice, vengeance. Cognate: 1349 díkē – properly, right, especially a judicial verdict which declares someone approved or disapproved; a judgment (just finding) that regards someone (something) as "guilty" or "innocent." See 1343 (dikaiosynē). [1349 (díkē) is used in classical Greek for a legal decision – a recompense (based on justice). In the LXX, dikē is used nine times to translate rî, the Hebrew term for "law-suit."]

Answer 24

TRUE - TRUTH REAL - GENUINE - AUTHENTIC NOT FORGOTTEN NOR HIDDEN From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ λήθω (lḗthō, “hide, forget”), variant of λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to do secretly”), +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix): literally, "unconcealed" or "not forgotten". ᾰ̓ληθής • (alēthḗs) m, f (neuter ᾰ̓ληθές); third declension (of things) true, real, genuine (of people) truthful, honest 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 217e: οἶνος […] ἦν ἀληθής oînos […] ên alēthḗs Wine is truthful. (in vino veritas) (neuter accusative plural, ἀληθῆ, in answer to a question) that's right. _______________________________________ LATIN - VERITAS veritas In Roman mythology, Veritas, meaning truth, is the goddess of truth, a daughter of Chronos, the God of Time (who has been identified with Saturn-Cronus, perhaps first by Plutarch), and the mother of Virtus. She is also sometimes considered the daughter of Zeus,[1] or a creation of Prometheus.[2][3] The elusive goddess is said to have hidden in the bottom of a holy well.[4] She is depicted both as a virgin dressed in white and as the "naked truth" (nuda veritas) holding a hand mirror. _________________________________________ HOLY WELL A holy well or sacred spring is a spring or other small body of water revered either in a Christian or pagan context, sometimes both. The term holy well is commonly employed to refer to any water source of limited size (i.e. not a lake or river, but including pools and natural springs and seeps), which has some significance in the folklore of the area where it is located, whether in the form of a particular name, an associated legend, the attribution of healing qualities to the water through the numinous presence of its guardian spirit or Christian saint, or a ceremony or ritual centred on the well site. In Christian legend, the water is often said to have been made to flow by the action of a saint, a familiar theme especially in the hagiography of Celtic saints. In ancient Greece and Rome a nymphaeum or nymphaion (Greek: νυμφαίον), was a monument consecrated to the nymphs, especially those of springs.

Answer 25

EQUAL Synonyms (same): αὐτός (autós), ὁμός (homós) ῐ̓́σος • (ísos) m (feminine ῐ̓́ση, neuter ῐ̓́σον); first/second declension (of size, strength, or number) equal (to), equivalent (to), the same as [+dative = something, someone] (of appearance) like [+dative = something, someone] (with implied reference point) like, similar (with pronoun) like someone's x repeated to denote relationship between equal persons or things ἴσα πρὸς ἴσα ísa pròs ísa tit for tat (not comparable, mathematics) equal to [+dative = a number]; (in the plural) equal (to each other) (not comparable, geometry, of lines) of equal length; (of shapes) congruent; of equal area just, fair (comparable, politics) equal in rights, based on equality of rights (of persons) impartial neuter plural τὰ ἴσα (tà ísa) as substantive: equal rights, equality (rare) adequate (of land) even, level, flat neuter singular (τὸ) ἴσον ((tò) íson) as substantive: level ground εἰς τὸ ἴσον eis tò íson (on)to level ground ὡς ἰσαίτατα (hōs isaítata): as equally as possible 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians : τοὺς δ’ ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας διανεῖμαι σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τέτταρα μέρη ὡς ἰσαίτατα toùs d’ hekatòn ándras dianeîmai sphâs te autoùs kaì toùs állous téttara mérē hōs isaítata for the Hundred Men to divide themselves and the others into four divisions as equally as possible 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 5.744c: τὰς τιμάς τε καὶ ἀρχὰς ὡς ἰσαίτατα τῷ ἀνίσῳ συμμέτρῳ δὲ ἀπολαμβάνοντες tàs timás te kaì arkhàs hōs isaítata tôi anísōi summétrōi dè apolambánontes receiving honors and offices as equally as possible by the rule of symmetrical inequality. ________________________________ αὐτός • (autós) m, αὐτή (autḗ) f, αὐτό (autó) n; first/second declension (with definite article) same. (without article) self (in nominative, emphasizing the subject) (reflexive pronoun, in oblique cases) himself, herself, itself, themselves (in philosophy, of an abstract idea) by or in itself (without article, in oblique cases, 3rd person personal pronoun) he, she, it, they

Answer 26

FEW - SMALL AMOUNT Adjective Edit ὀλῐ́γος • (olígos) m (feminine ὀλῐ́γη, neuter ὀλῐ́γον); first/second declension Of small amount: few, little Of small size: little, small Of small degree: slight

Answer 27

MANY - MUCH - A LOT - FILL πολῠ́ς • (polús) m (feminine πολλή, neuter πολῠ́); first/second declension ``` (of number, in the plural) many, a lot of (with nouns of multitude) large, great (of amount, with mass nouns) a lot of, much (rare, of a person) great, mighty (of sound) loud (attributively, adverbial) strongly, fully (of space) wide, large (of distance) far (of time) long; late πολὺν χρόνον polùn khrónon for a long time. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús (“much, many”), o-grade derivative of the root *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognates include Latin plūs (“more”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much, many, abundant”), Old Irish oll (“great, vast”), Old English feolo (“much, many”) and Old Armenian յոլով (yolov). ____________________________________ Old English - feolo, fela Modern English - FILL I got my fill. Fill it up to the top. From Proto-Germanic *felu. Originally the neuter singular form of older *feluz (“many”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelu-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much, very”), Old Irish oll (“great, vast”), Latin plus, Ancient Greek πολύς (polús). fela (indeclinable; usually + genitive) ``` much, many Hū fela fingra healde iċ upp? How many fingers am I holding up? Swā fela. This many. ``` From Proto-Germanic *felu, from Proto-Indo-European *pelu-, *pel-. Cognate with Old Saxon filo, filu, Old High German filu (German viel), Old Norse fjǫl- in compounds, Icelandic fjöl- in compounds, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek πολύς (polús), Latin plus, Old Irish il (Welsh lliaws). Old Irish - OLL From Proto-Celtic *ɸolnos, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁-, o-grade derivative of the root *pelh₁- (“to fill”). Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”), Latin plūs (“more”), Sanskrit पुरु (purú, “much, many, abundant”), and Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much, very”). ________________________________________ Latin plūs From Old Latin *plous, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-, *pelh₁u- (“many”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”), Old English feolo (“much, many”). More at fele. *pleh₁- (perfective) to fill ``` πῐ́μπλημῐ • (pímplēmi) Verb I fill. I fill full, satisfy, glut. I fill an office. (middle) I fill (for) myself. (passive) I am made to be full. I have been filled. I am satisfied, I have enough. I am pregnant. ``` πλήθω • (plḗthō) Verb I am or become full, I swell. From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-. Cognates include Latin pleo, Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to fill”) πῐ́μπλημῐ • (pímplēmi) Verb. I fill [+genitive or dative = with something] From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-. Cognates include Latin pleo, Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to fill”) and Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬞𐬁𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (hampāfrāiti). Latin - From Proto-Italic *plēō, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). See plēnus. pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation to fill, to fulfill. plēnus (feminine plēna, neuter plēnum); first/second declension (with genitive, or ablative in later Latin) full (of), filled, plump. satisfied. From Proto-Italic *plēnos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós (“full”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πλήρης (plḗrēs) and πλέως (pléōs), Sanskrit पूर्ण (pūrṇa), Old English full (English full), Persian پر‎ (por), Old Irish lán, Old Church Slavonic пльнъ (plĭnŭ), Lithuanian pilnas. πλήρης • (plḗrēs) m, f (neuter πλῆρες); third declension full [+genitive = of something], complete.

Answer 28

FREEWILL - FREEDOM - GUILT Must I participate in a fraud? Must I lie? Must I act against my own interest? Must I remain deceived? Must I accept repugnant moral corruption? Must my opinion have no value to myself? Must I be enslaved to another's model? Must I accept an unfair exchange? Must I bargain from a position of weakness? Must I allow my trust to be violated? Must I remain confused and bewildered to law? Must I be subject to legal impossibilities? Must my labor benefit others more than myself? From ἐλεύθερος (eleútheros, “free”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱ • (eleutheríā) f (genitive ἐλευθερῐ́ᾱς); first declension freedom, liberty. Ἐλευθερία ἢ Θάνατος. Freedom or Death. manumission license. ἐλεύθερος Free Freeman (substantive) freedom. ____________________________________ WILL - VOLITION - CHOICE βούληση • (voúlisi) f (plural βουλήσεις) will, volition. From Middle English willen, wullen, wollen, from Old English willan, wyllan (“to will, be willing, wish, desire, be used to, to be about to”), from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to desire, wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognate with Dutch willen, Low German willen, German wollen, Swedish and Norwegian Nynorsk vilja, Norwegian Bokmål ville, Latin velle (“wish”, verb) and Albanian vel (“to satisfy, be stuffed”). The verb is not always distinguishable from Etymology 3, below. (rare, transitive) To wish, desire (something). (rare, intransitive) To wish or desire (that something happen) (auxiliary) To habitually do (a given action) (auxiliary) To choose to (do something), used to express intention but without any temporal connotations (+ bare infinitive). [from 10th c.] (auxiliary) Used to express the future tense, sometimes with some implication of volition when used in the first person. Compare shall. [from 10th c.] Noun θέληση • (thélisi) f will, volition. δῐᾰθήκη f (genitive δῐᾰθήκης) first declension testament, will (legal document) covenant. θέλω • (thélo) (simple past θέλησα, passive —) (most senses) want, desire, will. (transitive, most senses) need, require. ``` Synonyms Edit (desire, long for) - επιθυμώ (Lust, yearn, desire) - ποθώ (need): χρειάζομαι (mean, intend): εννοώ (take aim, intend) - σκοπεύω (owe): χρωστώ (chrostó), (Owe, be obliged) - οφείλω (favour): ευνοώ ``` ``` Derived terms (imperfect form): ήθελα θα ήθελα (“I would like”) θα θέλαμε (“we would like”) τα 'θελες και τα 'παθες (“serves you right”) θα (“particle of future tense”) ``` Verb επιθυμώ • (epithymó) (simple past επιθύμησα desire, want, wish long for, pine for ____________________________________ From Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ-. Cognates include Latin līber, Old Church Slavonic людинъ (ljudinŭ, “free man”) ___________________________________ From Old English leōd. lēod f a people, people group, nation. lēod m man, chief, leader (poetic) a prince a fine for slaying a man, wergild. Old English - wergild. From Middle English wergeld, from Old English wergeld (“compensation for a man killed”), from Proto-Germanic *werageldą (“weregild”), equivalent to wer (“man”) +‎ geld (“payment”). Cognate with Dutch weergeld, German Wergeld. More at wer, geld. wergeld (historical, especially in Germanic law) Blood money, the monetary value assigned to a person, set according to their rank, used to determine the compensation paid by the perpetrator of a crime to the victim in the case of injury or to the victim's kindred in the case of homicide. ``` geld (countable and uncountable, plural gelds) Money. A tribute. Compensation, especially financial. A ransom. A medieval form of land tax. ``` From Middle English geld and reinforced by Medieval Latin geldum, both from Old English geld, ġield (“payment, tribute”), from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay”). Cognate with North Frisian jild (“money”), Saterland Frisian Jield, Jäild (“money”), Dutch geld (“money”), German Geld (“money”), Old Norse gjald (“payment”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳 (gild, “tribute”). Also related to English yield. Geld is also written gelt or gild, and as such found in wergild, Danegeld, etc. Probably reinforced by gelt (which see). From Middle High German gelt (Modern German Geld), from Old High German gelt (“payment, money”), from Proto-Germanic *geldą (“reward, gift, money”), from Proto-Indo-European *gheldh- (“to pay”). Reinforced by Yiddish געלט‎ (gelt). Cognate with native geld, Dutch geld (“money”), Danish gjæld (“debt”), Swedish gäld (“debt”). From Middle English, from gelden (“to geld, castrate”). More at geld. ``` Old English - gyltig Guilty Adjective gyltiġ guilty; culpable liable; bound delinquent. gylt m guilt. ``` Suffix - iġ - y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs ____________________________________ ελευθερία f (plural ελευθερίες) freedom, liberty Adjective ελεύθερος • (eléftheros) m (feminine ελεύθερη, neuter ελεύθερο) free, single, available Adjective Edit ελεύθερος • (eléftheros) m (feminine ελεύθερη, neuter ελεύθερο) free, single, available. _______________________________________ αλευτέρωτος (aleftérotos, “not liberated”) ελεύθερη αγορά f (eléftheri agorá, “free market”) ελευθεριάζω (eleftheriázo, “to take liberties”) ελευθέριος (elefthérios, “liberal”) ελευθεριότητα f (eleftheriótita, “liberality”) ελεύθερο n (eléfthero, “authorisation, freestyle”) ελεύθερος (eléftheros, “free, unmarried”) ελευθεροστομία f (eleftherostomía, “outspokenness”) ελευθερόστομος (eleftheróstomos, “outspoken”) ελεύθερος χρόνος m (eléftheros chrónos, “free time”) ελευθεροτεκτονισμός m (eleftherotektonismós, “freemasonry”) ελευθεροτυπία f (eleftherotypía, “free press”) ελευθεροφροσύνη (eleftherofrosýni, “freethinking”) ελευθερόφρων (eleftherófron, “liberal”) ελευθερώνομαι (eleftherónomai, “to give birth”) ελευθερώνω (eleftheróno, “to free, to liberate”) ελευθέρωση f (elefthérosi, “liberation”) ελευθερωτής m (eleftherotís, “liberator”) ελευθερώτρια f (eleftherótria, “liberator”)

Answer 29

GUILT - BLAME - BOUND - LIABLE ἐνοχή • (enokhḗ) f (genitive ἐνοχῆς); first declension obligation, liability, responsibility. ένοχος (énochos, “guilty”) ένοχος • (énochos) m (feminine ένοχη, neuter ένοχο) guilty From ἐνέχω (enékhō, “to hold within”) ``` ἔνοχος Held in. Bound by. (law) liable to, subject to. (absolute) guilty. ``` __________________________________ GUILTY From Middle English gilty, gulty, from Old English gyltiġ (“offending, guilty”), equivalent to guilt +‎ -y. (law) Judged to have committed a crime. Responsible for a dishonest act. __________________________________ αθωότητα f (athoótita, “innocence”) Antonym: αθώος (athóos)

Answer 30

INNOCENT - BLAMELESS ``` Adjective αθώος • (athóos) m (feminine αθώα, neuter αθώο) innocent, lack of guilt naive, innocent, artless harmless ``` αθωότητα f (athoótita, “innocence, naivety”) αθωωτικός (athootikós, “acquitted, not guilty”) αθωώνω (athoóno, “to acquit”) αθωώνομαι (athoónomai, “to be acquitted”) αθώωση f (athóosi, “acquittal”) αθωωτικός • (athootikós) m (feminine αθωωτική, neuter αθωωτικό) not guilty, acquitted, innocent

Answer 31

SINLESS ακριμάτιστος • (akrimátistos) m (feminine ακριμάτιστη, neuter ακριμάτιστο) sinless, innocent. αναμάρτητος • (anamártitos) m (feminine αναμάρτητη, neuter αναμάρτητο) sinless, innocent. Synonym see: αθώος (athóos) __________________________________ ``` Original Word: ἀναμάρτητος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: anamartétos Phonetic Spelling: (an-am-ar'-tay-tos) Definition: unerring, faultless Usage: without blame, faultless, unerring. ``` from alpha (as a neg. prefix) and hamartanó ἁμαρτάνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: hamartanó Phonetic Spelling: (ham-ar-tan'-o) Definition: to miss the mark, do wrong, sin Usage: originally: I miss the mark, hence (a) I make a mistake, (b) I sin, commit a sin (against God); sometimes the idea of sinning against a fellow-creature is present.

Answer 32

SIN - DO WRONG Original Word: ἁμαρτάνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: hamartanó Phonetic Spelling: (ham-ar-tan'-o) Definition: to miss the mark, do wrong, sin Usage: originally: I miss the mark, hence (a) I make a mistake, (b) I sin, commit a sin (against God); sometimes the idea of sinning against a fellow-creature is present. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 264 hamartánō (from 1 /A "not" and 3313 /méros, "a part, share") – properly, having no share in; to sin, which always brings forfeiture – i.e. eternal loss due to missing God's mark. Like 266 /hamartía, 264 (hamartánō) is regularly used in ancient times of an archer missing the target (Homer, Aesch., etc). Every decision (action) done apart from faith (4102 /pístis) is sin (Ro 14:23; cf. Heb 11:6). See 266 (hamartia).

Answer 33

CHARACTERISTICS characteristic, typical. χαρακτηριστική ομάδα f (charaktiristikí omáda, “functional group”) τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά f pl (techniká charaktiristiká, “technical specifications”)

Answer 34

πλέον • (pléon) ``` inflection of πλέων (pléōn): neuter nominative singular neuter accusative singular masculine and feminine vocative singular neuter vocative singular ``` From Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn), comparative of πολύς (polús). πλέον • (pléon) (dated, formal) more, -er (forms comparatives) Ο πλέον γνωστός ηθοποιός. ― O pléon gnostós ithopoiós. ― The more known actor. already Είναι πλέον αργά. ― Eínai pléon argá. ― It's already late. from now on Υποσχέθηκε να είναι πλέον πιστός στην φιλενάδα του. ― Yposchéthike na eínai pléon pistós stin filenáda tou. ― He promised to be faithful to his girlfriend from now on. more than Πλέον των διακοσίων χιλιάδων βγήκαν να ψηφίσουν. ― Pléon ton diakosíon chiliádon vgíkan na psifísoun. ― More than two hundred thousand came out to vote. Synonyms Edit (more, -er): πιο (pio) (already): ήδη (ídi) (more than): περισσότερο (perissótero)

Answer 35

ALL όλοι Everyone όλα all όλες all όλη all όλο all όλος all, whole πας all απάντες all Noun το όλο all Adverb όλως quite, wholly, all το σύνολο The entirety το άθροισμα The sum

Answer 36

BAD - EVIL - WICKED κακός • (kakós) m (feminine κακή or κακιά, neuter κακό) bad, evil, ill, wicked κακοί άνθρωποι ― kakoí ánthropoi ― wicked people κακό μάτι ― kakó máti ― evil eye κακοί τρόποι ― kakoí trópoi ― bad manners

Answer 37

UNSCRUPULOUS - LACKING MORALS φαύλος • (fávlos) m (feminine φαύλη, neuter φαύλο) wicked, unscrupulous, lacking morals. φαυλότητα f (“villainy, corruption”) φαύλος κύκλος m (“vicious circle”) _________________________________________ φαῦλος From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-. Cognate with Latin paucus (“few, little”), pauper (“poor”), paulus (“small”), and parvus (“small”); Old Armenian փոքր (pʿokʿr); and Old English fēaw (English few). *peh₂w- few, little smallness. ___________________________________________ Latin - paucus From Proto-Italic *paukus, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂u-kos, from *peh₂w- (“few, small”), see also Old Saxon fā (“few”), Old High German fao, fō (“few, little”), Old Norse fár (“few”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍃 (faus, “few”). paucus (feminine pauca, neuter paucum, comparative paucior, superlative paucissimus); first/second declension few, little. ___________________________________________ Related terms Pauper Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”) (English few). pauper (genitive pauperis); third declension poor.

Answer 38

IMPOVERISHED From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ πόρος (“passage”). ἄπορος • (áporos) m, f (neuter ἄπορον); second declension without passage, impassable, having no way through hard, difficult (of people) hard to deal with, unmanageable not knowing what to do, at a loss poor, needy _______________________________________ πόρος Related to πείρω (“to pierce, to run through”) or περάω (peráō, “to drive right through”), from πέρα (péra). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-. πόρος • (póros) m (genitive πόρου); second declension a means of passage, passage-way, way, opening especially passage over a body of water: ford, strait, ferry, bridge a means to an end (biology) fiber, filament, thread journey

Answer 39

EMPLOYED - WORKER εργαζόμενος • (ergazómenos) m (feminine εργαζόμενη, neuter εργαζόμενο) employed. εργάτης m (“worker”) εργάτρια f (”) εργάτης • (ergátis) m (plural εργάτες, feminine εργάτρια) male worker, labourer, hand, servant. έργο n (érgo, “work”) ``` Synonyms Edit εργαζόμενος m (ergazómenos) εργαζόμενη f (ergazómeni) Derived terms αρχιεργάτης m (“foreman”) αγρεργάτης m (“farm labourer”) ``` _________________________________________ έργο • (érgo) n (plural έργα) ``` work, project film, stage play, etc scientific research project art work, painting, etc building project, etc (physics) work (measured in joules) (chemistry, physics) thermodynamic work ``` _______________________________________ ``` αγορά εργασίας f (agorá ergasías, “labor market”) άεργος m (áergos, “not working, jobless”) άνεργος m (ánergos, “unemployed”) απεργός m (apergós, “striker”) Derived terms Edit εργάζομαι (ergázomai, “to work”) εργαζόμενος m (ergazómenos, “one that is working”) εργασία f (ergasía, “job, profession”) εργάτης m (ergátis, “worker”) εργατικός m (ergatikós, “hard working”) εργατικότητα f (ergatikótita, “industriousness”) Compounds Edit εργαλείο n (ergaleío, “tool”) εργαστήριο n (ergastírio, “workshop”) εργοδότης m (ergodótis, “employer”) εργολαβία f (ergolavía, “enterprise”) εργοστάσιο n (ergostásio, “factory”) ``` ______________________________________ ὄργανον From Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“work”). Compare ἔργον (érgon, “work, deed”). ὄργᾰνον • (órganon) n (genitive ὀργᾰ́νου); second declension ``` instrument, implement, tool sense organ musical instrument the material of a work (e.g. timber) the product of a work (e.g. lumber) ``` όργανο • (órgano) n (plural όργανα) (medicine, anatomy) body organ Η καρδιά είναι ένα όργανο του ανθρώπινου σώματος. The heart is an organ of the human body. (music) any musicalinstrument μουσικό όργανο (music) pipe organ Synonym: εκκλησιαστικό όργανο (ekklisiastikó órgano) equipment, appliance (informal appellative or vocative for policeman) officer. αισθητήριο όργανο n (aisthitírio órgano, “sense organ”) αναπαραγωγικό όργανο n (anaparagogikó órgano, “reproductive organ, sex organ”) οργανικός m (organikós, “organic”) οργάνωση f (orgánosi, “organisation”) πνευστό όργανο n (pnefstó órgano, “wind instrument”) ὀργή • (orgḗ) f (genitive ὀργῆς); first declension temper, temperament, disposition, nature, heart. ὀργίζω (orgízō, “to make angry”) _________________________________________ Verb ἔρδω • (érdō) (poetic) (intransitive) to act (as opposed to speaking or being acted on) (transitive) to do, perform to perform sacrifices (transitive) to do something to someone (with two accusatives) From Proto-Hellenic *wérďō, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵ-ye-, a ye-present from the root *werǵ-, the same root as ῥέζω (rhézō) and ἔργον (érgon). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (wo-ze-e), Mycenaean Greek [script needed] (wo-zo), etc. __________________________________________ ῥέζω • (rhézō) (poetic) (transitive) to do, make to perform sacrifices to do something to someone (with two accusatives) (intransitive) to act (as opposed to speaking or being acted on) ________________________________________

Answer 40

SLAVE slave, bondman, fag, helot, thrall. A person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them. At any time, a master could confiscate any money that a slave had saved up, and the slave had no legal recourse. work excessively hard. _________________________________________ δοῦλος born slave or bondman. δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (feminine δούλη, neuter δοῦλον); first/second declension (Attic, Ionic) slavish, servile, subject. Related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀈𐀁𐀫 (do-e-ro) /dohelos/,[1] from Canaanite *dōʾēlu ‘servant, attendant’ (compare Late Babylonian [script needed] (dajjālu), Jewish Aramaic דַּיָּילָא‎ (dayyālā)).[2] According to professor Asko Parpola[3], the word δοῦλος is related to the ethnonym Dahae (found as Δάοι, Δάαι, Δαι or Δάσαι in Greek sources) and thus related to Sanskrit दस्यु (dasyu, “bandit, brigand”) and Sanskrit दास (dāsa) which originally meant 'demon' and later also 'slave' or 'fiend'. __________________________________________ Mycenaean Greek 𐀈𐀁𐀫 (do-e-ro) m male slave. Cognate with Ancient Greek δοῦλος _________________________________________ δουλεία • (douleía) f (plural δουλείες) slavery, enslavement. δουλειά f (douleiá, “work”) δουλειά • (douleiá) f (plural δουλειές) employment, work, job task, job. From Ancient Greek δουλεία (douleía), from δοῦλος (doûlos, “slave”). ``` δουλείᾱ • (douleíā) f (genitive δουλείᾱς); first declension slavery, bondage servility group of slaves service for hire. ``` From δοῦλος (doûlos, “slave”) +‎ -ῐ́α (-ía). -ῐ́ᾱ - abstract noun suffix _________________________________________ σκλάβος • (sklávos) m (plural σκλάβοι, feminine σκλάβα) slave. _________________________________________ δουλεία noun work, bondage, thrall, shebang, thraldom. δουλοπάροικος adjective, noun serf, feudatory, villein γρυλλισμός noun grunt εγγυητής noun guarantor, guarantee, surety, sponsor, bondsman. υποτελής adjective, noun vassal, tributary, liegeman. υπηρέτης noun servant, server, valet, lackey, footman. τσιράκι noun minion, apprentice. σκύλος noun dog, pooch, tike. κτυπών noun whips, swiper, swatter, striker, smiter. δούλα noun slaves, odalisque, slavey, bondwoman, skivvy. _________________________________________ να δουλέψω To work work, operate, labor, labour. δουλεύω work λειτουργώ operate, work, behave κατεργάζομαι process, tool, work. το να δουλεύεις σκληρά To work hard. __________________________________________ slave (plural slaves) A person who is the property of another person and whose labor (and sometimes also whose life) is subject to the owner's volition. A person who is legally obliged by prior contract (oral or written) to work for another, with contractually limited rights to bargain; an indentured servant. A drudge; one who labours like a slave. One who has lost the power of resistance; one who surrenders to something. a slave to passion, to strong drink, or to ambition An abject person; a wretch. Art thou the slave that with thy breath hast kill'd/ Mine innocent child? Shakespeare. Much Ado About Nothing. A submissive partner in a BDSM relationship who (consensually) submits to (sexually and/or personally) serving one or more masters or mistresses. A person who is forced against their will to perform, for another person or group, sexual acts or services on a regular or continuing basis. (engineering) A device that is controlled by another device. ________________________________________ indentured servant (plural indentured servants) A debt bondage worker who is under contract of an employer for a specified period of time, in exchange for transportation, food, drink, clothing, lodging and other necessities. Related terms _______________________________________ bonded labour (uncountable) (UK spelling) Labour required to be provided to repay a debt, considered tantamount to slavery. ____________________________________________ bonded labor (uncountable) A form of indenture in which a loan is repaid by work, the worker being unable to leave until the debt is repaid

Answer 41

SLAVERY σκλαβιά • (sklaviá) f (plural σκλαβιές) slavery, servitude (emotive term) σκλάβος • (sklávos) m (plural σκλάβοι, feminine σκλάβα) slave. σκλάβα f (skláva, “female slave”) σκλαβιά f (sklaviá, “slavery”) σκλαβοπάζαρο n (sklavopázaro, “slave market”) Σκλᾰ́βος • (Sklábos) m (genitive Σκλᾰ́βου); second declension (Byzantine) Slav _________________________________________ Probably from earlier Σλαβῆνος (Slabênos) (perhaps from a plural Σλαβῆνοι (Slabênoi)), of unclear (disputed) origin. It may derive from the Greek verb σκυλάω (skuláō), a variant of σκυλεύω (skuleúō, “to get the spoils of war”)[1] because Slavs were often enslaved. Alternatively, it may derive from Proto-Slavic *slověne (“Slavs”, or perhaps “those who speak meaningfully”) (plural; with the singular form *slověninъ derived from that), perhaps via Old Church Slavonic словенинъ (sloveninŭ); compare Old Church Slavonic словѣни, словѣнє (slověni, slověne, “Thessalonian Slavs”), Old East Slavic словѣне (slověne, “Slavs near Novgorod”). See *slověninъ for more. __________________________________________ Slav (plural Slavs or (archaic) Slavi) A member of any of the peoples from Eastern Europe who speak the Slavic languages. From Middle English sclave, borrowed from Medieval Latin Sclavus, from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos); see that entry for more.

Answer 42

CHARACTERISTICS - TYPES

Answer 43

SAMENESS - SELF SAME - MY OWN PROPERTY Adjective ίδιος • (ídios) m (feminine ίδια, neuter ίδιο) (for emphasis): own Την είδα με τα ίδια μου τα μάτια. ― I saw her with my own eyes. (number, size, etc): identical Έχουν ίδια μέγεθος. ― They are the same size. (similarity): same, similar. Έχουν τα ίδια χρώματα. ― They are the same colours. ______________________________________ ιδιότητα • (idiótita) f (plural ιδιότητες) property, characteristic, attribute, status

Answer 44

OUT OF PLACE - MISPOSITIONED From Ancient Greek ἐκτόπιος (“away from a place, out of place, out of the way”) from ἐκ (“out”) + τόπος (“place”) -topic (-ic) adjectival form. (comparable, medicine) Being out of place, having an abnormal position. ectopia (pathology) The condition where an organ or other body part has an abnormal position. plural - ectopias ___________________________________________ ``` τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension Noun place, location topic; (rhetoric) commonplace position, office opportunity, possibility ``` ___________________________________________ -ιος • (-ios) m Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin: ‎Ευρώπη (“Europe”) + ‎-ιος → ‎ Ευρωπαίος (“European”) (noun) Used to form Adjectives of description. ‎θάλασσα (“sea”) + ‎-ιος → ‎ θαλάσσιος (“marine”) (adjective) ___________________________________________ Preposition ἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive) (of place) (of motion) Out of, from from, with the source of to denote change from one place or condition to another to express separation of distinction from a number (of position) outside, beyond (of time) from, since (of particular points of time) just, after during, in (of origin) (of materials) made out of something (of descent, parentage) descended from (of causation) done by someone, something of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done from, according to turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb (with numerals) in such an order. From Proto-Indo-European *eḱs (“out of”), *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs. Cognates include Latin ex, ē, Old Irish ess-, a, ass (Irish as), Lithuanian ìš and Old Church Slavonic из (iz), Kurdish ji. ἐξ • (ex) (governs the genitive) Alternative form of ἐκ (ek) (used before vowels)

Answer 45

OUTSIDE THE UTERUS - OUTSIDE MOTHER From έξω (“outside”) +‎ μητέρα (“mother”) +‎ -ιος Adjective εξωμήτριος • (exomítrios) m (feminine εξωμήτριος or εξωμήτρια, neuter εξωμήτριο) (anatomy, medicine) extrauterine. εξωμήτριος κύηση f ( “ectopic pregnancy”)

Answer 46

NAKED - DEFENSELESS ``` γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension Adjective naked, unclad unarmed, without armor, defenseless bare, uncovered stripped, destitute lightly clad ```

Answer 47

FINAL ὕστᾰτος • (hústatos) m (feminine ὑστάτη, neuter ὕστᾰτον); first/second declension final Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”), which would make it cognate with English out.

Answer 48

WORTHY - MERITORIOUS - CAPABLE ``` Original Word: ἄξιος, ία, ιον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: axios Phonetic Spelling: (ax'-ee-os) Definition: of weight, of worth, worthy Usage: worthy, worthy of, deserving, comparable, suitable. HELPS Word-studies 514 áksios (an adjective derived from aksō, "to weigh") – properly, to weigh in, assigning the matching value ("worth-to-worth"); worthy, i.e. as the assessment in keeping with how something "weighs in" on God's balance-scale of truth. ``` 514 /áksios ("weighed-in") "properly means, 'drawing down the scale' hence 'weighing as much as,' 'of like value, worth,' befitting, congruous, corresponding" (J. Thayer). [514 (áksios) is the root of the English term, "axis." This also refers to a balance-scale, operating by off-setting weights.]

Answer 49

WEAK - WITHOUT VIGOR ``` asthenés: without strength, weak Original Word: ἀσθενής, ές Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: asthenés Phonetic Spelling: (as-then-ace') Definition: without strength, weak Usage: (lit: not strong), (a) weak (physically, or morally), (b) infirm, sick. HELPS Word-studies 772 asthenḗs (an adjective, derived from 1 /A "without" and sthenos, "vigor, strength") – properly, without vigor, living in a state of weakness (depletion). 722 (arotrióō) refers to a lack of necessary resources ("insufficient") – literally, "without adequate strength" and hence "frail, feeble (sickly)." ``` from alpha (as a neg. prefix) and sthenés (strong) specifically: contextually, unable to achieve anything great, 1 Corinthians 4:10; destitute of power among men, 1 Corinthians 1:27 (Lachmann brackets); weaker and inferior, μέλος, 1 Corinthians 12:22; sluggish in doing right, Romans 5:6; lacking in manliness and dignity, 2 Corinthians 10:10; used of the religious systems anterior to Christ, as having no power to promote piety and salvation, Galatians 4:9; Hebrews 7:18; lacking in decision about things lawful and unlawful (see ἀσθενέω), 1 Corinthians 8:7, 9 L T Tr WH, ; ; 1 Thessalonians 5:14. From a (as a negative particle) and the base of sthenoo; strengthless (in various applications, literal, figurative and moral) -- more feeble, impotent, sick, without strength, weak(-er, -ness, thing). __________________________________________ ``` Original Word: σθενόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: sthenoó Phonetic Spelling: (sthen-o'-o) Definition: to strengthen Usage: I strengthen. HELPS Word-studies 4599 sthenóō(from sthenos, "strength") – properly, make strong so as to be mobile – i.e. able to move in a way that achieves something in the most effective way. ``` from sthenos (strength) σθενόω, σθένω: (σθένος (allied with στῆναι, hence, properly, steadfastness; Curtius, p. 503f) strength), to make strong, to strengthen: τινα, one's soul, 1 Peter 5:10, where for 1 aorist optative active 3 person singular σθενώσαι, we must read the future σθενώσει. From sthenos (bodily vigor; probably akin to the base of histemi); to strengthen, i.e. (figuratively) confirm (in spiritual knowledge and power) -- strengthen. ``` ἵστημι STABLE - STAY - STATUS - STANDARD Original Word: ἵστημι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: histémi Phonetic Spelling: (his'-tay-mee) Definition: to make to stand, to stand Usage: trans: (a) I make to stand, place, set up, establish, appoint; mid: I place myself, stand, (b) I set in balance, weigh; intrans: (c) I stand, stand by, stand still; met: I stand ready, stand firm, am steadfast. ``` from a redupl. of the prim. root sta- to make firm, fix, establish: τί, τινα, to cause a person or thing to keep his or its place; passive to stand, be kept intact. to establish a thing, cause it to stand, i. e. to uphold or sustain the authority or force of anything. to set or place in a balance; to weigh: money to one (because in very early times, before the introduction of coinage, the metals used to be weighed) i. e. to pay. contextually, to stand immutable, stand firm, of the foundation of a building. to stand, i. e. continue safe and sound, stand unharmed. To be steadfast of mind. of one who in the midst of the fight holds his position. who does not hesitate, does not waver, 1 Corinthians 7:37; in a figure, of one who vanquishes his adversaries and holds the ground.

Answer 50

UNAPPROACHABLE - INCOMPREHENSIBLE ``` Original Word: ἀπρόσιτος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aprositos Phonetic Spelling: (ap-ros'-ee-tos) Definition: unapproachable. ``` from alpha (as a neg. prefix) and a comp. of pros and eimi (to go) From a (as a negative particle) and a derivative of a comparative of pros and eimi (to go); inaccessible -- which no man can approach. see GREEK a see GREEK pros

Answer 51

BAD - WORSE - MORALLY INFERIOR χείρων • (kheírōn) m or f (neuter χεῖρον); third declension worse in quality, inferior (of men) less brave, lower in rank (with negative οὐδὲν (oudèn)) no worse: just as good. Irregular comparative of κακός (kakós, “bad”), from χερ- + comparative suffix -yων

Answer 52

κᾰκός • (kakós) m (feminine κᾰκή, neuter κᾰκόν); first/second declension As a measure of quality: bad, worthless, useless As a measure of appearance: ugly, hideous Of circumstances: injurious, wretched, unhappy As a measure of character: low, mean, vile, evil. The origin is unknown, possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European root *kakka- (“to defecate”). Compare κακκάω (kakkáō). Also compare Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”) and Albanian keq (“bad”). ``` κᾰ́κη (kákē) κᾰκηγορέω (kakēgoréō) κᾰκηγορῐ́ᾱ (kakēgoríā) κᾰκήγορος (kakḗgoros) κᾰκῐ́ᾱ (kakíā) κᾰκῐ́ζω (kakízō) κάκιστος (kákistos) κᾰκόβῐος (kakóbios) κᾰκοβουλῐ́ᾱ (kakoboulíā) κᾰκοδαιμονῐ́ᾱ (kakodaimoníā) κᾰκοδαίμων (kakodaímōn) κᾰκοδοξῐ́ᾱ (kakodoxíā) κᾰκόδοξος (kakódoxos) κᾰκόζηλος (kakózēlos) κᾰκοήθειᾰ (kakoḗtheia) κᾰκοήθης (kakoḗthēs) κᾰκόθῡμος (kakóthūmos) κᾰκολογέω (kakologéō) κᾰκόλογος (kakólogos) κᾰκομήχᾰνος (kakomḗkhanos) κᾰκόνοιᾰ (kakónoia) κᾰκόνους (kakónous) κᾰκοπᾰ́θειᾰ (kakopátheia) κᾰκοπᾰθέω (kakopathéō) κᾰκοπᾰθής (kakopathḗs) κᾰκόπᾰθος (kakópathos) κᾰκοποιέω (kakopoiéō) κᾰκοποιός (kakopoiós) κᾰκοπολῑτείᾱ (kakopolīteíā) κᾰκοπρᾱγέω (kakoprāgéō) κᾰκοπρᾱγῐ́ᾱ (kakoprāgíā) κᾰκοπρᾱ́γμων (kakoprā́gmōn) κᾰκόσῑτος (kakósītos) κᾰ́κοσμος (kákosmos) κᾰ́κοστόμᾰ́χος (kákostómákhos) κᾰ́κοτεχνέω (kákotekhnéō) κᾰκοτεχνῐ́ᾱ (kakotekhníā) κᾰκότεχνος (kakótekhnos) κᾰκότης (kakótēs) κᾰκοτροπῐ́ᾱ (kakotropíā) κᾰκότροπος (kakótropos) κᾰκοτυχέω (kakotukhéō) κᾰκοτυχής (kakotukhḗs) κᾰκουργέω (kakourgéō) κᾰκούργημα (kakoúrgēma) κᾰκουργῐ́ᾱ (kakourgíā) κᾰ́κουργος (kákourgos) κᾰκουχέω (kakoukhéō) κᾰκοφρᾰδής (kakophradḗs) κᾰκόφρων (kakóphrōn) κᾰκόφωνος (kakóphōnos) κᾰκόω (kakóō) κᾰ́κωσῐς (kákōsis) κᾰχέκτης (kakhéktēs) μνησῐκᾰκέω (mnēsikakéō) μνησῐκᾰκῐ́ᾱ (mnēsikakíā) μνησῐ́κᾰκος (mnēsíkakos) πᾰ́γκᾰκος (pánkakos) περῐκᾰκέω (perikakéō) περῐκᾰ́κησῐς (perikákēsis) συγκᾰκοπαθέω (sunkakopathéō) συγκᾰκουργέω (sunkakourgéō) τρῐσκᾰκοδαίμων (triskakodaímōn) ```

Answer 53

Introduction As we have already learned, adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. In order to describe a noun or pronoun, an adjective must match the noun in gender, number and case. Greek adjectives also have DEGREES: The POSITIVE degree refers to the quality or quantity conveyed by the meaning of the adjective tall, short The COMPARATIVE degree refers to MORE of the quality or quantity conveyed by the adjective taller, shorter The SUPERLATIVE degree refers to the MAXIMUM of the quality or quantity conveyed by the adjective tallest, shortest Comparative and Superlative Degree: -τερος/-τατος For most adjectives, the comparative degree is marked by adding -τερος -α -ον to the masculine stem of the positive degree. To mark the superlative degree, the endings -τατος -η -ον are added to the masculine stem. (S 313; GPH p. 35, ). For adjectives that have these endings, the PERSISTENT ACCENT is on the ANTEPENULT. ``` μωρός -ά -όν dull, stupid (masc. stem: μωρο-) Comparative: μωρότερος -α -ον Superlative: μωρότατος -η -ον σοφός -ή -όν wise (masc. stem: σοφο-) Comparative: σοφώτερος -α -ον Superlative: σοφώτατος -η -ον πιστός -ή -όν trusted (masc. stem: πιστο-) Comparative: πιστότερος -α -ον Superlative: πιστότατος -η -ον ἀληθής -ές true (masc. stem: ἀληθεσ-) Comparative: ἀληθέστερος -α -ον Superlative: ἀληθέστατος -η -ον βαρύς -εῖα -ύ heavy (masc. stem: βαρυ-) Comparative: βαρύτερος -α -ον Superlative: βαρύτατος -η -ον ``` Note that in the above examples, the final ο of masculine stems sometimes appears as ω before the addition of the τερ/τατ markers. Generally speaking, the LENGTH of this vowel is OPPOSITE the length of the preceding vowel: μωρότερος -α -ον σοφώτερος -α -ον However, if the preceding stem vowel is followed by two consonants or a double consonant (e.g. ξ, ψ, ζ), ο appears regardless of the length of the preceding vowel: πιστότερος -α -ον Comparative and Superlative Degree: -ίων/-ιστος As in English, some Greek adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives differently. The most common alternative marker for the comparative degree is -(ί)ων -(ι)ον. We encountered this form in our previous discussion of adjectives. To review: βελτίων -ιον (stem: βέλτιον-) better (S 293; GPH p. 11) ``` Singular M/F N Nominative βελτίων βέλτιον Genitive βελτίονος βελτίονος Dative βελτίονι βελτίονι Accusative βελτίονα βέλτιον Plural M/F N Nominative βελτίονες βελτίονα Genitive βελτιόνων βελτιόνων Dative βελτίοσι βελτίοσι Accusative βελτίονας βελτίονα ``` ``` Adjectives that form their comparative degree with -(ί)ων -(ι)ον usually form their superlative degree with -ιστος -η -ον. For adjectives that have these superlative endings, the PERSISTENT ACCENT is on the ANTEPENULT (e.g. βέλτιστος –η –ον). In many cases, comparatives and superlatives that end in -(ί)ων /-ιστος are adjectives that, while comparative or superlative in meaning, have no positive degree form of their own. These forms are called IRREGULAR COMPARISONS (S 319). Note the following examples. ἀγαθός -ή -όν good ἀμείνων –ον better, braver βελτίων –ιον better, more virtuous κρείττων –ον better, stronger ἄριστος –η –ον best, excellent βέλτιστος –η –ον best, most virtuous κράτιστος –η –ον best, strongest κακός -ή -όν bad κακίων –ιον morally worse χείρων –ον worse ἥττων –ον worse, weaker κάκιστος –η –ον morally worst χείριστος –η –ον worst ἥκιστα least of all αἰσχρός -ά -όν shameful αἰσχίων –ιον more shameful αἴσχιστος –η –ον most shameful ἐχθρός -ά -όν hostile ἐχθίων –ιον more hostile ἔχθιστος –η –ον most hostile ἡδύς –εῖα -ύν sweet ἡδίων –ιον sweeter ἥδιστος –η –ον sweetest καλός -ή -όν beautiful καλλίων –ιον more beautiful κάλλιστος –η –ον most beautiful μέγας μεγάλη μέγα big μείζων –ον bigger μέγιστος –η –ον biggest μικρός -ά -όν small μικρότερος –α –ον smaller ἐλάττων –ον smaller ἥττων –ον less, worse, weaker μικρότατος –η –ον smallest ἐλάχιστος -η -ον smallest ἥκιστα least of all ὀλίγος -η -ον few μείων –ον fewer ἐλάττων –ον smaller ἥττων –ον fewer, worse, weaker ὀλίγιστος -η -ον fewest, least ἐλάχιστος -η -ον fewest ἥκιστα least of all πολύς πολλά πολύ many πλείων –ιον or πλέων –ον more πλεῖστος –η –ον most ῥᾴδιος –α –ον easy ῥᾴων ῥᾷον easier ῥᾷστος –η –ον easiest ταχύς ταχεῖα ταχύ swift θάττων, θᾶττον swifter τάχιστος –η –ον swiftest Note also the forms and meanings of these adjectives, which we have already encountered in our lesson on adjectives: ἀμφότερος -α -ον both ἑκάτερος -α -ον each (of two) ἕκαστος -η –ον each ἕτερος -α –ον other πότερος -α -ον which (of two)? πρότερος -α -ον previous < πρῶτος -η –ον first δεύτερος -η –ον second ὕστερος -η –ον later ἡμέτερος -η –ον our ὑμέτερος -η –ον your ``` Comparative and Superlative Adverbs ``` Greek adverbs, like adjectives, also have DEGREES: The POSITIVE degree: wisely The COMPARATIVE degree: more wisely The SUPERLATIVE degree: most wisely Recall that to form the positive degree of most adverbs, start with the GENITIVE PLURAL of the MASCULINE ADJECTIVE and substitute –ς for the final –ν (S 343). The ACCENT remains as it was on the genitive plural. For example: Adjective Genitive Plural Adverb ἀληθής ἀληθές ἀληθῶν ἀληθῶς ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ ἡδέων ἡδέως κακός –ή –όν κακῶν κακῶς ὅλος -η -ον ὅλων ὅλως ``` In Greek, adverbs do not have unique endings in the comparative and superlative degrees. To form a COMPARATIVE ADVERB, Greek uses the NEUTER ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR form of the COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE: σοφώτερον more wisely βέλτιον better To form a SUPERLATIVE ADVERB, Greek uses the NEUTER ACCUSATIVE PLURAL form of the SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE: σοφώτατα most wisely τάχιστα most swiftly, quickest Indicating a Comparison ``` There are TWO CONSTRUCTIONS in Greek that indicate a COMPARISON in a sentence. Both are translated the same in English. Using the word ἤ to mean than Using the Genitive of Comparison Socrates is wiser than Polemarchus. ὁ Σωκράτης ἐστὶ σοφώτερος ἢ Πολέμαρχος. ὁ Σωκράτης ἐστὶ σοφώτερος Πολεμάρχου. Socrates speaks more wisely than Polemarchus. ὁ Σωκράτης λέγει σοφώτερον ἢ Πολέμαρχος. ὁ Σωκράτης λέγει σοφώτερον Πολεμάρχου. ``` η! What’s This? Pay close attention to the accent and breathing of ἤ, so you do not confuse it with other words of totally different meaning. ἤ or ἢ (smooth breathing; acute or grave accent) than (comparison) or (conjunction) ἦ (smooth breathing; circumflex accent) I was (1st sg. imperfect indicative active of εἰμί) ἡ (rough breathing; no accent) the (fem. nom. sg. of definite article) ἥ or ἣ (rough breathing; acute or grave accent) who, which (fem. nom. sg. of relative pronoun) ᾗ (rough breathing; circumflex accent; iota subscript) to/for whom, which (fem. dat. sg. of relative pronoun) where; which way, how (adverb from fem. dat. sg. of relative pronoun) – τὸ τέλος –

Answer 54

``` ἀγαθός -ή -όν good ἀμείνων –ον better, braver βελτίων –ιον better, more virtuous κρείττων –ον better, stronger ἄριστος –η –ον best, excellent βέλτιστος –η –ον best, most virtuous κράτιστος –η –ον best, strongest κακός -ή -όν bad κακίων –ον morally worse χείρων –ον worse ἥττων –ον worse, weaker κάκιστος –η –ον morally worst χείριστος –η –ον worst ἥκιστα least of all αἰσχρός -ά -όν shameful αἰσχίων –ιον more shameful αἴσχιστος –η –ον most shameful ἐχθρός -ά -όν hostile ἐχθίων –ιον more hostile ἔχθιστος –η –ον most hostile ἡδύς –εῖα -ύν sweet ἡδίων –ιον sweeter ἥδιστος –η –ον sweetest καλός -ή -όν beautiful καλλίων –ιον more beautiful κάλλιστος –η –ον most beautiful. ``` Vocabulary List 2 ``` μέγας μεγάλη μέγα big μείζων –ον bigger μέγιστος –η –ον biggest μικρός -ά -όν small μικρότερος –α –ον smaller ἐλάττων –ον smaller ἥττων –ον less, worse, weaker μικρότατος –η –ον smallest ἐλάχιστος -η -ον smallest ἥκιστα least of all ὀλίγος -η -ον few μείων –ον fewer ἐλάττων –ον smaller ἥττων –ον fewer, worse, weaker ὀλίγιστος -η -ον fewest, least ἐλάχιστος -η -ον fewest ἥκιστα least of all πολύς πολλά πολύ many πλείων –ιον or πλέων –ον more πλεῖστος –η –ον most ῥᾴδιος –α –ον easy ῥᾴων ῥᾷον easier ῥᾷστος –η –ον easiest ταχύς ταχεῖα ταχύ swift θάττων, θᾶττον swifter τάχιστος –η –ον swiftest η! ἤ than, or ἦ I was ἡ the ἥ who, which ᾗ to/for whom, which; where; which way, how ```

Answer 55

DISCREET διακριτικός • (diakritikós) m (feminine διακριτική, neuter διακριτικό) discreet (respectful of privacy or secrecy; quiet; diplomatic) discreet (comparative more discreet, superlative most discreet) Respectful of privacy or secrecy; exercising caution in order to avoid causing embarrassment; quiet; diplomatic. With a discreet gesture, she reminded him to mind his manners. John just doesn't understand that laughing at Mary all day is not very discreet. Not drawing attention, anger or challenge; inconspicuous. From Middle Dutch discreet, from Old French discret, from Medieval Latin discrētus, from discernō. LATIN discrētus m (feminine discrēta, neuter discrētum); first/second declension separated. discernō (present infinitive discernere, perfect active discrēvī, supine discrētum); third conjugation I separate, set apart, divide, part. (figuratively, based upon a thing's qualities) I distinguish between, discern. (figuratively) I determine, settle. (figuratively) I except, omit dis- (“asunder, in pieces, apart, in two”) +‎ cernō (“see, discern”) ``` cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide. ``` From Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Cognate to Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō). GREEK κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize. From Proto-Hellenic *kríňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *kri-n-ye-, from *krey-. Cognates include English rinse, Latin cernō (“I separate, discern”), and Welsh gogrynu. ENGLISH rinse (third-person singular simple present rinses, present participle rinsing, simple past and past participle rinsed) (transitive) To wash (something) quickly using water and no soap. You'd better rinse that stain before putting the shirt in the washing machine. (transitive) To remove soap from (something) using water. Rinse the dishes after you wash them. (Britain, slang) To thoroughly defeat in an argument, fight or other competition. Checkmate! Oh no. You got rinsed. From Middle English rinsen, rensen, rinshen, rencen (“to rinse”), partly from Old Norse hreinsa (“to rinse”); and partly from Middle French rincer (“to rinse, wash”), from Old French rinser, reinser (“to rinse”), Old Northern French raïncer, raïncier (“to rinse, cleanse”), from Old Norse hreinsa (“to rinse, cleanse”), from Proto-Germanic *hrainisōną (“to clean, purify”), from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to separate, divide”). Cognate with Danish rense (“to purify”), Norwegian rense (“to cleanse”), Swedish rensa (“to purge, clear, wipe clean”), Old High German reinisōn (“to clean, purify, atone”), German rein (“pure, clean”), Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hrains, “clean”). More at riddle.

Answer 56

LAW νομικός νομικός • (nomikós) m (feminine νομική, neuter νομικό) (law) pertaining to the law, legal νομικός σύμβουλος (legal advisor) νομικός οδηγός (legal guide) Derived terms νομικό πρόσωπο n (“legal person”) See also νόμιμος ("legal, allowed by law”) ___________________________________________ ANTONYM φῠσῐκός • (phusikós) m (feminine φῠσῐκή, neuter φῠσῐκόν); first/second declension Natural, produced or caused by nature, inborn, native. Physical, having to do with the study of the material world. Instincts, natural desires, cravings and appetites. Antonyms: διδακτός (didaktós) νομικός (nomikós) ``` φυσικός • (fysikós) m (feminine φυσική, neuter φυσικό) natural normal physical, having to do with physics. φυσικά (“naturally”) φυσική f (“physics”) φυσικοθεραπεία (“physiotherapy”) φυσικοθεραπεία (“physiotherapy”) φυσική αγωγή f (“physical education”) φυσικό πρόσωπο n (“natural person”) ``` φυσικός • (fysikós) m or f (plural φυσικοί) a physicist. From φύσις +‎ -ικός From φῠ́ω (“grow”) +‎ -σῐς φῠ́σῐς • (phúsis) f (genitive φῠ́σεως); third declension origin, birth nature, quality, property later, the nature of one's personality: temper, disposition form, shape that which is natural: nature type, kind Nature, as an entity, especially of productive power creature. φύση • (fýsi) f (plural φύσεις) nature. ___________________________________________ NATURE - NATURAL From Middle English nature, natur, borrowed from Old French nature, from Latin nātūra (“birth, origin, natural constitution or quality”), future participle from perfect passive participle (g)natus (“born”), from deponent verb (g)nasci (“to be born, originate”) + future participle suffix -urus. Displaced native Middle English cunde, icunde (“nature, property, type, genus, character”) (from Old English ġecynd), Middle English lund (“nature, disposition”) (from Old Norse lund), Middle English burthe (“nature, birth, nation”) (from Old English ġebyrd and Old Norse *byrðr). More at kind. nature (countable and uncountable, plural natures) (uncountable) The natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design. E.G. the ecosystem, the natural environment, virgin ground, unmodified species, laws of nature. The innate characteristics of a thing. What something will tend by its own constitution, to be or do. Distinct from what might be expected or intended. The summary of everything that has to do with biological, chemical and physical states and events in the physical universe. Conformity to that which is natural, as distinguished from that which is artificial, or forced, or remote from actual experience. __________________________________________ LATIN nātūra f (genitive nātūrae); first declension nature, quality, or essence of a thing character, temperament, inclination the natural world gnāscor (“be born”). gnāscor (present infinitive gnāscī, perfect active gnātus sum); third conjugation, deponent Alternative form of nāscor. ``` nāscor (present infinitive nāscī, perfect active nātus sum); third conjugation, deponent I am born, begotten I arise, proceed I grow, spring forth I am a number of years old. ``` From earlier gnāscor, from Proto-Italic *gnāskōr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-. Cognate with Ancient Greek γεννάω (gennáō, “to beget”). ______________________________________________ GREEK γεννᾰ́ω • (gennáō) to beget, give birth to to bring forth, produce, generate. From γέννα (génna) +‎ -ᾰ́ω (-áō), poetic form of γένος (génos, “offspring”). Causal counterpart of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to be born, to become”). ``` γέννᾰ Synonym of γένος descent, lineage origin. Offspring, generation family (children), race. ``` γέννας ( “uncle”, masculine noun) ``` γένος • (génos) n (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension offspring, descendant family, clan nation, race gender (grammar) grammatical gender sex any type or class. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *génos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os (“race”). Cognates include Latin genus, Sanskrit जनस् (jánas), Old Armenian ծին (cin) and English kin. Also see γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I am born”). From Proto-Hellenic *génos *génos n family race. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os. From *ǵenh₁- +‎ *-os. One who is born. *ǵénh₁os n (oblique stem *ǵénh₁es-) race, lineage. ``` __________________________________________ Latin genus n (genitive generis); third declension birth, origin kind, type, class. Sanskrit जनस् (“race, class of beings”) Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”) English kin kin (countable and uncountable, plural kin) Race; family; breed; kind. (collectively) Persons of the same race or family; kindred. From Middle English kin, kyn, ken, kun, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank, quality, family, generation, offspring, pedigree, kin, race, people, gender, sex, propriety, etiquette”) Old English - cynn cynn n (nominative plural cynn) kin, kind, tribe, people. From Proto-Germanic *kunją *kunją n kin, family, clan. from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”). Scottish - clan clan (plural clans) from Scottish Gaelic clann (“progeny, race”) (anthropology) A group of people all descended from a common ancestor, in fact or belief. A traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain Any association of people behaving clannishly, including one's immediate family. Old Irish - cland f (genitive clainde, nominative plural clanda) children. Family. Borrowed from Old Welsh plant from Latin planta. planta f (genitive plantae); first declension a plant a shoot, twig, sprout, sprig, sucker, graft, scion, slip, cutting the sole (of the foot) from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat”). sole (plural soles) The sole of a man's foot (anatomy) The bottom or plantar surface of the foot. (clothing) The bottom of a shoe or boot. (bottom of the foot): planta (medical term) Foundation upon which all else rests. from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”) Old Armenian: հող (hoł, “earth, soil; land”) Latin - plautus (feminine plauta, neuter plautum); first/second declension wide, broad flat, level broad-shouldered. From Proto-Italic *plautos (whence Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌀𐌅𐌕𐌀𐌃 sg (plavtad, “sole of the foot or of a shoe” Latin - plānus (feminine plāna, neuter plānum); first/second declension level, flat, even. OF THE EARTH, THE FLAT PLANE OF EARTH. BORN OF THE EARTH. tribe (plural tribes) A socially, ethnically, or politically cohesive group of people. (anthropology) A society larger than a band but smaller than a state. (zoology) A group of apes who live and work together. Latin - tribus f (genitive tribūs); fourth declension One of the three original tribes of Rome: Ramnes, Tities, Luceres. A division of the Roman people. A tribe. The mob, the lower classes. The collective noun for various animals. (taxonomy) A hierarchal rank between family and genus. (stock breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line. the Duchess tribe of shorthorns. Maybe from the stem of trēs (“three”) + an element from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), originally referring to three divisions of the Roman people (cf. infra). Latin - tribu a socially, ethnically, or politically cohesive group of people (anthropology) a society larger than a band but smaller than a state the collective noun for various animals (taxonomy) a hierarchal rank between family and genus a subculture; a portion of a culture distinguished by its customs or other features a dance troupe in festivals Alternative form of tribo

Answer 57

PUBLIC - COMMON - GENERAL - COLONY ξυνός • (xunós) m (feminine ξυνή, neuter ξυνόν); first/second declension Adjective Ionic spelling of κοινός (koinós) κοινός • (koinós) m (feminine κοινή, neuter κοινόν); first/second declension Adjective common ("public, general") From Proto-Hellenic *koňňós from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-yós from *ḱóm (“with”) +‎ *-yós (“adjectival suffix”) the ancestor of the suffix -ιος (-ios). Cognates include Latin cum, Gaulish com-, and Old English ge- κοινόω • (koinóō) Verb ("I make common, make unholy, I share") From κοινός (“common”) +‎ -όω (-verb). -όω verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. κοινωνώ • (koinonó) (simple past κοινώνησα, passive —) Verb (Christianity, transitive) receive communion, communicate, take communion (Christianity, intransitive) give communion. κοινωνάω • (koinonáo) simple past - κοινώνησα - passive Verb Alternative form of κοινωνώ (koinonó) κοινωνώ (“to take communion, to give communion”) κοινωνία f (“society, colony, community, communion”) κοινωνία • (koinonía) f (plural κοινωνίες) Noun community σοσιαλιστική κοινωνία ― socialist community. κλειστή κοινωνία ― closed community. society, communion (a group of people with a shared culture) η κοινωνία της αφθονίας ― the affluent society. (Christianity) communion Θεία κοινωνία ― Holy Communion

Answer 58

IMMOBILE - FIXED ακίνητος • (akínitos) m (feminine ακίνητη, neuter ακίνητο) Adjective (“immobile, fixed, static, immovable”) ________________________ ακινησία f (akinisía, “immobility”) ακίνητη περιουσία f (akíniti periousía, “real estate”) ακίνητο n (akínito, “property, real estate”) ακινητοποίηση f (akinitopoíisi, “immobilisation”) ακινητοποιώ (akinitopoió, “to immobilise”) ακινητώ (akinitó, “to be still”) _________________________ ακινησία • (akinisía) f (uncountable) Noun (“motionlessness, immobility (physics) rest”) _________________________ ακίνητη περιουσία f (“real estate”) ἀκίνητος (akínētos, “fixed”) + περιουσία (periousía, “wealth”) περιουσία • (periousía) f (plural περιουσίες) (“property, possessions, wealth “)(personal) ``` περῐουσῐ́ᾱ • (periousíā) f (genitive περῐουσῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun wealth, abundance, plenty Antonym: πενία (penía) fortune, estate ``` πενῐ́ᾱ • (peníā) f (genitive πενῐ́ᾱς); first declension poverty, indigence, beggary Antonyms: περῐουσῐ́ᾱ (periousíā), πλοῦτος (ploûtos) From πένης (pénēs, “poor”) or πενέω (penéō, “to be poor”) +‎ -ια (-ia). _________________________ ακίνητο • (akínito) n (plural ακίνητα) Noun real estate; property or land _________________________ ακινητοποίηση • (akinitopoíisi) f (uncountable) Noun immobilisation (UK), immobilization (US) _________________________ ακινητοποιώ • (akinitopoió) (simple past ακινητοποίησα, passive ακινητοποιούμαι) Verb immobilise (UK), immobilize (US) overpower _________________________ ακινητώ • (akinitó) (simple past ακινήτησα) Verb (“To be still”)

Answer 59

SPECIFIC - CONCRETE συγκεκριμένος • (sygkekriménos) m (feminine συγκεκριμένη, neuter συγκεκριμένο) Adjective concrete (not abstract) specific (not vague)

Answer 60

OBVIOUS - PALPABLE - TANGIBLE - RELATING TO - TO TOUCH απτός • (aptós) m (feminine απτή, neuter απτό) Adjective tangible, palpable (figuratively) obvious (Opposite) ἄαπτος • (áaptos) m or f (neuter ἄαπτον); second declension untouchable, invincible. ἀ- (a-) +‎ ἅπτομαι (háptomai, “to touch”) —————————————- ``` ᾰ̔́πτω • (háptō) Verb to kindle, set on fire, fasten fire to to fasten to, bind fast to join to (middle) to fasten myself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch (middle) to reach the mark (middle) to engage in, take part in (middle) to set upon, attack, assail (middle) to touch, affect (middle) to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive (middle) to come up to, reach, gain ``` —————————————- ``` Etymology Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ἅπτομαι (háptomai), mediopassive of ἅπτω (háptō). Verb Pronunciation IPA(key): /ˈa.pto.me/ Hyphenation: ά‧πτο‧μαι ``` άπτομαι • (áptomai) deponent (simple past -) Verb touch, be related to Tο ερώτημα άπτεται της ουσίας του θέματος. ― The question touches the heart of the matter. Θέματα που άπτονται της αρμοδιότητας … ― Issues relating to the competence of … ————————————————— ἅμμα • (hámma) n (genitive ἅμματος); third declension Anything tied or made to tie A knot A noose, a halter The link of a chain (in the plural) The clinches in wrestling A measure of length From ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten”) +‎ -μα (-ma). —————————————————— ᾰ̓νᾰ́πτω • (anáptō) Verb (transitive, ditransitive) bind or make fast to (middle, transitive) moor, form a close connection with, confer, to fasten to oneself (passive) be fastened to, cling (transitive) hang up in a temple, offer up (figuratively, transitive) attach to, ascribe, refer (transitive) light up, kindle (intransitive) to be lighted up, ignited. From ἀνα- (ana-, “on, up”) +‎ ἅπτω (háptō, “touch, fasten, ignite”). ——————————————————— ENGLISH haptic (not comparable) Of or relating to the sense of touch; tactile. (computing) Of or relating to haptics (“the study of user interfaces that use the sense of touch”). From Ancient Greek ἁπτικός (haptikós, “able to come in contact with”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “to touch”) + -ικός (-ikós, “suffix forming an adjective from a noun”).

Answer 61

GOOD - FINE - WELL Adjective ωραίος • (oraíos) m (feminine ωραία, neuter ωραίο) good, fine, nice beautiful, pretty, lovely, handsome ωραία • (oraía) Nominative singular feminine form of ωραίος (oraíos). Accusative singular feminine form of ωραίος (oraíos). Vocative singular feminine form of ωραίος (oraíos). Nominative plural neuter form of ωραίος (oraíos). Accusative plural neuter form of ωραίος (oraíos). Vocative plural neuter form of ωραίος (oraíos).

Answer 62

ALL - EVERY - WHOLE - ENTIRETY ``` πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: pas Phonetic Spelling: (pas) Definition: all, every Usage: all, the whole, every kind of. HELPS Word-studies 3956 pás – each, every; each "part(s) of a totality" (L & N, 1, 59.24). ``` 3956 /pás ("each, every") means "all" in the sense of "each (every) part that applies." The emphasis of the total picture then is on "one piece at a time." 365 (ananeóō) then focuses on the part(s) making up the whole – viewing the whole in terms of the individual parts. [When 3956 (pás) modifies a word with the definite article it has "extensive-intensive" force – and is straightforward intensive when the Greek definite article is lacking.] ``` Determiner πᾶν • (pân) neuter nominative singular of πᾶς (pâs) neuter accusative singular of πᾶς (pâs) neuter vocative singular of πᾶς (pâs) ``` ``` Noun παν • (pan) n (plural πάντα) the universe the most important thing everything (usually plural) ``` From Ancient Greek πᾶν (pân, “whole, all”) Determiner πᾶς • (pâs) (feminine πᾶσᾰ, neuter πᾶν) (in the plural) all, every, each (in the singular) whole Closely related to Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀯 (pa-si). From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂nts (whence Tocharian A po (“all, every”)), from *peh₂-. Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀯 (pa-si) Determiner 𐀞𐀯 (pa-si) all of, all Determiner πᾶσῐ • (pâsi) dative plural masculine/neuter of πᾶς (pâs) Determiner πᾶσιν • (pâsin) dative plural masculine/neuter of πᾶς (pâs) Prepositional phrase διὰ παντός • (dià pantós) forever, always Determiner παντός • (pantós) genitive singular masculine/neuter of πᾶς (pâs) Pronoun παντός • (pantós) (archaic) Genitive singular masculine form of πας (pas). (archaic) Genitive singular neuter form of πας (pas). Adjective πᾰ́ντῑμος • (pántīmos) m or f (neuter πᾰ́ντῑμον); second declension all-honourable From παν- (pan-, “all”) +‎ τῑμή (tīmḗ, “honour, esteem”) +‎ -ος (Adj) Adverb πᾰντᾰχόθεν • (pantakhóthen) from all sides, from all directions, on all sides ᾰ̔́πᾱς Etymology From ἁ- (ha-, “together”) +‎ πᾶς (pâs, “all”). Determiner ᾰ̔́πᾱς • (hápās) m (feminine ᾰ̔́πᾱσᾰ, neuter ᾰ̔́πᾰν); first/third declension quite all, the whole (in the plural) all together (with an adjective) all (with an abstract substantive) all possible, absolute (after Homer, in the singular) everyone, (neuter) everything Adverb πάντῃ • (pántēi) everywhere, in every direction, on every side, all around Synonym: πανταχῆ (pantakhê) Adverb πάντοθεν • (pántothen) from all quarters, from every side πᾶς (pâs) +‎ -θεν (-then) Suffix -θεν • (-then) Added to nouns to form adverbs of place from which: from; also used, like genitive, with prepositions

Answer 63

HERE - IN THIS PLACE θεν ἐνθάδε From ἐν (in) + -θεν (place) from ἐν and the syllable θεν, indicating the place ``` enthade: here, in this place Original Word: ἐνθάδε Part of Speech: Adverb Transliteration: enthade Phonetic Spelling: (en-thad'-eh) Definition: prop. within, (of place) here, to here Usage: here, in this place. Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 1759: ἐνθάδε ``` ἐνθάδε, adverb (from ἔνθα and the enclitic δέ; Krüger, § 9, 8, 1 and 2; (cf. Winers Grammar, 472 (440); Buttmann, 71 (62))) (from Homer down); a. here: Luke 24:41; Acts 10:18; Acts 16:28; Acts 17:6; Acts 25:24. b. hither: John 4:15; Acts 25:17. STRONGS NT 1759a: ἔνθενἔνθεν, adverb (from ἐν and the syllable θεν, indicating the place whence), hence: Matthew 17:20 L T Tr WH; Luke 16:26 G L T Tr WH. (From Homer down.) ``` ἐν Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: en Phonetic Spelling: (en) Definition: in, on, at, by, with Usage: in, on, among. HELPS Word-studies 1722 en (a preposition) – properly, in (inside, within); (figuratively) "in the realm (sphere) of," as in the condition (state) in which something operates from the inside (within). ``` -θεν Adverb πάντοθεν • (pántothen) πάντοθεν from all quarters, from every side πᾶς (pâs) +‎ -θεν (-then) Suffix -θεν • (-then) Added to nouns to form adverbs of place: from which: from; also used, like genitive, with prepositions

Answer 64

NOT SIMILAR - UNLIKE ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar”) ὁμός (homós, “same”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjectival suffix) Adjective ἀνόμοιος • (anómoios) m (feminine ἀνομοία, neuter ἀνόμοιον); first/second declension dissimilar, unlike Adjective ὅμοιος • (hómoios) m (feminine ὁμοία, neuter ὅμοιον); first/second declension Like, resembling [+dative = someone, something], similar [+dative = to someone, something] Shared, common, mutual Suited to, appropriate for Equal The same Verb ὁμοιόω • (homoióō) I make similar, assimilate I compare, liken From ὅμοιος (hómoios, “like, similar”) +‎ -όω (-óō) Suffix -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. Adjective causative (not comparable) acting as a cause (linguistics) expressing a cause or causation. from Latin causātīvus (“causative, pertaining to a lawsuit, accusative”), from causa (“to cause”); see cause (verb) and -ive. ``` Adjective factitive (not comparable) (linguistics, of a verb) Taking a complement that expresses a result along with a direct object, or inherently implying a complement; or synonymous with causative. to make someone be something enslave: to make someone a slave (linguistics, rare, of a verb) Factive. ``` Adjective factive (not comparable) (grammar, of a verb) Licensing only those content clauses that represent claims assumed to be true. You can't say that somebody "discovered" the Moon to be made of green cheese, because "discover" is a factive verb and the Moon isn't made of green cheese. (epistemology, of a knowing agent) Which does not know any falsities: which knows only truths. Latin facere (“to make”).

Answer 65

GOOD ``` ἀγαθός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: agathos Phonetic Spelling: (ag-ath-os') Definition: good Usage: intrinsically good, good in nature, good whether it be seen to be so or not, the widest and most colorless of all words with this meaning. HELPS Word-studies 18 agathós – inherently (intrinsically) good; as to the believer, 18 (agathós) describes what originates from God and is empowered by Him in their life, through faith. ```

Answer 66

GOOD - WELL ``` καλός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: kalos Phonetic Spelling: (kal-os') Definition: beautiful, good Usage: beautiful, as an outward sign of the inward good, noble, honorable character; good, worthy, honorable, noble, and seen to be so. ``` 2570 kalós – attractively good; good that inspires (motivates) others to embrace what is lovely (beautiful, praiseworthy); i.e. well done so as to be winsome (appealing).

Answer 67

EACH - INDIVIDUAL UNIT - SPECIFIC ONE ἕκαστος each Adj-NMS ``` ἕκαστος, η, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: hekastos Phonetic Spelling: (hek'-as-tos) Definition: each, every Usage: each (of more than two), every one. HELPS Word-studies 1538 hékastos (from hekas, "separate") – each (individual) unit viewed distinctly, i.e. as opposed to "severally" (as a group). ``` ``` Matthew 16:27 Adj-DMS GRK: τότε ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν NAS: REPAY EVERY MAN ACCORDING KJV: he shall reward every man according INT: then he will give to each according to the Matthew 18:35 Adj-NMS GRK: μὴ ἀφῆτε ἕκαστος τῷ ἀδελφῷ NAS: to you, if each of you does not forgive KJV: forgive not every one his brother INT: not you forgive each the brother ``` ``` Matthew 25:15 Adj-DMS GRK: δὲ ἕν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν NAS: one, each according KJV: one; to every man according INT: moreover one to each according to the ``` ``` Matthew 26:22 Adj-NMS GRK: αὐτῷ εἷς ἕκαστος Μήτι ἐγώ NAS: grieved, they each one KJV: and began every one of them INT: to him one each not I ``` Mark 13:34 Adj-DMS GRK: τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἑκάστῳ τὸ ἔργον NAS: in charge, [assigning] to each one his task, KJV: servants, and to every man his work, INT: the authority to each one the work ``` Luke 2:3 Adj-NMS GRK: πάντες ἀπογράφεσθαι ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν NAS: to register for the census, each to his own KJV: to be taxed, every one into INT: all to be registered each to the ``` ``` Luke 4:40 Adj-DMS GRK: δὲ ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ αὐτῶν τὰς NAS: His hands on each one KJV: his hands on every one of them, INT: and on one each of them the ``` ``` Luke 6:44 Adj-NNS GRK: ἕκαστον γὰρ δένδρον NAS: For each tree is known KJV: For every tree is known INT: each indeed tree ``` Luke 13:15 Adj-NMS GRK: εἶπεν Ὑποκριταί ἕκαστος ὑμῶν τῷ NAS: You hypocrites, does not each of you on the Sabbath KJV: not each one of you INT: said Hypocrites each one of you on the Luke 16:5 Adj-AMS GRK: προσκαλεσάμενος ἕνα ἕκαστον τῶν χρεοφειλετῶν NAS: And he summoned each one KJV: So he called every one of his INT: having called to [him] one each of the debtors

Answer 68

A FEW - A LITTLE PIECE βραχύ little [piece] Adj-ANS ``` βραχύς, εῖα, ύ Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: brachus Phonetic Spelling: (brakh-ooce') Definition: short, little Usage: short, little, few. ``` few words, little space. Of uncertain affinity; short (of time, place, quantity, or number) -- few words, little (space, while). βραχέα βραχεί βραχείς βραχεων βραχέων βραχυ βραχύ βραχὺ ``` Luke 22:58 Adj-ANS GRK: καὶ μετὰ βραχὺ ἕτερος ἰδὼν NAS: A little later, another KJV: And after a little while another saw INT: And after a little another having seen John 6:7 Adj-ANS GRK: ἵνα ἕκαστος βραχὺ τι λάβῃ NAS: to receive a little. KJV: may take a little. INT: that each little some might receive ``` ``` Acts 5:34 Adj-ANS GRK: ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω βραχὺ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους NAS: the men outside for a short time. KJV: forth a little space; INT: commanded out for a short while the apostles ``` Acts 27:28 Adj-ANS GRK: ὀργυιὰς εἴκοσι βραχὺ δὲ διαστήσαντες NAS: fathoms; and a little farther KJV: when they had gone a little further, they sounded INT: fathoms twenty a little moreover having gone farther Hebrews 2:7 Adj-ANS GRK: ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' NAS: YOU HAVE MADE HIM FOR A LITTLE WHILE LOWER KJV: Thou madest him a little lower than INT: You did make lower him little some than ``` Hebrews 2:9 Adj-ANS GRK: τὸν δὲ βραχύ τι παρ' NAS: Him who was made for a little while lower KJV: who was made a little lower than INT: who however little some than ``` Hebrews 13:22 Adj-GNP GRK: γὰρ διὰ βραχέων ἐπέστειλα ὑμῖν KJV: unto you in few words. INT: indeed in few words I wrote to you

Answer 69

PRODIGIOUS - UNCOMMON - LARGE - EXTRAORDINARY MORE THAN SUFFICIENT SIZE Etymology From περί (perí, “above, beyond”) Adjective περισσός • (perissós) m (feminine περισσή, neuter περισσόν); first/second declension beyond the regular number or size, prodigious out of the common way, extraordinary, uncommon, remarkable, strange (of persons) extraordinary, eminent, remarkable (with genitive) beyond others in more than sufficient, reserve, spare, surplus (in a bad sense) superfluous, redundant, useless excessive, extravagant (of persons) over-wise, over-curious (as a term of praise) subtle, acute (arithmetic) odd Synonyms: ἀνᾰ́ρτῐος (anártios), σκαληνός (skalēnós) Antonyms: ἄρτιος (ártios), ἰσοσκελής (isoskelḗs) ``` Verb περισσεύω • (perisseúō) to be over and above, to go beyond to be more than enough, remain over (in a bad sense) to be superfluous (of persons) to abound in, to have more than enough of to be superior, to be better than, to have the advantage (causal) to make to abound (of time) to make longer ``` ``` Preposition περῐ́ • (perí) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) (+ genitive) about, concerning, because of (+ dative) around, for, about (+ accusative) around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about ```

Answer 70

UNNECESSARY - SUPERFLUOUS Adjective περιττός • (perittós) m (feminine περιττή, neuter περιττό) unnecessary, needless, superfluous (mathematics) odd

Answer 71

EACH - EVERY ONE ``` ἕκαστος, η, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: hekastos Phonetic Spelling: (hek'-as-tos) Definition: each, every Usage: each (of more than two), every one. HELPS Word-studies 1538 hékastos (from hekas, "separate") – each (individual) unit viewed distinctly, i.e. as opposed to "severally" (as a group). ```

Answer 72

SHORT - LITTLE - FEW - SMALL PORTION ``` βραχύς, εῖα, ύ Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: brachus Phonetic Spelling: (brakh-ooce') Definition: short, little Usage: short, little, few. ``` βραχύ little [piece] Adj-ANS

Answer 73

ONE “THING” εἷς one Adj-NMS

Answer 74

HE GOT BURNED (Ripped-off) POOR THING - UNDERSERVING VICTIM - MISERABLE SOD From Ancient Greek καίω (kaíō, “to burn”). καημένος Adjective Poor • ( kaimenos ) m ( feminine poor , neuter poor ) ( chiefly with an article before ) poor ( expressing sympathy etc ) The poor old grandfather is not feeling well these days. O kaïménos o pappoús den aisthánetai kalá aftó ton kairó. Poor Grandad isn't feeling well this weather. The poor Mary lost all her money. I kaïméni i María échase tala ta leftá tis. Poor Maria lost all her money. Let the poor child and do not argue with him! As' to to kaïméno to paidí kai min to malóneis! Leave the poor child alone and stop scolding it! ``` Verb καίω • (kaíō) I light, kindle, set on fire I burn, burn up I cause to be extremely cold (e.g. of frost) (passive) I burn with passion (middle) I make a fire for myself (medicine) I cauterize ``` Noun καῦμᾰ • (kaûma) n (genitive καύμᾰτος); third declension burning, glow, heat (especially of the sun) fever (in the plural) holes cut by cautery brand (mark of ownership made by burning) (figuratively) love Noun καύσων • (kaúsōn) m (genitive καύσωνος); third declension burning heat, summer heat, heatwave sirocco, a hot southern wind Ultmately from καίω (kaíō, “to kindle, burn”). Noun καύσωνας • (káfsonas) m (plural καύσωνες) heatwave, hot spell Adjective κήλεος • (kḗleos) m (feminine κηλέη, neuter κήλεον); first/second declension (Epic) burning, blazing From the root of καίω (to burn).

Answer 75

A LITTLE Adjective λίγο • (lígo) Accusative singular masculine form of λίγος (lígos). Nominative, accusative and vocative singular neuter form of λίγος (lígos). Adverb[edit] λίγο • (lígo) a little Derived terms[edit] λιγάκι (ligáki, “a little bit”, adverb) λιγουλάκι (ligouláki, adverb, diminutive) λίγο λίγο (lígo lígo, “little by little”) κάθε λίγο και λιγάκι (káthe lígo kai ligáki)

Answer 76

DIFFICULT - HARDSHIP χᾰλεπός • (khalepós) m (feminine χᾰλεπή, neuter χᾰλεπόν); first/second declension difficult, hard hard to bear, painful, grievous hard to deal with, cruel, harsh, stern savage, fierce

Answer 77

EASY Adjective ῥᾴδῐος • (rhā́idios) m (feminine ῥᾳδῐ́ᾱ, neuter ῥᾴδῐον); first/second declension easy, easy to understand, easy to do easygoing, adaptable reckless, unscrupulous better (i.e. get better from sickness) ἑκ ῥᾳδίας (hek rhāidías, “easily”)

Answer 78

BLESSED Adjective μάκᾰρ • (mákar) m or f (neuter μάκᾰρ); third declension blessed, happy blessed, happy. A prolonged form of the poetical makar (meaning the same); supremely blest; by extension, fortunate, well off -- blessed, happy(X -ier). ``` μακάριος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: makarios Phonetic Spelling: (mak-ar'-ee-os) Definition: blessed, happy Usage: happy, blessed, to be envied. HELPS Word-studies 3107 makários (from mak-, "become long, large") – properly, when God extends His benefits (the advantages He confers); blessed. ``` 3107 /makários ("blessed") describes a believer in enviable ("fortunate") position from receiving God's provisions (favor) – which (literally) extend ("make long, large") His grace (benefits). This happens with receiving (obeying) the Lord's inbirthings of faith. Hence, faith (4102 /pístis) and 3107 (makários) are closely associated (Ro 4:5-7,14:22,23; Rev 14:12,13). Adjective μακάριος • (makários) m (feminine μακαρία, neuter μακάριον); first/second declension (mostly of men) blessed, happy (often in Plato as a plural substantive) the rich and better educated (of the dead) (of states, qualities, and the like) From Ancient Greek Μακαρία (Makaría, literally “she who is blessed”). Proper noun Macaria (Greek mythology) The goddess of the blessed dead, who go to the Elysian Fields. (Greek mythology) A daughter of Heracles/Hercules. Proper noun Μᾰκᾰρῐ́ᾱ • (Makaríā) f (genitive Μᾰκᾰρῐ́ᾱς); first declension Macaria Proper noun Hecate The powerful goddess, in Greek mythology, of magic, crossroads, fire, light, the moon, and the underworld. Her Roman counterpart is Trivia. (astronomy) 100 Hekate, a main belt asteroid. Coordinate terms[edit] (Greco-Roman moon goddess): Trivia, Artemis/Diana, Selene/Luna, Theia, Phoebe, Pandia, the Menae (goddesses of the dead): Melinoe/Mania, Macaria, Persephone/Proserpina. Proper noun Ἑκᾰ́τη • (Hekátē) f (genitive Ἑκᾰ́της); first declension (Greek mythology) Hecate From an Anatolian language. Often incorrectly derived from ἑκάς (hekás, “far away”) (compare ἑκάεργος (hekáergos, “far working”), an epithet of Apollo). From an Anatolian language. Often incorrectly derived from ἑκάς (hekás, “far away”) (compare ἑκάεργος (hekáergos, “far working”), an epithet of Apollo). Adverb ἑκᾰ́ς • (hekás) afar, far off long after From ἕ (hé) +‎ -κᾰ́ς (-kás), from Proto-Indo-European *swé and one possible cognate seen in द्विशस् (dviśas, “two by two”). See also ἀνδρᾰκᾰ́ς (andrakás, “man by man”). Pronoun ἕ • (hé) accusative of οὗ (hoû): him from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“reflexive pronoun”). Pronoun *swé self (reflexive pronoun) Cognates: ὅς (hós) means "my own" or "your own" ``` Matthew 5:3 Adj-NMP GRK: ΜΑΚΑΡΙΟΙ οἱ πτωχοὶ NAS: Blessed are the poor in spirit, KJV: Blessed [are] the poor in spirit: INT: Blessed [are] the poor Matthew 5:4 Adj-NMP GRK: μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες NAS: Blessed are those who mourn, KJV: Blessed [are] they that mourn: for INT: Blessed they who mourn ``` ``` Matthew 5:5 Adj-NMP GRK: μακάριοι οἱ πραεῖς NAS: Blessed are the gentle, KJV: Blessed [are] the meek: for INT: Blessed the meek ``` ``` Matthew 5:6 Adj-NMP GRK: μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες NAS: Blessed are those who hunger KJV: Blessed [are] they which do hunger INT: Blessed they who hunger ``` ``` Matthew 5:7 Adj-NMP GRK: μακάριοι οἱ ἐλεήμονες NAS: Blessed are the merciful, KJV: Blessed [are] the merciful: for INT: Blessed the merciful ```

Answer 79

POOR πτωχός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: ptóchos Phonetic Spelling: (pto-khos') Definition: (of one who crouches and cowers, hence) beggarly, poor Usage: poor, destitute, spiritually poor, either in a good sense (humble devout persons) or bad. 4434 ptōxós (from ptōssō, "to crouch or cower like a beggar") – properly, bent over; (figuratively) deeply destitute, completely lacking resources (earthly wealth) – i.e. helpless as a beggar. 4434 (ptōxós) relates to "the pauper rather than the mere peasant, the extreme opposite of the rich" (WP, 1, 371). πτώσσω, to be thoroughly frightened, to cower down or hide oneself for fear; hence, πτωχός properly, one who sLinks and crouches), often involving the idea of roving about in wretchedness (see πένης, at the end; "but it always had a bad sense till it was ennobled in the Gospels; see Matthew 5:3; Luke 6:20, cf. 2 Corinthians 8:9" reduced to beggary, begging, mendicant, asking alms: poor, needy (opposed to πλούσιος) in a broader sense, destitute of wealth, influence, position, honors; lowly, afflicted: ``` beggar, poor. From ptosso (to crouch); akin to ptoeo and the alternate of pipto); a beggar (as cringing), i.e. Pauper (strictly denoting absolute or public mendicancy, although also used in a qualified or relative sense; whereas penes properly means only straitened circumstances in private), literally (often as noun) or figuratively (distressed) -- beggar(-ly), poor. ``` see GREEK ptoeo see GREEK pipto see GREEK penes ``` πτοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ptoeó Phonetic Spelling: (pto-eh'-o) Definition: to terrify Usage: I terrify, scare, strike with panic. HELPS Word-studies 4422 ptoéō (from the root meaning, "fly") – properly, flutter; (figuratively) terrify, like when someone "flies off" into unrealistic, irrational behavior. ``` 4422 /ptoéō ("terrified") means to be provoked by agitating fears, causing someone to become "psychologically detached from reality." [4422 (ptoéō) in ancient Greek meant "to alarm, be startled, terrified" (BAGD).] frighten. Probably akin to the alternate of pipto (through the idea of causing to fall) or to petomai (through that of causing to fly away); to scare -- frighten. see GREEK pipto see GREEK petomai ``` πίπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: piptó Phonetic Spelling: (pip'-to) Definition: to fall Usage: I fall, fall under (as under condemnation), fall prostrate. ``` πίπτω to be prostrated, fall prostrate; of those overcome by terror or astonishment or grief: to prostrate oneself; used now of suppliants, now of persons rendering homage or worship to one: ``` πέτομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: petomai Phonetic Spelling: (pet'-om-ahee) Definition: to fly Usage: I fly. ``` Revelation 4:7 πετομένῳ flying V-PPM/P-DMS ``` πένης, ητος, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: penés Phonetic Spelling: (pen'-ace) Definition: one who works for his living Usage: one who works for his living; a laborer, poor man. ``` from penomai (to work for one's daily bread)

Answer 80

MEEK - GENTLE - MILD πρᾳότης: meekness. ``` Original Word: πρᾳότης, τητος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: praotés Phonetic Spelling: (prah-ot'-ace) Definition: meekness Usage: mildness, gentleness, meekness, kindness. HELPS Word-studies 4236 praótēs– properly, temperate, displaying the right blend of force and reserve (gentleness). 4236 /praótēs ("strength in gentleness") avoids unnecessary harshness, yet without compromising or being too slow to use necessary force. ``` For the believer, 4236 /praótēs ("meekness") is the fruit (product) of the Holy Spirit (Gal 5:23), i.e. it is never something humanly accomplished (or simply "biological"). ``` πρᾷος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: praos Phonetic Spelling: (prah'-os) Definition: meek Usage: mild, gentle, meek, kind. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 4235 práos – meek, i.e. the necessary balance of exercising power and avoiding harshness. ``` ``` πραΰς, πραεῖα, πραΰ Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: praus Phonetic Spelling: (prah-ooce') Definition: meekness Usage: mild, gentle. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 4239 praýs (also listed as 4239a/praupathia in NAS dictionary) – meek. See 4236 (praótēs). ``` This difficult-to-translate root (pra-) means more than "meek." Biblical meekness is not weakness but rather refers to exercising God's strength under His control – i.e. demonstrating power without undue harshness. [The English term "meek" often lacks this blend – i.e. of gentleness (reserve) and strength.]

Answer 81

WORSE ``` χείρων, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: cheirón Phonetic Spelling: (khi'-rone) Definition: worse Usage: worse, more severe. ``` From the root of κακός

Answer 82

BAD - EVIL ``` κακός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: kakos Phonetic Spelling: (kak-os') Definition: bad, evil Usage: bad, evil, in the widest sense. HELPS Word-studies 2556 kakós (an adjective, and the root of 2549 /kakía, "inner malice") – properly, inwardly foul, rotten (poisoned); (figuratively) inner malice flowing out of a morally-rotten character (= the "rot is already in the wood"). ``` [2556 /kakós is often a pronominal adjective (i.e. used as a substantive) meaning, "wickedness, inner evil."]

Answer 83

SHARP - BRIGHT (Perfect Fifth) Adjective ὀξῠ́ς • (oxús) m (feminine ὀξεῖᾰ, neuter ὀξύ); first/third declension sharp, pointed (especially of swords, axes, etc.) (of the senses): sharp, keen (of sight): dazzling, bright (of sound): shrill, piercing, high, sharp (of taste): sharp, pungent, acid quick, hasty, swift sharp, clever From the Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Noun ὀξεῖᾰ • (oxeîa) f (genitive ὀξείᾱς); first declension oxia (the acute accent, indicating high or rising pitch) Noun δῐοξειῶν • (dioxeiôn) f (music) a fifth (musical interval between one note and another five tones higher) δῐ(ὰ) (di(à), preposition) +‎ ὀξειῶν (oxeiôn, genitive plural feminine) ——————————————————- ``` προσῳδῐ́ᾱ Etymology From πρός (prós, “to”) +‎ ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Noun προσῳδῐ́ᾱ • (prosōidíā) f (genitive προσῳδῐ́ᾱς); first declension a song with an accompaniment (grammar) the tone or pitch of a word diacritic mark English: prosody ```