MENTAL SENSES Flashcards

Question

συνειδητοποιώ

Answer 1

TO MAKE AWARE OF -GIVE NOTICE συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (past συνειδητοποίησα) Realize To be made aware of From συνειδητός (syneiditós, “conscious”) +‎ ποιώ (poió, “make”). δεν έλαβα ποτέ την ειδοποίησή σας i never received your notice

Answer 2

HORIZON - BOUNDARY - LIMIT ``` ορίζω • (orízo) active (simple past όρισα, passive ορίζομαι) Verb define, designate decide arrive, reach ``` ——————————————- ``` ὁρίζω • (horízō) Verb I divide, separate from. I separate. I delimit. I bound. I pass between or through. I part, divide. I mark out. I trace as a boundary. I ordain, determine, lay down. I define a thing. (middle) I mark out for myself. I determine for myself. I define a thing. (intransitive) I border upon. (Attic law) I have marked with ὅροι (hóroi) ``` From ὅρος (“boundary, border”) +‎ -ίζω (-verb suffix). ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension Noun boundary, limit, frontier, landmark marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press rule, standard term, definition goal, end, aim. ————————————————— cognates including Latin urvō. To “trace” a boundary. Verb urvō (present infinitive urvāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem (intransitive) I trace (especially, the walls surrounding a new settlement) ————————————————— ορίζοντας m (“horizon”) οριζόντιος (“horizontal”) ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics) ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle) ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”) οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar) οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”) υποορισμός m (ypoorismós) αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”) διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”) εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”) καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”) καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”) περιορίζω • (periorízo) (simple past περιόρισα, passive περιορίζομαι) Verb (transitive) confine, restrict, curb Το υπουργείο επιθυμεί να περιορίσει την άνοδο του πληθωρισμού. To ypourgeío epithymeí na periorísei tin ánodo tou plithorismoú. The ministry wishes to restrict the rise in inflation. (transitive) limit (transitive) restrain προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”) προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”) ————————————- ``` αόριστος • (aóristos) m (feminine αόριστη, neuter αόριστο) Adjective vague (grammar) indefinite (grammar) preterite ``` αόριστος • (aóristos) m (plural αόριστοι) Grammar (grammar) aorist, past tense, simple past, perfective past ———————————————— απεριόριστος • (aperióristos) m (feminine απεριόριστη, neuter απεριόριστο) Adjective unlimited unconstrained περιοριστικός (perioristikós, “restrictive, limited”) περιοριστικός • (perioristikós) m (feminine περιοριστική, neuter περιοριστικό) Adjective restrictive, limited, constrained —————————————— οριζόντιο δοκάρι n (orizóntio dokári, “crossbar”) οριζόντια (orizóntia, “horizontally”) οριζόντια • (orizóntia) Adverb horizontally

Answer 3

# DEFINE - DETERMINE - PRESCRIBE define (v.) late 14c., deffinen, diffinen, "to specify; to fix or establish authoritatively;" of words, phrases, etc., "state the signification of, explain what is meant by, describe in detail," from Old French defenir, definir "to finish, conclude, come to an end; bring to an end; define, determine with precision," and directly from Medieval Latin diffinire, definire, from Latin definire "to limit, determine, explain," from de "completely" (see de-) + finire "to bound, limit," from finis "boundary, end" (see finish (v.)). From c. 1400 as "determine, declare, or mark the limit of." Related: Defined; defining. —————————————————— Related terms αδιοριστία f (adioristía, “nonappointment”) αδιόριστος (adióristos, “not appointed”) ακαθοριστία f (akathoristía) ακαθόριστος (akathóristos, “vague, indeterminate”) αοριστία f (aoristía) αοριστικός (aoristikós) αοριστολογία f (aoristología) αοριστολογώ (aoristologó) αόριστος (aóristos, “vague, (grammar): past tense”) απεριόριστος (aperióristos, “unlinmited”) απροσδιοριστία (aprosdioristía) ορίζοντας m (orízontas, “horizon”) οριζόντιος (orizóntios, “horizontal”) οριζοντιώνω (orizontióno) οριζοντίωση (orizontíosi) ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics) ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle) ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”) οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar) οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”) υποορισμός m (ypoorismós) Compounds of the verb: (and see their derivatives) ``` αυτοεξορίζομαι (aftoexorízomai) αυτοπεριορίζομαι (aftoperiorízomai) αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”) διαφορίζω (diaforízo) (mathematics) διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”) εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”) επαναπροσδιορίζω (epanaprosdiorízo) καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”) καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”) περιορίζω (periorízo) προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”) προορίζω (proorízo) προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”) ``` determine (v.) late 14c., determinen, "to settle, decide upon; state definitely; fix the bounds of; limit in time or extent," also "come to a firm decision or definite intention" (to do something), from Old French determiner (12c.) and directly from Latin determinare "to enclose, bound, set limits to," from de "off" (see de-) + terminare "to mark the end or boundary," from terminus "end, limit" (see terminus). Meaning "render judgment" is from early 15c. Sense of "give direction or tendency to" is from early 15c. Meaning "to find (as the solution of a problem)" is from 1640s. Related: Determined; determining; determiner. terminus (n.) 1550s, "goal, end, final point," from Latin terminus (plural termini) "an end, a limit, boundary line," from PIE *ter-men- "peg, post," from root *ter-, base of words meaning "peg, post; boundary, marker, goal" (source also of Sanskrit tarati "passes over, crosses over," tarantah "sea;" Hittite tarma- "peg, nail," tarmaizzi "he limits;" Greek terma "boundary, end-point, limit," termon "border;" Gothic þairh, Old English þurh "through;" Old English þyrel "hole;" Old Norse þrömr "edge, chip, splinter"). "The Hittite noun and the usage in Latin suggest that the PIE word denoted a concrete object which came to refer to a boundary-stone." [de Vaan] In ancient Rome, Terminus was the name of the deity who presided over boundaries and landmarks, focus of the important Roman festival of Terminalia (held Feb. 23, the end of the old Roman year). The meaning "either end of a transportation line" is first recorded 1836. ——————————————- FINITE - FINAL - FINISH - FINE finish (v.) late 14c., "to bring to an end;" mid-15c., "to come to an end" (intransitive), from Old French finiss-, present participle stem of fenir "stop, finish, come to an end; die" (13c.), from Latin finire "to limit, set bounds; put an end to; come to an end," from finis "that which divides, a boundary, border," figuratively "a limit, an end, close, conclusion; an extremity, highest point; greatest degree," which is of unknown origin, perhaps related to figere "to fasten, fix" (see fix (v.)). Meaning "to kill, terminate the existence of" is from 1755. finite (adj.) early 15c., "limited in space or time, finite," from Latin finitum, past participle of finire "to limit, set bounds; come to an end" (see finish (v.)). Related: Finitely; finiteness. definitive (adj.) late 14c., "ending, determining, conclusive," from Old French definitif (12c.), from Latin definitivus "explanatory, definitive," in Late Latin "definite," from definit-, past-participle stem of definire "to limit, determine, explain," from de "completely" (see de-) + finire "to bound, limit," from finis "boundary, end" (see finish (v.)). As a noun, in grammar, "a defining or limiting word," by 1751. Related: Definitively; definitiveness. definite (adj.) c. 1500, "fixed, established; certain, precise;" 1550s, "having fixed limits," from Latin definitus "defined, bounded, limited," past participle of definire "to limit, determine, explain," from de "completely" (see de-) + finire "to bound, limit," from finis "boundary, end" (see finish (v.)). From 1727 in grammar, "defining, limiting." Definite means "defined, clear, precise, unmistakable;" definitive means "having the character of finality." Related: Definiteness. Related entries & more define (v.) late 14c., deffinen, diffinen, "to specify; to fix or establish authoritatively;" of words, phrases, etc., "state the signification of, explain what is meant by, describe in detail," from Old French defenir, definir "to finish, conclude, come to an end; bring to an end; define, determine with precision," and directly from Medieval Latin diffinire, definire, from Latin definire "to limit, determine, explain," from de "completely" (see de-) + finire "to bound, limit," from finis "boundary, end" (see finish (v.)). From c. 1400 as "determine, declare, or mark the limit of." Related: Defined; defining. fine (adj.) mid-13c., "unblemished, refined, pure, free of impurities," also "of high quality, choice," from Old French fin "perfected, of highest quality" (12c.), a back-formation from finire or else from Latin finis "that which divides, a boundary, limit, border, end" (see finish (v.)); hence "acme, peak, height," as in finis boni "the highest good." The English word is from c. 1300 as "rich, valuable, costly;" also in a moral sense "true, genuine; faithful, constant." From late 14c. as "expertly fashioned, well or skillfully made," also, of cloth, "delicately wrought." Of weapons or edges, "sharp" from c. 1400. In reference to quality of gold and silver, late 15c. In French, the main meaning remains "delicate, intricately skillful;" in English since c. 1300 fine has been also a general broad expression of admiration or approval, the equivalent of French beau (as in fine arts, "those which appeal to the mind and the imagination," 1767, translating French beaux-arts). Related: Finer; finest. Fine print is from 1861 as "type small and close-set;" by 1934 in the extended sense "qualifications and limitations of a deal."

Answer 4

TYPE - PRINT - SEAL - EMBOSS - IMPRESS τυπώνω • (typóno) I print ανατυπώνω • (anatypóno) (past ανατύπωσα, passive ανατυπώνομαι) reprint ανατύπωση • (anatýposi) f (plural ανατυπώσεις) reimpression, reprinting ανατύπωμα • (anatýpoma) n (plural ανατυπώματα) reimpression, reprinting ``` τύπος • (týpos) m (plural τύποι) sort, type, mould, stamp (of a person character) model, type (of car, etc) shape, form the press, the newspapers collectively formality, convention (chemistry, mathematics) formula (colloquial) a man, a guy, a chap ``` Ultimately from the Ancient Greek τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow, pressing; mark, impression; type; text, content; outline, figure; pattern; summoning”) From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”) Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-. ανάτυπο n (anátypo, “offprint”) ανατυπώνω (anatypóno, “to reprint”) ανατύπωση f (anatýposi, “impression”) συνέντευξη τύπου f (synéntefxi týpou, “press conference”) τυπικός (typikós, “formal”) τυπολάτρης m (typolátris, “formalist, ritualist”) ``` τῠ́πος • (túpos) m (genitive τῠ́που); second declension A blow, pressing The results of a blow: mark, impression mark, figure, image, outline General character of a thing: sort, type text, content pattern, example, model summoning ``` ``` From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”). τύπτω • (túptō) (literally or figuratively) to beat, strike, smite (middle) to beat, strike oneself to beat one's breast in grief: to mourn ``` τύμμᾰ • (túmma) n (genitive τύμμᾰτος); third declension A blow, a wound A pick, a sting, a snakebite From τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to strike”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). τῠ́μπᾰνον Cylinder Seal ``` τῠ́μπᾰνον • (túmpanon) n (genitive τῠμπᾰ́νου); second declension (music) drum, kettledrum drumstick, staff, cudgel instrument of torture cylinder or drum of a piston wheel ``` ``` tympanum n (genitive tympanī); second declension drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine ``` tympanum (plural tympanums or tympana) (architecture) A triangular space between the sides of a pediment. (architecture) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch. The middle ear. The eardrum. (anatomy) A hearing organ in frogs, toads and some insects. (anatomy) In certain birds, the labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe. (engineering) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged; used for raising water, as for irrigation. ``` Old Irish tiompán m (genitive singular tiompáin, nominative plural tiompáin) tympan, drum (literary) metal-stringed instrument of harp kind timbrel, tambourine kettledrum hollow hump (geography) deep, sheltered cove ``` ``` Etymology[edit] From Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum, kettledrum”). Doublet of τούμπανο (toúmpano). Noun[edit] τύμπανο • (týmpano) n (plural τύμπανα) (music) timpani, drum (anatomy) ear drum (architecture) tympanum (lithography) drum ``` Synonym Synonyms νταούλι n (“folk drum”) τυμπανοκρουσία • (tympanokrousía) f (plural τυμπανοκρουσίες) a drum roll on snare drum, tattoo (figuratively) noisy presentation, fanfare ————————— HEBREW טִיפּוּס • (típus) m (plural indefinite טִיפּוּסִים‎, plural construct טִיפּוּסֵי־‎) type, personality model Ultimately from the Ancient Greek τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow, pressing; mark, impression; type; text, content; outline, figure; pattern; summoning”), from τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”), Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-.

Answer 5

PROTOTYPE - TEMPLATE - PATTERN - STANDARD - MODEL πρότυπο πρωτότυπο n (protótypo, “prototype”) πρότυπο • (prótypo) n (plural πρότυπα) template, model, pattern (used for later copies) standard Synonyms υπόδειγμα n (ypódeigma, “model, paragon”) σχέδιο n (schédio, “design, pattern”)

Answer 6

EMBLEM ``` έμβλημα • (émvlima) n (plural εμβλήματα) Noun emblem emblem (plural emblems) A representative symbol, such as a trademark or logo. ``` ``` ἔμβλημᾰ • (émblēma) n (genitive ἔμβλημᾰτος); third declension An insertion A chased or imbossed ornament A graft A tessellated work, a mosaic. ``` From ἐμβάλλω (“to put in, to lay on”) and the suffix -μα (-result noun) -μα Noun denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action. from Ancient Greek ἔμβλημα (“an insertion”) from ἐμβάλλειν (“to put in, to lay on”). ``` ἐμβάλλω • (embállō) to throw in, cast in to put into (someone's hands) to bring (to a place) to infuse with, inspire with to apply oneself to ``` ἐμ- (in-) +‎ βάλλω (bállō) From Latin emblema (“raised ornaments on vessels, tessellated work, mosaic”) ———————————— σύμβολο • (sýmvolo) n (plural σύμβολα) symbol, character, glyph ———————————— OLD ENGLISH Token from Old English tācn (“sign”) ``` From Old English tācn from Proto-Germanic *taikną (“sign, token, symbol”). Noun[edit] token (plural tokenes) token (a physical object representing an action, concept, etc.) omen, portent token (support for a belief) prearranged signal token (momento, keepsake) A flag, banner, standard associated with a person or event. model, example guarantee (astronomy) celestial body (astrology) astrological sign ``` ``` Old English - tācn n (nominative plural tācn or tācnu) sign, significant form token, credential sign of the Zodiac a distinguishing mark a sign to attract attention, signal a sign of anything future, a prognostic an action that conveys a meaning an indication, a mark which shows condition or state a sign which shews the truth or reality of anything, proof, demonstration, evidence a supernatural sign, miracle, prodigy a signal event, remarkable circumstance. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, indicate, point out, declare”). From Proto-Germanic *taikną n sign, token, symbol

Answer 7

SIGN - SEAL - TOKEN - IMPRINT σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension Noun mark, sign, token. a sign from the gods, an omen, portent. a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner. the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow. a token by which one's identity or commission was certified. a constellation. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”). ____________________________________ ``` σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) Verb I show, point out, indicate. I sign, signal. Ι predict, portend. I signal someone to do something, I bid. I signify, indicate, declare. (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture. (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal. ``` From σῆμᾰ (“mark, sign”) +‎ -ῐον -ῐος Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to. ``` σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension Noun a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time. ``` ``` σημειόω • (sēmeióō) Verb From σημεῖον (sēmeîon) +‎ -όω to mark, stamp to seal (e.g. letters) to signal (in middle) to take notice of, honor (in middle) to interpret as a sign or portent, infer as from a sign (in middle, medicine) to diagnose, examine (in middle) to note (for oneself) ``` From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥, from *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”). _____________________________________ From Proto-Italic *skreiβō (with scrīptus for *scriptus after scrīpsī), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek σκάριφος (skáriphos). ``` Verb σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` ``` Noun σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance ``` Noun σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Tο ρήμα «τρέχω» έχει πολλές σημασίες. To ríma «trécho» échei pollés simasíes. The verb “trécho” has many meanings. κυριολεκτική σημασία ― kyriolektikí simasía ― literal sense μεταφορική σημασία ― metaforikí simasía ― figurative sense significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “a mark”) Adjective σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension significant, giving signs Adjective σημαντικός • (simantikós) m (feminine σημαντική, neuter σημαντικό) important, significant, considerable, outstanding, notable Related terms: to σημαντικός εξαιρετικός m (exairetikós, “excellent”)

Answer 8

SIGN ``` σήμα • (síma) n (plural σήματα) (business) trademark, logo insignia signature tune signal (analogue or digital) (computing) signal ``` From σῆμᾰ (“a mark”) σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension Noun mark, sign, token a sign from the gods, an omen, portent a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin a token by which one's identity or commission was certified a constellation From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) +‎ -μᾰ (-result noun). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”). ``` σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` ``` σημαίνω • (simaíno) (past σήμανα, passive —) Verb mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal ``` σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) Noun Sense (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ― The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings. κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense μεταφορική σημασία ― metaphorical/figurative sense significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― unimportant, meaningless δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") Related terms[edit] σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) ``` σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν) Adjective significant, giving signs From σημαίνω (“to indicate”) +‎ -ικός (-adjective). ἐπισημαντικός (episēmantikós) κατασημαντικός (katasēmantikós) παρασημαντικός (parasēmantikós) προσημαντικός (prosēmantikós) ``` ασήμαντος • (asímantos) m (feminine ασήμαντη, neuter ασήμαντο) Adjective trivial, negligible, insignificant. ``` σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς) Noun the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance ``` ——————————————————— ``` Derived terms[edit] ἀντῐσημαίνω (antisēmaínō) ἀποσημαίνω (aposēmaínō) δῐᾰσημαίνω (diasēmaínō) ἐκσημαίνω (eksēmaínō) ἐνσημαίνω (ensēmaínō) ἐπῐσημαίνω (episēmaínō) κᾰτᾰσημαίνομαι (katasēmaínomai) πᾰρᾰσημαίνομαι (parasēmaínomai) προσημαίνω (prosēmaínō) προσσημαίνω (prossēmaínō) σῠσσημαίνω (sussēmaínō) ὑποσημαίνω (huposēmaínō) Related terms[edit] σήμανσῐς (sḗmansis) σημαντέος (sēmantéos) σημαντήρ (sēmantḗr) σημαντήρῐον (sēmantḗrion) σημαντῐκός (sēmantikós) σημαντός (sēmantós) σημάντριον (sēmántrion) σημαντρίς (sēmantrís) σήμαντρον (sḗmantron) σημάντωρ (sēmántōr) σημᾰσίᾱ (sēmasíā) ``` ————————————————- ``` Related terms[edit] επίσημος (epísimos, “formal, official”) εύσημο n (éfsimo, “certificate of merit”) also, the words and their derivatives: σημάδι n (simádi, “mark, sign”) σημαία f (simaía, “flag”) σημαίνω (simaíno, “mean, signify”) σήμανση f (símansi, “labelling, marking”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important”) σημασία f (simasía, “meaning”) σημείο n (simeío, “point”) σημειώνω (simeióno, “I mark”) ``` επίσημος • (epísimos) m (feminine επίσημη, neuter επίσημο) Adjective formal, official, authoritative, formal, relating to office or position. επιτακτικός • (epitaktikós) m (feminine επιτακτική, neuter επιτακτικό) Adjective imperative, authoritative, mandatory ``` σημάδι • (simádi) n (plural σημάδια) Noun mark, sign scar, birthmark omen Synonyms (omen): οιωνός m (oionós) (mark, birthmark): στίγμα n (stígma) (omen): σημείο n (simeío) ``` ασημάδευτος (asimádeftos, “unscarred; unaimed”) κακοσημαδιά (kakosimadiá) σημάδεμα (simádema) σημαδεμένος (simademénos, “scarred; aimed”, participle) σημαδιακός (simadiakós) σημαδούρα (simadoúra) ``` σημαία • (simaía) f (plural σημαίες) Noun flag banner standard Synonym λάβαρο • (lávaro) n (plural λάβαρα) Noun banner, standard flag from Latin labarum. labarum n (genitive labarī); second declension (military) labarum Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”). labarum (plural labara) The Roman military standard adopted by Constantine I. The banner was known for its Christian chi-rho sign - ☧. ``` ``` σημείο • (simeío) n (plural σημεία) Noun sign, mark spot, place (mathematics) point Inherited from Ancient Greek σημεῖον (sēmeîon). ``` ``` σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension Noun a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time ``` From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “mark, sign”) +‎ -ῐον (-ion). SUFFIX -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of"). -ιος • (-ios) m Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin: ‎Ευρώπη (Evrópi, “Europe”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎Ευρωπαίος (Evropaíos, “European”) (noun) ‎θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine”) (adjective) σημειόω • (sēmeióō) to mark, stamp to seal (e.g. letters) to signal (in middle) to take notice of, honor (in middle) to interpret as a sign or portent, infer as from a sign (in middle, medicine) to diagnose, examine (in middle) to note (for oneself) Conjugation From σημεῖον (sēmeîon) +‎ -όω (-causative verb) -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. σημείωσῐς • (sēmeíōsis) f (genitive σημειώσεως) Noun indication, notice inference from a sign (medicine) a remarking or observing of symptoms (medicine, later) an examination a visible sign or token, as a banner σημειόω (sēmeióō) +‎ -σῐς (-action, result, process noun) -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process

Answer 9

SEMANTIC - THIS MEANS THAT - SIGNIFICATION This means that. "A" means "B" σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) σημασία f (simasía, “meaning”) (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ― The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings. κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense. μεταφορική σημασία ― metaphorical/figurative sense. significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― unimportant, meaningless. ______________________________________ σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension ``` the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance. ``` _______________________________________ δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") σημαίνω (“to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (“important, meaningful”) ``` σημαίνω - (simple past) σήμανα - (passive) mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal ```

Answer 10

ICON Noun εικών icon (plural icons) A religious icon An image, symbol, picture, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion. (religion, especially Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels. A person or thing that is the best example of a certain profession or some doing. That man is an icon in the business; he personifies loyalty and good business sense. (computing) A small picture that represents something (such as an icon on a computer screen which when clicked performs some function.) (linguistics) A word, character, or sign whose form reflects and is determined by the referent; onomatopoeic words are necessarily all icons. See also symbol and index. ``` εἰκών • (eikṓn) f (genitive εἰκόνος); third declension Noun figure, image, likeness, portrait image in a mirror, reflection personal description similitude, semblance, phantom pattern, archetype. ``` Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *weyk- *weyk- ("to separate, to choose") ``` εἰκῇ • (eikêi) Adverb without cause without planning, heedlessly, rashly, haphazardly without purpose, for no reason vainly, to no avail slightly, moderately. From Proto-Indo-European *weyk-. ``` ``` Original Word: εἰκών, όνος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: eikón Phonetic Spelling: (i-kone') Definition: an image, statue, representation Usage: an image, likeness, bust. HELPS Word-studies 1504 eikṓn (from 1503 /eíkō, "be like") – properly, "mirror-like representation," referring to what is very close in resemblance (like a "high-definition" projection, as defined by the context). Image (1504 /eikṓn) then exactly reflects its source (what it directly corresponds to). For example, Christ is the very image (1504 /eikṓn, supreme expression) of the Godhead (see 2 Cor 4:4; Col 1:15). ``` "1504 (eikṓn) assumes a prototype, of which it not merely resembles, but from which it is drawn" (R. Trench). 1504 (eikṓn) then is more than a "shadow"; rather it is a replication (F. F. Bruce, Hebrews, 226; see also Lightfoot at Col 3:10 and 2:21). ``` Original Word: ἔοικα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eikó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-ko) Definition: be like Usage: I am like, resemble. ``` ``` Original Word: ἑορτάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: heortazo Phonetic Spelling: (heh-or-tad'-zo) Definition: to be like Usage: I take part in a festival, keep a feast (allegorically). ``` εικόνισμα • (eikónisma) n (plural εικονίσματα) Noun (religion) icon, religious painting") εικόνα • (eikóna) f (plural εικόνες) Noun picture, image, painting, illustration, portrait (religion) icon, religious painting. εικονίδιο • (eikonídio) n (plural εικονίδια) Noun (computing) icon. αγιογραφία • (agiografía) f (plural αγιογραφίες) Noun (religion) religious painting, icon (religion) hagiography. αγιο- (“holy”) +‎ γράφω (“to write or draw”) αγιολόγιο • (agiológio) f (plural αγιολόγια) Noun (religion) hagiology (a book about saints; such literature in general) αγιογράφος • (agiográfos) m (plural αγιογράφοι) Noun hagiographer painter of icons. αγιογράφηση • (agiográfisi) f (plural αγιογραφήσεις) Noun decoration of a church (the process of embellishment; especially with icons) ___________________________________ PREFIX αγιο- • (agio-) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected to saints: ‎αγιο- + ‎γράφω (“to write”) → ‎αγιογραφία (“hagiography”) ‎αγιο- + ‎-ποιώ (“to do, verbal ending”) → ‎αγιοποιώ (“to sanctify, to make a saint”) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected to churches and holiness: ‎αγιο- + ‎κλήμα (“vine”) → ‎αγιόκλημα (“honeysuckle”) ‎αγιο- + ‎-ότητα (“noun ending”) → ‎αγιότητα (“holiness”) ‎αγιο- + ‎πολίτης (“citizen”) → ‎αγιοπολίτης (“resident of Jerusalem”) _________________________________ SUFFIX -ποιώ • (-poió) n Suffix A verbal suffix indicating the production of an action or characteristic: -ise, -ify ‎Αγγλία (“England”) + ‎-ποιώ → ‎αγγλοποιώ (“to anglicise”) ‎άγιος (“saint”) + ‎-ποιώ → ‎αγιοποιώ (“to sanctify”) -ποίηση • (-poíisi) n Suffix -ization, -ing (suffix forming nouns denoting a process or its result) ‎ειδοποιώ (“notify”) + ‎-ποίηση → ‎ειδοποίηση (“notification”) ‎τέκνο (“offspring”) + ‎-ποίηση → ‎τεκνοποίηση (“bearing children”) ‎παγκόσμιος (“global”) + ‎-ποίηση → ‎παγκοσμιοποίηση (“globalisation”) From -ποιώ -ποιώ • (-poió) n A verbal suffix indicating the production of an action or characteristic: -ise, -ify ‎Αγγλία (“England”) + ‎-ποιώ (-to do, make) → ‎αγγλοποιώ (“to anglicise”) ‎άγιος (“saint”) + ‎-ποιώ (-to do, make) → ‎αγιοποιώ (“to sanctify”) From the Ancient Greek verb ποιῶ (poiô), ποιέω (poiéō, “to do, to make”).

Answer 11

SYMBOL σύμβολο • (sýmvolo) n (plural σύμβολα) symbol, character, glyph

Answer 12

SAID ἔπω - he said ῥέω - to flow, as in speaking a lot. λέω - talk, say, tell μιλώ - talk φημί - shine, bring to light, declare. φῶς φωτός φαίνω λέγω -lay down to sleep, put an argument to rest. λαλέω - chatter box. ἐρεῶ - say, speak, tell ``` ρητό Saying όπως λέει και το ρητό rare ópos léei kai to ritó as the saying goes ``` (talk): μιλώ (miló) (converse): συζητώ (syzitó), κουβεντιάζω (kouventiázo) (recite): απαγγέλω (apangélo) (sing): τραγουδώ (tragoudó) (imagine): φαντάζομαι (fantázomai), (Think) σκέφτομαι (skéftomai) (refer to): αναφέρομαι (anaféromai) (mean, say): εννοώ (ennoó) (remind of): θυμίζω (thymízo) (remember): θυμάμαι • (thymámai) (Remembered): θύμισα • (thýmisa) (be any good, be worth anything): αξίζω (axízo) (suggest, advise): προτείνω (proteíno) (name): ονομάζω (onomázo) (call): αποκαλώ (apokaló) (think): νομίζω (nomízo) ``` προτείνω (suggest, advise): τείνω • (teínō) to stretch, extend to spread to exert, push to the limit, strain ``` ``` ————————————— πες Say! Hey there! Verb πες • (pes) 2nd person singular perfective imperative form of λέω (léo).: "say!" ``` ————————————— DISCUSS - DEBATE - CONVERSE συζητώ συζητάω (“discuss, debate, talk over”) ``` Verb συζητώ • (syzitó) past συζήτησα passive συζητούμαι p‑past συζητήθηκα ppp συζητημένος) a more formal variant of συζητάω (syzitáo) ``` Verb συζητώ • (syzitó) (past συζήτησα, passive συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος) a more formal variant of συζητάω (syzitáo) Verb συζητάω • (syzitáo) / συζητώ (past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι/συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος) discuss, debate, talk over Noun συζήτηση • (syzítisi) f (plural συζητήσεις) dialogue (especially exchange of views) dialogue, conversation Noun συνομιλία • (synomilía) f (plural συνομιλίες) dialogue, exchange of views dialogue, conversation Participle συζητημένος • (syzitiménos) m (feminine συζητημένη, neuter συζητημένο) discussed, talked about Verb ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος) ask for, request seek, look for (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after ``` Verb ζητέω • (zētéō) to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish ``` Noun ζήτημα • (zítima) n matter, issue question, subject, issue ``` Noun ζήτησῐς • (zḗtēsis) f (genitive ζητήσεως); third declension the act of seeking, searching for a search inquiry, investigation question ``` Adjective ζητητῐκός • (zētētikós) m (feminine ζητητῐκή, neuter ζητητῐκόν); first/second declension disposed to searching, inquiry (in masculine, substantive, usually in the plural) Sceptic (in feminine, substantive) Sceptic philosophy Synonyms (look for): ψάχνω (psáchno) (look for): γυρεύω (gyrévo) (look for): ερευνώ (erevnó, “investigate”) Derived terms ζητούμενος (zitoúmenos, passive present participle) Compounds: αναζητάω (anazitáo, “to search for, to rummage”) αναζητώ (anazitó) to search, to look for αποζητάω (apozitáo, “seek out, go forth and search”) αποζητώ (apozitó) (“seek out, go forth and search”) K (epizitó) συζητάω (syzitáo, “to discuss, to debate”) συζητώ (syzitó) πολυσυζητάω (polysyzitáo) πολυσυζητώ (polysyzitó) ψωμοζητάω (psomozitáo) Related terms ζήτημα n (zítima) ζήτηση f (zítisi, “the demand”) ζητιάνος m (zitiános, “beggar”) Verb ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος) ask for, request Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό. Zítisa éna potíri neró. I asked for a glass of water. Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι’ αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας». Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi’ aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas». I am looking for a nice job, so I’ve posted an advertisement: “Requesting position as secretary”. Ζητώ συγχώρεση. Zitó synchóresi. I ask for forgiveness. seek, look for Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση. Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi. I’m looking for a used car in good condition. (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει. Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei. We’re selling lots of umbrellas. The are in demand whenever it rains. ``` Derived terms[edit] ἀζητητος (azētētos) ἀναζητέω (anazētéō) ἀναζήτησις (anazḗtēsis) ἀντιζητέω (antizētéō) διαζητέω (diazētéō) δυσζήτητος (duszḗtētos) ἐκζητέω (ekzētéō) ἐκζήτησις (ekzḗtēsis) ἐπιζητέω (epizētéō) ἐπιζήτησις (epizḗtēsis) ἐπιζητητέος (epizētētéos) ζηταρετησιάδης (zētaretēsiádēs) ζητεύω (zēteúō) ζήτημα (zḗtēma) ζητησιμος (zētēsimos) ζητήσιμος (zētḗsimos) ζήτησις (zḗtēsis) ζητητέος (zētētéos) ζητητής (zētētḗs) ζητητικός (zētētikós) ζητητός (zētētós) παραζητέω (parazētéō) προσαναζητέω (prosanazētéō) προσεπιζητέω (prosepizētéō) συζητέω (suzētéō) συζήτησις (suzḗtēsis) ``` ————————————————— MESSAGE - MESSENGER - ANGEL άγγελμα message, announcement, dispatch, annunciation, despatch διάγγελμα message παραγγελία order, warning, notice, message, errand, forecast Noun αγγελιοφόρος • (angeliofóros) m or f (plural αγγελιοφόροι) messenger, herald dispatch rider αγγελία (angelía, “message”) +‎ -φόρος (-fóros, “bearer”) -φόρος • (-fóros) m added to a noun to form a new noun for something or someone that, literally or figuratively, carries or bears that first noun: Noun αγγελία • (angelía) f (plural αγγελίες) announcement; advertisement (especially a small one) Η αγγελία δημοσιεύεται δύο φορές στο κατάλληλο τμήμα του «The Economist». I angelía dimosiévetai dýo forés sto katállilo tmíma tou «The Economist». The advertisement shall be inserted on two occasions in the appropriate section of The Economist. information message (Christianity) annunciation ``` Noun άγγελος • (ángelos) m (plural άγγελοι) angel φύλακας άγγελος ― fýlakas ángelos ― guardian angel άγγελέ μου ― ángelé mou ― my sweetheart (figuratively) a selfless person messenger, news bearer, envoy, herald. ``` ``` Noun ἄγγελος • (ángelos) m (genitive ᾰ̓γγέλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a messenger one that announces (later) angel, heavenly spirit ``` Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro) Noun 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro) messenger Probably a loanword, and probably related to ἄγγαρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”) whence Latin angarius Noun angarius m (genitive angariī or angarī); second declension courier, messenger which is probably from an East Asian language. Klein suggests Semitic, cf. 𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓𐡕‬𐡀‎ (’engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”) and ܐܓܪܬܐ‎ (ˀeggarṯā, “letter, document”) (from Akkadian, see etymology there); but it could also be from Pre-Greek. Compare also Sanskrit अजिरा (ajirā, “agile, swift”). Related terms αγγελάκι n (angeláki, “cherub”, diminutive) αγγελία f (angelía, “announcement, message”) αγγελιάζομαι (angeliázomai, “to receive an announcement”) αγγελική f (angelikí, “angelica”) αγγελικός (angelikós, “angelic”) αγγελιαφόρος m (angeliafóros, “messenger”), αγγελιοφόρος (angeliofóros) αγγέλλω (angéllo, “to announce”) άγγελμα n (ángelma, “message”) αγγελόμορφος (angelómorfos, “angelic”) αγγελοκρούω (angelokroúo, “reveive the knock, view the angel of death, frighten”) αγγελούδι n (angeloúdi, “little angel”, diminutive) αγγελτήριο n (angeltírio, “notice, wedding announcement”) αναγγελία f (anangelía, “notice”) επαγγελία f (epangelía, “promise”) Ευαγγελία f (Evangelía, “Evangelia”) καταγγελία f (katangelía, “complaint, denunciation”) προάγγελος f (proángelos, “harbinger, precursor”) From Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”). The Hellenistic sense angel was a semantic loan from the Hebrew מַלְאָךְ‎ (mal'ach) ("angel" or "messenger of God"). Noun מַלְאָךְ • (mal'ákh) m (plural indefinite מַלְאָכִים‎, singular construct מַלְאַךְ־, plural construct מַלְאֲכֵי־‎) angel (rare) messenger The only other word from this root in Hebrew is מְלָאכָה‎ (məlāḵā́, “commission, sending → particular occupation, work, business”) Noun מְלָאכָה • (məlāḵā́) f (plural indefinite מְלָאכוֹת‎, singular construct מְלֶאכֶת־‎, plural construct מְלָאכוֹת־‎) sending, commission occupation, business; work, labor; service handicrafts (Jewish law) Any activity forbidden on Shabbat and other holy days matter, stuff, thing Hebrew Etymology From מְלָאכָה‎ (m'lakhá) +‎ ־וּת‎ (-út) +‎ ־י‎ (-í). Adjective[edit] מְלָאכוּתִי • (m'lakhutí) (feminine מְלָאכוּתִית‎, masculine plural מְלָאכוּתִים‎ or מְלָאכוּתִיִּים‎, feminine plural מְלָאכוּתִיּוֹת‎) artificial; synthetic ``` Verb 𐎍𐎛𐎋 • (lỉk) (“to send”) Derived terms[edit] 𐎎𐎍𐎀𐎋 (mlảk, “messenger”) 𐎎𐎍𐎀𐎋𐎚 (mlảkt, “message; mission, embassy”) ``` Noun ἄγγᾰρος • (ángaros) m (genitive ἀγγᾰ́ρου); second declension Persian mounted courier, for carrying royal dispatches Maybe from Old Persian *𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎠 (*angarā, “missive, letter”) A reconstructed word which is from Aramaic *𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓‬𐡀‎ (*’engarā) form of *𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓‬𐡕𐡀‎ (*’engartā) variant of 𐡀𐡂𐡓‬𐡕𐡀‎ (’iggartā) 𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓𐡕‬ , a reconstructed word which is from Aramaic *𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓‬𐡀‎ (*’engarā) form of *𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓‬𐡕𐡀‎ (*’engartā) “missive, letter; contract” variant of 𐡀𐡂𐡓‬𐡕𐡀‎ (’iggartā) “missive, letter; contract” 𐡀𐡍‬𐡂𐡓𐡕‬𐡀 (“engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”) from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌅 (egirtu, “inscribed tablet; oracle of fate, ambiguous wording; contract, bound deal”) from 𒄃 (egēru, “to be difficult, to be twisted or locked together; to have a twisted tongue, to be unable to speak against an order”).. ————————————————— CALL ``` καλέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: kaleó Phonetic Spelling: (kal-eh'-o) Definition: to call Usage: (a) I call, summon, invite, (b) I call, name. ``` κληθήσῃ will be called V-FIP-2S ————————————————— DIALOGUE Noun διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension conversation, dialogue Verb διαλέγω • (dialégō) I choose, gather, pick (out), select. Noun διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension A conversation, a dialogue. Verb δῐᾰλέγομαι • (dialégomai) I converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue. (philosophy) I practise dialectic, elicit conclusions. (late) I lecture, discourse. I speak articulately, write in prose, use a dialect or language. (euphemistic, Attic) I have intercourse. I have dealings (with someone). Noun δῐᾰ́λεκτος • (diálektos) f (genitive δῐᾰλέκτου); second declension discourse, conversation manner of speech, language dialect, accent From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I discuss”) +‎ -τος (-adjective) from δῐᾰ́ (diá, “through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”). Adjective δῐᾰλεκτῐκός • (dialektikós) m (feminine δῐᾰλεκτῐκή, neuter δῐᾰλεκτῐκόν); first/second declension (Attic, Koine) (rare) Conversational Skilled in dialectic Dialectical From διαλέγομαι (“to have a conversation”) +‎ -τῐκός (verbal adjective) Verb επιλέγω from ἐπι- (“on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (“to choose, to say”) επιλέγω • (epilégo) (past επέλεξα, passive επιλέγομαι) (transitive, intransitive) choose, select, pick (decide upon from a set of options) Επέλεξε το πράσινο φόρεμα να φορέσει. Epélexe to prásino fórema na forései. She chose the green dress to wear. Έχεις επιλέξει ακόμα; Écheis epiléxei akóma? Have you chosen yet? (intransitive, rare) conclude (to say in conclusion) Επιλέγοντας, είπε ότι λυπόταν για ό,τι έκανε. Epilégontas, eípe óti lypótan gia ó,ti ékane. Concluding, he said he was sorry for what he did. (different sense for the present participle) επιλεγόμενος: eponymous Verb διαλέγομαι • (dialégomai) passive (past διαλέχτηκα, active διαλέγω) be chosen, be selected αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”) διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”) διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”) διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”) διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”) επίλεκτος (epílektos, “picked, handpicked”) επιλέξιμος (epiléximos, “eligible, selectable”) επιλογέας m (epilogéas, “selector, selector dial”) επιλογή f (epilogí, “choice, selection”) επίλογος m (epílogos, “epilogue”) (choose, select): διαλέγω (dialégo) (conclude): τελειώνω (teleióno), συμπληρώνω (sympliróno) ————————————— SAY - SPEAK - COMMAND - FLOW - TALK - CHATTER - TELL ``` (Purpose of speech) Tell a story to impart wisdom. Tell a story to entertain. Recount an experience. Give 1st person witness testimony as evidence. This is what I saw. Communicate a grievance. Petition for a gift, favor, grant or bequest. Persuade. Guide - Give directions or instructions, help. Trick, deceive, misguide. Warning / Use caution or beware. Warning / Do not trespass. Do not come closer or else. Teach a subject. Explain a subject. Give a command Ask a question. Ask for help, pray, petition for instructions. Reply with an answer to a question. Request a favor. Request to receive a thing. Convey wisdom. ``` ———————————- ``` ἐρεῶ Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereó Phonetic Spelling: (er-eh'-o) Definition: call, say, speak of, tell Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. ``` Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say -- call, say, speak (of), tell. —————————————— ἔπω Verb (“he said”) Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) -- answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego. see GREEK ereo see GREEK rheo see GREEK phemi see GREEK lego ——————————— ῥέω Phonetic Spelling: (hreh'-o) Definition: command, make, say, speak of From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). Cognates include Sanskrit स्रवति (srávati), Old Church Slavonic строуꙗ (struja, “stream”). ``` ῥέω • (rhéō) Verb I flow, stream, run, gush (figuratively) I fall off, drop off (of molten objects) I liquefy, run I am in perpetual flux (of persons) I am inclined to, given to I leak I have a flux (diarrhea-causing disease) (impersonal) (transitive, rare) I let flow, pour (transitive, with cognate accusative) I let run ``` ——————————— ``` λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. HELPS Word-studies 3004 légō (originally, "lay down to sleep," used later of "laying an argument to rest," i.e. bringing a message to closure; see Curtius, Thayer) – properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, "laying it to rest"). ``` —————————————— ``` φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. ``` 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany"). ``` λαλέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: laleó Phonetic Spelling: (lal-eh'-o) Definition: to talk To Chatter, chatter box Usage: (I talk, chatter in classical Greek, but in NT a more dignified word) I speak, say. ``` ————————————————— λέω λέω • (léo) (simple past είπα, passive λέγομαι) Verb (most senses) say, tell Tο παιδί είπε την πρώτη του λέξη.― The child said his first word. Ο διευθυντής μου είπε ότι πρέπει να τελειώνουμε.― The director told me that we should finish. (transitive) discuss, converse Τα λένε μεταξύ τους.― They are discussing. Καιρό έχουμε να τα πούμε.― It's been a while since we talked. recite, tell, recount, sing (a poem, song, etc) Το παιδάκι είπε ένα τραγούδι.― The child sang a song. Να τα πούμε; ― Shall we sing them? (phrase used by Greek children carolling door to door around the New Year) (often in imperative) suppose, imagine (a hypothetical scenario) Λέμε τώρα, αν γινόταν πόλεμος.― We're supposing now, if there were a war. Πες πώς κάτι γινόταν. Τι θα έκανες; ―Let's say something happened. What would you do? (intransitive, often with για) refer to, talk about Λες για τον φίλο σου τώρα; ― Are you talking about your friend now? (transitive) mean, say (to clarify etc) Θέλω να πω ότι δεν είναι τόσο απλά τα πράγματα. ― Thélo na po óti den eínai tóso aplá ta prágmata. ― I mean that things aren't that simple. Τι θα πει, «ξέχασα τις ασκήσεις μου»; ― Ti tha pei, «xéchasa tis askíseis mou»? ― What do you mean, "I forgot my homework"? (intransitive, figuratively) remind of, mean something to Αυτό το όνομα δε μου λέει τίποτα. ― Aftó to ónoma de mou léei típota. ― That name means nothing to me. (intransitive, figuratively) be any good, be worth anything Λέει τίποτα αυτό το κομπιούτερ; ― Léei típota aftó to kompioúter? ― Is this computer any good? (intransitive) suggest, advise Λέω να πάμε μια βόλτα. ― Léo na páme mia vólta. ― I say that we should go for a walk. (transitive) call (name someone or something) Με λένε Γιώργο. ― Me léne Giórgo. ― I am called Giorgos. Τον είπα βλάκα. ― Ton eípa vláka. ― I called him a fool. used with δεν, indicates something is slow to come: Αυτή η μέρα δεν λέει να τελειώσει. ― Aftí i méra den léei na teleiósei. ― This day doesn't want to end. (intransitive, often with να) think (something will happen) Λες να μας προδώσει; ― Les na mas prodósei? ― Do you think he'll betray us? (transitive, colloquial) read, explain (fortell using cards etc.) πούμε • (poúme) 1st person plural dependent form of λέω (léo) Derived terms πρωτολέω (protoléo, “say for the first time”) and see Derivatives of λέγω Expressions: εγώ τα λέω, εγώ τα ακούω (egó ta léo, egó ta akoúo, “I might as well be talking to the wall”, literally “I say it, I hear it”) (για) να λέμε και του στραβού το δίκιο ((gia) na léme kai tou stravoú to díkio, “speaking honestly”) εδώ που τα λέμε (edó pou ta léme) (beginning of a phrase showing admission or confession) είπε ο γάιδαρος τον πετεινό κεφάλα (eípe o gáidaros ton peteinó kefála, “the pot calling the kettle black”, literally “The donkey called the rooster 'big head'”) εμένα μου λες; (eména mou les?, “you're telling me!”) (expressing disbelief, doubt) έχουμε και λέμε (échoume kai léme) θέλω να πω (thélo na po, “I mean”) και θα πεις κι ένα τραγούδι (kai tha peis ki éna tragoúdi, “you will do it anyway”) κάτι μας είπες (τώρα)! (káti mas eípes (tóra)!) (on being told a well-known fact) λεγόμενος (legómenos, “so-called”) λες και (les kai, “as if”, literally “say and”) λέω τα σύκα σύκα και τη σκάφη σκάφη (léo ta sýka sýka kai ti skáfi skáfi, “(lit: calling figs figs, and a trough a trough) call a spade a spade”) σου 'πα, μου 'πες (sou 'pa, mou 'pes, “this and that”) (evasive) τα λέμε (ta léme, “see you, bye”, literally “We say them”) τα λέω στον τοίχο (ta léo ston toícho, “I might as well be talking to the wall”) —————————————————- μιλώ μιλώ • (miló) μίλησα - simple past μιλιέμαι - passive (most senses) speak, talk Ας μιλάμε στον ενικό! ― Let's talk in the singular! Μιλάτε αγγλικά; ― Do you speak English? μιλιούνται To be on speaking terms, talking to one another. (intransitive, in passive) be on speaking terms, have friendly relations. Για κάποιο λόγο, δε μιλιούνται μεταξύ τους. ― For some reason, they don't have friendly relations. —————————————— ``` φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. HELPS Word-studies 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany"). ``` ———————————————— φῶς ``` φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ. ``` cont. of phaos (light, daylight); from the same as phainó φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind. Reason, mind; the power of understanding especially moral and spiritual truth Open to view for all to see. Public. φαίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phainó Phonetic Spelling: (fah'-ee-no) Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as. φῶτα φῶτα (phōta) — 1 Occurrence Acts 16:29 N-ANP GRK: αἰτήσας δὲ φῶτα εἰσεπήδησεν καὶ NAS: And he called for lights and rushed KJV: he called for a light, and sprang in, INT: Having asked for moreover lights he rushed in and φώτων φώτων (phōtōn) — 1 Occurrence James 1:17 N-GNP GRK: πατρὸς τῶν φώτων παρ' ᾧ NAS: from the Father of lights, with whom KJV: from the Father of lights, with whom INT: Father of lights with whom ``` φωτὸς φωτὸς (phōtos) — 14 Occurrences Luke 16:8 N-GNS GRK: υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς εἰς τὴν NAS: than the sons of light. KJV: than the children of light. INT: sons of the light in the John 1:7 N-GNS GRK: περὶ τοῦ φωτός ἵνα πάντες NAS: about the Light, so KJV: bear witness of the Light, that all INT: concerning the light that all ``` ———————————————————- Verb λέω • (léo) (past είπα, passive λέγομαι) (most senses) say, tell Verb λένε • (léne) 3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: "they say" Verb λεν • (len) 3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: "they say" Verb λέγουν • (légoun) 3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: "they say" Verb λέγουνε • (légoune) 3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: "they say" From Ancient Greek λέγω (“say”) ``` Verb λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` ———————————————————- Phrase με λένε … • (me léne …) they call me … (literal translation) my name is … Synonyms[edit] το όνομά μου είναι … (to ónomá mou eínai …, “my name is …”) ————————————————— VOICE see: φωνή n (foní, “sound, voice”) φωνή • (foní) f (plural φωνές) voice, sound (music) voice, note (grammar, linguistics) voice ενεργητική φωνή ― energitikí foní ― active voice παθητική φωνή ― pathitikí foní ― passive voice μέση φωνή ― mési foní ― middle voice μεσοπαθητική φωνή ― mesopathitikí foní ― mediopassive voice ``` Noun φωνή • (phōnḗ) f (genitive φωνῆς); first declension sound Usually of the human voice: voice, cry, yell The voice or cry of animals Any articulate sound (especially vowels) speech, discourse language ``` from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoh₂-néh₂, from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”) whence φημί (phēmí, “to say, speak”) φωνητικός • (fonitikós) m (feminine φωνητική, neuter φωνητικό) Adjective vocal (pertaining to the voice or speech; uttered or modulated by the voice) φωνητικές χορδές, φωνητική μουσική fonitikés chordés, fonitikí mousikí vocal cords, vocal music phonetic From Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós) from φωνητoς (phōnētos, “to be spoken”) from φωνέω (phōnéō, “I speak, produce a sound”) + -τικός (-tikós). Noun φωνητική • (fonitikí) f (uncountable) (linguistics) phonetics ``` Verb φημί • (phēmí) I speak, say. I think (of an author) I write (φησί (phēsí) or ἔφη (éphē) used when quoting, sometimes after another verb of saying) I say yes, agree, affirm, assert (with οὐ (ou)) I say no, deny, refuse (φημί (phēmí) or οὕτως φημί (hoútōs phēmí) as interjection) yes, I would say so ``` Verb ἔφη • (éphē) third-person singular imperfect indicative active of φημί (phēmí) Synonyms λέγω (légō, “say, speak”)[2][3] ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in the assembly”)[2][3] ἀδολεσχέω (adoleskhéō, “to talk idly, prate”)[2][3] δημηγορέω (dēmēgoréō, “to speak in the assembly; to make popular speeches”)[2] διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.”)[3] λαλέω (laléō, “to talk, chat, prattle”)[2][3] ληρέω (lēréō, “to speak foolishly”)[2] μυθέομαι (muthéomai, “say, tell”)[2] ὑθλέω (huthléō, “talk nonsense, trifle, prate”)[2] φάσκω (pháskō, “to declare, state, affirm”)[2][3] φλυαρέω (phluaréō, “to talk nonsense”)[2][3] φράζω (phrázō, “to make known, point out, intimate, show; to tell, declare; to explain, interpret; to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order”)[ ———————————————- PHRAZE Verb φρᾰ́ζω • (phrázō) to make known, point out, intimate, show to tell, declare to explain, interpret to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order (middle) to think, consider, ponder, muse (middle) to devise, plan, design, intend (middle) to think, suppose, believe, imagine that (middle) to remark, perceive, notice (middle) to come to know, learn, become acquainted with, see, understand (middle) to observe, watch, guard (middle) to mind, heed, take care, beware of ``` Derived terms φρᾰ́σις (phrásis) φρᾰστέον (phrastéon) φρᾰστήρ (phrastḗr) φρᾰ́στης (phrástēs) φρᾰστῐκός (phrastikós) φρᾰ́στωρ (phrástōr) Θεόφραστος (Theóphrastos) Related terms[edit] φρᾰδή (phradḗ) φρᾰδής (phradḗs) ``` Might be related to φρήν (phrḗn, “wits, will”). Noun φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension (often in the plural) The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger The seat of intellect, wits, mind will, purpose From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”) ———————————————————- λέγω (légō, “say, speak”) ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in the assembly”) ἀδολεσχέω (adoleskhéō, “to talk idly, prate”) δημηγορέω (dēmēgoréō, “to speak in the assembly; to make popular speeches”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.”) λαλέω (laléō, “to talk, chat, prattle”) ληρέω (lēréō, “to speak foolishly”) μυθέομαι (muthéomai, “say, tell”) ὑθλέω (huthléō, “talk nonsense, trifle, prate”) φάσκω (pháskō, “to declare, state, affirm”) φλυαρέω (phluaréō, “to talk nonsense”) φράζω (phrázō, “to make known, point out, intimate, show; to tell, declare; to explain, interpret; to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order” ``` ἀντίφημι (antíphēmi) ἀπόφημι (apóphēmi) ἔκφημι (ékphēmi) κατάφημι (katáphēmi) μετάφημι (metáphēmi) παράφημι (paráphēmi) πρόσφημι (prósphēmi) σύμφημι (súmphēmi) φάσις (phásis) ``` φάτις (phátis, “rumour, news, speech”) φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”) ————————————————— ``` ἔπω ῥέω λέω μιλώ φαίνω ἐρεῶ πες φημί ἔφη ``` ``` λέω λένε Λες Λέμε λέξη λέγομαι ``` φημί ἔφη φῶς φωτός φαίνω ``` ἐρεῶ συζητώ απαγγέλω αναφέρομαι εννοώ θυμίζω αποκαλώ ονομάζω ``` say λένε says λέει saying ρητό say something πες κάτι clear sā λένε —————————————————- μιλάω • (miláo) / μιλώ (imperfect μιλούσα/μίλαγα, past μίλησα, passive μιλιέμαι, p‑past μιλήθηκα, ppp μιλημένος) (most senses) speak, talk Ας μιλάμε στον ενικό! As miláme ston enikó! Let's talk in the singular! Μιλάτε αγγλικά; Miláte angliká? Do you speak English? (intransitive, in passive) have friendly relations, be on speaking terms Για κάποιο λόγο, δε μιλιούνται μεταξύ τους. Gia kápoio lógo, de milioúntai metaxý tous. For some reason, they don't have friendly relations. Derived terms Μιλάτε αγγλικά; (Miláte angliká?, “Do you speak English?”)† Μιλάς αγγλικά; (Milás angliká?, “Do you speak English?”)† Μιλάτε πιο σιγά, παρακαλώ. (Miláte pio sigá, parakaló., “Please speak more slowly.”) Compounds of the verb -and see their derivatives- αγριομιλάω (agriomiláo), αγριομιλώ (agriomiló, “I speak harshly”) αντιμιλάω (antimiláo), αντιμιλώ γλυκομιλάω (glykomiláo, “I speak sweetly”), γλυκομιλώ κακομιλάω (kakomiláo, “I speak abrupty, harshly”), κακομιλώ καλομιλάω (kalomiláo, “I speak kindly”), καλομιλώ κρυφομιλάω (kryfomiláo, “I speak secretly”), κρυφομιλώ ξαναμιλάω (xanamiláo, “I speak again”), ξαναμιλώ παραμιλάω (paramiláo), παραμιλώ πολυμιλάω (polymiláo, “I speak too much”), πολυμιλώ πρωτομιλάω (protomiláo, “I speak for the first time”), πρωτομιλώ Related terms ακριβομίλητος (akrivomílitos, “speaking rarely”) αμίλητος (amílitos, “silent”) αντιμίλημα n (antimílima, “contradiction, answer back”) αντιμιλώ (antimiló, “to contradict”) λιγομίλητος (ligomílitos) μίλημα n (mílima, “advice, instruction”) μιλημένος (miliménos, participle) μιλητός (militós, “hateful”, adjective) μιλιά f (miliá) and see: ομιλώ (omiló) for words with ομιλ- Verb ὁμιλῶ • (homilô) to be with someone, to keep someone company. (Byzantine) to talk, to converse. —————————————————- φημί from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”). Verb *bʰéh₂ti (imperfective) to speak, to be talking Proto-Indo-European Root[edit] *bʰeh₂- (imperfective) to shine, glow light Cognates: Ancient Greek: φαῦος (phaûos), φάος (pháos) ``` φάος • (pháos) n (genitive φᾰ́εος); third declension light, especially daylight the light of a torch, fire, a light of the light or time of day (poetic) the life of men a day the light of the eyes a window (figuratively or poetic) delight, deliverance, happiness, victory, glory, etc. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”). Compare φαεινός (phaeinós), φάω (pháō), and φαίνω (phaínō). Cognates include Latin iubar (“radiance, light”); Sanskrit भास् (bhās, “light, brilliance”) and भास (bhāsa, “luster, light”) and Old English basu (“purple”). ``` Noun iubar n (genitive iubaris); third declension radiance of celestial bodies, light, splendor, sunshine (figuratively) a splendid appearance, glory, splendor ``` From Proto-Indo-European *dyew-bʰeh₂-es- (“bringing the light of daytime”, literally “sky-shining”) from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) whence Latin diēs (“day”) and *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”) whence Ancient Greek φάος (pháos, “light”) ``` Verb φημί • (phēmí) I speak, say. I think (of an author) I write (φησί (phēsí) or ἔφη (éphē) used when quoting, sometimes after another verb of saying) I say yes, agree, affirm, assert (with οὐ (ou)) I say no, deny, refuse (φημί (phēmí) or οὕτως φημί (hoútōs phēmí) as interjection) yes, I would say so ``` Verb ἔφη • (éphē) third-person singular imperfect indicative active of φημί (phēmí) (“He is saying”) λέγω (légō, “say, speak”) ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in the assembly”) ἀδολεσχέω (adoleskhéō, “to talk idly, prate”) δημηγορέω (dēmēgoréō, “to speak in the assembly; to make popular speeches”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.”) λαλέω (laléō, “to talk, chat, prattle”) ληρέω (lēréō, “to speak foolishly”) μυθέομαι (muthéomai, “say, tell”) ὑθλέω (huthléō, “talk nonsense, trifle, prate”) φάσκω (pháskō, “to declare, state, affirm”) φλυαρέω (phluaréō, “to talk nonsense”) φράζω (phrázō, “to make known, point out, intimate, show; to tell, declare; to explain, interpret; to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order”) φάτις (phátis, “rumour, news, speech”) φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”) Verb μετάφημι • (metáphēmi) (Epic) to speak among or to

Answer 13

SIGILLI - SEAL σφραγίδα • (sfragída) f (plural σφραγίδες) stamp (indentation or imprint made by stamping) sigil sigil (plural sigils) Noun A seal, signature or signet. An occult or magical sign, image or symbol. (programming) A nonalphanumeric character affixed to a symbol (e.g. variable) to indicate a property such as type or scope. ``` sigil m (plural sigils) secrecy ``` Borrowed from Latin sigillum. Doublet of segell. sigillum (plural sigilla) (law, historical) A seal. From signum (“sign”) +‎ -ulum (diminutive suffix) sigillum n (genitive sigillī); second declension figurine, statuette seal sīgnum n (genitive sīgnī); second declension a sign, mark, emblem a miracle a statue (Medieval Latin) a signum (medieval tower bell used particularly for ringing the 8 canonical hours) (Medieval Latin) the cross of Jesus Christ & Christianity. From in- (“within”) +‎ signum (“a sign, an emblem”) +‎ -is (suffix forming an adjective); so formed because the subject qualified by this adjective has been revealed, specifically by means of a sign, to be exceptional relative to ordinary examples of its kind. īnsīgnis (neuter īnsīgne, comparative īnsīgnior, superlative īnsīgnissimus, adverb īnsigniter); third-declension two-termination adjective 1. Fundamentally, differentiated from that which is ordinary: exceptional, extraordinary, notable, outstanding, remarkable, striking. 2. Known and esteemed: celebrated, distinguished, famous, noted, renowned īnsigne (“a distinctive mark”, noun) īnsigniō (“to mark”, verb) īnsigniter (“remarkably”, adverb) Synonyms: conspicuus, distinctus, famosus, secretus From Latin īnsignis (“remarkable”) of an exalted social class or rank: aristocratic, "highborn", noble. From Proto-Italic *seknom from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”). sīgnifex m (genitive sīgnificis); third declension an image-maker, carver, statuary ``` sīgnificō (present infinitive sīgnificāre, perfect active sīgnificāvī, supine sīgnificātum); first conjugation I show, express, signify, point out I portend, prognosticate I call, name I mean, import ``` sīgnificātiō f (genitive sīgnificātiōnis); third declension signal, sign, mark, token applause meaning, import From significō +‎ -tiō (result noun) ————————————— SUFFIX ``` -fex (“suffix representing a maker or producer”). From sign(i) (“mark, sign”) +‎ -fex (“suffix representing a maker or producer”). ``` -tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension -tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to a verb (usually a participle form) to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”) quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”) gradātiō (“making of a staircase or steps”), from gradus (“step, pace”). -tus (feminine -ta, neuter -tum); first/second-declension suffix Forms the past participle of verbs. Forms adjectives having the sense "provided with". iūs (“law, legality; equity, the right, justice”) → iūstus (“lawful, legal; equitable, rightful, just”) onus (“a burden or load, especially one excessive in magnitude”) → onustus (“burdened”, “heavily laden”, “overencumbered by a load”) from Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives). āctus (feminine ācta, neuter āctum); first/second-declension participle made, done, having been done. From agō (“do, make, drive”) +‎ -tus (“suffix forming fourth declension action nouns from verbs”).

Answer 14

CHARACTER ``` χαρακτήρας • (charaktíras) m (plural χαρακτήρες) Noun character (the qualities which identify a person) (psychology) character (a person's behaviours which identify them) (typography) character, letter, symbol. ``` χαρακτήρες m pl (“characters”) χᾰρᾰ́σσω • (kharássō) to sharpen to engrave, carve, write, draw, stamp χάραξ • (khárax) m or f (genitive χάρᾰκος); third declension pointed stake pole, vine prop Synonym: κάμαξ (kámax) pale used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp palisade Synonym: σκόλοψ (skólops) cutting, slip a kind of bream of the genus Sargus name of a bandage ``` Noun χᾰ́ρᾰγμᾰ • (kháragma) n (genitive χᾰρᾰ́γμᾰτος); third declension any engraved, imprinted or branded mark stamped money, coin (figuratively) mark, stamp, character endorsement ``` From χᾰρᾰ́σσω (“to stamp, engrave, carve”) +‎ -μα (result, instance or object of an action). -μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action. ``` Noun χᾰρᾰκτήρ • (kharaktḗr) m (genitive χᾰρᾰκτῆρος); third declension instrument used for engraving person who engraves, engraver impress, stamp, seal reproduction, representation figure, letter, character characteristic, character style ``` From χαράσσω (“I scratch, engrave”) +‎ -τήρ (agent noun suffix).

Answer 15

GET - I GET IT - RECEIVE - SEIZE - TAKE - COMPREHEND λᾰβέ • (labé) second-person singular aorist active imperative of λᾰμβᾰ́νω (lambánō) λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι) get, receive take (figuratively) understand, get λαβαίνω • (lavaíno) έλαβα - past tense Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno) ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize (of a god) I possess (of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand (logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure I check myself ``` λάφυρα • (láfyra) n Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of λάφυρο. λάφυρο • (láfyro) n (plural λάφυρα) item of loot or plunder. (in the plural) spoils, spoils of war. ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) past κατέλαβα passive καταλαμβάνομαι seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly) ``` Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning, this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —) understand, realise ——————————- ``` Derived terms ἀκανθολᾰ́βος (akantholábos) ἄληπτος (álēptos) ἀμφῐλαμβᾰ́νω (amphilambánō) ἐργόλᾰβος (ergólabos) εὐλᾰβής (eulabḗs) κᾰτᾰλαμβᾰ́νω (katalambánō) μεσόλᾰβος (mesólabos) μετᾰλαμβᾰ́νω (metalambánō) μολὼν λαβέ (molṑn labé) ``` ``` Derived terms ἀντικαταλαμβάνω (antikatalambánō) ἀποκαταλαμβάνω (apokatalambánō) ἐγκαταλαμβάνω (enkatalambánō) καταλαβή (katalabḗ) καταληπτέος (katalēptéos) καταληπτήρ (katalēptḗr) κατάληψις (katálēpsis) περικαταλαμβάνω (perikatalambánō) προκαταλαμβάνω (prokatalambánō) ``` ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”) αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”) απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”) καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”) λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”)_ ——————————— SYNONYM παίρνω from Ancient Greek ἐπαίρω (epaírō, “to lift up, to rouse”) Verb παίρνω • (paírno) (past πήρα, passive παίρνομαι) take, get, move Παίρνω λαχανικά από το σουπερμάρκετ.― I get vegetables from the supermarket. Παίρνω τρεις εβδομάδες άδεια το χρόνο.― I take three weeks leave a year. Ο πατέρας μου παίρνει πέντε χάπια κάθε μέρα.― My father takes five pills every day. Παίρνει το σκουπίδι από το πάτωμα.― He picks up the rubbish from the floor. Η κυβέρνηση θα πάρει πιο τολμηρά μέτρα.― The government will take bolder measures. gain Παίρνω 1 κιλό το μήνα.― I put on 1 kilo a month. ——————————————— λᾰ́φῡρᾰ • (láphūra) n pl (genitive λᾰφῡ́ρων); second declension spoils taken in war, pillage, booty Synonym: σκῦλα (skûla) σκῦλα • (skûla) n pl (genitive σκῡ́λων); second declension (plural only) spoils, weapons stripped off a slain enemy booty, plunder, prey. from the same root of σκύλλω (skúllō, “to lacerate”).

Answer 16

UNDERSTAND κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words. Phrase δεν καταλαβαίνω • (den katalavaíno) I don't understand. λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι) get, receive take (figuratively) understand, get ανακαταλαμβάνω • (anakatalamváno) (past ανακατέλαβα, passive ανακαταλαμβάνομαι) (military) recapture, retake αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (past αντιλήφθηκα) realise, understand, see through anakatalamváno, “to recapture”) αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”) απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”) καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”) λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”) μολὼν λαβέ Jump to navigationJump to search Ancient Greek Greek Wikipedia has an article on: μολών λαβέ English Wikipedia has an article on: Molon labe Pronunciation IPA(key): /mo.lɔ̀ːn la.bé/ → /moˈlon laˈβe/ → /moˈlon laˈve/ Phrase[edit] μολὼν λαβέ • (molṑn labé) "come and take [them]" (in response to the Persian army’s demand that the Spartans surrender their weapons at the Battle of Thermopylae).

Answer 17

MODELS / (Business Model) ————————————————— MODEL μοντέλο • (montélo) n (plural μοντέλα) (design) model (mock-up of an intended object) (art) model (for artist, sculptor, etc) (manufacturing) model (version of a product) (fashion) model, manikin, mannequin Synonym: μοντέλο (montélo) (figuratively) puppet, stooge ————————————————— MOLD Noun καλούπι • (kaloúpi) n mould (UK), mold (US) (anything in/around which something is formed/shaped) (construction) shuttering, formwork Verb καλουπώνω • (kaloupóno) (past καλούπωσα, passive καλουπώνομαι) (construction) construct formwork or shuttering cast (concrete etc) ``` Synonym: μήτρα Noun μήτρα • (mítra) f (plural μήτρες) (anatomy) womb (mathematics) matrix mold (anything around or on which something is formed or shaped) ``` see: μητέρα f (mitéra, “mother”) ``` Noun μήτρᾱ • (mḗtrā) f (genitive μήτρᾱς); first declension womb paunch, rumen (figuratively) source, origin the pith or heart of wood a queen wasp ``` Synonyms (mould): καλούπι n (kaloúpi) see: μητέρα f (mitéra, “mother”) Noun μήτηρ • (mḗtēr) f (genitive μητέρος or μητρός); third declension mother source or origin ————————————————— ITALIAN - MODEL ``` modello m (plural modelli, feminine modella) model mould, mold pattern (fashion) (male) model blueprint mockup template ``` modello (plural modellos or modelli) A preparatory sketch or study for a painting or other artwork. ————————————————- IMITATION - REPLICA - FORGERY - FAKE μιμούμαι Imitate μίμηση Imitate απομίμηση • (apomímisi) f (plural απομιμήσεις) NOUN fake, forgery imitation, replica απομιμούμαι (apomimoúmai, “to simulate, to fake”) απομιμούμαι • (apomimoúmai) deponent (past απομιμήθηκα) Verb To simulate, imitate (with precision) forge, fake ———————————————— SKETCH / DRAWING σκίτσο • (skítso) n (plural σκίτσα) sketch, cartoon σχέδιο • (schédio) n (plural σχέδια) NOUN design, plan, drawing, pattern (representation of something on paper, etc) draft (early version) design, planning (action or taught subject) plan (for future activities) ``` σχεδίαση f (“the drawing itself”) σχεδιάγραμμα n (“a drawing”) εκτός σχεδίου (“outside of the urban planning area”, adj) σχεδιαστής m (“draughtsman, designer”) σχεδιάστρια f (“draughtswoman, designer”) σχεδιαστήριο n (“drawing board”) σχεδιάζω (“to draw, design”) σχεδιάζομαι (“to be drawn, designed”) ``` σχεδιαστής • (schediastís) m (plural σχεδιαστές, feminine σχεδιάστρια) Noun - masculine designer, drawer, draughtsman σχεδιάστρια • (schediástria) f (plural σχεδιάστριες, masculine σχεδιαστής) Noun - feminine designer, drawer, draughtswoman σχεδιάζω • (schediázo) (past σχεδίασα) Verb draw, design, plan σχεδιαστήριο • (schediastírio) n (plural σχεδιαστήρια) Noun drawing board, drafting table drawing office ζωγραφίζω • (zografízo) (past ζωγράφισα, passive ζωγραφίζομαι) Verb (art) draw, paint (figuratively) perform a task with virtuosity (figuratively) recount, describe Ζωγράφισε μια ζοφερή εικόνα της κατάστασης. ― He painted a grim picture of the situation. ————————————————- ``` δείχνω • (deíchno) (past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai) ``` ————————————————- WRITE γράφω • (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι) write, pen record issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc) αντιγράφω • (antigráfo) (past αντέγραψα, passive αντιγράφομαι) copy, copy out, reproduce a document cheat (in examinations) (figuratively) copy, mimic αντιγράφω (antigráfo, “to copy, to cheat”) εγγράφω (engráfo, “enrol, register”) επιγράφω (epigráfo, “inscribe, entitle”) σκηνογραφώ (skinografó, “direct film or play”) συγγράφω (syngráfo, “to write (a book, etc), to author”) υπογράφω (ypográfo, “to sign”) ξεγράφω (xegráfo, “strike out”) ——————————————- PREFIX ξε- With ξε- (“un-”) +‎ -γράφω (“write”). ξεγράφω • (xegráfo) (past ξέγραψα, passive ξεγράφομαι) Verb strike out, erase, rub out (remove from being written) Δεν θα λάβει μέρος. Τον ξέγραψα από τον κατάλογο των διαγωνιζομένων. He will not participate. I erased him (his name) from the list of contestants. (figuratively) write off, scrub from memory, no longer count as, no longer consider Πήγε μετανάστης στην Αμερική και δεν ξαναγύρισε. Τον ξεγράψαμε. He went as an immigrant to America and never came back. We've written him off. Φέρθηκε απαίσια. Τον έχω ξεγράψει από φίλο.― He behaved terribly. I no longer count him as a friend. (figuratively, of health) lose every hope, give up on Οι γιατροί τον έχουν ξεγράψει. ― Doctors have given him up for dead. ἐκγρᾰ́φω (ekgráphō, “copy”).

Answer 18

SCHEME - DESIGN - PLAN - DRAWING - BLUEPRINT - DRAFT Schematic Drawing Noun σχέδιο • (schédio) n (plural σχέδια) design, plan, drawing, pattern (representation of something on paper, etc) draft (early version) design, planning (action or taught subject) plan (for future activities) Verb σχεδιάζω • (schediázo) (past σχεδίασα, passive σχεδιάζομαι, p‑past σχεδιάστηκα, ppp σχεδιασμένος) draw, design, plan Noun σχεδιαστήριο • (schediastírio) n (plural σχεδιαστήρια) drawing board, drafting table drawing office Noun σχεδιαστής • (schediastís) m (plural σχεδιαστές, feminine σχεδιάστρια) designer, drawer, draughtsman Noun σχεδιάστρια • (schediástria) f (plural σχεδιάστριες, masculine σχεδιαστής) designer, drawer, draughtswoman Noun αντισχέδιο • (antischédio) n (plural αντισχέδια) counterplan Antonym: σχέδιο (schédio) Noun σχεδῐ́ᾰσμᾰ • (skhedíasma) n (genitive σχεδῐᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension freak, whim, caprice caprice (plural caprices) An impulsive, seemingly unmotivated action, change of mind, or notion; a whim. An unpredictable or sudden condition, change, or series of changes. A disposition to be impulsive. from caporiccio (“fright, sudden start”): capo (“head”), from Latin caput + riccio (“curly”) Noun caprice m (plural caprices) whim; wish tantrum English design. Learnedly, from Ancient Greek σχεδιάζω (“do a thing offhand”) from σχέδιον (skhédion) neuter of σχέδιος (skhédios, “casual, offhand”). Synonyms σχεδίαση f (schedíasi, “drawing”) σχεδιάγραμμα n (schediágramma, “drawing”) Related terms[edit] εκτός σχεδίου (ektós schedíou, “outside of the urban planning area”, adj) σχεδιαστής m (schediastís, “draughtsman, designer”) σχεδιάστρια f (schediástria, “draughtswoman, designer”) σχεδιαστήριο n (schediastírio, “drawing board”) σχεδιάζω (schediázo, “to draw, design”) σχεδιάζομαι (schediázomai, “to be drawn, designed”) αυτοσχεδιάζω (aftoschediázo, “improvise”) προσχεδιάζω (proschediázo, “plan beforehand”) ζωγραφίζω (zografízo, “to paint”) Verb ζωγραφίζω • (zografízo) (past ζωγράφισα, passive ζωγραφίζομαι) (art) draw, paint Synonym: σχεδιάζω (schediázo) (figuratively) perform a task with virtuosity (figuratively) recount, describe Ζωγράφισε μια ζοφερή εικόνα της κατάστασης. Zográfise mia zoferí eikóna tis katástasis. He painted a grim picture of the situation. σχεδιάζω Verb design Representation of an object on paper or other surface using lines, usually scale the art of drawing and the lesson that teaches this art Δωσε gave exams in linear and freehand drawing motif Σε observed the patterns of knitting on the weave draft Or I have written something, but it is still just a plan; it will take a lot of work to complete it thought , desire for something I plan to accomplish in the future Or what are your plans for the summer holidays?

Answer 19

LITERATURE τέχνη • (téchni) f (plural τέχνες) Noun art, craftsmanship, style λογοτεχνία • (logotechnía) f (plural λογοτεχνίες) literature (written works) literature (the study of written works) λογοτέχνης m (logotéchnis, “writer”) λογοτέχνιδα f (logotéchnida, “writer”) λογοτεχνικός (logotechnikós, “literary”) ``` text (n.) late 14c., "wording of anything written," from Old French texte Old North French tixte "text, book Gospels" (12c.) from Medieval Latin textus " the Scriptures, text, treatise," ``` in Late Latin "written account, content, characters used in a document," from Latin textus "style or texture of a work," literally "thing woven," from past participle stem of texere "to weave, to join, fit together, braid, interweave, construct, fabricate, build," from PIE root *teks- "to weave, to fabricate, to make; make wicker or wattle framework." *teks- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to weave," also "to fabricate," especially with an ax," also "to make wicker or wattle fabric for (mud-covered) house walls." It forms all or part of: architect; context; dachshund; polytechnic; pretext; subtle; technical; techno-; technology; tectonic; tete; text; textile; tiller (n.1) ""bar to turn the rudder of a boat;" tissue; toil (n.2) "net, snare." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: *teks- "to weave, to fabricate, to make; make wicker or wattle framework" Sanskrit taksati "he fashions, constructs," taksan "carpenter;" Avestan taša "ax, hatchet," thwaxš- "be busy;" Old Persian taxš- "be active;" Latin texere "to weave, fabricate," tela "web, net, warp of a fabric;" Greek tekton "carpenter," tekhnē "art;" Old Church Slavonic tesla "ax, hatchet;" Lithuanian tašau, tašyti "to carve;" Old Irish tal "cooper's ax;" Old High German dahs, German Dachs "badger," literally "builder;" Hittite taksh- "to join, unite, build." techno- word-forming element meaning "art, craft, skill," later "technical, technology," from Latinized form of Greek tekhno-, combining form of tekhnē "art, skill, craft in work; method, system, an art, a system or method of making or doing," from PIE *teks-na- "craft" (of weaving or fabricating), from suffixed form of root *teks- "to weave," also "to fabricate." textile (n.) 1620s, from Latin textilis "a web, canvas, woven fabric, cloth, something woven," noun use of textilis "woven, wrought," from texere "to weave," from PIE root *teks- "to weave," also "to fabricate." As an adjective from 1650s. —————————————————- τεχνήτιο n (technítio, “technetium”) τεχνική f (technikí, “technique”) τεχνικός (technikós, “technical”) τεχνίτης m (technítis, “technician, craftsman”) τεχνίτρια f (technítria, “technician, craftswoman”) τεχνολογία f (technología, “technology”) τεχνολόγος m or f (technológos, “technologist”) εικαστικές τέχνες f pl (eikastikés téchnes, “visual arts”) σύντεχνος m or f (sýntechnos, “fellow-craftsman”) συντεχνίτισσα f (syntechnítissa, “fellow-craftswoman”) τεχνικός (technikós, “technical”) τεχνολόγος m or f (technológos, “technologist”) and see: τέχνη f (téchni, “craftsmanship, art”) Adjective τεχνικός • (technikós) m (feminine τεχνική, neuter τεχνικό) technical Noun τεχνικός • (technikós) m (plural τεχνικοί) technician Noun τεχνίτης • (technítis) m (plural τεχνίτες, feminine τεχνίτρια or τεχνίτρα) technician artisan, craftsman Noun χειροτέχνης • (cheirotéchnis) m (plural χειροτέχνες) craftsman, artisan, handicraftsman Noun τεχνολόγος • (tekhnológos) m (genitive τεχνολόγου); second declension (Koine) treating by rules of art writer on the art of rhetoric Noun τεχνολόγος • (technológos) m or f (plural τεχνολόγοι) technologist (in a radiography department) radiographer Noun τεχνολογῐ́ᾱ • (tekhnologíā) f (genitive τεχνολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Koine) systematic treatment of grammar From τεχνολόγος (tekhnológos) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun).

Answer 20

THOUGHT -THINKING σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις) thought, mental activity σκέπτομαι (“to think”) σκεπτικιστής m (“sceptic”) σκεπτικισμός m (“scepticism”) ``` σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension Noun viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree ``` -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process ``` σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) I look at, examine I examine, consider, think (rarely) I think, deem I prepare, premeditate ``` From Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai, from Proto-Indo-European *skep-ye-, from a metathesis of *speḱ-. Cognate to Latin speciō (“I see”). The present and imperfect are suppleted from σκοπέω (skopéō) in Attic. δῐᾰσκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) (deponent) (Koine) Synonym of δῐᾰσκοπέω (diaskopéō) look at in different ways, examine or consider well From Koine Greek διασκέπτομαι (“examine all around”). Morphologically, from δια- (“through”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”) συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”) τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”) and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”) ἀδῐᾰσκέπτως (adiasképtōs, “inconsiderately”) δῐᾰ́σκεμμᾰ n (diáskemma, “observation”) δῐᾰσκεπτέον (diaskeptéon, “one must consider”) δῐᾰσκεπτῐκός (diaskeptikós, “cautious, considerate”) δῐᾰ́σκεψῐς f (diáskepsis, “inspection, examination”) προδῐᾰσκέπτομαι (prodiasképtomai, “examine well beforehand”) From Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “examination, observation, consideration”). ``` Derived terms[edit] ἀνᾰσκέπτομαι (anasképtomai) ἀξιόσκεπτος (axióskeptos) ἀποσκέπτομαι (aposképtomai) ἄσκεπτος (áskeptos) δῐᾰσκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) ἐπῐσκέπτομαι (episképtomai) εὔσκεπτος (eúskeptos) κᾰτᾰσκέπτομαι (katasképtomai) περίσκεπτος (perískeptos) πολύσκεπτος (polúskeptos) προσκέπτομαι (prosképtomai) σκοπάρκης (skopárkēs) συσκέπτομαι (susképtomai) ὑποσκέπτομαι (huposképtomai) Related terms[edit] σκεπτέον (skeptéon) σκεπτήρῐον (skeptḗrion) σκεπτῐκός (skeptikós) σκέψ (sképs) σκέψῐς (sképsis) σκέμμᾰ (skémma) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπεῖᾰ (skopeîa) σκόπελος (skópelos) σκοπεύω (skopeúō) σκοπέω (skopéō) σκοπή (skopḗ) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπῐά (skopiá) σκοπός (skopós) ``` ``` Mainly found in compounds διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) επισκέπτομαι (episképtomai) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai) ``` ``` σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) I look at, examine I examine, consider, think (rarely) I think, deem I prepare, premeditate ``` From Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai, from Proto-Indo-European *skep-ye-, from a metathesis of *speḱ-. Cognate to Latin speciō (“I see”). συσκέπτομαι • (sysképtomai) deponent (past συσκέφθηκα) I am in conference from συ- (συν-) (“with, co-”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). συνδιασκέπτομαι • (syndiasképtomai) deponent (past συνδιασκέφθηκα) I am in conference along with others Synonyms: συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai), διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) Morphologically from συν- (“co-, plus”) +‎ δια- (“through”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). δῐᾰσκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) (deponent) (Koine) Synonym of δῐᾰσκοπέω (diaskopéō) look at in different ways, examine or consider well From δῐᾰ- (dia-, “through”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (sképtomai) διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”) συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”) τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”) and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”) σκεπτικός • (skeptikós) m (feminine σκεπτική, neuter σκεπτικό) Adjective contemplative, meditative, thoughtful From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós). σκεπτῐκός • (skeptikós) m (feminine σκεπτῐκή, neuter σκεπτῐκόν); first/second declension thoughtful, inquiring (philosophy, in the plural, substantive) a sceptic, a member of the school of thought founded by Pyrrho of Elis —————————————— σκόπελος • (skópelos) m (genitive σκοπέλου); second declension lookout place peak; headland, promontory watchtower Maybe related to σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to look at”) if the original meaning of the word is watchtower. σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (past σκόπευσα, passive —) aim, take aim aim, intend see: σκοπός m (skopós, “observer, watcher, aim, goal”) σκοπέω • (skopéō) I look, look at, behold; I examine, inspect (figuratively) I contemplate, consider I look for (middle) like active, perhaps implying a more deliberate consideration. From σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱop, the o-grade of *sḱep, a metathesis of *speḱ-, from which also comes σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider, think, speculate”). σκοπή • (skopḗ) f (genitive σκοπῆς); first declension a vantage point, a lookout, a watchtower From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai) +‎ -η (-action noun). σκοπιά • (skopiá) f (plural σκοπιές) watchtower, sentry viewpoint see: σκοπός m (skopós, “observer, watcher, aim, goal”) ``` σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim ``` From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”). σκοπός • (skopós) m (plural σκοποί) goal (aim, desired result) guard (occupation) σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (past σκόπευσα, passive —) aim, take aim aim, intend σκοπευτήριο • (skopeftírio) n shooting range ``` σκόπευση f (skópefsi, “aim, aiming”) σκοπευτήριο n (skopeftírio, “rifle range”) σκοπευτής m (skopeftís, “marksman”) σκοπεύτρια f (skopéftria, “markswoman”) σκόπευτρο n (skópeftro, “viewfinder”) σκοπευτικός (skopeftikós, “shooting”) σκοπεύω (skopévo, “aim, aim at”) σκοπιά f (skopiá, “observation post, watchtower”) ```

Answer 21

GRAMMAR γράφω • (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι) write, pen record issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc) ``` αντιγράφω (“to copy, to cheat”) εγγράφω (“enroll, register”) επιγράφω (“inscribe, entitle”) σκηνογραφώ (“direct film or play”) συγγράφω (“to write (a book, etc), to author”) υπογράφω (“to sign”) καταγραφικό (“chart recorder, datalogger”) ξεγράφω (“strike out”) εγγράψιμος (“able to be enrolled”) γράψιμο n (“writing”) γραπτός (“written”) γραπτό (“paper”) έγγραφο n (éngrafo, “document”) ``` γραμμένος • (gramménos) m (feminine γραμμένη, neuter γραμμένο) Adjective written, covered with writing written, registered, recorded έγγραφος • (éngrafos) m (feminine έγγραφη, neuter έγγραφο) Adjective in writing, written γραπτός • (graptós) m (feminine γραπτή, neuter γραπτόν) Adjective painted marked as with letters written Verbal adjective of γράφω (gráphō), with suffix -τος (adjective) γραπτά • (graptá) Adverb written, in written form γραπτά • (graptá) n Noun Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of γραπτό (graptó). γραπτή • (graptí) Byzantine Adjective Nominative singular feminine form of γραπτός (graptós). Accusative singular feminine form of γραπτός (graptós). Vocative singular feminine form of γραπτός (graptós). —————————————————- γράμμα From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma). Morphologically γράφω +‎ -μα (result noun suffix). γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα) Noun letter (written or printed symbol) (computing) character (plural) literature, letters Tα γράμματα και οι τέχνες. ― Ta grámmata kai oi téchnes. ― Literature and the arts (plural: informal) education, literacy Ξέρεις γράμματα; ― Xéreis grámmata? ― Can you read? literally: Do you know letters? Στο 'πα και στο ξαναλέω/μη μου γράφεις γράμματα/γιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω/και με πιάνουν κλάματα. Sto 'pa kai sto xanaléo/mi mou gráfeis grámmata/giatí grámmata den xéro/kai me piánoun klámata. I've told you and I'm telling you again/don't write me letters/because I can't read (letters)/and tears overcome me traditional Greek song letter (correspondence) Στο 'πα και στο ξαναλέω/μη μου γράφεις γράμματα/γιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω/και με πιάνουν κλάματα. Sto 'pa kai sto xanaléo/mi mou gráfeis grámmata/giatí grámmata den xéro/kai me piánoun klámata. I've told you and I'm telling you again/don't write me letters/because I can't read (letters)/and tears overcome me traditional Greek song ``` γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή • (grammatikḗ) f (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῆς) Noun animate senses: a female teacher of the rudiments a woman who occupies herself with literary texts, a female grammarian or critic inanimate senses: grammar the faculty of scholarship alphabet, script, writing ``` γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός • (grammatikós) m (feminine γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή, neuter γρᾰμμᾰτῐκόν) Adjective knowing one’s letters, of a good scholar (in the phrase γραμματικὸν ἔκπωμα) a cup engraved with the alphabet or an inscription concerned with textual criticism (in the phrase γραμματικὴ τέχνη) the grammatical art or craft, grammar γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός • (grammatikós) m (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτῐκοῦ) Noun teacher of the rudiments one who occupies himself with literary texts, grammarian, critic. γραμματικός • (grammatikós) m (plural γραμματικοί) Noun grammarian scribe, secretary γραμματέας • (grammatéas) m or f (plural γραμματείς) Noun secretary receptionist γραμματεία • (grammateía) f (plural γραμματείες) Noun secretariat secretariat (plural secretariats) The office or department of a government secretary. γραμματοκιβώτιο n (grammatokivótio, “letterbox, pillarbox, mailbox”) γραμματόσημο n (grammatósimo, “postage stamp”) γραμματοθήκη f (grammatothíki, “letter case”) γραμματική f (grammatikí, “grammar”) γραμματέας m or f (grammatéas, “secretary”) γραμματεύς m or f (grammatéfs, “secretary”) and see: γράμμα n (grámma, “letter; communication”) ———————————————- ``` Definite / Indefinite Infinitive / Finite Infinite / Finite Limited / Unlimited Bounded / Unbounded Indicative / Indefinite Perfect / Imperfect Static verb / Perpetual verb Instance / Ongoing One Time Instance / Habitual-Repeated-Daily Progressive / ``` ``` (TENSE) Aspect (progressive vs. perfect/perfective) Past / Present / Future Present Future Simple Future Perfect Past Simple - Preterite - Aorist Past Perfect (ASPECT) Continuous-Progressive-Perpetual Perfect / Imperfect Habitual Perfective / Imperfective Bounded / Unbounded Aorist - no horizon - unbounded Pluperfect (MOOD) Voice (active / middle / passive) (do to another / do to oneself / having it done to you) (CASE) (Predicate - How Does A Noun Interact With The Verb?) Nominative / Subjective Accusative / Objective Indirect / Oblique ``` Finite verbs are the locus of grammatical information of gender, person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and voice. ``` A nonfinite verb is a verb that is not finite. Nonfinite verbs cannot perform action as the root of an independent clause. Most nonfinite verbs found in English are infinitives, participles and gerunds. Finite verbs cannot become a gerund I saw - I was “sawing” Has - Hasing Am - Aming ``` The following sentences each contain one finite verb (underlined) and multiple nonfinite verbs (in bold): The proposal has been intensively examined today. What did they want to have done about that? Someone tried to refuse to accept the offer. Coming downstairs, she saw the man running away. I am trying to get the tickets. In the above sentences, “been, examined and done” are past participles. “want, have, refuse, accept and get” are infinitives. “coming, running and trying” are present participles (for alternative terminology, see the sections below). English has three kinds of nonfinite verbs: infinitives, participles, and gerunds Gerund - He went running. (Object Noun) The running man. (Verbal Adjective- Gerundive) He was running to the store before it closed. (Verb-Present Participle) ATTRIBUTIVE VERB (Gerundive) An attributive verb is a verb that modifies (expresses an attribute of) a noun in the manner of an attributive adjective, rather than express an independent idea as a predicate. The truly "verbal" adjectives are non-finite verb forms: participles (present and past), and sometimes to-infinitives. These act as verbs in that they form a verb phrase, possibly taking objects and other dependents and modifiers that are typical of verbs; however that verb phrase then plays the role of an attributive adjective in the larger sentence. In the following examples, the attributive verb is bolded, and the verb phrase acting as the attributive adjective is shown in italics. The cat sitting on the fence is mine. The actor given the prize is not my favorite. This is a great place to eat. Deverbal adjectives often have the same form as (and similar meaning to) the participles, but behave grammatically purely as adjectives — they do not take objects, for example, as a verb might. For example: It was a very exciting game. Interested parties should apply to the office. ——————————————- κορώνα ή γράμματα • (koróna í grámmata) f or n (uncountable) (used with an article) heads or tails See also[edit] μονά ή ζυγά (moná í zygá, “odds or evens”)

Answer 22

FEMININE - GODESS MASCULINE - GOD θέα • (théa) f θέας - genitive Noun view, sight. contemplation , exhibition, prospect, scene. scenery, show, sight, spectacle, view, vision. ``` θεά f (“goddess”) θεά • (theá) f plural - θεές masculine - θεός goddess goddess (adored or idealized woman) ``` ____________________________________________ *dʰéh₁s m (oblique stem dʰh₁s-) Root god, godhead, deity sacred place, From From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁s-o- From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”) +‎ *-s. *(ó)-s f Derives nouns from roots. ____________________________________________ θεός • (theós) m θεά - feminine θεοί - plural (religion) god (supreme being or a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers) Ο θεός των Αράβων είναι ο Αλλάχ. ― The god of the Arabs is Allah. Στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, ο Διόνυσος ήταν ο θεός του κρασιού. ― In Ancient Greece, Dionysus was the god of wine. Alternative letter-case form of Θεός (Theós). (figuratively) god, idol (something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed) Όσον αφορά μουσική, ο Μότσαρτ ήταν ο θεός του. ― With regard to music, Mozart was his god. Σε αυτόν τον κόσμο, δυστυχώς, τα λεφτά είναι ο θεός τους. ― In this world, unfortunately, money is their god. (figuratively, colloquial) god, Greek god (exceedingly handsome man) Στην παραλία ήταν διάφοροι θεοί. ― There were several Greek gods on the beach. ________________________________ Θεός • (Theós) m (Christianity, Judaism) God (single deity of various monotheistic religions) Ο Θεός έδωσε τις δέκα εντολές στον Μωυσή. ― God gave the ten commandments to Moses. Κάθε βράδυ, προσεύχομαι στο Θεό. ― Every night, I pray to God. ____________________________________ ``` θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess. ``` θεός • (theós) Adjective divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος (theṓteros)) From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o) a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s (nominative noun) *tʰehós m god, deity. ``` *dʰéh₁s m (oblique stem dʰh₁s-) god, godhead, deity sacred place. From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”) +‎ *-s. *(é)-s f Derives nouns from roots. *dʰeh₁- (perfective) to do, put, place. ``` Ancient Greek: θεσμός (theism) τεθμός (tethmós) ``` Ancient Greek: θετός (thetós) θετός • (thetós) m (feminine θετή, neuter θετόν) Adjective placed, put, settled adopted; adoptive. From θε- (god) +‎ -τος (adjective) from τίθημι (títhēmi) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”). ``` ``` From θε- +‎ -τος (τῐ́θημῐ) τῐ́θημῐ • (títhēmi) Verb I put, place, set. -τος • (-tos) m or f neuter -τον Creates verbal adjectives of possibility, either active or passive (accented on the ultima, -τός) -τος • (-tos) Creates verbal adjectives. ``` ``` __________________________________ SUFFIX -τος • m or f -τον neuter Creates verbal adjectives of possibility, either active or passive (accented on the ultima, -τός) ``` δύναμαι > δυνατός can > able (active), doable (passive) διαλῡ́ω > διαλυτός dissolve > dissoluble Creates perfective passive verbal adjectives (usually accented recessively) διαλῡ́ω > διάλυτος dissolve > dissolved Forms adjectives from nouns (accented recessively) δάκρυ > ἀ-δάκρυτος tear > tearless ____________________________________ ``` θήκη • (thḗkē) f (genitive θήκης); first declension Noun box, chest grave, tomb sword sheath ``` From τίθημι (“to place, put”). ____________________________________ ``` θής • (thḗs) m (genitive θητός); third declension Noun serf bondsman (later) hired laborer. ``` From τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I place”). ____________________________________ DEMIURGE ``` Δημιουργός • (Dimiourgós) m Noun (Platonism) the Demiurge (Christianity) God. From Ancient Greek δημιουργός (“public worker”) ``` Δημιουργός m (demos-ergo, “Creator”) ____________________________________ Κύριος m (Kýrios, “Lord”) Κύριος • (Kýrios) Proper noun (Christianity) Lord (Jesus Christ, God) From κῦρος ("supremacy”) +‎ -ιος (adjective suffix) κῡ́ρῐος • (kū́rios) m (feminine κῡρῐ́ᾱ, neuter κῡ́ρῐον); first/second declension Adjective (Title) (of people): ruling, governing, having power (of things): decisive, critical, authorized, valid, legal, entitled (of times): fixed, set, appointed (of language): literal main, major, primary, principal. κῡ́ριος • (kū́rios) m (genitive κῡρίου); second declension Noun lord, master, guardian, ruler, owner sir Greek translation of the Tetragrammaton in the Septuagint. From Ancient Greek τετραγράμματον (tetragrámmaton, “four-letter word”), neuter gender of τετραγράμματος (tetragrámmatos, “having four letters”), formed from a combining form of τέτταρες (téttares, “four”) and γράμμα (grámma, “letter”). The four Hebrew letters יהוה‎ (in transliteration, YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously transliterated as Yahweh or Jehovah. from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”) Cognate with κύω (kúō) κῠ́ω • (kúō) Verb (present and imperfect) to conceive, become pregnant (rarely with accusative) to become pregnant with... (aorist) to impregnate. From Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”). *ḱewh₁- (perfective) to swell to be strong. From Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant, become pregnant”) Hellenic: *kūmə (“a swell, wave”) ``` Ancient Greek: κῦμᾰ (kûma) From Proto-Hellenic *kūmə equivalent to κῠ́ω (“conceive”) +‎ -μᾰ κῦμᾰ • (kûma) n (genitive κῡ́μᾰτος); third declension Noun ("A swell, a wave, a billow") (figuratively) a wave or flood of men. (in Tragedy) wave of adversity. a waved or ogee moulding, cyma. fetus, embryo. sprout of a plant. ``` Cognates Sanskrit: श्वयति (śváyati, “to swell, increase, grow”) cyma (plural cymas or cymae or cymæ or cymata) Noun (architecture) A moulding of the cornice, wavelike in form, whose outline consists of a concave and a convex line; an ogee. (botany) A cyme. From New Latin cȳma (“young sprout or shoot of cabbage”) κῡμᾰ́τῐον • (kūmátion) n (genitive κῡμᾰτῐ́ου); second declension Noun a small cyma the volute of the Ionic capital. From κῦμᾰ (kûma) +‎ -ῐον (-diminutive noun). SUFFIX -ῐον • (-ion) n (genitive -ῐ́ου); second declension A noun–forming diminutive suffix. From Proto-Hellenic *kūmə *kūmə n ("swell, wave") Cognates with Latin - cumulus, cavus. Latin - cumulus m (genitive cumulī); second declension Noun heap, pile, surplus, summit. Cognate Latin - cavus (feminine cava, neuter cavum); first/second declension Adjective hollow, concave excavated, channeled. From From Proto-Italic *kawos from Proto-Indo-European *ḱowHós (“hollow”) from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to swell”) Related to Old Irish cúas (“hollow, cavity”) Ancient Greek κύαρ (kúar, “eye of needle, earhole”) English - kyrie (plural kyries) (Christianity) A short prayer or petition including the phrase kyrie eleison, meaning “Lord, have mercy”. (music) A setting of the traditional kyrie text to music for a Mass. Κύριε ἐλέησον (Kúrie eléēson, “Lord, have mercy”) Κύριε • (Kýrie) m Vocative form of Κύριος (Kýrios). Κύριος • (Kýrios) m Proper noun (Christianity) Lord (Jesus Christ, God) from κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy, authority”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱēw-, *ḱwā- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”). ``` κῡρόω • (kūróō) (transitive) To ratify Synonym: κυέω (kuéō) From κῦρος (“power, authority”) +‎ -όω -όω • (-óō) Suffix Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ____________________________________ ``` Παντοδύναμος • (Pantodýnamos) m Almighty (God, the supreme being) the Almighty God, the supreme being. mighty (adj.) "possessed of or endowed with might; having much ability, strength, or power," Old English mihtig, earlier mæhtig, From Proto-Germanic *mahtiga- Source also of Old Frisian mechtig, Old Saxon mahtig, Dutch machtig, German mächtig), from the source of might (n.). As an adverb, "very, exceedingly, greatly," it is attested from c. 1300, though such use now is considered colloquial. might (n.) "quality of being able, ability to do or act, power," From Middle English might. From Old English miht, earlier mæht "bodily strength, power; authority, dominion, control; ability," From Proto-Germanic *makhti- (source also of Old Norse mattr, Old Frisian, Middle Dutch, Dutch macht, Old High German maht, German Macht, Gothic mahts), a Germanic suffixed form of the PIE root *magh- "to be able, have power." *magh- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to be able, have power." It forms all or part of: dismay; deus ex machina; may (v.1) "am able;" might (n.) "bodily strength, power;" main; machine; mechanic; mechanism; mechano-; mage; magi; magic. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit mahan "great;" Greek mēkhanē "device, means," mekhos, makhos "means, instrument;" Old Church Slavonic mošti, Russian moč' "can, be able;" Old English mæg "I can," Gothic mag "can, is able," Old High German magan, Old Norse magn "power, might." ____________________________________ Παντοκράτωρ m (Pantokrátor, “Christ Pantocrator”) ____________________________________ Αλλάχ • (Allách) m (indeclinable) (Islam) Allah (God, in Islamic contexts) Borrowed from Arabic اللّٰه‎ (allāh). اللّٰه • (allāh) m (monotheism) God 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 112:1-4: ‏قُلْ هُوَ ٱللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ ۝ ٱللّٰهُ الصَّمَدُ ۝ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ ۝‎ qul huwa llāhu ʾaḥadun ۝ allāhu ṣ-ṣamadu ۝ lam yalid walam yūlad ۝ walam yakun lahū kufuwan ʾaḥadun ۝ Say, “He is Allah, [who is] One, ۝ Allah, the Eternal Refuge. ۝ He neither begets nor is born, ۝ Nor is there to Him any equivalent.” ۝ ____________________________________ άνθρωπος του Θεού (“man of God”) από το στόμα σου και στου Θεού τ' αυτί “from your mouth to God's ears” βλέπω Θεού πρόσωπο “things turn out well for one, everything comes up roses”, literally “to see God's face” για όνομα του Θεού “for God's sake”, literally “for the name of God” δόξα σοι ο Θεός (“thank God”) ελέω Θεού ("by the Grace of God”) έχει ο Θεός (“everything will be okay”, literally “God has”) έχω τον Θεό μου (“to do whatever one wants”, literally “to have one's God”) Θεέ μου (“my God”) Θεός σχωρέσ΄ τον (“God rest his soul”, literally “God forgive him”) Θεός φυλάξοι (“God forbid”) θεούλης m (diminutive) θεούσα f (“religious nut, churchy woman”) μα τον Θεό (“for God's sake”, literally “but God”) να δώσει ο Θεός (“please God, God grant that”, literally “may God give”) ο Θεός βοηθός (o Theós voïthós, “please God”, literally “God helper”) ο Θεός και η ψυχή του (o Theós kai i psychí tou, “who knows”, literally “God and his soul”) ο Θεός μαζί σου (o Theós mazí sou, “God be with you”) ο Θεός να βάλει το χέρι του (o Theós na válei to chéri tou, “God help me/you/him/her/it/us/them”, literally “may God put his hand”) ο Θεός να κάνει το θαύμα του (o Theós na kánei to thávma tou, “God help me/you/him/her/it/us/them”, literally “may God do his miracle”) ο Θεός να κατέβει κάτω (o Theós na katévei káto, “nothing can stop him/her/it”, literally “even if God comes down”) ποιος είδε τον Θεό και δεν τον φοβήθηκε (poios eíde ton Theó kai den ton fovíthike, “all hell broke loose”, literally “who saw God and didn't fear him”) προς Θεού (pros Theoú, “for God's sake”, literally “towards God”) πρώτα ο Θεός (próta o Theós, “God willing”, literally “God first”) _______________________________ ᾰ̓́θεος • (átheos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́θεον); second declension - without gods - rejecting or disdaining the belief in the gods (especially officially sanctioned gods) - generally: godless, secular - abandoned by the gods (lexicography) not derived from a theonym. ``` From Ancient Greek ἄθεος (“irreverent”) άθεος • (átheos) m (feminine άθεη, neuter άθεο) Noun godless, atheist (noun) atheist ``` αθεΐα • (atheḯa) f (uncountable) atheism. αθεϊσμός • (atheïsmós) m (religion) atheism. αθεϊστής (atheïstís, “atheist”) ``` αθεϊστής m (atheïstís, “atheist”) αθεϊστικός (atheïstikós, “atheistic”) αθεΐστρια f (atheḯstria, “atheist”) άθεος (átheos, “atheist”, adjective) άθεος m (átheos, “atheist”) άθεη f (átheï, “atheist”) αθεϊσμός m (atheïsmós, “atheism”) αθεόφοβος (atheófovos, “ungodly, impious”) αθεΐζω (atheḯzo, “become an atheist”) ``` άθεη • (átheï) Noun Nominative, accusative and vocative singular feminine form of άθεος (átheos). (noun) female atheist. αθεόφοβος • (atheófovos) m (feminine αθεόφοβη, neuter αθεόφοβο) Noun impious, ungodly (noun) unholy person, rogue. ἀθεότης • (atheótēs) f (genitive ἀθεότητος); third declension Noun Atheist, godlessness. ἄθεος (“godless”) +‎ -της (agent noun) From α- (“not”) +‎ θεός ( “god”) +‎ φόβος (“fear”) θεόφοβος (theófovos, “God-fearing”) ἀντίθεος Against the gods, opposing the gods. ἀντι- • (anti-) anti-, against. ``` ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō) I deify From ἀπο- +‎ θεός (“god, deity”) +‎ -όω (verb) SUFFIX -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ________________________________ GOD FEAR - θεόφοβος ``` ``` From θεός (“god”) +‎ φοβούμαι (“to be afraid”) θεοφοβούμενος • (theofovoúmenos) m feminine - θεοφοβούμενη neuter - θεοφοβούμενο) Adjective pious, God-fearing. ``` ``` φόβος • (fóvos) m (plural φόβοι) fear δεν έχει φόβο ― don't be afraid (literally: have not fear) apprehension, awe φόβος των θεών ― awe of the gods. ``` ``` From δέος • (déos) n (uncountable) awe (a feeling of fear and reverence) δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun fear, alarm reason for fear. ``` φοβία • (fovía) f (plural φοβίες) Noun (psychology) phobia. φοβίζω • (fovízo) (simple past φόβισα, passive —) Verb browbeat, challenge frighten, scare. φοβάμαι • (fovámai) deponent (simple past φοβήθηκα) Verb (passive) fear, dread, be afraid, be frightened (colloquial) be afraid, sorry. θεοφοβούμενος (theofovoúmenos, “God-fearing”) φοβερός • (foverós) m (feminine φοβερή, neuter φοβερό) Adjective frightening, terrifying, horrifying awesome, formidable, dreadful, fearful. φοβερά • (foverá) Adjective frightfully, fearfully. φοβέρα • (fovéra) f (plural φοβέρες) Noun threat. _________________________________ ``` δῆλος • (dêlos) m (feminine δήλη, neuter δῆλον); first/second declension Adjective visible conspicuous manifest (Septuagint, plural form) the Urim. ``` δηλόω (dēlóō, “to make manifest, to be clear or plain”) δῆλον ποιέω (dêlon poiéō, “to give away, reveal, expose”) From Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“heaven, sky; to shine”). δηλόω • (dēlóō) Verb (transitive) To show, to make apparent, known, clear Synonym: δείκνυμῐ (deíknumi) δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove. ``` δείχνω • (deíchno) (simple past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) +‎ -νῡμῐ -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs *deywós m (non-ablauting) god From root *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) *dyutkós (“celestial, heavenly”) (+ *tek- (“to obtain, receive”) *dyḗws m (oblique stem diw-) sky, heaven sky god. From earlier *dyéws from *dyew- +‎ *-s. *(é)-s f Derives nouns from roots. _________________________________ ``` θειόω • (theióō) Verb to smoke with brimstone, to fumigate and purify to purify, hallow. From θεῖον (“sulphur”) +‎ -όω -όω • (-óō) Suffix Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ``` θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension Noun divinity (plural) the acts of the gods. θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension Sulfur. connected to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”), implying an original meaning of "fumigant", the same root as θυμιάω (thumiáō, “to burn, smoke”). CATASTROPHE (GODS AS PLANETS) 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 17:29: ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐξῆλθεν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων, ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπώλεσεν πάντας. o the day departed Lot from Sodom, it rained fire and sulfur from the sky and destroyed all. Idiomatic: And on the day that Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from the heavens and destroyed everyone. _________________________________ ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō) Verb I deify From ἀπο- +‎ θεός (“god, deity”) +‎ -όω ἀποθέωσῐς • (apothéōsis) f (genitive ἀποθεώσεως); third declension apotheosis. From ἀποθεόω (“deify”) +‎ -σῐς (transitive) To make a god of (something or someone). (transitive) To treat as worthy of worship; to regard as a deity. Latin - deificar to make a god of; to deify. From Late Latin deificāre, present active infinitive of deificō (“I make a god, deify”) from Latin deus (“god”). deus m (genitive deī); second declension (for the feminine form, see dea) god, deity. an imperial epithet (for deified emperors) ἀπο- intensification, completion, looking forward ‎απο- + ‎τελειώνω (“to finish”) → ‎αποτελειώνω (“to consummate”) -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. From Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis), from verb ἀποθεόω (apotheóō, “deify”) (factitive verb formed from θεός (theós, “God”) with intensive prefix ἀπο- (apo-)) + -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”). Surface analysis apo- +‎ theo- +‎ -sis. apotheosis (countable and uncountable, plural apotheoses) The fact or action of becoming or making into a god; deification. Glorification, exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status. A glorified example or ideal; the apex or pinnacle (of a concept or belief). The best moment or highest point in the development of something, for example of a life or career; the apex, culmination, or climax (of a development). (loosely) Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death. (psychology) The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this. apotheosize (third-person singular simple present apotheosizes, present participle apotheosizing, simple past and past participle apotheosized) (transitive) To deify, to convert into a god. (transitive) To exalt, glorify. _________________________________ Ζεύς • (Zeús) m (genitive Διός); third declension Zeus Παῦε λέγων, μὰ τὸν Δία Paûe légōn, mà tòn Día Stop talking, by Zeus a name of the emperors of Rome referring to other gods, such as Amun, Baal, Ahura Mazda (with καταχθόνιος (katakhthónios) or χθόνιος (khthónios)) = Hades From Proto-Hellenic *dzéus, from Proto-Indo-European *dy ḗws. Cognate with Sanskrit द्यु (dyú), Latin Iuppiter, Old English Tīw, Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (sius). ``` Δάν (Dán) – Aeolic Δεύς (Deús) – Laconian Ζάν (Zán), Ζάς (Zás) – Doric Ζήν (Zḗn) – poetic Θιός (Thiós), Σιός (Siós) – Boeotian Τάν (Tán) – Cretan ``` *dzéus m sky god, Zeus Δίας • (Días) m (astronomy) Jupiter (Greek mythology) Zeus Iuppiter m (genitive Iovis); irregular declension The god Jupiter. (poetic) The sky. The planet Jupiter. The nominative Iuppiter, for Iūpiter (with shift of the length from vowel to consonant per the "littera" rule), comes from a vocative combined with pater, and essentially meant "father Jove": Proto-Italic *djous patēr, from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“lit. the bright one”), root nomen agentis from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”). It is cognate with Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (iupater), and in other Indo-European branches also Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyauṣ-pitṛ), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “o father Zeus”). The oblique cases Iov-, Iovis continue the inflection of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognates are Latin diēs (from the accusative case) and Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús). ``` Iovis m (genitive Iovis); third declension (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) Alternative form of Iuppiter, the god Jove, Jupiter. ``` Jove (Roman mythology) Jupiter, god of the sky. From Middle English Joves, from Latin Iovis, from Proto-Italic *djowe-, ablative case of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. *djous m day, sky Jupiter. In the meaning "Jupiter", it was commonly reinforced with *patēr (“father”), giving *djous patēr. *deiwos m god, deity. From Proto-Indo-European *deywós. Anatolian: *diu- ("daylight god") Lycian: ziw Lydian: Divi- Luwian: tiwat ("a sun god") Palaic: tiyaz, tiuna Balto-Slavic: *deiwas (see there for further descendants) Celtic: *deiwos (see there for further descendants) Germanic: *Tīwaz (see there for further descendants) Indo-Iranian: *daywás (see there for further descendants) Italic: *deiwos (see there for further descendants) ``` Celtic *dēwos m god, deity day _________________________________ HITTITE ``` 𒅆𒍑 • (sius) god From Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“sky, heaven”). _________________________________ DAY - NIGHT noctū (not comparable) by night, at night. From nox (“night”), by analogy with diū (“during the day”). diū (comparative diūtius, superlative diūtissimē) Adverb continually, all day long, long while, for a long time. From Proto-Indo-European *dyéw(i) (“during the day”), locative case of *dyḗws, with d possibly imported from diēs. Cognate with Old Armenian տիւ (tiw), Sanskrit दिवा (divā, “by day”). Sanskrit दिवा • (divā) m lamp, light. From Sanskrit दीप (dīpa). दीपक • (dīpak) m (Urdu spelling دیپک‎) lamp, light. चिराग़ • (cirāġ) m (Urdu spelling چراغ‎) lamp (or any source of light) چراغ • (čerâğ) (plural چراغ‌ها‎ (čerâğ-hâ)) lamp light stove. ``` چراغ • (çerâg, çirâg) Noun lamp, lantern light wick, candlewick illuminator; teacher, mentor. Borrowed from Persian چراغ‎ (čerâğ, čarâğ). _________________________________ LATIN ``` diēs m or f (genitive diēī); fifth declension A day, particularly: A solar or sidereal day of about 24 hours, especially (historical) Roman dates reckoned from one midnight to the next. from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“heaven, sky”) ``` from Proto-Italic *djēm *djēm accusative singular of *djous *djous m day, sky Jupiter. In the meaning "Jupiter", it was commonly reinforced with *patēr (“father”), giving *djous patēr. ``` Proper noun Edit *djous patēr m Jupiter, the Sky Father. ``` *patēr m father. *ph₂tḗr m (oblique stem *ph₂tr̥-) father. Often supposed to be from *peh₂- (“to protect, shepherd”) +‎ *-tḗr (agent suffix). ``` *peh₂- to protect to shepherd. Greek ποιμήν (“shepherd, herdsman”), where the abstract nomina agentis suffix *-mn̥ *(é)-mn̥ Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs. ___________________________________ δαίμων • (daímōn) m or f (genitive δαίμονος); third declension god, goddess. From δαίομαι (daíomai, “to divide”) +‎ -μων (-mōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂-i- (“to divide, cut”). For similar semantic development compare Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”), Sanskrit भग (bhága, “dispenser, patron”) (usually applied to gods) beside Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀-‎ (baga-, “part”) and Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to divide, apportion”). ``` δαίομαι • (daíomai) to divide. From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- *deh₂- to share, divide. ``` ``` δῆμος • (dêmos) m (genitive δήμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) Noun district, country, land. the common people. free citizens, sovereign people. popular government, democracy. popular assembly. township, commune; deme. ``` _______________________________________ ποιμήν • (poimḗn) m (genitive ποιμένος); third declension shepherd, herdsman shepherd of the people: pastor, teacher, epithet of Agamemnon. From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂imn̥, *poh₂imen, an abstract nomen agentis formed from an ablaut of Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- (“to protect”) and common suffix *-men. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me), Latin pascō (“put to graze”), pāstor (“shepherd”), Sanskrit पाति (pā́ti), Old English fōda and fēdan (English food and feed). 𐀡𐀕 (po-me) shepherd. PIE root *peh₂- (“to protect”) Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”) Sanskrit: पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”)

Answer 23

THEORY Noun A collection of ideas forming an opinion, judgement or speculation about a question. ``` θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f θεωρῐ́ᾱς - genitive Noun sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation. ``` From θεωρός (“spectator”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (forms feminine abstract nouns). θεωρός • (theōrós) m θεωροῦ - genitive Noun ("spectator, envoy sent to consult an oracle") ἀντίθεος • (antítheos) m or f ἀντίθεον - neuter Adjective ("godlike") ἀντι- (opposite mirror likeness-) +‎ θεός (god) SUFFIX ἀντι- • (anti-) Prefix ("anti-, against") ``` ἀντί • (antí) (governs the genitive) Preposition over against, opposite at the same time as in exchange for, in place of at the price of, in return for for the sake of, for instead of compared with ``` ᾰ̓ντ’ (ant’), ᾰ̓νθ’ (anth’) – apocopic

Answer 24

THEORY Noun The Greek theoria (θεωρία), from which the English word "theory" (and "theatre") is derived, meant "contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at", From theorein (θεωρεῖν) "to consider, speculate, look at", from theoros (θεωρός) "spectator". ``` from thea (θέα) "a view" + horan (ὁρᾶν) "to see". It expressed the state of being a spectator. ``` Both Greek θεωρία and Latin contemplatio primarily meant looking at things, whether with the eyes or with the mind. ``` θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f θεωρῐ́ᾱς - genitive sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation. ``` Christian contemplation, From Latin "contemplatio" From Greek θεωρία. Theoria refers to several Christian practices which aim at "looking at", "gazing at", "being aware of" God or the Divine. It includes several practices and theological concepts, and until the sixth century the practice of what is now called mysticism was referred to by the term contemplatio, c.q. theoria. Christianity took up the use of both the Greek (theoria) and Latin (contemplatio, contemplation) terminology to describe various forms of prayer and the process of coming to know God. Eastern and Western traditions of Christianity grew apart as they incorporated the general notion of theoria into their respective teachings. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that, "the Christian tradition comprises three major expressions of the life of prayer: 1. vocal prayer. 2. meditation. 3. and contemplative prayer. They have in common the recollection of the heart." Three stages are discerned in contemplative practice, namely... 1. purgative contemplation. 2. contemplation proper. 3. and the vision of God. ___________________________________________ The word theoria is derived from a verb meaning to look, or to see: for the Greeks, knowing was a kind of seeing, a sort of intellectual seeing. Contemplation is, then, knowledge... 1. ("Knowledge of reality itself") as opposed to knowing how... 2. (" The kind of know-how involved in getting things done") To this contrast between the active life and contemplation there corresponds a distinction in our understanding of what it is to be human between... 1. Reason conceived as puzzling things out, solving problems, calculating and making decisions - referred to by the Greek words phronesis and dianoia, or in Latin by ratio - and... 2. Reason conceived as receptive of truth, beholding, looking - referred to by the Greek words theoria or sophia (wisdom) or nous (intellect), or in Latin intellectus. Augustine expressed this distinction by using scientia for the kind of knowledge attained by ratio, and sapientia, wisdom, for the kind of knowledge received by intellectus. From sciēns, present participle of sciō (“to know, understand”)+‎ -ia. Human intelligence operates at two levels: 2. A basic level concerned with doing things, and 2. Another level concerned with simply beholding, contemplating, knowing reality. According to William Johnston, until the sixth century the practice of what is now called mysticism was referred to by the term contemplatio, c.q. theoria. According to Johnston, "both contemplation and mysticism speak of the eye of love which is looking at, gazing at, aware of divine realities." _________________________________________ The term theoria was used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the act of experiencing or observing, and then comprehending through nous. ("Nous") is a result noun, deriving from the act of contemplation, ("theoria"). For Plato, what the contemplative (theoros) contemplates (theorei) are the Forms, the realities underlying the individual appearances, and one who contemplates these atemporal and aspatial realities is enriched with a perspective on ordinary things superior to that of ordinary people. Aristotle, on the other hand, separated the spectating of theoria from practical purposes, and saw it as an end in itself, the highest activity of man.[13] To indicate that it is the philosopher who devotes himself to pursuits most worthy of a free man, Heraclides of Pontus compared him to a spectator (theoros) at the Olympic spectacle: unlike the other participants, he does not seek either glory, as does the competitor, or money, as does the businessman. Aristotle used the same image: As we go to the Olympian festival for the sake of the spectacle (θεᾶς), even if nothing more should come of it – for the theoria (θεωρία) itself is more precious than money; and just as we go to theorize (θεωροῦμεν) at the festival of Dionysus not so that we will gain anything from the actors (indeed we pay to see them) … so too the theoria (θεωρία) of the universe must be honoured above all things that are considered to be useful. For surely we would not go to such trouble to see men imitating women and slaves, or athletes fighting and running, and not consider it right to theorize without payment (θεωρεῖν ἀμισθί) the nature and truth of reality.

Answer 25

THEORY Verb ``` θεωρώ • (theoró) θεώρησα - simple past θεωρούμαι - passive Verb ("consider, regard") ``` Synonym: νομίζω ("scrutinise") Synonym: ελέγχω validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω ("examine a text to make corrections") For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”). For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”). ____________________________________ For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”). For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”). _________________________________ ``` θεωρείο n (theoreío, “box, loge”) θεώρημα n (theórima, “theorem”) θεώρηση f (theórisi, “point of view, validation of documents”) θεωρητικός (theoritikós, “theoretical”) θεωρητικολογώ (theoritikologó, “theorize”) θεωρία f (theoría, “theory”) θεωρικά n pl (theoriká) θωριά f (thoriá, “appearance”) (folksy) θωρώ (thoró, “I look”) (folksy) ``` ____________________________________ θεωρείο • (theoreío) n (plural θεωρεία) Noun box, loge, gallery at a theatre, concert hall, parliament. τιμή εισιτηρίου για πλατεία, εξώστη, θεωρείο price of ticket for stalls, balcony, box. θeoˈrio εξώστης (exóstis, “balcony”) γαλαρία (galaría, “upper balcony”) ______________________________________ πιστεύω • (pisteúō) Verb to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), to credit to entrust (especially one’s spiritual well being to Christ) to believe, commit (to trust), put in trust with ———————————————- θεώρηση Noun (“visa”) official stamp or signature affixed to a document for ratification or verification review and approval of a text or document belief or opinion often expressed at length as a theory of belief a possible version of an issue or phenomenon, point of view worldview ———————————————- θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry ——————————————— Verb θεωρούμαι • (theoroúmai) passive (past θεωρήθηκα, active θεωρώ) to be considered

Answer 26

INTENT - PURPOSE - GOAL Noun intention, intent, purpose, preposition, intension, scope. From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”). Noun πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) (grammar) preposition intent, intention, purpose. ``` From πρόθεσις (próthesis, “setting before”) +‎ -ικός (-ic / adjective ). Adjective Prosthetic προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m προθετῐκή feminine προθετῐκόν neuter of or for prefixing; prepositional. ``` _____________________________________ Original Word: προσέχω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: prosechó Phonetic Spelling: (pros-ekh'-o) Definition: to hold to, turn to, attend to Usage: (a) I attend to, pay attention to, (b) I beware, am cautious, (c) I join, devote myself to. 4337 proséxō (from 4314 /prós, "towards" and 2192 /éxō, "have") – properly, have towards, i.e. to give full attention; to set a course and keep to it. prothetic (not comparable) (linguistics) of, relating to, or involving prothesis (phonology, of an instance of a phoneme) attached to the beginning of a word. _____________________________________ From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“a preposing”), from προτίθημι (“I prepose”), from πρό (“before”) + τίθημι (“I place”) from Proto-Indo-European *pro + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”). Late Latin prothesis, prosthesis, alteration (dropping the ‘s’) from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition, augmentation”),[1][2][3] (English prosthesis) from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”). However, often confused for a descendant of the Ancient Greek word πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing, preposition”) (without the σ (s)), which is instead the source of a different term – see alternative etymology, below. _____________________________________ ``` σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim ``` From σκέπτομαι (“I observe”). Original Word: σκοπός, οῦ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: skopos Phonetic Spelling: (skop-os') Definition: a watchman, a mark (on which to fix the eye) Usage: a watcher; a goal, a mark aimed at. HELPS Word-studies 4649 skopós (the root of the English term, "scope," like the zoom-scope on a rifle to hit the target) – properly, the "end-marker" of a foot-race; (figuratively) the final objective (destination) in the faith-life, i.e. the unique glorification the Lord awards to each believer at His return (cf. Phil 3:11,14). 4649 /skopós ("end-marker") is only used in Phil 3:14. [4649 (skopós) represents the "end-marker" ("goal") in the race of faith (so TDNT/Kittel.]

Answer 27

ONE WHO SEES Noun WHAT IS SEEN - WHERE ITS SEEN θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine) Noun one who sees or goes to see. spectator, member of the audience in the theater. one who contemplates. From θεάομαι (“to gaze at”) +‎ -της (masculine agent noun suffix) θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές) Noun ("spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker") ————————————— ``` θεωρέω • (theōréō) I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize ``` -έω • (-éō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os). ————————————— θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry From θεωρέω (theōréō, “to look at; to consider, contemplate”) +‎ -μα (-ma). -μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action ————————————- ``` θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation ``` From θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). -ῐ́ᾱ • (-íā) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension Added to stems of adjectives, rarely to the stems of verbs, and even more rarely to the stems of nouns, to form feminine abstract nouns ————————————— θεωρητικός • (theoritikós) m (feminine θεωρητική, neuter θεωρητικό) theoretical, abstract hypothetical, imaginary (as a noun) theorist, theoretician _______________________________ ``` θεατός • (theatós) m ( θεατή - feminine θεατό - neuter Adjective ("visible, in sight, seen") η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon) ``` _____________________________ θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension Noun ("theatre, gathering place") ("play, spectacle") ———————————— θεωρούμαι • (theoroúmai) passive (past θεωρήθηκα, active θεωρώ) Passive Verb (“to be considered”) Polytonic spelling: θεωροῦμαι (theōroûmai) θωρούσα • (thoroúsa) 1st person singular imperfect form of θωρώ (thoró). ———————————— ``` θεωρώ • (theoró) (past θεώρησα, passive θεωρούμαι) consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω (nomízo) scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω (eléncho) validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω (epikyróno) examine (a text to make corrections.) ``` ———————————— θεωρείο • (theoreío) n (plural θεωρεία) box, loge, gallery at a theatre, concert hall, parliament τιμή εισιτηρίου για πλατεία, εξώστη, θεωρείο timí eisitiríou gia plateía, exósti, theoreío price of ticket for stalls, balcony, box θεωρός (theorós, “spectator”) +‎ -είο (-eío, “place denomination”) -είο • (-eío) n added to a noun to denote a relationship with a place, building, etc ‎ιατρός (iatrós, “doctor”) + ‎-είο (-eío) → ‎ιατρείο (iatreío, “doctor's surgery”) νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”) + ‎τάφος (táfos, “grave”) + ‎-είο (-eío) → ‎νεκροταφείο (nekrotafeío, “cemetery”) έλαιο (élaio, “oil”) + ‎τρίβω (trívo, “to grind”) + ‎-είο (-eío) → ‎ελαιοτριβείο (elaiotriveío, “olive press”) άρτος (ártos, “bread”) + ‎πωλώ (poló, “to sell”) + ‎-είο (-eío) → ‎αρτοπωλείο (artopoleío, “bread shop”) ———————————— θεωρία • (theoría) f Noun theory contemplation ———————————— Adjective θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό) visible, in sight, seen η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης ― i theatí plevrá tis Selínis ― the visible side of the moon θεατή (feminine) of the spectator, in the nominative, the causal and the vocative of the singular θεατοί (plural) spectators spectator, in the nominative and the accusative plural ———————————— ``` θεωρητικός • (theoritikós) m (feminine θεωρητική, neuter θεωρητικό) Adjective theoretical, abstract hypothetical, imaginary (as a noun) theorist, theoretician ``` ———————————— Adverb θεατρικά • (theatriká) theatrically Antonym: αντιθεατρικά (antitheatriká) ``` _____________________________ declension of θεατός Synonyms ορατός (oratós) ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό) ("visible, in sight, seen") ``` Related terms θέατρο n (“theatre”) αθέατος (“invisible”) adjective ``` θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) Noun theatre (UK), theater (US) theatre building, audience Όλο το θέατρο χειροκρότησε δυνατά.― The whole theatre applauded loudly. θέατρο σκιών ― théatro skión ― shadow theatre dramatic art theatre of war. ``` αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο) Adjective invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen. η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon)

Answer 28

EXAMINE - CONSIDER - LOOK OVER Verb ``` θεωρώ • (theoró) ( θεώρησα - simple past θεωρούμαι - passive Verb consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω examine a text to make corrections. ``` From Ancient Greek θεωρῶ (theōrô). Doublet of θωρώ (thoró). For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”). For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”). Conjugation θωρώ • (thoró) Verb (vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over Πῶς μᾶς θωρεῖς ἀκίνητος;... Ποῦ τρέχει ὁ λογισμός σου Pós mas thoreís akínitos?… Poú tréchei o logismós sou How do you gaze upon us, still... And where your thoughts are drifting literal: How do you gaze upon us, immobile... Where is your thinking running to? ________________________ ``` θεωρέω • (theōréō) Verb I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize. ``` ______________________________ ``` θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension Noun sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry. ``` Latin: theōrēma n (genitive theōrēmatis); third declension Noun ("a theorem, a proposition to be proved") From Ancient Greek θεώρημα (theṓrēma, “speculation, proposition to be proved”) (Euclid), From θεωρέω (“I look at, view, consider, examine”) From θεωρός (“spectator”) From θέα (“a view”) + ὁράω (“I see, look”). From θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension Noun ("view, sight") ``` θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review. ``` ``` θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n θαύμᾰτος - genitive Noun a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment. From the root of θεάομαι (“to wonder at, gaze at”) +‎ -μᾰ (-inchoate noun of becoming). ``` ``` θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) Verb (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired. ``` Pronunciation IPA /tʰau̯.máz.dɔː/ → /θaβˈma.zo/ → /θavˈma.zo/ From θαῦμα (“wonder, marvel”) +‎ -άζω (denominative verb suffix). IPA(key): /tʰâu̯.ma/ → /ˈθaβ.ma/ → /ˈθav.ma/ θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension Adjective ("Wonderful, marvellous, Admirable") θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό) Adjective admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid (archaic) brave (splendid) θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― thavmastós kainoúrios kósmos ― brave new world From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) +‎ -τος (adjective suffix). __________________________ SUFFIX -μα • (-ma) n added to a verb form to create gerund and action nouns: ‎καπνίζω (“to smoke”) + ‎-μα → ‎κάπνισμα (“smoking”) ‎ζεσταίνω (“to heat up”) + ‎-μα → ‎ζέσταμα (“warming up”) ‎τελειώνω (“to end”) + ‎-μα → ‎τελείωμα (“ending”) ‎ανοίγω ("to open”) + ‎-μα → ‎άνοιγμα (“opening”) -μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action: γράφω (“write”) → γράμμα (“that which is written”) σχίζω (“divide”) → σχίσμα (“that which is divided”) ἀθλέω (“compete”) → ἄθλημα (“a contest”) ἀθύρω (“play”) → ἄθυρμα (“a toy”) _______________________________ ``` ἀναθεωρέω (anatheōréō) ἀποθεωρέω (apotheōréō) διαθεωρέω (diatheōréō) ἐνθεωρέω (entheōréō) ἐπιθεωρέω (epitheōréō) θεώρημα (theṓrēma) θεώρησις (theṓrēsis) θεωρητικός (theōrētikós) θεωρητός (theōrētós) καταθεωρέω (katatheōréō) παραθεωρέω (paratheōréō) περιθεωρέω (peritheōréō) προαποθεωρέω (proapotheōréō) προεπιθεωρέω (proepitheōréō) προθεωρέω (protheōréō) προσθεωρέω (prostheōréō) συνεπιθεωρέω (sunepitheōréō) συνθεωρέω (suntheōréō) ὑποθεωρέω (hupotheōréō) ``` ______________________________ ``` θεωρεῖον - place for seeing θεωρέω - to be a θεώρημα - sight, spectacle θεωρηματικός - to be interpreted as seen θεωρημάτιον - [unavailable] θεωρήμων - contemplative θεώρησις - viewing θεωρητέον - one must consider, investigate θεωρητήριον - seat in a theatre θεωρητής - spectator θεωρητικός - able to perceive θεωρητός - that may be seen θεώρητρα - presents made by the bridegroom θεωρία - sending of θεωρικός - of θεώριος - box θεωρίς - sacred ship, which carried the θεωροδοκέω - act as θεωροδοκία - office of θεωρόδοκος - one who receives the θεωρός - envoy sent to consult an oracle θεωροσύνη - [unavailable] ```

Answer 29

I VIEW - CONTEMPLATE Verb OBSERVE ``` θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb (middle passive) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review ```

Answer 30

GAZE - LOOK OVER - EXAMINE θωρώ • (thoró) (vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over Πῶς μᾶς θωρεῖς ἀκίνητος;... Ποῦ τρέχει ὁ λογισμός σου Pós mas thoreís akínitos?… Poú tréchei o logismós sou How do you gaze upon us, still... And where your thoughts are drifting literal: How do you gaze upon us, immobile... Where is your thinking running to? Poem by Aristotelis Valaoritis (1824-1879) Related terms[edit] θωριά (thoriá) (vernacular, poetic) ``` θεωρέω • (theōréō) I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize ``` θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension spectator envoy sent to consult an oracle ————————— From θέᾱ (théā, “sight”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”). Although with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”). Etymology For *θάϝᾱ, from the root of θεάομαι (theáomai) and θαῦμα (thaûma). Noun[edit] θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension view, sight ————————— θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment From the root of θεάομαι (theáomai, “to wonder at, gaze at”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). ``` θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired ``` From θαῦμα (thaûma, “wonder, marvel”) +‎ -άζω (-ázō, denominative verb suffix). ———————- Etymology From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) +‎ -τος (-tos, adjective suffix). Pronunciation IPA(key): /tʰau̯.mas.tós/ → /θaβ.masˈtos/ → /θav.masˈtos/ Adjective[edit] θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension Wonderful, marvellous Admirable From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) +‎ -τος (-tos, adjective suffix). —————————— Adjective θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό) Adjective admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid (archaic) brave (splendid) θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― thavmastós kainoúrios kósmos ― brave new world ———————- θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review Of the mind, contemplate. To View, as in spectators, esp. in the theatre, ———————- θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine) Noun one who sees or goes to see spectator, member of the audience in the theater one who contemplates θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές) Noun spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker θεάομαι (theáomai, “to gaze at”) +‎ -της (-tēs, masculine agent noun suffix) ————————- θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό) visible, in sight, seen η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon) ———————- θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) theatre (UK), theater (US) theatre building, audience Όλο το θέατρο χειροκρότησε δυνατά. ― Ólo to théatro cheirokrótise dynatá. ― The whole theatre applauded loudly. θέατρο σκιών ― théatro skión ― shadow theatre dramatic art theatre of war ———————- αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο) invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon) ———————- αθεάτριστος • (atheátristos) m (feminine αθεάτριστη, neuter αθεάτριστο) Adjective not theatregoing, ignorant of the theatre, untheatrical ———————- θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension theatre, gathering place play, spectacle From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to view”) +‎ -τρον (-instrument noun). -τρον • (-tron) n (genitive -τρου); second declension Forms instrument nouns. *(é)-trom n Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument. ——————— ``` Derived terms ἀναθεωρέω (anatheōréō) ἀποθεωρέω (apotheōréō) διαθεωρέω (diatheōréō) ἐνθεωρέω (entheōréō) ἐπιθεωρέω (epitheōréō) θεώρημα (theṓrēma) θεώρησις (theṓrēsis) θεωρητικός (theōrētikós) θεωρητός (theōrētós) καταθεωρέω (katatheōréō) παραθεωρέω (paratheōréō) περιθεωρέω (peritheōréō) προαποθεωρέω (proapotheōréō) προεπιθεωρέω (proepitheōréō) προθεωρέω (protheōréō) προσθεωρέω (prostheōréō) συνεπιθεωρέω (sunepitheōréō) συνθεωρέω (suntheōréō) ὑποθεωρέω (hupotheōréō) ``` ``` ἀναθαυμάζω (anathaumázō) ἀποθαυμάζω (apothaumázō) ἐκθαυμάζω (ekthaumázō) ἐπιθαυμάζω (epithaumázō) θαυμαστός (thaumastós) προσθαυμάζω (prosthaumázō) συνθαυμάζω (sunthaumázō) ὑπερθαυμάζω (huperthaumázō) ``` ``` Synonyms[edit] ορατός (oratós) Related terms[edit] θέατρο n (théatro, “theatre”) αθέατος (athéatos, “invisible”) ``` αθέατος (athéatos, “invisible”) αθεάτριστος (atheátristos, “not theatre going”) θέα (théa, “view”) θεατός (theatós, “visible”)

Answer 31

JUDGE - DISCERN ῐ̔́στωρ • (hístōr) m (genitive ῐ̔́στορος); third declension one who knows law and right, judge witness a wise man From Proto-Hellenic *wístōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr (“knower, wise person”), from *weyd- (“to see”). ῐ̔στορέω • (historéō) to inquire, ask (of someone, or regarding someone/something) to examine, observe to record, give an account of what one has learned ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry written account of such inquiries, narrative, history From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “I inquire”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”). ιστορίαν (istorían) f history From Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía), related to Greek ιστορία (istoría). ιστορία • (istoría) f (plural ιστορίες) history story love affair ανιστόρητος (anistóritos, “unhistorical”) ιστορικά (istoriká, “historically”) ιστορικό n (istorikó, “history, event log”) ιστορικός (istorikós, “historical”, adjective) ιστορικός c (istorikós, “historian”) ιστορικώς (istorikós, “historically”) ιστορικό • (istorikó) n (plural ιστορικά) Noun (historical) time-line, history, event log (medicine) medical records, case history see: ιστορία ("academic subject, study of history") ``` From Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr (“knower, wise person”) *wéydtōr m one who has seen, one who knows From *weyd- +‎ *-tōr. Root *weyd- (stative) to see ``` From Proto-Indo-European/ weyd- *wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative) *widónts (“seeing”) *wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”) Cognates Ancient Greek: εἶδον (to see, examine, investigate)

Answer 32

DOWNLOAD - INSTALLMENT- UPDATE SOFTWARE λήψη απόφασης decision-making λήψης Receive - reception λήψη download what they receive , capture , acceptance taking the dose the energy of reception, parsing , acceptance ( sequentially ) capture video , audio or other signal the reception of the television signal is good

Answer 33

SEARCH - INVESTIGATE - ASK - REQUEST ψάχνω ερευνώ ζητώ γυρεύω ψάχνω • (psáchno) (simple past έψαξα, passive ψάχνομαι) look for, hunt for, search, rummage. and see the passive → ψάχνομαι ``` Synonyms ζητώ (zitó) γυρεύω (gyrévo) ερευνώ (erevnó) Related terms[edit] άψαχτος (ápsachtos) ψάξιμο n (psáximo, “search”) ψαχούλεμα n (psachoúlema) ψαχουλεύω (psachoulévo) ``` ψάχνομαι • (psáchnomai) passive (simple past ψάχτηκα, active ψάχνω) Verb I am searched for I am searched (idiomatic, colloquial, only in the passive) I wonder and research ————————————————— ``` Similar Words καθετήρας noun common kathetíras catheter, probe ματιά noun common matiá eyes, look, glance, glimpse, ogle λεπτομερής έλεγχος noun uncommon leptomerís élenchos scrutiny εξερεύνηση noun uncommon exerévnisi exploration ανιχνευτής noun uncommon anichnef̱tí̱s detector, tracker, scout, sleuth κυνηγητό noun uncommon kynigitó chase κυνήγι noun uncommon kynígi hunting, hunt, chase, shoot, shooting σάρωση noun uncommon sárosi scan έρευνα noun uncommon érev̱na research, investigation, inquiry, search, rummage βοσκή noun uncommon voskí pasture, pasturage, forage ``` —————————————————- ερευνώ From Ancient Greek ἔρευνα (“inquiry”). IPA(key): /ˈɛ.ɾɛv.na/ ερευνητής • (erevnitís) m (plural ερευνητές, feminine ερευνήτρια) Noun research worker, researcher searcher, detective ερευνήτρια • (erevnítria) f (plural ερευνήτριες, masculine ερευνητής) Noun research worker, researcher searcher, detective ``` Synonyms[edit] αναζητώ (anazitó) γυρεύω (gyrévo) ζητώ (zitó) ψάχνω (psáchno) ``` ——————————————- ``` εἴρω • (eírō) Verb to say, speak, tell From Proto-Hellenic *wéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *wéryeti, ye- present from the root *werh₁- (“to speak”). ``` ``` εἴρω • (eírō) Verb I tie, join, fasten, string together I insert From Proto-Hellenic *héřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”). ``` ἐρέω • (eréō) Verb Epic and Ionic form of ἔρομαι (éromai, “ask”) ἐρέω • (eréō) Verb first-person singular future active indicative uncontracted of εἴρω (eírō) and λέγω (légō) ἔρομαι • (éromai) Verb to ask Akin to Old Norse raun (“trial, experience”). ερευνώ (erevnó, “to research, to search”) ερευνητής m (erevnitís, “research worker”) ερευνήτρια f (erevnítria, “research worker”) —————————————————- εἴρων • (eírōn) m (genitive εἴρωνος); third declension One who says less than they think, dissembler, pretender. Perhaps related to εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”) or ἔρομαι (éromai, “I ask”). εἰρωνείᾱ • (eirōneíā) f (genitive εἰρωνείᾱς); first declension Noun hypocrisy, deception, especially a feigned ignorance An assumed appearance, pretext From εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). IRONY Latin - ironia ironia f (diminutive ironijka) irony IRONY - from εἴρων From Middle French ironie, from Old French, from Latin īrōnīa, from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía, “irony, pretext”), from εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”). irony (countable and uncountable, plural ironies) A statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.[1] Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play. Ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist; Socratic irony. The state of two usually unrelated entities, parties, actions, etc. being related through a common connection in an uncommon way. (informal)[2][3] Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected. [from the 1640s] Suffix -ῐ́ᾱ • (-íā) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension Added to stems of adjectives, or rarely to the stems of verbs, to form feminine abstract nouns ———————————————— SAY - SPEAK ``` Derived terms ἄρρητος (árrhētos) εἴρων (eírōn) (possibly) ῥῆμα (rhêma) ῥητήρ (rhētḗr) ῥητός (rhētós) ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr) ``` ``` (say, speak): ἀγορεύω (agoreúō), εἶπον (eîpon), λέγω (légō), φημί (phēmí) ``` ———————————————- ῥήτωρ • (rhḗtōr) m (genitive ῥήτορος); third declension orator, public speaker politician, statesman attorney, court advocate judge rhetorician From εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”). Consists of ῥή- (rhḗ-) +‎ -τωρ (-tōr). Suffix -τωρ • (-tōr) m (genitive -τορος); third declension Used to form agent nouns δώτωρ (dṓtōr, “a giver”), from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”) From εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”). Consists of ῥή- (rhḗ-) +‎ -τωρ (-tōr). Latin - rhētor m (genitive rhētoris); third declension teacher of rhetoric. (derogatory) orator, rhetorician. rhetorician (plural rhetoricians) An expert or student of rhetoric. Themistocles was a rhetorician. An orator or eloquent public speaker. rhetoric (countable and uncountable, plural rhetorics) The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade. Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress. from ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speech”), from ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”). ῥητορῐκός • (rhētorikós) m (feminine ῥητορῐκή, neuter ῥητορῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective concerning public speaking or oration, rhetorical From ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós) ————————————————— ``` ζητέω • (zētéō) Verb to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish ``` δίζημαι • (dízēmai) (chiefly Epic) to seek out, look for Could be from unattested *ζᾱτός, from the same root of δίζημαι (dízēmai, “I seek”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂, *dyeh₂. See also ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal”) and ζημία (zēmía, “damage, loss”). ``` αναζητώ • (anazitó) (simple past αναζήτησα, passive αναζητούμαι, αναζητιέμαι) Verb look for, seek, search for rummage pursue long for ``` αναζήτηση f (anazítisi, “hunt, pursuit”) ανα- (ana-, “re-”) +‎ ζητώ (zitó, “look for”) ζητώ • (zitó) (simple past ζήτησα, passive ζητούμαι) Alternative form of ζητάω (zitáo) ζητάω • (zitáo) (simple past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι) (formal) ask for, request Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό. ― Zítisa éna potíri neró. ― I asked for a glass of water. Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι' αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας». Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi' aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas». I am looking for a nice job, so I've posted an advertisemnt: «Requesting position as secretary.» Ζητώ συγχώρεση. ― Zitó synchóresi. ― I ask for forgiveness. seek, look for Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση. Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi. I'm looking for a used car in good condition. (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει. Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei. We're selling lots of umbrelas. The are in demand whenever it rains. The verb conjugates in two ways: the usual -άω/ώ, -άς, -ά passive -ιέμαι (Class A of 2nd Conjugation) and the more formal -ώ, -είς, -εί, passive -ούμαι (Class B of 2nd Conjugation) which is used in phrases like: Ζητώ εργασία ― Zitó ergasía ― I seek a position (job) Ζητείται υπάλληλος ― Ziteítai ypállilos ― A clerk is sought Ποιος τον ζητεί; ― Poios ton ziteí? ― on the phone: Who is calling (is asking for him)? συζητώ • (syzitó) (simple past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι, συζητούμαι) Verb discuss, debate, talk over συζητιέται (syzitiétai, “to be heard”) συζητάω • (syzitáo) (simple past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι, συζητούμαι) Verb Alternative form of συζητώ (syzitó) ζήτημα • (zítima) n matter, issue question, subject, issue ζήτηση • (zítisi) f (plural ζητήσεις) Noun call, demand, requirement ζητιάνος • (zitiános) m (plural ζητιάνοι) Noun masculine male beggar ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion quotations ▼ (with genitive) zeal for one quotations ▼ (with genitive) quotations ▼ (passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory quotations ▼ (of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness quotations ▼ ζήλος • (zílos) m zeal θρησκευτικός ζήλος ― religious zeal. αντιζηλία f (antizilía) αντίζηλος (antízilos) αξιοζήλευτος (axiozíleftos, “enviable”, adjective) επίζηλος (epízilos, “very desired”) ζηλαδέρφι n (ziladérfi) (colloquial) ζηλεμένος (zileménos, “desired, envied”, participle) ζηλευτός (zileftós, “wanted, desired”, adjective) ζηλεύω (zilévo, “envy, I am jealous”) ζήλια f (zília, “jealousy”) ζηλιάρης m (ziliáris, “jealous male”) ζηλιάρα f (ziliára, “jealous female”) ζηλιάρικος (ziliárikos, “jealous”, adjective) ζηλιαρόγατος m (ziliarógatos, “very jealous”) ζηλιαρόγατα f (ziliarógata) (idiomatic, literally: a jealous cat) ζηλοτυπία f (zilotypía, “jealousy - romantic and sexual context only”) ζηλότυπος (zilótypos, “jealous - romantic and sexual context only”, adjective) ζηλόφθονος (zilófthonos, “envious”) ζηλοφθονώ (zilofthonó, “envy”) ζηλώ (ziló, “desire, envy”) (ironic) ζηλωτής m (zilotís, “zealot”) κακόζηλος (kakózilos, “badly imitating”, adjective) (of text or speech) περίζηλος (perízilos, “very desired”). ζηλευτός • (zileftós) m (feminine ζηλευτή, neuter ζηλευτό) enviable, coveted (desired by virtue of good qualities) Επειδή ήταν ζηλευτό προϊόν, δεν έμεινε στο κατάστημα πολύ ώρα. ― Epeidí ítan zileftó proïón, den émeine sto katástima polý óra. ― Since it was a desired product, it didn't stay for long in the store. ζηλεύω (zilévo, “to be jealous, to be envious”) +‎ -τος (-adjective). αξιοζήλευτος • (axiozíleftos) m (feminine αξιοζήλευτη, neuter αξιοζήλευτο) Adjective enviable (arousing or likely to arouse envy) quotations ▼ Τι τυχερός που ήταν, να τον προσλάβουν σ' αυτή την αξιοζήλευτη δουλειά! ― Ti tycherós pou ítan, na ton proslávoun s' aftí tin axiozílefti douleiá! ― How lucky was he, to be hired for that enviable job! αξιο- (axio-, “worthy of”) +‎ ζηλεύω (zilévo, “to be jealous”) +‎ -τος (-tos) ζήλια f (zília, “envy”) ζηλιάρης • (ziliáris) m (feminine ζηλιάρα, neuter ζηλιάρικο) Adjective envious, jealous, possessive ζηλότῠπος • (zēlótupos) m or f (neuter ζηλότῠπον); second declension jealous eager From ζῆλος (zêlos, “jealous”) +‎ τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow”) ζηλεύω • (zilévo) (simple past ζήλεψα, passive ζηλεύομαι) Verb (transitive, intransitive) envy, be jealous/envious (to feel resent or wonder at someone for a perceived advantage, material or not) Τι ωραίο αμάξι που έχεις, ζηλεύω! ― Ti oraío amáxi pou écheis, zilévo! ― What a nice car you have, I'm jealous! Τον ζηλεύω για τα λεφτά και την ωραία οικογένειά του. ― Ton zilévo gia ta leftá kai tin oraía oikogéneiá tou. ― I'm jealous of his money and his lovely family. (transitive, more specifically) be jealous, suspect (to be suspecting rivalry in love; to be suspicious of a lover or spouse's fidelity) quotations ▼ Ζηλεύει τη γυναίκα του και φοβάται να την αφήσει μόνη τους πουθενά. Zilévei ti gynaíka tou kai fovátai na tin afísei móni tous pouthená. He suspects his wife (of cheating) and won't let her go anywhere alone. ``` ζηλόω • (zēlóō) Vrrb I emulate I am jealous From ζῆλος (zêlos) +‎ -όω (-óō). -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ``` Synonyms[edit] (envy): φθονώ (fthonó), εποφθαλμιώ (epofthalmió), ζηλοτυπώ (zilotypó) (romantic and sexual context only) —————————————————— γυρεύω • (gyrévo) (simple past γύρεψα) rare passive: γυρεύομαι[1] Verb (informal) look for, want Inherited from Mediaeval Byzantine Greek γυρεύω, from Hellenistic Koine Greek γῡρεύω (gūreúō, “run round in a circle”) from the ancient γῦρος (gûros, “ring, cirgle”) γύρος m (gýros, “round, perimeter”) ——- ——— FROM GYROSCOPE Suffix *(Ø)-rós Forms adjectives from Caland system roots. γῦρος • (gûros) m (genitive γῡ́ρου); second declension ring, circle Latin - gȳrus m (genitive gȳrī); second declension circle a circular motion a circuit, course, ring (by extension) place where horses are trained γύρος • (gýros) m (plural γύροι)[5] round, perimeter, rim quotations ▼ Synonyms: περίμετρος (perímetros), περιφέρεια (periféreia) Expression: κάνω (káno) + accusative: κάνω το γύρο (káno to gýro, “make the round, go around”) brim (of a hat) quotations ▼ bout, round, movement on a circle quotations ▼ «Ο γύρος του κόσμου σε ογδόντα ημέρες», μυθιστόρημα του Ιουλίου Βερν. «O gýros tou kósmou se ogdónta iméres», mythistórima tou Ioulíou Vern. «Around the World in Eighty Days», novel by Jules Verne. a walk or stroll Πάμε ένα γύρο στην πλατεία να δούμε τα παιδιά; Páme éna gýro stin plateía na doúme ta paidiá? Shall we go for a stroll to the square to see the guys? Alternative form, feminine: γύρα (gýra) (colloquial) bypass, detour, diversion from main route Γίνονται έργα στη λεωφόρο και κάναμε ολόκληρο γύρο για να φτάσουμε. Gínontai érga sti leofóro kai káname olókliro gýro gia na ftásoume. There's construction at the avenue, so we made a long detour to get there. spread (of news) Η είδηση του θανάτου της έκανε το γύρο του κόσμου. I eídisi tou thanátou tis ékane to gýro tou kósmou. The news of her death made international headlines. Literally: made the tour of the world.) lap, round, tour (sport, game, elections) προκριματικός γύρος - δεύτερος γύρος ― prokrimatikós gýros - défteros gýros ― preliminary round - second round tour, turn (work) From Koine Greek γῦρος (gûros, “rounding, circle”), substantivized from Ancient Greek γῡρός (gūrós, “round”)[1], from Proto-Hellenic *gūrós[2], possibly from Proto-Indo-European *guH-ró-s, from *geHu- (“to bend, curve”) +‎ *-rós.[3][4] Possible cognate with Sanskrit गोल (gola, “circle”). —————————————————————

Answer 34

COMPREHEND Com-Pre-Hend ``` Thought Think Understand Cognition Mental ``` ——————————————- LATIN *hendō (present infinitive *hendere, perfect active *hendī, supine *hēnsum); third conjugation (“I hold”) Latin - prehendō prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehēnsum); third conjugation I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of I take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp. Latin praeda f (genitive praedae); first declension plunder, spoils of war, booty prey, game taken in the hunt gain, profit From prae- (“before”) +‎ *hendō (“I take, seize”) From Ancient Greek χανδάνω (“hold, contain”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find, hold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to hold”), English get (from Old Norse geta). hedera f (genitive hederae); first declension (“ivy”) hedera (plural hederas) (horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera. From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”) the same source as Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to get, grasp”). χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic) (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). *gʰed- (“to find, to hold”) ———————————————- ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment) ``` (of emotions) I seize (of a god) I possess ``` (of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand ``` ``` (logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit ``` ``` (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure I check myself ``` ——————————————- εννοώ • (ennoó) (past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι) Verb mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course. from εν- (“in”) +‎ νοώ (“think, understand”). κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) Verb understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words. ``` έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) Noun concept, meaning, essential features. From Ancient Greek ἔννοια. Mophologically from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (“mind”). ``` From ἐννοέω (‘to consider, reflect upon”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun). ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension Noun the act of thinking, thought, consideration a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence. From Ancient Greek νοῦς (“mind, reason, understanding”). νους • (nous) m (plural νόες) Noun mind, brains ``` κοινός νους • (koinós nous) m (uncountable) Noun common sense Declension[edit] see: κοινός (koinós) and νους (nous) ``` κοινή λογική • (koiní logikí) f (uncountable) Noun common sense

Answer 35

I SPIN - A THREAD Verb νέω • (néō) Verb I spin. I weave a thread. From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- *(s)neh₁- ("to spin (thread), to sew") _____________________________ LATIN neō (present infinitive nēre, perfect active nēvī, supine nētum); second conjugation VERB (transitive) I spin; weave, interlace, entwine. From Proto-Italic *nēō from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- From Latin - nētus (feminine nēta, neuter nētum); first/second-declension participle Participle ("woven") __________________________________ SANSKRIT sutra (n.) in Buddhism, "series of aphorisms" concerning ceremonies, rites, and conduct, 1801, from Sanskrit sutram "rule," literally "string, thread" (as a measure of straightness), from sivyati "sew," from PIE root *syu- "to bind, sew." Applied also to rules of grammar, law, philosophy, etc., along with their commentaries. *syu- syū-, also sū:-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to bind, sew." It forms all or part of: accouter; couture; hymen; Kama Sutra; seam; sew; souter; souvlaki; sutra; sutile; suture. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sivyati "sews," sutram "thread, string;" Greek hymen "thin skin, membrane," hymnos "song;" Latin suere "to sew, sew together;" Old Church Slavonic šijo "to sew," šivu "seam;" Lettish siuviu, siuti "to sew," siuvikis "tailor;" Russian švec "tailor;" Old English siwian "to stitch, sew, mend, patch, knit together."

Answer 36

MIND ``` νέω νοώ νοητό νόμος νέα γνῶ ιδέα γιγνώσκω / γινώσκω and οἶδα are nearly interchangeable ἵστημι ιδιο γυμνός λήψη θέλω σημασία ευφυής ``` ————————————- νοέω ``` νοῶ νοητός νοητή νοητό νοημοσύνη ``` κατανοητός κατανοητή κατανοητό νόημα νοήματα ————————————- γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension inquiry knowledge fame ————————————-

Answer 37

NEW - YOUNG - FRESH - NEWS Adverb From Ancient Greek νέος (“young”) Adverb new, young, novel, fresh, modern, juvenile. from Proto-Hellenic from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. *néwos New From Middle English newe, from Old English nīwe, nēowe (“new”), from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz (“new, fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos (“new”). Compare also Old English nū (“now”). More at now. Old English - nū Adverb nū now ____________________________________ ``` From Latin - nūdus (feminine nūda, neuter nūdum); first/second declension unclothed, nude, naked stripped, deprived, destitute poor, needy bare, simple, pure unadorned ``` From Proto-Italic *nogʷedos, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷedós, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós. Cognates include Ancient Greek γυμνός (“naked”), Sanskrit नग्न (nagna), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬕𐬥𐬀‎ (maġna), Old Armenian մերկ (merk) and Old English nacod (whence English naked). __________________________________ ``` γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension Adjective naked, unclad unarmed, without armor, defenseless bare, uncovered stripped, destitute lightly clad mere. ``` ___________________________________________ NOW now (adv.) Old English nu "now, at present, immediately; now that," also used as an interjection and as an introductory word; common Germanic (Old Norse nu, Dutch nu, Old Frisian nu, German nun, Gothic nu "now"), from PIE *nu "now" (source also of Sanskrit and Avestan nu, Old Persian nuram, Hittite nuwa, Greek nu, nun, Latin nunc, Old Church Slavonic nyne, Lithuanian nū, Old Irish nu-). Perhaps originally "newly, recently," and related to the root of new. hic et nunc Latin, literally "here and now," from demonstrative pronominal adjective of place hic "this, here" + nunc "now" (see now). ``` νυν • (nyn) now, currently. Synonyms τώρα (tóra) Derived terms νυν και αεί (“now and forever”) ``` τώρα • (tóra) now. ________________________________________ NEW new (adj.) Old English neowe, niowe, earlier niwe "new, fresh, recent, novel, unheard-of, different from the old; untried, inexperienced," from Proto-Germanic *neuja- source also of Old Saxon niuwi, Old Frisian nie, Middle Dutch nieuwe, Dutch nieuw, Old High German niuwl, German neu, Danish and Swedish ny, Gothic niujis "new"), from PIE *newo- "new" source also of Sanskrit navah, Persian nau, Hittite newash, Greek neos, Lithuanian naujas, Old Church Slavonic novu, Russian novyi, Latin novus, Old Irish nue, Welsh newydd "new"). ``` LATIN - Novus novus (feminine nova, neuter novum); first/second declension new 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ecclesiastes.1.10: nihil sub sole novum there is nothing new under the sun fresh, young recent unusual, extraordinary. ``` From Proto-Italic *nowos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. Cognates include Old English nīwe (English new), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), and Sanskrit नव (náva). Proto-Italic *nowos fails to become Latin *nuus due to specific conditions in the development of Latin, namely -o-(w)- being in the first syllable, whereas *dē nowōd (“anew”) became dēnuō.

Answer 38

TO CONCEIVE Verb ``` νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean. ``` A distinction is typically made between... simply seeing (εἴδω) and... seeing 'accompanied by' mental perception (νοέω) νοέω combines symbolic concept with object perceived. ______________________________________ ``` νοέω νοητός κατανοητός κατανόηση διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) διχονοέω (dikhonoéō) ``` δυσνοέω (to be ill-affected) ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) ἐπινοέω (have on one's mind, have in one's mind, intend, purpose) εὐνοέω (to have kind thoughts, be well affected, or kindly disposed towards, make friends.) κατανοέω (to consider attentively, fix one's eyes or mind upon) μετανοέω (metanoéō) to change ones mind. νόημα (nóēma) sense, meaning, instance of thought, becoming a thought. νόησις (nóēsis) abstract noun, process of thinking as object. νοητικός (noētikós) Adj. - (a “thinking” man) παρανοέω (paranoéō) (“think it through on all sides”) προνοέω (pronoéō) prior thought ὑπονοέω (huponoéō) conjecture, suppose. ``` Original Word: ὑπονοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: huponoeó Phonetic Spelling: (hoop-on-o-eh'-o) Definition: to suspect, conjecture Usage: I conjecture, suppose, suspect, deem. ``` νοημοσύνη: intelligence ______________________________________ From Ancient Greek νοητός (noētós) from Ancient Greek νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think out”). νοητός • (noïtós) masculine νοητή - feminine νοητό - neuter (formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind) From νοητός (“conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) +‎ -τῐκός (“verbal adjective suffix”). Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι' αυτήν. It's inconceivable for you to risk your life for her. νοητός άξονας της Γης. the Earth's imaginary axis. ``` νοητός • (noïtós) m νοητή - feminine νοητό - neuter Noun / Adjective (formal) ("conceivable, perceptible") ("intelligible, comprehensible") ("able to be imagined in the mind") ``` Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι' αυτήν. ― It's inconceivable for you to risk your life for her. (formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind) ο νοητός άξονας της Γης ― the Earth's imaginary axis _______________________________________ κατανοητός • (katanoïtós) m (feminine κατανοητή, neuter κατανοητό) Adjective ("understandable, comprehensible") κατανόηση • (katanóisi) f κατανόησεις - plural Noun ("comprehension, understanding") ______________________________________ νοημοσύνη Noun ("intelligence") ``` νόημα • (nóima) n () νοήματα: plural Noun ("sense, meaning") gesture _______________________________________ PERCEIVE ``` percept (n.) 1837, from Latin perceptum "(a thing) perceived," noun use of neuter past participle of percipere (see perceive). Formed on model of concept. perceive (v.) c. 1300, via Anglo-French parceif, Old North French *perceivre (Old French perçoivre) "perceive, notice, see; recognize, understand," from Latin percipere "obtain, gather, seize entirely, take possession of," also, figuratively, "to grasp with the mind, learn, comprehend," literally "to take entirely," from per "thoroughly" + capere "to grasp, take," from PIE root *kap- "to grasp." Replaced Old English ongietan. Both the Latin senses were in Old French, though the primary sense of Modern French percevoir is literal, "to receive, collect" (rents, taxes, etc.), while English uses the word almost always in the metaphorical sense. Related: Perceived; perceiving. *per- (1) Proto-Indo-European root forming prepositions, etc., meaning "forward," and, by extension, "in front of, before, first, chief, toward, near, against," etc. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit pari "around, about, through," Sanskrit parah "farther, remote, ulterior," Sanskrit pura "formerly, before," Sanskrit pra- "before, forward, forth;" Avestan pairi- "around," paro "before;" Hittite para "outside of," ``` Greek: peri "around, about, near, beyond," Greek: pera "across, beyond," Greek: paros "before," Greek: para "from beside, beyond," Greek: pro "before;" ``` Latin pro "before, for, on behalf of, instead of," porro "forward," prae "before," per "through;" Old Church Slavonic pra-dedu "great-grandfather;" Russian pere- "through;" Lithuanian per "through;" Old Irish ire "farther," roar "enough;" Gothic faura "before," Old English fore (prep.) "before, in front of," (adv.) "before, previously," fram "forward, from," feor "to a great distance, long ago;" German vor "for;" Old Irish air- Gothic fair-, German ver-, Old English fer-, intensive prefixes. *per- (2) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to lead, pass over." A verbal root associated with *per- (1), which forms prepositions and preverbs with the basic meaning "forward, through; in front of, before," etc. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit parayati "carries over;" Greek poros "journey, passage, way," Greek peirein "to pierce, pass through, run through;" Latin portare "to carry," porta "gate, door," Latin portus "port, harbor," originally "entrance, passage," Latin peritus "experienced;" Avestan peretush "passage, ford, bridge;" Armenian hordan "go forward;" Old Welsh rit, Welsh rhyd "ford;" Old Church Slavonic pariti "to fly;" Old English faran "to go, journey," Old Norse fjörðr "inlet, estuary." *per- (3) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to try, risk," an extended sense from root *per- (1) "forward," via the notion of "to lead across, press forward." It forms all or part of: empiric; empirical; experience; experiment; expert; fear; parlous; peril; perilous; pirate. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin experiri "to try," periculum "trial, risk, danger;" Greek peria "trial, attempt, experience," empeiros "experienced;" Old Irish aire "vigilance;" Old English fær "calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack," German Gefahr "danger," Gothic ferja "watcher. grasp (v.) mid-14c., "to reach, grope, feel around," possibly a metathesis of grapsen, from Old English *græpsan "to touch, feel," from Proto-Germanic *grap-, *grab- source also of East Frisian grapsen "to grasp," Middle Dutch grapen "to seize, grasp," Old English grapian "to touch, feel, grope" from PIE root *ghrebh- (1) "to seize, reach" (see grab (v.)). With verb-formative -s- as in cleanse. Sense of "seize" first recorded mid-16c. Transitive use by 17c. Figurative use from c. 1600; of intellectual matters from 1680s. Related: Grasped; grasping. ______________________________________ LATIN capiō capiō (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third conjugation iō-variant I capture, seize, take I take on I take in, understand. ``` Cognate with Cornish kavout, Welsh cael, English have, heave, Lithuanian kàmpt, Albanian kap, ``` Captive Captivate Captain Capital __________________________________________ Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō) To gulp down. ``` χάφτω • (cháfto) (simple past έχαψα) Verb Gobble up, eat up. (with gluttony) (figuratively) swallow. Buy (a lie without questioning) ``` χάβω • (chávo) (simple past έχαψα) Alternative form of χάφτω (cháfto) Ancient Greek χανδάνω ("hold, contain”). __________________________________________ κᾰ́πτω • (káptō) to gulp down. From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂p-yé-ti, ye-present from the root *keh₂p- (“seize, grab”). Cognates include Old English hebban and habban (English heave and have), Latin capiō ______________________________________ SEIZE seize (v.) mid-13c., from Old French seisir "to take possession of, take by force; put in possession of, bestow upon" (Modern French saisir), from Late Latin sacire, which is generally held to be from a Germanic source, but the exact origin is uncertain. Perhaps from Frankish *sakjan "lay claim to" (compare Gothic sokjan, Old English secan "to seek;" see seek). Or perhaps from Proto-Germanic *satjan "to place" (see set (v.)). Originally a legal term in reference to feudal property holdings or offices. Meaning "to grip with the hands or teeth" is from c. 1300; that of "to take possession by force or capture" (of a city, etc.) is from mid-14c. Figurative use, with reference to death, disease, fear, etc. is from late 14c. Meaning "to grasp with the mind" is attested from 1855. Of engines or other mechanisms, attested from 1878. Related: Seized; seizing. ______________________________________ OLD ENGLISH Old English - hebban to lift, to raise up Ic hond and rond hebban mihte. I could lift hand and shield. (Beowulf) from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti to seize; to grab. *kh₂pyéti (imperfective) to be grasping. from the root *keh₂p- (“take, seize”). From Proto-Germanic *habjaną to have, hold. Old English - onġietan Get From on- +‎ ġietan. (West Saxon) (poetic) to seize (West Saxon) to see, perceive, understand. From Proto-Germanic *getaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“take, seize, grasp”). Old English - ġietan (West Saxon) to get Old English - on- Forming verbs and adjectives from participles and nouns, with various senses of on, upon, to, there, thither. onhlinian "to lean on" ondōn "to don, put on clothes" (inchoactive) in, into; prefix used to intensify an action or to denote origin or initiation onlīehtan "to enlighten" onstellan, onstiellan "to establish, institute, install, originate" English - get (ditransitive) To obtain; to acquire. (transitive) To receive. Proto-Germanic/ *getaną to attain, acquire, get, receive, hold. From Proto-Indo-European *gʰe(n)d- (“to take, seize”). Cognate with Latin prehendō (“snatch, seize”) Ancient Greek χανδάνω ("hold, contain”). ______________________________________ TAKE take (v.) late Old English tacan "to take, seize," from a Scandinavian source (such as Old Norse taka "take, grasp, lay hold," past tense tok, past participle tekinn; Swedish ta, past participle tagit), from Proto-Germanic *takan- (source also of Middle Low German tacken, Middle Dutch taken, Gothic tekan "to touch"), from Germanic root *tak- "to take," of uncertain origin, perhaps originally meaning "to touch." As the principal verb for "to take," it gradually replaced Middle English nimen, from Old English niman, from the usual West Germanic verb, *nemanan (source of German nehmen, Dutch nemen; see nimble). OED calls take "one of the elemental words of the language;" take up alone has 55 varieties of meaning in that dictionary's 2nd print edition. Basic sense is "to lay hold of," which evolved to "accept, receive" (as in take my advice) c. 1200; "absorb" (take a punch) c. 1200; "choose, select" (take the high road) late 13c.; "to make, obtain" (take a shower) late 14c.; "to become affected by" (take sick) c. 1300. Take five is 1929, from the approximate time it takes to smoke a cigarette. Take it easy first recorded 1880; take the plunge "act decisively" is from 1876; take the rap "accept (undeserved) punishment" is from 1930. Phrase take it or leave it is recorded from 1897. To take it out on (someone or something) "vent one's anger on other than what caused it" is by 1840. nimble (adj.) "agile, light-footed," c. 1300, nemel, from Old English - næmel "quick to grasp" Old English - niman "to take," from Proto-Germanic *nemanan source also of Old Saxon, Old Dutch, Gothic niman, Old Norse "nema" Old Frisian nima, German nehmen "to take" from PIE root *nem- "assign, allot; take." With unetymological -b- from c. 1500 (compare limb (n.1)). Related: Nimbleness. In 17c., English had nimblechaps "talkative fellow." ``` *nem- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "assign, allot; take." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek nemein "to deal out," Greek nemesis "just indignation;" Latin numerus "number;" Lithuanian nuoma "rent, interest;" Middle Irish nos "custom, usage;" German nehmen "to take." ``` ______________________________________ MODERN ENGLISH English - Have (transitive) To possess, own, hold. (transitive) To be related in some way to (with the object identifying the relationship). (transitive) To partake of a particular substance (especially a food or drink) or action. (auxiliary verb, taking a past participle) Used in forming the perfect aspect and the past perfect aspect. I have already eaten today. I had already eaten. From Middle English haven, from Old English habban, hafian (“to have”), from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have”), durative of *habjaną (“to lift, take up”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti, present tense of *keh₂p- (“to take, seize, catch”). Notice that Latin habeō is not related to English have. ______________________________________ CONCEIVE ``` Meaning "take into the mind, form a correct notion of" is from mid-14c., "form as a general notion in the mind" is from late 14c., ``` figurative senses also found in the Old French and Latin words. Related: Conceived; conceiving. from Latin concipere (past participle conceptus) "to take in and hold; become pregnant" Spanish concebir, Portuguese concebre, Italian concepere from con-, here probably an intensive prefix see con- + combining form of capere "to take," from PIE root *kap- "to grasp." *kap- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to grasp." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kapati "two handfuls;" Greek kaptein "to swallow, gulp down," kope "oar, handle;" Latin capax "able to hold much, broad," capistrum "halter," capere "to grasp, lay hold; be large enough for; comprehend;" Lettish kampiu "seize;" Old Irish cacht "servant-girl," literally "captive;" Welsh caeth "captive, slave;" Gothic haban "have, hold;" Old English hæft "handle," habban "to have, hold." ______________________________________ ``` νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize. ``` 3539 νοέω (from 3563 /νοῦς, "mind") – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach "bottom-line" conclusions. 3539 (νοέω) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning. _______________________________________ ``` Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. ``` 3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. Ro 12:2,3: "And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)" (NASU). From nous; to exercise the mind (observe), i.e. (figuratively) to comprehend, heed -- consider, perceive, think, understand. to think upon, heed, ponder, consider. to perceive with the mind, to understand. To comprehend accurately. _____________________________________________ ACCURATE accurate (adj.) 1610s, "done with care," from Latin accuratus "prepared with care, exact, elaborate," past participle of accurare "take care of," from ad "to" (see ad-) + curare "take care of" (see cure (n.1)). The notion of doing something carefully led to that of being precise (1650s). A stronger word than correct (adj.), weaker than exact (adj.). Related: Accurately; accurateness. cure (n.1) c. 1300, "care, heed," from Latin cura "care, concern, trouble," with many figurative extensions over time such as "study; administration; office of a parish priest; a mistress," and also "means of healing, successful remedial treatment of a disease" (late 14c.), from Old Latin coira-, a noun of unknown origin. Meaning "medical care" is late 14c. cure (n.2) "parish priest in France or a French country," from French curé (13c.), from Medieval Latin curatus "one responsible for the care (of souls)," from Latin curatus, past participle of curare "to take care of" (see cure (v.) ). Also compare curate (n.). curate (n.) late 14c., "spiritual guide, ecclesiastic responsible for the spiritual welfare of those in his charge; parish priest," from Medieval Latin curatus "one responsible for the care (of souls)," from Latin curatus, past participle of curare "to take care of" (see cure (v.)). Church of England sense of "paid deputy priest of a parish" first recorded 1550s. curate (v.) "be in charge of, manage" a museum, gallery, art exhibit, etc., by 1979 (implied in curated), a back-formation from curator or curation. Related: Curating. An earlier verb, curatize (1801) meant "be a (church) curate." __________________________________________ CUSTODIAN custody (n.) mid-15c., "a keeping, a guarding, safe-keeping, protection, defense," from Latin custodia "guarding, watching, keeping," also "prison," from custos (genitive custodis) "guardian, keeper, protector," from PIE root *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal." Meaning "restraint of liberty, confinement" is from 1580s. *(s)keu- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cover, conceal." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kostha "enclosing wall," skunati "covers;" Greek kytos "a hollow, vessel," keutho "to cover, to hide," skynia "eyebrows;" Latin cutis "skin," ob-scurus "dark;" Lithuanian kiautas "husk," kūtis "stall;" Armenian ciw "roof;" Russian kishka "gut," literally "sheath;" Old English hyd "a hide, a skin," hydan "to hide, conceal; Old Norse sky "cloud;" Old English sceo "cloud;" Middle High German hode "scrotum;" Old High German scura, German Scheuer "barn;" Welsh cuddio "to hide." custodial (adj.) 1772, "relating to or of the nature of custody or guardianship," from custody (Latin custodia) + -al (1). It is in French by 1752. ______________________________________________ LATIN prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehensum); third conjugation I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of I take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp. From prae- (“before”) +‎ *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; akin to Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”), and English get. Compare praeda (“prey”) (earlier praeheda) and hedera (“ivy”). prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehensum); third conjugation I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of I take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp. _____________________________________________ GREEK χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] A nasal-infixed and -suffixed present from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Compare λαμβάνω (lambánō). Cognate with Latin prehendo, English get. ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize. I plunder, take by force. (of emotions) I seize. (of a god) I possess. (of darkness, etc.) I cover. I catch, discover, detect. ``` λήψομαι • (lḗpsomai) first-person singular future indicative middle of λαμβάνω (lambánō) λάζομαι • (lázomai) I seize, grasp. I receive. ἀναλάζομαι • (analázomai) I take again. ἔλᾰβον • (élabon) first-person singular and third-person plural aorist indicative active of λαμβάνω (lambánō): I took or they took. τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō) Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be) (of events) to happen, occur [+dative = to someone] (of a person) to happen [+participle = to do something] to succeed [+participle or infinitive = at doing]; to go successfully to hit a target [+genitive] to meet someone [+genitive] to get or attain something [+genitive] ___________________________________ μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō) to perceive afterwards or too late. to change one's mind or purpose. to repent. μετᾰ́νοιᾰ • (metánoia) f (genitive μετᾰνοίᾱς); first declension Noun ("afterthought, repentance") From μετανοέω (“to perceive afterwards, repent”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun). ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ (metanoia) f Noun ("repentance, contrition") contrition From Old French contrit, from Latin contrītus, perfect passive participle of conterō (“grind, bruise”), from con- + terō (“rub, wear away”). Ancient Greek μετάνοια (metánoia, “repentance”), a compound of μετά (metá, “after, with”) and νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think”). From μετᾰ- (meta-, suffix indicating change) +‎ νοέω (noéō, “perceive by the eyes, observe”). ___________________________________ ``` νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean. ``` From νόος (nóos, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix). ___________________________________ νοητῐκός • (noētikós) m (feminine νοητῐκή, neuter νοητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective ("intellectual") From νοητός (“conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) +‎ -τῐκός (“verbal adjective suffix”). English: noetic noetic (comparative more noetic, superlative most noetic) Adjective Of or pertaining to the mind or intellect. Originating in or apprehended by reason. from νοέω (noéō, “I see, understand”) νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό) Adjective (formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind) Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι' αυτήν. ― It's inconceivable for you to risk your life for her. (formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind) ο νοητός άξονας της Γης ― the Earth's imaginary axis. from Ancient Greek νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think out”). Antonym: αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós) αἰσθητῐκός • (aisthētikós) m (feminine αἰσθητῐκή, neuter αἰσθητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or for perception of the senses; sensitive, perceptive ("of things, those objects perceptible to senses") From αἴσθησῐς (“perception, sensation”) +‎ -ῐκός (-adjective suffix). ___________________________________ δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) Verb to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] ("to think about, consider") ``` From δῐᾰνοέω • (dianoéō) Verb Koine form of διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) Verb to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] ("to think about, consider") ___________________________________ ``` noesis (countable and uncountable, plural noeses) Noun (in psychology) cognition, the functioning of intellect. (in Greek philosophy) the exercise of reason. (in metaphysical philosophy) the consciousness component of Noetic Theory, which concerns the duality of noesis and noema. From Ancient Greek νόησις (nóēsis, “concept”, “idea”, “intelligence”, “understanding”) from νοεῖν (noeîn, “to intend”, “to perceive”, “to see”, “to understand”) from νοῦς (noûs, “mind”, “thought”) from νόος (nóos) + -σις (-noun), suffix forming nouns of action. ___________________________________ ``` νοεῖν • (noeîn) Verb present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō) Verb ("Apprehend, conceive, discern") ``` ___________________________________ anoesis (uncountable) Noun (psychology) The reception of impressions or sensations (by the brain) without any intellectual understanding. As if from an Ancient Greek etymon of the form *ἀνοησις (*anoēsis, “lack of intelligence, lack of understanding”); compare the English noesis and the Ancient Greek ἀνόητος (anóētos, “inconceivable”). ___________________________________ ``` noema (plural noemata) Noun (philosophy) The perceived as perceived. (philosophy) That which is perceived in the noesis/noema duality (rhetoric) An obscure and subtle speech. ``` From Ancient Greek νόημα (nóēma, “concept”, “idea”, “perception”, “thought”) ``` νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n (genitive νοήμᾰτος); third declension Noun perception. thought, purpose, design. understanding, mind. ``` From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) +‎ -μᾰ (-becoming a noun).

Answer 39

MENTAL - INTELLECTUAL Adjective

Answer 40

INTELLECT - JUDICIOUS - PONDER Verb Prudent. Thoughtful. κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.

Answer 41

SENSE - MEANING - A THOUGHT ITSELF THE THOUGHT AS A THING Noun A THOUGHT LEADING TO CONCLUSION νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n νοήμᾰτος - genitive Noun From νοέω ("to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) +‎ -μᾰ (-inchoative noun). perception thought, purpose, design understanding, mind. Thought, purpose, idea, design. Thought as expressed in literary form. That which is perceived, perception, thought. _____________________________ From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) +‎ -μᾰ _____________________________ -μᾰ Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action. ("Becoming a noun") _____________________________ νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture ————————————- ``` νόημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: noéma Phonetic Spelling: (no'-ay-mah) Definition: thought, purpose Usage: a thought, purpose, design; the mind; the heart, soul, feelings. ``` 3540 nóēma (a neuter noun, derived from 3539 /noiéō, "to exert mental effort") – properly, the mind, especially its final output (systematic understanding, TDNT). Note the -ma suffix which underlines the result of the thinking, i.e. the personal verdict that comes out of using the mind. a mental perception, thought. device, mind, thought. From noieo; a perception, i.e. Purpose, or (by implication) the intellect, disposition, itself -- device, mind, thought. ————————————————— ``` νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize. ``` 3539 noiéō (from 3563 /noús, "mind") – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach "bottom-line" conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning. to perceive with the mind, to understand to think upon, heed, ponder, consider. ———————————————— ``` νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. HELPS Word-studies 3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. ``` Ro 12:2,3: "2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)" (NASU). the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically, a. the intellective faculty, the understanding reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil. the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially. Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind (divine or human; in thought, feeling, or will); by implication, meaning -- mind, understanding. Compare psuche. ————————————————-

Answer 42

THE MENTAL CAPACITIES MIND AS AN OBJECT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nous Noun The mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically, The intellective faculty, the understanding. the faculty of perceiving things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil. The power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially. A particular mode of thinking and judging. ``` Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. ``` 3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. Ro 12:2,3: "2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)" (NASU). ____________________________________ νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension Noun mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter. Ἀριστόνοος From ἄριστος (“best”) +‎ νόος ("mind”) A male given name, equivalent to English Aristonous. Ἀρσίνοος From ἄρσις (“elevation”) +‎ νόος ("mind”) A male given name Arsinoos (the father of Hekamede) Αὐτονόη From αὐτός (autós) +‎ νόος (nóos) +‎ -η (-ē). His mind. Αὐτονόη • (Autonóē) f (genitive Αὐτονόης); first declension A female given name: Autonoe ______________________________________ nous (uncountable) (philosophy) The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional. In Neoplatonism, the divine reason, regarded as first divine emanation. Common sense; practical intelligence. ``` nous m (plural nous) The nous, (divine) reason in philosophy. ```

Answer 43

TO CHANGE ONES MIND - REPENT Verb μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō) to perceive afterwards or too late to change one's mind or purpose To repent To regret From μετᾰ- (suffix indicating change) + νοέω (“perceive by the eyes, observe”). From νόος (“mind”) +‎ -έω (denominative verbal suffix). ________________________________________ REPENT Borrowed from Old French repentir, from Vulgar Latin *repoenitere, from re- + a late derivative of poenitere (“be penitent”), alteration of Latin paenitere. (intransitive) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for what one has done or omitted to do; the cause for repenting may be indicated with "of". (theology, intransitive) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to practice sin and to love. (transitive) To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow. (transitive) To be sorry for, to regret. (archaic, transitive) To cause to have sorrow or regret. (obsolete, reflexive) To cause (oneself) to feel pain or regret.

Answer 44

MEAN - SIGNIFY What do you mean by that? Verb Morphologically... from εν- (“in”) +‎ νοώ (“think, understand”). From Ancient Greek ἐννοέω / ἐννοῶ. Sense understand, semantic loan from English mean. ``` εννοώ • (ennoó) εννόησα - simple past εννοούμαι - passive Verb mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course. ``` ______________________________________ MEAN - MEANING From Middle English menen (“to intend; remember; lament; comfort”), from Old English mǣnan (“to mean, signify; lament”) from Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, think; lament”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyn- (“to think”). Germanic cognates include West Frisian miene (“to deem, think”) Old Frisian mēna (“signify”) Dutch menen (“to believe, think, mean”) Middle Dutch menen (“think, intend”) German meinen (“to think, mean, believe”) Old Saxon mēnian. Indo-European cognates include... Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”) and Polish mienić (“signify, believe”). Related to moan. To intend. (transitive) To intend, to plan (to do); to have as one's intention. [from 8th c.] (intransitive) To have intentions of a given kind. [from 14th c.] Don't be angry; she meant well. (transitive, usually in passive) To intend (something) for a given purpose or fate; to predestine. [from 16th c.] Actually this desk was meant for the subeditor. Man was not meant to question such things. To convey meaning. (transitive) To convey (a given sense); to signify, or indicate (an object or idea). [from 8th c.] The sky is red this morning—does that mean we're in for a storm? (transitive) Of a word, symbol etc: to have reference to, to signify. [from 8th c.] What does this hieroglyph mean? (transitive) Of a person (or animal etc): to intend to express, to imply, to hint at, to allude. I'm afraid I don't understand what you mean. (transitive) To have conviction in (something said or expressed); to be sincere in (what one says). [from 18th c.] Does she really mean what she said to him last night? Say what you mean and mean what you say. (transitive) To result in; to bring about. [from 19th c.] One faltering step means certain death. (transitive) To be important (to). [from 19th c.] My home life means a lot to me. ___________________________________ MEAN - Synonyms (convey, signify, indicate): convey, indicate, signify (want or intend to convey): imply, mean to say (intend; plan on doing): intend (have conviction in what one says): be serious (have intentions of a some kind): (result in; bring about): bring about, cause, lead to, result in ____________________________________ Old English - mǣnan to mean, to intend to indicate or signify (something or someone) to mean, to intend (to do something) to say, to relate to mourn or lament Proto-Germanic/ *mainijaną to mean, think. From Proto-Indo-European *meyn- (“to mean; think”). Cognate with Old Irish mían (“wish; desire”). ``` Old Irish mían n, m (genitive méin, nominative plural míana) desire, inclination; object of desire. míanach (“desirous, eager, wishful”) míanaid (“desires, longs for”, verb) míangus (“eager desire”) Etymology 2 From Proto-Celtic *mēnis (“ore”) mían f (genitive méine) (mining) mineral, ore. míanach (“vein of ore, mine”) míanaige (“miner”) ```

Answer 45

MEANING - NOTION - FACT OF THOUGHT - CONCLUSION Noun KNOWLEDGE - RESULT OF THOUGHT Knowledge that has been down loaded into the brain. ``` ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f ἐννοίᾱς - genitive Noun the fact of thinking, thought, consideration. a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence. ``` From ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (abstract nouns) ————————————— έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) concept, meaning, essential features From Ancient Greek ἔννοια. Mophologically from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (nous, “mind”). ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension the act of thinking, thought, consideration a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence. From ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (abstract noun). _______________________________ ANTONYM ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς - genitive Noun The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness. άγνοια f (“ignorance”) From ἀ- (“not”) +‎ γιγνώσκω (“know”) +‎ -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix). άγνοια • (ágnoia) f (uncountable) Noun ("ignorance, unfamiliarity, unawareness") From Ancient Greek ἄγνοια (“not knowing”) ``` αγνοώ • (agnoó) simple past - αγνόησα passive - αγνοούμαι Verb not to know, be ignorant of ignore (someone deliberately) ``` αγνοώ (“to ignore, to be ignorant”) ``` αγνοούμενος m (“missing person”) passive present participle. αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m feminine - αγνοούμενη neuter - αγνοούμενο ("missing") ("military, posted as missing") ``` αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m plural -αγνοούμενοι feminine - αγνοούμενη ("missing person") ``` αγνοούμαι • (agnooúmai) passive simple past - αγνοήθηκα active - αγνοώ Verb (passive) be unknown (passive) be lost ``` _______________________________ From Ancient Greek ἔννοια. Mophologically... from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (“mind”). έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) concept, meaning, essential features. ________________________________________ έγνοια ``` έννοια Alternative form of έγνοια (“care, concern”) έγνοια • (égnoia) f (plural έγνοιες) care, concern, preoccupation (feelings of responsibility) ``` ________________________________________ εννοώ • (ennoó) (simple past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι) Morphologically, from εν- (“in”) +‎ νοώ (“think, understand”). mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course ________________________________________ *gnō- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to know." late 14c., from Latin notionem (nominative notio) "concept, conception, idea, notice," noun of action from past participle stem of noscere "come to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." Coined by Cicero as a loan-translation of Greek ennoia "act of thinking, notion, conception," or prolepsis "previous notion, previous conception." __________________________________________

Answer 46

UNDERSTAND Verb κατανοώ • (katanoó) κατανόησα - simple past understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.

Answer 47

TO THINK ABOUT - CONSIDER Middle passive verb (Passive- think within oneself) δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] to think about, consider. __________________________________________ διανόημα - a thought, an idea, a concept. Think it through. (the subject matter) The concept or idea thought about. ``` διανόημα: a thought Original Word: διανόημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: dianoéma Phonetic Spelling: (dee-an-o'-ay-mah) Definition: a thought Usage: a reasoning, thought, cogitation. ``` dianóēma (from 1223 /diá, "through," which intensifies 3539 /noiéō, "to think") – "think through, distinguish. This substantive is common in Plato, . . . for intent, purpose" (WP, 2, 161) but is only used in Lk 11:17 (critical text). See 1271 (dianoia). ______________________________________ ``` νοέω noeó: to perceive, think Original Word: νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize. ``` νοῦς from 3563 /noús, "mind") – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach "bottom-line" conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning. to perceive with the mind, to understand. to think upon, heed, ponder, consider. ___________________________________________ νοῦς nous: mind, understanding, reason Original Word: , νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. HELPS Word-studies 3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. Ro 12:2,3: "2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, The as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)" (NASU). the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically. the intellective faculty, the understanding. reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil. to be furnished with the understanding of Christ. the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially. _______________________________________ pístis (from 3982/peithô, "persuade, be persuaded") – properly, persuasion (be persuaded, come to trust); faith. Faith (4102/pistis) is always a gift from God, and never something that can be produced by people. "God's divine persuasion" – and therefore distinct from human belief (confidence), yet involving it. The Lord continuously births faith in the yielded believer so they can know what He prefers, i.e. the persuasion of His will (1 Jn 5:4). ______________________________ PREFIX Original Word: διά Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: dia Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ah') Definition: through, on account of, because of Usage: (a) gen: through, throughout, by the instrumentality of, (b) acc: through, on account of, by reason of, for the sake of, because of. HELPS Word-studies 1223 diá (a preposition) – properly, across (to the other side), back-and-forth to go all the way through, "successfully across" ("thoroughly"). 1223 (diá) is also commonly used as a prefix and lend the same idea ("thoroughly," literally, "successfully" across to the other side). [1223 (diá) is a root of the English term diameter ("across to the other side, through"). Before a vowel, dia is simply written di̓.]

Answer 48

THREAD OF THOUGHT Noun νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension. Of uncertain etymology perhaps from νέω (“I spin”), here meaning... νέω "to spin the thread of the mind”. ________________________________________ Sutra (Sanskrit: सूत्र "string" or "thread" A sutra is any short rule, like a theorem distilled into few words or syllables, around which teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven. Suture To stitch with a thread. The Sanskrit word Sūtra (Sanskrit: सूत्र, Pali: sūtta, Ardha Magadhi: sūya) means "string, thread". The root of the word is siv, that which sews and holds things together. The word is related to sūci (Sanskrit: सूचि) meaning "needle, list", and sūnā (Sanskrit: सूना) meaning "woven". sūtra means a distilled collection of syllables and words, any form or manual of "aphorism, rule, direction" hanging together like threads with which the teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven. A sūtra is any short rule, states Moriz Winternitz, in Indian literature; it is "a theorem condensed in few words". A sūtra is a condensed rule which succinctly states the message. _________________________________________ Etymology 2 νέω • (néō) I spin. I weave a thread. ``` spindle to spin (to make yarn) ``` (transitive) To make yarn by twisting and winding fibers together. (Colloquialism) - to tell a tarn. Yarn - a long or rambling story, especially one that is implausible. Etymology 1 νέω • (néō) ``` I swim (figuratively, of one in shoes that are too large) I float. ``` Alteration of νάω (náō, “to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow; to swim”). _________________________________________ mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter

Answer 49

MENTAL Adjective

Answer 50

MENTAL - DIANOETIC mental (adj.) early 15c., "in, of, or pertaining to the mind; characteristic of the intellect," from Late Latin mentalis "of the mind," from Latin mens (genitive mentis) "mind," from PIE root *men- (1) "to think." dianoetic (comparative more dianoetic, superlative most dianoetic) Pertaining to reason or thinking; intellectual. From Ancient Greek διανοητικός (“pertaining to thinking”) from διανοητός (dianoētós) verbal adjective of διανοέεσθαι (dianoéesthai, “to think”) from δια- (“through”) + νοέειν (“to think, suppose”). dianoialogy (uncountable) (archaic) The science of the dianoetic or intellectual faculties. From Ancient Greek (“thought”) + -logy. Dianoia the mental faculty used in discursive reasoning.

Answer 51

INTELLECT - CRITICAL THINKING Noun DIALECTIC THINKING (Considering both sides of an issue) from dia and noeó. δια- (dia-) +‎ νόος (nóos) +‎ -ια (-noun). Compare διανοέομαι (dianoéomai). δῐᾰ́νοιᾰ • (diánoia) f (genitive δῐᾰνοίᾱς); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine) intention, purpose. process of thinking. capacity of thought: intelligence, understanding. the mind as the faculty qf understanding, feeling, desiring. From dia and nous; deep thought, properly, the faculty (mind or its disposition), by implication, its exercise -- imagination, mind, understanding. ________________________________ Original Word: διάνοια, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: dianoia Phonetic Spelling: (dee-an'-oy-ah) Definition: the mind, disposition, thought Usage: understanding, intellect, mind, insight. HELPS Word-studies 1271 diánoia (from 1223 /diá, "thoroughly, from side-to-side," which intensifies 3539 /noiéō, "to use the mind," diá, "thoroughly, from side-to-side," noiéō, "to use the mind," from 3563 /noús, "mind") – properly, movement from one side (of an issue) to the other to reach balanced-conclusions; full-orbed reasoning (= critical thinking), i.e. dialectical thinking that literally reaches "across to the other side" (of a matter). 1271 /diánoia ("critical thinking"), literally "thorough reasoning," incorporates both sides of a matter to reach a meaningful (personal) conclusion. Such "full-breadth reasoning" is essential to loving (25 /agapáō) the Lord and our neighbor (see Mk 12:30). It is also the instrument of self-destruction when exercised without God's light and power (Lk 1:51; Eph 2:3, 4:18; Col 1:21). [1271 /diánoia (dianoia) is also used of "reasoning and speech between characters in ancient dramas" (LS; cf. Aristotle, Rh 1, 404). But 1271 (diánoia) works to a person's own undoing when it operates apart from the light of God's word (Eph 4:18).]

Answer 52

IGNORANCE άγνοια • (ágnoia) f (uncountable) ignorance, unfamiliarity, unawareness. From Ancient Greek ἄγνοια (“not knowing”) ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f (genitive ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς); first declension The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness. From ἀ- (“not”) +‎ γιγνώσκω (“know”) +‎ -ιᾰ -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix). Synonyms αδαημοσύνη f (“ignorance”) αδαημοσύνη • (adaïmosýni) f (uncountable) "(ignorance, inexperience") ``` αμάθεια f (“ignorance, uneducated, illiteracy”) αμάθεια • (amátheia) f plural - αμάθειες ("ignorance, illiteracy") αμάθεια f (“ignorance, illiteracy”) ``` ``` αμαθής • (amathís) m feminine - αμαθής neuter - αμαθές Adjective ("ignorant, uneducated, illiterate") ``` αμαθής (“ignorant”, adjective) αμάθευτος (“unknown”, adjective) αμάθητος (“not learnt”, adjective) άμαθος (“not learnt”, adjective) ``` αμάθευτος • (amátheftos) m feminine -.αμάθευτη neuter - αμάθευτο Adjective unknown, not known unlearned, not learnt. ``` αμάθητος • (amáthitos) m (feminine αμάθευτη, neuter αμάθευτο) Adjective not learnt, not studied inexperienced, unskilled. ``` άμαθος • (ámathos) m feminine - άμαθη neuter -άμαθο Adjective Synonym, alternative form of αμάθητος. ``` αδαής • (adaḯs) m (feminine αδαής, neuter αδαές) Adjective ("ignorant, inexperienced, clumsy") ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f (genitive ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς); first declension Noun The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness. άγνοια f (“ignorance”) From ἀ- (“not”) +‎ γιγνώσκω (“know”) +‎ -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix). άγνοια • (ágnoia) f (uncountable) Noun ("ignorance, unfamiliarity, unawareness") From Ancient Greek ἄγνοια (“not knowing”) ``` αγνοώ • (agnoó) simple past - αγνόησα passive - αγνοούμαι Verb not to know, be ignorant of ignore (someone deliberately) ``` αγνοώ (“to ignore, to be ignorant”) ``` αγνοούμενος m (“missing person”) passive present participle. αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m feminine - αγνοούμενη neuter - αγνοούμενο missing (military) posted as missing αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m plural -αγνοούμενοι feminine - αγνοούμενη ``` missing person ``` αγνοούμαι • (agnooúmai) passive simple past - αγνοήθηκα active - αγνοώ Verb (passive) be unknown (passive) be lost ``` αμαθής • (amathís) m (feminine αμαθής, neuter αμαθές) ignorant, uneducated, illiterate. αδαημοσύνη • (adaïmosýni) f (uncountable) ignorance, inexperience. αδαής • (adaḯs) m (feminine αδαής, neuter αδαές) ignorant, inexperienced clumsy. αμαθής (amathís, “ignorant”, adjective) αμάθευτος (amátheftos, “unknown”, adjective) αμάθητος (amáthitos, “not learnt”, adjective) άμαθος (ámathos, “not learnt”, adjective) αμάθευτος • (amátheftos) m (feminine αμάθευτη, neuter αμάθευτο) unknown, not known unlearned, not learnt. αμάθητος • (amáthitos) m (feminine αμάθευτη, neuter αμάθευτο) not learnt, not studied inexperienced, unskilled. άμαθος Uneducated, illiterate, ignorant. ``` αγνοώ • (agnoó) αγνόησα - (simple past) αγνοούμαι - (passive) not to know, be ignorant of ignore (someone deliberately) ``` ``` αγνοούμενος (Participle / -ing) Missing Missing person. masculine - αγνοούμενος feminine - αγνοούμενη neuter - αγνοούμενο ``` ``` αγνοούμαι • (agnooúmai) passive αγνοήθηκα - (simple past) αγνοώ - (active) (passive) be unknown (passive) be lost ```

Answer 53

NOT AWARE - UNKNOWN Verb ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō) Verb (transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget. (transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well (intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance. From ἀ- ("not”) the root of γιγνώσκω (“know”) +‎ -έω (verb-forming suffix). __________________________________ ἀγνώσσω • (agnṓssō) poetic and Koine form of ἀγνοέω (agnoéō) Verb Particularly: “ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ γνωκ- (gnōk-) + Proto-Hellenic *-jō?”)

Answer 54

STUPIDITY - LACK UNDERSTANDING ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō) (transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget. (transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well (intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance. From ἀ- (a-, “not”) the root of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “know”) +‎ -έω (-éō, verb-forming suffix). Compare ἀγνώς (agnṓs, “unknown”), ἄγνοια (ágnoia, “ignorance”). ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō) (transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget. (transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well (intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance. ____________________________________ ``` ᾰ̓γνώς (chiefly of persons) unknown. (of things) obscure, unintelligible. obscure, ignoble. (in active constructions) ignorant. ``` ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ Ignorance Obscurity. ``` ἄγνωτος unknown, unheard of, forgotten unknowable unintelligible not knowing, ignorant. ``` ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness. -ῐᾰ - to form abstract nouns.

Answer 55

THE MIND - MY MIND - POSSESS MIND νου • (nou) m Genitive, accusative and vocative singular form of νους (nous).

Answer 56

TO KNOW - TO HAVE KNOWLEDGE Epistemology Gaining knowledge by prolonged acquaintance, i.e. sustained, personal effort. ἐπῐ́στᾰμαι • (epístamai) (transitive) To know, to have the knowledge of something. ``` epistamai: to know, to understand Original Word: ἐπίσταμαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: epistamai Phonetic Spelling: (ep-is'-tam-ahee) Definition: to know, to understand Usage: I know, know of, understand. HELPS Word-studies 1987 epístamai ``` from epí, "fitting on" which intensifies hístēmi, "stand" properly... standing upon - referring to - gaining knowledge by prolonged acquaintance through sustained, personal effort. For the believer, this careful study (observation) builds on taking a stand that Scripture is the Word of God (note the epi, "on"). [1987 (epistamai) expresses... "what comes from close familiar acquaintance" 1987 (epistamai) in antiquity meant... "skilled in handicraft" "knowledge resulting from prolonged practice" _____________________________________ ephistémi: to set upon, set up, to stand upon, be present Original Word: ἐφίστημι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ephistémi Phonetic Spelling: (ef-is'-tay-mee) Definition: to set upon, set up, to stand upon, be present Usage: I stand by, am urgent, befall one (as of evil), am at hand, impend. _____________________________________ from ἐπί (on) +‎ ἵστημι (stand) ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi) (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) ("to make to stand, to stand, set") to set up to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up. to set up, appoint. to place in the balance, weigh. (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect) to stand. to stand still. (figuratively) to stand firm. to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up. (generally) to arise, begin. (in marking time) to be. to be appointed. _________________ ἐπῐ́ Preposition (+ genitive) - upon (on the upper surface) (+ accusative) - onto (the upper surface of) (+ dative) - on, upon. (of conditions or circumstances) in, with. (of time) at, on or after. (expressing a cause) on account of, for. (expressing a purpose) for. (of a condition) on. (with a person) to before, into the presence of.

Answer 57

THE VISIBLE SEAL OF A CONCEPT - LIMIT OF CONCEPT Concept Pattern / Conceptual Boundary / Conceptual Horizon In philosophy, ideas are usually taken as mental representational images of some object. Reference. Form as a symbolic representation of an object, the object as the Referent. Ideas can also be abstract concepts that do not present as mental images. The capacity to create and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings. Semblance, opp. reality, γνώμην ἐξαπατῶσ᾽ ἰδέαι outward appearances cheat the mind, Thgn.128. In Logic,= εἶδος, class, kind: hence, principle of classification. In Platonic Philosophy, ideal forms, archetypes. Another view holds that we only discover ideas in the same way that we discover the real world, from personal experiences. The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from nurture (life experiences) is known as tabula rasa ("blank slate"). Most of the confusions in the way ideas arise is at least in part due to the use of the term "idea" to cover both the representation perceptics and the object of conceptual thought. This can be always illustrated in terms of the scientific doctrines of innate ideas, "concrete ideas versus abstract ideas", as well as "simple ideas versus complex ideas". René Descartes In his Meditations on First Philosophy he says, "Some of my thoughts are like images of things, and it is to these alone that the name 'idea' properly belongs." John Locke defines idea as "that term which, I think, serves best to stand for whatsoever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks, I have used it to express whatever is meant by phantasm, notion, species, or whatever it is which the mind can be employed about in thinking; and I could not avoid frequently using it." As John Locke studied humans in his work “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” he continually referenced Descartes for ideas as he asked this fundamental question: “When we are concerned with something about which we have no certain knowledge, what rules or standards should guide how confident we allow ourselves to be that our opinions are right?” [9] A simpler way of putting it is how do humans know ideas, and what are the different types of ideas. An idea to Locke “can simply mean some sort of brute experience.” [10] He shows that there are “No innate principles in the mind.”.[11] Thus, he concludes that “our ideas are all experiential in nature.” David Hume Hume differs from Locke by limiting idea to the more or less vague mental reconstructions of perceptions, the perceptual process being described as an "impression." Hume has contended and defended the notion that "reason alone is merely the 'slave of the passions'." Immanuel Kant defines an idea as opposed to a concept. "Regulative ideas" are ideals that one must tend towards, but by definition may not be completely realized. _______________________________________ ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension look, appearance, form type, sort, class style. ``` Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *widéhā from Proto-Indo-European *widéseh₂ feminine derivation from *wéydos whence εἶδος (eîdos) from *weyd- (“to see”) ``` _______________________________________ ιδέα • (idéa) f (plural ιδέες) idea (model in the mind or interlect) idea (invention) opinion (judgement) impression (impression of character) ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension look, appearance, form type, sort, class style. From εἴδω (“I see”) From *weyd- to see. From Ancient Greek ἰδέα ("notion, pattern”). From Latin idea, from Ancient Greek ἰδέα ("notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”). _______________________________________ From εἴδω ("I see”). See (stative) To perceive or detect with the eyes, or as if by sight. To witness or observe by personal experience. _______________________________________ Witness Wit + ness from Old English witt (“understanding, intellect, sense, knowledge, consciousness, conscience”) Old English - Wit Intellectual ability; faculty of thinking, reasoning. The ability to think quickly; mental cleverness, especially under short time constraints. (uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony. (countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something. (countable) Someone called to give evidence in a court. (countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document. (countable) Something that serves as evidence; a sign or token. From Middle English witnesse. from Old English witnes (“knowledge, witness, testimony, a witness”) equivalent to wit +‎ -ness. Cognate with Middle Dutch wetenisse (“witness, testimony”) Old High German gewiznessi (“testimony”) Icelandic vitni (“witness”).

Answer 58

LAW - SPIRIT OF LAW Noun Order, Number, Noun, Dispense, Pasture, Rite. Original Word: νόμος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nomos Phonetic Spelling: (nom'-os) Definition: that which is assigned, usage, law Usage: usage, custom, law; in NT: of law in general, plur: of divine laws; of a force or influence impelling to action; of the Mosaic law; meton: of the books which contain the law, the Pentateuch, the Old Testament scriptures in general. HELPS Word-studies 3551 nómos – law. 3551 (nómos) is used of: a) the Law (Scripture), with emphasis on the first five books of Scripture; or b) any system of religious thinking (theology), especially when nomos occurs without the Greek definite article. 3551 /nómos ("law") then can refer to "the Law," or "law" as a general principle (or both simultaneously). The particular sense(s) of 3551 (nómos) is determined by the context. The impulse to (right) action emanating from the Spirit. Controlling principle. The Mosaic law, and referring, according to the context, either to the volume of the law or to its contents. Those who rule their life by the law, Jews. διά νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον... By the law itself (when I became convinced that by keeping it I could not attain to salvation. Observance of the law. ``` νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension Noun custom law, ordinance ancient type of song. ``` From νέμω (“I distribute in trust”) νέμω • (némō) Verb to deal out, distribute, dispense (of herdsmen), to pasture or graze their flocks, drive to pasture, tend. From Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to assign, allot; take”). *nem- ("to distribute, to give, to take") From Ancient Greek: νομή (“pasture”) From Ancient Greek: νόμος (“custom, law”) ``` From Latin: numerus numerus m (genitive numerī); second declension Verb number collection, quantity (figuratively) rank, position (music) time, rhythm (grammar) number. ``` The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós). rītus m (genitive rītūs); fourth declension Noun ("rite, ceremony' habit, custom, usage") From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-. *h₂er- ("to fit, to fix, to put together") Cognate with Sanskrit रीति (rītí, “rite, custom, usage, ceremony, procedure”). ōrdō From Latin - ōrdō m (genitive ōrdinis) a methodical series, arrangement, or order; regular line, row, or series a class, station, condition, rank a group (of people) of the same class, caste, station, or rank ("vir senatorii ordinis") (military) A rank or line of soldiers; band, troop, company (military) command, captaincy, generalship. (Roman Catholicism) A calendar which prescribes the Mass and office which is to be celebrated each day. From Proto-Italic *ord-on- (“row, order”) From Latin - artus (feminine arta, neuter artum, comparative artior, superlative artissimus); first/second-declension adjective Adjective narrow, close, fitted, confined, dense (figuratively) severe, strict, scanty, brief. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tós (“fitted”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Cognates include Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right, etc.”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀‎ (aṣ̌a, “truth”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂értus (“that which is fit together; juncture, ordering”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Cognates include Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú, “right time, order, rule”), Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “arranging, arrangement”) ἀρτύς • (artús) f (genitive ἀρτύος); third declension Alternative form of ἀρθμός (arthmós) ἀρθμός • (arthmós) m (genitive ἀρθμοῦ); second declension Noun ("bond, league, friendship") From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit; to put together”). ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (árthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension Noun (anatomy) joint Synonym: ἅψος (hápsos) (anatomy) limb articulation ἄρθρον τῆς φωνῆς (árthron tês phōnês) – vocal articulation (grammar) connecting word (grammar) an article: a category including the definite article ὁ (ho) and the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós) ``` ἀραρίσκω • (ararískō) Noun (transitive) join, fasten fit together, construct prepare, contrive fit, equip, furnish please, gratify make fit, make pleasing (intransitive) to be joined closely together to be fixed to fit or suit to be fitted with, furnished with to be fitted, suiting, agreeable, pleasing ``` _____________________________________ ``` ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun number amount, sum term in a series number, account, rank quantity (opposite quality) numbering, counting arithmetic (philosophy) abstract number (grammar) number numeral unknown quantity (rhetoric) rhythm the sum of the numerical values of the letters of a name military unit (=Latin numerus) (astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time (medicine) precise condition. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-. Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. _____________________________________ ``` ἐπῐνομῐ́ς • (epinomís) f (genitive ἐπῐνομῐ́δος); third declension Noun an addition to a law, an appendix a New-Year’s gift. a part of a trireme. ``` ἐπῐ- (epi-) +‎ νόμος (nómos) +‎ -ῐς (-is)

Answer 59

CUSTOM - PRACTICE from nomos ``` Original Word: νομίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: nomizó Phonetic Spelling: (nom-id'-zo) Definition: to practice, consider Usage: I practice, hold by custom; I deem, think, consider, suppose. HELPS Word-studies 3543 nomízō (from 3551 /nómos, "law") – properly, to suppose (assume) that something applies (or is derived from); to assume a prevailing custom (law, practice). ``` to hold by custom or usage, own as a custom or usage; to follow custom or usage; passive νομίζεται it is the custom, it is the received usage. ____________________________________ νομίζω • (nomízō) I use customarily, practise. From νόμος (“custom”) +‎ -ίζω (denominative verb suffix). (legislation) I enact. (with dative) I make a man of you, use. (with infinitive) I am accustomed to doing. I acknowledge, consider as. I esteem, hold in honour. (with accusative of object) I hold, believe. (with accusative and infinitive) I deem, hold, believe that. _____________________________________ ``` νόμισμα • (nómisma) n (plural νομίσματα) a coin the basic currency of a country nomisma money circulating in the form of notes and coin. ``` From Ancient Greek νόμισμα (nómisma) "money, the current coin of a state, custom", from νομίζω (nomízō) (nomizo) "to hold or own as a custom, usage, to use customarily, practise, to be used to a thing", hence "to make common use of", from νόμος (nómos) (nomos) "anything assigned, a usage, custom, law, ordinance", from νέμω (némō) (nemo) "to keep, to hold, to watch". ____________________ κέρμα • (kérma) n (plural κέρματα) coin. χρήμα • (chríma) n (plural χρήματα) IPA /ˈxri.ma/ capital (physical or monetary assets) (plural): liquid assets. Formed from the base of χράομαι ( “want, need”) +‎ -μα (-ma). χρῆμᾰ • (khrêma) n (genitive χρήμᾰτος); third declension need; a thing that one needs or uses goods, property thing, matter, affair. χρηματίζω • (chrimatízo) (simple past χρημάτισα, passive χρηματίζομαι) Verb (intransitive) be, occupy a place as public official (usually not used in present tense) (transitive) bribe. χρηματισμός • (chrimatismós) m bribing (action or outcome of bribe)

Answer 60

INTELLIGENCE Sense: capacity of mind, especially to understand and comprehend. νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture. νόημα (“sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (“IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) ``` Edit Synonyms Edit brain [WS] head [WS] brightness intellect intelligence mind nous psyche reason smartness wit Antonyms Edit fatuity hebetude idiocy imbecility stolidity stupidity ```

Answer 61

SKILLED - TALENTED ιδιοφυής • (idiofyís) m (feminine ιδιοφυής, neuter ιδιοφυές) Adjective talented, gifted, genius, intelligent ιδιοφυής άνθρωπος (talented man) ingenious ιδιοφυής ιδέα (ingenious idea)

Answer 62

GYM - GYMNASIUM - GYMNASTICS EXERCISE - DRILL - TRAIN Verb γυμνάζω • (gymnázo) (simple past γύμνασα, passive γυμνάζομαι) exercise, drill, train, school. gumnos: naked, poorly clothed. ``` Original Word: γυμνός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: gumnos Phonetic Spelling: (goom-nos') Definition: naked, poorly clothed Usage: rarely: stark-naked; generally: wearing only the under-garment; bare, open, manifest; mere. ``` clad in the undergarment only (the outer garment or cloak being laid aside. Metaphorically, of the soul, whose garment is the body, stripped of the body, without a body. Nude. _________________________ ``` γυμνάσιο n (“middle school”) γυμναστήριο n (“gymnasium”) γυμναστής m (“male gymnast”) γυμνάστρια f (“female gymnast”) γυμναστική f (“exercise, gymnastics”) γυμνός (“naked”) γυμνότητα (“nakedness”) γυμνισμός (, “naturism”) ```

Answer 63

EXCEPTIONAL εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες) intelligence, wit smartness (with words) έξυπνος • (éxypnos) m (feminine έξυπνη, neuter έξυπνο) Adjective clever, intelligent, sharp

Answer 64

EXCEPTIONAL εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες) intelligence, wit smartness (with words) Synonym νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f (plural νοημοσύνες) intelligence

Answer 65

NEWS - CURRENT INFORMATION είδηση • (eídisi) f (plural ειδήσεις) (newspapers, television) news item, piece of news, news story (by extension) newsworthy event (in plural) news (in newspapers; on TV or radio) Synonyms αγγελία f (angelía) Coordinate terms νέα n (néa, “news”) νέα News Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of νέος (néos). νέος • (néos) m (feminine νέα, neuter νέο) young, youthful modern, new. From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “young”), from Proto-Hellenic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. *néwos (non-ablauting) new ``` Proto-Indo-European Adverb *nu now well (as an interjection) and ``` Latin: num (“now”), nunc nunc (not comparable) now Greek νυν (nyn, “now”). νυν • (nyn) now, currently νυν και αεί (nyn kai aeí, “now and forever”) Greek τώρα • (tóra) Adverb now

Answer 66

CLEVER - SHREWD - SMART ευφυής • (effyís) m (feminine ευφυής, neuter ευφυές) Adjective intelligent, clever, quick-witted. Shrewd. ευφυής • (effyís) m (feminine ευφυής, neuter ευφυές) Adjective ("intelligent, clever, quick-witted") ("Aptitude, quick to learn") ``` ιδιοφυής (idiofyís, “genius, gifted”) ιδιοφυής • (idiofyís) m (feminine ιδιοφυής, neuter ιδιοφυές) Noun talented, gifted, genius, intelligent ιδιοφυής άνθρωπος (talented man) ingenious ιδιοφυής ιδέα (ingenious idea) ``` ``` ____________________________________ Synonyms see: έξυπνος (éxypnos) έξυπνος • (éxypnos) m (feminine έξυπνη, neuter έξυπνο) Adjective ("clever, intelligent, sharp") ``` εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες) Adjective intelligence, with smartness (with words) ``` Synonyms νοημοσύνη (noïmosýni) νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f νοημοσύνες - plural ("intelligence") ``` νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) From νοέω ("to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) +‎ -μᾰ (inchoative noun, becoming a noun). νόημα • (nóima) n νοήματα - plural Noun ("sense, meaning, gesture") (meaning) : σημασία f (simasía) (gesture) : νεύμα n (névma) σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) Noun (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) _________________________________ gesture (plural gestures) Noun A motion of the limbs or body, especially one made to emphasize speech. quotations ▼ The middle-finger gesture is really a nonverbal swear. This Web browser can be controlled with mouse gestures. An act or a remark made as a formality or as a sign of attitude. quotations ▼ We took flowers as a gesture of sympathy. (obsolete) The manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. quotations ▼ From Medieval Latin gestura (“a mode of action”), from Latin gerere (“to bear, reflexive bear oneself, behave, act”), past participle gestus. ``` Latin - gestus feminine gesta neuter gestum first/second-declension participle Participle carried, having been carried, borne, having been borne; worn, having been worn. ``` Perfect passive participle of gerō (“carry, bear; wear”). ``` gerō (present infinitive gerere, perfect active gessī, supine gestum); third conjugation Verb I carry, bear I wear (i.e. have on clothing) I have or possess (of traits) I carry (on), wage Bellum gerere. To wage war. Bellum gerant aliī. Let others wage war. ``` From Proto-Italic *gezō and cognate with Faliscan 𐌊𐌄𐌔𐌄𐌕 (keset). According to De Vaan,[1] from a post-PIE *h₂ǵ-es-, an extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ- (from which agō); compare Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to bring up; to throw”).

Answer 67

INFORMATION CARRIER FILL UP WITH INFORMATION - CARRY INFO πληρο Informs, full, complete. φορία Carrier, the course on which information is carried. ___________________________________ Advertising πληροφορία • (pliroforía) f (plural πληροφορίες) information. ``` αγγελία • (angelía) f (plural αγγελίες) announcement; advertisement (especially a small one) information message (Christianity) annunciation ``` annunciate (third-person singular simple present annunciates, present participle annunciating, simple past and past participle annunciated) ``` (transitive, formal) To announce. Related terms Edit announce announcement annunciation. ``` From Latin adnūntiō, annūntiō (“I announce, make known, report, proclaim, relate”). Verb Edit annunciare to announce __________________________

Answer 68

WILL ``` theléma: will Original Word: θέλημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: theléma Phonetic Spelling: (thel'-ay-mah) Definition: will Usage: an act of will, will; plur: wishes, desires. HELPS Word-studies 2307 thélēma (from 2309 /thélō, "to desire, wish") – properly, a desire (wish), often referring to God's "preferred-will," i.e. His "best-offer" to people which can be accepted or rejected. ``` [Note the -ma suffix, focusing on the result hoped for with the particular desire (wish). 2307 (thélēma) is nearly always used of God, referring to His preferred-will. Occasionally it is used of man (cf. Lk 23:25; Jn 1:13.] ``` NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from theló Definition will NASB Translation desire (1), desires (1), will (57). ``` Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2307: θέλημα θέλημα, θελήματος, τό (θέλω), a word purely Biblical and ecclesiastical (yet found in Aristotle, de plant. 1, 1, p. 815b, 21); the Sept. for חֵפֶץ and רָצון; will, i. e., a. what one wishes or has determined shall be done (i. e. objectively, thing willed): Luke 12:47; John 5:30; 1 Corinthians 7:37; 1 Thessalonians 5:18; 2 Timothy 2:26; Hebrews 10:10; Revelation 4:11; θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ is used — of the purpose of God to bless mankind through Christ, Acts 22:14; Ephesians 1:9; Colossians 1:9; of what God wishes to be done by us, Romans 12:2; Colossians 4:12 (Winer's Grammar, 111 (105)); 1 Peter 4:2; and simply τό θέλημα, Romans 2:18 (Winer's Grammar, 594 (553)) (Sir. 43:16 (17) (but here the better text now adds αὐτοῦ, see Fritzsche; in patristic Greek, however, θέλημα is so used even without the article; cf. Ignatius ad Rom. 1, 1 [ET]; ad Eph. 20, 1 [ET], etc.)); τοῦ κυρίου, Ephesians 5:17; plural commands, precepts: (Mark 3:35 WH. marginal reading); Acts 13:22 (Psalm 102:7 (); 2 Macc. 1:3); ἐστι τό θέλημα τίνος, followed by ἵνα, John 6:39; 1 Corinthians 16:12, cf. Matthew 18:14; followed by an infinitive, 1 Peter 2:15; by an accusative with an infinitive 1 Thessalonians 4:3. (Cf. Buttmann, 237 (204); 240 (207); Winers Grammar, § 44, 8.) b. equivalent to τό θέλειν (i. e. the abstract act of willing, the subjective) will, choice: 1 Peter 3:17 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 604 (562)); 2 Peter 1:21; ποιεῖν τό θέλημα τίνος (especially of God), Matthew 7:21; Matthew 12:50; Matthew 21:31; Mark 3:35 (here WH marginal reading the plural, see above); John 4:34; John 6:38; John 7:17; John 9:31; Ephesians 6:6; Hebrews 10:7, 9, 36; Hebrews 13:21; 1 John 2:17; τό θέλημα (L T Tr WH βούλημα) τίνος κατεργάζεσθαι, 1 Peter 4:3; γίνεται τό θέλημα τίνος, Matthew 6:10; Matthew 26:42; Luke 11:2 L R; ; Acts 21:14; ἡ βουλή τοῦ θελήματος, Ephesians 1:11; ἡ εὐδοκία τοῦ θελήματος Ephesians 1:5; ἐν τῷ θελημάτω τοῦ Θεοῦ, if God will, Romans 1:10; διά θελήματος Θεοῦ, Romans 15:32; 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 8:5; Ephesians 1:1; Colossians 1:1; 2 Timothy 1:1; κατά τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ, Galatians 1:4; (1 Peter 4:19); 1 John 5:14. equivalent to pleasure: Luke 23:25; equivalent to inclination, desire: σαρκός, ἀνδρός, John 1:13; plural Ephesians 2:3. (Synonym: see θέλω, at the end.) Strong's Exhaustive Concordance desire, pleasure, will. From the prolonged form of ethelo; a determination (properly, the thing), i.e. (actively) choice (specially, purpose, decree; abstractly, volition) or (passively) inclination -- desire, pleasure, will. see GREEK ethelo Forms and Transliterations θελημα θέλημα θέλημά θελήμασιν θεληματα θελήματα θελήματά θεληματι θελήματι θελήματί θεληματος θελήματος thelema thelēma thélema thélemá thélēma thélēmá thelemata thelēmata thelḗmata thelḗmatá thelemati thelēmati thelḗmati thelematos thelēmatos thelḗmatos Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts

Answer 69

WISH ``` theló: to will, wish Original Word: θέλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theló Phonetic Spelling: ( eth-el'-o,) Definition: to will, wish Usage: I will, wish, desire, am willing, intend, design. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2309 thélō (a primitive verb, NAS dictionary) – to desire (wish, will), wanting what is best (optimal) because someone is ready and willing to act. ``` 2309 /thélō ("to desire, wish") is commonly used of the Lord extending His "best-offer" to the believer – wanting (desiring) to birth His persuasion (faith) in them which also empowers, manifests His presence etc. See 2307 (thelēma). [Note the close connection between faith (4102 /pístis, "God's inbirthed persuasion") and this root (thel-, 2307 /thélēma); cf. 2 Cor 8:5-7 and Heb 10:36-39).]

Answer 70

THINKING σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις) thought, mental activity. σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to think”) σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”) σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”) From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree σκέψεως • (sképseos) f Genitive singular form of σκέψη (sképsi). σκέψεις • (sképseis) f Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of σκέψη (sképsi). σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) I look at, examine From Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai, from Proto-Indo-European *skep-ye-, from a metathesis of *speḱ-. Cognate to Latin speciō (“I see”). speḱ- to see, to look, to observe _____________________________________ speciō (present infinitive specere, perfect active spexī, supine spectum); third conjugation iō-variant I observe, watch, look at Synonym: spectō spectō (present infinitive spectāre, perfect active spectāvī, supine spectātum); first conjugation I watch, observe, look at, watch I test I consider spectus m (feminine specta, neuter spectum); first/second declension look, appearance, aspect _________________________________ *spéḱyeti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4] to be looking at, to keep looking at From *speḱ- +‎ *-yeti. *(é)-yeti Creates transitive imperfective verbs from roots. _____________________________________ स्पश् • (spáś) m a spy one who looks or beholds; a watcher a messenger From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spáṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spáĉš, from Proto-Indo-European *spéḱs (“spy; watcher, observer”), from *speḱ- (“to see”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯‎ (spas, “spy”), Latin au-spex, haru-spex. Also related to English spy.

Answer 71

CYNIC From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Latin canis, Sanskrit श्वन् (śván) and Old English hund (English hound). The final -ν (-n) in the nominative singular which was absent in *ḱwṓ was restored in Greek by analogy to other forms in the paradigm. ``` κῠ́ων • (kúōn) m, f κῠνός - genitive ("a dog, a bitch") (derogatory) a bitch (used of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity) an offensive person. ``` κυνικός • (kynikós) m (feminine κυνική, neuter κυνικό) cynical A dog. ____________________________________________ *ḱwṓ m dog From Pre-Proto-Indo-European *ḱwóns. Hamp has suggested derivation from *péḱu.[1] Perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n. *péḱu n (oblique stem *peḱu-) livestock. *u-stem of *peḱ- (“livestock”). ``` *peḱ- to pluck (wool, hair) ``` Ancient Greek: πέκω (pékō, “to comb”) Ancient Greek: πεκτέω (pektéō, “to shear”) From πέκω (pékō, “to comb, to card; to shear”) +‎ -ος (-os). πόκος • (pókos) m (genitive πόκου); second declension wool shorn wool, fleece. ____________________________________________ Latin - pecū n (genitive *pecūs); fourth declension cattle domestic animals Latin: pectō (“to comb”) From Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“cattle”). Cognate with Sanskrit पशु (paśu), Lithuanian pekus and Proto-Germanic *fehu (whence English fee, German Vieh, Low German Veeh, Dutch vee, Danish fæ). ____________________________________________ English - fee fee (plural fees) (feudal law) A right to the use of a superior's land, as a stipend for services to be performed; also, the land so held; a fief. (law) An inheritable estate in land held of a feudal lord on condition of the performing of certain services. (law) An estate of inheritance in land, either absolute and without limitation to any particular class of heirs (fee simple) or limited to a particular class of heirs (fee tail). (obsolete) Property; owndom; estate. Wordsworth, On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee. (obsolete) Money paid or bestowed; payment; emolument. (obsolete) A prize or reward. Only used in the set phrase "A finder's fee" in Modern English. A monetary payment charged for professional services. From Middle English fee, fe, feh, feoh, from Old English feoh (“cattle, property, wealth, money, payment, tribute, fee”) and Old French fieu, fief from Medieval Latin fevum, a variant of feudum, from Frankish *fehu (“cattle, livestock”); whence English fief both from Proto-Germanic *fehu (“cattle, sheep, livestock, owndom”), from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock”). Cognate with Old High German fihu (“cattle, neat”), Scots fe, fie (“cattle, sheep, livestock, deer, goods, property, wealth, money, wages”), West Frisian fee (“livestock”), Dutch vee (“cattle, livestock”), Low German Veeh (“cattle, livestock, property”), Veh, German Vieh (“cattle, livestock”), Danish fæ (“cattle, beast, dolt”), Swedish fä (“beast, cattle, dolt”), Norwegian fe (“cattle”), Icelandic fé (“livestock, assets, money”), Latin pecū (“cattle”). ``` Old English - feoh n money livestock, cattle property the runic character ᚠ (/f/) ``` ᚠ A letter of the Runic alphabet, with the reconstructed name *fehu (“cattle”), representing /ɸ/ or /f/. Present in the Elder Fuþark (called fehu), the Anglo-Saxon fuþorc (called feoh), and the Younger Fuþark (called fé). Associated in all three with wealth. ____________________________________________ Wealth From Middle English welth, welthe, weolthe (“happiness, prosperity”) From Old English *welþ, *weleþu From Proto-Germanic *waliþō (“wealth”). Alternatively, possibly an alteration (due to similar words in -th: compare helth (“health”), derth (“dearth”)) of wele (“wealth, well-being, weal”) From Old English wela (“wealth, prosperity”) From Proto-Germanic *walô (“well-being, prosperity”) From Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“good, best”), equivalent to weal +‎ -th. Cognate with Dutch weelde (“wealth”), Low German weelde (“wealth”), Old High German welida, welitha (“wealth”). Related also to German Wohl (“welfare, well-being, weal”), Danish vel (“weal, welfare”), Swedish väl (“well-being, weal”). More at weal, well. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 72

ACTUARIAL CALCULATION αναλογισμός Actuarial calculation. calculation { noun } consideration { noun } reckoning { noun verb } ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 73

MEDITATION Reflection Discussion ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 74

CONCEIVE ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 75

ABIDE BY - OBSERVE A RULE - HEED OBEY abide by εμμένω , διαμένω με , τηρώ observe παρατηρώ , τηρώ , παρακολουθώ observe a rule τηρώ ένα κανόνα ____________________________________________ observe (v.) late 14c., "to hold to" (a manner of life or course of conduct), from Old French observer, osserver "to observe, watch over, follow" (10c.), from Latin observare "watch over, note, heed, look to, attend to, guard, regard, comply with," from ob "in front of, before" (see ob-) + servare "to watch, keep safe," from PIE root *ser- (1) "to protect." Meaning "to attend to in practice, to keep, follow" is attested from late 14c. Sense of "watch, perceive, notice" is 1560s, via notion of "see and note omens." Meaning "to say by way of remark" is from c. 1600. Related: Observed; observing. ____________________________________________ *ser- (1) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to protect." It forms all or part of: conservation; conservative; conserve; observance; observatory; observe; preserve; reservation; reserve; reservoir. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Avestan haurvaiti "to guard;" Latin servare "to guard, keep, watch;" Old Church Slavonic xraniti "to guard, protect;" Old High German gi-sarwi "armor, equipment," Old English searu "art, skill; wile, deceit." ____________________________________________ *ser- (2) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to line up." It forms all or part of: assert; assertion; assort; consort; desert (v.) "to leave one's duty;" desertion; dissertation; ensorcell; exert; exsert; insert; seriatim; seriation; series; sermon; serried; sorcerer; sorcery; sort. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sarat- "thread;" Greek eirein "to fasten together in rows;" Latin serere "to join, link, bind together," series "row, chain, series, sequence, succession;" Gothic sarwa (plural) "armor, arms;" Old Norse sörve "necklace of stringed pearls;" Old Irish sernaid "he joins together;" Welsh ystret "a row." ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 76

WATCH - MONITOR - ATTEND - OBSERVE ____________________________________________ τηρώ Observe Abide by —————————————————— παρατηρώ ``` to regard to notice to note to observe to espy Take heed ``` —————————————————— παρακολουθώ • (parakolouthó) (simple past παρακολούθησα, passive παρακολουθούμαι) watch, spectate surveille, keep watch on follow, trail ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 77

APPREHEND apprehend (v.) late 14c., "grasp with the senses or mind;" early 15c. as "grasp, take hold of" physically, from Latin apprehendere "to take hold of, grasp," from ad "to" (see ad-) + prehendere "to seize" (from prae- "before;" see pre- + -hendere, from PIE root *ghend- "to seize, take"). Often "to hold in opinion but without positive certainty." ____________________________________________ The metaphoric extension to "seize with the mind" took place in Latin and was the sole sense of cognate Old French aprendre (12c., Modern French appréhender); also compare apprentice). Specific meaning "seize in the name of the law, arrest," is from 1540s. Meaning "be in fear of the future, anticipate with dread" is from c. 1600. Related: Apprehended; apprehending. ____________________________________________ *ghend- also *ghed-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to seize, to take." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek khandanein "to hold, contain;" Lithuanian godėtis "be eager;" second element in Latin prehendere "to grasp, seize;" Welsh gannu "to hold, contain;" Russian za-gadka "riddle;" Old Norse geta "to obtain, reach; to be able to; to beget; to learn; to be pleased with;" Albanian gjen "to find." It forms all or part of: apprehend; apprentice; apprise; beget; comprehend; comprehension; comprehensive; comprise; depredate; depredation; emprise; enterprise; entrepreneur; forget; get; guess; impresario; misprision; osprey; predatory; pregnable; prehensile; prehension; prey; prison; prize (n.2) "something taken by force;" pry (v.2) "raise by force;" reprehend; reprieve; reprisal; reprise; spree; surprise. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 78

REALIZE - SEE THROUGH αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (simple past αντιλήφθηκα) realise, understand, see through ____________________________________________ Synonym συνειδητοποιώ ____________________________________________ Related term λαμβάνω (lamváno, “to get, to receive, to take”) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (simple past αντιλήφθηκα) realise, understand, see through ____________________________________________ From λαμβάνω (“to get, to receive, to take”) ____________________________________________ λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (simple past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι) get, receive take (figuratively) understand, get. ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”) αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”) απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”) επαναλαμβάνω (epanalamváno, “to repeat”) καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”) λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”) λαβαίνω • (lavaíno) (simple past έλαβα, passive. Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno)

Answer 79

MAKE AWARE συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (simple past συνειδητοποίησα) realise, be aware of ____________________________________________ From συνειδητός (“conscious”) +‎ ποιώ ("make”). ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

Answer 80

TO STUDY - PONDER - CONTEMPLATE μελετώ • (meletó) (simple past μελέτησα, passive μελετώμαι) study practise (UK), practice (US) contemplate, deliberate. μελετάω • (meletáo) (simple past μελέτησα, passive μελετώμαι) Alternative form of μελετώ (meletó)

Answer 81

I WEIGH - SIZE UP - I PONDER το pronoun to the, it με preposition, pronoun me with, by, me ζυγίζω verb weigh, size up, balance

Answer 82

EXAMINE - PRY - CONSIDER to examine, examine, consider, pry, question

Answer 83

THE WORD - LOGICAL DISCOURSE a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech properly, a collecting, collection (see λέγω) — and that, as well of those things which are put together in thought, as of those which, having been thought i. e. gathered together in the mind, are expressed in words. Matter under discussion, thing spoken of, affair. Reason, the mental faculty of thinking, meditating, reasoning, calculating, etc.: once so in the phrase ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, of the divine mind, pervading and noting all things by its proper force. A word which, uttered by the living voice, embodies a conception or idea; (hence, it differs from ῤῆμα and ἔπος. What someone has said; a saying. specifically, the doctrine concerning the attainment through Christ of salvation in the kingdom of God To utter a distinct word, intelligible speech. logos: a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech Original Word: λόγος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: logos Phonetic Spelling: (log'-os) Definition: a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech Usage: a word, speech, divine utterance, analogy. 3056 lógos (from 3004 /légō, "speaking to a conclusion") – a word, being the expression of a thought; a saying. 3056 /lógos ("word") is preeminently used of Christ (Jn 1:1), expressing the thoughts of the Father through the Spirit. [3056 (lógos) is a common term (used 330 times in the NT) with regards to a person sharing a message (discourse, "communication-speech"). 3056 (lógos) is a broad term meaning "reasoning expressed by words."] ``` account (7), account* (1), accounting (2), accounts (2), answer (1), appearance (1), complaint (1), exhortation* (1), have to do (1), instruction (1), length* (1), matter (4), matters (1), message (10), news (3), preaching (1), question (2), reason (2), reasonable (1), remark (1), report (1), said (1), say (1), saying (4), sayings (1), speaker (1), speech (10), statement (18), story (1), talk (1), teaching (2), thing (2), things (1), utterance (2), what he says (1), what* (1), word (179), words (61). ```

Answer 84

MEDITATE UPON - CALCULATE Syllogism From σῠν- (“together”) +‎ λογίζομαι (“to calculate”). Verb σῠλλογῐ́ζομαι • (sullogízomai) (Attic, Koine) to compute, calculate (logic) to conclude from premises, infer (beginning with Aristotle) to infer by using syllogisms, syllogistically (rare) to plan.

Answer 85

COUNT - RECKON to reckon, count, compute, calculate, count over to take into account, to make an account of metaph. to pass to one's account, to impute a thing is reckoned as or to be something, i.e. as availing for or equivalent to something, as having the like force and weight to number among, reckon with to reckon or account to reckon inward, count up or weigh the reasons, to deliberate by reckoning up all the reasons, to gather or infer to consider, take into account, weigh, meditate on to suppose, deem, judge to determine, purpose, decide. ``` Original Word: λογίζομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: logizomai Phonetic Spelling: (log-id'-zom-ahee) Definition: to reckon, to consider Usage: I reckon, count, charge with; reason, decide, conclude; think, suppose. ``` logízomai (the root of the English terms "logic, logical") – properly, compute, "take into account"; reckon (come to a "bottom-line"), i.e. reason to a logical conclusion (decision).

Answer 86

CONCLUSION - TO SAY légō (originally, "lay down to sleep," used later of "laying an argument to rest," i.e. bringing a message to closure. properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, "laying it to rest"). In its earliest use in Homer to lay. To lay with, count with; to enumerate, recount, narrate. describe. To collect, gather; to pick out. To put words together like building blocks. To lay down bricks, "lego's" ``` λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. ```

Answer 87

TO KNOW ξέρεις • (xéreis) 2nd person singular present form of ξέρω (xéro). θα ξέρεις: 2nd person singular imperfective future form of ξέρω (xéro). να ξέρεις: 2nd person singular present subjunctive form of ξέρω (xéro). να ξέρεις: 2nd person singular perfective future subjunctive form of ξέρω (xéro). ξέρω 'γω (xéro 'go, “I've no idea”) literal translation: "know I". (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”)

Answer 88

ACQUAINTANCE - TO KNOW SOMEONE/SOMETHING (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω.― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person.

Answer 89

TO KNOW γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) γνώρισα (simple past) γνωρίζομαι (passive) know (something), be aware know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance. __________________________________ αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”) Related terms ``` γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) ``` See also ξέρω (xéro, “to know a fact”) __________________________________________ γνώση • (gnósi) f (plural γνώσεις) knowledge, scholarship (knowing; understanding) __________________________________________ πεδίο γνώσης n (“field of knowledge”) πεδίο • (pedío) n (plural πεδία) field, domain, range. πεδίον • (pedíon) n (genitive πεδίου); second declension open country, field, plain, flat metatarsus female genitals πέδον • (pédon) n (genitive πέδου); second declension ground, earth. 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 • (pēdan) n place floor, ground. Sanskrit पद (padá, “step, footstep, footprint”) See also Hittite 𒉺𒋫 (pa-ta, “foot”) From Proto-Indo-European *pedóm (“step; bottom, floor”) derived from *ped- (“to walk, to step”). *ped- to walk, to step to stumble, to fall. πούς • (poús) m (genitive ποδός); third declension foot leg (unit of measure) Greek foot or pous, the ancient Greek and Byzantine unit of length originally based upon the length of a shod foot. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________

Answer 90

RESULTING KNOWLEDGE γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension Knowledge as a result of study and inquiry. ____________________________________________ From γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) +‎ -σις (-sis). -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. ________________________________________ Original Word: γινώσκω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ginóskó Phonetic Spelling: (ghin-oce'-ko) Definition: to come to know, recognize, perceive Usage: I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn; aor: I ascertained, realized. HELPS Word-studies 1097 ginṓskō – properly, to know, especially through personal experience (first-hand acquaintance). 1097 /ginṓskō ("experientially know") is used for example in Lk 1:34, "And Mary [a virgin] said to the angel, 'How will this be since I do not know (1097 /ginṓskō = sexual intimacy) a man?'" ________________________________________ γιγνώσκω I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn. I know, understand I distinguish, discern (with genitive) I am aware of something (followed by relative clauses) I perceive that... (in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think. __________________________________ ``` γνῶσις Original Word: γνῶσις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: gnósis Phonetic Spelling: (gno'-sis) Definition: a knowing, knowledge Usage: knowledge, doctrine, wisdom. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 1108 gnṓsis (a feminine noun derived from 1097 /ginṓskō, "experientially know") – functional ("working") knowledge gleaned from first-hand (personal) experience, connecting theory to application; "application-knowledge," gained in (by) a direct relationship. See 1097 (ginōskō). ``` 1108 /gnṓsis ("applied-knowledge") is only as accurate (reliable) as the relationship it derives from. For example, the Gnostics boasted of their "applied knowledge" gained by their personal spiritual experiences – and it was (is) disastrous! ["Gnosticism" is literally, "the cult based on having special, personal knowledge" (1108 /gnṓsis).] __________________________________ WILL KNOW γνῷ γνῷ (gnō) — 4 Occurrences ``` John 7:51 V-ASA-3S GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ NAS: hears from him and knows what KJV: him, and know what he doeth? INT: himself and known what he does ``` ``` John 11:57 V-ASA-3S GRK: ἐάν τις γνῷ ποῦ ἐστὶν NAS: anyone knew where KJV: if any man knew where he were, INT: if anyone should know where he is ``` ``` John 14:31 V-ASA-3S GRK: ἀλλ' ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κόσμος NAS: that the world may know that I love KJV: that the world may know that I love INT: but that might know the world ``` _____________________________________ KNEW ἔγνω ``` ἔγνω (egnō) — 16 Occurrences Mark 5:29 V-AIA-3S GRK: αὐτῆς καὶ ἔγνω τῷ σώματι NAS: was dried up; and she felt in her body KJV: and she felt in [her] body INT: of her and she knew in [her] body ``` ``` John 1:10 V-AIA-3S GRK: αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω NAS: Him, and the world did not know Him. KJV: and the world knew him not. INT: him not knew ``` ``` John 4:1 V-AIA-3S GRK: Ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς NAS: the Lord knew that the Pharisees KJV: the Lord knew how INT: When therefore knew Jesus ``` ______________________________________ YOU KNEW ἔγνως ``` ἔγνως (egnōs) — 3 Occurrences Luke 19:42 V-AIA-2S GRK: ὅτι Εἰ ἔγνως ἐν τῇ NAS: saying, If you had known in this day, KJV: If thou hadst known, even INT: If you had known in the ``` ``` Luke 19:44 V-AIA-2S GRK: ὧν οὐκ ἔγνως τὸν καιρὸν NAS: because you did not recognize the time KJV: because thou knewest not INT: which not you knew the season ``` Luke 24:18 V-AIA-2S GRK: καὶ οὐκ ἔγνως τὰ γενόμενα KJV: not known the things which are come to pass INT: and not have known the things which have come to pass ____________________________________ I KNEW ἔγνων ``` ἔγνων (egnōn) — 6 Occurrences Matthew 7:23 V-AIA-1S GRK: ὅτι Οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς ἀποχωρεῖτε NAS: to them, 'I never knew you; DEPART KJV: I never knew you: depart INT: Never knew I you depart you ``` ______________________________________ YOU WILL KNOW γνῷς ``` γνῷς (gnōs) — 1 Occurrence Revelation 3:3 V-ASA-2S GRK: οὐ μὴ γνῷς ποίαν ὥραν NAS: a thief, and you will not know at what KJV: thou shalt not know what hour INT: no not shall you know what hour ``` ``` Matthew 25:24 V-AIA-1S GRK: εἶπεν Κύριε ἔγνων σε ὅτι NAS: Master, I knew you to be a hard KJV: and said, Lord, I knew thee that INT: said Lord I knew you that ``` ``` Luke 8:46 V-AIA-1S GRK: ἐγὼ γὰρ ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν NAS: did touch Me, for I was aware that power KJV: for I perceive that virtue is gone INT: I indeed knew [that] power went out ``` ___________________________________ YOU WILL BE KNOWING γνώσῃ γνώσῃ (gnōsē) — 1 Occurrence John 13:7 V-FIM-2S GRK: οἶδας ἄρτι γνώσῃ δὲ μετὰ NAS: now, but you will understand hereafter. KJV: now; but thou shalt know hereafter. INT: know presently you will know moreover with ____________________________________ I WILL KNOW γνώσομαι ``` γνώσομαι (gnōsomai) — 2 Occurrences Luke 1:18 V-FIM-1S GRK: Κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο ἐγὼ NAS: How will I know this KJV: Whereby shall I know this? INT: By what will I know this I ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 4:19 V-FIM-1S GRK: θελήσῃ καὶ γνώσομαι οὐ τὸν NAS: wills, and I shall find out, not the words KJV: will, and will know, not the speech INT: wills and I will know not the ``` ____________________________________ TO KNOW γνῶναι γνῶναι (gnōnai) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 13:11 V-ANA GRK: Ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια NAS: them, To you it has been granted to know the mysteries KJV: unto you to know the mysteries INT: to you it has been given to know the mysteries ``` Mark 7:24 V-ANA GRK: οὐδένα ἤθελεν γνῶναι καὶ οὐκ NAS: no one to know [of it]; yet KJV: no man know [it]: but INT: no one he wished to know [it] and not ```

Answer 91

FACT γεγονός • (gegonós) n (plural γεγονότα) event, fact, occurrence

Answer 92

YOU KNOW From γόνω (offspring) + γνῶσῐς (knowledge) γινώσκεις know V-PIA-2S ———————————————— From γόνω (offspring) + γνῶσῐς (knowledge) ``` γόνω γόνω: translation offspring that which is begotten masc / fem nom / voc / acc dual offspring that which is begotten masc / fem gen sg (doric aeolic) ``` ``` γόνος offspring child, descendant The offspring of a well - known family was seen as the protagonist of the theater sperm, seed the pollen of flowers fish eggs or pups brood fishing is prohibited ``` γόνῳ - γόνος that which is begotten masc / fem dat sg… Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικοί δείκτης ) γόνωι - γόνῳ, γόνος that which is begotten masc / fem dat sg… Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικές δείκτης ) ζωγονώ - ζωγονώ, έω (Α) πάπ. (for trees) I am thirsty, I am in prosperity. ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.

Answer 93

KNOW *gnō-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to know." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jna- "know;" Avestan zainti- "knowledge," Old Persian xšnasatiy "he shall know;" Old Church Slavonic znati "recognizes," Russian znat "to know;" Latin gnoscere "get to know," nobilis "known, famous, noble;" Greek gignoskein "to know," gnotos "known," gnosis "knowledge, inquiry;" Old Irish gnath "known;" German kennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known." ``` It forms all or part of: acknowledge; acquaint; agnostic; anagnorisis; astrognosy; ``` ``` can (v.1) "have power to, be able;" cognition; cognizance; con (n.2) "study;" connoisseur; could; couth; cunning; ``` diagnosis; ennoble; gnome; (n.2) "short, pithy statement of general truth;" ``` gnomic; gnomon; gnosis; gnostic; Gnostic; ``` ignoble; ignorant; ignore; incognito; ken (n.1) "cognizance, intellectual view;" kenning; kith; know; knowledge; ``` narrate; narration; nobility; noble; notice; notify; notion; notorious; ``` physiognomy; prognosis; quaint; recognize; reconnaissance; reconnoiter; uncouth; Zend.

Answer 94

NOTION From nōtus (“known, recognized, acquainted with”), perfect passive participle of nōscō. nōtiō f (genitive nōtiōnis); third declension acquaintance (becoming acquainted) examination, investigation notion, idea. nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge. Hic Natus Ubique Notus Born Here, Known Everywhere (motto of the Allende Institute in reference to Ignacio de Allende) Verb Edit nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge. Hic Natus Ubique Notus Born Here, Known Everywhere (motto of the Allende Institute in reference to Ignacio de Allende) _______________________________________ From earlier gnōscō from Proto-Italic *gnōskō from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti. gnōscō (present infinitive gnōscere, perfect active gnōvī, supine gnōtum); third conjugation Alternative form of nōscō. *gnōskō know, get to know. From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti. From *ǵneh₃- +‎ *-sḱéti. To recognize. *ǵneh₃- (perfective) to know. _________________________________________ ``` Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis) Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē) Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma) Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn) Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos) Ancient Greek: γνωστός (gnostós) Ancient Greek: άγνωστος (ágnostos) ``` __________________________________________ γνωστός • (gnostós) m (feminine γνωστή, neuter γνωστό) Adjective known. familiar. From Ancient Greek γνωστός (gnōstós), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”). __________________________________________ γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō) I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn. (with genitive) I am aware of something. (followed by relative clauses) I perceive that... (in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think. From γνω- (gnō-), lengthened grade of the root of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -μη (-mē). γνώμη • (gnómi) f (plural γνώμες) opinion, perception (subjective thought) -μη Noun forming suffix. γῐνώσκω • (ginṓskō) an alternative later spelling of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō) __________________________________________ ``` γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension NOUN means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision ``` __________________________________________ γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō) I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn. I know, understand I distinguish, discern (with genitive) I am aware of something. (followed by relative clauses) I perceive that... -σκω Present tense inchoative verb suffix. __________________________________________ γνωστός • (gnostós) m (plural γνωστοί) acquaintance, a person whom one knows; a familiar. One with whom another is acquainted. __________________________________________ αγνώριστος (agnóristos, “unrecognisable”) __________________________________________ γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know, to meet”) ``` VERB γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (simple past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) know (something), be aware know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance. ``` γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō) make known (in passive: become known) learn, discover. From γνῶσις (“known”) +‎ -ίζω γνωρίζω (“to know, to meet”) -ῐ́ζω • (-ízō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote: adhere to the policy of the city mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym ‎-ίζω (-ízō) + ‎Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → ‎λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō) __________________________________________ αναγνωρίσιμος From... ανα- (“repeated”) +‎ γνωρίζω (“know”) αναγνωρίσιμος • (anagnorísimos) m (feminine αναγνωρίσιμη, neuter αναγνωρίσιμο) recognisable (UK), recognizable (US) αναγνωρίζω • (anagnorízo) (simple past αναγνώρισα, passive αναγνωρίζομαι) recognise (UK), recognize (US), identify acknowledge, admit Αναγνωρίζω τα λάθη μου. ― Anagnorízo ta láthi mou. ― I admit my mistakes. __________________________________________ ``` γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) __________________________________________ ``` γνώστης • (gnóstis) m, f (plural γνώστες, feminine γνώστρια) Expert - (masculine) γνώστρια • (gnóstria) f (plural γνώστριες, masculine γνώστης) Expert - (feminine) __________________________________________ γνώρισα I knew. __________________________________________ γνωρίζομαι • (gnorízomai) passive (simple past γνωρίστηκα, active γνωρίζω) To know each other. (passive) meet, get to know each other. (As opposed to... I know him.) "Active" (As opposed to... He knows me.) "Passive" ____________________________________________ γνώριμος • (gnórimos) m (feminine γνώριμη, neuter γνώριμο) Adjective familiar, known. -ῐμος • (-imos) m, f (neuter -ῐμον); second declension Added to the stems of verbs or verbal nouns in -σις (-sis) to form an adjective of possibility or capability: -able, -ible, -like, -ed. ‎δοκέω (dokéō, “seem good”) + ‎-ιμος (-imos) → ‎δόκιμος (dókimos, “approved”) __________________________________________ άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (feminine άγνωστη, neuter άγνωστο) unknown, strange. One with whom another is unacquainted. άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (plural άγνωστοι) stranger (a person one does not know) (mathematics) unknown. __________________________________________ αγνωστικός • (agnostikós) m (plural αγνωστικοί, feminine αγνωστικίστρια) Agnostic. __________________________________________ αγνωστικιστής • (agnostikistís) m (plural αγνωστικιστές, feminine αγνωστικίστρια) Agnosticist. -ιστής added to a noun or adjective to create words for a male person who is a follower or supporter of that notion; -ist: added to a noun, adjective or verb to create words for a male person who behaves in a certain way; -ist, -er: added to a noun or verb to create words for a male person who is a habitual doer of said action; -ist, -er: αγνωσιαρχία f (agnosiarchía, “agnosticism”) αγνωστικισμός m (agnostikismós, “agnosticism”) αγνωστικιστής m (agnostikistís, “agnostic”) αγνωστικιστικός (agnostikistikós, “agnostic”, adjective) αγνωστικίστρια f (agnostikístria, “agnostic”) αγνωστοποίητος (agnostopoíitos, “undisclosed”) άγνωστος (ágnostos, “inexperienced; unfamiliar”, adjective) __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ DERIVED TERMS ``` ἀγνοέω (agnoéō) ἀγνώμων (agnṓmōn) ἀγνώς (agnṓs) ἄγνωτος (ágnōtos) ἀλλογνοέω (allognoéō) ἀλλογνώμων (allognṓmōn) ἀλλογνώς (allognṓs) ἀλλόγνωτος (allógnōtos) ἀμφιγνοέω (amphignoéō) ἀμφοτερογνώμων (amphoterognṓmōn) ᾰ̓νᾰγιγνώσκω (anagignṓskō) ᾰ̓πογιγνώσκω (apogignṓskō) ἀργῠρογνώμων (argurognṓmōn) ᾰ̓ριγνώς (arignṓs) ᾰ̓ρίγνωτος (arígnōtos) ἀρτίγνωστος (artígnōstos) αὐτογνώμων (autognṓmōn) αὐτόγνωτος (autógnōtos) βᾰθῠγνώμων (bathugnṓmōn) βρᾰχῠγνώμων (brakhugnṓmōn) γνωμοδοτέω (gnōmodotéō) γνωμολογέω (gnōmologéō) γνωμοτῠ́πος (gnōmotúpos) γνωμοφλῠᾱκέω (gnōmophluākéō) δῐᾰγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō) διγνώμων (dignṓmōn) δῐχογνώμων (dikhognṓmōn) δουλογνώμων (doulognṓmōn) δυσγνώμων (dusgnṓmōn) δύσγνωστος (dúsgnōstos) ἐγγιγνώσκω (engignṓskō) ἐναντῐογνώμων (enantiognṓmōn) ἐπῐγιγνώσκω (epigignṓskō) ἑτερογνώμων (heterognṓmōn) εὐγνώμων (eugnṓmōn) εὔγνωστος (eúgnōstos) εὐθῠ́γνωμος (euthúgnōmos) ἑχετογνώμονες (hekhetognṓmones) ἡδυγνώμων (hēdugnṓmōn) θεόγνωστος (theógnōstos) ῐ̓δῐογνώμων (idiognṓmōn) ἱππογνώμων (hippognṓmōn) ἰσχῡρογνώμων (iskhūrognṓmōn) κᾰκογνώμων (kakognṓmōn) κᾰλογνώμων (kalognṓmōn) καρδῐογνώστης (kardiognṓstēs) κᾰτᾰγιγνώσκω (katagignṓskō) καταγνοέω (katagnoéō) λειπογνώμων (leipognṓmōn) λεπτογνώμων (leptognṓmōn) λῐθογνώμων (lithognṓmōn) μᾰλᾰκογνώμων (malakognṓmōn) μεγᾰλογνώμων (megalognṓmōn) μετᾰγιγνώσκω (metagignṓskō) μικρογνωμοσῠ́νη (mikrognōmosúnē) μοιρογνωμόνῐον (moirognōmónion) μονογνώμων (monognṓmōn) νοσογνωμονῐκός (nosognōmonikós) ὀλῐγογνώμων (oligognṓmōn) ὀλισθογνωμονέω (olisthognōmonéō) ὁμογνώμων (homognṓmōn) ὀρθογνώμων (orthognṓmōn) ὀρνῑθογνώμων (ornīthognṓmōn) οὐρᾰνογνώμων (ouranognṓmōn) πᾰθογνωμονῐκός (pathognōmonikós) πᾰρᾰγιγνώσκω (paragignṓskō) πᾱσιγνωστος (pāsignōstos) πολυγνώμων (polugnṓmōn) πολύγνωτος (polúgnōtos) προβᾰτογνώμων (probatognṓmōn) προγιγνώσκω (progignṓskō) προσγιγνώσκω (prosgignṓskō) Σεβαστόγνωστος (Sebastógnōstos) σκληρογνώμων (sklērognṓmōn) συγγιγνώσκω (sungignṓskō) τοιουτογνώμων (toioutognṓmōn) ὑδρογνώμων (hudrognṓmōn) ὑψηλογνώμων (hupsēlognṓmōn) φῠσιογνώμων (phusiognṓmōn) ὡρογνωμονέω (hōrognōmonéō) ``` RELATED TERMS ``` γνώμη (gnṓmē) γνωμηδόν (gnōmēdón) γνωμηστός (gnōmēstós) γνωμῐ́δῐον (gnōmídion) γνωμῐκός (gnōmikós) γνωμοσῠ́νη (gnōmosúnē) γνώμων (gnṓmōn) γνωρίζω (gnōrízō) γνώρῐμος (gnṓrimos) γνωστός (gnōstós) γνωτέρα (gnōtéra) γνωτός (gnōtós) γνῶμᾰ (gnôma) γνῶσῐς (gnôsis) ```

Answer 95

SCIENCE - STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE From ἐπίσταμαι from ἐπί +‎ ἵστημι ἐπιστήμη • (epistḗmē) f (genitive ἐπιστήμης); first declension science knowledge _________________________________ επιστημονικός • (epistimonikós) m (feminine επιστημονική, neuter επιστημονικό) scientific (scientif-ic) -ικός (-ic) __________________________________ επιστήμη • (epistími) f (plural επιστήμες) (sciences) science φυσικές επιστήμες ― fysikés epistímes ― natural sciences. επιστήμονας m, f (epistímonas, “scientist”) επιστημονικός (epistimonikós, “scientific”) επιστητό n (epistitó, “knowledge”) ψευδοεπιστήμη f (psevdoepistími, “pseudoscience”) _________________________________________ ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi) Verb (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) to make to stand, to stand, set. From Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, the reduplicated present of *steh₂-. Cognates include Old English standan (English stand), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) (root √sthā), Latin stō, sistō, Old Armenian ստանամ (stanam), Persian ایستادن‎ (istādan). ______________________________________ στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) ``` a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree ``` ______________________________________ στάση • (stási) f (plural στάσεις) ``` position, attitude, stance (physical or mental) (transport) stop, bus stop (film) frame stop (coming to a halt) mutiny, rebellion stasis. ``` στάσεως • (stáseos) f Genitive singular form of στάση (stási). ________________________________________ ἀνάστασις f ( “stand again, resurrection”) αντίσταση f (“resistance”) έκσταση f (“ecstacy”) κατάσταση f (“condition, situation”) στάση λεωφορείου f (“bus stop”) στασιαστής m (“rebel”) σταθμός m (stathmós, “station”) ______________________________________ Proof-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti (imperfective) to be standing up, to be getting up. ``` *steh₂- (perfective) to stand (up) ``` *stestóh₂e (stative) to be standing. ``` *stoh₂éyeti (imperfective) to cause to stand.. From *steh₂- (“stand”) +‎ *-éyeti. From *-yeti. *(o)-éyeti Forms causative imperfective verbs from roots. Forms iterative or frequentative imperfective verbs from roots. _____________________________________ ``` ``` Latin stabulum n (genitive stabulī); second declension. From st(ā) +‎ -bulum. dwelling, habitation stall, stable hut tavern, public house, hostelry brothel. ``` -bulum From Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”). -bulum n (genitive -bulī); second declension Noun suffix denoting instrument. Noun suffix denoting vessel or place. Noun suffix denoting person. (rare) ``` Latin - stō I stand I stay, remain (Medieval Latin) I [currently] am (feel) (Medieval Latin) I am [located at] ``` Latin - sistō (present infinitive) - sistere (perfect active) - stitī or stetī (supine) - statum (transitive) I cause to stand; I set; I place. (intransitive) I place myself; I stand. (transitive, law) I cause to appear in court. (intransitive, law) I appear in court. (intransitive) I stand still; I halt; I stand firm. ``` Latin - statiō f (genitive statiōnis); third declension outpost, picket station watch a standing, standing firm, position ``` ________________________________________ तिष्ठति • (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था, class 1, type P) 1. to stand, stand firmly, station oneself, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on. 2. to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action. 3. to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with locative or ind.p.) 4. to continue to be or exist (as opposed to "perish"), endure, last to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand. 5. to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate. 6. to be directed to or fixed on (+ locative) 7. (causative) to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute. 8. (causative) to affirm, assent 9. (causative) to appoint (to any office + locative) 10. (causative) to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (+ two accusatives) _______________________________________ Old English - stede To place. Old English - stedefæst firmly fixed; rooted to one spot; secure (of a person, figuratively) steadfast. From Old English fæst (“secure, firm”). Proto-Germanic - *stadiz place, location. *-þiz f Forms abstract nouns from verb roots, usually from strong verbs. Proto-Germanic - *stāną to stand. Proto-Indo-European - *stéh₂tis oblique stem *sth₂téy- standing, position. Proto-Hellenic/ *státis standing. _________________________________________ STATOR The stator is the stationary part of a rotary system, found in electric generators, electric motors, sirens, mud motors or biological rotors. Energy flows through a stator to or from the rotating component of the system. In an electric motor, the stator provides a rotating magnetic field that drives the rotating armature; in a generator, the stator converts the rotating magnetic field to electric current.

Answer 96

ATTENTION From πρός (“to, towards, with”) +‎ ἔχω (“I have, hold”) προσοχή • (prosokhḗ) f (genitive προσοχῆς); first declension (Koine) (Koine) attention. From προσέχω (“to guard against”) +‎ -η (abstract noun suffix). -η Forms abstract action noun. προσέχω • (prosékhō) I hold to, offer, I bring to. I bring a ship near a place, bring it to port, I put in, touch at a place, (absolute) I land. I turn to or towards a thing, I turn my mind, thoughts, attention to a thing.

Answer 97

REMEMBER μῐμνήσκω • (mimnḗskō) (active) (transitive) To remind [+accusative and genitive = someone of something], put in mind. From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-eh₂-sḱe-, from the root *men- with inchoative suffix -σκω (-skō). __________________________________ μνάομαι • (mnáomai) to be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance to woo, court. From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”). Compare μαίνομαι (maínomai), μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō), as well as Sanskrit मन्यते (mányate), Sanskrit म्ना (√mnā), whence Sanskrit मनति (manati, “remember, repeat in the mind”), Old Church Slavonic мьнѣти (mĭněti) and Lithuanian miniu. ______________________________________ ᾰ̓μνηστῐ́ᾱ • (amnēstíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓μνηστῐ́ᾱς); first declension Amnesty forgetfulness (and especially) an amnesty failure to mention (a thing), passing (it) over. From ᾰ̓́μνηστος (ámnēstos, “forgotten, forgetful”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix), ultimately from μνάομαι (mnáomai, “remember”). _____________________________________ μνῆμα • (mnêma) n (genitive μνήμᾰτος); third declension memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing mound or building in honour of the dead memorial dedicated to a god. From μνάομαι (mnáomai) + -μα (-ma) _____________________________________ μνήμη • (mnḗmē) f (genitive μνήμης); first declension Memory, remembrance. _____________________________________ μνημεῖον • (mnēmeîon) n (genitive μνημείου); second declension any memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing. memorial of a dead person; a monument. From μνήμη (mnḗmē, “memory”) +‎ -εῖον (-eîon), from μνᾰ́ομαι (mnáomai, “I am mindful of”) +‎ -μη (-mē). -εῖον • (-eîon) n (genitive -είου); second declension Forms nouns, usually instruments or means of action, from noun-stems. Originally from adjectives in -εῖος (-eîos) -εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er _____________________________________ ``` Synonyms Edit (memory): ανάμνηση f (anámnisi) (memory): θύμηση f (thýmisi) Antonyms Edit αμνησία f (amnisía) λήθη f (líthi) λησμονιά f (lismoniá) Related terms Edit αμνημόνευτος (amnimóneftos, “immemorial”, adjective) αμνημοσύνη f (amnimosýni, “forgetfulness”) αμνήμων f (amnímon, “forgetful”) αμνησία f (amnisía, “amnesia”) αμνησικακία f (amnisikakía, “forgiveness”) αμνησίκακος (amnisíkakos, “forgiving”, adjective) αμνηστία f (amnistía, “amnesty”) μνήμα n (mníma, “tomb”) μνημείο n (mnimeío, “memorial, monument”) ``` _____________________________________ μνημοσῠ́νη • (mnēmosúnē) f (genitive μνημοσῠ́νης); first declension memory From μνήμων (“remembering”) +‎ -σύνη (-súnē). -σῠ́νη • (-súnē) m (genitive -σῠ́νης); first declension Forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns... ‎δῐ́καιος (“just”) + ‎-σῠ́νη → ‎ δῐκαιοσύνη (“justice”) ‎μᾰ́ντις (“diviner”) + ‎-οσῠ́νη → ‎ μαντοσύνη (“divination”) ‎μνήμων (“remembering”) + ‎-οσῠ́νη → ‎ μνημοσύνη (“memory”) ‎σώφρων (“prudent”) + ‎-σῠ́νη → ‎ σωφροσύνη (“prudence”)

Answer 98

MIND - HEART - EMOTIONS - SOUL Phrenology (from Ancient Greek φρήν (phrēn), meaning 'mind', and λόγος (logos), meaning 'knowledge') is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits. Synonyms (seat of emotions): θῡμός (thūmós), πραπίς (prapís) From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”). ``` ᾰ̓φροσῠ́νη (aphrosúnē) ἄφρων ἀ- (“not”) +‎ -φρων (“mind”) Adjective senseless, crazed, frantic, silly, foolish. ``` -φρων A stem found in adjectives relating to the mind or emotions. From o-grade of φρήν (“heart, mind”). From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”). Related to Old Norse grunr (“suspicious”). φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension (often in the plural) The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast. The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger. The seat of intellect, wits, mind will, purpose. ________________________________________________ ``` -φρων (-phrōn) ἄφρων (“foolish”) περίφρων (“very prudent”) πρόφρων (“eager, earnest”) σώφρων (“prudent”) φρονέω (“think, be wise”) φρενῖτις (phrenîtis) φρενόω (“make wise”) ``` _____________________________________________ φρενῖτις • (phrenîtis) inflammation of the brain. _______________________________________ περῐ́φρων • (períphrōn) m, f (neuter — Having very good sense, wise, sagacious, prudent. (later) excessively confident, haughty. _______________________________________ πρόφρων • (próphrōn) (feminine πρόφρων, πρόφρασσα (Epic), neuter πρόφρον); third declension zealous, eager, earnest. προ- (pro-) +‎ -φρων (-phrōn) _______________________________________ σώφρων • (sṓphrōn) m, f (neuter σῶφρον); third declension Of sound mind: sane moderate, prudent, sensible, reasonable self-controlled, temperate, chaste, sober From σῶς (sôs, “safe”) +‎ -φρων (-phrōn, “mind”). _______________________________________ σωφροσῠ́νη • (sōphrosúnē) f (genitive σωφροσῠ́νης); first declension Soundness of mind, prudence, discretion; sanity. From σώφρων (“wise”) +‎ -σῠ́νη -σῠ́νη Forms abstract nouns. _______________________________________

Answer 99

MEMORY From μνάομαι (“to be mindful of, remember”) +‎ -μη μνάομαι • (mnáomai) to be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance to woo, court. ______________________________________ μῐμνήσκω • (mimnḗskō) (active) (transitive) To remind [+accusative and genitive = someone of something. Put in mind. from the root *men- with inchoative suffix -σκω (transitive) To recall something to memory, to make famous. (transitive) To call to mind, remember. (intransitive) To bear in mind, to not forget. _____________________________________ Cognates include μνάομαι (“to be mindful”) Sanskrit अम्नासिषु - amnāsiṣu मम्नौ - mamnau (remember, repeat in the mind”, perfect). ______________________________________ Synonyms (memory) : ανάμνηση f (anámnisi) (memory) : θύμηση f (thýmisi) ______________________________________ Antonyms αμνησία f (amnisía) λήθη f (líthi) λησμονιά f (lismoniá) ______________________________________ Related terms ``` αμνημόνευτος (“immemorial”, adjective) αμνημοσύνη f (“forgetfulness”) αμνήμων f (“forgetful”) αμνησία f (“amnesia”) αμνησικακία f (“forgiveness”) αμνησίκακος (“forgiving”, adjective) αμνηστία f (“amnesty”) μνήμα n (“tomb”) μνημείο n (“memorial, monument”) ```

Answer 100

COMMUNICATE - COMMON - COMMUNION κοινό General, common. Common to the people. Public. public (people in general) H έκθεση θα είναι ανοιχτή για το κοινό. The exhibition will be open to the public. ``` κοινός (“mutual, common”) κοινή λογική (“common sense”) κοινό καλό ("common good") κοινός νους (“common sense”) κοινή πεποίθηση ("common belief") ο κοινός άνθρωπος (" the common man") κοινή γνώμη ("public knowledge") κοινή ωφέλεια ("public utility") κοινόν (“confederation”) ``` κοινόν • (koinón) n (politics) confederation (of city-states with central government) _________________________________ κοινός common, mutual, shared, joint. _________________________________ επικοινωνώ • (epikoinonó) (simple past επικοινώνησα) talk, communicate. ________________________________________ επικοινωνία - communication. επικοινωνώ - to talk, to communicate. αλληλεπικοινωνώ - Intercommunicate. αλληλεπικοινωνία - Intercommunication. αλληλεπικοινωνίες - Communications. __________________________________________ COMMUNICATE (defined) From Proto-Indo-European / *ḱóm Beside, near, by, with. ``` Derived terms Ancient Greek: κατά (katá) Ancient Greek: καί Ancient Greek: κάσις Ancient Greek: κοινός ``` Latin: contrā _________________________________________ COMMUNICATE (defined) From Proto-Indo-European - *mey- To bind. To change, exchange. From Proto-Indo-European - *meygʷ- To exchange. From Proto-Indo-European - *meyḱ- / *meyǵ- To mix. ``` From Greek - μῑ́γνῡμῐ (active) to mix, mix up, mingle to join, bring together to join battle hand to hand to bring into connection with, to make acquainted (passive, with future middle) to be mixed up with, mingled among to be brought into contact with to mix in fight to have sex with. ``` From Latin - misceō I mix. I confuse. From Sanskrit- मिश्र (miśrá) Mixed, mingled, blended. _________________________________________ COM- CON- From Proto-Indo-European / *ḱóm Preposition Beside, near, by, with. From Proto-Italic - *kom Preposition *kom (with ablative) with, along, at. ``` From Old Irish - comh- mutual, joint, common; co- fellow- equal close, near full, complete, uniform (botany) gamo- ``` ``` From Latin - con- From preposition cum (“with”). Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects. commaculō commendō concitō comminuō concerpō concīdō convellō, etc. ``` Latin - cum (+ ablative) with Titus cum familiā habitat. ― Titus lives with his family. magnā cum laude ― with great praise. From Old Latin com, from Proto-Italic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”), Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”), ____________________________________________ From Proto-Germanic *hansō. *hansō f A gathering, summation, mass, quantity, amount A coalition, crowd, multitude, troop. From Proto-Indo-European *ḱómsōd (“union, gathering”) from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm ("beside, by, with, along”) Cognate with Latin consilium ("council, advisory body”) Alternative etymology suggests possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ken-, *(s)kend- (“to split off, secede”)

Answer 101

AWARENESS - IMPART - INFORMED COGNIZANT OF ABREAST OF KNOWN SEEN GUARD ___________________________________________ Watch See Know Observe ___________________________________________ Old English -.ġewær From ġe- (intensifier) + wær aware ġe- Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection. wær aware, cautious. from Proto-Indo-European *wēr- True From vērus (“true”). From Old Norse - vera From vera (verb) to exist, to be From Latin vērus true, real proper, suitable right, just From Proto-Germanic - *wesaną to be to remain to exist From Proto-Indo-European - *h₁es (imperfective) to be _______________________________________ From Greek - ἐτεός in accordance with reality or one's feelings: true, genuine. ἐτεόν (eteón) as adverb, often preceded by εἰ (ei): truly, in fact, rightly. feminine ἐτεή - as substantive: reality. ἐτεῇ - in reality. Ἐτεόνῑκος From ἐτεός (“true”) +‎ νῑ́κη (“victory”) +‎ -ος -ος - (action noun) Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Added to the zero-grade. ‎ἔπᾰθον (“I experienced”, aorist) + ‎-ος → ‎πᾰ́θος (“the experience, the emotion”) Added to the e-grade. ‎μείρομαι (“to receive as one's portion”) + ‎-ος → ‎μέρος (" the part”) ___________________________________________ aware (adj.) late Old English gewær "watchful, vigilant," from Proto-Germanic *ga-waraz source also of Old Saxon giwar, Middle Dutch gheware, Old High German giwar, German gewahr), from *ga-, intensive prefix, + *waraz "wary, cautious," from PIE root *wer- (3) "perceive, watch out for." _______________________________________ *wer- (3) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "perceive, watch out for." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin vereri "to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear;" Greek ouros "a guard, watchman," Greek horan "to see;" Hittite werite- "to see;" Old English weard "a guarding, protection; watchman, sentry, keeper."

Answer 102

TO THINK - COGITATE - COGNITION From con- (together, with) +‎ agitō (I do, drive, lead, chase) cōgitō - I think Borrowed from Latin agitō (“I chase”). con- Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects. Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word. agito I do, I make. agō From agō (“do, act, make”) +‎ -itō. agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation I do, act, make, behave. ἄγω From Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”) ``` From Proto-Indo-European/ *h₂éǵeti *h₂éǵeti (imperfective) to be driving. *h₂eǵ- (imperfective) to drive. ``` agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. I brandish, wield. (of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control. (of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue. I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb. I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on. I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment. I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock. I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise. (of time) I pass, spend. I live, dwell, abide, sojourn. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. (with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in. DRIVE from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move, chase, hunt, follow up, pursue; impel by physical force, rush against, thrust, carry off vigorously, transact, prosecute, conduct, practice, carry on, exercise, do; speak often of a matter, bring up, agitate, trot out; urge a cause; suffer, undergo; proceed with violence, rush with violence, act impetuously”) ___________________________________________ cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think cogitare (transitive, intransitive, literary) to cogitate; to ponder; to think

Answer 103

WILL - A SIGN OF WILL - A NOD - ASSENT Latin term for "divinity", or a "divine presence", "divine will." Numen, pl. numina, __________________________________________ *nuō I nod From Proto-Indo-European *new- to nod, assent to. ``` nūmen n (genitive nūminis); third declension a nod of the head divine sway or will divine power or right divinity. ``` from *nuō + -men, thus meaning "a nodding with the head" -men n (genitive -minis); third declension forms neuter nouns of the third declension. *(é)-mn̥ n Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs. "a nod", "command", "will" (as nūtus), with the particular meaning of "the divine will", "the will or power of the gods", "divine sway". Lucretius uses the expression numen mentis,[6] or "bidding of the mind,"[7] where "bidding" is numen, not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine, but as simply human will. Numen, pl. numina, is a Latin term for "divinity", or a "divine presence", "divine will." Cicero writes of a "divine mind" (divina mens), a god "whose numen everything obeys," and a "divine power" (vim divinam) "which pervades the lives of men." It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury. In Virgil's recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the Odyssey, in his Aeneid, he has Odysseus and his men first "ask for the assistance of the great numina" (magna precati numina). __________________________________________ From Ancient Greek: νεύω (neúō) ``` νεύω neuó: to nod or beckon (as a sign) Original Word: νεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: neuó Phonetic Spelling: (nyoo'-o) Definition: to nod or beckon (as a sign) Usage: I nod, make a sign, beckon. ``` To give a nod; to signify by a nod (A. V. to beckon): τίνι, followed by an infinitive of what one wishes to be done. Apparently a primary verb; to "nod", i.e. (by analogy), signal -- beckon. ``` John 13:24 V-PIA-3S GRK: νεύει οὖν τούτῳ NAS: Peter gestured to him, and said KJV: therefore beckoned to him, INT: Makes a sign therefore to him ``` Thayer's Definition to give a nod to signify by a nod (of what one wishes to be done)

Answer 104

CAPACITY TO FEEL - SENSE - QUALIA Sentience is the capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively.[1] Eighteenth-century philosophers used the concept to distinguish the ability to think (reason) from the ability to feel (sentience). In modern Western philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations (known in philosophy of mind as "qualia"). Hey Sententia, the nominative singular, also called a "sentence", is a kind of rhetorical proof. Through the invocation of a proverb, quotation, or witty turn of phrase during a presentation or conversation one may be able to gain the assent of the listener, who will hear a kind of non-logical, but agreed-upon "truth" in what you are saying. An example of this is the phrase "age is better with wine" playing off of the adage "wine is better with age". Sententiae, the nominative plural of the Latin word sententia, are brief moral sayings, such as proverbs, adages, aphorisms, maxims, or apophthegms taken from ancient or popular or other sources, often quoted without context

Answer 105

WISE - KNOWLEDGEABLE - DISCERNING - JUDICIOUS sapiēns m, f, n (genitive sapientis); third declension discerning, wise, judicious discreet (masculine substantive) a wise man, sage, philosopher Anonymous (Can we date this quote?) Sapiens nihil affirmat quod non probat "a wise man asserts nothing which he does not (ap)prove." Present active participle of sapiō (“discern, be capable of discerning”). sapiō (present infinitive sapere, perfect active sapīvī); third conjugation iō-variant, no passive I taste of, smack of, have a flavour of. I have good taste or discernment. (figuratively) I am wise or sensible; I skill, discern. From Proto-Italic *sapiō from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i- (“to notice”) from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-. Cognate with Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós) Old English sefa (“mind, spirit, mood”). *sep- to taste, to try out. From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p- (“to try, to research”). σοφός • (sophós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφόν); first/second declension clever, skillful, cunning, able intelligent, wise, prudent.

Answer 106

TO BE AWARE - TO KNOW To know one must first see. Seeing words becomes knowing meaning. To learn by seeing. (Become Literate) As opposed to oral tradition. To learn by hearing. Latin - video An obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know. ``` οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. ``` 1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying." 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension). _______________________________________________ εἶδος Shape, form, appearance. ``` Luke 9:29 N-NNS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ εἶδος τοῦ προσώπου NAS: He was praying, the appearance of His face KJV: prayed, the fashion of his INT: he the appearance of the face ``` John 5:37 N-ANS GRK: ἀκηκόατε οὔτε εἶδος αὐτοῦ ἑωράκατε NAS: nor seen His form. KJV: seen his shape. INT: have you heard nor form of him have you seen _______________________________________________ ᾔδεισαν They knew

Answer 107

INTERNAL INSIGHT συνιέναι implies native insight, the soul's capacity of itself not only to lay hold of the phenomena of the outer world through the senses, but by combination (σύν and ἰέναι) to arrive at their underlying laws. Hence, συνιέναι may mark an antithesis to sense-perception; whereas γινώσκειν marks an advance upon it. As applied e. g. to a work of literature, γινώσκειν expresses an acquaintance with it.

Answer 108

In philosophy and certain models of psychology, qualia (/ˈkwɑːliə/ or /ˈkweɪliə/; singular form: quale) are defined to be individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term qualia derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkʷaːlɪs]) meaning "of what sort" or "of what kind" in a specific instance like "what it is like to taste a specific apple, this particular apple now". Examples of qualia include the perceived sensation of pain of a headache, the taste of wine, as well as the redness of an evening sky. There are many definitions of qualia, which have changed over time. One of the simpler, broader definitions is: "The 'what it is like' character of mental states. The way it feels to have mental states such as pain, seeing red, smelling a rose, etc." There are recognizable qualitative characters of the given, which may be repeated in different experiences, and are thus a sort of universals; I call these "qualia." But although such qualia are universals, in the sense of being recognized from one to another experience, they must be distinguished from the properties of objects. Confusion of these two is characteristic of many historical conceptions, as well as of current essence-theories. The quale is directly intuited, given, and is not the subject of any possible error because it is purely subjective. Daniel Dennett identifies four properties that are commonly ascribed to qualia.[4] According to these, qualia are: ineffable; that is, they cannot be communicated, or apprehended by any other means than direct experience. intrinsic; that is, they are non-relational properties, which do not change depending on the experience's relation to other things. private; that is, all interpersonal comparisons of qualia are systematically impossible. directly or immediately apprehensible in consciousness; that is, to experience a quale is to know one experiences a quale, and to know all there is to know about that quale. If qualia of this sort exist, then a normally sighted person who sees red would be unable to describe the experience of this perception in such a way that a listener who has never experienced color will be able to know everything there is to know about that experience. Though it is possible to make an analogy, such as "red looks hot", or to provide a description of the conditions under which the experience occurs, such as "it's the color you see when light of 700-nm wavelength is directed at you", supporters of this kind of qualia contend that such a description is incapable of providing a complete description of the experience.[citation needed] Another way of defining qualia is as "raw feels". A raw feel is a perception in and of itself, considered entirely in isolation from any effect it might have on behavior and behavioral disposition. In contrast, a cooked feel is that perception seen as existing in terms of its effects. For example, the perception of the taste of wine is an ineffable, raw feel, while the experience of warmth or bitterness caused by that taste of wine would be a cooked feel. Cooked feels are not qualia.[citation needed]

Answer 109

TO HAVE SEEN WITH THE MINDS EYE εἰδέναι, literally, 'to have seen with the mind's eye,' signifies a clear and purely mental perception, in contrast both to conjecture and to knowledge derived from others.

Answer 110

SCIENCE - SCHIZOPHRENIA - SCISSORS SECOND Greek - σχῐ́ζω • (skhízō) I split, cleave. From Proto-Hellenic *skʰídyo from Proto-Indo-European *skeyd-. *skeyd- (perfective) to split, to divide. Latin - scio (uncountable, accusative scion) knowledge. *skey- to split, to dissect. From *sek- (“to cut”) science (n.) mid-14c., "what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;" also "assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty," from Old French science "knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge" (12c.), from Latin scientia "knowledge, a knowing; expertness," ``` from sciens (genitive scientis) "intelligent, skilled," present participle of... Latin - scire "to know," probably originally "to separate one thing from another, to distinguish," ``` related to Latin - scindere "to cut, divide," from PIE root *skei- "to cut, split" (source also of Greek skhizein "to split, rend, cleave," Greek - σχῐ́ζω • (skhízō) I split, cleave. Gothic skaidan, Old English sceadan "to divide, separate" From late 14c. in English as "book-learning," also "a particular branch of knowledge or of learning;" also "skillfulness, cleverness; craftiness." From c. 1400 as "experiential knowledge;" also "a skill, handicraft; a trade." From late 14c. as "collective human knowledge" (especially that gained by systematic observation, experiment, and reasoning). Modern (restricted) sense of "body of regular or methodical observations or propositions concerning a particular subject or speculation" is attested from 1725; in 17c.-18c. this concept commonly was called philosophy. Sense of "non-arts studies" is attested from 1670s. ``` Latin - sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation I can, know, understand, have knowledge. Scisne ubi habitemus? Do you know where we live? I know carnally. ``` ________________________________ SCISSORS Latin - scindere (transitive) To split up or divide (chemistry) to cleave. From Latin scindere, present active infinitive of scindō, from Proto-Italic *skindō, from Proto-Indo-European *skinédti (“to be cutting off”), derived from the root *skeyd- (“to split”). ``` scissō dative masculine singular of scissus dative neuter singular of scissus ablative masculine singular of scissus ablative neuter singular of scissus. ``` ``` scissus m (feminine scissa, neuter scissum); first/second declension broken asunder; divided or separated by force. ```

Answer 111

PSYCHE - LIFE BY BREATH From ψῡ́χω (psū́khō, “I blow”) +‎ -η (-ē), but never had the meaning "breath", even in Homer. ψῡχή • (psūkhḗ) f (genitive ψῡχῆς); first declension life (the state of being alive) (poetic) life-breath, life-blood (‘the state of being alive’ made corporeal) soul (the immortal part of a person) ghost (the spirit of a dead person) the mind (seat or organ of thought), (the faculty of) reason. spirit (animated attitude) Coptic - ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (psukhē) m (plural ⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ) soul. ___________________________________ Adjective ψῡχῐκός • (psūkhikós) m (feminine ψῡχῐκή, neuter ψῡχῐκόν); first/second declension of or relating to life or the soul concerned only with the life or animal qualities, as opposed with spiritual concerns. _____________________________________ psychē f (genitive psychēs); first declension mind spirit Transliteration of Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul, breath”) psyche (third-person singular simple present psyches, present participle psyching, simple past and past participle psyched) (transitive) To put (someone) into a required psychological frame of mind. (transitive) To intimidate (someone) emotionally using psychology. (transitive, informal) To treat (someone) using psychoanalysis. psyche (plural psyches) The human soul, mind, or spirit. (chiefly psychology) The human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual. Shortened form of psychology, from French psychologie, from Latin psychologia, from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”) ______________________________________ ψυχή • (psychí) f (plural ψυχές) (religion, folklore, also figuratively) soul, spirit (essence of a person (or place or thing figuratively) usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality) (figuratively) courage, bravery, valour (quality of a confident character not to be afraid or intimidated easily) (insects) butterfly (music) sound post (of a string instrument, e.g. the violin)

Answer 112

NON-COMPOSE-MENTOS ``` ακαταλόγιστος adjective uncommon akatalógistos insane, non compos mentis ανισόρροπος adjective uncommon anisórropos unbalanced, loony, lunatic, of unsound mind βεβαιώσιμος adjective uncommon vevaió̱simos affirmable, predicable, comfirable, certifiable, verifiable θεοπάλαβος adjective uncommon theopálavos lunatic παράφρων adjective uncommon paráfron insane, demented, frantic, paranoiac ξέφρενος adjective uncommon xéfrenos frenetic, frenzied, wild μανιώδης adjective uncommon manió̱di̱s furious, frantic, inveterate, fierce, rabid ασταθής adjective uncommon astathís unstable, erratic, unsteady, choppy, inconstant παλαβός adjective uncommon palavós daredevil, crazy, nutty, flighty, mad τρελός adjective uncommon trelós crazy, mad, distraught, daft, demented ```

Answer 113

THOUGHT putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation I clean, cleanse I trim, prune, lop (figuratively) I arrange, settle (figuratively) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider c. 185 BCE – 159 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77: Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto. I am a human, I consider nothing that is human alien to me. c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus 12.4: Hoc salsum esse putas? Do you think that's funny? (figuratively) I judge, suspect, suppose (figuratively) I ponder, consider, think about Synonym: cōgitō

Answer 114

I THINK From con- +‎ agitō. con- Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects. agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation. I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. _______________________________________ cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here) Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam. You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of. I consider, ponder

Answer 115

PONDER ponderō (present infinitive ponderāre, perfect active ponderāvī, supine ponderātum); first conjugation I weigh I ponder, reflect on, weigh up. ponderare (transitive) to ponder, think over. ____________________________________________ Ponder ponder (third-person singular simple present ponders, present participle pondering, simple past and past participle pondered) to wonder, think of deeply to consider (something) carefully and thoroughly; to chew over, mull over I have spent days pondering the meaning of life. Bible, Proverbs iv. 26 Ponder the path of thy feet. (obsolete) to weigh. _________________________________________ Weigh weigh (third-person singular simple present weighs, present participle weighing, simple past and past participle weighed) (transitive) To determine the weight of an object. (transitive) Often with "out", to measure a certain amount of something by its weight, e.g. for sale. He weighed out two kilos of oranges for a client. (transitive, figuratively) To determine the intrinsic value or merit of an object, to evaluate. You have been weighed in the balance and found wanting. (intransitive, figuratively, obsolete) To judge; to estimate. Spenser could not weigh of worthiness aright (transitive) To consider a subject. (Can we add an example for this sense?) (transitive) To have a certain weight. I weigh ten and a half stone. (intransitive) To have weight; to be heavy; to press down. Cowper They only weigh the heavier. Shakespeare Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff / Which weighs upon the heart. (intransitive) To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. Shakespeare Your vows to her and me […] will even weigh. John Locke This objection ought to weigh with those whose reading is designed for much talk and little knowledge. (transitive, nautical) To raise an anchor free of the seabed. (intransitive, nautical) To weigh anchor. 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 91: Towards the evening we wayed, and approaching the shoare [...], we landed where there lay a many of baskets and much bloud, but saw not a Salvage. 1841, Edgar Allan Poe, ‘A Descent into the Maelström’: ‘Here we used to remain until nearly time for slack-water again, when we weighed and made for home.’ To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up. Cowper Weigh the vessel up. (obsolete) To consider as worthy of notice; to regard. Shakespeare I weigh not you. Spenser all that she so dear did weigh. From Old English wegan, from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, carry, weigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti, from *weǵʰ- (“to bring, transport”). Cognate with Scots wey or weich, Dutch wegen, German wiegen, wägen, Danish veje, Norwegian Bokmål veie, Norwegian Nynorsk vega. Doublet of wedge, wagon, way, vector. __________________________________________ From Proto-Germanic - *weganą to move, to carry to weigh. From Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti, *wéǵʰeti (imperfective) to be transporting. from *weǵʰ-. *weǵʰ- (imperfective) to bring to transport. *woǵʰ-lo-s Ancient Greek: ὄχλος (ókhlos) *weǵʰ-no-s Celtic: *wegnos (see there for further descendants) *woǵʰ-no-s Germanic: *wagnaz (see there for further descendants) _____________________________________ ϝέχω • (wékhō) (Arcadocypriot) to bear, carry, bring From Proto-Hellenic *wékʰō, from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti (“to be transporting”), from the root *weǵʰ-. Cognate with Latin vehō, Sanskrit वहति (váhati), Old English wegan (whence English weigh). The Koine form would have been *ἔχω (*ékhō). Related terms ὄχος ὄχος • (ókhos) m (genitive ὄχου); second declension anything which holds, bears carriage, cart, chariot the wheels of a chariot. Also see ὀχέω (okhéō, “to carry”) and Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō, “to carry, bear”). _______________________________________ SANSKRIT वहति • (váhati) (root वह्, class 1, type P) to carry, transport, convey (with instr. of vehicle) to lead, conduct (especially offerings to the gods, said of Agni) to bear along (water, said of rivers) to draw (a car), guide (horses etc.) to lead towards, to bring, procure, bestow to cause, effect to offer (a sacrifice) to bear, suffer, endure to forbear, forgive, pardon to undergo (with agnim, viṣam, tulām, 'the ordeal of fire, poison, and the balance') to experience, feel to bear or carry on or with to take or carry with or about one's self, have, possess

Answer 116

NOTION Ratio decidendi (Latin plural rationes decidendi) is a Latin phrase meaning "the reason" or "the rationale for the decision". ... In other words, ratio decidendi is a legal rule derived from, and consistent with, those parts of legal reasoning within a judgment on which the outcome of the case depends. Reckoning, account, reason, judgement, consideration, system, manner, method.

Answer 117

DISCERNIBLE διακριτός • (diakritós) m (feminine διακριτή, neuter διακριτό) discernible discrete, distinct (mathematics) discrete. ευδιάκριτος • (evdiákritos) m (feminine ευδιάκριτη, neuter ευδιάκριτο) distinguishable, discernible, distinct. Antonyms δυσδιάκριτος (dysdiákritos) Related terms διακριτός (diakritós, “discrete”)

Answer 118

TO KNOW A FACT ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person.

Answer 119

IDENTITY (It-ness) - (That-ness) - (Same-ness) IDEOS-ITY ίδιο - same ίδιος • (ídios) m (feminine ίδια, neuter ίδιο) ``` (for emphasis): ones own. Την είδα με τα ίδια μου τα μάτια. ― I saw her with my own eyes. (number, size, etc): identical Έχουν ίδια μέγεθος. ― They are the same size. (similarity): same, similar Έχουν τα ίδια χρώματα. ― They are the same colours. ``` ταυτότητα • (taftótita) f identity (colloquial) ID, identity card (mathematics) identity. The general sense is from Ancient Greek ταὐτότης equivalent to ταὐτός (“he, that”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). The mathematics sense is a Calque of French identité. idem (adv.) "the same (as above)," used to avoid repetition in writing, Latin, literally "the same," from id "it, that one," from PIE pronominal stem *i- (see yon) + demonstrative suffix -dem. identity (n.) c. 1600, "sameness, oneness, state of being the same," from Middle French identité (14c.), from Medieval Latin identitatem (nominative identitas) "sameness," ultimately from Latin idem (neuter) "the same" (see idem). [For discussion of Latin formation, see entry in OED.] Earlier form of the word in English was idemptitie (1560s), from Medieval Latin idemptitas. Term identity crisis first recorded 1954. Identity theft attested from 1995. Identity politics is attested by 1987.

Answer 120

LAW OF IDENTITY δίκαιο • (díkaio) n (plural δίκαια) (law) law διεθνές δίκαιο (international law) φυσικό δίκαιο (natural law) δίκη • (díki) f (plural δίκες) (law) trial. δίκαια (díkaia, “fairly, justly”) δίκαιο n (díkaio, “law”) δίκαιος (díkaios, “right, just”, adj) δίκιο n (díkio, “that which is right, just”) δικαίωμα n (dikaíoma, “right, power”) δικαίως (dikaíos, “fairly, justly”) δικαιοσύνη f (dikaiosýni, “judicial system”) δικαιούμαι (dikaioúmai, “be entitled to”) δικαιώνω (dikaióno, “to justify”) δικαιώνομαι (dikaiónomai, “to be vindicated”) δικανικός (dikanikós, “forensic”, adj) δικαστήριο n (dikastírio, “court”) δικαστίνα f (dikastína, “lawyer”, colloquial) δικαστικός m, f (dikastikós, “magistrate”) δικηγορικός (dikigorikós, “lawyer's”) δικηγόρος m, f (dikigóros, “lawyer”)

Answer 121

ANNOUNCE from ανα- + Ancient Greek κοινόω (to communicate) κοινόω • (koinóō) I make common, make unholy I share. From κοινός (“common”) +‎ -όω (verb suffix). ανα- (re-) used before both nouns and verbs to indicate repetition. indicating above or upward. -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ``` κοινός • (koinós) m (feminine κοινή, neuter κοινόν); first/second declension common public, general. From Proto-Hellenic *koňňós from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-yós from *ḱóm (“with”) +‎ *-yós (“adjectival suffix”) the ancestor of the suffix -ιος (-ios). Cognates include Latin cum, Gaulish com-, and Old English ge- ``` _________________________________________ announce, declare (make people aware of something) Τις νέες διοικήσεις σε νοσοκομεία ανακοίνωσε το υπουργείο Υγείας. New administrations in hospitals announced by Ministry of Health. _______________________________________ nuncio (plural nuncios) Ecclesiastic title of a permanent diplomatic representative of the Roman Catholic Church to a sovereign state or international organisation, accorded rank equivalent to an accredited ambassador, and may also be given additional privileges including recognition as Dean in a country’s diplomatic corps. One who bears a message; a messenger. nūntius m (genitive nūntiī); second declension a messenger, reporter, courier an envoy, message, report a command, order, injunction (in the plural) news, tidings, information. __________________________________________ From Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod”) Latin *nuō Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to beckon, nod”) and Old Irish noid (“make known”) though this is rejected by De Vaan. *new- to nod, assent to. Ancient Greek: νεύω (neúō) __________________________________________ Ancient Greek: νεύω (neúō) ``` Original Word: νεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: neuó Phonetic Spelling: (nyoo'-o) Definition: to nod or beckon (as a sign) Usage: I nod, make a sign, beckon. ``` to nod or beckon (as a sign) to give a nod; to signify by a nod (A. V. to beckon): τίνι, followed by an infinitive of what one wishes to be done. Apparently a primary verb; to "nod", i.e. (by analogy), signal -- beckon. __________________________________________ ανακοινωθέν • (anakoinothén) n (plural ανακοινωθέντα) bulletin communique. ανακοίνωση f (anakoínosi, “announcement”) ανακοινώνω (anakoinóno, “to announce”) ανακοινώσιμος (anakoinósimos, “communicable, suitable to be announced”, adjective)

Answer 122

EXAMINE - INVESTIGATE - INSPECT Con+Sidūs SIDEREAL (astral time) cōnsīderō (present infinitive cōnsīderāre, perfect active cōnsīderāvī, supine cōnsīderātum); first conjugation I examine, look at or inspect I consider I investigate From con- + sīder-, a radical perhaps related to sīdus (“star; constellation”) (compare dēsīderō), but the connection is unclear. __________________________________________ sīdus n (genitive sīderis); third declension ``` constellation, asterism a star Synonyms: astēr, astrum, stēlla (poetic) the night sky (figuratively) a season (of the year) ``` ____________________________________________ Participle cōnsīderāns m, f, n (genitive cōnsīderantis); third declension examining, inspecting investigating. considerare to consider, to examine, to weigh, to contemplate to consider, to keep in mind, to bear in mind, to take into consideration the fact that to consider, to look upon, to think of somebody as, to hold + adjective to provide for to take into account _____________________________________________ dēsīderō (present infinitive dēsīderāre, perfect active dēsīderāvī, supine dēsīderātum); first conjugation I want, desire, wish for. I miss, lack, need. I lose. From de- + sīder-, a radical perhaps related to sīdus (“star; constellation”), but the connection is unclear (compare cōnsīderō). _______________________________________ FRENCH considérer to consider From Middle French consyderer, from Old French considerer, from Latin cōnsīderāre, present active infinitive of cōnsīderō (“I examine, look at, inspect; I consider; I investigate”).

Answer 123

AWARE OF - KNOW ABOUT - COGNIZANT He knew about the car accident. He was aware of the results of the election. She knew that would cause a problem. They were cognizant of the potential side effects.

Answer 124

DEEP - PROFOUND - TRANSCENDENT ``` βᾰθῠ́ς • (bathús) m (feminine βᾰθεῖᾰ, neuter βᾰθῠ́); first/third declension ADJECTIVE being a large vertical distance from: high, deep thick generally: strong, intense, full profound (of colour) deep (time) twilight ``` Unrelated to βυσσός (bussós) and βυθός (buthós). _________________________________________ βῠθός • (buthós) m (genitive βῠθοῦ); second declension depth depth of the sea, deep water Possibly a metathesis from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- with cognates including Old Church Slavonic дъно (dŭno), Old English dēop (English deep) and Albanian det from Proto-Albanian *deubeta Unrelated to βᾰθῠ́ς (bathús) and βένθος (bénthos). __________________________________________ English - depth the vertical distance below a surface; the degree to which something is deep Old English - dīepþ f deepness; depth abyss From Proto-Germanic *diupiþō (“deepness, depth”), equivalent to dēop +‎ -þ. dēop = deep -þ f ( -ity / -ness / -th ) Forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels fȳlþ "filth, foulness", from fūl "foul, polluted" iermþ (“poverty”), from earm (“poor”) þīefþ "theft", from þēof "thief" *dʰewbʰ- deep _____________________________________________________ abyss (plural abysses) Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1] (frequently figuratively) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1] Anything infinite, immeasurable, or profound. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1] Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth. An impending catastrophic happening. (heraldry) The center of an escutcheon. _________________________________________ chaos (usually uncountable, plural chaoses) (obsolete) A vast chasm or abyss. The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony Any state of disorder, any confused or amorphous mixture or conglomeration. (obsolete, rare) A given medium; a space in which something exists or lives; an environment. (mathematics) Behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time. (fantasy) One of the two metaphysical forces of the world in some fantasy settings, as opposed to law. ___________________________________________ χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension the primordial state of existence space, air abyss, chasm infinite darkness. Has traditionally been connected to... χαίνω • (khaínō) - late present of χάσκω. χάσκω (“I gape, yawn”) Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂ χώρα (“open space, place”) Baltic and Germanic words for “palate”: Old High German guomo, goumo, Old Norse gómr, Lithuanian gomurỹs PIE *ǵʰeh₂-mn-. Etymology 2 χᾰ́ος • (kháos) m, f (neuter χᾰ́ον); second declension ADJECTIVE Alternative spelling of χάϊος "genuine, true" χᾰ́σκω • (kháskō) to yawn, yawning, gape, open wide from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰan- / *gʰan- (“to yawn, to gape”) with inchoative suffix -σκω ``` Related to... χώρᾱ • (khṓrā) f (genitive χώρᾱς); first declension location, place, spot (see Latin locus) the proper place one's place in life piece of land: tract, land, field country (opposite town), countryside country, nation ``` ``` COPTIC ⲭⲱⲣⲁ (khōra) f region, territory country ___________________________________________ ``` from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁y- (“to yawn, gape”) from Old English ġinian (“to yawn, gape”) from Proto-Germanic *gainōną (“to yawn, gape”) German gähnen (“to yawn, gape”) From Latin - hiō (present infinitive hiāre, perfect active hiāvī); first conjugation, no passive I yawn, gape. I stand open. (of speech) I pause, connect badly. (figuratively) I am amazed, gape in wonder. I bawl out, utter, sing.

Answer 125

OUT OF NOTHING - FROM NOTHING Greek - όχι no, not, none, nothing. έξοχος Out from nothing? Splendid, Wondrous, Brilliant , Tremendous, Outstanding, Magnificent, Excellent. Latin - nihil, null No, not, none, nothing. δεν Not μη non- τίποτα It's nothing, "don't worry, it's no big deal." not anything; no single thing. No big deal. No worries. κενώ, κενός blank, void, vacant, devoid, inane, vacuous. άκυρος invalid, void, null and void, null, nugatory, vitiated. ακυρώνω cancel, void, annul, scrub, nullify, abrogate. αδειανός empty, void, unoccupied, vacant. ______________________________________ From υπερ- (hyper-) hyper- word-forming element meaning "over, above, beyond," and often implying "exceedingly, to excess," from Greek hyper (prep. and adv.) "over, beyond, overmuch, above measure," from PIE root *uper "over." ``` *uper Proto-Indo-European root meaning "over." In excess. Beyond measure. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit upari, Avestan upairi "over, above, beyond;" Greek hyper, Latin super "above, over;" Old English ofer "over," German über, Gothic ufaro "over, across;" Gaulish ver-, Old Irish for. ``` from Latin super (“above”) from Pre-Italic or Proto-Indo-European *eks-uper from *eḱs (“out of”) (English ex-) from *h₁eǵʰs + *uperi (English over). *h₁eǵʰs out. ἐξ • (ex) (governs the genitive) Alternative form of ἐκ (ek) (used before vowels) ἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive) (of place) (of motion) Out of, from from, with the source of to denote change from one place or condition to another to express separation of distinction from a number (of position) outside, beyond (of time) from, since (of particular points of time) just, after during, in (of origin) (of materials) made out of something (of descent, parentage) descended from (of causation) done by someone, something of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done from, according to turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb (with numerals) in such an order. ``` ἐκτός • (ektós) ADVERB without, outside, out. (absolute) external, strange, vulgar. ἐκτός • (ektós) (governs the genitive) PREPOSITION out of, far from. ``` English - out Away from the inside or the centre. Away from home or one's usual place. ________________________________________ υπερέχω - outbalance υπερέχω αριθμητικά - outnumber υπερέχω εις βαθμό - outrank υπερημερία - overdue payment υπερευαίσθητος - over sensitive υπερευαίσθητος - overstrung υπερέξοχος - supereminent - transcendental

Answer 126

IMAGE FORMING δοκεω δοξα δεχομαι The verb δεχομαι (dechomai), meaning to receive, relates to the verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to imagine, and its important noun δοξα (doxa), usually translated with "glory" but rather meaning "imagination" or "image-formation." The noun δοκος (dokos) means carrier beam; the beam that carries a building's entire roof or floor, and which was famously found stuck in one helpful brother's eye. All these words stems from the huge Proto-Indo-European root dek-, meaning to take or accept, which also gave us words like decent (i.e. acceptable), decor, dignify, disciple, discipline, docent, docile, doctor, doctrine, dogma and orthodox. Negatively it spawned indignation and indoctrination, and approximatively it yielded paradox. δοκεω The amazing verb δοκεω (dokeo) describes the familiar mental exercise of invoking images in one's mind that are relevant to observable reality but are themselves not part of it; to derive a unique and imaginary picture from the churning currents of one's mind like a fish from water. The ability to imagine and to bring the imagined into the realm of reality makes mankind unique in the animal world. It's the foundation of all analysis, all planning and all hope, and subsequently an important element of Biblical theology. In the classics our verb δοκεω (dokeo) mostly means to think in the sense of to suppose, imagine, conceive of or figure; to get something into one's head (MATTHEW 3:9, JOHN 16:3). It frequently relates to dreams or visions, in which imaginary beings encroach upon the defenseless dreamer (MARK 6:49, ACTS 12:9). Our verb may describe the formation of an opinion about someone or something (hence the "fishers of men"; compare MATTHEW 4:19 to 1 CORINTHIANS 6:2-3 — hence perhaps also the enigmatic fish-men of the Sumerians called Apkallu). As such our verb came to denote to have a reputation (to be reputed). This describes most often, but not necessarily, a good reputation, and unless said otherwise, the general phrase "men of reputation" or "the reputed" describe famous men; men of an implied "good" reputation (MARK 10:42, GALATIANS 2:2-9; in 1 CORINTHIANS 12:22, Paul speaks of "famous" body parts). It also needs to be remembered that the Biblical cultures were based on a wisdom tradition in which even entertainment had to do with learning and solving problems (Judges 14:12, 1 Kings 10:1). In those days, "people of fame" were not movie stars and tennis players but rather people of exceptional intellectual prowess; people of truth and convention. Our verb may simply mean to occur to, or to cross one's mind, but with the implication of it being the one that got picked to act upon (LUKE 1:3, ACTS 15:28); not necessarily a "good" idea in an ethical sense but rather the one fished up from one's mental ocean and incorporated into the machinery of one's actions (MATTHEW 17:25). As such it may mean "to act according to one's good humor" even when there might be little good about it (HEBREWS 12:10). Our verb is often added to a statement to emphasize that a private opinion was offered: "it seems to me" or "I find" (ACTS 26:9, 1 CORINTHIANS 5:9) or negatively, "I don't think so" (LUKE 17:9). Occasionally it expresses resolve, and occasionally it flat out means to pretend (LUKE 8:18, JAMES 1:26). More often our verb expresses an imposed similarity: something seems like something else (say, a nice Paul seeming like a mean Paul; 2 CORINTHIANS 10:9), or it describes something confused with something else; something misconstrued (JOHN 11:13, 13:29, 20:15), or perhaps something rightly construed (1 CORINTHIANS 11:16, 12:22). In LUKE 19:11 our verb is used to describe how the words of one person may cause fish to come to the surface in the mind of another person — Jesus was close to Jerusalem, and yes, he told the parable in order to have the audience form an internal image of the immediate kingdom. The verb δοκεω (dokeo) occurs 63 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it derive: The noun δογμα (dogma), meaning a finding; something that seems right, or that has been accepted to be so by one person or group of people. It's formed with the -ma suffix, which indicates the action of the verb (what "a walking" would be for the verb "to walk"). This noun is used 5 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, once to describe what the elders of Jerusalem had concluded through study and true concern (ACTS 16:4), and four times to describe "what people were told is so"; some finding of fault or royal inkling from the Caesar (and later, of course, the dogma's of the formal church). This seemingly innocent askew usage illustrates the core essence of antichrist: in stead of pursuing the personal sovereignty and free opinion-forming of each person (that's described by the word christos; 1 JOHN 2:20-27), the spirit of antichrist enslaves everybody and instructs them what should be accepted as truth. From this noun in turn comes: The verb δογματιζο (dogmatizo), meaning to be subjected to dogma's, to be commandeered around (COLOSSIANS 2:20 only). The controversial noun δοξα (doxa); see our lengthy discussion below. Together with the prefix ευ (eu), meaning good: the verb ευδοκεω (eudokeo), meaning to find good; to think good of, to be pleased or content with (or to be pleasing), to consent, to agree to, to be willing. This verb is used to describe God's famous declaration of being well-pleased with Jesus (MATTHEW 3:17, 17:5). This verb is used 21 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it come: The noun ευδοξια (eudoxia), meaning a finding good (a thinking good of) or good reputation (a being thought good of). This word occurs 9 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, most famously in the angelic wish of "good-will" toward men (LUKE 2:14). Together with the preposition συν (sun), meaning together or with: the verb συνευδοκεω (suneudokeo), meaning to jointly find-good. This verb is used 6 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. δοξα The noun δοξα (doxa) obviously relates to our verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to imagine or image-form, but it's unclear how. A more regular nominal derivation would be δογμα (dogma), meaning "an imagining" or rather "an accepted opinion" (see above), or even the unused but common noun δοκησις (dokesis), and its rarer variant δοκευς, meaning opinion, fancy, or even apparition or something's appearance (as potentially opposed to something's reality). Although classical writers used our nouns δοξα (doxa) and δογμα (dogma) sometimes as synonyms, the need for and origin of this baffling form δοξα (doxa) is obscure. Some creative scholars even suggest that it might have been formed after a pre- (or extra-) Greek word and rather grafted upon our root in stead that it formed from it naturally. If that is so, it must express a very persistent concept; something which name was so all-telling that it resisted the natural evolution of language and migrated in tact from an old into a new one. The earliest Bible translators, who were tasked with interpreting the vastly complex Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, used δοξα (doxa) to represent the word כבוד (kabud), which described a quality of YHWH as His Shekinah filled the tabernacle first and later the temple (Exodus 24:17, 1 Kings 8:11). Later Latin translators swapped the Greek doxa for the Latin gloria, which is a word of equal mysterious origin and thus obscure meaning. Modern scholars believe that gloria has to do with a root that means "to hear" (cognate with κλεος, kleos, fame, renown) and gloria would mean "renown" or "fame." This suggests that the Latin translators followed the vein of the verb δοκεω (dokeo) that deals with reputation, and particularly an assumed good reputation. But that would mean that the term "glory of the Lord" described what fans collectively thought of God, and that the religious convictions of the fans filled the temple rather than something intrinsic to God. The Greek language had specifically reserved words that expressed enthusiasm or breathless adulation, and Hebrew did too, and neither δοξα (doxa) nor כבוד (kabud) were among them. What pre-Christian theologians still remembered is that the Living God is not like pagan deities and has no need for endless praise and homage, but rather wants compassion, composure, responsible behavior and an unflinching reverence for truthfulness (Micah 6:8, Hosea 6:6, GALATIANS 6:7, JOHN 4:24). Who is this king of glory? Most of our popular Christian imagery and theology stem from the Roman ideal of God being the emperor: very glorious and very distant. After Julius Caesar had been deified and his adopted son Octavian became the first Emperor Augustus (meaning Glorious One), the latter became known as son of god, the first born and savior or the world, the king of kings and lord of lords. These familiar phrases all stem from Roman Imperial Theology, and were utilized by Paul to demonstrate that in natural reality they did not apply to some distant emperor but rather to Jesus of Nazareth. The Constantinian church had little to do with Jesus of Nazareth and more with the Caesar of Rome (read our article on the name Mary), and it was subsequently in the obvious interest of the medieval church that their flocks didn't read the Bible so as to be tempted to reflect upon the lunacy of the formal ecclesiastical model. Entirely due to the zeal of early Christian gurus, who confused the Creator with what they understood about the Caesar, the words gloria and doxa were vacated of their original meaning and began to assume their spectacular modern wow!-meanings, which is the same as saying that the daunting term "deoxyribonucleic acid" means "yodelayheeho". Fortunately we're not in the middle ages anymore. The Creator is of course not in some distant heaven but present at every spatial point of the universe the way a third dimension is separate from but present at every point of a two dimensional plane. His attributes and character can be clearly observed by looking at nature (ROMANS 1:20), by anyone with eyes in their head, and without diffidence or timidity (Isaiah 1:18, 40:11). The formal Word of God underlies every element and process in the universe (JOHN 1:3, COLOSSIANS 1:16-17). And since we are natural creatures, made from the natural dust of the earth (Genesis 2:7), the Word upon which the universe runs is also not in some distant heaven but in our own bodies, hearts and minds (Deuteronomy 30:14, Jeremiah 31:33, MATTHEW 28:20, LUKE 17:21, JOHN 14:20, 2 CORINTHIANS 3:3). Time is not the stage upon which the universe evolves, but a function of the universe. In other words: the universe didn't begin in a point in time, but time began at a point in the universe (namely at the point at which particles were stable and could bind to others and thus retain data). This means that the "cause" of the universe happens not in some distant past, but outside of time and is as much related to the distant past as to the distant future and the very now. The cause of time caused all of time, and the direction of the cause of time stands perpendicular upon the axis of time. The unity of the singularity was never compromised, and God not merely pushes forth the singular universe at one end, He also pulls forth the singular universe from the other end (this is what Chaos Theory calls an attractor). The nature of God includes the condition of sub-zero entropy prior to the Big Bang, and the condition of transfinite entropy at the end of all evolution. God is both more primitive than primal energy, and He is more advanced than the whole interlinked bustle of humankind throughout the ages and those to come. Imagine all the people The word כבוד (kabud), which the Septuagint replaces with our word δοξα (doxa), means impression. It comes from a verb that describes what a heavy boulder would do to soft earth, and appears to express much the same action as our Greek verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to image-form. It's what happens when lots of pixels work together to create a picture, or when lots of starlings create a flying jelly-fish, or when lots of saints form the image of the eternal Creator (relate HEBREWS 1:2-3 to GALATIANS 3:26, JOHN 14:20 and HEBREWS 12:1; also see our article on the adjective αγιος, hagios, meaning "holy" or rather "causing to converge"). The challenge with our noun δοξα (doxa) is that it is a very common word in Greek philosophical literature but clearly not constructed via common grammatical rules of derivation. It's possibly of foreign origin but obviously related to our verb δοκεω (dokeo) and noun δογμα (dogma). In other words, the noun δοξα (doxa) relates to δογμα (dogma) the way the French word imagination relates to our English word "imagination." Both obviously relate to the verb to imagine, but if we would sprinkle our speech with the occasional French imagination we deliberately indicate that while we indeed simply mean "making a mental image" we also mix in something exotic that relates to spicy cheeses and red wine. Here at Abarim Publications we suspect that our word δοξα (doxa) celebrates mankind's amazing powers of willful reflection and ability to deliberately generate reality out of initially imagined things — not merely to image fairies, monsters and what danger might lurk around the next corner but to imagine entire new worlds and set course for them: a mankind without countries to declare superior (ROMANS 2:11), without religions to fight over (REVELATION 21:22), but living as one in a world without greed and hunger. To most of us, this is not hard to do, and many of us have made the small changes in our lives that will one day add up to mankind's most significant collective course correction: away from the slavery of modern capitalism and onto the New Jerusalem (GALATIANS 4:26, REVELATION 21:2). There's nothing unreal about imagination. Imagination is to human reality what complex numbers are to geometry and what path integral formulation is to quantum mechanics. Imagination is the very principle by which the entire universe is called into being. Or in other words: our reality exists in God's imagination, and God's reality exists in ours (JOHN 17:1). God is love (1 JOHN 4:8) and since He made us in His own image (Genesis 1:26), we love because He loves us first (1 JOHN 4:19). In that same way, our amazing ability to imagine stems from God imagining us first. It's been often cheered that "love is all you need" but when Israel left the house of bondage that Egypt was, the Lord placed an angel ahead of their column that would lead them to their Promised Land (Exodus 23:20-22). Read our article on the noun αγγελος (aggelos) for a closer look at the relationship between imagination and angels. This awesome noun δοξα (doxa), meaning "something made real via imagination" is used 168 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it in turn derive: The verb δοξαζω (doxazo), meaning "to imaginate"; to realize by imagination rather than by observable or established data. In science, this verb describes the transition between inkling and hypothesis (whereas physical experimentation governs the transition between hypothesis and theory). It's a very important activity, and this verb is used 62 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. From it in turn comes: Together with the preposition συν (sun), meaning together or with: the verb συνδοξαζω (sundoxazo), meaning to jointly imaginate (ROMANS 8:17 only) Together with the preposition εν (en), meaning in: the adjective ενδοξος (endoxos), meaning vested with imagination; enthusiastically imagined by an imaginer. This verb occurs 4 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it comes: The verb ενδοξαζω (endoxazo), meaning to vest with imagination, to vest one's imagination into (2 THESSALONIANS 1:10 and 1:12 only). Together with the adjective κενος (kenos), meaning empty or void: the adjective κενοδοξος (kenodoxos), meaning of empty imagination, of an inert fantasy (GALATIANS 5:26 only). From this adjective comes: The noun κενοδοξια (kenodoxia), meaning inert fantasy, an imagined thing that is so far removed from what is possible that it will not enter into reality. A waste of one's precious imaginary powers (PHILIPPIANS 2:3 only). Together with the preposition παρα (para), meaning near or nearby: the adjective παραδοξος (paradoxos), which describes an idea or notion that is not in line with what can be expected from one's normally functioning imagination; something inconceivable or unimaginable. This is one of the few words of this group that made it into our modern language with most of its original meaning in tact. In the New Testament it occurs in LUKE 5:26 only. δοκος The noun δοκος (dokos) describes the main carrier beam of either the roof or floor of a building. This word obviously comes from the idea that this item "accepts" the roof or floor, but the clear kinship with the verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to imagine or to mentally accept, allows for striking wordplay, or rather: commentary on the workings on man's mind. Throughout the Bible, dry land (γη, et) is a dominant and obvious metaphor for certainty (mental footing: knowledge, skills, wisdom), whereas the sea represents uncertainty but potential, rivers represent culture and economy and rain represents instruction (the noun מורה, moreh means both rain and teacher and is closely related to the familiar word Torah). The Bible also casually mentions "waters under the earth" (Exodus 20:4, Deuteronomy 4:18, 5:8), which was in modern times gleefully dismissed as primitive mythology until Pierre Janet came up with the concept of the subconscious (and Freud made it hip not long after). The word for "speck of dust" that sat famously lodged in the eye of one's brother comes from a verb that means to be dry. But besides being some literal flake, this item also represented a tiny little bit of information that had recently struck this man (and which also probably made his eyes water: see Ecclesiastes 1:18). The one who offered to remove this tiny speck had himself a δοκος (dokos) in his eye, which in English makes for a rather comical image but which in Greek speaks of the foundation of an entire system of belief. Any belief, methodology or religion will always get in the way of one's clear vision, and when one wants to enter the temple of the Living God and behold unimaginable things, he'd better leave his preconceived beliefs at the door. Nobody needs help in this regard, anyway. All human eyes are by nature wholly capable of flushing any little speck out and away. Our noun is used 6 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, all in the context of the helpful brother. δεχομαι The verb δεχομαι (dechomai) means to accept something offered or suggested (MATTHEW 11:14, MARK 10:15, LUKE 8:13), to receive something or someone sent (MATTHEW 10:14), or to engage with something (LUKE 16:6). This verb is closely related to the verb δοκεω (dokeo; see above), meaning to figure, find or imagine (hence the noun δοξα, doxa, traditionally interpreted as "glory" but probably more accurately: imagination or image-formation) and both stem from the widely attested Proto-Indo-European root dek-, meaning to take or accept. Our verb δεχομαι (dechomai) is used a mere 58 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, but is also used in the following array of derivations: Together with the preposition ανα (ana), meaning on or upon: the verb αναδεχομαι (anadechomai), meaning to accept again and again or to receive while demonstrating a broad spectrum of hospitality (ACTS 28:7 and HEBREWS 11:17 only). Together with the preposition απο (apo), meaning from: the verb αποδεχομαι (apodechomai), meaning to receive or accept out of — out of a general group or certain situation or location. This verb is used 6 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it in turn derive: The adjective αποδεκτος (apodektos), which describes a condition pertaining to the parent verb. It means both receptive (hospitable) or acceptable (1 TIMOTHY 2:3 and 5:4 only). The noun αποδοχη (apodoche), meaning reception or acceptation (1 TIMOTHY 1:15 and 4:9 only). The adjective δεκος (dekos), meaning of acceptance; pertaining to the act of accepting or receiving: either open-minded or received/acceptable. It's used 5 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. Together with the prefix δια (dia), meaning through or throughout: the verb διαδεχομαι (diadechomai), meaning to receive via succession; to have something passed on to you (ACTS 7:45 only). From this verb comes: The noun διαδοχος (diadokos), meaning a succession (ACTS 24:27 only). The noun δοκιμη (dokime), meaning that which is accepted. It's similar to the original meaning of δογμα (dogma) from the verb δοκεω (dokeo), and implies the result of an intelligent assessment made autonomously by well-informed people. It occurs 7 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it derives: Together with the particle of negation α (a): the adjective αδοκιμος (adokimos), meaning unaccepted, and thus by implication rejected or deemed either worthless or inapplicable. This doesn't mean that the thing considered is actually worthless, but only that it's been reckoned as such. This adjective is used 8 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. The verb δοκιμαζω (dokimazo), meaning to assess; to establish that something should be accepted through careful examination and consideration. This verb is common in the classics, and describes the procedure that establishes the merits or suitability of someone for some office (1 TIMOTHY 3:10), function and on rare occasions a fitting punishment. This verb only describes the process and not the outcome (LUKE 12:56, 14:19, ROMANS 2:18, 1 CORINTHIANS 3:13, 1 THESSALONIANS 5:21, 1 JOHN 4:1), but if the thing previously assessed is still there, a positive outcome is obviously implied (1 CORINTHIANS 16:3, 2 CORINTHIANS 8:22, ROMANS 14:22) and when not, a negative one (HEBREWS 3:9). Sometimes our verb describes a virtuous examining (ROMANS 1:28, see 1:20), and sometimes a tedious indecisiveness (HEBREWS 3:9). In the New Testament our verb used 23 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it comes: Again together with the preposition απο (apo), meaning from: the verb αποδοκιμαζω (apodokimazo), meaning to establish that something is to be removed from consideration or further examination; to reject. This again doesn't mean that the thing examined is worthless in an absolute sense, but rather found of no practical application in the foreseeable future. This verb is used 9 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, most strikingly to describe the attitude of builders toward a certain stone (MATTHEW 21:42). The noun δοκιμη (dokime), meaning proof, or a usefulness demonstrated by an item's continued existence and use. In the first century, mathematics was not yet the language of science and most reasoning was conducted through speech. That meant that proof and trustworthiness went hand in hand with reputation, and that one's reputation was established not only from the scrutiny of many investigators but also from the practical use of many hands. If a certain saying or technological process kept meeting expectations, its longevity served as obvious proof of its usefulness. Then as much as now, if the item under scrutiny was complicated and much was at stake, the status of "proven" would only follow a long period of rigorous testing (2 CORINTHIANS 8:2). But when proof was obtained, a world of further possibilities would open up (ROMANS 5:4). This noun occurs 7 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. The noun δοκιμιον (dokimion), which describes the means by which something is tested or the process of this testing (JAMES 1:3 and 1 PETER 1:7 only). The noun δοχη (doche), meaning a reception: an occasion specifically organized to receive people (LUKE 5:29 and 14:13 only). Together with the preposition εις (eis) meaning in, to or toward: the verb εισδεχομαι (eisdechomai), meaning to receive into. It's used only once, in 2 CORINTHIANS 6:17, where it contrasts a coming out of the general population and into God's community. Together with the preposition εκ (ek), meaning out: the verb εκδεχομαι (ekdechomai), meaning to take or receive out of the hands or considerations of someone, or to derive from certain events; to grow cautious or to await for certain events to unfold, to wait out or to anticipate (which is nearly the literal Latin equivalent of our verb). This verb is used 7 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it derive: Once more together with the preposition απο (apo), meaning from: the verb αποδεχομαι (apodechomai), meaning to anticipate from; to await something to come out of or from something that is unfolding. This verb is used 8 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. The noun εκδοχη (ekdoche), meaning an anticipation (HEBREWS 10:27 only). Together with the preposition εν (en), meaning in, on, at or by: the verb ενδεχομαι (endechomai), meaning to take upon oneself; to accept, admit or allow. In absolute sense it often means to be possible, and that's the sense of this verb's only occurrence in the New Testament: in LUKE 13:33. From it derives: Again together with the particle of negation α (a): the adjective ανενδεκτος (anendektos), meaning impossible. It's used in LUKE 17:1 only. Together with the preposition επι (epi), meaning on or upon: the verb επιδεχομαι (epidechomai), meaning to receive besides or in addition. This verb is used in 3 JOHN 1:9 and 1:10 only, where the author appears to insinuate that Diotrephes didn't accept John's words among many other things and people (1:5). Together with the preposition παρα (para), meaning near or nearby: the verb παραδεχομαι (paradechomai), literally meaning to nearly receive but in practice used to mean to receive or accept via something else; to be passed on something from an original giver via a relay. In the classics this verb commonly describes children receiving by inheritance, students learning from a master, news propagating via rumor or tradition. It also frequently means to admit (as a member into a group, city, organization), with the implication of being introduced and proposed first. This verb is used 5 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. Together with the prefix προς (pros), which describes a motion toward: the verb προσδεχομαι (prosdechomai), meaning to accept with foresight; to eagerly anticipate a future receiving (and to behave accordingly), or to receive with a specific objective or effect. It's what investors do when they are sure that a stock will rise: they borrow a lot of money and buy the stock on credit. When the payout comes, they pay back the loan plus interest, and walk away with the fruits of their foresight. People who clearly see the Kingdom of God in times ahead can invest in it today by making wise alterations to their behavior and relationships. Our verb describes stance or behavior that is related to a future event or condition. In the New Testament it's mostly linked to the Kingdom, which doesn't simply show up out of nowhere (as medieval theology sometimes suggested) but rather as a result of all people freely adjusting their behaviors, and urging their children to do so too, so that in time humanity will arrive at the true north of all creation. In LUKE 15:2 the Pharisees didn't complain that Jesus "received" sinners, but rather that his novel teaching and uppity lenience would bring sinners about. This important verb is used 14 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it comes: Together with the prefix ευ (eu), meaning good: the adjective ευπροσδεχτος (euprosdechomai), meaning to joyfully anticipate a future receiving, or to joyfully receive with a specific objective or effect. This adjective occurs 5 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. Together with the preposition υπο (hupo) meaning under: the verb υποδεχομαι (hupodechomai), meaning to receive under; to take into one's protection or care (this is what "angels" naturally do; read our article on the word αγγελος, aggelos). This verb is used 4 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.

Answer 127

TO BE THINKING νέω (néō, “I spin”) I swim I spin (a yarn) threads of the mind. ``` νᾱ́ω • (nā́ō) I flow (over) ``` νᾶμᾰ • (nâma) n (genitive νᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension Running water: fountain, stream, river, spring. From νάω (náō, “flow”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). That which flows. νοῶ • (noô) Contracted form of νοέω (noéō) From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow, to swim”). ``` Ναϊάς From naiad (mythology): river god (aquatic larva): instar, larva, nymph (aquatic plant): water nymph. ``` ``` Greek: νύμφη f (nýmfi, “bride, nymph, pupa”), νύφη f (nýfi, “bride”) νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension bride, young wife young girl daughter-in-law nymph spring, water bee or wasp in pupa stage male ant clitoris ``` nubile (plural nubiles) A young sexually attractive woman. Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable (principally of a young woman). Sexually attractive (especially of a young woman). νοέω To think, to conceive, to perceive. ``` νοεῖν present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō) To be thinking. To be conceiving. To be intending. To be perceiving. ``` νόησις An act of perceiving, or judging, or remembering. The result of thinking being intelligence. νόος νοῦς νόημα That which is thought about. Object of thought. present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō) νοέω to perceive by the eyes, observe, notice νοεῖν - (present active infinitive) Seeing - Thinking - Apprehending. From νόος (noos), νοῦς (nous, "perception, understanding, mind"). Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive in infinitive - to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem of words - to bear a certain sense, to mean. νοῦς ``` νόου - (Noun) mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word. ``` In Attic philosophy - intelligence, intellect, reason as named by Anaxagoras. The principle which acts on elementary particles of matter. From ancient Greek νόησις intelligence, understanding, idea, concept, (plural) processes of thought from νοεῖν to see, perceive, understand, intend + -σις. __________________________________________ Usage A distinction is typically made between simply seeing (εἴδω (eidō)) and seeing accompanied by mental perception (νοέω). ``` apprehend idem, page 36. bethink oneself idem, page 76. conceive idem, page 154. consider idem, page 163. contemplate idem, page 166. decide idem, page 200. denote idem, page 210. determine idem, page 219. discern idem, page 229. discover idem, page 231. grasp idem, page 370. heed idem, page 394. idea idem, page 413. imagine idem, page 417. imply idem, page 422. import idem, page 422. mark idem, page 514. mean idem, page 519. meditate idem, page 522. mind idem, page 530. minded idem, page 530. note idem, page 562. notice idem, page 562. notion idem, page 562. observe idem, page 567. perceive idem, page 607. picture idem, page 611. plan idem, page 617. ponder idem, page 626. propose idem, page 653. purpose idem, page 659. realise idem, page 675. reflect idem, page 684. resolve idem, page 702. see idem, page 748. signify idem, page 775. suppose idem, page 841. think idem, page 867. view idem, page 951. ```

Answer 128

FANTASY From φᾰντός (“visible”) +‎ -ᾰ́ζω verbal adjective of φαίνω (“I cause to appear, bring to light”). ``` φᾰντᾰ́ζω • (phantázō) VERB to show; to make visible (in the mediopassive) to place before one's mind, to picture to oneself, to imagine (passive) to become visible, appear to be heard to be terrified by visions or phantasms. ``` φαίνω • (phaínō) - φανεῖν - φαίνεται- πέφανται - φαίνετο VERB (transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal. (transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose. (transitive) Ι show forth, expound. (intransitive) I shine, give light. I come into being, come about. (copulative or control verb) I appear (to be) _______________________________________ -ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs. Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form. ‎ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + ‎-άζω (-ázō) → ‎ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)

Answer 129

ANIMA - BREATHE - WIND From Ancient Greek ἄνεμος Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos A nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). ___________________________________________ Proto-Indo-European - *h₂enh₁mos The 'Breath' that results from breathing. *h₂enh₁- To breathe. *(ó)-mos m Creates action/result nouns from verb stems. ___________________________________________ Latin: Anhēlus Latin - Hālō Latin - Spiritus ___________________________________________ Celtic: *anaman (“soul”) Proto-Celtic - *anaman n Soul, Spirit ___________________________________________ English - Breath ___________________________________________ English - Soul (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death. _________________________________________ Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”) Old English - sāƿol sāƿol f (nominative plural sāƿla) Alternative form of sāwol. The rune 'wynn' - ᚹ Wynn (Ƿ ƿ) (also spelled wen, ƿynn, or ƿen) is a letter of the Old English alphabet, where it is used to represent the sound /w/. The denotation of the rune is "joy, bliss" Proto-Germanic reconstruction of the rune's name as *wunjô "joy" ᚹ A letter of the Runic alphabet present in the Elder Fuþark (ᚹ) and the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc (ᚹ, called wynn) representing /w/ and associated with joy and bliss in the Anglo-Saxon rune-poem. ``` Old English - saƿla - (sāwla) sāƿol f saƿla f - plural of saƿol saƿla - Alternative form of sāwol _________________________________________ ``` Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Cognate with Scots saul, soul (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel. Icelandic sál Old English sāwol. the intellectual or immortal principle in man. From Proto-Germanic *saiwalō. Life force. _____________________________________________ Αίολος • (Aíolos) m (Greek mythology) Aeolus (Greek god of the winds) From αἰόλος (“moving, swift”) from Proto-Hellenic *walwólos from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn”). Αἰολεύς (Aioleús) Αἰολία (Aiolía) Αἰολίς (Aiolís) ``` Adjective αἰόλος • (aiólos) m (feminine αἰόλη, neuter αἰόλον); first/second declension quick, nimble, swift wriggling (of worms) glittering, sheeny (of armours) chequered, changeful shifty, slippery. ``` Etymology Unknown. The word has been connected with αἰών (“lifetime”) and Sanskrit आयु (āyu, “life, vital force”) but this is formally improbable. ____________________________________________ Latin - Aeolus (Greek mythology) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind. Aeolian (not comparable) Relating to Aeolus, the Greek god of wind. Æolus Obsolete spelling of Aeolus. ________________________________________ ATMOSPHERE ἀτμός • (atmós) m (genitive ἀτμοῦ); second declension vapour, steam, smoke. For *ἀετμός (*aetmós), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-. See ἄημι (áēmi). ἄημι • (áēmi) I breathe, blow. From ἄϝημι (áwēmi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-. Cognates include Old English and English wind, Latin ventus, vannus, Sanskrit वाति (vāti, “to blow”). ``` Proto-Indo-European/ h₂weh₁- *h₂weh₁- (imperfective) to blow (of wind) ``` Terms derived from the PIE root *h₂weh₁- Ancient Greek: ἀτμός (atmós) vapour, steam, smoke αὔρα (aúra) steam, cool air in motion, breeze, fresh air of the morning. ``` ἀήρ (aḗr) air ᾱ̓ήρ • (āḗr) m (genitive ᾱ̓έρος); third declension mist air wind space, volume blue or grey (the colour of the sky) Beekes gives Proto-Hellenic *auhḗr (“morning mist”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsḗr from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”). Cognate with αὔρᾱ (aúrā) (< *h₂éwsreh₂), Latin aurōra. ``` ἄελλα (áella), ἀίσθω (aísthō), ἆθλον (âthlon) ___________________________________________ LATIN aurōra f (genitive aurōrae); first declension dawn, sunrise. From Proto-Italic *auzōs (as Flōra from flōs), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”). In the Proto-Indo-European religion it was personified as the goddess of the dawn, corresponding to the Roman goddess Aurōra, from *h₂ews- (“east”). Cognates include the Latin auster, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs), ἠώς (ēṓs), the Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn”, “Ushas”), and the Old English Ēostre (modern Easter), English east. *auzōs f dawn Proto-Indo-European - *h₂éwsōs f dawn goddess of dawn, bringer of light for which she is punished. From earlier *h₂éws-os-s, from *h₂ews- (“dawn”). *h₂ews- dawn east. From Ancient Greek - Ἠώς / ἠώς (ēṓs) *h₂ews- dawn east. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognates include Latin Aurora, aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English Ēostre. ἠώς • (ēṓs) f (genitive ἠοῦς); third declension (Epic, Ionic) The morning red, daybreak, dawn Dawn as a length of time: morning. From Proto-Hellenic *auhṓs, awhṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion, corresponding to Ancient Greek goddess Ἠώς (Ēṓs). Cognates include Latin Aurora/aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English Ēostre and Old Armenian այգ (ayg), առաւաւտ (aṙawawt). ________________________________________ From Old English Ēostre, Ēastre (“a goddess of spring and fertility”) and ēastre (“Easter”), from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; a goddess of spring and fertility”). (paganism) A modern pagan festival celebrated either in March or April to welcome the Spring, also called Ostara or Easter. from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ *Austrǭ f[2] Easter, springtime (disputed) The name of a goddess of spring and fertility. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“dawn”) or *h₂wes- (“to dawn”). If the ancestral formation is *h₂ewsreh₂, Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), is identical in formation, as is Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), if from Proto-Greek *aúhrā (< *h₂éwsreh₂). Sanskrit उस्रा (usrā́-, “dawn, morning”) (from *h₂usreh₂) only differs by the zero-grade in the root. Also compare Proto-Slavic *utro (“morning, dawn”) (with variants including *ustro, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *auš(t)ra- (“dawn, morning”)) and Albanian err (“darkness”) (if from *ausra (“twilight”)). For the epenthetic -t- in Proto-Germanic (also widespread in Balto-Slavic), compare *þimistraz (“dark, dusky”). All of these may go back to a Proto-Indo-European adjective *h₂us-ró- (> Sanskrit उस्र (usrá-, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”)) ~ *h₂éws-ro- (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), derived from a r-stem noun *h₂us-r- (forms belonging to such a formation are attested in the oldest Vedic[1]), explaining the differences in ablaut and gender. Proto-Celtic *wāsrī from *h₂wōsrih₂ (> Old Irish fáir) is close as well. See also the noun *h₂éwsōs and its descendants, including Latin Aurōra, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs).

Answer 130

HE KNEW ᾔδει he knew V-LIA-3S ᾔδεισαν knew V-LIA-3P

Answer 131

WE KNOW οἴδαμεν we know V-RIA-1P

Answer 132

YOU KNOW οἶδας you know V-RIA-2S

Answer 133

THE MIND ITSELF (as a model of ideas) νοῦς - the thoughts. νοέω - to think. A Collection of Axioms that form the basis of thought form itself. A Collection of Wisdom. (Ought Not or Perhaps) The Building Blocks of Thought. A Collection of Wise Axioms. A Collection of Rules. (Do Not or Else!) The Rules that form the Foundation of Civil Society. Worldly Conformity-(Survival and Instincts) Civil Conformity-(Rules, Laws, Ethics and Morals) Eternal Wisdom Conformity-(Transcendence) ``` Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. ``` For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. Ro 12:2,3: "And do not be 'conformed' to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect". For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith. _________________________________________ νοέω - to apply mental effort needed to reach "bottom-line" conclusions. To think. ? - Inherent capacity to reason. Ability to think. νοῦς - the collection of thoughts themselves. ὑπονοέω - by reason of... under reason. (The reason itself) A Collection of ideas that in and of themselves all cohere together to form conclusions that allow for civilized society and also provide the framework for the mind to achieve transcendent self awareness as a certainty of knowledge, that 'concludes' the journey of 'faith' needed to get there.

Answer 134

CONFUSED συγκεχυμένη confused V-RPM/P-NFS From sygxéō (from 4862 /sýn, "identified with" and xeō, "to pour") – properly, pour out together, i.e. in combination. from sun and cheó (to pour) to pour together, i.e. to confuse, throw into confusion. bewildered (1), confounding (1), confusion (2), stir (1). Original Word: συγχέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: sugcheó or sugchunnó Phonetic Spelling: (soong-kheh'-o) Definition: to pour together, to confuse, throw into confusion Usage: I bewilder, stir up, throw into confusion. ``` Acts 21:27 V-IIA-3P GRK: τῷ ἱερῷ συνέχεον πάντα τὸν NAS: him in the temple, [began] to stir up all KJV: the temple, stirred up all INT: the temple stirred up all the ```

Answer 135

CONCEIVABLE - IMAGINARY νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό) (formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind) Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι'. It's inconceivable for you to risk your life for her. _______________________________ IMAGINED (formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind) ο νοητός άξονας της Γης The Earth's imaginary axis.

Answer 136

SCHEMES νοήματα schemes N-ANP ``` 2 Corinthians 2:11 N-ANP GRK: αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν NAS: for we are not ignorant of his schemes. KJV: ignorant of his devices. INT: of his thoughts are we ignorant ``` ``` 2 Corinthians 3:14 N-NNP GRK: ἐπωρώθη τὰ νοήματα αὐτῶν ἄχρι NAS: But their minds were hardened; KJV: But their minds were blinded: for INT: were hardened the minds of them until. ``` ``` Original Word: νόημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: noéma Phonetic Spelling: (no'-ay-mah) Definition: thought, purpose Usage: a thought, purpose, design; the mind; the heart, soul, feelings. HELPS Word-studies 3540 nóēma (a neuter noun, derived from 3539 /noiéō, "to exert mental effort") – properly, the mind, especially its final output (systematic understanding, TDNT). Note the -ma suffix which underlines the result of the thinking, i.e. the personal verdict that comes out of using the mind. ``` νόημα, νοηματος, τό, from Homer down; 1. a mental perception, thought. 2. specifically, (an evil) purpose: αἰχμαλωτίζειν πᾶν νόημα εἰς τήν ὑπακοήν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, to cause whoever is devising evil against Christ to desist from his purpose and submit himself to Christ (as Paul sets him forth), 2 Corinthians 10:5; plural: 2 Corinthians 2:11 (τοῦ διαβόλου, Ignatius ad Eph. (interpolated) 14 [ET]; τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν πονηρᾶς, Baruch 2:8). 3. that which thinks, the mind: plural (where the minds of many are referred to), 2 Corinthians 3:14; 2 Corinthians 4:4, and perhaps (2 Corinthians 11:3); Philippians 4:7, for here the word may mean thoughts and purposes; (others would so take it also in all the examples cited under this head (cf. καύχημα, 2)). __________________________________________ ``` Original Word: νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize. ``` noiéō (from 3563 /noús, "mind") – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach "bottom-line" conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning. νοέω, νόω; 1 aorist ἐνόησα; (present passive participle (neuter plural) νωυμενα); (νοῦς); from Homer down; the Sept. for הַבִין and הִתְבּונֵן, and for הִשְׂכִּיל; 1. to perceive with the mind, to understand: absolutely, with the addition τῇ καρδία, John 12:40 (Isaiah 44:18); with an accusative of the thing, Ephesians 3:4, 20; 1 Timothy 1:7; passive: Romans 1:20; followed by ὅτι, Matthew 15:17; Matthew 16:11; Mark 7:18; followed by an accusative with an infinitive, Hebrews 11:3; the absolute equivalent to to have understanding: Matthew 16:9; Mark 8:17. 2. to think upon, heed, ponder, consider: ὀείτω, namely, let him attend to the events that occur, which will show the time to flee, Matthew 24:15; Mark 13:14; (similarly νόει ὁ (R G ἅ) λέγω, 2 Timothy 2:7). (Compare: εὐνοέω, κατανοέω, μετανοέω, προνοέω, ὑπονοέω.) From nous; to exercise the mind (observe), i.e. (figuratively) to comprehend, heed -- consider, perceive, think, understand. __________________________________________ ``` Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. ``` composure (1), comprehension (1), mind (20), minds (1), understanding (1). 3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. Ro 12:2,3: "2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)" (NASU). 1. the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically. the intellective faculty, the understanding. opposed to τό πνεῦμα, the spirit intensely roused and completely absorbed with divine things, but destitute of clear ideas of them. reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil. the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially. a particular mode of thinking and judging. Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind (divine or human; in thought, feeling, or will); by implication, meaning -- mind, understanding. Compare psuche. _____________________________________________ γινώσκω BECOME KNOWN - BECOME KNOWLEDGEABLE Original Word: γινώσκω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ginóskó Phonetic Spelling: (ghin-oce'-ko) Definition: to come to know, recognize, perceive Usage: I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn; aor: I ascertained, realized. HELPS Word-studies 1097 ginṓskō – properly, to know, especially through personal experience (first-hand acquaintance). 1097 /ginṓskō ("experientially know") is used for example in Lk 1:34, "And Mary [a virgin] said to the angel, 'How will this be since I do not know (1097 /ginṓskō = sexual intimacy) a man?'" to learn to know, come to know, get a knowledge of; passive to become known. ___________________________________________ ``` Original Word: ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: psuché Phonetic Spelling: (psoo-khay') Definition: breath, the soul Usage: (a) the vital breath, breath of life, (b) the human soul, (c) the soul as the seat of affections and will, (d) the self, (e) a human person, an individual. ``` 5590 psyxḗ (from psyxō, "to breathe, blow" which is the root of the English words "psyche," "psychology") – soul (psyche); a person's distinct identity (unique personhood), i.e. individual personality. 5590 (psyxē) corresponds exactly to the OT 5315 /phágō ("soul"). The soul is the direct aftermath of God breathing (blowing) His gift of life into a person, making them an ensouled being. the breath of life; the vital force which animates the body and shows itself in breathing.

Answer 137

θέση • (thési) f (plural θέσεις) position (a place, location) job, post station, status. From Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “placement”), from Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”). ______________________________________ θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension ``` a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop ``` Could simply be from τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”) +‎ -σις (-sis), or could go back earlier. If so, would be from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from *dʰeh₁- (whence also τίθημι (títhēmi)), with cognates including Sanskrit अपिहिति (ápihiti), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬌𐬛𐬍𐬙𐬌‎ (arōidīti), Latin conditiō, and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍃 (gadēds). More at deed. -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process

Answer 138

WONDER θαυμάσῃς do wonder V-ASA-2S ``` θαυμάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: thaumazó Phonetic Spelling: (thou-mad'-zo) Definition: to marvel, wonder Usage: (a) intrans: I wonder, marvel, (b) trans: I wonder at, admire. ``` thaumázō (from 2295 /thaúma, "a wonder, marvel") – properly, wonder at, be amazed (marvel), i.e. astonished out of one's senses; awestruck, "wondering very greatly" (Souter); to cause "wonder; . . . to regard with amazement, and with a suggestion of beginning to speculate on the matter" (WS, 225). am amazed (1), amazed (15), amazement (1), astonished (3), being amazed (1), flattering (1), marvel (4), marveled (5), marveling (2), surprised (2), wonder (2), wondered (4), wondering (2). ``` Original Word: θαῦμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: thauma Phonetic Spelling: (thos'-mah) Definition: a wonder Usage: (a) concr: a marvel, wonder, (b) abstr: wonder, amazement. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2295 thaúma – a wonder, evoking "emotional" astonishment (gaping) at the marvel, i.e. performed to powerfully strike the viewer personally (uniquely, individually). See 2296 (thaumázō). ```

Answer 139

UNAPPROACHABLE - INCOMPREHENSIBLE From ἀ-πρόσ-ιτος ``` Original Word: ἀπρόσιτος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aprositos Phonetic Spelling: (ap-ros'-ee-tos) Definition: unapproachable. ``` from alpha (as a neg. prefix) and a comp. of pros and eimi (to go) From a (as a negative particle) and a derivative of a comparative of pros and eimi (to go); inaccessible -- which no man can approach. see GREEK a see GREEK pros

Answer 140

INEFFABLE - INDESCRIBABLE άφατος (not having light) ineffable { adjective } beyond expression unspeakable { adjective } incapable of being spoken or uttered

Answer 141

NAMELESS - NOMEN INEFFABLE unfathomable unmentionable unspeakable incommunicable { adjective } indefinable { adjective } indescribable { adjective } Ο πόνος που έχει υπομείνει η Μαϊλίν από τις εγχειρήσεις και από τον εμπαιγμό άλλων παιδιών είναι απερίγραπτος. The pain that Mailyn has suffered from the operations and from the mockery of other children is indescribable. nameless { adjective } undescribable { adjective } untold { adjective } unutterable { adjective } __________________________________________ Ή πιστεύεις πως αυτός ο απερίγραπτος, σύγχρονος, τρόπος ζωής εμπνέει αυτά τα αξιοθρήνητα σκουπίδια που τώρα αποκαλούμε τέχνη; Or do you think that this unmentionable way of modern life, inspires the wretched refuse we now call art? __________________________________________ Ο καλιφορvέζος δικηγόρος, ο απερίγραπτος κύριος Moore, έκαvε μvεία της Ku Klux Klan. The Californian lawyer, the indescribable Mr. Moore, mention the Ku Klux Klan. __________________________________________ Αυτός είναι ο απερίγραπτος θησαυρός που βρήκα στην «γη της επαγγελίας.» This is the unspeakable treasure that I found in this “land of promise.” __________________________________________ Ο παλιός καλός απερίγραπτος μπαμπάς. Mmmmhm. Good old unfathomable Dad. __________________________________________ Στην Κορέα η χαρά ήταν ακόμη μεγαλύτερη και ο ενθουσιασμός απερίγραπτος επειδή οι παρόντες έλαβαν τη Μετάφραση Νέου Κόσμου στην κορεατική. In Korea there was added joy—yes, overwhelming enthusiasm—upon receiving the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in Korean.

Answer 142

LIGHT - THE INTELLIGENCE OF MEN φῶς Light N-NNS φωτίζει enlightens V-PIA-3S φωτός Light N-GNS (opposed to τό σκότος, ἡ σκοτία) _______________________________________ ``` Original Word: φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ. ``` cont. of phaos (light, daylight); from the same as phainó. ___________________________________________ (i. e. illumining power) is not in him, consequently he does not see or distinguish the filings about him, John 11:10; the light emitted by a lamp, Luke 8:16; ( L Tr text WH). a heavenly light, such as surrounds angels when they appear on earth: hence, ἄγγελος φωτός, by metonymy, anything emitting light: a heavenly luminary (or star) fire, because it is light and gives light. light i. e. brightness. (where it symbolizes his rank, influence, worth, mighty deeds) The extremely delicate, subtile, pure, brilliant quality of light has led to the use of φῶς as an appellation of God, i. e. as by nature incorporeal, spotless, holy, empty. Symbol of the codependence with consciousness as an observer of light. Light is nothing without someone to see it. Therefore it is a symbol of the codependency of life itself. The empiricist makes the mistake of ignoring the conscious observer and erroneously believes there is an objective reality that can be known, perceived, conceived or described "as existing independently" and from its own side as something independent of conscious being and a perceiving life form. This is easily disproven by pointing out such an objective entity could not be perceived, conceived and therefore spoken of or described with words, nor even communicated to others absent the light and sound that communicated meaning from one conscious observer to another. Therefore the pure empiricist who denies the infinite eternal perpetual nature of life is the proponent of the most unprovable philosophic position. Even the ineffable is provable by its self evident being. I am therefore I think. I think therefore I am. φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind. by metonymy, φῶς; is used of one in whom wisdom and spiritual purity shine forth, and who imparts the same to others. τό φῶς τό ἀληθινόν, John 1:9; by the same name the disciples of Jesus are distinguished, Matthew 5:14; Christians are called φῶς ἐν κυρίῳ, having obtained saving wisdom in communion with Christ, Ephesians 5:8. πᾶν τό φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν, everything made manifest by the aid of Christian truth has taken on the nature of light, so that its true character and quality are no longer hidden. By a figure borrowed from daylight φῶς is used of that which is exposed to the view of all: ἐν τῷ φωτί (opposed to ἐν τῇ σκοτία), openly, publicly. reason, mind; the power of understanding especially moral and spiritual truth: τό φῶς τό ἐν σοι. From an obsolete phao (to shine or make manifest, especially by rays; compare phaino, phemi); luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative) -- fire, light. see GREEK phaino see GREEK phemi __________________________________________ Original Word: φαίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phainó Phonetic Spelling: (fah'-ee-no) Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as. to bring forth into the light, cause to shine; to show. to become evident, to be brought forth into light, come to view, appear. to meet the eyes, strike the sight, become clear or manifest. to appear to the mind, seem to one's judgment or opinion. What ye think. appear (5), appeared (7), appears (1), became evident (1), become (1), flashes (1), noticed (2), seem (1), seen (2), shine (3), shines (1), shining (4), shown (1), visible (1). ______________________________________ EPIPHANY ``` Original Word: φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. HELPS Word-studies 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany"). ``` to spread a report, to disseminate by report. Properly, the same as the base of phos and phaino; to show or make known one's thoughts, i.e. Speak or say -- affirm, say. Compare lego. see GREEK phos see GREEK phaino see GREEK lego ________________________________________ DARKNESS - OBLIVION - IGNORANCE σκοτία darkness N-NFS ``` Original Word: σκοτία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: skotia Phonetic Spelling: (skot-ee'-ah) Definition: darkness Usage: darkness; fig: spiritual darkness. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 4653 skotía (a feminine noun) – darkness, a brand of moral, spiritual obscurity (i.e. which blocks the light of God when faith is lacking). See also 4655 /skótos ("darkness"). ``` Original Word: σκότος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine; Noun, Neuter Transliteration: skotos Phonetic Spelling: (skot'-os) Definition: darkness Usage: darkness, either physical or moral. HELPS Word-studies 4655 skótos (a neuter noun) – properly, darkness (obscurity); (figuratively) the principle of sin with its certain results. if the light that is in thee is darkness, darkened (i. e. if the soul has lost its perceptive power), how great is the darkness (how much more deplorable than bodily blindness) metaphorically, of ignorance respecting divine things and human duties, and the accompanying ungodliness and immorality, together with their consequent misery. From the base of skia; shadiness, i.e. Obscurity (literally or figuratively) -- darkness. _______________________________________ ``` Original Word: σκιά, ᾶς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: skia Phonetic Spelling: (skee'-ah) Definition: shadow Usage: a shadow, shade, thick darkness, an outline. HELPS Word-studies 4639 skiá – properly, the shadow of a looming presence; (figuratively) a spiritual reality (good or bad) relating to God's light or spiritual darkness. ``` properly, shadow, i. e. shade caused by the interception of the light. σκιά θανάτου, shadow of death (like umbra mortis) 'the densest darkness' (because from of old Hades had been regarded as enveloped in thick darkness), tropically, the thick darkness of error (i. e. spiritual death; see θάνατος. --------------------------- 16 ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκότει φῶς εἶδεν μέγα, καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς. The people sitting in darkness a light have seen great, and those sitting in the land and the shadow of death, a light has dawned on them. ___________________________________ σκιᾷ shadow N-DFS σκοτίᾳ darkness N-DFS ______________________________________ ``` Original Word: θάνατος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: thanatos Phonetic Spelling: (than'-at-os) Definition: death Usage: death, physical or spiritual. HELPS Word-studies 2288 thánatos (derived from 2348 /thnḗskō, "to die") – physical or spiritual death; (figuratively) separation from the life (salvation) of God forever by dying without first experiencing death to self to receive His gift of salvation. ``` properly, the death of the body, i. e. that separation (whether natural or violent) of the soul from the body by which the life on earth is ended. Since the nether world, the abode of the dead, was conceived of as being very dark, χώρα καί σκιά θανάτου (צַלְמָוֶת) is equivalent to the region of thickest darkness, i. e. figuratively, a region enveloped in the darkness of ignorance and sin. θάνατος is used of the punishment of Christ. σῴζειν τινα ἐκ θανάτου, to free from the fear of death, to enable one to undergo death fearlessly. plural θανατοῖ, deaths (i. e. mortal perils) of various kinds. The inevitable necessity of dying, shared alike by all men, takes on in the popular imagination the form of a person, a tyrant, subjugating men to his power and confining them in his dark dominions. metaphorically, the loss of that life which alone is worthy of the name, i. e. "the misery of soul arising from sin, which begins on earth but lasts and increases after the death of the body" ________________________________________________________ DAWN - SUN RISING - MORNING STAR ``` ἀνατέλλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: anatelló Phonetic Spelling: (an-at-el'-lo) Definition: to cause to rise, to rise Usage: I make to rise, I rise, shine (generally of the sun, and hence met.). ``` 393 anatéllō (from 303 /aná, "up, completing a process" and tellō, "set out a goal") – properly, rise up after completing a necessary process; (figuratively) to fulfill a goal (reach its consummation). from ana and telló (to make to arise) arises (1), causes...to rise (1), dawned (1), descended (1), risen (3), rises (1), rising (1). From ana and the base of telos; to (cause to) arise -- (a-, make to) rise, at the rising of, spring (up), be up. ἀνά Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: ana Phonetic Spelling: (an-ah') Definition: as a preposition denotes upwards, up, as a prefix denotes up, again, back Usage: prep. Rare in NT; prop: upwards, up; among, between; in turn; apiece, by; as a prefix: up, to, anew, back. ``` Original Word: τέλος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: telos Phonetic Spelling: (tel'-os) Definition: an end, a toll Usage: (a) an end, (b) event or issue, (c) the principal end, aim, purpose, (d) a tax. HELPS Word-studies 5056 télos (a neuter noun) – properly, consummation (the end-goal, purpose), such as closure with all its results. ``` [This root (tel-) means "reaching the end (aim)." It is well-illustrated with the old pirate's telescope, unfolding (extending out) one stage at a time to function at full-strength (capacity effectiveness).] Termination, the limit at which a thing ceases to be, (in the Greek writings always of the end of some act or state, but not of the end of a period of time, which they call τελευτή. In 1 Corinthians 15:24 denotes either the end of the eschatological events, or the end of the resurrection i. e. the last or third act of the resurrection. Here the sense of fulfillment. that by which a thing is finished, its close, issue: Matthew 26:58; final lot, fate, with a genitive of the person whom the destiny befalls. the end to which all things relate, the aim, purpose. From a primary tello (to set out for a definite point or goal); properly, the point aimed at as a limit, i.e. (by implication) the conclusion of an act or state (termination (literally, figuratively or indefinitely), result (immediate, ultimate or prophetic), purpose); specially, an impost or levy (as paid) -- + continual, custom, end(-ing), finally, uttermost. Compare phoros. ``` Original Word: φόρος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: phoros Phonetic Spelling: (for'-os) Definition: tribute Usage: a tax, tribute, especially on persons. ``` tribute, especially the annual tax levied upon houses, lands, and persons. From phero; a load (as borne), i.e. (figuratively) a tax (properly, an individual assessment on persons or property; whereas telos is usually a general toll on goods or travel) -- tribute. ``` φέρω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: pheró Phonetic Spelling: (fer'-o) Definition: to bear, carry, bring forth Usage: I carry, bear, bring; I conduct, lead; perhaps: I make publicly known. ``` carry, bear, bring. 5342 phérō ("allied to German fahren, Scotch bairn, 'bear,' " J. Thayer, Curtis) – properly, to bear, carry (bring) along, especially temporarily or to a definite (prescribed) conclusion (defined by the individual context). See also 5409 /phoréō ("habitual bearing"). (1 Pet 1:13) being brought (5342 /phérō) – 1 Pet 1:13 commands us to "completely (5049 /teleíōs) hope on the grace now being brought (present, passive participle of 5342 /phérō) in (en) revelation (no article) of Jesus Christ." The following is a fuller expanded rendering of the Greek text, "Wherefore [in view of the meaning of salvation that extends to glorification, 1 Pet 1:9] having girded up the loins of your mind, being radically-moderate, completely hope on the grace being carried along (5342 /phérō) to you, in revelation, concerning Jesus Christ." to move by bearing; passive, like the Latinferor equivalent tomoveor, to be conveyed or borne, with a suggestion of speed or force. to bring forward in speech: προφητεία.

Answer 143

SEAL - MENTAL IMPRINT - INNER MIND Doxa (glory) as a single word is a single seal. DIAPHRAGM - That which regulates breathing, therefore regulates speech, what is spoken, being either truth or falsity. Original Word: φρήν, φρενός, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: phrén Phonetic Spelling: (frane) Definition: midriff, heart, mind, thought Usage: the mind, intellect, thought, understanding. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 5424 phrḗn (a feminine noun) – properly, "the midriff (diaphragm), the parts around the heart" (J. Thayer); (figuratively) visceral (personal) opinion; what a person "really has in mind," i.e. inner outlook (mind-set, insight) that regulates outward behavior. See 5429 (phronimos). [5424 (phrḗn) is the root of the English term, "diaphragm," which regulates breathing.] The midriff or diaphragm, the parts about the heart. the mind; the faculty of perceiving and judging: also in the plural; as, 1 Corinthians 14:20. ______________________________________________ φρεσίν minds N-DFP φρεσίν (phresin) — 2 Occurrences 1 Corinthians 14:20 N-DFP GRK: γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσίν ἀλλὰ τῇ NAS: do not be children in your thinking; yet KJV: children in understanding: howbeit INT: be in the minds but in the [regard to] 1 Corinthians 14:20 N-DFP GRK: ταῖς δὲ φρεσὶν τέλειοι γίνεσθε NAS: be infants, but in your thinking be mature. KJV: but in understanding be INT: in the [regard to] however thinking full grown be ________________________________________ φρεσίν Ἀδελφοί, μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε, ταῖς φρεσίν ἀλλὰ τῇ κακίᾳ νηπιάζετε. Be like little children, with fresh eyes having to learn again, with an empty mind willing to learn new things, not like a closed minded adult that thinks he knows everything, but has sadly been educated to participate within a corrupt system. Be willing to unlearn old things that have corrupted your thinking, and become like children, willing to learn new things, that will restore your thinking to truth, justice and wisdom, uncorrupted by evil things, μὴ not Adv παιδία children N-NNP γίνεσθε be V-PMM/P-2P ταῖς in the Art-DFP φρεσίν . minds N-DFP ἀλλὰ Yet Conj τῇ in the Art-DFS κακίᾳ , evil N-DFS νηπιάζετε ; be little children V-PMA-2P _________________________________________ Original Word: τέλειος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: teleios Phonetic Spelling: (tel'-i-os) Definition: having reached its end, complete, perfect Usage: perfect, (a) complete in all its parts, (b) full grown, of full age, (c) specially of the completeness of Christian character. Cognate: 5046 téleios (an adjective, derived from 5056 /télos, "consummated goal") – mature (consummated) from going through the necessary stages to reach the end-goal, i.e. developed into a consummating completion by fulfilling the necessary process (spiritual journey). See 5056 (telos). [This root (tel-) means "reaching the end (aim)." It is well-illustrated with the old pirate's telescope, unfolding (extending out) one stage at a time to function at full-strength (capacity effectiveness).] brought to its end, finished; lacking nothing necessary to completeness; perfect. of men, full-grown, adult; of full age, mature. μέχρι ... εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον, until we rise to the same level of knowledge which we ascribe to a full-grown man, until we can be likened to a full-grown man. ____________________________________________ φράσσω Metaphorically, to silence the critics and stop the misrepresentation and corruption of the truth. To enclose, guard and fence in to protect the truth from falsity. ``` Original Word: φράσσω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phrassó Phonetic Spelling: (fras'-so) Definition: to fence in, to stop Usage: I stop, close up, obstruct. ``` properly, fence in, enclose; (figuratively) to stop, blocking something off so it can not spread ("get out-of-hand"). to fence in, block up, stop up, close up. ἡ καύχησις αὕτη οὐ φραγήσεται, this glorying shall not be stopped, i. e. no one shall get from my conduct an argument to prove that it is empty. see σφραγίζω, at the beginning); tropically, to put to silence (A. V. stop) Apparently a strengthening form of the base of phren; to fence or inclose, i.e. (specially), to block up (figuratively, to silence) -- stop. ________________________________________ σφραγίς Metaphorically, to imprint upon the mind the truth. To create a conceptual memory in the mind. To stamp the words as seals upon the mind through reading, hearing and disciplined study, and therefore allow he who remembers to be restored to health from the debilitating and misery producing effects of falsity. "Seal" is often used metaphorically (Ro 4:11; 1 Cor 9:2; 2 ``` Original Word: σφραγίς, ῖδος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: sphragis Phonetic Spelling: (sfrag-ece') Definition: a seal, a signet Usage: a seal, signet ring, the impression of a seal, that which the seal attests, the proof. ``` sphragís – an etched (engraved) object pressed into soft wax or clay to seal a document (letter); a "seal." Cognate: 4973 sphragís – an etched (engraved) object pressed into soft wax or clay to seal a document (letter); a "seal." "Seal" is often used metaphorically (Ro 4:11; 1 Cor 9:2; 2 Tim 2:19; Rev 9:4). For more discussion see 4972 (sphragízō), and the HELPS prophecy-guide at "the Great Tribulation." ___________________________________________ ``` Original Word: φρήν, φρενός, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: phrén Phonetic Spelling: (frane) Definition: midriff, heart, mind, thought. ``` Usage: the mind, intellect, thought, understanding. phrḗn (a feminine noun) – properly, "the midriff (diaphragm), the parts around the heart" (J. Thayer); (figuratively) visceral (personal) opinion; what a person "really has in mind," i. e. inner outlook (mind-set, insight) that regulates outward behavior. See 5429 (phronimos). midriff, heart, mind, thought. the mind; the faculty of perceiving and judging: also in the plural; as, 1 Corinthians 14:20. Probably from an obsolete phrao (to rein in or curb; compare phrasso); the midrif (as a partition of the body), i.e. (figuratively and by implication, of sympathy) the feelings (or sensitive nature; by extension (also in the plural) the mind or cognitive faculties) -- understanding. ________________________________________ σφραγίζω • (sfragízo) (simple past σφράγισα, passive σφραγίζομαι) seal (eg on a document) close tightly stamp (eg in a passport) (dentistry) fill a tooth cavity with amalgam, etc. σφραγίζομαι • (sfragízomai) passive (simple past σφραγίστηκα, active σφραγίζω) passive form of σφραγίζω (sfragízo). σφραγίστηκα • (sfragístika) 1st person singular simple past form of σφραγίζομαι (sfragízomai). ____________________________________________ SEAL seal (plural seals) A stamp used to impress a design on a soft substance such as wax. 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 11: She [Nature] carved thee for her seal, and meant thereby Thou shouldst print more, not let that copy die. An impression of such stamp on wax, paper or other material used for sealing. A design or insignia usually associated with an organization or an official role. The front of the podium bore the presidential seal. Anything that secures or authenticates. Something which will be visibly damaged if a covering or container is opened, and which may or may not bear an official design. The result was declared invalid, as the seal on the meter had been broken. Confirmation or an indication of confirmation. Her clothes always had her mom's seal of approval. Something designed to prevent liquids or gases from leaking through a joint. The canister is leaking. I think the main seal needs to be replaced. A tight closure, secure against leakage. Close the lid tightly to get a good seal. A chakra. _______________________________________ SANSKRIT चक्र (chakra) CHAKRA From Sanskrit चक्र (cakra, “wheel, circle, point”) चक्र • (cakrá) n or m the wheel (of a carriage, of the Sun's chariot, of Time) a potter's wheel (ShBr.) a discus or sharp circular missile weapon, especially that of Vishu a circle (Puranic) an astronomical circle, the zodiac a mystical circle or diagram a cycle, cycle of years or of seasons a circle or depression of the body (for mystical or chiromantic purposes; 6 in number, one above the other), the fontenelle or union of the coronal and sagittal sutures (prosody) name of a poetic metre a troop, multitude ______________________________________________ GREEK (κῠ́κλος) κῠ́κλος • (kúklos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension ``` circle, ring Any circular object, such as a wheel A crowd of people marketplace circular movement sphere, globe ``` __________________________________________ LATIN (cyclus) cyclus m (genitive cyclī); second declension a circle a cycle, recurring period a branding implement. From Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”) _______________________________________ ENGLISH (cycle) From Late Latin cyclus, from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Doublet of wheel; see there for more. ———————————————— From Proto-Italic *skreiβō (with scrīptus for *scriptus after scrīpsī), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek σκάριφος (skáriphos).

Answer 144

GOD - SIGHT From θέᾱ (“sight”) + ὁράω (“I see”). Although with partial signification from... θεός (“god”). θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension view, sight. _____________________________________________ θεωρέω • (theōréō) I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize. __________________________________________ θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension spectator envoy sent to consult an oracle. __________________________________________ θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review __________________________________________ θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment From the root of θεάομαι (theáomai, “to wonder at, gaze at”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). __________________________________________ θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) ``` (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired ``` θαυμάζω • (thavmázo) (simple past θαύμασα, passive θαυμάζομαι) admire, feel admiration for look up to, look at with wonder be impressed by. -ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs. Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form. ‎ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + ‎-άζω (-ázō) → ‎ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”) __________________________________________ θαυμασμός • (thavmasmós) m (plural θαυμασμοί) admiration, adoration, appreciation. θαυμᾰσμός • (thaumasmós) m (genitive θαυμᾰσμοῦ); second declension a wondering. From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “I wonder”). -ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs. Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form. ‎ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + ‎-άζω (-ázō) → ‎ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”) ___________________________________________ θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension Wonderful, marvellous 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.0 Admirable From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) +‎ -τος (-tos, adjective suffix). Adjective Edit θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό) admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid (archaic) brave (splendid) θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― thavmastós kainoúrios kósmos ― brave new world. __________________________________________ θεός • (theós) divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος (theṓteros)) θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess. From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s. Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʿ, “pagan gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”). Despite its superficial similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to Latin deus; the two come from different roots. A true cognate is Ζεύς (Zeús). __________________________________________ ὁράω • (horáō) (intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone] (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind (copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb] Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold δεινὸς ἰδεῖν deinòs ideîn horrible to look at (transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something] (transitive) To find out [+indirect question] ὅρᾱ εἰ ... hórā ei ... see if/whether ... (transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that ...] (intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; horâis? horâte? Do you see? (transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone] From earlier *ϝοράω (*woráō), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”), ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”), Latin vereor (“fear”), English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”). Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)). Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)). ____________________________________________ ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (poetic) voice Homer, Iliad 16.76 (poetic) word Homer, Iliad 7.53 From Proto-Hellenic *wókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs. Related to ἔπος (épos) and εἰπεῖν (eipeîn). Cognates include Latin vōx, Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c), and Tocharian A wak. _______________________________________ From earlier ϝέπος (wépos), from Proto-Hellenic *wékʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wékʷos, from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Sanskrit वचस् (vácas) and Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬵‎ (vacah-). ἔπος • (épos) n (genitive ἔπεος or ἔπους); third declension ``` something spoken: speech, story, song one's word, promise word as opposed to deed subject a line of poetry (when discussing etymology or usage) an individual word (in the plural) epic poetry (the phrase, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, qualifying a hyperbolic statement) so to speak, roughly speaking, almost (the phrase, κατ’ ἔπος) word by word ``` εἰπεῖν • (eipeîn) aorist active infinitive of εἶπον (eîpon)

Answer 145

I HAD KNOWN ᾔδειν knew V-LIA-1S ἴδε is equivalent to "by seeing learn" ``` From οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. to perceive (with the eyes) ``` εἰδῶ, ἴδω, Latinvideo (Sanskritvid, perfectveda know,vind-a-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282), an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know. used by those to whom something is presented in vision, as the author of the Apocalypse relates that he saw this or that: universally, to perceive, notice, discern, discover. to see, i. e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything. Perception as denoted by ἰδέαν when conceived of as completed, permits the sensuous element to be forgotten and abides merely as an activity of the soul; for οἶδα, εἰδέναι, signifies not to have seen, but to know. to know, i. e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive. A primary verb; used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent optanomai and horao; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know -- be aware, behold, X can (+ not tell), consider, (have) know(-ledge), look (on), perceive, see, be sure, tell, understand, wish, wot. Compare optanomai.

Answer 146

LET MYSELF BE SEEN AND KNOWN ``` Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). ``` become seen (appear) to allow oneself to be seen, to appear. A (middle voice) prolonged form of the primary (middle voice) optomai (op'-tom-ahee); which is used for it in certain tenses; and both as alternate of horao; to gaze (i.e. With wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from blepo, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from eido, which expresses merely mechanical, passive or casual vision; while theaomai, and still more emphatically its intensive theoreo, signifies an earnest but more continued inspection; and skopeo a watching from a distance) -- appear, look, see, shew self. see GREEK horao see GREEK blepo see GREEK eido see GREEK theaomai see GREEK theoreo see GREEK skopeo

Answer 147

TO SEE - PERCEIVE ``` Original Word: ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception). ``` [The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, "see." The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, "see."] to see with the mind, to perceive, know: Christ is said to deliver to men ἅ ἑώρακεν, the things which he has seen, i. e. which he learned in his heavenly state with God before the incarnation, i. e. things divine, the counsels of God, John 3:11, 32; ἑωρακέναι Θεόν, to know God's will, 3 John 1:11; from the contact and influence of Christ to have come to see (know) God's majesty, saving purposes, and will. John 14:7, 9; in an emphatic sense, of Christ, who has an immediate and perfect knowledge of God without being taught by another, John 1:18; John 6:46; ὄψεσθαί Θεόν καθώς ἐστιν, of the knowledge of God that may be looked for in his future kingdom. Christ, is used in reference to the apostles, about to perceive his invisible presence among them by his influence upon their souls through the Holy Spirit, John 16:16, 19; Christ is said ὄψεσθαί the apostles, i. e. will have knowledge of them. to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience: ζωήν, equivalent to to become a partaker of. equivalent to to care for, pay heed to: σύ ὄψῃ see thou to it, that will be thy concern. When the physical side recedes, ὁρᾶν denotes perception in general (as resulting principally from vision), the prominence in the word of the mental element being indicated by the construction of the accusative with an infinitive (in contrast with that of the participle required with βλέπειν), and by the absolute ὁρᾷς; βλέπειν on the other hand, when its physical side recedes, gets a purely outward sense, look (i. e. open, incline) toward. Properly, to stare at (compare optanomai), i.e. (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension, to attend to; by Hebraism, to experience; passively, to appear -- behold, perceive, see, take heed.

Answer 148

TO LOOK AT - TO OBSERVE ``` βλέπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: blepó Phonetic Spelling: (blep'-o) Definition: to look (at) Usage: (primarily physical), I look, see, perceive, discern. HELPS Word-studies 991 blépō – properly, to see, be observant (watchful). 991 (blépō) suggests "to see something physical, with spiritual results (perception)." That is, it carries what is seen into the non-physical (immaterial) realm so a person can take the needed action (respond, beware, be alert). ``` beware (5), careful (1), careful* (1), consider (1), facing (1), guard (1), keep on seeing (2), look (7), looking (5), looks (1), partial* (2), saw (12), see (54), seeing (8), seen (8), sees (8), sight (2), take care (5), take heed (5), watch (1). To see, discern, With the bodily eye. to perceive by the use of the eyes, to see, look, descry. to turn the eyes to anything, to look at, look upon, gaze at. metaphorically, to see with the mind's eye. to have (the power of) understanding. to discern mentally, observe, perceive, discover, understand. to turn the thoughts or direct the mind to a thing, to consider, contemplate, look to. To carefully weigh, examine, contemplate. A primary verb; to look at (literally or figuratively) -- behold, beware, lie, look (on, to), perceive, regard, see, sight, take heed.

Answer 149

THE EXTERNAL FORM OF APPEARANCE that which strikes the eye, which is exposed to view. the external oppearance, form, figure, shape. Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidos Phonetic Spelling: (i'-dos) Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class. HELPS Word-studies 1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, "to see, apprehend") – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes "what is physically seen" (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida). Example: 1491 /eídos ("visible appearance") refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: "And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove"; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: "And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming"; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: "You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form." From eido; a view, i.e. Form (literally or figuratively) -- appearance, fashion, shape, sight.

Answer 150

I SEE WHAT YOU MEAN ``` οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. HELPS Word-studies 1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying." ``` 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension). εἰδῶ, ἴδω, Latinvideo (Sanskritvid, perfectveda know,vind-a-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282), an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know. ______________________________ 3 person singular ἰδεν 2 person plural ἴδετε subjunctive ἴδω 3 person plural ἴδον imperative ἴδε infinitive ἰδεῖν participle ἰδών 1 person plural εἴδαμεν 3 person plural εἶδαν

Answer 151

TO BE SEEN BY MYSELF - SELF AWARENESS ``` Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō). ``` [Some forms of Strong's numbering systems designate optomai as 3708.] ὀπτάνω (ὈΠΤΩ): to look at, behold; middle present participle ὀπτανόμενος; to allow oneself to be seen, to appear: τίνι, Acts 1:3. (1 Kings 8:8; Tobit 12:19; (Graecus Venetus, Exodus 34:24).) A (middle voice) prolonged form of the primary (middle voice) optomai (op'-tom-ahee); which is used for it in certain tenses; and both as alternate of horao; to gaze (i.e. With wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from blepo, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from eido, which expresses merely mechanical, passive or casual vision; while theaomai, and still more emphatically its intensive theoreo, signifies an earnest but more continued inspection; and skopeo a watching from a distance) -- appear, look, see, shew self.

Answer 152

TO LOOK AT - TO AIM TO SET EYES ON TARGET ``` Original Word: σκοπέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: skopeó Phonetic Spelling: (skop-eh'-o) Definition: to look at, contemplate Usage: I look at, regard attentively, take heed, beware, consider. ``` keep your eye on (1), look (2), looking (1), observe (1), watch (1). σκοπέω, σκόπω; (σκοπός, which see); from Homer down; to look at, observe, contemplate. to mark: absolutely, followed by μή with the indicative (see μή, III. 2), Luke 11:35; τινα, to fix one's eyes upon, direct one's attention to, anyone. the subjunctive to look to, take heed to thyself. to scrutinize, observe. When the physical sense recedes, equivalent to to fix one's (mind's) eye on, direct one's attention to, a thing in order to get it, or owing to interest in it, or a duty toward it. Hence, often equivalent to aim at, care for.

Answer 153

TO TAKE AIM Original Word: σκοπός, οῦ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: skopos Phonetic Spelling: (skop-os') Definition: a watchman, a mark (on which to fix the eye) Usage: a watcher; a goal, a mark aimed at. HELPS Word-studies 4649 skopós (the root of the English term, "scope," like the zoom-scope on a rifle to hit the target) – properly, the "end-marker" of a foot-race; (figuratively) the final objective (destination) in the faith-life, i.e. the unique glorification the Lord awards to each believer at His return (cf. Phil 3:11,14). 4649 /skopós ("end-marker") is only used in Phil 3:14. [4649 (skopós) represents the "end-marker" ("goal") in the race of faith (so TDNT/Kittel.] from skeptomai (to look carefully, consider) 1. an observer, a watchman. 2. the distant mark looked at, the goal or end one has in view: κατά σκοπόν (on this phrase see κατά, II. 1 c.), Philippians 3:14. From skeptomai (to peer about ("skeptic"); perhaps akin to skapto through the idea of concealment; compare skepasma); a watch (sentry or scout), i.e. (by implication) a goal -- mark. ``` Original Word: σκάπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: skaptó Phonetic Spelling: (skap'-to) Definition: to dig Usage: I dig, excavate. ```

Answer 154

CLOTHING - COVERING ``` Original Word: σκέπασμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: skepasma Phonetic Spelling: (skep'-as-mah) Definition: a covering Usage: clothing, a covering, raiment. ``` from skepazó (to cover) σκεπάζω to cover), a covering, specifically, clothing From a derivative of skepas (a covering; perhaps akin to the base of skopos through the idea of noticeableness); clothing -- raiment.

Answer 155

TO CONCENTRATE ON THE MEANING ``` Original Word: θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of. HELPS Word-studies 2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, "to gaze, contemplate") – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating). ``` [2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term "theatre," i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance).] from theóros (an envoy, spectator) to he a spectator, look at, behold, German schauen (the θεωροι were men who attended the games or the sacrifices as public deputies. θεωρεῖν is used primarily not of an indifferent spectator, but of one who looks at a thing with interest and for a purpose; θεωρεῖν would be used of a general officially reviewing or inspecting an army, θέασθαι of a lay spectator looking at the parade. θεωρεῖν as denoting the careful observation of details can even be contrasted with ὁρᾶν in so far as the latter denotes only perception in the general; so used θεωρεῖν quite coincides with σκοπεῖν.

Answer 156

TO INTERNALLY THINK ABOUT THE MORAL OF THE STORY. ``` Original Word: θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit. HELPS Word-studies 2300 theáomai (from tháomai, "to gaze at a spectacle") – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer. ``` [2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron ("spectacle in a theatre"), the root of the English term, "theatre."] to behold, look upon, view attentively, contemplate.

Answer 157

WILL - DIVINE WILL - MAKE IT SO A nod of the head to indicate the Gods will is to be done by the servant. Numen, pl. numina, is a Latin term for "divinity", or a "divine presence", "divine will." The Latin authors defined it as follows. Cicero writes of a "divine mind" (divina mens), a god "whose numen everything obeys," and a "divine power" (vim divinam) "which pervades the lives of men." Nūmen causes the motions and cries of birds during augury. In Virgil's recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the Odyssey, in his Aeneid, he has Odysseus and his men first "ask for the assistance of the great numina" (magna precati numina).[3] Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought "no honor was left to the gods" when he "established the cult of himself" (se ... coli vellet) "with temples and the effigies of numina" (effigie numinum).[4] Pliny the younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the "power," the "dignity," and "the majesty;" in short, the "numen of history."[5] Lucretius uses the expression numen mentis,[6] or "bidding of the mind,"[7] where "bidding" is numen, not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine, but as simply human will.[1] Since the early 20th century, numen has sometimes been treated in the history of religion as a pre-animistic phase; that is, a belief system inherited from an earlier time. Numen is also used by sociologists to refer to the idea of magical power residing in an object, particularly when writing about ideas in the western tradition. When used in this sense, numen is nearly synonymous with mana. However, some authors reserve use of mana for ideas about magic from Polynesia and southeast Asia. Nūmen - Etymologically, the word means "a nod of the head", here referring to a deity as it were "nodding", or making its will or its presence known). According to H. J. Rose: The literal meaning is simply "a nod", or more accurately, for it is a passive formation, "that which is produced by nodding", just as flamen is "that which is produced by blowing", i.e., a gust of wind. It came to mean "the product or expression of power" — not, be it noted, power itself. Thus, numen (divinity) is not personified (although it can be a personal attribute) and should be distinguished from deus (god). Numen was also used in the imperial cult of ancient Rome, to refer to the guardian-spirit, 'godhead' or divine power of a living emperor—in other words, a means of worshiping a living emperor without literally calling him a god.[9] The cult of Augustus was promoted by Tiberius, who dedicated the Ara Numinis Augusti.[10] In this context, a distinction can be made between the terms numen and genius.[11]

Answer 158

Potentiality and potency are translations of the Ancient Greek word dunamis (δύναμις) as it is used by Aristotle as a concept contrasting with actuality. Its Latin translation is "potentia", root of the English word potential, and used by some scholars instead of the Greek or English variants. ``` δῠ́νᾰμῐς • (dúnamis) f (genitive δῠνᾰ́μεως); third declension power, might, strength ability, skill power, authority, influence force of war manifestation of divine power: miracle faculty, capacity worth, value The force of a word: meaning (mathematics) square root (mathematics) power ``` δῠνᾰμῐκός (dunamikós) δῠνᾰ́στης (dunástēs, “ruler, petty ruler”) Descendants Greek: δύναμη f (dýnami, “power”) Katharevousa: δύναμις f (dýnamis, “power”) From δῠ́νᾰμαι (dúnamai, “I am able”). δῠ́νᾰμαι • (dúnamai) (with infinitive) to be able, capable, strong enough to do. ``` From Proto-Indo-European - *dewh₂- *dewh₂- to fit. Suitable, proper. Adapted to a purpose or environment. In good shape; physically well. Prepared; ready. ``` ______________________________________________ "Natures which persist" are said by him to be one of the causes of all things, while natures that do not persist, "might often be slandered as not being at all by one who fixes his thinking sternly upon it as upon a criminal". The potencies which persist in a particular material are one way of describing "the nature itself" of that material, an innate source of motion and rest within that material. In terms of Aristotle's theory of four causes, a material's non-accidental potential, is the material cause of the things that can come to be from that material, and one part of how we can understand the substance (ousia, sometimes translated as "thinghood") of any separate thing. ___________________________________________ Actuality is often used to translate both energeia (ενέργεια) and entelecheia (ἐντελέχεια) (sometimes rendered in English as "entelechy"). "Actuality" comes from Latin actualitas and is a traditional translation, but its normal meaning in Latin is "anything which is currently happening". The two words energeia and entelecheia were coined by Aristotle, and he stated that their meanings were intended to converge.[10] In practice, most commentators and translators consider the two words to be interchangeable.[11][12] They both refer to something being in its own type of action or at work, as all things are when they are real in the fullest sense, and not just potentially real. For example, "to be a rock is to strain to be at the center of the universe, and thus to be in motion unless constrained otherwise". __________________________________________ ενέργεια From Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (“action, act, work”) ενέργεια • (enérgeia) f (plural ενέργειες) (physics) energy action ενεργειακός (energeiakós, “energy”) ενεργοβόρος (energovóros, “energy greedy”) ενεργώ (energó, “to act, to work”) ενεργητικός (energitikós, “working, energetic”) ενεργός (energós, “active”) ἐνέργειᾰ • (enérgeia) f (genitive ἐνεργείᾱς); first declension ``` activity, operation, vigour workmanship supernatural action, cosmic force the active principle in Aristotelian ontology (Latin actus) actuality (Aristotelian philosophy) ``` __________________________________________ ἐντελέχεια Coined by Aristotle from ἐντελής (entelḗs, “complete, full, accomplished”) + ἔχειν (ékhein, “have, hold”). Aristotle invents the word by combining entelēs (ἐντελής, "complete, full-grown") with echein (= hexis, to be a certain way by the continuing effort of holding on in that condition), while at the same time punning on endelecheia (ἐνδελέχεια, "persistence") by inserting "telos" (τέλος, "completion"). This is a three-ring circus of a word, at the heart of everything in Aristotle's thinking, including the definition of motion. ``` From Late Latin entelechia, from Ancient Greek ἐντελέχεια coined by Aristotle from... ἐντελής (“complete, finished, perfect”) from τέλος (“end, fruition, accomplishment”) + ἔχω (“to have”). ``` (Aristotelian metaphysics) The complete realisation and final form of some potential concept or function; the conditions under which a potential thing becomes actualized.

Answer 159

Why? The "four causes" are elements of an influential principle in Aristotelian thought whereby explanations of change or movement are classified into four fundamental types of answer to the question "why?" Aristotle wrote that "we do not have knowledge of a thing until we have grasped its why, that is to say, its cause." While there are cases where identifying a "cause" is difficult, or in which "causes" might merge, Aristotle held that his four "causes" provided an analytical scheme of general applicability. _____________________________________________ Matter: a change or movement's material cause, is the aspect of the change or movement which is determined by the material that composes the moving or changing things. For a table, that might be wood; for a statue, that might be bronze or marble. Form: a change or movement's formal cause, is a change or movement caused by the arrangement, shape or appearance of the thing changing or moving. Aristotle says for example that the ratio 2:1, and number in general, is the cause of the octave. Agent: a change or movement's efficient or moving cause, consists of things apart from the thing being changed or moved, which interact so as to be an agency of the change or movement. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter, or a person working as one, and according to Aristotle the efficient cause of a boy is a father. End or purpose: a change or movement's final cause, is that for the sake of which a thing is what it is. For a seed, it might be an adult plant. For a sailboat, it might be sailing. For a ball at the top of a ramp, it might be coming to rest at the bottom. _____________________________________________ RESPONSIBILITY - CAUSE - BLAME αἴτιον Who did it? / What did it? In his philosophical writings, Aristotle used the Greek word αἴτιον, aition, a neuter singular form of an adjective. The Greek word had meant, perhaps originally in a "legal" context, what or who is "responsible", mostly but not always in a bad sense of "guilt" or "blame"; alternatively it could mean "to the credit of" someone or something. αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension causing, being the author of, responsible for to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable (substantive) defendant, accused, culprit. From *αἶτος (“share”) +‎ -ιος from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s from *h₂ey- (“to give”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀‎ (aēta). αἰτέω to ask for, crave, demand, beg. (logic, transitive) to postulate, assume. (middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one's own use or purpose, to claim.

Answer 160

EXERTION - EFFORT - STRAIN - SLAVE - WORK ``` What does προσπάθεια (prospátheia) mean in Greek? Effort Exertion Strain Exert effort Striving ``` προσπάθεια Attempt, exertion, try. attempt (the action of trying at something) Synonyms απόπειρα • (apópeira) f (plural απόπειρες) attempt (the action of trying at something) Κάθε ανταγωνιστής επιτρέπεται τρεις απόπειρες. Each competitor is allowed three attempts. _____________________________________ εργασία Job, work, employment, task. work, labor, job, employment, business, operation. έργο Work, task, opus, doing, deed. εργάζομαι • (ergázomai) deponent (simple past εργάστηκα) work Εργάστηκε στην τηλεόραση. ― He worked in television. εργαζόμενος (“employed”, participle) εργαζόμενος • (ergazómenos) m (plural εργαζόμενοι, feminine εργαζόμενη) employed person, worker. εργασία f (“work, job”) εργασία • (ergasía) f (plural εργασίες) job, profession, work task. εργάτης m (“worker”) male worker, labourer, hand, servant. εργάτρια f (“worker”) female worker, labourer, hand, servant. αγρεργάτρια f (“farm labourer”) (agriculture) farmhand, agricultural worker. ``` έργο • (érgo) n (plural έργα) work, project film, stage play, etc scientific research project art work, painting, etc building project, etc (physics) work (measured in joules) (chemistry, physics) thermodynamic work. ``` ἔργον • (érgon) n (genitive ἔργου); second declension deed, doing, action labour, work, task. From Proto-Hellenic *wérgon, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Cognates include Old English weorc (English work), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬆𐬨‎ (varəzəm), and Old Armenian գործ (gorc). ``` ἐνεργέω • (energéō) to be in action or activity, to operate. From ἐνεργής (“active, effective”) +‎ -έω (denominative verbal suffix). (transitive) to effect, execute. ``` ______________________________________ δουλειά slavery, work, job, business, servitude, serfdom. δουλειά • (douleiá) f (plural δουλειές) employment, work, job task, job. δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (feminine δούλη, neuter δοῦλον); first/second declension (Attic, Ionic) slavish, servile, subject. δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (genitive δούλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) born slave or bondman. ``` δουλόω δοῦλος (“slave”) +‎ -όω To enslave. -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ``` δούλος Male slave. ``` δούλα • (doúla) f plural δούλες masculine δούλος slave (female) (obsolete) maidservant ``` δούλη • (doúli) f plural δούλες masculine δούλος slave (female) ``` Mycenaean Greek 𐀈𐀁𐀫 (do-e-ro) m male slave. 𐀈𐀁𐀨 (do-e-ra) f female slave. ``` ``` αγγαρεία • (angareía) f (plural αγγαρείες) chore, task (military) fatigues (US), jankers (UK) drudgery forced labour. ``` αγγαρεύω (“to enslave, to impose drudgery”) αγγαρεύω • (angarévo) (simple past αγγάρεψα, passive αγγαρεύομαι) compel do work (especially unpaid work), enslave, requisition for work (military) assign fatigues duty. αγγάρεμα n (“the imposition of drudgery”) see: αγγαρεύω (“to enslave, to impose drudgery”) drudge (plural drudges) A person who works in a low servile job. (derogatory) Someone who works for (and may be taken advantage of by) someone else. to labour in (or as in) a low servile job. From Middle English druggen, which is possibly related to Old English drēogan. ``` Old English - þurhdrēogan drēogan to do, perform (a service, duty etc.) to bear, suffer, undergo, endure. þurhdrēogan - IPA(key): /θurxˈdreːoɣɑn/ to carry through, perform, pass time. Equivalent to þurh- +‎ drēogan Old English þurh, þuruh (“through”). drēogan to do, perform (a service, duty etc.) to bear, suffer, undergo, endure. ``` ______________________________ SANSKRIT ``` दास • (dā́sa) m (Ṛgvedic dáasa) demon barbarian, infidel slave Shudra ``` दास • (dās) m slave, servant. Synonyms (slave): ग़ुलाम (ġulām) related to Sanskrit दस्यु (dasyu, “bandit, brigand”) and Sanskrit दास (dāsa) which originally meant 'demon' and later also 'slave' or 'fiend'. ______________________________________ Canaanite *dōʾēlu ‘servant, attendant’ Late Babylonian 𒁕𒀝𒂵𒇻 (daggālu, “subject, one who waits on another, does their bidding”) ______________________________________ TOIL μόχθος μόχθος • (mókhthos) m (genitive μόχθου); second declension toil, trouble, hardship, distress, exertion. Synonym: κόπος (kópos) From Ancient Greek κόπος (“striking; fatigue”). See κόπτω (“cut”) ``` κόπος • (kópos) m (plural κόποι) toil, hard work suffering fatigue pay, wages (for such work) ``` κόπτω • (kóptō) (transitive) strike; cut; shake. From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kop- ("to strike, to beat”) Confer Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti, “castrate”), Lithuanian kaplys (“hatchet”), Old High German happa (“scythe”), English hatchet. _____________________________________________ ``` From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą. to mislead, to deceive. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be deceptive; damage”). *dʰrewgʰ- to deceive, to mislead. An extension of *dʰrew- (“to mislead”). ```

Answer 161

αποφασίζω • (apofasízo) (simple past αποφάσισα, passive αποφασίζομαι) decide, resolve, reach a verdict. ________________________________________ αποφασίζομαι • (apofasízomai) passive (simple past αποφασίστηκα, active αποφασίζω) passive form of αποφασίζω (apofasízo). αποφασίστηκα • (apofasístika) 1st person singular simple past form of αποφασίζομαι (apofasízomai). αποφάσισα • (apofásisa) 1st person singular simple past form of αποφασίζω (apofasízo).: "I decided"

Answer 162

IGNORANT ἀγνοεῖν to be ignoring V-PNA ἀγνοεῖν V-PNA To be unaware. To be uniformed, uneducated. ἀγνοέω To not think, to not apply mental effort, not study. To be ignorant; not to understand. Sin through ignorance. ἠγνόουν V-IIA-3P The understood not. They didn't comprehend him. ``` ἀγνοῶν ἀγνοεῖτε ἀγνοοῦντες ἀγνοεῖται ἀγνοήσαντες ἀγνοεῖ ἀγνοοῦμεν ἀγνοούμενοι ἀγνοούμενος ἀγνοοῦσιν ``` ``` ἀγνοήσαντες V-APA-NMP To not recognize. To rebuke, deny, refuse to acknowledge him. To refuse to get to know him through study. To refuse acquaintance with him. To ignore him. Refuse to know about him. Refuse to study him. To prejudge as unworthy before knowing. ``` ``` Original Word: ἀγνοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: agnoeó Phonetic Spelling: (ag-no-eh'-o) Definition: to be ignorant, not to know Usage: I do not know, am ignorant of (a person, thing, or fact), sometimes with the idea of willful ignorance. ``` To be ignorant, not to know. From alpha (as a neg. prefix) and the same as ginóskó. Not to understand. To err, sin through mistake, spoken mildly of those who are not high-handed or willful transgressors. From a (as a negative particle) and noieo; not to know (through lack of information or intelligence); by implication, to ignore (through disinclination) -- (be) ignorant(-ly), not know, not understand, unknown. _______________________________________ From - a (not, negative prefix) From - noieo (know) _______________________________________ From νο (Mind) + έω (verb suffix) ``` νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize. ``` From 3563 /noús, "mind") – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach "bottom-line" conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning. To perceive with the mind, to understand. To have understanding. To think upon, heed, ponder, consider. From nous; to exercise the mind (observe), i.e. (figuratively) to comprehend, heed -- consider, perceive, think, understand. ________________________________________ ``` νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. ``` noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith. _________________________________________ Ro 12:2,3: "2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)" (NASU). _____________________________________________ WILL θέλημα From... θέλω - (will, design) + μα - (thing designed) ``` Original Word: θέλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theló Phonetic Spelling: ( eth-el'-o,) Definition: to will, wish Usage: I will, wish, desire, am willing, intend, design. ``` Commands, precepts. ( DO - DO NOT ) Cognate: 2309 thélō (a primitive verb, NAS dictionary) – to desire (wish, will), wanting what is best (optimal) because someone is ready and willing to act. 2309 /thélō ("to desire, wish") is commonly used of the Lord extending His "best-offer" to the believer – wanting (desiring) to birth His persuasion (faith) in them which also empowers, manifests His presence etc. See 2307 (thelēma). [Note the close connection between faith (4102 /pístis, "God's inbirthed persuasion") and this root (thel-, 2307 /thélēma); cf. 2 Cor 8:5-7 and Heb 10:36-39).] ``` Original Word: θέλημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: theléma Phonetic Spelling: (thel'-ay-mah) Definition: will Usage: an act of will, will; plur: wishes, desires. ``` 2307 thélēma (from 2309 /thélō, "to desire, wish") – properly, a desire (wish), often referring to God's "preferred-will," i.e. His "best-offer" to people which can be accepted or rejected. [Note the -ma suffix, focusing on the result hoped for with the particular desire (wish). 2307 (thélēma) is nearly always used of God, referring to His preferred-will. Occasionally it is used of man (cf. Lk 23:25; Jn 1:13.] will, i. e., a. what one wishes or has determined shall be done (i. e. objectively, thing willed. θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ is used — of the purpose of God to bless mankind through Christ. τό θέλειν (i. e. the abstract act of willing, the subjective) will, choice. ___________________________________________ 2 Peter 2:12 But these people, like irrational animals, born creatures of instinct to be captured and destroyed, are ἀγνοοῦσιν (pres act ind 3 pl) ignorant of those whom they slander, and in their destruction will themselves also be destroyed. Hebrews 5:2 He is able to deal compassionately with the ignorant ἀγνοοῦσιν (pres act ptcp dat pl masc) and going astray, since he too is subject to weakness. 1 Timothy 1:13 even though formerly I was a blasphemer, persecutor, and an insolent person. But I was shown mercy since, being ignorant ἀγνοῶν (pres act ptcp nom sg masc), I had acted in unbelief. 1 Thessalonians 4:13 Now we do not want you to be uninformed ἀγνοεῖν (pres act inf ), brothers, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as others do who have no hope. Galatians 1:22 But I was still personally unknown ἀγνοούμενος (pres pass ptcp nom sg masc) to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. 2 Corinthians 6:9 as unknown ἀγνοούμενοι (pres pass ptcp nom pl masc), and yet well-known; as dying, and yet — look! — we continue to live; as scourged, and yet not killed. 2 Corinthians 2:11 lest we be taken advantage of by Satan; for we ἀγνοοῦμεν (pres act ind 1 pl) are (ἀγνοοῦμεν | pres act ind 1 pl) not unaware (ἀγνοοῦμεν | pres act ind 1 pl) of (ἀγνοοῦμεν | pres act ind 1 pl) his intentions. 2 Corinthians 1:8 For we want you to know ἀγνοεῖν (pres act inf ), brothers, about the affliction we suffered in Asia, that we were burdened excessively beyond our power to cope, so that we despaired even of living. 1 Corinthians 14:38 If anyone fails to acknowledge (ἀγνοεῖ (pres act ind 3 sg) this, he will not be acknowledged (ἀγνοεῖται (pres mid ind 3 sg). 1 Corinthians 12:1 Now concerning spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be uninformed (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ). 1 Corinthians 10:1 For I do not want you to be unaware (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ), brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea. Romans 11:25 I do not want you to be uninformed (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ), my brothers, of this mystery — so that you may not be wise in your own conceits — that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the full number of the Gentiles has come in. ``` Romans 10:3 For ignoring (ἀγνοοῦντες (pres act ptcp nom pl masc) the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness. ``` Romans 7:1 Or do you not know (ἀγνοεῖτε (pres act ind 2 pl), brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is binding on a person only so long as he lives? Romans 2:4 Or do you hold in contempt the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, not (ἀγνοῶν (pres act ptcp nom sg masc) knowing that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance? Romans 1:13 I want you to know (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ), brethren, that I often intended to come to you (but have been prevented until now) so that I might have some fruit among you, just as among the rest of the Gentiles. Acts 17:23 For as I went around and observed your objects of worship, I found also an altar on which was inscribed, ‘To an unknown god.’ So what you worship without (ἀγνοοῦντες (pres act ptcp nom pl masc) knowing, this I proclaim to you. Acts 13:27 For those who live in Jerusalem and their rulers, because they did not recognize (ἀγνοήσαντες (aor act ptcp nom pl masc) him nor understand the utterances of the prophets, which are read every Sabbath, fulfilled them by condemning him. Luke 9:45 But they did not understand (ἠγνόουν (imperf act ind 3 pl) this saying. It was concealed from them, so that they might not understand it; and they were afraid to ask him about this saying.

Answer 163

666 = Talent (30.2 kg = 66.6 lb). Talent (measurement) τάλαντον from Ancient Greek: τάλαντον. Talanton "scale, balance, sum") An Attic weight talent was approximately 26.0 kg [3] (approximately the mass of water required to fill an average amphora[citation needed]), and a Babylonian talent was 30.2 kg. Ancient Israel adopted the Babylonian weight talent, but later revised it.[5] The heavy common talent, used in New Testament times, was 58.9 kilograms (130 lb). A Roman weight talent in ancient times is equivalent to 100 libra; a libra is exactly three quarters of an Attic weight mina, so a Roman talent is 1.33 Attic talents and hence approximately 32.3 kilograms (71 lb). An Egyptian talent was 80 librae.[3] and hence approximately 27 kilograms (60 lb). An Attic talent was the equivalent of 60 minae or 6,000 drachmae.[6] An Attic weight talent was about 25.8 kilograms (57 lb). Friedrich Hultsch estimated a weight of 26.2 kg,[7], and Dewald (1998) offers an estimate of 26.0 kg.[8] An Attic talent of silver was the value of nine man-years of skilled work.[9] In 415 BC, an Attic talent was a month's pay for a trireme crew,[10] Hellenistic mercenaries were commonly paid one drachma per day of military service.[citation needed] The Aeginetan talent weighed about 37 kg. The German historian Friedrich Hultsch calculated a range of 36.15 to 37.2kg based on such estimates as the weight of one full Aeginetan metretes of coins, and concluded that the Aeginetan talent represented the water weight of a Babylonian ephah: 36.29 kg by his reckoning (the metretes and the ephah were units of volume).[11] Percy Gardner estimated a weight of 37.32 kg, based on extant weights and coins.[12] An Aeginetan talent was worth 60 Aeginetan minae, or 6,000 Aeginetan drachmae[dubious – discuss].[citation needed] A metretes was an ancient Greek unit of liquid measurement, equivalent to 37.4 liters. ___________________________________________ The talent as a unit of weight was introduced in Mesopotamia at the end of the 4th Millennium BC, and was normalized at the end of the 3rd Millennium during the Akkadian-Sumer phase. It was divided into 60 minas, each of which was subdivided into 60 shekels. The use of 60 illustrates the attachment of the early Mesopotamians to their useful sexagesimal arithmetic. These weights were used subsequently by the Babylonians, Sumerians, and Phoenicians, and later by the Hebrews. The Babylonian weights are approximately: shekel (8.4 gm), mina (504 gm), and talent (30.2 kg = 66.6 lb). The Homeric talent "as money" was probably the gold equivalent of the value of an ox or a cow.[1] Based on a statement from a later Greek source that "the talent of Homer was equal in amount to the later Daric [... i.e.] two Attic drachmas" and analysis of finds from a Mycenaean grave-shaft, a weight of about 8.4 gm can be established for this money talent.[1] The talent of gold was known to Homer, who described how Achilles gave a half-talent of gold to Antilochus as a prize.[2]

Answer 164

The Latin word actus means determination, complement. In every being there are many actualities, which are subordinated. Thus existence supposes essence; power supposes existence; action supposes faculty. The first actuality (actus primus) begins a series; it supposes no other actuality preceding it in the same series, but calls for a further complement, namely, the second actuality (actus secundus). But as the same reality may be called "actuality" when viewed in the light of what precedes, and "potentiality" when viewed in the light of what follows (see actus et potentia), the meaning of the term "first actuality" may vary according to the view one takes, and the point where the series is made to begin. Primary matter (see matter and form) is a pure potentiality, and the substantial form is its first determination, its first actuality. The complete substance constituted by these two principles receives further determinations, which are, in that respect, second actualities. Yet these may also be conceived as first actualities. Thus the extensive quantity of a substance is a first actuality when compared to the shape. Power is a first actuality when compared to action. And this is the most frequent application of the terms actus primus and actus secundus. The former is the faculty; the latter, the exercise or function. To see in actu primo simply means to have the sense of vision; to see in actu secundo is to actually perform acts of vision. The modern distinction of potential and kinetic energy might serve as another illustration: the loaded gun, or the engine with steam buildup, represent first actualities; the bullet speeding to the mark, the engine flying over the rails, represent second actualities.

Answer 165

In scholastic philosophy, actus purus ( literally "pure actuality") is the absolute perfection of God. Created beings have potentiality that is not actuality, imperfections as well as perfection. Only God is simultaneously all that He can be, infinitely real and infinitely perfect: 'I am who I am' (Exodus 3:14). His attributes or His operations are really identical with His essence, and His essence necessitates His existence. (Contrast this understanding with the Essence–Energies distinction in Eastern Christian, particularly Palamite, theology). In created beings, the state of potentiality precedes that of actuality; before being realized, a perfection must be capable of realization. But, absolutely speaking, actuality precedes potentiality. For in order to change, a thing must be acted upon, or actualized; change and potentiality presuppose, therefore, a being which is in actu. This actuality, if mixed with potentiality, presupposes another actuality, and so on, until we reach the actus purus. According to Thomas Aquinas a thing which requires completion by another is said to be in potency to that other: realization of potency is called actuality. The universe is conceived of as a series of things arranged in an ascending order, or potency and act at once crowned and created by God, who alone is pure act. God is changeless because change means passage from potency to act, and so he is without beginning and end, since these demand change. Matter and form are necessary to the understanding of change, for change requires the union of that which becomes and that which it becomes. Matter is the first, and form the second. All physical things are composed of matter and form. The difference between a thing as form or character and the actual existence of it is denoted by the terms essence and being (or existence). It is only in God that there is no distinction between the two. Both pairs - matter & form and essence & being - are special cases of potency and act. They are also modes: modes do not add anything to the idea of being, but are ways of making explicit what is implicit in it.

Answer 166

In philosophy, potentiality and actuality[1] are a pair of closely connected principles which Aristotle used to analyze motion, causality, ethics, and physiology in his Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima, which is about the human psyche.[2] The concept of potentiality, in this context, generally refers to any "possibility" that a thing can be said to have. Aristotle did not consider all possibilities the same, and emphasized the importance of those that become real of their own accord when conditions are right and nothing stops them.[3] Actuality, in contrast to potentiality, is the motion, change or activity that represents an exercise or fulfillment of a possibility, when a possibility becomes real in the fullest sense.[4] These concepts, in modified forms, remained very important into the Middle Ages, influencing the development of medieval theology in several ways. Going further into modern times, while the understanding of nature, and according to some interpretations deity, implied by the dichotomy lost importance, the terminology has found new uses, developing indirectly from the old. This is most obvious in words like "energy" and "dynamic"--words first used in modern physics by the German scientist and philosopher, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Another example is the highly controversial biological concept of an "entelechy".

Answer 167

In philosophy, being means the existence of a thing. Anything that exists has being. Ontology is the branch of philosophy that studies being. Being is a concept encompassing objective and subjective features of reality and existence[1]. Anything that partakes in being is also called a "being", though often this usage is limited to entities that have subjectivity (as in the expression "human being"). The notion of "being" has, inevitably, been elusive and controversial in the history of philosophy, beginning in Western philosophy with attempts among the pre-Socratics to deploy it intelligibly. The first effort to recognize and define the concept came from Parmenides, who famously said of it that "what is-is". Common words such as "is", "are", and "am" refer directly or indirectly to being. The deficit of such a bridge was first encountered in history by the Pre-Socratic philosophers during the process of evolving a classification of all beings (noun). Aristotle, who wrote after the Pre-Socratics, applies the term category (perhaps not originally) to ten highest-level classes. They comprise one category of substance (ousiae) existing independently (man, tree) and nine categories of accidents, which can only exist in something else (time, place). In Aristotle, substances are to be clarified by stating their definition: a note expressing a larger class (the genus) followed by further notes expressing specific differences (differentiae) within the class. The substance so defined was a species. For example, the species, man, may be defined as an animal (genus) that is rational (difference). As the difference is potential within the genus; that is, an animal may or may not be rational, the difference is not identical to, and may be distinct from, the genus.

Answer 168

Dasein (German pronunciation: [ˈdaːzaɪn]) is a German word that means "being there" or "presence" (German: da "there"; sein "being"), and is often translated into English with the word "existence". It is a fundamental concept in the existential philosophy of Martin Heidegger, particularly in his magnum opus Being and Time. Heidegger uses the expression Dasein to refer to the experience of being that is peculiar to human beings. Thus it is a form of being that is aware of and must confront such issues as personhood, mortality and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself. In German, Dasein is the vernacular term for "existence", as in "I am pleased with my existence" (Ich bin mit meinem Dasein zufrieden). The term has been used by several philosophers before Heidegger, most notably Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, with the meaning of human "existence" or "presence". It is derived from da-sein, which literally means being-there/there-being[1]—though Heidegger was adamant that this was an inappropriate translation of Dasein.[2] Dasein for Heidegger can be a way of being involved with and caring for the immediate world in which one lives, while always remaining aware of the contingent element of that involvement, of the priority of the world to the self, and of the evolving nature of the self itself.[1] The opposite of this authentic self is everyday and inauthentic Dasein, the forfeiture of one's individual meaning, destiny and lifespan, in favour of an (escapist) immersion in the public everyday world—the anonymous, identical world of the They and the Them.[3] "This entity which each of us is himself…we shall denote by the term “Dasein”" (Heidegger, trans. 1927/1962, p.27).[4] "[Dasein is] that entity which in its Being has this very Being as an issue…" (Heidegger, trans. 1927/1962, p.68).[4] Heidegger sought to use the concept of Dasein to uncover the primal nature of "Being" (Sein), agreeing with Nietzsche and Dilthey[5] that Dasein is always a being engaged in the world: neither a subject, nor the objective world alone, but the coherence of Being-in-the-world. This ontological basis of Heidegger's work thus opposes the Cartesian "abstract agent" in favour of practical engagement with one's environment.[6] Dasein is revealed by projection into, and engagement with, a personal world[7]—a never-ending process of involvement with the world as mediated through the projects of the self.[1] Heidegger considered that language, everyday curiosity, logical systems, and common beliefs obscure Dasein's nature from itself.[8] Authentic choice means turning away from the collective world of Them, to face Dasein, one's individuality, one's own limited life-span, one's own being.[9] Heidegger thus intended the concept of Dasein to provide a stepping stone in the questioning of what it means to be—to have one's own being, one's own death, one's own truth.[10] In harmony with Nietzsche's critique of the subject, as something definable in terms of consciousness, Heidegger distinguished Dasein from everyday consciousness in order to emphasize the critical importance "Being" has for our understanding and interpretation of the world, and so on.

Answer 169

Ontology is the philosophical study of being. More broadly, it studies concepts that directly relate to being, in particular becoming, existence, reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.[1] Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology often deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences. nouns do not always name entities, but that some provide a kind of shorthand for reference to a collection either of objects or of events. In this latter view, mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person; society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and geometry refers to a collection of specific kinds of intellectual activities.[7][need quotation to verify] Between these poles of realism and nominalism stand a variety of other positions.

Answer 170

In metaphysics, nominalism is a philosophical view which denies the existence of universals and abstract objects, but affirms the existence of general or abstract terms and predicates.[1] There are at least two main versions of nominalism. One version denies the existence of universals – things that can be instantiated or exemplified by many particular things (e.g., strength, humanity). The other version specifically denies the existence of abstract objects – objects that do not exist in space and time.[2] Most nominalists have held that only physical particulars in space and time are real, and that universals exist only post res, that is, subsequent to particular things.[3] However, some versions of nominalism hold that some particulars are abstract entities (e.g., numbers), while others are concrete entities – entities that do exist in space and time (e.g., pillars, snakes, bananas). Nominalism is primarily a position on the problem of universals, which dates back at least to Plato, and is opposed to realist philosophies, such as Platonic realism, which assert that universals do exist over and above particulars. However, the name "nominalism" emerged from debates in medieval philosophy with Roscellinus. The term 'nominalism' stems from the Latin nomen, "name". For example, John Stuart Mill once wrote, that "there is nothing general except names"[citation needed]. In philosophy of law, nominalism finds its application in what is called constitutional nominalism.[4]

Answer 171

In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are.[1] Properties are qualities or relations that two or more entities have in common. The various kinds of properties, such as qualities and relations, are referred to as universals. For instance, one can imagine three cup holders on a table that have in common the quality of being circular or exemplifying circularity,[2] or two daughters that have in common being the female offsprings of Frank. There are many such properties, such as being human, red, male or female, liquid, big or small, taller than, father of, etc.[3] While philosophers agree that human beings talk and think about properties, they disagree on whether these universals exist in reality or merely in thought and speech. The problem of universals relates to a number of questions in close relation to not only metaphysics but, to logic and epistemology, all in efforts to understand how the thought of universals has a connection to those of singular properties.[4]

Answer 172

In mathematics, logic, and philosophy, a property is a characteristic of an object; a red object is said to have the property of redness. The property may be considered a form of object in its own right, able to possess other properties. A property, however, differs from individual objects in that it may be instantiated, and often in more than one thing. It differs from the logical/mathematical concept of class by not having any concept of extensionality, and from the philosophical concept of class in that a property is considered to be distinct from the objects which possess it. Understanding how different individual entities (or particulars) can in some sense have some of the same properties is the basis of the problem of universals. The terms attribute and quality have similar meanings.

Answer 173

The principle of exemplification is the concept, in metaphysics and logic (first put forward by David Malet Armstrong) that there can be no unexemplified universal. In other words, it is not possible for a shared property (or thought) to exist without example objects existing at any point in time possessing the objective to share it. If an object with a unique property does, has ever or will ever exist in the present, then the objective of sharing that property has always existed. This is a result of not being able know if a property is unique except by sharing that property, and sharing a unique property causes it to lose It's uniqueness. Consider a chair. Presumably chairs did not exist 150,000 years ago. However chairs do exist now. Knowing that chairs exist now, we know there was a possibility that being a chair was once a unique property. However we only know of the property of being a chair because of example objects, so we cannot be certain it was ever a unique property. Additionally, if all evil objects were to suddenly go out of existence, then the property of being evil would remain in existence. Simply put all evil would have been removed from the reality, but evil would remain in existence. To make the principles remain more plausible in the light of these examples, the existence of properties or universals is not tied to their actual existence, but to their existence in space-time considered as a whole.[1] Those who endorse the principle of exemplification are known as in realites (knowingly in reality) realists[citation needed] and Angels of God, 'immanent realists'.[2]

Answer 174

Moderate realism (also called immanent realism) is a position in the debate on the metaphysics of universals which holds that there is no realm in which universals exist (in opposition to Platonic realism who asserts the existence of abstract objects), nor do they really exist within particulars as universals, but rather universals really exist within particulars as particularised, and multiplied. Moderate realism is opposed to both exaggerated realism (such as the theory of Platonic forms) and nominalism. Nominalists deny the existence of universals altogether, even as particularised and multiplied within particulars. Aristotle espoused a form of moderate realism as did Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and Duns Scotus (cf. Scotist realism).[1] Moderate realism is anti-realist about abstract objects, just like conceptualism is (their difference being that conceptualism denies the mind-independence of universals, while moderate realism does not).[2] A more recent and influential version of immanent realism has been advanced by Willard Van Orman Quine, in works such as "Posits and Reality" (1955),[3] and D. M. Armstrong, in works such as his Universals: An Opinionated Introduction (1989, p. 8).

Answer 175

Abstract and concrete are classifications that denote whether the object that a term describes has physical referents. Abstract objects have no physical referents, whereas concrete objects do. They are most commonly used in philosophy and semantics. Abstract objects are sometimes called abstracta (sing. abstractum) and concrete objects are sometimes called concreta (sing. concretum). An abstract object is an object that does not exist at any particular time or place, but rather exists as a type of thing—i.e., an idea, or abstraction.[1] The term abstract object is said to have been coined by Willard Van Orman Quine.[2] The study of abstract objects is called abstract object theory. The type–token distinction identifies physical objects that are tokens of a particular type of thing.[3] The "type" of which it is a part is in itself an abstract object. The abstract-concrete distinction is often introduced and initially understood in terms of paradigmatic examples of objects of each kind:

Answer 176

An object is a technical term in modern philosophy often used in contrast to the term subject. A subject is an observer and an object is a thing observed. For modern philosophers like Descartes, consciousness is a state of cognition that includes the subject—which can never be doubted as only it can be the one who doubts—and some object(S) that may be considered as not having real or full existence or value independent of the subject who observes it. Metaphysical frameworks also differ in whether they consider objects existing independently of their properties and, if so, in what way.[citation needed] The pragmatist Charles S. Peirce defines the broad notion of an object as anything that we can think or talk about.[1] In a general sense it is any entity: the pyramids, Alpha Centauri, the number seven, a disbelief in predestination or the fear of cats. In a strict sense it refers to any definite being. A related notion is objecthood. Objecthood is the state of being an object. One approach to defining it is in terms of objects' properties and relations. Descriptions of all bodies, minds, and persons must be in terms of their properties and relations. The philosophical question of the nature of objecthood concerns how objects are related to their properties and relations. For example, it seems that the only way to describe an apple is by describing its properties and how it is related to other things. Its properties may include its redness, its size, and its composition, while its relations may include "on the table", "in the room" and "being bigger than other apples". The notion of an object must address two problems: the change problems and the problems of substances. Two leading theories about objecthood are substance theory, wherein substances (objects) are distinct from their properties, and bundle theory, wherein objects are no more than bundles of their properties.

Answer 177

MAKE VISIBLE - MAKE CLEAR ``` Original Word: φανερός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: phaneros Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-os') Definition: visible, manifest Usage: apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly. ``` from phainó Original Word: φαίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phainó Phonetic Spelling: (fah'-ee-no) Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as. to bring forth into the light, cause to shine; to show. to meet the eyes, strike the sight, become clear or manifest. to appear to the mind, seem to one's judgment or opinion. _____________________________________________ ``` Original Word: φανερόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phaneroó Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-o'-o) Definition: to make visible, make clear Usage: I make clear (visible, manifest), make known. ``` phaneróō (from 5457 /phṓs, "light") – properly, illumine, make manifest (visible); (figuratively) make plain, in open view; to become apparent ("graspable"). 1 Jn 3:2: "Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that if (Gk ean) He becomes manifest (5319 /phaneróō), we will be like Him, because (hoti) we will see Him just as (Gk kathōs) He is." φανερωθήσομαι; (φανερός); to make manifest or visible or known what has been hidden or unknown, to manifest, whether by words, or deeds, or in any other way. __________________________________________ ``` φανερωθῇ (phanerōthē) — 10 Occurrences Mark 4:22 V-ASP-3S GRK: μὴ ἵνα φανερωθῇ οὐδὲ ἐγένετο NAS: except to be revealed; nor KJV: not be manifested; neither INT: not that it should be made mainfest nor has taken place ``` John 1:31 V-ASP-3S GRK: ἀλλ' ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ NAS: Him, but so that He might be manifested to Israel, KJV: that he should be made manifest to Israel, INT: but that he might appear to Israel. __________________________________________ ``` Original Word: φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ. ```

Answer 178

KNEW ᾔδειν knew V-LIA-1S ``` οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. ``` 1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") eídō then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension). ____________________________________________ Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidos Phonetic Spelling: (i'-dos) Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class. the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape. emphasizes "what is physically seen" before mentally or spiritually apprehended. ("visible appearance") refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God. Jn 5:37: "You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form." the external oppearance, form, figure, shape. διά εἴδους, as encompassed with the visible appearance (of eternal things) _____________________________________ ``` εἴδους (eidous) — 2 Occurrences 2 Corinthians 5:7 N-GNS GRK: οὐ διὰ εἴδους NAS: for we walk by faith, not by sight-- KJV: not by sight:) INT: not by sight ``` ``` 1 Thessalonians 5:22 N-GNS GRK: ἀπὸ παντὸς εἴδους πονηροῦ ἀπέχεσθε NAS: abstain from every form of evil. KJV: from all appearance of evil. INT: from every form of evil abstain. ``` ________________________________________ ``` εἴδει (eidei) — 1 Occurrence Luke 3:22 N-DNS GRK: ἅγιον σωματικῷ εἴδει ὡς περιστερὰν NAS: upon Him in bodily form like KJV: in a bodily shape like INT: Holy in a bodily form as a dove ``` ________________________________________ ἴδῃς you shall see V-ASA-2S Ἴδε Behold V-AMA-2S

Answer 179

OBSERVE INTENTLY Τεθέαμαι I have beheld V-RIM/P-1S ``` Τεθέαμαι (Tetheamai) — 1 Occurrence John 1:32 V-RIM/P-1S GRK: λέγων ὅτι Τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα NAS: saying, I have seen the Spirit KJV: saying, I saw the Spirit descending INT: saying I have beheld the Spirit. ``` ``` Original Word: θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit. ``` 2300 theáomai (from tháomai, "to gaze at a spectacle") – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer. [2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron ("spectacle in a theatre"), the root of the English term, "theatre."] to behold, look upon, view attentively, contemplate.

Answer 180

I SAW - AFFIDAVIT - OBSERVER OF FACTS From ἑώρακα ἑ-ώρα-κα ἑ - past tense prefix ώρα - to see ἑώρακα have seen V-RIA-1S ἑώρακα (heōraka) — 3 Occurrences John 1:34 V-RIA-1S GRK: κἀγὼ ἑώρακα καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα NAS: I myself have seen, and have testified KJV: And I saw, and bare record INT: And I have seen and have borne witness. ________________________________________ ``` Original Word: ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. ``` 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception). [The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, "see." The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, "see."] ἑωρακέναι Christ, i. e. to have seen him exhibiting proofs of his divinity and Messiahship. metaphorically, ὄψεσθαί τόν Θεόν, τόν κύριον, to be admitted into intimate and blessed fellowship with God in his future kingdom. to see with the mind, to perceive, know. the father (a metaphorical expression borrowed from sons, who learn what they see their fathers doing) to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience. SYNONYMS: ὁρᾶν, βλέπειν, both denote the physical act: ὁρᾶν in general, βλέπειν the single look; ὁρᾶν gives prominence to the discerning mind, βλέπειν to the particular mood or point. When the physical side recedes, ὁρᾶν denotes perception in general (as resulting principally from vision), the prominence in the word of the mental element being indicated by the construction of the accusative with an infinitive (in contrast with that of the participle required with βλέπειν), and by the absolute ὁρᾷς; βλέπειν on the other hand, when its physical side recedes, gets a purely outward sense, look (i. e. open, incline) ___________________________________________ Concordance Entries ``` εἴδαμεν — 1 Occ. εἶδαν — 5 Occ. εἶδεν — 42 Occ. εἶδές — 8 Occ. εἴδετε — 5 Occ. εἴδομεν — 9 Occ. εἶδον — 76 Occ. ``` ``` ἑώρακα — 3 Occ. ἑωράκαμεν — 5 Occ. ἑώρακαν — 1 Occ. ἑώρακας — 4 Occ. ἑωράκασιν — 1 Occ. ἑωράκατε — 3 Occ. ἑωράκει — 1 Occ. ἑώρακεν — 10 Occ. ἑωρακέναι — 1 Occ. ἑωρακὼς — 2 Occ. ἑωρακότες — 1 Occ. ``` ἑόρακα — 1 Occ. ἑόρακαν — 1 Occ. ἑόρακεν — 1 Occ. ``` ἴδε — 34 Occ. ἴδῃ — 5 Occ. ἴδῃς — 1 Occ. ἴδητε — 12 Occ. ἰδεῖν — 39 Occ. ἴδετε — 9 Occ. ``` ``` ἴδω — 3 Occ. ἴδωμεν — 5 Occ. ἰδὼν — 61 Occ. ἴδωσιν — 9 Occ. ἰδόντες — 41 Occ. ἰδοὺ — 200 Occ. ἰδοῦσα — 6 Occ. ``` ὤφθη — 18 Occ. ὤφθην — 1 Occ. ὤφθησαν — 1 Occ. ``` ὀφθήσεται — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσομαί — 1 Occ. ὀφθείς — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντες — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντος — 1 Occ. ``` ``` ὄψῃ — 3 Occ. ὄψησθε — 1 Occ. ὄψεσθε — 13 Occ. ὄψεται — 4 Occ. ὄψομαι — 2 Occ. ὀψόμεθα — 1 Occ. ὄψονται — 9 Occ. ``` ``` Ὅρα — 6 Occ. Ὁρᾶτε — 8 Occ. ὁρῶ — 2 Occ. ὁρῶμεν — 1 Occ. ὁρῶν — 1 Occ. ὁρῶντες — 1 Occ. ὁρῶσαι — 1 Occ. ``` ``` Additional Entries ἰδοὺ — 200 Occ. ἰδοῦσα — 6 Occ. ὤφθη — 18 Occ. ὤφθην — 1 Occ. ὤφθησαν — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσεται — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσομαί — 1 Occ. ὀφθείς — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντες — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντος — 1 Occ. ὄψησθε — 1 Occ. ὄψεσθε — 13 Occ. ὄψεται — 4 Occ. ὄψομαι — 2 Occ. ὀψόμεθα — 1 Occ. ὄψονται — 9 Occ. Ὅρα — 6 Occ. Ὁρᾶτε — 8 Occ. ὁρῶ — 2 Occ. ὁρῶμεν — 1 Occ. ```

Answer 181

WITNESS - THE 'SUBJECT' WHO TESTIFIES ``` Original Word: μάρτυς, υρος, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: martus Phonetic Spelling: (mar'-toos) Definition: a witness Usage: a witness; an eye- or ear-witness. ``` (etymologically) one who is mindful, heeds. a witness (one who avers, or can aver, what he himself has seen or heard or knows by any other means) one who is a spectator of anything. 'one who testifies for one' the faithful interpreters of God's counsels are called God's witnesses. Christ is reckoned among them. In an ethical sense those are called μάρτυρες Ἰησοῦ, who after his example have proved the strength and genuineness of their faith in Christ by undergoing a violent death under the word. Of uncertain affinity; a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a "martyr" -- martyr, record, witness. ________________________________________ ``` Original Word: μαρτυρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: martureó Phonetic Spelling: (mar-too-reh'-o) Definition: to bear witness, testify Usage: I witness, bear witness, give evidence, testify, give a good report. ``` to be a witness, to bear witness, testify, i. e. "to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something, or that (so in the N. T.) he knows it because taught by divine revelation or inspiration" The apostles are said μαρτυρεῖν, as those wire had been eye-witnesses and ear-witnesses of the extraordinary sayings, deeds and sufferings of Jesus, which proved his Messiahship; so too Paul, as one to whom the risen Christ had visibly appeared. to bear witness concerning one. of God, who himself testifies in the Scriptures that a thing is so (viz. as the author declares) the Scriptures are said to testify περί Ἰησοῦ, i. e. to declare things which make it evident that he was truly sent by God, John 5:39; God is said to do the same — through the Scriptures. to bring forward evidence to prove. through the expiation wrought by the baptism and death of Christ, and the Holy Spirit giving souls assurance of this expiation. ὁ μαρτύρων ταῦτα he that testifieth these things i. e. has caused them to be testified by the prophet, his messenger. of testimony borne not in word but by deed, in the phrase used of Christ μαρτυρεῖν τήν καλήν ὁμολογίαν, to witness the good confession, to attest the truth of the (Christian) profession by his sufferings and death. a righteousness such as the Scriptures testify that God ascribes to believers. to testify to one what he wishes one to testify concerning him. passive μαρτυροῦμαι witness is borne to me, it is witnessed of me. emphatically; to utter honorable testimony, give a good report. passive μαρτυροῦμαι "to be borne (good) witness to, to be well reported of, to report with (good) testimony borne to one, accredited, attested, of good report, approved" of the person giving honorable testimony. True testimony. ______________________________________ ANTONYM ``` False witness in his name. Misrepresentation in his name. Misguidance in his name. Fraud in his name. Distraction. Misdirection. Confusion. Obfuscation. Clouding the issue. Over complexity. ```

Answer 182

LOOK INTO - INVESTIGATE ἐμβλέψας having looked at V-APA-NMS from en and blepó ``` ἐμβλέπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: emblepó Phonetic Spelling: (em-blep'-o) Definition: to look at, to consider Usage: I look into (upon); met: I consider; I see clearly. ``` emblépō (from 1722 /en, "engaged in" and 991 /blépō, "look") – properly, stare (look) at with a "locked-in gaze"; look at in a sustained, concentrated way, i.e. with special "interest, love or concern" (DNTT, 3, 519). ______________________________________ ``` ἐν Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: en Phonetic Spelling: (en) Definition: in, on, at, by, with Usage: in, on, among. HELPS Word-studies 1722 en (a preposition) – properly, in (inside, within); (figuratively) "in the realm (sphere) of," as in the condition (state) in which something operates from the inside (within). ``` _________________________________________ ``` βλέπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: blepó Phonetic Spelling: (blep'-o) Definition: to look (at) Usage: (primarily physical), I look, see, perceive, discern. ``` blépō – properly, to see, be observant (watchful). 991 (blépō) suggests "to see something physical, with spiritual results (perception)." That is, it carries what is seen into the non-physical (immaterial) realm so a person can take the needed action (respond, beware, be alert). beware (5), careful (1), careful* (1), consider (1), facing (1), guard (1), keep on seeing (2), look (7), looking (5), looks (1), partial* (2), saw (12), see (54), seeing (8), seen (8), sees (8), sight (2), take care (5), take heed (5), watch (1). to see, discern. to be possessed of sight, have the power of seeing. to discover by use, to know by experience. metaphorically, to see with the mind's eye. to have (the power of) understanding: βλέποντες οὐ βλέπουσι, though endued with understanding they do not understand. to discern mentally, observe, perceive, discover, understand. to turn the thoughts or direct the mind to a thing, to consider, contemplate, look to. A primary verb; to look at (literally or figuratively) -- behold, beware, lie, look (on, to), perceive, regard, see, sight, take heed.

Answer 183

LET ONESELF BE SEEN ``` Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). ``` become seen (appear). to allow oneself to be seen, to appear. A (middle voice) prolonged form of the primary (middle voice) optomai (op'-tom-ahee); which is used for it in certain tenses; and both as alternate of horao; to gaze (i.e. With wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from blepo, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from eido, which expresses merely mechanical, passive or casual vision; while theaomai, and still more emphatically its intensive theoreo, signifies an earnest but more continued inspection; and skopeo a watching from a distance) -- appear, look, see, shew self. see GREEK horao see GREEK blepo see GREEK eido see GREEK theaomai see GREEK theoreo see GREEK skopeo

Answer 184

DECEIT δόλος deceit N-NMS ``` Original Word: δόλος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: dolos Phonetic Spelling: (dol'-os) Definition: a bait, craft, deceit Usage: deceit, guile, treachery. ``` 1388 dólos – properly, bait; (figuratively) deceit (trickery) using bait to alure ("hook") people, especially those already festering in excessive, emotional pain (brought on by themselves). 1388 /dólos ("deceit motivated by guile") uses decoys to snare (deceive) people which implies treachery to exploit the naive (undiscerning) – baiting them through (with) their own greed. [1388 (dólos) is the root of: 1386 (dólios), 1387 (dolióō) and 1389 (dolóō).] ______________________________________ ``` δολιόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: dolioó Phonetic Spelling: (dol-ee-o'-o) Definition: to deceive Usage: I act deceitfully, deceive, use fraud. ``` dolióō (from 1388 /dólos, "bait") – properly, to lure, using bait to pull someone in; to deceive, preying on people who are blinded by their own bitterness, greed or lust. (This makes them "easy prey" to ensnare.) See 1388 (dolos). δολιόω: (δόλιος); to deceive, use deceit.

Answer 185

YAHUDA-ISM From Ῐ̓ούδᾱ +‎ -ιος from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה‎ (yəhūḏāh, “Judah”). -ῐος • Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to. __________________________________________ יְהוּדָה • (y'hudá) m A male given name, equivalent to English Judah, Judas, or Jude Judah, Judea (the kingdom, the region, the province, etc.) ____________________________________________ Derived Terms יְהוּדִי (yehudí) יְהוּדִי • (y'hudí) m (plural indefinite יְהוּדִים‎, plural construct יְהוּדֵי־, feminine counterpart יְהוּדִיָּה‎) Noun A Jew, a Jewish person. יְהוּדִי • (y'hudí) (feminine יְהוּדִיָּה‎, masculine plural יְהוּדִיִים‎, feminine plural יְהוּדִיוֹת‎) Adjective Jewish: being a Jew, or relating to Jews or Judaism. From יהודה‎ (y'hudá) +‎ ־י‎ (-í) Plural +‎ ־י‎ (-éi) Construct form of plural suffix ־ים‎ Perhaps derived from יָדָה‎ (yadá, “to praise”) ``` יָדָה • (yadá) (pa'al construction) Verb to throw, cast to worship to revere to hold out one's hand to bemoan to praise. ``` From Proto-Semitic, from an earlier biradical root *y-d (“hand; authority; strength”) Whence also יָד‎ - yad ("hand”) Cognate with Aramaic (yadah, “to laud”), Ge'ez (wadda, “to join together, establish firmly”) ``` יד arm hand forelimb (anterior limb) (card games) hand (soccer) hand foul power, strength, authority ‏יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ‎ ― yatsá y'dey khovató ― fulfilled his obligation handle monument (memorial structure), shrine. ``` From Proto-Semitic *yad- (“hand”). The plural form יָדוֹת‎ (yadót) is primarily for handles; the dual is used for body parts. ________________________________________ Ugaritic 𐎊𐎄 • (yd) hand. Akkadian: 𒁕 (idu, “arm”) Phoenician: 𐤉𐤃‎ (yd) dy (yd) 𐤉𐤃 (yd) hand. ___________________________________ YAH' UDA 𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 (ia-u2-da-a-a, /Ya'uda/) Judah, the Iron Age Semitic kingdom. 𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 From Hebrew יְהוֹאָחָז‎ (yeho'achaz, “Ahaz”) Ahaz, the king of Judah Nimrud Slab, II R 10.2 28, 29 𒆳𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 - 𒁹𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 lia-ú-ha-zi mia-ú-da-a-a Jehoahaz of Judah. 𒄩𒍝𒆥𒀀𒌑 - 𒆳 - 𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 Hezekiah of Judah. From חִזְקִיָּהוּ • (Ḥizkiyáhu) Hezekiah from חזקי‎ (ḥizki, “My strength”) +‎ ־יהו‎ (-yáhu, “the LORD”) ־יָהוּ • (yáhu) - (-iah ) A theophoric suffix, meaning "the LORD," used in many Biblical proper names. From יהוה, the Tetragrammaton. יהוה • (YHVH) m The Tetragrammaton, one of the names of God. The proper, personal name of the Jewish God. The word is written in the Hebrew Bible either without vocalisation or as יְהֹוָה, using the vocalization of the word אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”), because of the prohibition of uttering the name. It is thought that the original pronunciation was probably lost around the Hellenistic era. In some cases, when preceded by the word אֲדֹנָי‎ (adonái, “my Lord”), it is written as יֱהֹוִה, using the vocalization of the word אֱלֹהִים‎ (elohím) - God. אֱלוֹהִים \ אֱלֹהִים • (elohím) m (singular construct אלוהי \ אֱלֹהֵי־‎) Noun A god. An officer, judge, or the like. אלוהים \ אֱלֹהִים • (elohím) indefinite plural of אֱלוֹהַּ‎ (elóah) אֱלוֹהַּ \ אֱלֹהַּ • (elóah) m (plural indefinite אֱלוֹהִים \ אֱלֹהִים‎, singular construct אֱלוֹהַּ \ אֱלֹהַּ־, plural construct אֱלוֹהֵי \ אֱלֹהֵי־‎) A God. A Ruler. God (Christianity) Short for God the Father, the fountainhead and coeternal hypostasis (person) of the Trinity described in the Old Testament. (Christianity, chiefly poetic) Short for God the Son, the begotten and coeternal hypostasis of the Trinity, incarnated as Jesus Christ, of one essence with the Father and Holy Spirit. ὑπόστασις From ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ὑπό (hupó) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”). ``` στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree. ``` ῠ̔πό • (hupó) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative) (+ genitive) (of place) from underneath. (of cause or agency) by, through (in pregnant phrases) of immediate acts of an agent, as well as further results. (in Herodotus and Attic, of things as well as persons) (+ dative) (of place or position) under, near. (of agency) under, through, by. expressing subjection or dependence. (theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (comprising a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.] ``` Proto-Northwest-Semitic *ʾlh, a form of Proto-Semitic *ʾil-, whence also אל‎. Cognate with Phoenician 𐤀𐤋𐤌‎ (ʾlm), Aramaic אֱלָהָא‎ (ʾĕlāh) and איל‎, Akkadian 𒀭 (DINGIR /ilu‹m›/), Arabic إِلَه‎ (ʾilah) and اللّٰه‎ (allāh), and Ugaritic 𐎛𐎍 (ỉl). ``` 𐎛𐎍 • (ỉl) God EL From Proto-Semitic *ʾil- ____________________________________________ THE HANDS ARE THE AGENTS OF THE MIND SYMBOLIZES A SERVANT METAPHORICALLY "POWER" From Middle English hond, hand. from Old English hand (“hand, side (in defining position), power, control, possession, charge, agency, person regarded as holder or receiver of something”) Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity. An agent; a servant, or manual laborer, especially in compounds; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful.

Answer 186

NOT WORD - THE UNEDUCATED CHILDISH - INFANT __________________________________________ νήπιος Literally, "not if how" meaning - "possibly but not yet" Original Word: νήπιος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: népios Phonetic Spelling: (nay'-pee-os) Definition: an infant, a simple-minded or immature person Usage: unlearned, unenlightened; noun: an infant, child. An infant, fig. a simple-minded or immature person. child (5), childish (1), children (2), immature (1), infant (1), infants (4). metaphorically, childish, untaught, unskilled. From an obsolete particle ne- (implying negation) and epos; not speaking, i.e. An infant (minor); figuratively, a simple-minded person, an immature Christian -- babe, child (+ -ish). __________________________________________ Opposed to ᾰ̓νήρ An educated man. A bound man. A man under oath with obligation to obey a will. A husband. The flesh having been educated and bound by oath to a will. The personification of "Divine Will" but not the will itself. ``` ᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension Noun man (adult male) husband human being, as opposed to a god. ``` γῠνή • (gunḗ) f (genitive γῠναικός); third declension Noun woman, female A woman bound to an oath. __________________________________________ ``` ἔπος If how? By what means? It may be possible, if by what means? If possible, then by what means? ``` εἴ Transliteration: ei pos Phonetic Spelling: (i poce) Definition: if by any means, if somehow. From ei and pos; if somehow -- if by any means. ``` Original Word: -πώς Transliteration: pós Phonetic Spelling: (poce) Definition: how, at all properly, how (conveying "indefiniteness of manner," ``` a particle meaning, "if (somehow)" or "if possibly," when used with the Gk conjunction, εἰ ``` Original Word: εἰ Part of Speech: Conditional Particle Or Conjunction Transliteration: ei Phonetic Spelling: (i) Definition: forasmuch as, if, that Usage: if. ``` ei (a conditional conjunction) – if. 1487 /ei (followed by any verb) expresses "a condition, thought of as real, or to denote assumptions" (i.e. viewed as factual. for the sake of argument) (ei) should not be translated "since," but rather always "if" – since the assumption may only be portrayed as valid (true, factual). __________________________________________ ``` Original Word: ἔπος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: epos Phonetic Spelling: (ep'-os) Definition: a word Usage: a word, so to speak. ``` akin to eipon, see also legó __________________________________________ From - ἔπω Phonetic Spelling: (ep'-o) Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command. A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) -- answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego. answer, bid, bring word, command. see GREEK ereo see GREEK rheo see GREEK phemi see GREEK lego __________________________________________ ἐρεῶ Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereó Phonetic Spelling: (er-eh'-o) Definition: call, say, speak of, tell Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say -- call, say, speak (of), tell. ___________________________________________ Original Word: ῥέω, Phonetic Spelling: (hreh'-o) Definition: command, make, say, speak of. For certain tenses of which a prolonged form ereo (er-eh'-o) is used; and both as alternate for epo; perhaps akin (or identical) with rheo (through the idea of pouring forth); to utter, i.e. Speak or say -- command, make, say, speak (of). Compare lego. ___________________________________________ Original Word: ἔπω Phonetic Spelling: (ep'-o) Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command. A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) -- answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego. ___________________________________________ ``` Original Word: φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. ``` phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany"). properly, to make known one's thoughts, to declare; to say: ἔφη, he said (once on a time) Properly, the same as the base of phos and phaino; to show or make known one's thoughts, i.e. Speak or say -- affirm, say. Compare lego. ___________________________________________ ``` Original Word: λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. ``` légō (originally, "lay down to sleep," used later of "laying an argument to rest," i.e. bringing a message to closure; see Curtius, Thayer) – properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, "laying it to rest").

Answer 187

A HUSBAND - BOUND TO THE LAW A man having acquired an education, and hence having become enlighten by the teachings of Christ. ``` Original Word: ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: anér Phonetic Spelling: (an'-ayr) Definition: a man Usage: a male human being; a man, husband. ``` brethren* (13), gentlemen (1), husband (39), husbands (13), man (71), man's (2), men (70), virgin* (1). with a reference to sex, and so to distinguish a man from a woman; either a. as a male or as a husband. with a reference to age, and to distinguish an adult man from a boy. where angels or other heavenly beings are said to have borne the forms of men. A primary word (compare anthropos); a man (properly as an individual male) -- fellow, husband, man, sir. ________________________________________ ἄνθρωπος probably from anér and óps (eye, face) from God, from Christ as divine, and from angels. The flesh conjoined to the wisdom, intelligence and enlightenment "being the Logos" as the Pre-Incarnate Christ which is the "deposit of the Saints" The flesh having been educated of Christ. The flesh under the guidance of Christ. The incarnate Logos now operative in the flesh of an educated man. With a reference to the twofold nature of man. ὁ ἔσω and ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, soul and body. With a reference to the twofold moral condition of man, ὁ παλαιός (the corrupt) and ὁ καινός (ὁ νέος) ἄνθρωπος (the truly Christian man, conformed to the nature of God) ``` Original Word: ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: anthrópos Phonetic Spelling: (anth'-ro-pos) Definition: a man, human, mankind Usage: a man, one of the human race. ``` ánthrōpos – man, also the generic term for "mankind"; the human race; people, including women and men (Mt 4:19, 12:12, etc.). (anthrōpos) relates to both genders (male and female) as both are created in the image of God – each equally vested with individual personhood and destiny. [444 /ánthrōpos ("man") answers to the Hebrew term, ̓adam – and 435 (anḗr) answers to the Hebrew term ̓ish. K. Wuest, "There are two words in Greek which mean 'man,' anēr, which refers to a male individual of the human reace, and anthrōpos, which is the racial, generic term, and which has the general idea of 'mankind' " Universally, with reference to the genus or nature, without distinction of sex, a human being, whether male or female: John 16:21. And in this sense a. with the article, generically, so as to include all human individuals. So that a man is distinguished from beings of a different race or order; α. from animals, plants. ἄνθρωπος signifies father of a family, husband, son, servant. ἄνθρωπος is joined to another substantive — a quasi-predicate of office, or employment, or characteristic — the idea of the predicate predominating. ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Θεοῦ a man devoted to the service of God, God's minister. of the evangelists, the associates of the apostles.

Answer 188

CAUSE From αἰτέω (“to ask”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun suffix) Verb αἰτῐ́ᾱ • (aitíā) f (genitive αἰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension. Ask - What - Why - How - Where - When - Who. Charge, accusation, imputation, blame, guilt, fault. (in a good sense) credit. expostulation, admonition. (philosophy) cause. occasion, opportunity, motive. Category. Explanation. _______________________________________ CAUSE from Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”) in Middle English also "a thing" borrowed from Old French cause (“a cause, a thing”) (countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result. Sufficient reason for a state, as of emotion. (countable) A goal, aim or principle, especially one which transcends purely selfish ends. (countable, obsolete) Any subject of discussion or debate; a matter; an affair. (countable, law) A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of action. Reason. __________________________________________ MOTIVE ``` Wish Intent Desire Want Desired Outcome. Desired Result. Passion. Purpose. What for? What will become of it? What are the intended consequences? ``` _______________________________________ Middle English sake (“cause, reason”) from Old English sacu (“cause”) sacu f (nominative plural sace or saca) dispute, strife, contention crime, sin ``` From Proto-Germanic *sakō. *sakō f quarrel charge, case, lawsuit thing, matter. ``` From *sakaną (“to quarrel, to argue, to debate”). *sakaną to charge, dispute. From Pre-Germanic *sh₂g- From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- *seh₂g- to seek out. __________________________________________ LATIN Latin: sāgus (“prophetic”) ``` sagus m (genitive sagī); second declension Archaic form of sagum. ``` ``` sagum n (genitive sagī); second declension sagum, a military cloak. ``` From earlier sagus from Ancient Greek σάγος (“cloak”, “coat”) σᾰ́γος • (ságos) m (genitive σᾰ́γου); second declension (Koine) (Koine) cloak (Koine) coat, habit (garment) Probably of Gaulish origin. sagum (plural sagums or saga) (historical) A cloak, worn in ancient times by the Gauls, early Germans, and Roman soldiers, made of a rectangular piece of (usually red) coarse cloth and fastened on the right shoulder. sāgus (feminine sāga, neuter sāgum); first/second declension Adjective divining, prophetic. sāgiō (present infinitive sāgīre, perfect active sāgīvī, supine sāgītum); fourth conjugation Verb I perceive quickly or keenly with the senses I perceive acutely with the intellect. From Proto-Italic *sāgiō, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gyeti (“to seek out, to track”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “I guide, lead”), Gothic 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sōkjan), and English seek. *séh₂gyeti (imperfective) to give a sign. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “I guide, lead”) Cognates with English seek seek (third-person singular simple present seeks, present participle seeking, simple past and past participle sought) (transitive) To try to find; to look for; to search for. (transitive) To ask for; to solicit; to beseech. (transitive) To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to aim at. (intransitive, obsolete) To go, move, travel (in a given direction). (transitive) To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to. (intransitive, computing) To navigate through a stream. (transitive) To attempt, endeavour, try. To look for. Cognates Greek ἡγέομαι • (hēgéomai) I go before, precede; I lead the way, guide. I lead (dative) in (genitive) (with accusative) I am leader (in a thing) I lead, command in war. _____________________________________ DISPUTE dispute (plural disputes) An argument or disagreement, a failure to agree. Verbal controversy; contest by opposing argument or expression of opposing views or claims; controversial discussion; altercation; debate. From Middle English disputen, from Old French desputer (French disputer), from Latin disputāre (“to dispute, discuss, examine, compute, estimate”), from dis- (“apart”) + putāre (“to reckon, consider, think, originally make clean, clear up”), related to purus (“pure”). Latin - putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation Verb I clean, cleanse I trim, prune, lop (figuratively) I arrange, settle (figuratively) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider. (figuratively) I judge, suspect, suppose (figuratively) I ponder, consider, think about Synonym: cōgitō

Answer 189

I THINK cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think. From con- +‎ agitō. con- + From preposition cum (“with”). con- Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects. Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word. agitō From agō (“do, act, make”) +‎ -itō. From Ancient Greek ἄγω (“I lead”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti (to be driving) agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation I do, act, make, behave. -itō Forms frequentative verbs from existing verbs. agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation From Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”), I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. I brandish, wield. (of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control. (of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue. I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb. I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on. I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment. I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock. I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise. (of time) I pass, spend. I live, dwell, abide, sojourn. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. (with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in.

Answer 190

MAKE KNOWN - BRING TO LIGHT ``` Original Word: φανερόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phaneroó Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-o'-o) Definition: to make visible, make clear Usage: I make clear (visible, manifest), make known. ``` 5319 phaneróō (from 5457 /phṓs, "light") – properly, illumine, make manifest (visible); (figuratively) make plain, in open view; to become apparent ("graspable"). 1 Jn 3:2: "Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that if (Gk ean) He becomes manifest (5319 /phaneróō), we will be like Him, because (hoti) we will see Him just as (Gk kathōs) He is." (φανερός); to make manifest or visible or known what has been hidden or unknown, to manifest, whether by words, or deeds, or in any other way. passive used of something hitherto non-existent but now made actual and visible, realized. to bring to light or make manifest, by the advent, life, death, resurrection, of Jesus Christ. to make known by teaching. with an accusative of the person, to expose to view, make manifest, show one: ἑαυτόν τῷ κόσμῳ, of Christ coming forth from his retirement in Galilee and showing himself publicly at Jerusalem. τοῖς μαθηταῖς, of the risen Christ, John 21:1; passive, to be made manifest, to show oneself, appear. of Christ previously hidden from view in heaven but after his incarnation made visible on earth as a man among men. ἡ ζωή (the life embodied in Christ; the centre and source of life) Passive, to become known, to be plainly recognized, thoroughly understood: who and what one is. _______________________________________ ``` Original Word: φανερός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: phaneros Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-os') Definition: visible, manifest Usage: apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly. ``` apparent (1), disclosed (2), evident (6), light (2), obvious (1), outward (1), outwardly* (1), tell (2), well known (2). to make one known, i. e.) disclose who and what he is. From phaino; shining, i.e. Apparent (literally or figuratively); neuter (as adverb) publicly, externally -- abroad, + appear, known, manifest, open (+ -ly), outward (+ -ly). ____________________________________ Original Word: φαίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phainó Phonetic Spelling: (fah'-ee-no) Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as. to bring forth into the light, cause to shine; to show. to become evident, to be brought forth into light, come to view, appear. to meet the eyes, strike the sight, become clear or manifest. to appear to the mind, seem to one's judgment or opinion. Prolongation for the base of phos; to lighten (shine), i.e. Show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative) -- appear, seem, be seen, shine, X think. __________________________________________ ``` Original Word: φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. ``` τό φῶς οὐκ ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ, the light (i. e. illumining power) is not in him, consequently he does not see or distinguish the filings about him, John 11:10; the light emitted by a lamp, Luke 8:16; ( L Tr text WH). a heavenly light, such as surrounds angels when they appear on earth: hence, ἄγγελος φωτός. by metonymy, anything emitting light: a heavenly luminary (or star) a lamp or torch. The extremely delicate, subtile, pure, brilliant quality of light has led to the use of φῶς as an appellation of God, i. e. as by nature incorporeal, spotless, holy. φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind.

Answer 191

IMAGINE - SUPPOSE - SUPPOSITION EDUCATED GUESS to suppose, think, deem, imagine. ᾠήθη aorist passive indicative 3 sg. οἴομαι • (oíomai) Verb to suppose to look for a contingency; to hope, fear, expect when the event rests with oneself, to purpose or will to express full persuasion, either modestly or ironically of an opinion or judgment, to deem, conceive, imagine. (transitive) to wait for, look for. English : thought that (1), believed (1), supposed that (1) _______________________________________ SUPPOSITION supposition (countable and uncountable, plural suppositions) Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture. The act or an instance of supposing. From Middle English supposicioun, from Anglo-Norman supposicion, from Latin suppositiō, suppositiōnem (“supposition”), from sub- (“under”) + positiō, positiōnem (“position; theme”), from positus (“position”), from the perfect passive participle of pōnō, pōnere (“put, place”). ``` positiō f (genitive positiōnis); third declension Noun position, place framing theme planting (of crops) lie (of land) attitude ``` positus m (feminine posita, neuter positum); first/second declension Participle placed ordained ``` pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation Verb I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp) ``` ``` From Proto-Italic *poznō. Equivalent to po- +‎ sinō. po- Prefix off, away ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó off, away, from From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó off, away, from ``` From Ancient Greek: ἀπό (apó) ᾰ̓πό • (apó) (governs the genitive) Preposition from, away from because of, as a result of ``` From Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), From Latin ab (“from”) From Proto-Slavic *po ``` From Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Adverb behind afterwards 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Prefix back, again, further ``` From Old English æf (“of”), æf Prepisition of [+dative] From English: off off (not comparable) Adverb In a direction away from the speaker or object. Into a state of non-operation; into a state of non-existence. So as to be removed or separated. ``` From Latin - ab (+ ablative) Preposition from, away from, out of down from at, on, in (time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of ```

Answer 192

CONVENTION - AGREEMENT - SAME P.O.V. COME TOGETHER convene (v.) early 15c., (intransitive) "to come together, meet in the same place," usually for some public purpose, from Old French convenir "to come together; to suit, agree," from Latin convenire "to come together, meet together, assemble; unite, join, combine; agree with, accord; be suitable or proper (to)," from assimilated form of com "with, together" (see con-) + venire "to come," from a suffixed form of PIE root *gwa- "to go, come." ____________________________________________ σύμβαση - convention συμβατικός - conventional From σύμ and βάση From Ancient Greek βάσις (básis) from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis. _________________________________________ βάση • (vási) f (plural βάσεις) ``` base, foundation (the lowest part of something) βάση για μακιγιάζ (makeup foundation) (chemistry) base basis (underlying reason) base (the lowest part of something) ``` ___________________________________________ ``` βάση για μακιγιάζ f (“makeup foundation”) βάση δεδομένων (“database”) βασικός (“fundamental”) βασικό n (“basic thing”) βασικά (“basically”) βασίζω ("to base”) ``` ___________________________________________ βᾰ́σῐς • (básis) f (genitive βᾰ́σεως); third declension step rhythm foot foundation, base τρία Μύρωνος ἔργα κολοσσικὰ ἱδρυμένα ἐπὶ μιᾶς βάσεως (Strabo Geog 14.1.14) (geometry) one of the three sides of a triangle fixedness. From Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (English come). Synchronically analyzable as βαίνω (“I go”) +‎ -σις. -σῐς • Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. *gʷémtis f (oblique stem *gʷm̥téy-) step, act of walking. From *gʷem- (“to step”) +‎ *-tis. *(é)-tis f Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots. ___________________________________________ ENGLISH - STEP step (plural steps) An advance or movement made from one foot to the other; a pace. A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a rung of a ladder. A distinct part of a process; stage; phase. The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running. A small space or distance. A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track. Proceeding; measure; action; act. (kinematics) A change of position effected by a motion of translation. (programming) A constant difference between consecutive values in a series. Printing from 0 to 9 with a step of 3 will display 0, 3, 6 and 9. ___________________________________________ FROM ENGLISH - FOUNDATION foundation (countable and uncountable, plural foundations) The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect. That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding. (figuratively) The result of the work to begin something; that which stabilizes and allows an enterprise or system to develop. (architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry. A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment. That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity. ``` FROM OLD ENGLISH Old English ġēotan. ġēotan Verb to pour, gush Hēo ġēat meoloc on þæt glæs. She poured milk into the glass. tēaras ġēotan to shed tears to cast, found (metal) Sēo anlīcnes wearþ fram þām cræftigan selfum ġegoten. The statue was cast by the artist himself. ``` FROM LATIN fundātiō f (genitive fundātiōnis); third declension The act of founding; foundation. From fundō (“found, establish”) +‎ -tiō. +‎ -tiō used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. ``` fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, limited passive Verb (transitive) I pour out, shed (military) I rout, scatter (transitive) I found, make by smelting (transitive, figuratively) I moisten, wet (transitive) I extend, spread out (transitive) I utter ``` From Proto-Italic *hundō *hundō Verb pour out. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd-. *ǵʰewd- to pour. *ǵʰew- to pour. ``` ``` FROM GREEK χέω • (khéō) Verb (of liquids) I pour I shed (of tears) I smelt, cast (of metal) (passive) I become liquid, melt, dissolve (of solids) I scatter, shed I throw up (of soil) I shower (of spears) I let fall, drop (passive) I am heaped up, mounded I move together, stream (perfect, passive) I am engaged, absorbed in. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognates include Sanskrit जुहोति (juhóti), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundō, fūtis and Old English ġēotan, guttas (English gut). ``` FROM SANSKRIT जुहोति • (juhóti) (root हु, class 3, type P, present) Verb to sprinkle on to worship or honor with to sacrifice to to offer or present an oblation. From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́uźʰáwti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĵʰuĵʰáwti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-ǵʰéw-ti, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χέω (khéō), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundo, German gießen. ``` ``` हु • (hu) Verb to sprinkle on to sacrifice to offer an oblation. जुहोति (juhoti, “to sprinkle on”) जोहवीति (johavīti, “to offer oblations”) हूयते (hūyate, “to be offered”) जोहूयते (johūyate) From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰaw-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĵʰaw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). ``` FROM GERMAN gießen from Proto-Germanic *geutaną (“to pour”) cognates include Latin fundō (“to pour, to smelt”), Ancient Greek χέω (khéō, “to pour”) and Sanskrit जुहोति (juhóti, “he sacrifices”) (transitive) to pour; usually only of liquids, especially of large quantities. (transitive) to pour; to cast; to found (shape molten metal or glass by pouring) ___________________________________________ ``` βασικά • (vasiká) basically Related terms see: βάση (vási, “base, basis”) Adjective βασικά • (vasiká) Adverb form Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of βασικός (vasikós). ``` ___________________________________________ βασικός • (vasikós) m (feminine βασική, neuter βασικό) Adjective form basic, fundamental, primary. ____________________________________________ ``` βασίζω • (vasízo) simple past βάσισα passive βασίζομαι Verb form base βασισμένα στην εμπειρία ― based on experience ``` _____________________________________ βασίζομαι • (vasízomai) passive (simple past βασίστηκα, active βασίζω) Passive Verb form passive form of βασίζω (vasízo). _____________________________________ βασίστηκα • (vasístika) Passive Verb form 1st person singular simple past form of βασίζομαι (vasízomai). _____________________________________ βάσισα • (vásisa) Simple Past Verb form 1st person singular simple past form of βασίζω (vasízo). _____________________________________ βάσεις • (váseis) f Noun form Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of βάση (vási).

Answer 193

DATA - PEICE OF INFORMATION δεδομένο • (dedoméno) n (plural δεδομένα) Noun (sciences, mathematics) item of data, piece of information. βάση δεδομένων (“database”) _________________________________________ στοῖχος • (stoîkhos) m (genitive στοίχου); second declension Noun row in an ascending series. (architecture) the first course of masonry steps. (architecture) course of bricks. file of persons marching one behind another, as in a procession. (of ships, columns) (of soldiers, file) row of columns. στοιχείο • (stoicheío) n (plural στοιχεία) Noun unit, element, cell (a portion of a whole) (chemistry) element (sciences, mathematics) item of data, piece of information (typography) letter, piece of type (electricity) cell, battery (statistics) subset of a population. στοιχεῖον • (stoikheîon) n (genitive στοιχείου); second declension Noun. (properly) one of a row. (generally) one of a series, a component part, an element. στοιχεῖον a simple sound of the voice, as the first element of language; an elementary sound, as distinct from a letter (γράμμα, grámma) (physics, usually in the plural) any one of the component parts of matter, an element. (Aristotelianism) the material cause of a thing, as opposed to the formal or motive cause (ἀρχή) (in the plural) the elements of knowledge and the sciences. (geometry) points, lines, surfaces. (arithmetic) units. (grammar) parts of speech. (logic) the major premisses of syllogisms. (generally) a simple or elementary principle. (in later writers) a planet, (especially) a sign of the Zodiac. (physics: component part of matter, element) ______________________________________ στοιχείωμᾰ • (stoikheíōma) n (genitive στοιχειώμᾰτος); third declension Noun an element, a principle. (in the plural) the signs of the Zodiac. (sign of the Zodiac): στοιχειώμᾰτᾰ ========================= ζῠγόν • (zugón) n (genitive ζῠγοῦ); second declension yoke, for joining animals yoke, burden in general, anything which joins two pieces together: cross-bar, plank, beam the balancing beam of a scale; the scale itself rank (of soldiers) ζυγός • (zygós) m (plural ζυγοί) As a Noun scales, balance (for weighing) yoke ζυγός • (zygós) m (feminine ζυγή, neuter ζυγό) As an Adjective (mathematics) even μονά ή ζυγά (odds or evens) 2, 4, 6... είναι ζυγοί αριθμοί (2, 4, 6... are even numbers) twin αζύγιαστος (“not weighed, not calculated”) αζύγιστος (“not weghed, not calculated”) αντιζυγία f (κατ' αντιζυγία (kat' antizygía) βρεφοζυγός m (“weighing machine for babies”) διαζύγιο n (diazýgio) δίζυγο n (dízygo) (gymnastics) εξωσυζυγικός (exosyzygikós) εφ' ενός ζυγού (ef' enós zygoú) ζυγαριά f (“scales, balance, weighing machine”) ζύγι n (“weight”) ζυγίζω (“I weigh”) ζύγισμα n (“weighing”) Ζυγός m (“Libra”) ζυγοσταθμίζω n (zygostathmízo) ζυγώνω (zygóno) ζυγώτης m (zygótis) (biology) ισοζύγιο n (isozýgio) μονόζυγο n (monózygo) (gymnastics) πολύζυγο n (polýzygo) (gymnastics) συζυγία f (syzygía) συζυγικός (syzygikós) σύζυγος (“spouse”) (masculine & feminine) του Έλληνος ο τράχηλος ζυγόν δεν υπομένει (tou Éllinos o tráchilos zygón den ypoménei) τους ζυγούς λύσατε (tous zygoús lýsate) υποζύγιο (ypozýgio) and see: ζυγίζω (zygízo), ζυγώνω, ζεύγος, ζεύγμα, ζεύξη ζεύγος • (zévgos) n (plural ζεύγη) Noun (of things, abstractions) (formal) pair to be used or joined together (of persons) couple usually married, or acting together (antique) two animals joined together for ploughing. ζευγάρι • (zevgári) n (plural ζευγάρια) Noun couple, pair (of things) (of people) married or in romantic liaison, or acting together. pair of animals tied together (e.g. for ploughing) a pair of male and female animals. (of matching things) the other member of a pair. ``` ζεύγνῡμῐ • (zeúgnūmi) Verb (active) To yoke, saddle, bridle a beast of burden (horses, cattle, mules; to get ready (a chariot) (middle) To have one's beasts yoked To fasten tightly To join or link together To join in wedlock (active or middle) To build a bridge from bank to bank To furnish ships with crossbenches To pair gladiators. ``` Ζεύξιππος Ζεύξῐππος • (Zeúxippos) m (genitive Ζευξῐ́ππου); second declension Noun A male given name, equivalent to English Zeuxippus. From ζεύγνῡμῐ (“to yoke”) +‎ ῐ̔́ππος (“horse”) +‎ -ος - perhaps “horse-yoker”. διαζύγιο • (diazýgio) n (plural διαζύγια) Noun divorce (dissolution of a marriage) ζυγά-ζυγά (zygá-zygá, “two by two”) ``` αζύγιστος • (azýgistos) m (feminine αζύγιστη, neuter αζύγιστο) unweighed, untared (figuratively) unconsidered. UNTARED Adjective not tared, not weighed TARED Adjective Weighed; determined; reduced to equal or standard weight. TARE (plural tares) Noun The empty weight of a container; the tare weight or unladen weight. ``` ζυγίζω • (zygízo) (simple past ζύγισα, passive ζυγίζομαι) Verb form weigh weigh up, size up. ζυγαριά • (zygariá) f (plural ζυγαριές) Noun scales, balance, pair of scales (for weighing) (figuratively) balance. ζυγός (zygós, “balance, scale”) +‎ -αριά (-ariá) ``` ζύγι • (zýgi) n (plural ζύγια) Noun weight ένα ζύγι του 1 κιλού 1 kilogram weight plumb bob. ``` ``` Ζυγός • (Zygós) m Noun (astronomy) the constellation Libra (astrology) the astrological sign Libra. From Latin lībra (“scales, balance”). (astronomy) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a set of scales. ``` ισοζύγιο • (isozýgio) n (plural ισοζύγια) Noun (finance) balance μονόζυγο • (monózygo) n Noun (gymnastics) horizontal bar (bar or event) (rare, colloquial) horizontal ladder. συζυγικός • (syzygikós) m (feminine συζυγική, neuter συζυγικό) As an Adjective. conjugal, married, marital, connubial. Pairs of opposites that depend on each-other for meaning. σύζυγος • (sýzygos) m or f (plural σύζυγοι) Noun spouse (husband or wife) (in the plural) couple (husband and wife) συζυγία f (“conjugation”) συζυγικός (“conjugal, married”, adjective) συζώ (“to live together”) _______________________________________ SUFFIX -αριά • (-ariá) f used to indicate an approximate age or amount: ‎δέκα (déka, “ten”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎δεκαριά (dekariá, “around ten, about ten”) ‎είκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎εικοσαριά (eikosariá, “around twenty, about twenty”) used to indicate a device which uses or causes the noun it is suffixed to: ‎κλειδί (kleidí, “key”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎κλειδαριά (kleidariá, “lock, padlock”) ‎ζυγός (zygós, “balance, scale”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎ζυγαριά (zygariá, “scales”) ‎ψήνω (psíno, “to roast, to cook”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎ψησταριά (psistariá, “rotisserie, barbecue”) added to a fruit/plant/body organ noun, to create words for trees/plants that produce it or when it is used (in the case of body organs) as food ‎pine (pine, “κουκουνάρι”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎κουκουναριά (koukounariá, “pine tree”) ‎λυγίζω (lygízo, “to bend”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎λυγαριά (lygariá, “osier, wicker”) ‎συκώτι (sykóti, “liver”) + ‎-αριά (-ariá) → ‎συκωταριά (sykotariá, “offal, entrails”)

Answer 194

MIND ``` μένος • (ménos) n (genitive μένεος or μένους); third declension Noun mind desire, ardor, wish, purpose anger courage, spirit, vigor power, strength, force violence. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *ménos, from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬋‎ (manō) and Sanskrit मनस् (mánas). _____________________________________ SANSKRIT मनस् • (mánas) n mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers), intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, sense, conscience, will the spirit or spiritual principle, the breath or living soul which escapes from the body at death thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit name of the 26th kalpa (कल्प) ‎ From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mánas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas, from Proto-Indo-European *ménos, from *men- (“to think”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵‎‎ (manah‎), Ancient Greek μένος (ménos), Latin mēns. from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas *mánas n Noun mind, intellect, thought. __________________________________________ LATIN __________________________________________ OLD PERSIAN 𐎶𐎴𐏃 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (m-n-h /manah/) n mind, thought. 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡 (h-x-a-m-n-i /haxāmani/, literally “friendly-minded”) (personal name) __________________________________________ DERIVED TERMS ``` Ἀλκᾰμένης (Alkaménēs) δῠσμενής (dusmenḗs) Εὐθυμένης (Euthuménēs) Εὐμένης (Euménēs) Εὐμενῐ́δες (Eumenídes) Ῑ̓δομένη (Īdoménē) Ῐ̔ππομένης (Hippoménēs) Μένᾰνδρος (Ménandros) Μενέλᾱος (Menélāos) Μενέσθης (Menésthēs) Μενέσθιος (Menésthios) Μενίππη (Meníppē) Μένιππος (Ménippos) Μενοικεύς (Menoikeús) Μενοίτῐος (Menoítios) Τισαμενός (Tisamenós) ``` __________________________________________ Ἀλκᾰμένης From ἀλκή (“strength”) +‎ μένος (“might”) +‎ -ης -ης Form third declension proper nouns or adjectives. ἀλκή • (alkḗ) f (genitive ἀλκῆς); first declension prowess, force defense, guard battle, fight. δῠσμενής • (dusmenḗs) m or f (neuter δῠσμενές); third declension Adjective hostile [+dative or genitive = to someone] (substantive) enemy [+dative or genitive = of someone] from *dus- + *ménos (“mind, thought”), from *men- (“think”). Equivalent to δῠσ- +‎ μένος (“spirit”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix). δῠσ- • (dus-) Prefix bad, hard, unfortunate. ``` Εὐθυμένης From εὐθύς +‎ μένος +‎ -ης εὐθῠ́ς • (euthús) m (feminine εὐθεῖᾰ, neuter εὐθῠ́); first/third declension Adjective straight, direct (in a moral sense) straightforward, open, frank εὐθῠ́ς • (euthús) Adverb (of place) straight simply in the face of (of time) straightaway, forthwith, at once (of manner) directly, simply. ``` Εὐμενῐ́δες (Eumenídes) Male Given Name From Ancient Greek Εὐμενίδες (“gracious ones”). (Greek mythology) The Erinyes. Erinyes (singular Erinys) (Greek mythology) The goddesses of vengeance; they were also known to accompany Nemesis. Their Roman counterparts were the Dirae. Synonym: Furies Hyponyms: Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone Coordinate term: Dirae Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῑνύες (Erīnúes, literally “Avengers”), Furies. Μένανδρος • (Ménandros) m (genitive Μενάνδρου); second declension Proper noun A male given name, equivalent to English Menander. From μένος (“force”) +‎ ἀνήρ (“man”) +‎ -ος -ος • Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun. Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.

Answer 195

DYS - BAD - HARD - UNFORTUNATE DYS-FUNCTIONAL SUFFIX δῠσ- • (dus-) Prefix bad, hard, unfortunate. Ancient Greek δυσ- (“bad, ill, difficult”, prefix). More at dys- ``` From Latin dys- dys- Prefix bad status malfunctioning. From Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) expressing the idea of difficulty, or bad status. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Cognate to Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”) English tore. tore (comparative more tore, superlative most tore) (dialectal or obsolete) Hard, difficult; wearisome, tedious. (dialectal or obsolete) Strong, sturdy; great, massive. (dialectal or obsolete) Full; rich.

Answer 196

FORMS ACTION NOUNS ONE WHO PERFORMS THE VERB -ος • (-os) m (genitive -ου); second declension Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun. From Proto-Indo-European *-os. *(ó)-os m Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or action of that verb. -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Suffix Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Added to the zero-grade. ‎ἔπᾰθον (épathon, “I experienced”, aorist) + ‎-ος (-os) → ‎πᾰ́θος (páthos, “experience, emotion”) Added to the e-grade. ‎μείρομαι (meíromai, “to receive as one's portion”) + ‎-ος (-os) → ‎μέρος (méros, “part”) Etymology 3 Edit Suffix Edit -ος • (-os) Nominative singular of masculine and feminine second-declension nouns ἄνθρωπος m or f (ánthrōpos, “person”) Masculine nominative singular of first- and second-declension adjectives ἄλλος m (állos, “other”) Masculine and feminine nominative singular of second-declension adjectives ἄδικος m or f (ádikos, “unjust”) Nominative, accusative, and vocative singular of some neuter third-declension nouns γένος n (génos, “kind”) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension nouns ὀνόματος n (onómatos, “of a name”) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension masculine or neuter adjectives παντός m or n (pantós, “of the whole of”)

Answer 197

HYPOTHESIS - SUPPOSITION υπόθεση case, hypothesis, assumption, matter, affair, supposition. υπόθεση • (ypóthesi) f (plural υποθέσεις) business, matter, affair (law) case (sciences, mathematics) hypothesis, conjecture Υπόθεση Αβογκάντρο ― Ypóthesi Avogkántro ― Avogadro's hypothesis (film) plot assumption. ________________________________________ HYPOTHESIS ``` ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension Noun proposal suggestion, advice purpose occasion, excuse, pretext actor's role function, occupation, station placing under base (thing placed under another) ``` (general) An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation. (grammar) The antecedent of a conditional statement. ________________________________________ HYPOTHESIS DEFINITION 2005, Ronald H. Pine (from an article concerning intelligent design) Far too many of us have been taught in school that a scientist, in the course of trying to figure something out, will first come up with a "hypothesis" (a guess or surmise—not necessarily even an "educated" guess). ... [But t]he word "hypothesis" should be used, in science, exclusively for a reasoned, sensible, knowledge-informed explanation for why some phenomenon exists or occurs. An hypothesis can be as yet untested; can have already been tested; may have been falsified; may have not yet been falsified, although tested; or may have been tested in a myriad of ways countless times without being falsified; and it may come to be universally accepted by the scientific community. An understanding of the word "hypothesis," as used in science, requires a grasp of the principles underlying Occam's Razor and Karl Popper's thought in regard to "falsifiability"—including the notion that any respectable scientific hypothesis must, in principle, be "capable of" being proven wrong (if it should, in fact, just happen to be wrong), but none can ever be proved to be true. One aspect of a proper understanding of the word "hypothesis," as used in science, is that only a vanishingly small percentage of hypotheses could ever potentially become a theory. ________________________________________ SUPPOSITION supposition (countable and uncountable, plural suppositions) Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture. The act or an instance of supposing. From Middle English supposicioun, from Anglo-Norman supposicion, from Latin suppositiō, suppositiōnem (“supposition”), from sub- (“under”) + positiō, positiōnem (“position; theme”), from positus (“position”), from the perfect passive participle of pōnō, pōnere (“put, place”). ``` positiō f (genitive positiōnis); third declension Noun position, place framing theme planting (of crops) lie (of land) attitude ``` positus m (feminine posita, neuter positum); first/second declension Participle placed ordained ``` pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation Verb I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp) ``` ``` From Proto-Italic *poznō. Equivalent to po- +‎ sinō. po- Prefix off, away ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó off, away, from From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó off, away, from ``` From Ancient Greek: ἀπό (apó) ᾰ̓πό • (apó) (governs the genitive) Preposition from, away from because of, as a result of ``` From Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”), From Latin ab (“from”) From Proto-Slavic *po ``` From Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Adverb behind afterwards 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Prefix back, again, further ``` From Old English æf (“of”), æf Prepisition of [+dative] From English: off off (not comparable) Adverb In a direction away from the speaker or object. Into a state of non-operation; into a state of non-existence. So as to be removed or separated. ``` From Latin - ab (+ ablative) Preposition from, away from, out of down from at, on, in (time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of ```

Answer 198

PSUEDO - FALSE - FAULT - DECEIVE Confuse - "to muck it up" - to delude. Admixture. To "mix it up" for the purpose of committing fraud. ``` Original Word: ψευδής, ές Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: pseudés Phonetic Spelling: (psyoo-dace') Definition: lying, false Usage: false, deceitful, lying, untrue. ``` ``` Original Word: ψεύδομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: pseudomai Phonetic Spelling: (psyoo'-dom-ahee) Definition: to lie Usage: I deceive, lie, speak falsely. from pseudō, "to falsify, lie") – properly, lie (falsify), willfully misrepresent (mislead). Middle voice of an apparently primary verb; to utter an untruth or attempt to deceive by falsehood -- falsely, lie. ``` ``` ψεύδω • (pseúdō) Verb (active) to lie, deceive (middle, indirect reflexive) to lie for one's own benefit, cheat by lies (passive) to be lied to, be cheated (non-agentive) to be mistaken, be wrong. ``` ψευδής • (pseudḗs) m or f (neuter ψευδές); third declension Adjective lying, false, untrue deceived, beguiled. From the root of ψεύδω (“to lie”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix). SUFFIX -ής Forms third-declension adjectives with stems in -εσ- ψεύτικος ψέμα • (pséma) n (plural ψέματα) lie, that which is "the lie". From Byzantine Greek ψεῦμα (pseûma), from Koine Greek ψεῦσμα, a derivative of Ancient Greek ψεύδω with suffix -μα (a thing). ψεύδος lie, falsehood, untruth, stammering, mendacity. ψεύδομαι • (psévdomai) deponent found only in the present and imperfect tenses Passive, verb. lie, tell lies. ψεύδομαι • (pseúdomai) Verb first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of ψεύδω (pseúdō) _________________________________________ SYNONYMS ``` καλπικός εσφαλμένος πλαστός κεκρυμμένος μυστικός ``` ``` Latent Concealed Deceptive Untrue Disobedient ``` ``` ἀπειθῶν not obeying V-PPA-NMS Original Word: ἀπειθέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: apeitheó Phonetic Spelling: (ap-i-theh'-o) Definition: to disobey Usage: I disobey, rebel, am disloyal, refuse conformity. apeithéō – literally, refuse to be persuaded (by the Lord). ``` Original Word: ἀπείθεια, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: apeitheia Phonetic Spelling: (ap-i'-thi-ah) Definition: disobedience Usage: willful unbelief, obstinacy, disobedience. apeítheia(from 1 /A "not" and 3982 /peíthō, "persuaded") – properly, someone not persuaded, referring to their willful unbelief, i.e. the refusal to be convinced by God's voice. This is the core-meaning of the entire word-family: 543 (apeítheia), 544 (apeithéō), 545 (apeithḗs). All these cognates focus on man's decision to reject God's offers of faith, i.e. refusal to be persuaded in their heart concerning obeying His will (Word). Original Word: ἀπειθής, ές Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: apeithés Phonetic Spelling: (ap-i-thace') Definition: disobedient Usage: unbelieving, disobedient, who will not be persuaded. Cognate: 545 apeithḗs (an adjective) – literally, unwilling to be persuaded (by God) which shows itself in outward disobedience (outward spiritual rebellion); disobedient because unpersuaded. 545 /apeithḗs ("unpersuaded") begins with the decision to reject what God prefers, with His offer to persuade about His preferred-will (cf. 2307 /thélēma). See 543 (apeitheia). [Note the root, 3982 /peíthō ("persuade").] _________________________________________ SYNONYM πλαστός • (plastós) m (feminine πλαστή, neuter πλαστό) invented, artificial false, spurious, fictitious, counterfeit. κᾰλῠ́πτω • (kalúptō) Verb to cover to cover, conceal to cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over to put over as a covering. from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) *ḱel- to cover. Related to Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”) Related to Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”) similar with Ancient Greek κρύπτω κρύπτω • (krúptō) to hide, cover. to conceal, obscure. From Ancient Greek: κολεός Κᾰλῠψώ • (Kalupsṓ) f (genitive Κᾰλῠψοῦς); third declension Calypso Probably from κᾰλῠ́πτω (“I hide”): “she who conceals”. (Greek mythology) Calypso (a nymph who ruled the island of Ogygia, on whose shores Odysseus was shipwrecked, whereupon she detained and entertained him for seven years, bearing him the two sons Nausithoüs and Nausinoüs) probably derived from κᾰλῠ́πτω (“I hide”), thus “she who conceals”. ``` κέλυφος • (kélyfos) n (plural κελύφη) shell (of mollusks, crustaceans, etc) eggshell nutshell shell, casing (around instrument or mechanism) ``` Latin: clam (“secretly”) Latin: cilium (“eyelid”) κολεός • (koleós) m (genitive κολεοῦ); second declension Noun a sword-sheath, a scabbard a cinerary urn (in the form κουλεός) the sheath of the heart, the pericardium. From the Proto-Indo-European *ḱéleti, from *ḱel- (“to cover”) from Latin color, from Old Latin colos (“covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”). Akin to Latin cēlō (“I hide, conceal”) From Old English hīw (“color”) Hue. hīw n form, appearance, colour. From Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“shape, form, appearance, blee”) Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, hide, beauty, splendour”) Old Norse hý (“down of birds”) from Proto-Indo-European *kew- (“skin, complexion”) Also from hīw f fortune. From Old English - blēo n colour Ne mihte nān mann seċġan hwilċes blēos hē sīe. Couldn't nobody say what color he is. complexion. _________________________________________ ANTONYMS πείθω and ἀληθής Opposite of πείθω Verb I convince or persuade as to the fact of the matter. From Proto-Hellenic *péitʰō From earlier *pʰéitʰō from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti. ``` *péitʰō Verb to believe, to trust to obey to convince, to persuade. ``` ``` ἀληθής (“true”) ᾰ̓ληθής • (alēthḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓ληθές); third declension Adjective (of things) true, real, genuine (of people) truthful, honest. Antonym - ψευδής (“false, untrue”) ``` ἀλήθεια • (alḗtheia) f (genitive ἀληθείας); first declension Noun not a lie, truth. From ἀληθής (“true”) +‎ -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix) ᾰ̓ληθῶς • (alēthôs) Adverb truly, verily (adverb of ἀληθής) Adverb from ἀληθής (“true”) +‎ -ως (adverb) SUFFIX -ως Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs. ἀ- (not) + ληθ- (hidden) + -ης (adjective) → ᾰ̓ληθής (not concealed) From Koine Greek: λήθω (“to lurk, lie hid, be concealed”) λήθω • (lḗthō) Verb Alternative form of λανθάνω (lanthánō) used especially in compounds. From Proto-Indo-European *lh₂-n-dʰ- From *leh₂- (“to be hidden, be covered”). *l̥h₂-tós (“hidden”) From Italic: *latēō (“be hidden”) From Latin - lateō (present infinitive latēre, perfect active latuī); second conjugation, no passive Verb I am concealed or in hiding, lurk, skulk. Latet anguis in herbā. ― A snake hides in the grass. Sub nōmine pācis bellum latet. ― War lurks under the name of peace. I am hidden and in safety. I keep out of sight. I live in concealment; live retired. I escape notice, remain unknown. Bene quī latuit, bene vīxit. ― He who has well remained unknown has lived well. I am obscure or unknown, lie hidden. Id quā ratiōne cōnsecūtus sit latet. ― It is unknown how he obtained that. From English - latent (not comparable) From Latin - lateo (“lie hidden”) Existing or present but concealed or inactive. (concealed): hidden, invisible (inactive): dormant. (pathology, of a virus) remaining in an inactive or hidden phase; dormant. (biology) lying dormant or hidden until circumstances are suitable for development or manifestation. From Hittite - 𒌋𒆷𒂊 • (u-la-e) To hide. αναλήθεια • (analítheia) f (plural αναλήθειες) lie, falsehood Synonym: ψέμα (pséma) αναληθής (analithís, “untrue, false”, adjective) αναληθής • (analithís) m (feminine αναληθής, neuter αναληθές) Adjective untrue, false mendacious. αναλήθεια f ("lie, untruth”) ψευδολόγος • (psevdológos) m (feminine ψευδολόγος, neuter ψευδολόγο) Adjective untrue, false mendacious. From ψευδής (“false”) +‎ λέγω (“to say”) +‎ -ος SUFFIX -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Added to the zero-grade. ‎ἔπᾰθον (“I experienced”, aorist) + ‎-ος → ‎πᾰ́θος (“experience, emotion”) Added to the e-grade. ‎μείρομαι (“to receive as one's portion”) + ‎-ος → ‎μέρος (“part”) ___________________________________________ OLD ENGLISH (antonym) ``` From Old English - bīdan from which Old English bīdan (English bide). to wait, to wait for He geþyldum bad. He waited patiently. to stay, to remain Mere stille bad. The sea remained calm. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”). From Proto-Germanic *bīdaną to wait (+genitive) to wait for, to await. From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”). *bʰéydʰeti (imperfective) to trust. *bʰeydʰ- (imperfective) to compel, force to trust. ``` From Latin: fīdus From Italic: *feiðos faithful, reliable. *feiðō trust. ``` From English - trust Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality. Dependence upon something in the future; hope. Confidence in the future payment for goods or services supplied; credit. That which is committed or entrusted; something received in confidence; a charge. That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope. (rare) Trustworthiness, reliability. The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office. (law) The confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another. (law) An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another. (Company) A group of businessmen or traders organised for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees. (Computing) Affirmation of the access rights of a user of a computer system. _____________________________________ LATIN fallo m (plural falli) fault, error. ``` fīdus (feminine fīda, neuter fīdum) Adjective trusty, trustworthy, dependable, credible loyal, faithful steadfast certain, safe. ``` fīdō (present infinitive fīdere, perfect active fīsus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent Verb I trust, put confidence in I rely upon. From Latin - fidēs f (genitive fideī); fifth declension Noun faith, belief (belief without empirical evidence, direct experience, or observation) reliance (act of relying (on) or trusting) confidence, trust (confidence in or reliance on some person or quality) credit (acceptance of the truth of something said or done) loyalty, fidelity, faith (state of demonstrating undivided and constant support for someone or something) good faith (good, honest intentions) honesty (act, quality, or condition of being honest) guarantee, promise (an assurance of something to be done) ______________________________________ GREEK Ancient Greek terms derived from the PIE root *bʰeydʰ- ``` Π πείθω πεῖσις πιθανός πίστις πιστός ``` πειθώ • (peithṓ) f (genitive πειθόος or πειθοῦς); third declension Noun persuasion. Appellative of Πειθώ - from πείθω (“I persuade”). ``` πείθω • (peíthō) Verb (active) I convince, persuade. I succeed through entreaty. I believe, trust in. I trust, rely on. ``` πεῖσῐς • (peîsis) f (genitive πείσεως); third declension Noun persuasion. From πείθω (“I persuade”) +‎ -σῐς (abstract noun) -σῐς Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. πῐθᾰνός • (pithanós) m (feminine πῐθᾰνή, neuter πῐθᾰνόν); first/second declension Adjective persuasive, influential, winning plausible, credible (art) true to nature, natural easy to persuade, credulous obedient, docile. From the root of πείθω (“I persuade”) +‎ -νος (adjective suffix). SUFFIX -νος • (-nos) m (feminine -νη, neuter -νον); first/second declension Added to roots or words to forms adjectives or nouns; often accented on ultima. From Proto-Indo-European *-nós. *(Ø)-nós Creates verbal adjectives from roots. πῐστός • (pistós) m (feminine πῐστή, neuter πῐστόν); first/second declension Adjective (passive) faithful, trusty (active) faithful, believing obedient, loyal. From πιθ- (pith-) (zero-grade of the root of πείθω (peíthō, “to persuade; to trust”)) +‎ -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix). SUFFIX -τος • (-tos) m or f (neuter -τον); second declension Creates verbal adjectives of possibility, either active or passive (accented on the ultima, -τός) δύναμαι > δυνατός can > able (active), doable (passive) διαλῡ́ω > διαλυτός dissolve > dissoluble --------- Creates perfective passive verbal adjectives (usually accented recessively) διαλῡ́ω > διάλυτος dissolve > dissolved --------- Forms adjectives from nouns (accented recessively) δάκρυ > ἀ-δάκρυτος tear > tearless πειστικός • (peistikós) m (feminine πειστική, neuter πειστικό) Adjective persuasive, convincing. Πείσᾰνδρος • (Peísandros) m (genitive Πεισᾰ́νδρου); second declension Proper noun A male given name, equivalent to English Pisander. Compound of πείθω (“to convince”) +‎ ἀνήρ (“a man”). ``` ἀπειθέω • (apeithéō) Verb to disobey. ἀ- (“un-”) +‎ πειθ- (“obey”) +‎ -έω (verb suffix) ἀπῐθέω • (apithéō) Epic form of ἀπειθέω (“to disobey”) ``` _________________________________________ LATIN mendacious (comparative more mendacious, superlative most mendacious) (of a person) Lying, untruthful or dishonest. (of a statement, etc) False or untrue. Borrowed from Middle French mendacieux, from Latin mendācium (“lie, untruth”), from mendāx (“lying”). mendāx (genitive mendācis); third declension deceitful, lying, deceptive, untruthful, false, mendacious, feigned, not real. Derived from mentior (“I lie, deceive”) +‎ -āx (“inclined to”), or from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“to fault”), whence mendum and menda. menda f (genitive mendae); first declension defect, blemish (on the body) mistake, error, blunder. From Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“physical defect, fault”), same source as Old Irish mennar (“blemish, stain”). mentior (present infinitive mentīrī, perfect active mentītus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent (with dative) I lie, deceive Cur es ausus mentiri mihi? How dared you lie to me? c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.5.46 I pretend, feign. Denominal verb from mēns, mentis (“mind”). The meaning "to lie" stems from a semantic shift "to be inventive, have second thoughts" > "to lie, conjure up". ______________________________________ THE SON AS "TRUTH" DESCENDED. The "son" in this sense is the language and the truth it contains in scripture to "warn and advise" succeeding generations of the calamity that can unfold one or a group of people if they do not heed the warnings from history. ``` Original Word: υἱός, οῦ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: huios Phonetic Spelling: (hwee-os') Definition: a son Usage: a son, descendent. ``` 5207 hyiós – properly, a son (by birth or adoption); (figuratively) anyone sharing the same nature as their Father. For the believer, becoming a son of God begins with being reborn (adopted) by the heavenly Father – through Christ (the work of the eternal Son). In the NT, 5207 /hyiós ("son") equally refers to female believers (Gal 3:28). 5207 /hyiós ("son") emphasizes likeness of the believer to the heavenly Father, i.e. resembling His character more and more by living in faith ("God's inwrought persuasons," see 4102 /pístis). 5207 /hyiós ("son") highlights the (legal) right to the Father's inheritance, i.e. as the believer lives in conformity with the Father's nature (purpose). υἱός with the genitive of a person is used of one who depends on another or is his follower: οἱ υἱοί of teachers, equivalent to pupils. υἱός διαβόλου who in thought and action are prompted by the evil one and obey him, Matthew 13:38. _________________________________________ FALSE WHEAT - TARES The "Truth" misrepresented by a deceiver, accuser, misleader, profaner, or a false witness. Original Word: ζιζάνιον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: zizanion Phonetic Spelling: (dziz-an'-ee-on) Definition: zizanium (a kind of darnel resembling wheat) Usage: spurious wheat, darnel; a plant that grows in Palestine which resembles wheat in many ways but is worthless. HELPS Word-studies 2215 zizánion (plural, tares/zizania) – a tare (darnel); (figuratively) a pseudo-believer (false Christian); a fruitless person living without faith from God and therefore is "all show and no go!" ζιζάνιον. ἡ ἐν τῷ σίτῳ αἰρα), zizanium (A. V. tares), a kind of darnel, bastard wheat resembling wheat except that the grains are black. Of uncertain origin; darnel or false grain -- tares. The Parable of the Weeds in the Grain) is one of the parables of Jesus, which appears in Matthew 13:24-13:30. The parable says that during the final judgment, the angels will separate the "sons of the evil one" (the tares or weeds) from the "sons of the kingdom" (the wheat). Matthew 13:24-30 Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field: But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way. But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also. So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares? He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up? But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them. Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn. — Matthew 13:24-30, Holy Bible: King James Version The word translated "tares" in the King James Version is ζιζάνια (zizania), plural of ζιζάνιον (zizanion). This word is thought to mean darnel (Lolium temulentum),[1][2] a ryegrass which looks much like wheat in its early stages of growth.[3] Roman law prohibited sowing darnel among the wheat of an enemy,[3][4] suggesting that the scenario presented here is realistic.[5] Many translations use "weeds" instead of "tares". Matthew 13:36-43 Then Jesus sent the multitudes away, and went into the house. His disciples came to him, saying, "Explain to us the parable of the darnel weeds of the field." He answered them, "He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man, the field is the world; and the good seed, these are the children of the Kingdom; and the darnel weeds are the children of the evil one. The enemy who sowed them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are angels. As therefore the darnel weeds are gathered up and burned with fire; so will it be at the end of this age. The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will gather out of his Kingdom all things that cause stumbling, and those who do iniquity, and will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be weeping and the gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous will shine forth like the sun in the Kingdom of their Father. He who has ears to hear, let him hear. — Matthew 13:36-43, World English Bible DARNEL Lolium temulentum, typically known as darnel, poison darnel, darnel ryegrass or cockle, is an annual plant of the genus Lolium within the family Poaceae. The plant stem can grow up to one meter tall, with inflorescence in the ears and purple grain. It has a global distribution. Darnel usually grows in the same production zones as wheat and was a serious weed of cultivation until modern sorting machinery enabled darnel seeds to be separated efficiently from seed wheat.[1] The similarity between these two plants is so great that in some regions, darnel is referred to as "false wheat".[2] It bears a close resemblance to wheat until the ear appears. — Matthew 13:30 Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn. ``` Mathew 13:38 ὁ δὲ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος· τὸ δὲ καλὸν σπέρμα, οὖτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας· τὰ δὲ ζιζάνιά εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ. ``` The one is the field (people) to be cultivated. The world is the tool for which land is cultivated. The "sons of the kingdom" are the good seed. The "tares" (false wheat) are the sons of the wicked one. poneó (to toil) Original Word: πονηρός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: ponéros Phonetic Spelling: (pon-ay-ros') Definition: toilsome, bad Usage: evil, bad, wicked, malicious, slothful. ponērós (an adjective which is also used substantively, derived from 4192 /pónos, "pain, laborious trouble") – properly, pain-ridden, emphasizing the inevitable agonies (misery) that always go with evil. Original Word: πόνος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: ponos Phonetic Spelling: (pon'-os) Definition: labor Usage: (a) labor, toil, (b) pain, anguish, distress, suffering. from penomai (to toil) From the base of penes; toil, i.e. (by implication) anguish -- pain. penés: one who works for his living Original Word: πένης, ητος, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: penés Phonetic Spelling: (pen'-ace) Definition: one who works for his living Usage: one who works for his living; a laborer, poor man. from penomai (to work for one's daily bread) one who works for his living. From a primary peno (to toil for daily subsistence); starving, i.e. Indigent -- poor. ptóchos: (of one who crouches and cowers, hence) beggarly, poor Original Word: πτωχός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: ptóchos Phonetic Spelling: (pto-khos') Definition: (of one who crouches and cowers, hence) beggarly, poor Usage: poor, destitute, spiritually poor, either in a good sense (humble devout persons) or bad. ptōxós (from ptōssō, "to crouch or cower like a beggar") – properly, bent over; (figuratively) deeply destitute, completely lacking resources (earthly wealth) – i.e. helpless as a beggar. 4434 (ptōxós) relates to "the pauper rather than the mere peasant, the extreme opposite of the rich" CHAFF Chaff as a waste product from grain processing leads to a metaphorical use of the term, to refer to something seen as worthless. This is commonly used in the expression "to separate the wheat from the chaff" from Matthew 3:12 which says: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.[9] Compare also the "Parable of the Tares", which refers to a mixture of wheat and tares (a kind of weed). Another example is in Psalm 1:4 of the Bible, which says: The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away. (KJV) _______________________________________ Origen's commentary Good things in the human soul are the offspring of the kingdom of God and have been sown by God the Word so that wholesome words about anything are children of the kingdom. But while men are asleep who do not act according to the command of Jesus, "Watch and pray that you enter not into temptation", (Matthew 26:41) the devil sows evil opinions over and among natural conceptions. In the whole world the Son of man sowed the good seed, but the wicked one tares—that is, evil words. At the end of things there will be a harvest, in order that the angels may gather up the bad opinions that have grown upon the soul, and may give them over to fire. Then those who become conscious that they have received the seeds of the evil one in themselves shall wail and be angry against themselves; for this is the gnashing of teeth. (Acts 7:54) Then above all shall the righteous shine, no longer differently as at the first, but all "as one sun in the kingdom of their Father.” (Matthew 13:43) Daniel, knowing that the multitudes of the righteous differ in glory, have said this, "And the intelligent shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and from among the multitudes of the righteous as the stars for ever and ever." (Daniel 12:3) And in the passage, "There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differs from another star in glory: so also is the resurrection of the dead" (1Corinthians 15:41-15:42), the Apostle says the same thing. I think, then, that at the beginning of the blessedness enjoyed by those who are being saved the difference connected with the light takes place. Perhaps the saying, "Let your light shine before men" (Matthew 5:16), can be written upon the table of the heart in a threefold way; so that even now the light of the disciples of Jesus shines before the rest of men, and after death before the resurrection, and after the resurrection until "all shall attain unto a full-grown man" (Ephesians 4:13), and all become one sun.[7]

Answer 199

PASSION - DESIRE - UNREST - ANGUISH ``` Original Word: ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: orgé Phonetic Spelling: (or-gay') Definition: impulse, wrath Usage: anger, wrath, passion; punishment, vengeance. ``` orgḗ (from orgáō, "to teem, swelling up to constitutionally oppose") – properly, settled anger (opposition), i.e. rising up from an ongoing (fixed) opposition. orgḗ ("settled anger") proceeds from an internal disposition which steadfastly opposes someone or something based on extended personal exposure, i.e. solidifying what the beholder considers wrong (unjust, evil). Orgē comes from the verb oragō meaning, 'to teem, to swell'; and thus implies that it is not a sudden outburst, but rather (referring to God's) fixed, controlled, passionate feeling against sin . . . a settled indignation. anger. In Biblical Greek anger, wrath, indignation (on the distinction between it and θυμός (smoke) that in God which stands opposed to man's disobedience, obduracy (especially in resisting the gospel) and sin, and manifests itself in punishing the same. σκεύη ὀργῆς, vessels into which wrath will be poured. From oregomai; properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e. (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implication punishment -- anger, indignation, vengeance, wrath. Original Word: ὀρέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: oregó Phonetic Spelling: (or-eg'-om-ahee) Definition: to stretch out, to reach after, to yearn for Usage: I stretch forth, mid: I hanker after, long for, am eager for, aspire to. 3713 orégomai ("a primitive verb," NAS Dictionary) – properly, stretch towards; (figuratively) strongly inclined to (pulled towards); aspire to; desire to attain (acquire), reach to. 3713 /orégomai ("aspire, stretch towards") is always in the Greek middle voice meaning, "stretching oneself out." This emphasizes the personal desire of the subject, focusing on what the object personally means to the subject (cf. Vine/Unger, White, NT). [J. Thayer, "The middle voice literally means 'to stretch oneself out in order to touch or grasp something.' "] to stretch oneself out in order to touch or to grasp something, to reach after or desire something ________________________________________ ``` From - ὄρος Original Word: ὄρος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: oros Phonetic Spelling: (or'-os) Definition: a mountain Usage: a mountain, hill. ``` ὄρος, ὄρους, τό (ὈΡΩ, ὄρνυμι (i. e. a rising; see orthroi])) (from Homer down), the Sept. for הַר, a mountain. plural ὄρη ὄρη μεθιστάνειν a proverb. phrase, used also by rabbinical writings, to remove mountains, i. e. to accomplish most difficult, stupendous, incredible things. Probably from an obsolete oro (to rise or "rear"; perhaps akin to airo; compare ornis); a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain): -hill, mount(-ain). ``` Original Word: ὄρνις, ιθος, ὁ, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: ornis Phonetic Spelling: (or'-nis) Definition: a bird, a rooster or hen Usage: a bird, fowl, hen. ``` Probably from a prolonged form of the base of oros; a bird (as rising in the air), i.e. (specially), a hen (or female domestic fowl) -- hen. ``` αἴρω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: airó Phonetic Spelling: (ah'-ee-ro) Definition: to raise, take up, lift Usage: I raise, lift up, take away, remove. ``` 1. to raise up; a. to raise from the ground, take up: stones, John 8:59; serpents, Mark 16:18; a dead body, Acts 20:9. to take upon oneself and carry what has been raised, to bear:

Answer 200

SEAT OF EMOTION - TEMPERAMENT CREATURE - (made from dust, smoke) ``` θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) Noun soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”) Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) Lithuanian dūmas ``` Latin fūmus fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension Noun smoke, steam indication, sign fumus boni iuris ― sign of good law‎ ``` Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ). Old English - from Old English smoca (“smoke”) (uncountable, figuratively) A fleeting illusion; something insubstantial, evanescent, unreal, transitory, or without result. (uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material. ________________________________________ Proto-Hellenic: *tʰūmós *tʰūmós m vapour (?), breath soul, spirit Ancient Greek: θῡμός (“spirit”) Greek: θυμός (“anger”) ___________________________________ anger (v.) c. 1200, "to irritate, annoy, provoke," from Old. Norse angra "to grieve, vex, distress; to be vexed at, take offense with," from Proto-Germanic *angaz source also of Old English enge "narrow, painful" Middle Dutch enghe, Gothic aggwus "narrow" from PIE *anghos, suffixed form of root *angh- "tight, painfully constricted, painful." In Middle English, also of physical pain. Meaning "excite to wrath, make angry" is from late 14c. Related: Angered; angering. anger (n.) mid-13c., "hostile attitude, ill will, surliness" (also "distress, suffering; anguish, agony," a sense now obsolete), from Old Norse angr "distress, grief, sorrow, affliction," from Proto-Germanic *angaz (from PIE root *angh- "tight, painfully constricted, painful"). Cognate with German Angst. Sense of "rage, wrath" is early 14c. From the sense of oppression, or injury, the expression was transferred to the feelings of resentment naturally aroused in the mind of the person aggrieved. In the same way, the word harm signifies injury, damage in English, and resentment, anger, vexation in Swedish. The idea of injury is very often expressed by the image of pressure, as in the word oppress, or the Fr. grever, to bear heavy on one. [Wedgwood] Old Norse also had angr-gapi "rash, foolish person;" angr-lauss "free from care;" angr-lyndi "sadness, low spirits." _________________________________________ vex (v.) early 15c., from Old French vexer "vex, harass" (14c.), from Latin vexare "to shake, jolt, toss violently;" figuratively "attack, harass, trouble, annoy," from vexus, collateral form of vectus, past participle of vehere "to draw, carry" (from PIE root *wegh- "to go, move, transport in a vehicle"). Related: Vexed; vexing. From *wegh- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to go, move, transport in a vehicle." The root wegh-, "to convey, especially by wheeled vehicle," is found in virtually every branch of Indo-European, including now Anatolian. The root, as well as other widely represented roots such as aks- and nobh-, attests to the presence of the wheel -- and vehicles using it -- at the time Proto-Indo-European was spoken. [Watkins, p. 96] It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vahati "carries, conveys," vahitram, vahanam "vessel, ship;" Avestan vazaiti "he leads, draws;" Greek okhos "carriage, chariot;" Latin vehere "to carry, convey," vehiculum "carriage, chariot;" Old Church Slavonic vesti "to carry, convey," vozŭ "carriage, chariot;" Russian povozka "small sled;" Lithuanian vežu, vežti "to carry, convey," važis "a small sled;" Old Irish fecht "campaign, journey," fen "carriage, cart;" Welsh gwain "carriage, cart;" Old English wegan "to carry;" Old Norse vegr, Old High German weg "way;" Middle Dutch wagen "wagon." ___________________________________ ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (athūmíā) f (genitive ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension lack of heart, faintheartedness, despondency. ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ θῡμός (thūmós, “spirit”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix) _________________________________________ *dʰuh₂mós m (non-ablauting) smoke From *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) +‎ *-mós. *dʰewh₂- smoke mist, haze. ``` From Irish: dúil (“desire”) dúil f (genitive singular dúile) desire, like, hankering, appetite expectation, hope dúil f (genitive singular dúile, nominative plural dúile) ``` element (simplest or essential part or principle of anything; simplest chemical substance; basic building blocks in ancient philosophy) Synonyms: eilimint, uraiceacht (in plural) the elements (atmospheric forces) a Dhia na ndúl ― O God of Nature Thug sé Dia agus dúile. ― He swore by God and the elements. ó Dhia is ó dhúile ― from God and the elements creature, being dúil dhaonna ― a human creature dúil ainglí ― an angelic being dúil bheo ― a living thing An dúil de dhéithe í? ― Is she a being from the gods? dúil dár dhligh searc ― a being who deserved to be loved Synonyms: créatúr, neach. CREATURE From Irish - créatúr m (genitive singular créatúir, nominative plural créatúir) creature, created thing (in expressions of sympathy) poor creature, poor thing (contemptuously) (good for nothing) creature. From Middle Irish crétúir (compare Manx cretoor), from Latin creātūra (“created thing; creature”). From Latin - creātūra f (genitive creātūrae); first declension (Late Latin) A created thing; creature. Creation. Substantivization of the feminine future participle form of creō (“I create, make”). ``` From English - creature (chiefly a non-human animal or being) Borrowed from Late Latin creātūra from Latin creō. creatura f creature, living being a newborn child. ``` From Old Latin - criatura f (plural criaturas) creature, beast person. Synonyms (creature) : animal, besta, bicho, ser vivo (person) : pessoa, ser humano, homem, humano. ``` BEAST From Latin - besta f (plural bestas) beast (any large animal) beast of burden (animal used to transport cargo) ass (any of several species of horse-like animals) (derogatory) fool; idiot (stupid person) (euphemistic) the Beast; Satan (by extension) a monster. ``` MONSTER LATIN - mōnstrum n (genitive mōnstrī); second declension a divine omen indicating misfortune, an evil omen, portent (metonymically) a monster, monstrosity, whether in size or character (figuratively) a thing that evokes fear and wonder. From moneō (“advise, warn”) +‎ -trum (suffix forming instrument nouns). moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation I warn, advise I remind. From Proto-Italic *moneō, from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”). *moneō to remind, to warn. From Proto-Indo-European *mon-éye- causative from *men- *men- to think, mind. spiritual activity. From Celtic: *manyetor *manyetor to think. From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-yé-tor, present deponent of *men- (“think”). THINK From English - think (transitive) To ponder, to go over in one's head. (intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one's mind, to try to find a solution to a problem. (intransitive) To conceive of something or someone. (transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as. (transitive) To guess; to reckon. To plan; to be considering; to be of a mind (to do something). Norwegian Nynorsk tenkja (“to think”), Icelandic þekkja (“to know, recognise, identify, perceive”), Latin tongeō (“know”). from Old English þencan, þenċan, þenċean (“to think”), from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to think, suppose, perceive”), from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think, feel, know”). Latin - tongeō (present infinitive tongēre); second conjugation, no perfect (transitive, rare) I know From Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think”). Germanic: *þankaz (“thought, remembrance, gratitude”) Germanic: *þankijaną (“to think”) ____________________________________________ WARN - ADVISE warn (third-person singular simple present warns, present participle warning, simple past and past participle warned) (transitive) To make (someone) aware of (something impending); especially: (transitive) To make (someone) aware of impending danger, evil, etc. [from 11th c.] (transitive) To notify or inform (someone, about something). (transitive) To summon (someone) to or inform of a formal meeting or duty. (transitive, intransitive, of a clock, possibly obsolete) To make a sound (e.g. clicking or whirring) indicating that it is about to strike or chime (an hour). (transitive) To caution or admonish (someone) against unwise or unacceptable behaviour. [from 11th c.] (chiefly with "off", "away", and similar words) To advise or order to go or stay away. (intransitive) To give warning. From Middle English warnen, warnien (“to warn; admonish”), from Old English warnian (“to take heed; warn”), from Proto-Germanic *warnōną (“to warn; take heed”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to be aware; give heed”). From Proto-Italic *werēōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “see”) < ϝοράω (woráō), and English aware [1] and wary. vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent I have respect for, revere, stand in awe. I am afraid, fear; dread. From Proto-Italic *werēōr be wary. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *wer- Etymology 1 *wer- to cover, heed, notice Etymology 2 *wer- to burn. Hittite: 𒉿𒊏 (wa-ar, “to burn”) ``` Germanic: *warduz (“guard, keeper”) Germanic: *waraz (“cautious”) Germanic: *warjaną (“ward off”) Germanic: *warnōną (“warn”) Germanic: *warnijaną (“worry, care, heed”) Germanic: *warōną (“to watch, to protect”) ____________________________________________ SANSKRIT Sanskrit: धूलि (dhūli, “dust”) ____________________________________________ GREEK Hellenic: Ancient Greek: ὁράω (“see”) Ancient Greek: ὁρατός (“visible”) Ancient Greek: ὅρασις ( “seeing, vision”) Ancient Greek: ὅραμα (“sight, spectacle”) Ancient Greek: ?οὖρος (“watcher, guardian”) Ancient Greek: ?ὤρα (“care, concern”) Cognate with οὖρος (“watcher, guardian”) From - ὄρος • (óros) n (genitive ὄρεος or ὄρους); third declension a mountain, hill mountain chain district, sector, precinct, parish. Either from ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I raise”), or possibly directly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₃eros. ``` ὄρνῡμῐ • (órnūmi) Verb to set upon, let loose upon, move on to awaken, arouse to raise, excite to stir up, encourage, exhort, cheer on. From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, spring”). ``` ὦρτο • (ôrto) (Epic) third-person singular aorist middle indicative of ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi) ________________________________________ LATIN orior (present infinitive orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent I rise, get up. I appear, become visible. I am born, come to exist, originate. From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti). _________________________________________ SANSKRIT ऋणोति • (ṛṇóti) (root ऋ, class 5 P) (Vedic ṛṇáuti) to go, move to rise, to tend upwards. from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti, from *h₃er- (“to move, rise, spring”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅈𒉡𒍖𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi) Cognates Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ __________________________________________ HITTITE 𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 • (ar-nu-uz-zi) (third-person present singular) to send, address

Answer 201

COMPREHEND - UNDERSTAND καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) simple past - κατάλαβα Verb understand, realise. κατανοώ • (katanoó) (simple past κατανόησα) Verb understand. Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words. ______________________________________ Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning... this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (“to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). _____________________________________ ``` λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (simple past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι) Verb get, receive take (figuratively) understand, get. ``` λαβαίνω • (lavaíno) simple past - έλαβα Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno) _________________________________________ ανακαταλαμβάνω (“to recapture”) αντιλαμβάνομαι (“to realise”) απολαμβάνω (“to enjoy”) επαναλαμβάνω (“to repeat”) καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (“to seize, to acquire sovereignty”) λαμβάνω χώρα ("take place”) _____________________________________ λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) Verb I take I TAKE HOLD OF, GRASP, SIEZE. ἡ δ᾽ ἔλαβεν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα and she took the whip and bright reins. χειρὶ δὲ χεῖρα λαβόντες clasping his hand in theirs. TAKE BY FORCE, PLUNDER εἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἀροίμεθά κε κλέος ἐσθλόν. Could we but take these twain, we should win us goodly renown. EXACT PUNISHMENT καὶ ταύτην ἔλαβον τὴν δίκην and I exacted that punishment. (of emotions) I SEIZE Ἀτρεΐωνα δ᾽ ἔπειτα χόλος λάβεν thereafter anger seized the son of Atreus. (of a god) I POSSESS ὅτι βακχεύομεν καὶ ἡμέας ὁ θεὸς λαμβάνει because we play the Bacchant and the god possesses us. (of darkness, etc.) I COVER κνέφας δὲ τέμενος αἰθέρος λάβῃ and darkness had covered the region of the sky I CATCH, OVERTAKE ἔνθ᾽ υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω λάβε Then took he two sons of Priam. I CATCH, DISCOVER, DETECT λαμφθῆναι γὰρ τινὰ φασὶ μισγόμενον νεκρῷ προσφάτῳ γυναικός For it is said that one was caught having intercourse with the fresh corpse of a woman. I BIND (under oath) ὥσπερ μ᾽ ἀραῖον ἔλαβες, ὧδ᾽, ἄναξ, ἐρῶ. As you have bound me under oath, my king, I will speak. I KEEP τὴν Ἴδην δὲ λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χεῖρα keeping Ida on the left I TAKE (food or drugs) τὸν σικυόν φησι μετὰ σιτίων ἐν πρώτοις λαμβανόμενον ἐνοχλεῖν. [he] says that cucumber, if it is taken with the sium in the first course, makes the eater uncomfortable. I PERCEIVE, UNDERSTAND ταῦτα ἐπιλεξάμενος […] καὶ νόῳ λαβὼν ὥς οἱ εὖ ὑπετίθετο Ἄμασις. reading this, and perceiving that Amasis' advice was good. οἱ γὰρ χρησμολόγοι ταύτῃ ταῦτα ἐλάμβανον. for the readers of oracles took the verses to mean [that] […] (logic) I ASSUME, TAKE FOR GRANTED, I UNDERTAKE […] ἐπιχείρησιν ταύτην μὴ οὕτω συντάχυνε ἀβούλως, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸ σωφρονέστερον αὐτὴν λάμβανε. don not hurry this undertaking without thinking, but take it up more prudently. I RECEIVE, GET ἂψ ὅ γε τὴν ἀπέλυσε λαβὼν ἀπερείσι᾽ ἄποινα but thereafter set her free, when he had received ransom past counting. ἦ τ᾽ ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν. surely it were that I should win the first prize. τίς οὗτος ἔσται, τίς παραρρίψει, τέκνα, τοιαῦτ᾽ ὀνείδη λαμβάνων. who shall be the man, my daughters, to risk suffering reproach […] I RECEIVE HOSPITALITY ἥ με λαβοῦσα ἐνδυκέως ἐφίλει. She took me to her home with kindly welcome I receive in marriage. δοκέων αὐτὴν μᾶλλον λάμψεσθαι ἢν ταῦτα ποιήσῃ. for he thought that by doing so he would be most likely to win her. I CONCEIVE, I ADMIT 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.81: ὁ μέγας δὲ κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει. Great danger does not admit of a coward. (of emotions) 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.461: εἰς ὅ κεν αὖτις θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λάβητε. until you once again take heart. ὁρῶ τιν᾽ ὑμᾶς ὀμμάτων εἰληφότας φόβον νεώρη τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου. I see from your eyes that you feel a sudden fear at my coming. (middle) I TAKE HOLD OF ἀλλὰ μεθορμηθεὶς ἐνὶ κύμασιν ἐλλάβετ᾽ αὐτῆς. but sprang after [his raft] amid the waves, and took hold of it. I LAY HANDS UPON I FIND FAULT WITH, CENSURE. I CHECK MYSELF. _______________________________________ ᾰ̓νᾰλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (analambánō) From ᾰ̓νᾰ- (“up, again, back”) +‎ λαμβάνω (“take”). (transitive) take up (physically, transitive) take in one's hands (figuratively, transitive) take up subjects in turn 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 87e: σκεψώμεθα δὴ καθ’ ἕκαστον ἀναλαμβάνοντες ποῖά ἐστιν ἃ ἡμᾶς ὠφελεῖ. skepsṓmetha dḕ kath’ hékaston analambánontes poîá estin hà hēmâs ōpheleî. Now let us consider, taking each in turn, what are the sort of things that benefit us. (transitive) take back (transitive) regain, recover (transitive) restore, repair (transitive) resume _______________________________________ ἐπῐλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (epilambánō) From ἐπῐ- (“upon”) +‎ λᾰμβᾰ́νω (“I take, receive”). I take or get besides. 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1259a.28: ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως ἐπὶ τοῖς πεντήκοντα ταλάντοις ἐπέλαβεν ἑκατόν all᾽ hómōs epì toîs pentḗkonta talántois epélaben hekatón but all the same he took a hundred talents besides his capital of fifty I take, receive I lay hold of, seize, attack 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.115.3: ἐπιλαβὼν δὲ λοιμός τε τὸν στρατὸν καὶ δυσεντερίη κατ᾽ ὁδὸν ἔφθειρε. epilabṑn dè loimós te tòn stratòn kaì dusenteríē kat᾽ hodòn éphtheire. Moreover, pestilence and dysentry laid hold of them among their way, from which they died. (of events) I overtake, surprise; I befall 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.27.1: καὶ ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ σφῶν χειμὼν τὴν φυλακὴν ἐπιλάβοι kaì ededoíkesan mḕ sphôn kheimṑn tḕn phulakḕn epiláboi and feared lest winter should overtake them in their siege I reach 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.5.6: ἔθαπτον τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὁπόσους ἐπελάμβανεν ἡ στρατιά éthapton tòn autòn trópon hopósous epelámbanen hē stratiá and then in the same way they buried all that the army reached I seize, stop 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 703: τὴν ῥῖν᾽ ἐπιλαβοῦσ᾽ tḕn rhîn᾽ epilaboûs᾽ stopping her nose I occupy 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 779c: καὶ ὅπως ἰδιώτης μηδεὶς μηδὲν τῶν τῆς πόλεως […] ἐπιλήψεται kaì hópōs idiṓtēs mēdeìs mēdèn tôn tês póleōs […] epilḗpsetai and prevent any private person from encroaching on State property […] (with genitive) I undertake 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 5.18 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 13.19 (intransitive) I succeed, follow 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 860a.7 (middle, with genitive) I hold on by, lay hold of, catch at 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.113.2: καὶ ἐπελαμβάνοντο τῶν νεῶν kaì epelambánonto tôn neôn and [they] laid hold of the [Persian] ships 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.114: ἐπιλαμβανόμενος τῶν ἀφλάστων νεός, τὴν χεῖρα ἀποκοπεὶς πελέκεϊ πίπτει epilambanómenos tôn aphlástōn neós, tḕn kheîra apokopeìs pelékeï píptei his hand cut off with an ax as he held on by the ship's figurehead 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.91.2: ἐπιλαμβανόμενος δὲ τῶν ἐπισπαστήρων εἴχετο epilambanómenos dè tôn epispastḗrōn eíkheto he laid hold of the door handles and clung to them I attack 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.2.22: ἐπελάβοντο δὲ καὶ Κορινθίων ἀναχωρούντων. epelábonto dè kaì Korinthíōn anakhōroúntōn. The Lacedaemonians also attacked the Corinthians as they were returning. I arrest, seize 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Apatourius 9: ὁ Παρμένων ἐξαγομένων τῶν παίδων ἐπιλαμβάνεται ho Parménōn exagoménōn tôn paídōn epilambánetai Parmeno […] seized the slaves as they were being taken away I get hold of, obtain 484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 1 127.1: μέν νυν προστάτεω ἐπιλαβόμενοι ἄσμενοὶ ἐλευθεροῦντο mén nun prostáteō epilabómenoi ásmenoì eleutheroûnto and now having got a champion they were glad to win their freedom I reach (a place) 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Mark Antony 41: ἐκέλευε φεύγειν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐπιλαβόμενον ekéleue pheúgein en dexiâi tôn orôn epilabómenon and urged him in his flight to keep close to the hills upon his right I touch on 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 449d: ἐπειδὴ ἄλλης ἐπιλαμβάνῃ πολιτείας epeidḕ állēs epilambánēi politeías since you are beginning on another constitution I interrupt 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 214e.μεταξὺ ἐπιλαβοῦ, ἂν βούλῃ: have the goodness to interrupt me I object to 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.1.32: ὅτι μόνος ἐπελάβετο ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ […] ψηφίσματος hóti mónos epelábeto en têi ekklēsíāi […] psēphísmatos because he was the one man who in the Athenian assembly had opposed the decree […] _______________________________________ καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) From κατα- (“against”) +‎ λαμβάνω (“I take”) ``` I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”) αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”) απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”) επαναλαμβάνω (epanalamváno, “to repeat”) καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”) λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”) _______________________________________ λαβή • (laví) f (plural λαβές) handle hilt grip, handgrip, handhold, grasp. _______________________________________ ληπτός • (lēptós) m (feminine ληπτή, neuter ληπτόν); first/second declension Adjective apprehended, taken (later) apprehended by the senses, comprehended (Stoic philosophy) acceptable, not to be refused if offered. ``` From λαμβάνω (“I take”) +‎ -τος -τος (Creates verbal adjectives of possibility) (Forms adjectives from nouns) _______________________________________ ``` πᾰρᾰ́λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (parálambánō) ``` to receive from another. to take upon oneself, undertake. to take in pledge. to receive by hearing or report, to ascertain. to take up, catch up. (with personal accusative) to take to oneself, associate with oneself. to invite. To wait for, intercept. to take prisoner ``` _______________________________________ προλαμβάνω • (prolamváno) (simple past πρόλαβα, passive προλαμβάνομαι) (transitive) forestall, anticipate. From προ- (“before”) +‎ λαμβάνω (“receive”) _______________________________________ προλαβαίνω • (prolavaíno) (simple past πρόλαβα) (transitive) avert, ward off (transitive) avoid, obviate (transitive) catch up. _______________________________________ σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (sullambánō) ``` I collect, gather; I rally. I take with me, carry off. I put together, close, enclose. I combine in pronunciation. I comprise. I take hold of, seize. I apprehend, arrest. I receive at the same time. I comprehend. I take with (e.g. as an assistant) ``` (middle, with genitive of object) I take part in. οἳ δὲ οὐκ ἂν συνελάβοντο τοῦ στρατεύματος τοῦ ἐπὶ Σάμον ταύτης εἵνεκεν τῆς αἰτίης They would not have taken part in the expedition against Samos for this reason. _______________________________________ ῠ̔πολᾰμβᾰ́νω ῠ̔πο- (“under”) +‎ λᾰμβᾰ́νω (“I take”) ``` ῠ̔πολᾰμβᾰ́νω • (hupolambánō) Undertake. I take up. I bear up, support. I take up, seize. I interpret, take (to mean) I accept. ``` __________________________________________ λάζομαι • (lázomai) Verb I seize, grasp I receive. ἀναλάζομαι • (analázomai) Verb I take again. ἔλᾰβον • (élabon) Ve b first-person singular/third-person plural aorist indicative active of λαμβάνω (lambánō): I took or they took. _________________________________ cognates including Old English læċċan læċċan to seize. English - latch From Proto-Germanic *lakjaną (“to seize”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂gʷ- (“to take, seize”).

Answer 202

θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension ``` a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop. ``` Could simply be from τίθημι (“I put, place”) +‎ -σις, or could go back earlier. If so, would be from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from *dʰeh₁- (whence also τίθημι) with cognates including Sanskrit अपिहिति (ápihiti), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬌𐬛𐬍𐬙𐬌‎ (arōidīti), Latin conditiō, and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍃 (gadēds). More at deed. ___________________________________ ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς • (antíthesis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως); third declension opposition, resistance contradiction (rhetoric) antithesis (grammar) change or transposition of a letter From ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (“to set against”) +‎ -σῐς αντίθεση • (antíthesi) f (plural αντιθέσεις) opposite, antithesis opposition. αντίθετος • (antíthetos) m (feminine αντίθετη, neuter αντίθετο) Adjective opposite, backward. αντίθεση f (antíthesi, “contrast”) αντίθετα (antítheta, “on the contrary”) αντικρινός • (antikrinós) m (feminine αντικρινή, neuter αντικρινό) Adjective opposite, facing, across from (noun) (the) opposite. απέναντι • (apénanti) Adverb opposite, on the other side, across, over the way from. απέναντι • (apénanti) (+ genitive) preposition.. opposite to, across. αγνάντια • (agnántia) Adverb opposite αγνάντι • (agnánti) Adverb opposite. αντίθετα • (antítheta) Adverb on the contrary, contrariwise. αντ. • (ant.) Adverb Abbreviation of αντίθετος (antíthetos): opposite, reversed, backward. PREFIX αντ- • (ant-) prefix Alternative form of αντι- (anti-) ``` αντι- • (anti-) Prefix anti-, counter- (expressing: opposition, prevention, the opposite) From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Alternative forms αν (an) + τί (tí) αντ- (ant-) ανθ- (anth-) ``` ``` αν Conjunction If, whether. τι Pronoun What, ``` ___________________________________ ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension Noun (grammar) Insertion of a letter From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (epentíthēmi, “I insert”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis, verbal noun suffix). ``` ἐπεντίθημῐ • (epentíthēmi) Verb I insert (a letter) I put in besides, in addition to. From ἐπι- (epi-) +‎ ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “to put in”), from ἐν- (en-, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”). ``` _________________________________ ``` πᾰρένθεσῐς • (parénthesis) f (genitive πᾰρενθέσεως); third declension Noun a putting in beside, injection insertion (grammar) parenthesis. ``` From πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ (parentíthēmi, “I put in beside, mix up”) +‎ -σις (-sis), from πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “beside”) + ἐν (en, “in”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I put, place”) _____________________________________ σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension Noun a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis (mathematics) addition agreement, treaty collection. From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) +‎ -σῐς -σῐς (forms abstract nouns of action, result or process) ________________________________________ ANTONYM ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension noun a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure. ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις) Noun analysis, interpretation (linguistics) parsing. αναλυτικά (adjective, “analytically”) αναλυτικός (adjective (-ive -al -ic) “analytical”) αναλύομαι (passive - “to be analysed”) ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”) and see: αναλύω (analýo, “to analyse, to analyze”) αναλελυμένος (analelyménos, “analysed”, participle) (formal, ancient) ανάλυμα n (noun, “melt in, dissolve, solution”) αναλυμένος (participle (-ed) “analyzed”, participle) ανάλυση f (object noun (-sis) “analysis”) αναλυτής m (agent noun (-ist) “analyst”) αναλυτά (adverb (-ly) “loosely”) αναλυτικά (adverb (-ly) "analytically, in detail”) αναλυτικός (“analytic”) αναλυτικότητα f (“analyticity”) αναλυτικώς (adjective) "one who is analytic”) αναλυτός (“loosely tied; dissolved”) διαλύω (dialýo, “dissolve”) ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”) and see: λύω (lýo, “untie; solve”) αναλύω • (analýo) (simple past ανέλυσα, ανάλυσα, passive αναλύομαι) Verb analyse (UK), analyze (US), assay (linguistics) parse (by extension) dilute (by extension) psychoanalyse (especially in the passive) Synonym: ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo) λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal) Verb terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form) λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος see imperative λύσατε αναλυτά • (analytá) Adjective or adverb Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of αναλυτός (analytós). Loosely, slackly. ``` αναλυτός • (analytós) m (feminine αναλυτή, neuter αναλυτό) Adjective molten, melted runny (of a honey) thin, watery (of a liquid) loose, untied (of a hair) ``` διαλύω • (dialýo) (simple past διέλυσα, διάλυσα, passive διαλύομαι) Verb dismantle dissolve (solid a solid in a solvent) Διέλυσα 5γρ. ζάχαρη σε λίγο νερό. ― Diélysa 5gr. záchari se lígo neró. ― I dissolved 5g sugar in a little water. disband, dissolve, break up, disperse Η εταιρεία διαλύθηκε. ― I etaireía dialýthike. ― The company disbanded. wreck, break up Μου ζήτησε να χωρίσουμε και διαλύθηκα. ― Mou zítise na chorísoume kai dialýthika. ― He/She asked me for a divorce/separation and I became a wreck.

Answer 203

/perceive/be-aware-of/be-acquainted-with/notice. Often rendered "know" (by seeing/observing) in contrast to "γινώσκω" (know by thinking/reasoning/experiencing).

Answer 204

PERCEPTION - TO BE SEEING (Passive) Often fig: discern/perceive/experience/notice/attend-to and usually rendered "behold" when aorist-imperative. Distinct from... "οἶδα" (know-by-seeing) "βλεπω" (see/look-at) ________________________________________ ὁράω • (horáō) Verb (intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone] (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind (copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb] Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold δεινὸς ἰδεῖν deinòs ideîn horrible to look at (transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something] (transitive) To find out [+indirect question] ὅρᾱ εἰ ... hórā ei ... see if/whether ... (transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that ...] (intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; horâis? horâte? Do you see? (transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone]

Answer 205

THE ACT OF LOOKING - TO LOOK (Active)

Answer 206

THAT WHICH IS SEEN That which is seen. The thing seen or looked at. Objective, aspect, appearance of a person or thing. "Countenance" Face. Appearance, especially the look or expression of the face. the face; visage. calm facial expression; composure. approval or favor; encouragement; moral support.

Answer 207

EYE - THE ORGAN OF SIGHT

Answer 208

A PHILOSOPHIC VIEW θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension Noun view, sight. A way of understanding something, an opinion, a theory. _________________________ MIDDLE ENGLISH vewe (plural vewes) NOUN A inspection, checkup, or examination, especially a legally ordained one. (Late Middle English) A scheduled minor court held in a local administrative district. (rare) A view or perspective. (rare) A stare, glance or look. (rare, Late Middle English) oversight, overseeing, direction, instruction (rare, Late Middle English) One's focus; what one is concentrating on. ___________________________ LATIN vedere ``` to see to look at to find out to meet to visit to grasp (an idea) ```

Answer 209

VOX - VOICE ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (poetic) voice Homer, Iliad 16.76 (poetic) word Homer, Iliad 7.53 Not to be confused with ὄψ.

Answer 210

ὄψομαι • (ópsomai) first-person singular future indicative middle of ὁράω. ``` Englishman's Concordance ὄψομαι (opsomai) — 2 Occurrences John 16:22 V-FIM-1S GRK: πάλιν δὲ ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς καὶ INT: again however I will see you and ``` Hebrews 13:23 V-FIM-1S GRK: τάχιον ἔρχηται ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς INT: sooner he should come I will see you ὄψομαι Verb, fut midd dep indic, 1 s - ὁράω ὁραω trans see, observe, perceive, recognise; intrans make sure, see to; pass. appear [Strongs 3708]

Answer 211

AWARE - CARE - CONCERN - GUARD ATTENTION - HEED ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension Noun care, concern

Answer 212

TO DO - TO NOT DO

Answer 213

COMPREHEND χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic) (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] _____________________________ LATIN hedera f (genitive hederae); first declension Noun ivy. hedera (plural hederas) Noun (horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera. From the genus name Hedera, in turn from Latin hedera (“ivy”) From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”), the same source as Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to get, grasp”). Hedera f Proper noun A taxonomic genus within the family Araliaceae – the ivies. ``` (genus): Hedera helix - type species; Hedera algeriensis, Hedera azorica, Hedera canariensis, Hedera caucasigena, Hedera colchica, Hedera hibernica, Hedera iberica, Hedera maderensis, Hedera maroccana, Hedera nepalensis, Hedera pastuchovii, Hedera rhombea, Hedera taurica - species _____________________________ GRASP ``` To understand. I have never been able to grasp the concept of infinity. (understand): comprehend, fathom. Borrowed from Latin comprehendere (“to grasp”), from the prefix com- + prehendere (“to seize”). From prae- (“before”) +‎ *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; akin to Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”), and English get. Compare praeda (“prey”) (earlier praeheda) and hedera (“ivy”). prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehensum); third conjugation I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of I take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp *hendō (present infinitive *hendere, perfect active *hendī, supine *hēnsum); third conjugation I hold. Unattested verb only found in composition (see derived terms), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find, hold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to hold”), English get (from Old Norse geta). Related to hedera. χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic) (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] A nasal-infixed and -suffixed present from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Compare λαμβάνω (lambánō). Cognate with Latin prehendo, English get. _______________________________ ENGLISH - GET From Middle English geten, from Old Norse geta, from Proto-Germanic *getaną (compare Old English ġietan, Old High German pi-gezzan (“to uphold”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (bigitan, “to find, discover”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize”). Cognate with Latin prehendo.

Answer 214

TO ACQUIRE - TO GET αποκτώ • (apoktó) (simple past απέκτησα, απόκτησα, passive αποκτιέμαι, αποκτώμαι) Verb acquire gain, make, profit. αποκτάω • (apoktáo) (simple past απέκτησα, απόκτησα, passive αποκτιέμαι) Verb Alternative form of αποκτώ (apoktó) αποχτώ • (apochtó) (simple past απόκτησα, απέκτησα) Verb Alternative form of αποκτώ (apoktó) acquire (third-person singular simple present acquires, present participle acquiring, simple past and past participle acquired) (transitive) To get. (transitive) To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own. From Middle English acqueren, from Old French aquerre, from Latin acquirere; ad + quaerere (“to seek for”). See quest. ``` quaerō (present infinitive quaerere, perfect active quaesīvī, supine quaesītum); third conjugation Verb I seek, look for Quaerendo invenietis By seeking ye shall find. Quaerite Dominum Seek ye the Lord I ask, question, inquire, query. I strive for; endeavor; seek to obtain I miss, lack I desire, require, want. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂- (“to acquire”) Ancient Greek πέπαμαι (“to get, acquire”)

Answer 215

THE CARRIER WAVE OF VISION

Answer 216

DISCERN - DISCRIMINATE TO MAKE A DISTINCTION διάκριση • (diákrisi) f (plural διακρίσεις) distinction, of note discretion, discrimination

Answer 217

SAME MIND - SAME REASONS - CONCEDE AGREE WITH THE SAME REASONING. ομολογώ • (omologó) (simple past ομολόγησα, passive ομολογούμαι) (most senses, transitive, intransitive) confess, admit (concede the truth) (religion, transitive, intransitive) profess (declare one's adherence to a religion) ομολογώ την πίστη μου ― I profess my faith. ομόλογο n (omólogo, “bond”) ομολογώ (“to confess, to admit”) εξομολόγηση f (“confession, admission”) ομόλογος • (omólogos) m (plural ομόλογοι, feminine ομόλογη) Noun (of people) counterpart, equivalent, opposite number (one which has corresponding functions) ομόλογο • (omólogo) n (plural ομόλογα) Noun (law) bond (evidence of a long-term debt) (economics) bond, debenture (documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract) αφορολόγητα αποταμιευτικά ομόλογα ― tax-free savings bonds. κρατικό ομόλογο ― government bond, treasury bill. ομόλογο σταθερού επιτοκίου ― fixed interest rate bond. χρεωστικό ομόλογο ― promissory note. ομόλογος • (omólogos) m (plural ομόλογοι, feminine ομόλογη) Noun Counterpart. (of people) counterpart, equivalent, opposite number (one which has corresponding functions) Ο Υπουργός Εξωτερικού συναντήθηκε με τον Αμερικανό ομόλογό του. ― The Foreign Minister met with his American counterpart (ie, the Secretary of State). _______________________________ From - ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension Adjective same, common, joint. From Proto-Indo-European *somHós *somHós (non-ablauting) Adjective same, alike. ``` from the root *sem- *sem- together, one. See semi: one half joined with the other half. *sḗm (“one”) *sēm-i (“half”) ``` which also gave εἷς (heîs, “one”). εἷς • (heîs) (ordinal πρῶτος, adverbial ᾰ̔́πᾰξ) one. See also: οἶος • (oîos) m (feminine οἴᾱ, neuter οἶον); first/second declension only, single. From Proto-Indo-European *óywos (“one, single”) ``` From Latin - oinos one. From Latin - ūnus (feminine ūna, neuter ūnum); first/second declension, with genitive singular in -īus and dative singular in -ī one, single alone. Universe, unitary, unify. ``` ``` From Proto-Italic *oinos from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. From *óynos one single. From Oscan - 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌔 • (uinus) one. ``` From Old English ān (English one and an). Cognate with Old English sama (English same) ``` From Sanskrit सम (sama) सम • (samá) same, equal, alike c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda (with instrumental or genitive) equivalent to, like, identical to even, smooth, flat, plain, level. ``` From Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama) 𐏃𐎶 (ham) same, together. Cognates Latin - similis (neuter simile); third declension Adjective similar. From Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós) _______________________________ ομολογητής • (omologitís) m (plural ομολογητές, feminine ομολογήτρια) Noun confessor (Christianity) confessor (official designation of a person who acknowledges their Christian faith, especially when this risks their life) Θεοφάνης Ομολογητής (Theophanes the Confessor) ________________________________ ομολογουμένως • (omologouménos) Adverb admittedly Το σενάριο αυτό –ομολογουμένως εφιαλτικά ενδιαφέρον, από πολλές απόψεις– … The scenario, admittedly of nightmarishly interest in many respects … _______________________________ εξομολογώ (exomologó, “to confess”) εξομολογητής • (exomologitís) m (plural εξομολογητές, feminine εξομολογήτρια) confessor Synonym: ομολογητής (omologitís) _______________________________ μολογάω • (mologáo) (simple past μολόγησα, passive —) Verb (colloquial) form of ομολογώ (omologó, “confess, admit”) _______________________________ ``` ὁμολογέω • (homologéō) Verb I agree with. I agree to, grant, concede. I agree or promise to do. (with accusative) I promise. (passive) I am agreed upon. ``` From ὁμόλογος (“in agreement”) from ὁμός (“same”) +‎ λόγος (“reasoning”) +‎ -έω (denominative verbal suffix). _______________________________ ὁμολογητῐκός • (homologētikós) m (feminine ὁμολογητῐκή, neuter ὁμολογητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or for confessing. ὁμολογέω (“agree, admit, concede, confess”) +‎ -τῐκός (adjective suffix) _______________________________ ομολογία • (omología) f (plural ομολογίες) (in general and law) confession, admission, avowal (open admittance of having done something) (religion) profession, creed (reading or statement of belief that summarizes the faith it represents) ομολογία πίστεως ― profession of faith. (economics) bond, debenture (documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract) λαχειοφόρα ομολογία ― premium/prize bond. ληξιπρόθεσμη ομολογία ― matured bond. ομολογία δανείου ― loan bond. ονομαστική ομολογία ― registered bond. From ομόλογος (omólogos, “corresponding, homologous”) From Ancient Greek ὁμολογία (homología, “agreement, common assumption”), equivalent to ομο- (omo-, “same, homo-”) +‎ -λογία (-logía, “-logy”). _______________________________ ``` ANTONYM αναλογία • (analogía) f (plural αναλογίες) Noun analogy proportion, ratio. ``` ανάλογα (análoga, “proportionally”) ανάλογος (análogos, “analogous, proportional”) αναλογικός (analogikós, “proportional, analogue”) αναλογώ (analogó, “to be analogous”) αρνούμαι • (arnoúmai) deponent (simple past αρνήθηκα) Verb deny, reject, turn down. From Ancient Greek ἀρνέομαι (arnéomai). ἀρνέομαι • (arnéomai) Verb to deny, disown. (absolute) to say "no", decline, to refuse. Alternative forms αρνιέμαι (arniémai) αρνιούμαι (arnioúmai)

Answer 218

I UNDERSTAND θεωρῶ I understand V-PIA-1S from theóros (an envoy, spectator, visitor) ``` θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of. HELPS Word-studies 2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, "to gaze, contemplate") – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating). ``` [2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term "theatre," i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance). to he a spectator, look at, behold, German schauen The θεωροι were men who attended the games or the sacrifices as public deputies. Used especially of persons and things looked upon as in some respect noteworthy. to view attentively, take a view of, survey: τί, Matthew 28:1; to view mentally, consider. to perceive with the eyes. equivalent to "to enjoy the presence of one, have contact with him". οὐ θεωρεῖ ὁ κόσμος τό πνεῦμα. i. e. so to speak, has no eyes with which it can see the Spirit; he cannot render himself visible to it, cannot give it his presence and power, John 14:17. equivalent to to get knowledge of: John 6:62. τήν δόξαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ. To be a partaker of the glory, i. e. the blessed condition in heaven, which Christ enjoys. Compare: ἀναθεωρέω, παραθεωρέω.) [SYNONYMS: θεωρεῖν, θέασθαι, ὁρᾶν, σκοπεῖν: θεωρεῖν is used primarily not of an indifferent spectator, but of one who looks at a thing with interest and for a purpose. θεωρεῖν would be used of a general officially reviewing or inspecting an army. θέασθαι of a lay spectator looking at the parade. θεωρεῖν as denoting the careful observation of details can even be contrasted with ὁρᾶν in so far as the latter denotes only perception in the general; so used θεωρεῖν quite coincides with σκοπεῖν.

Answer 219

TO SOLVE - TO PUZZLE OUT λύσει λῡ́σει • (lū́sei) Verb second-person singular future subjunctive middle of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) λῡ́σῃ • (lū́sēi) Verb second-person singular future subjunctive middle of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) Alternative: λῡ́σει (lū́sei) third-person singular aorist subjunctive active of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ________________________________ λῠ́σῐς • (lúsis) f (genitive λῠ́σεως); third declension ``` loosing, releasing, ransoming deliverance from guilt by expiatory rites redemption of mortgage or pledge parting emptying, evacuation solution (to a difficulty or problem) remission of fever. ``` From λύω (lúō, “loosen”) +‎ -σις (-sis) SUFFIX -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process ________________________________ ``` λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ``` From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”). Cognates include Latin luō (“expiate, pay”) Sanskrit लून (lunā́ti, “sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate”) English loose ________________________________ λύνω • (lýno) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύνομαι) untie, unbind, undo, unbuckle Synonyms: ξεσφίγγω (xesfíngo), χαλαρώνω (chalaróno) Λύνω τα κορδόνια μου. ― Lýno ta kordónia mou. ― I untie my laces. release Έλυσα το σκύλο. ― Élysa to skýlo. ― I released the dog. Λύνω το χειρόφρενο. ― Lýno to cheirófreno. ― I release the handbrake. solve Synonym: επιλύω (epilýo) Θέλω να λύσω την εξίσωση, αλλά είναι πολύ δύσκολη. Thélo na lýso tin exísosi, allá eínai polý dýskoli. I want to solve the equation, but it is very difficult. Λύνω σταυρόλεξο. ― Lýno stavrólexo. ― I solve the crossword. break, terminate, end Synonyms: λύω (lýo), τερματίζω (termatízo), διακόπτω (diakópto) Λύθηκαν τα μάγια. ― Lýthikan ta mágia. ― Τhe spell was broken. Λύνω τη σιωπή. ― Lýno ti siopí. ― I end the silence. Λύνεται η συνεδρίαση. ― Lýnetai i synedríasi. ― The session is adjourned. dismantle, strip down _________________________________ επιλύω To Solve. _________________________________ ENGLISH loose (third-person singular simple present looses, present participle loosing, simple past and past participle loosed) (transitive) To let loose, to free from restraints. (Can we date this quote?) Bible, Matthew xxi. 2 Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring them unto me. (transitive) To unfasten, to loosen. (transitive) To make less tight, to loosen. (intransitive) Of a grip or hold, to let go. (archery) to shoot (an arrow) (obsolete) To set sail. 1611: King James Bible, Acts 13:13 Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem. (obsolete) To solve; to interpret. (Can we find and add a quotation of Spenser to this entry?) Synonyms To free, unbind. (let loose): free, release (unfasten): loosen, unbind, undo, unfasten, untie (make less tight): loosen, relax, slacken (of grip or hold): let go, release (archery): fire, shoot ________________________________ ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension Noun a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure. From ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”) +‎ -σις (-sis). ________________________________ ``` δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς • (diálusis) f (genitive δῐᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension Noun a separating or parting an ending, cessation a solution to a problem refutation of an argument discharge deed of separation or divorce division of inheritance. ``` From δῐᾰλῡ́ω (dialū́ō) +‎ -σῐς (result noun) From δῐᾰλῡ́ω • (dialū́ō) to loose one from another, to part asunder, undo, dissolve. From δια- (dia-) +‎ λύω (lúō). ________________________________ DERIVED TERMS ``` ἀνάλυσις (análusis) ἀντανάλυσις (antanálusis) ἀπόλυσις (apólusis) διάλυσις (diálusis) ἐπανάλυσις (epanálusis) ἐπίλυσις (epílusis) κατάλυσις (katálusis) Λύσανδρος (Lúsandros) Λυσίας (Lusías) Λυσικλῆς (Lusiklês) Λυσίμαχος (Lusímakhos) Λύσιππος (Lúsippos) Λῡσῐστρᾰ́τη (Lūsistrátē) Λυσίστρατος (Lusístratos) παράλυσις (parálusis) περίλυσις (perílusis) σύλλυσις (súllusis) ὑπέκλυσις (hupéklusis) ὑπόλυσις (hupólusis) ```

Answer 220

INQUIRY- SEARCH - INVESTIGATE - EXAMINE ἔρευνᾰ • (éreuna) f (genitive ἐρεύνης); first declension Noun an inquiry, a search (medicine) an exploratory operation. From ἔρομαι (éromai). Akin to Old Norse raun (“trial, experience”). From Ancient Greek ἔρευνα (éreuna, “inquiry”). έρευνα • (érevna) f (plural έρευνες) Noun research, examination (especially scientific or legal) investigation. ερευνώ (erevnó, “to research, to search”) ερευνητής m (erevnitís, “research worker”) ερευνήτρια f (erevnítria, “research worker”)

Answer 221

INVENTION- FABRICATION - FICTION εφεύρεση f (efévresi, “invention”) εφεύρεση • (efévresi) f Noun invention (process and product) επινόηση επινόηση f (epinóisi, “fabrication, lie, invention”) επινόηση f (epinóisi, “fabrication, invention”) επινόηση • (epinóisi) f (plural επινοήσεις) Noun concept, notion, invention, fabrication (technical, practical) invention, fabrication, fiction (of the imagination)

Answer 222

UNCOVER - DISCOVER ανακάλυψη • (anakálypsi) f (plural ανακαλύψεις) Noun discovery, find (the process of discover and the thing discovered) ανακάλυψη ανακάλυψη f (anakálypsi, “discovery”) From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “above, through”) + καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover, to conceal”)

Answer 223

PURPOSE σκοπός ``` σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim. ``` ``` From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”). σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) Verb I look at, examine. I examine, consider, think. I prepare, premeditate. ```

Answer 224

INTENT ``` πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) Noun (grammar) preposition intent, intention, purpose. From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”). ``` πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) Non (surgery) prosthesis (an artificial replacement for a body part) prosthetic. From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition”), from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”). προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m (feminine προθετῐκή, neuter προθετῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or for prefixing; prepositional. From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós).

Answer 225

VOLITION θέληση • (thélisi) f will, volition. From French volition, from Medieval Latin volitiō (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“to wish; to want; to mean or intend”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose; to want”)) + -tiō (“suffix forming nouns relating to some action or the result of an action”) volition (countable and uncountable, plural volitions) A conscious choice or decision. The mental power or ability of choosing; the will. (linguistics) A concept that distinguishes whether or not the subject or agent intended something. From Medieval Latin volitiō (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“I wish, I will”). ___________________________________ LATIN volō (present infinitive velle, perfect active voluī); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no imperative I wish Tibi bene ex animō volō. I wish you well with all my heart. Hanc rem pūblicam salvam esse volumus. We wish this republic to be safe. I want Quid vīs? What do you want? Nunc edere volō. Now I want to eat. c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 618: Dō tibi operam, Aristophontēs, sī quid est quod mē velīs. I’m at your service, Aristophontes, if there’s anything you want of me. I mean, intend Et dixit ad socerum, "Quid est quod facere voluisti? And he said to his father-in-law: "What is it that thou didst mean to do?" (KJV Bible, Genesis 29:25) Quibus ad se accersitis rex ait: "Quidnam est hoc quod facere voluistis ut pueros servaretis?" And the king called for them, and said: "What is it that you meant to do, that you would save the men children?" (KJV Bible, Exodus 1:18) From Proto-Italic *welō, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Cognate with Sanskrit वृणीते (vṛṇīte, “to choose, prefer”), Old English willan (“to will, wish, desire”). More at will. ___________________________________ ENGLISH will (third-person singular simple present will, present participle willing, simple past would, past participle -) Verb (rare, transitive) To wish, desire (something). [9th-18th c.] From Middle English willen, wullen, wollen, from Old English willan, wyllan (“to will, be willing, wish, desire, be used to, to be about to”), from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to desire, wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognate with Dutch willen, Low German willen, German wollen, Swedish and Norwegian Nynorsk vilja, Norwegian Bokmål ville, Latin velle (“wish”, verb) and Albanian vel (“to satisfy, be stuffed”).

Answer 226

WILL - VOLITION βούληση • (voúlisi) f (plural βουλήσεις) will, volition.

Answer 227

WILL and TESTAMENT δῐᾰθήκη • (diathḗkē) f (genitive δῐᾰθήκης); first declension Noun testament, will (legal document) covenant. From δῐᾰ- +‎ τῐ́θημῐ (“put, place”). From δῐᾰτῐ́θημῐ • (diatíthēmi) Verb (active) place separately, arrange each in their own places, distribute. (with an adverb) to manage well or ill. to dispose one in such a manner. to set forth, recite. (middle) to arrange as one likes, to dispose of. to dispose of one's property, devise it by will. to arrange or settle mutually, make a covenant. __________________________________ θέλω (most senses) want, desire, will. (transitive, most senses) need, require. (intransitive, most senses) intend, mean to, want to (have the intention of) __________________________________ θα From a contraction of θέλω να (“I wish that I may”). added before the present verb forms to form the continuous or imperfective future tense: added before the dependent verb forms to form the simple or perfective future tense: added before the present forms of έχω and the non-finite to form some types of the future perfect: added before the imperfect forms of έχω and the non-finite to form some types of the pluperfect: added before the imperfect verb forms to form the conditional mood: _________________________________ ``` προϋπόθεση • (pro-hypo-theo-sis) f (plural προϋποθέσεις) Noun presupposition condition, prerequisite (logic) premise ``` From προ- (“before”) +‎ υπόθεση (“supposition”). Calque of French présupposition. υπόθεση • (ypóthesi) f (plural υποθέσεις) Noun business, matter, affair (law) case (sciences, mathematics) hypothesis, conjecture Υπόθεση Αβογκάντρο ― Avogadro's hypothesis (film) plot assumption From Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (“supposition”, noun). ``` ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension Noun proposal suggestion, advice purpose occasion, excuse, pretext actor's role function, occupation, station This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. subject proposed for discussion lawsuit, legal case subject, topic speech play, pantomime supposition, assumption, hypothesis This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. presupposition premise starting point raw material mortgage placing under base (thing placed under another) ``` From ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (“I set before, suggest”) +‎ -σῐς (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process) from ῠ̔πο- (“below”) + τῐ́θημῐ (“to put, place”). _________________________________ κατάσταση f (“condition, situation”) απεγκατάσταση f (apo-ek-kata-sta-sis) “deinstallation, uninstallation”) επανεγκατάσταση f (epi-ana-ek-kata-sta-sis) (“reinstallation”) κατάσταση • (katástasi) f καταστάσεις - plural Noun ("state, condition, situation") εγκατάσταση • (ek-kata-stasis ) f (plural εγκαταστάσεις) Noun installation, establishment (act of installing) residence (permission to reside) installation (large equipment) installation, settlement, establishment (set of buildings) (art) installation απεγκατάσταση • (apegkatástasi) f (plural απεγκαταστάσεις) Noun ("deinstallation, uninstallation") επανεγκατάσταση • (epanegkatástasi) f (plural επανεγκατάστασεις) Noun ("resettlement, rehoming") η επανεγκατάσταση των προσφύγων ― the resettlement of refugees ("reinstallation") Η επανεγκατάσταση των Windows γίνεται μέσα σε λίγα λεπτά ― Reinstallation of Windows is done in minutes. ------- From Latin condicio. From condīcō (“I agree upon, promise; fix”), from con- (“with”) + dīcō (“I say, speak”). condiciō f (genitive condiciōnis); third declension An agreement, contract, covenant, stipulation, pact, proposition. A condition, term, demand. A marriage, match. (metonymically) A spouse, bride. A love affair, amour. (metonymically) A paramour, lover. An external position, situation, rank, place, circumstances, condition. A nature, mode, character, disposition, manner, condition. Latin - conditiō f (genitive conditiōnis); third declension a making, creating (Medieval Latin) condition, status, position, circumstances. Latin - cōnfectiō f (genitive cōnfectiōnis); third declension making, preparing, producing, arranging, composing, completing that which is made etc.; confection From con- (“with, together”) +‎ faciō (“do, make”). cōnficiō (present infinitive cōnficere, perfect active cōnfēcī, supine cōnfectum); third conjugation iō-variant Verb I prepare, accomplish, complete, execute; settle, close a bargain; traverse. I produce, cause, bring about, effect, secure I finish, end, spend, pass, complete. I procure, bring together, collect, produce, prepare. I perform, celebrate. (philosophy) I show, deduce, demonstrate. (figuratively) I diminish, lessen; destroy, kill, wear out, consume, exhaust, break up. From Proto-Italic *fakiō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”) Cognates include Ancient Greek τίθημι. Sanskrit दधाति (dádhāti) Old English dōn (English do) English - condition (countable and uncountable, plural conditions) Noun A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false. A requirement or requisite. Environmental protection is a condition for sustainability. What other planets might have the right conditions for life? The union had a dispute over sick time and other conditions of employment. (law) A clause in a contract or agreement indicating that a certain contingency may modify the principal obligation in some way. The health status of a medical patient. My aunt couldn't walk up the stairs in her condition. The state or quality. National reports on the condition of public education are dismal. The condition of man can be classified as civilized or uncivilized. A particular state of being. Hypnosis is a peculiar condition of the nervous system. Steps were taken to ameliorate the condition of slavery. Security is defined as the condition of not being threatened. Aging is a condition over which we are powerless. (obsolete) The situation of a person or persons, particularly their social and/or economic class, rank. ``` OLD ENGLISH dōn ("to do") refers back to an earlier verb, as with modern English ("do") ("to make, cause") ("to put") ``` From Proto-Germanic *dōną (“to do”) From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to make, do, place”). SANSKRIT दधाति • (dádhāti) (root धा, class 3, type UP, present) Verb to put, place, set, lay in or on to inflict punishment on to put one's foot in another's footstep i.e. imitate to take or bring or help to to direct or fix the mind or attention upon, think of, fix or resolve upon to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to to appoint, establish, constitute to render to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes) to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), to take pleasure or delight in to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo to wish to put in or lay on to wish to give or present to wish to gain, strive after to bid defiance _________________________________ SUFFIX ``` ῠ̔πο- • (hupo-) Suffix under, sub-, hypo- of the casing or covering of the agency or influence (by) denoting a small degree, gradual. ``` ``` ῠ̔πό • (hupó) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative) Preposition (+ genitive) (of place) from underneath. under, beneath. (of cause or agency) by, through. (in pregnant phrases) of immediate acts of an agent, as well as further results. (in Herodotus and Attic, of things as well as persons) denoting the attendant or accompanying circumstances. (of accompanying music) to give the time. (+ dative) (of place or position) under, near. (of agency) under, through, by. expressing subjection or dependence. of logical subordination. of attendant circumstances. (+ accusative) (of place) to express motion towards and under. of position or extension. of logical subordination. of subjection, control. (of time) just after. of accompaniment. to a certain degree. ``` ``` ῠ̔́πᾰτος • (húpatos) m or f (neuter ῠ̔́πᾰτον); second declension Adjective ("Superlative of ὑπό (hupó, “under”) From ὕπατος (húpatos, “consul”). 1. highest, uppermost 2. (of place) at the very top, lowest, furthest 3. (of time) last 4. (of quality) highest, best. ``` ῠ̔πᾰτείᾱ • (hupateíā) f (genitive ῠ̔πᾰτείᾱς); first declension Noun n the office or rank of consul, consulate. ``` ῠ̔πᾰτῐκός • (hupatikós) m (feminine ῠ̔πᾰτῐκή, neuter ῠ̔πᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or pertaining to a consul, consular of consular rank. From ὕπᾰτος (“consul”) +‎ -ῐκός (Adj.) ``` cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension ``` Latin - consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually. a proconsul the highest magistrate in other states an epithet of the god Jupiter. ``` From con- + a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”). From Ancient Greek αἱρέω αἱρέω • (hairéō) uncontracted form of αἱρῶ (hairô, “to hang”) Verb (transitive) to take, grasp, seize (transitive) to win, gain (transitive) to convict, win a conviction (figuratively, transitive) to grasp with the mind, understand (middle, transitive) to take for oneself, choose, select (middle, transitive) to prefer. From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to take, grasp”). The aorist stem is from the synonymous *selh₁-, which is also the source of English sell. From Proto-Indo-European/ser- *ser- ("to bind, to tie together, thread") From Latin: serō (present infinitive serere, perfect active sēvī, supine satum); third conjugation Verb I sow, plant. (of persons) I beget, bring forth, produce. (figuratively) I found, establish; scatter, spread, disseminate; propagate; excite; cause, produce. From Proto-Italic *sizō from Proto-Indo-European *si-sh₁-, the reduplicated present of *seh₁- (“to sow”). *seh₁- (perfective) to impress, insert. to sow, to plant. Old English: sǣd n (nominative plural sæd) sæd m (definite singular sæden, uncountable) ("semen, sperm") (West Saxon) seed From Proto-Germanic *sēdiz (“seed; that which can be sown”). Old Norse: sáð n (genitive sáðs, plural sáð) ("seed") From Latin: serum n (genitive serī); second declension ("whey") From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to flow, run”) see also Sanskrit सर (sara, “flowing”) Sanskrit सार (sā́ra, “curd, cream”) Sanskrit सारण (sāraṇa, “flowing, buttermilk”) Ancient Greek ὁρός (horós, “whey, curd, semen”). _________________________________ ἀείρω • (aeírō) (Epic, Ionic, poetic) Verb (transitive) to lift up, raise, support. (of armies, ships, transitive) to get the fleet under sail. (transitive) to bear, sustain. (transitive) to raise up, exalt. (transitive) to raise by words, praise, extol. (transitive) to lift and take away, remove. (transitive, with genitive) to take away from. (Koine, transitive) to take off, kill. (middle, transitive) to take up for oneself, to win, gain. (transitive) to take upon oneself, undergo. (transitive) to undertake, begin. (transitive) to raise up. (transitive) to take away. (passive, intransitive) to hang. αἴρω • (aírō) (Attic) Verb ("Contracted") ``` Derived terms ἄορ (áor) ἀορτή (aortḗ) ἀορτήρ (aortḗr) ἀρτηρία (artēría) μετέωρος (metéōros) ``` ἄορ • (áor) n (genitive ἄορος); third declension Noun ("hanger or sword hung in a belt") From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wor, from *h₂wer- (whence ἀείρω (aeírō) ᾰ̓ορτή • (aortḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓ορτῆς); first declension Noun (in the plural) the lower extremities of the windpipe. (in the singular) aorta, the artery which proceeds from the left ventricle. (in the plural) the arteries. ἀρτηρῐ́ᾱ • (artēríā) f (genitive ἀρτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun artery windpipe, trachea (in the plural) bronchi a knapsack that hangs from the shoulders. Supposed contraction of *ἀορτηρία (cf. ἀορτήρ (aortḗr)), from ἀείρω (aeírō, “to bind, hang up”). μετέωρος • (metéōros) Adjective ("lifted up, on high, in air") For μετήορος (metḗoros) From μετά (metá, “beyond”) + *ἀορος. From ἀείρω (aeírō, “I lift up, raise”). ____________________________________ PREFIX ``` Prefix μετα- • (meta-) As a Prefix concerning community or participation concerning action in common with another in the midst of concerning succession concerning pursuit concerning letting go after, behind reversely (most frequent) concerning change in position or condition ``` ``` Preposition μετᾰ́ • (metá) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative) As a Preposition (+ genitive) in the midst of, among, between, with in common, along with, by aid of concerning one's dealings with (rare) at the same time (+ dative, only in poetry, usually Epic) between, among besides, over and above (+ accusative) coming into in pursuit of of sequence or succession (of a place) after, behind (time) after (worth, rank) next, after after, according to among, between ``` ``` Adverb μετᾰ́ • (metá) As an Adverb among them, with them afterwards thereafter ``` ``` Derived Terms με • (me) (+ accusative) Preposition ("with, by, on") ("with") μίλησε με την Ελένη ― he talked with Eleni ("by") πουλάει με το κιλό ― she sells by the kilo ("by, on") με το αυτοκίνητο ― by car με τα πόδια ― on foot. From a metanalysis of the Byzantine Greek phrase μεταῦτα (itself from μεταταῦτα by haplology, from μετά (metá) + ταῦτα (taûta)), from Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “with”). ```

Answer 228

Aql (Arabic: عقل‎, meaning "intellect"), is an Arabic language term used in Islamic philosophy or theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul or mind. It is the normal translation of the Greek term nous. In jurisprudence, it is associated with using reason as a source for sharia "religious law" and has been translated as "dialectical reasoning". In Islam, the term ‘aql was heavily elucidated by early Shī‘ah thinkers; it came to replace and expand the pre-Islamic concept of ḥilm (Arabic: حلم‎) "serene justice and self-control, dignity" in opposition to the negative notions of ignorance (jahl) and stupidity (safah).[2] The "possessor of ‘aql", or al-‘āqīl (plural al-‘uqqāl) realises a deep connection with God. Jaʿfar aṣ-Ṣādiq (d. 765, notably an Imām) described this connection as a realisation that God loves some, that God is truth and that only ‘ilm "sacred knowledge" and its development can help humanity fulfil its potential. His son, Imām Mūsà al-Kāżim (d. 799), expanded this exegesis by defining ‘aql as the "faculty for apprehending the divine, a faculty of metaphysical perception, a light in the heart, through which one can discern and recognize signs from God."[2] He further noted that where the A'immah (Imāms) are the ḥujjatu ż-żāhira "External proof [of God]", ‘aql is the ḥujjatu l-Bāṭina "Secret proof".[2] While in early Islam, ‘aql was opposed to jahl "ignorance", the expansion of the concept meant it was now opposed to safah "[deliberate] stupidity" and junūn "lack of sense, indulgence". Under the influence of Mu‘tazilī thought, ‘aql came to mean "dialectical reasoning".[2]

Answer 229

LEGAL PRECEDENCE - COMPARISON qiyas "analogical reasoning" as the fourth source of law. In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyās (Arabic: قياس‎) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Qur'an, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. Here the ruling of the Sunnah and the Qur'an may be used as a means to solve or provide a response to a new problem that may arise. This, however, is only the case providing that the set precedent or paradigm and the new problem that has come about will share operative causes (عِلّة, ʿillah). The ʿillah is the specific set of circumstances that trigger a certain law into action. The biggest source of confusion for scholars is the fact that, while rejecting qiyas, Bukhari accepts the idea of tashbih (comparison), which seems similar to analogy.[16] However, this is not the case, as tashbih is a comparison used in explanation (such as a metaphor), whereas qiyas applies a specific legal ruling to another case.

Answer 230

Hylomorphism (or hylemorphism) is a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which conceives being (ousia) as a compound of matter and form. The word is a 19th-century term formed from the Greek words ὕλη hyle, "wood, matter", and μορφή, morphē, "form". Aristotle defines X's matter as "that out of which" X is made. For example, letters are the matter of syllables. Thus, "matter" is a relative term:[3] an object counts as matter relative to something else. For example, clay is matter relative to a brick because a brick is made of clay, whereas bricks are matter relative to a brick house. Change is analyzed as a material transformation: matter is what undergoes a change of form.[4] For example, consider a lump of bronze that's shaped into a statue. Bronze is the matter, and this matter loses one form (that of a lump) and gains a new form (that of a statue).[5][6] According to Aristotle's theory of perception, we perceive an object by receiving its form with our sense organs.[7] Thus, forms include complex qualia such as colors, textures, and flavors, not just shapes.[8] ESSENCE and ACCIDENCE Medieval philosophers who used Aristotelian concepts frequently distinguished between substantial forms and accidental forms. A substance necessarily possesses at least one substantial form. It may also possess a variety of accidental forms. For Aristotle, a "substance" (ousia) is an individual thing—for example, an individual man or an individual horse.[9] The substantial form of substance S consists of S's essential properties,[10] the properties that S's matter needs in order to be the kind of substance that S is.[11] In contrast, S's accidental forms are S's non-essential properties,[12] properties that S can lose or gain without changing into a different kind of substance. In some cases, a substance's matter will itself be a substance. If substance A is made out of substance B, then substance B is the matter of substance A. However, what is the matter of a substance that is not made out of any other substance? According to Aristotelians, such a substance has only "prime matter" as its matter. Prime matter is matter with no substantial form of its own.[14] Thus, it can change into various kinds of substances without remaining any kind of substance all the time.

Answer 231

Aristotle applies his theory of hylomorphism to living things. He defines a soul as that which makes a living thing alive.[16] Life is a property of living things, just as knowledge and health are.[17] Therefore, a soul is a form—that is, a specifying principle or cause—of a living thing.[18] Furthermore, Aristotle says that a soul is related to its body as form to matter. The soul, in many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, is the incorporeal essence of a living being.[1] Soul or psyche (Ancient Greek: ψυχή psykhḗ, of ψύχειν psýkhein, "to breathe") comprises the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc. For example, the Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas attributed "soul" (anima) to all organisms but argued that only human souls are immortal.

Answer 232

ᾰ̓́νεμος • (ánemos) m (genitive ᾰ̓νέμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) wind, breeze, gale any of the four cardinal directions From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀚𐀗 (a-ne-mo, “winds”), Old Armenian հողմ (hołm, “wind”), Latin animus, Old Frisian omma, and possibly Sanskrit अनिल (ánila); Compare also Tocharian B āñme (“self; soul”) and Old Armenian անձն (anjn, “person”). άνεμος • (ánemos) m (plural άνεμοι) wind ``` From Proto-Indo-European/ *h₂enh₁mos Noun *h₂enh₁mos m breath. From *h₂enh₁- +‎ *-mos. *h₂enh₁- to breathe. *(ó)-mos m Creates action/result nouns from verb stems. ``` Greek -μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension Forms abstract nouns. ____________________________ From Proto-Celtic/ *anaman Celtic: *anaman (“soul”) *anaman n soul, spirit _____________________________ From Middle English onde, ande, from Old English onda, anda (“zeal, indignation, anger, malice, envy, hatred”), from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, spirit, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”). _____________________________ anima (accusative singular animan, plural animaj, accusative plural animajn) of the soul; spiritual quotations ▼ of the mind, mental, psychological, inner quotations ▼ Ĝi staras antaŭ miaj animaj okuloj. ― I can see it with my mind’s eye. anima lukto / ekvilibro ― inner struggle / balance. animo (accusative singular animon, plural animoj, accusative plural animojn) soul (an immaterial individual essence regarded as the source of life) quotations ▼ damnita animo ― a lost soul soul (an individual person or life) Ni ne vidis eĉ unu animon sur la stratoj. ― We didn’t see a soul on the streets. En la eksplodo pereis preskaŭ tridek animoj. ― Almost thirty souls perished in the explosion. soul, driving force (chief instigator or actor) Ŝi estis la animo de la asocio. ― She was the driving force behind the association. passion and feeling, spirit, mood quotations ▼ kun facila / freŝa animo ― with a light heart / with a new spirit. ________________________________ LATIN animus m (genitive animī); second declension Noun mind, soul, life force quotations ▼ Tibi bene ex animo volo. I wish you well from my soul. courage, will Proclamasset neque votum sibi neque animum desse confodiendi eum. He had announced that he lacked neither the determination nor the courage [or will] to kill him. From Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind, breeze”), Old Armenian հողմ (hołm, “wind”), Old Frisian omma (“breath”), English onde (“breath”) (dialectal), Norwegian ånde (“breath”), and possibly Sanskrit अनिल (ánila, “air, wind”); compare also Tocharian B āñme (“self; soul”) and Old Armenian անձն (anjn, “person”). ________________________________ anima f (genitive animae); first declension ``` soul, spirit, life Magnificat anima mea dominum. ― My soul glorifies the Lord. air, breeze breath vocative singular of anima. ``` anima f (plural anime) (religion, philosophy, also figuratively) soul (lutherie) sound post Proto-Italic *anamos m spirit, soul, life force.

Answer 233

life force (countable and uncountable, plural life forces) The hypothetical principle that animates all living organisms An impulse or influence that gives something life or vitality

Answer 234

The mind is the set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, imagination, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory, which is housed in the brain (sometimes including the central nervous system). It is usually defined as the faculty of an entity's thoughts and consciousness.[3] It holds the power of imagination, recognition, and appreciation, and is responsible for processing feelings and emotions, resulting in attitudes and actions.

Answer 235

Awareness is the ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be cognizant of events. More broadly, it is the state of being conscious of something. Another definition describes it as a state wherein a subject is aware of some information when that information is directly available to bring to bear in the direction of a wide range of behavioral processes.[1] The concept is often synonymous to consciousness and is also understood as being consciousness itself.[2] The states of awareness are also associated with the states of experience so that the structure represented in awareness is mirrored in the structure of experience.[1] Awareness is a relative concept. It may be focused on an internal state, such as a visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception.[2] It is analogous to sensing something, a process distinguished from observing and perceiving (which involves a basic process of acquainting with the items we perceive).[3] Awareness or "to sense" can be described as one that occurs when the brain is activated in certain ways, such as when the color red is what is seen once the retina is stimulated by light waves.[3] This conceptualization is posited amid the difficulty in developing an analytic definition of awareness or sensory awareness.[3] Awareness is also associated with consciousness in the case this concept denotes a fundamental experience such as a feeling or intuition that accompanies the experience of phenomena.[4] Specifically, this is referred to as awareness of experience.

Answer 236

Self-awareness is the capacity for introspection and the ability to recognize oneself as an individual separate from the environment and other individuals.[1] It is not to be confused with consciousness in the sense of qualia. While consciousness is being aware of one's environment and body and lifestyle, self-awareness is the recognition of that awareness.[2] Self-awareness is how an individual consciously knows and understands their own character, feelings, motives, and desires. There are two broad categories of self-awareness: internal self-awareness and external self-awareness.[3]

Answer 237

/ˌproʊprioʊˈsɛpʃən, -priə-/[1][2] PROH-pree-o-SEP-shən) , also referred to as kinaesthesia (or kinesthesia, in American English), is the sense of self-movement and body position.[3] It is sometimes described as the "sixth sense".[4] Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints.[5] There are multiple types of proprioceptors which are activated during distinct behaviors and encode distinct types of information: limb velocity and movement, load on a limb, and limb limits. Vertebrates and invertebrates have distinct but similar modes of encoding this information. The central nervous system integrates proprioception and other sensory systems, such as vision and the vestibular system, to create an overall representation of body position, movement, and acceleration. Conscious vrs. Non conscious In humans, a distinction is made between conscious proprioception and non-conscious proprioception: Conscious proprioception is communicated by the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway to the cerebrum.[15] Non-conscious proprioception is communicated primarily via the dorsal spinocerebellar tract[16] and ventral spinocerebellar tract,[17] to the cerebellum. A non-conscious reaction is seen in the human proprioceptive reflex, or righting reflex—in the event that the body tilts in any direction, the person will cock their head back to level the eyes against the horizon.[18] This is seen even in infants as soon as they gain control of their neck muscles. This control comes from the cerebellum, the part of the brain affecting balance.

Answer 238

In philosophy, essence is the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident: a property that the entity or substance has contingently, without which the substance can still retain its identity. The concept originates rigorously with Aristotle (although it can also be found in Plato),[1] who used the Greek expression to ti ên einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι,[2] literally meaning "the what it was to be" and corresponding to the scholastic term quiddity) or sometimes the shorter phrase to ti esti (τὸ τί ἐστι,[3] literally meaning "the what it is" and corresponding to the scholastic term haecceity) for the same idea. This phrase presented such difficulties for its Latin translators that they coined the word essentia (English "essence") to represent the whole expression. For Aristotle and his scholastic followers, the notion of essence is closely linked to that of definition (ὁρισμός horismos).[4]

Answer 239

DEFINITION - LIMIT - BOUNDARY - CELL ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension Noun boundary, limit, frontier, landmark marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press rule, standard term, definition goal, end, aim ``` ορισμός • (orismós) m (plural ορισμοί) Noun definition (the process of defining) (lexicography) definition, designation (crossword) clue, definition. ``` ὁρῐσμός • (horismós) m (genitive ὁρῐσμοῦ); second declension Noun marking out by boundaries, limitation (lexicography) definition. ``` ὁρίζω • (horízō) Verb I divide, separate from quotations ▼ I separate quotations ▼ I delimit quotations ▼ I bound quotations ▼ I pass between or through quotations ▼ I part, divide quotations ▼ I mark out quotations ▼ I trace as a boundary quotations ▼ I ordain, determine, lay down quotations ▼ I define a thing quotations ▼ (middle) I mark out for myself quotations ▼ I determine for myself quotations ▼ I define a thing quotations ▼ (intransitive) I border upon quotations ▼ (Attic law) I have marked with ὅροι (hóroi) quotations ▼ ``` _______________________________ from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, spring”), like ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “to awaken”). *h₃er- (perfective) to move, to stir to rise, to spring. ὦρτο • (ôrto) Verb (Epic) third-person singular aorist middle indicative of ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi) ``` ὄρνῡμῐ • (órnūmi) Verb to set upon, let loose upon, move on to awaken, arouse to raise, excite to stir up, encourage, exhort, cheer on. ``` ``` ὄρος • (óros) n (genitive ὄρεος or ὄρους); third declension Noun a mountain, hill mountain chain district, sector, precinct, parish. ``` Greek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”) ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I raise”)

Answer 240

ALGORITHM - MIND OPERATION αλγόριθμος • (algórithmos) m (plural αλγόριθμοι) Noun (computing, mathematics) algorithm. αλγοριθμικός (algorithmikós, “algorithmic”) αλγοριθμικός • (algorithmikós) m (feminine αλγοριθμική, neuter αλγοριθμικό) Adjective (mathematics, computing) algorithmic. algorithm (plural algorithms) Ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps. quotations ▼ (archaic) Calculation with Arabic numerals; algorism. calculation (countable and uncountable, plural calculations) (mathematics, uncountable) The act or process of calculating. (mathematics, countable) The result of calculating. quotations ▼ (countable) Reckoning, estimate. By my calculation, we should be there by midnight. (countable) An expectation based on circumstances. Synonyms[edit] (act or process of calculating): computation, reckoning (old); see also Thesaurus:calculation (Result of calculation): sum (estimate): estimate, guess, reckoning, measurement calculātiō f (genitive calculātiōnis); third declension Noun computation, calculation, reckoning stone (in kidney, bladder), calculus (stone) calculō (present infinitive calculāre, perfect active calculāvī, supine calculātum); first conjugation Verb I calculate, compute, reckon. (figuratively) I consider as, esteem. calculus (“stone used for reckoning on a counting board; calculating, reckoning”) calculus m (genitive calculī); second declension Noun Diminutive of calx pebble, stone reckoning, calculating a piece in the latrunculi game. Diminutive from calx (“limestone, game counter”) +‎ -ulus. SUFFIX Latin -ulus (feminine -ula, neuter -ulum); first/second-declension suffix Used to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating small size or youth. The suffix -ulus is added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun. ‎calx (“limestone, game counter”) + ‎-ulus → ‎calculus (“pebble, little stone”) ‎rēx (“king”) + ‎-ulus → ‎rēgulus (“prince, petty king”) Suffix -lus (feminine -la, neuter -lum); first/second-declension suffix Used to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating small size or youth and thus sometimes depreciation. The suffix -lus is added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun. Examples: ‎porcus (“pig”) + ‎-lus → ‎porculus (“little pig”) On nouns ending in -ius/-eus or -ia/-ea: ‎filius (“son”) + ‎-lus → ‎filiolus (“little son”) ‎gladius (“sword”) + ‎-lus → ‎gladiolus (“little sword”) ‎bestia (“beast”) + ‎-lus → ‎bestiola (“little beast”) ‎acūleus (“needle”) + ‎-lus → ‎acūleolus (“little needle”) On nouns ending in -vus or -va: ‎parvus (“small, little”) + ‎-lus → ‎parvulus (“very small, very little”) or parvolus ‎servus (“servant”) + ‎-lus → ‎servulus (“little or young servant”) or servolus. -tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension -tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”) quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”) Usage notes[edit] The suffix is occasionally added to other parts of speech, or appears in situations where no related verb apparently exists; more at -ātiō. gradātiō (“making of a staircase or steps”), from gradus (“step, pace”).

Answer 241

CANON - RULE - BAR - MASURE - STANDARD κᾰνών • (kanṓn) m (genitive κᾰνόνος); third declension Noun n rod, pole, bar rods used in shields type of rod used in weaving measuring rod, carpenter's rule, plumb line, level (music) monochord something to judge by, rule, norm, general principle model, paradigm tax assessment, tax, tariff (music) qanun __________________________________ κᾰνονῐ́ζω • (kanonízō) Verb I measure, regulate quotations ▼ (grammar) I conjugate (a verb); I parse ▼ From κᾰνον- (kanon-), the oblique stem of κᾰνών (kanṓn, “rule, standard”), +‎ -ῐ́ζω (-ízō, denominative verb suffix). κανονικός • (kanonikós) m (feminine κανονική, neuter κανονικό) Adjective regular, usual (grammar) regular (as in regular verb) κᾰ́ννᾱ • (kánnā) f (genitive κᾰ́ννης); first declension Noun giant reed (Arundo donax) reed mat. Borrowed from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”) 𒄀 (QANÛ) reed unit of length. ``` From Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na) 𒄀 (GI) reed verify unit of length. ``` Latin - canna f (genitive cannae); first declension A reed, cane. (by extension) Anything made of reed or cane; reed-pipe, flute; gondola; windpipe.

Answer 242

ESSENCE ``` In scholastic philosophy, English: "quiddity" Latin: "quidditas" Greek: (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι) "the what it was being he is" or "the what it was to be (a given thing)". τὸ Neuter diminutive article ("the") τί Interrogative pronoun ("what") ἦν • (ên) Third person ("it was being") first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of εἰμί (eimí): ("I/he/she/it was") εἶναι • (eînai) present infinitive of ( εἰμῐ́ ) εἰμῐ́ • (eimí) 1. To be, exist; (of persons) To live. 2. (of events) To happen. 3. To be the case. 4. (copulative) To be [+nominative = something, someone] 5. (third person, impersonal) it is possible [+infinitive = that ...] ``` The term "quiddity" derives from the Latin word quidditas, which was used by the medieval scholastics as a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle's Greek to ti en einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι)[2] or "the what it was to be (a given thing)". Synonym ἔξεστι (éxesti) (it is possible)

Answer 243

EXIST ``` Original Word: ἔξεστιν Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: exesti Phonetic Spelling: (ex'-es-tee) Definition: it is permitted, lawful Usage: it is permitted, lawful, possible. ``` from ek and eimi ``` Original Word: ἐκ, ἐξ Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: ek or ex Phonetic Spelling: (ek) Definition: from, from out of Usage: from out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. ``` properly, "out from and to" (the outcome); out from within. 1537 /ek ("out of") is one of the most under-translated (and therefore mis-translated) Greek propositions – often being confined to the meaning ("by") 1537 (ek) has a two-layered meaning ("out from and to") which makes it out-come oriented (out of the depths of the source and extending to its impact on the object). A prim. preposition denoting ("origin") _______________________________ ``` Original Word: εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist. ``` 1510 eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. "to be") – ("am, is") 1510 (eimí), and its counterparts, (properly) convey "straight-forward" being (existence, i.e. without explicit limits). 1510 /eimí ("is, am") – in the present tense, indicative mood – can be time-inclusive ("omnitemporal," like the Hebrew imperfect tense). Only the context indicates whether the present tense also has "timeless" implications. For example, 1510 (eimí) is aptly used in Christ's great "I am" (ego eimi . . . ) that also include His eternality (self-existent life) as our life, bread, light," etc. See Jn 7:34, 8:58, etc. ``` Example: Jn 14:6: "I am (1510 /eimí) the way, the truth and the life." Here 1510 (eimí) naturally accords with the fact Christ is eternal – meaning "I am (was, will be)." ``` The "I am formula (Gk egō eimi)" harks back to God's only name, "Yahweh" (OT/3068, "the lord") – meaning "He who always was, is, and will be." Compare Jn 8:58 with Ex 3:14. See also Rev 4:8 and 2962 /kýrios ("Lord"). I. εἰμί has the force of a predicate (i. e. is the substantive verb): to be, i. e. ``` Passages in which the idea of the verb preponderates, and some person or thing is said to exist by way of distinction from things non-existent: ἐστιν ὁ Θεός ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν ἐν ἀρχή ἦν ὁ λόγος πρίν Ἀβραάμ γενέσθαι, ἐγώ εἰμί πρό τοῦ τόν κόσμον εἶναι ἦν, καί οὐκ ἐστι καίπερ ἐστιν ``` _____________________________________ ``` ἤμεθα (ēmetha) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: λέγετε Εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς NAS: If we had been [living] in the days INT: you say If we had been in the ``` Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ NAS: of our fathers, we would not have been partners INT: not anyhow we would have been with them partakers. _____________________________________ ᾖ (ē) — 43 Occurrences Matthew 6:4 V-PSA-3S GRK: ὅπως ᾖ σου ἡ INT: so that might be your _____________________________________ ἤμην (ēmēn) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 25:35 V-II-1S GRK: με ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ INT: me a stranger I was and you took in _____________________________________ ἦμεν (ēmen) — 8 Occurrences Acts 11:11 V-II-1P GRK: ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ INT: in which we were sent from _____________________________________ ἦν (ēn) — 315 Occurrences Matthew 7:29 V-II-3S GRK: ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων INT: he was indeed teaching _____________________________________ ἦς (ēs) — 7 Occurrences Matthew 25:21 V-II-2S GRK: ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός ἐπὶ INT: over a few things you were faithful over _____________________________________ ἦσαν (ēsan) — 95 Occurrences Matthew 4:18 V-II-3P GRK: τὴν θάλασσαν ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς INT: the sea they were indeed fishermen _____________________________________ ἦσθα (ēstha) — 2 Occurrences Matthew 26:69 V-II-2S GRK: Καὶ σὺ ἦσθα μετὰ Ἰησοῦ INT: Also you were with Jesus _____________________________________ ἦτε (ēte) — 19 Occurrences John 9:41 V-II-2P GRK: Εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε οὐκ ἂν INT: If blind you [all] were not anyhow John 14:3 V-PSA-2P GRK: καὶ ὑμεῖς ἦτε INT: also you [all] might be _____________________________________ ἤτω (ētō) — 2 Occurrences 1 Corinthians 16:22 V-PM-3S GRK: τὸν κύριον ἤτω ἀνάθεμα μαρανα INT: the Lord let him be accursed Maran James 5:12 V-PM-3S GRK: τινὰ ὅρκον ἤτω δὲ ὑμῶν INT: any oath let be however of you _____________________________________ εἴη (eiē) — 12 Occurrences Luke 1:29 V-PO-3S GRK: διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς INT: was pondering of what kind might be the salutation _____________________________________ εἰμὶ (eimi) — 141 Occurrences Matthew 3:11 V-PI-1S GRK: οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ INT: of whom not I am fit the _____________________________________ εἶναι (einai) — 126 Occurrences Matthew 16:13 V-PN GRK: οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν INT: men to be the Son _____________________________________ εἰσίν (eisin) — 159 Occurrences Matthew 2:18 V-PI-3P GRK: ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν INT: because no more are they (they are) _____________________________________ ἔσῃ (esē) — 8 Occurrences Luke 1:20 V-FI-2S GRK: καὶ ἰδοὺ ἔσῃ σιωπῶν καὶ INT: and Behold you will be silent and _____________________________________ ἔσεσθαι (esesthai) — 4 Occurrences Acts 11:28 V-FN GRK: μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφ' ὅλην INT: great is about to be over all Acts 23:30 V-FN GRK: τὸν ἄνδρα ἔσεσθαι ἐξαυτῆς ἔπεμψα INT: the man to be [carried out] at once I sent [him] _____________________________________ ἐσμεν (esmen) — 52 Occurrences Mark 5:9 V-PI-1P GRK: ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν INT: because many we are (are we) _____________________________________ ἔσομαι (esomai) — 13 Occurrences Matthew 17:17 V-FI-1S GRK: μεθ' ὑμῶν ἔσομαι ἕως πότε INT: with you will I be how long when _____________________________________ ``` ἐσόμενον (esomenon) — 1 Occurrence Luke 22:49 V-FP-ANS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ ἐσόμενον εἶπαν Κύριε INT: him what was about to happen said Lord _____________________________________ ``` ``` ἐσόμεθα (esometha) — 4 Occurrences Romans 6:5 V-FI-1P GRK: τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα INT: of the resurrection we will be _____________________________________ ``` ἔσονται (esontai) — 33 Occurrences Matthew 12:27 V-FI-3P GRK: αὐτοὶ κριταὶ ἔσονται ὑμῶν INT: they judges will be of you Matthew 19:5 V-FI-3P GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο INT: of him and will become the two _____________________________________ ἔσται (estai) — 119 Occurrences Matthew 5:21 V-FI-3S GRK: φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: shall murder liable will be to the judgment Matthew 5:22 V-FI-3S GRK: αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει INT: of him liable will be to the judgment _____________________________________ ἐστε (este) — 93 Occurrences Matthew 5:11 V-PI-2P GRK: μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν INT: Blessed are you [all] when they shall insult Matthew 5:13 V-PI-2P GRK: Ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ τὸ ἅλας INT: You [all] are the salt _____________________________________ ``` ἐστί (esti) — 1 Occurrence Acts 18:10 V-PI-3S GRK: διότι λαός ἐστί μοι πολὺς INT: because people there is to me much _____________________________________ ``` ἐστιν (estin) — 903 Occurrences Matthew 1:20 V-PI-3S GRK: ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου INT: from [the] Spirit is Holy Matthew 1:23 V-PI-3S GRK: Ἐμμανουήλ ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Μεθ' INT: Immanuel which is translated With _____________________________________ ἔστω (estō) — 12 Occurrences Matthew 5:37 V-PM-3S GRK: ἔστω δὲ ὁ INT: let it be moreover the Matthew 18:17 V-PM-3S GRK: ἐκκλησίας παρακούσῃ ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ INT: church he fail to listen to let him be to you as ἔστω - LET IT BE ``` Acts 1:20 V-PM-3S GRK: καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν INT: and not let there be [one person] dwelling _____________________________________ Ἔστωσαν - LET US BE ``` Ἔστωσαν (Estōsan) — 2 Occurrences Luke 12:35 V-PM-3P GRK: Ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ INT: Let us be your ``` 1 Timothy 3:12 V-PM-3P GRK: διάκονοι ἔστωσαν μιᾶς γυναικὸς INT: Those who serve let us be of one wife _____________________________________ ἴσθι - YOU BE ``` ἴσθι (isthi) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 2:13 V-PM-2S GRK: Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως INT: Egypt and you remain there until Matthew 5:25 V-PM-2S GRK: ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ INT: You Be agreeing with Mark 5:34 V-PM-2S GRK: εἰρήνην καὶ ἴσθι ὑγιὴς ἀπὸ INT: peace and you be sound from ``` Luke 19:17 V-PM-2S GRK: πιστὸς ἐγένου ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων INT: faithful you were be you authority having _____________________________________ ὦ - I MIGHT BE ``` ``` ὦ (ō) — 2 Occurrences John 9:5 V-PSA-1S GRK: τῷ κόσμῳ ὦ φῶς εἰμὶ NAS: While I am in the world, I am KJV: the world, I am the light INT: the world I might be [the] light I am ``` Philippians 2:28 V-PSA-1S GRK: κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ INT: and I less anxious might be _____________________________________ ὦμεν - WE SHOULD BE ὦμεν (ōmen) — 3 Occurrences 2 Corinthians 1:9 V-PSA-1P GRK: μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς INT: not be trusting we should be in self 2 Corinthians 13:7 V-PSA-1P GRK: ὡς ἀδόκιμοι ὦμεν INT: as rejected be Ephesians 4:14 V-PSA-1P GRK: ἵνα μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι κλυδωνιζόμενοι INT: that no longer we might be infants being tossed _____________________________________ ὢν - IT IS BEING ``` ὢν (ōn) — 45 Occurrences Matthew 1:19 V-PP-NMS GRK: αὐτῆς δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ INT: of her righteous being and not _____________________________________ ὦσιν - THEY MIGHT BE ``` ``` ὦσιν (ōsin) — 11 Occurrences Mark 3:14 V-PSA-3P GRK: ὠνόμασεν ἵνα ὦσιν μετ' αὐτοῦ INT: he calls that they might be with him _____________________________________ ὂν - IT IS BEING "____" ``` ``` ὂν (on) — 1 Occurrence Mark 4:31 V-PP-NNS GRK: γῆς μικρότερον ὂν πάντων τῶν INT: earth smallest is of all the _____________________________________ ὄντα - "____" HE IS BEING ὄντα (onta) — 19 Occurrences Matthew 6:30 V-PP-AMS GRK: ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα καὶ αὔριον INT: field today which is and tomorrow ``` Luke 12:28 V-PP-AMS GRK: τὸν χόρτον ὄντα σήμερον καὶ INT: the grass which is [here] today and Luke 22:3 V-PP-AMS GRK: καλούμενον Ἰσκαριώτην ὄντα ἐκ τοῦ INT: is called Iscariot being of the ``` Luke 23:7 V-PP-AMS GRK: πρὸς Ἡρῴδην ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν INT: to Herod being also himself _____________________________________ ὄντας - "____" THEY WERE BEING ὄντας (ontas) — 11 Occurrences Acts 9:2 V-PP-AMP GRK: τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντας ἄνδρας τε INT: of the way being men both _____________________________________ ὄντες - THEY WERE BEING "____" ``` ``` ὄντες (ontes) — 26 Occurrences Matthew 7:11 V-PP-NMP GRK: ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε δόματα INT: you evil being know [how] gifts _____________________________________ ὄντι - "____" + "____" (to) HE WAS BEING ``` ``` ὄντι (onti) — 4 Occurrences Acts 7:2 V-PP-DMS GRK: ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ INT: of us Abraham being in _____________________________________ ὄντων - OF US ``` ὄντων (ontōn) — 6 Occurrences John 21:11 V-PP-GMP GRK: καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων οὐκ ἐσχίσθη INT: although so many there were not was torn Acts 19:36 V-PP-GNP GRK: ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτων δέον INT: Undeniable therefore being these things necessary Romans 5:6 V-PP-GMP GRK: γὰρ Χριστὸς ὄντων ἡμῶν ἀσθενῶν INT: for Christ being of us without strength _____________________________________ ὄντος - OF ME ``` ὄντος (ontos) — 15 Occurrences Mark 8:1 V-PP-GMS GRK: πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ INT: great [the] crowd being and not _____________________________________ οὖσα - SHE IS BEING ``` ``` οὖσα (ousa) — 6 Occurrences Mark 5:25 V-PP-NFS GRK: καὶ γυνὴ οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει INT: And a woman being with a flux _____________________________________ οὖσαι - SHE [ALL] IS BEING ``` ``` οὖσαι (ousai) — 1 Occurrence Romans 13:1 V-PP-NFP GRK: αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ INT: those moreover exist of God _____________________________________ οὖσαν - "____" SHE IS BEING ``` οὖσαν (ousan) — 6 Occurrences Luke 13:16 V-PP-AFS GRK: θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ οὖσαν ἣν ἔδησεν INT: a daughter of Abraham being whom has bound _____________________________________ οὔσῃ - "____" + "____" (to) SHE IS BEING ``` οὔσῃ (ousē) — 4 Occurrences Luke 2:5 V-PP-DFS GRK: ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ οὔσῃ ἐνκύῳ INT: was betrothed to him she being with child _____________________________________ οὔσης - BEING OF HER ``` οὔσης (ousēs) — 6 Occurrences Mark 11:11 V-PP-GFS GRK: ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας INT: late already being the hour ``` John 4:9 V-PP-GFS GRK: γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος οὔσης οὐ γὰρ INT: a woman Samaritan being not indeed _____________________________________ οὖσιν - "____" + "____" (to) THEY ARE BEING οὖσιν (ousin) — 9 Occurrences Mark 2:26 V-PP-DMP GRK: σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν INT: with him were ``` Acts 16:21 V-PP-DMP GRK: ποιεῖν Ῥωμαίοις οὖσιν INT: to do Romans being ``` Acts 20:34 V-PP-DMP GRK: καὶ τοῖς οὖσιν μετ' ἐμοῦ INT: and to those who were with me _____________________________________ οὐσῶν - OF THE WOMEN (plural) ``` οὐσῶν (ousōn) — 1 Occurrence 1 Thessalonians 2:14 V-PP-GFP GRK: θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ INT: of God which are in

Answer 244

THIS-NESS "Haecceity" (/hɛkˈsiːɪti, hiːk-/; from the Latin haecceitas, which translates as "thisness") is a term from medieval scholastic philosophy, first coined by followers of Duns Scotus to denote a concept that he seems to have originated: the discrete qualities, properties or characteristics of a thing that make it a particular thing. Haecceity is a person's or object's thisness, the individualising difference between the concept "a man" and the concept "Socrates" (i.e., a specific person). Haecceity is a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle's Greek to ti esti (τὸ τί ἐστι)[2] or "the what (it) is." Charles Sanders Peirce later used the term as a non-descriptive reference to an individual. ______________________________________ Haecceity vrs. Quiddity Haecceity may be defined in some dictionaries as simply the "essence" of a thing, or as a simple synonym for quiddity or hypokeimenon. However, such a definition deprives the term of its subtle distinctiveness and utility. Whereas haecceity refers to aspects of a thing that make it a particular thing, quiddity refers to the universal qualities of a thing, its "whatness", or the aspects of a thing it may share with other things and by which it may form part of a genus of things. Duns Scotus makes the following distinction: Because there is among beings something indivisible into subjective parts—that is, such that it is formally incompatible for it to be divided into several parts each of which is it—the question is not what it is by which such a division is formally incompatible with it (because it is formally incompatible by incompatibility), but rather what it is by which, as by a proximate and intrinsic foundation, this incompatibility is in it. Therefore, the sense of the questions on this topic [viz. of individuation] is: What is it in [e.g.] this stone, by which as by a proximate foundation it is absolutely incompatible with the stone for it to be divided into several parts each of which is this stone, the kind of division that is proper to a universal whole as divided into its subjective parts? — Duns Scotus, Ordinatio II, d. 3, p. 1. q. 2, n. 48]

Answer 245

THING-IN-ITSELF (The thing prior to manifest appearance) (The thing prior to conscious observation) In metaphysics, the noumenon (/ˈnuːmənɒn/, UK also /ˈnaʊ-/; from Greek: νούμενον) is a posited object or event that exists independently of human sense and/or perception.[1] The term noumenon is generally used when contrasted with, or in relation to, the term phenomenon, which refers to anything that can be apprehended by or is an object of the senses. Modern philosophy has generally been skeptical of the possibility of knowledge independent of the senses, and Immanuel Kant gave this point of view its canonical expression: that the noumenal world may exist, but it is completely unknowable through human sensation.[2] In Kantian philosophy, the unknowable noumenon is often linked to the unknowable "thing-in-itself" (in Kant's German, Ding an sich), although how to characterize the nature of the relationship is a question still open to some controversy. The Greek word νοούμενoν nooúmenon (plural νοούμενα nooúmena) is the neuter middle-passive present participle of νοεῖν noeîn "to think, to mean", which in turn originates from the word νοῦς noûs, an Attic contracted form of νόος nóos[a] "perception, understanding, mind."[3][4] A rough equivalent in English would be "something that is thought", or "the object of an act of thought". The Oxford Companion to Philosophy writes "Platonic Ideas and Forms are noumenon[b], and phenomena are things displaying themselves to the senses. [...] that noumena and the noumenal world are objects of the highest knowledge, truths, and values is Plato's principal legacy to philosophy." The thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is a concept introduced by Immanuel Kant. Things-in-themselves would be objects as they are, independent of observation. The concept led to much controversy among philosophers. Kant argued the sum of all objects, the empirical world, is a complex of appearances whose existence and connection occur only in our representations.[2] Kant introduces the thing-in-itself as follows: And we indeed, rightly considering objects of sense as mere appearances, confess thereby that they are based upon a thing in itself, though we know not this thing as it is in itself, but only know its appearances, viz., the way in which our senses are affected by this unknown something. — Prolegomena, § 32 The first to criticize the concept of a thing-in-itself was F. H. Jacobi, with the expression: I could not enter into the system without the assumption of the concept of the thing-in-itself and, on the other hand, I could not remain in it with this concept. G. E. Schulze The anonymously published work Aenesidemus was one of the most successful attacks against the project of Kant. According to Kant’s teaching, things-in-themselves cannot cause appearances, since the Category of causality can find application on objects of experience only. Kant, therefore, does not have the right to claim the existence of things-in-themselves. This contradiction was subsequently generally accepted as being the main problem of the thing-in-itself. The attack on the thing-in-itself, and the skeptical work in general, had a big impact on Fichte, and Schopenhauer called G. E. Schulze, who was revealed to be the author, “the acutest" of Kant’s opponents. Johann Gottlieb Fichte Initially Fichte embraced the Kantian philosophy, including a thing-in-itself, but the work of Schulze made him revise his position. Aenesidemus, which I consider one of the most remarkable products of our decade, has convinced me of something which I admittedly already suspected: that even after the labors of Kant and Reinhold, philosophy is still not a science. Aenesidemus has shaken my own system to its very foundations, and, since one cannot live very well under the open sky, I have been forced to construct a new system. I am convinced that philosophy can become a science only if it is generated from one single principle, but that it must then become just as self-evident as geometry. Although Arthur Schopenhauer agreed with the critics that the manner in which Kant had introduced the thing-in-itself was inadmissible, he considered that Kant was right to assert its existence, and praised the distinction between thing-in-itself and appearance as his greatest merit.

Answer 246

TO IMPLY - IMPLIED - IMPLICATION υπονοεί From υπο ("under") and νοέω ("conceive") From νόος (“mind”) +‎ -έω (denominative verbal suffix). __________________________________ ``` νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean. ``` From νόος (nóos, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix). -έω • (-éō) Suffix Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os). _________________________________ νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension Noun mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter. νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension (Attic) contracted form of νόος (nóos) Perhaps from νέω (“I spin”) Of uncertain etymology, perhaps meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”. __________________________________ νέω • (néō) Verb ("I spin") From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- *(s)neh₁- Root to spin (thread), to sew. ``` Compare Latin - neō present infinitive - nēre perfect active - nēvi supine - nētum Verb (transitive) I spin; weave, interlace, entwine. From Proto-Italic *nēō I son, weave, twist. ``` Compare to Sanskrit "sutra" Sanskrit: सूत्र, Sutra - romanized: sūtra, lit. सूत्र - sutra ("string, thread") in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text. The Sanskrit word Sūtra (Sanskrit: सूत्र, Pali: sūtta, Ardha Magadhi: sūya) means "string, thread".[1][2] The root of the word is siv, that which sews and holds things together. The word is related to sūci (Sanskrit: सूचि) meaning "needle, list", and sūnā (Sanskrit: सूना) meaning "woven". In the context of literature, sūtra means a distilled collection of syllables and words, any form or manual of "aphorism, rule, direction" hanging together like threads with which the teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven. A sūtra is any short rule, states Moriz Winternitz, in Indian literature; it is "a theorem condensed in few words". A collection of sūtras becomes a text, and this is also called sūtra. A sūtra is a condensed rule which succinctly states the message,[15] while a Shloka is a verse that conveys the complete message and is structured to certain rules of musical meter,[16][17] a Anuvyakhaya is an explanation of the reviewed text, while a Vyakhya is a comment by the reviewer. __________________________________ υπονοώ • (yponoó) simple past - υπονόησα Verb ("imply, insinuate, suggest") υπονοούμενο n (yponooúmeno, “an insinuation”)

Answer 247

ENTAIL (mutually entailing) Beget, imply, entail, necessitate , descendent . This words literally means, to cut a grape sprig from the parent vine, graft it or plant it, so that it grows and produces fruit that is "of the same genus" as the parent grape vine. It inherits the fruitful attributes of its parents. From nominalization of the verb πήγνυμι (to stick, fasten, build, fix), "that, what is built, fixed" ``` πήγνῡμῐ • (pḗgnūmi) Verb I secure, stick in, fix on. I fixate upon. I fasten, put together, unite, build. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. *peh₂ǵ- ("to attach") Cognates include Latin pangō Latin: pangō (“I fasten, fix”) Latin: pactus pāctus (feminine pācta, neuter pāctum); first/second-declension participle ("fastened, fixed, planted") pangō (present infinitive pangere, perfect active pānxī or pēgī or pepigī, supine pānctum or pāctum); third conjugation I fasten, fix, set, especially drive, sink, force in (metonymically) I set, plant (transferred) I beget (children) (figuratively, of compositions) I compose, write. (figuratively, of actions) I celebrate, tell of, record, compose accounts of (figuratively) I fix, determine, settle, especially— I agree upon; I covenant, agree, stipulate, contract (only in perfect forms) (of marital matters) I promise, pledge, engage to do, undertake to perform. ``` Cognates include Ancient Greek πήγνυμι. πήγνῡμῐ • (pḗgnūmi) Verb I secure, stick in, fix on. I fixate upon. I fasten, put together, unite, build. I make solid, stiffen, freeze, curdle. (figuratively) I fix, establish, determine. ``` ``` Old English fōn (English fang). fōn ("to seize, take") From Proto-Germanic / *fanhaną to take, to seize. to capture, to catch. ``` Etymology To cut a sprig from the vine, plant it or graft it onto another vine, for it to grow into it own plant to produce good fruit from the shoot of IRS parent, a Superior vine. In commercial viticulture, grapevines are rarely propagated from seedlings as each seed contains unique genetic information from its two parent varieties (the flowering parent and the parent that provided the pollen that fertilized the flower) and would, theoretically, be a different variety than either parent. This would be true even if two hermaphroditic vine varieties, such as Chardonnay, cross pollinated each other. While the grape clusters that would arise from the pollination would be considered Chardonnay any vines that sprang from one of the seeds of the grape berries would be considered a distinct variety other than Chardonnay. It is for this reason that grapevines are usually propagated from cuttings while grape breeders will utilize seedlings to come up with new grape varieties. entail (third-person singular simple present entails, present participle entailing, simple past and past participle entailed) (transitive) To imply or require. This activity will entail careful attention to detail. (transitive) To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; -- said especially of an estate; to bestow as a heritage. (transitive, obsolete) To appoint hereditary possessor. (transitive, obsolete) To cut or carve in an ornamental way. From Middle English entaillen, from Old French entaillier, entailler (“to notch”, literally “to cut in”); from prefix en- + tailler (“to cut”) from Late Latin taliare, from Latin talea. Compare late Latin feudum talliatum (“a fee entailed, i.e., curtailed or limited”). ``` From en- Prefix en- (in; into) en- (intensifier) From Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”). ``` ``` From Latin - taliō present infinitive - taliāre perfect active - taliāvī supine taliātum Verb I cut I prune (cut a shoot) ``` ``` From French - tailler Verb (of a suit, garment etc.) to cut to sharpen (takes a reflexive pronoun, informal) to do one, to clear off. ``` ``` From Latin - tālea f genitive - tāleae A long or slender piece of wood or metal; rod, stick, stake, bar. A cutting, set or layer for planting. (by extension) A scion, twig, sprig. ``` Ancient Greek: (ἅ)παξ ((há)pax) ________________________________ SCION scion (plural scions) A descendant, especially a first-generation descendant. A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting; a shoot or twig in a general sense. The heir to a throne. A guardian. From Middle English sion, sioun, syon, scion, cion, from Old French cion, ciun, cyon, sion; from Frankish *kīþō, *kīþ, from Proto-Germanic *kīþô, *kīþą, *kīþaz (“sprout”), from Proto-Indo-European *geye (“to split open, sprout”), same source as Old English ċīþ (“a young shoot; sprout; germ; sprig”), Old Saxon kīth (“sprout; germ”), Old High German kīdi (“offshoot; sprout; germ”). See also French scion and Picard chion.[1]. Doublet of chit.

Answer 248

I UNDERSTAND θεωρῶ I understand V-PIA-1S

Answer 249

IN MIND - CONCEPT - MEANING έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) Noun concept, meaning, essential features. from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (“mind”). From Byzantine Greek έγνοια with [ɣn] > [n] from Ancient Greek ἔννοια (énnoia). Mophologically from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (“mind”). Alternative form of έγνοια (“care, concern”) ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension Noun the act of thinking, thought, consideration a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence. From ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (abstract non suffix) εννοιοκρατία f (“conceptualism”) (philosophy) εννοιολογικός (ennoiologikós, “semasiological”) and see: εννοώ (ennoó, “mean; understand”) εννοώ • (ennoó) (simple past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι) Verb mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course Morphologically, from εν- (“in”) +‎ νοώ (“think, understand”). συνεννόηση f ( “understanding, communication”) From συνεννοη- (synennoï-, “past tense stem of συνεννοούμαι to communicate, to understand”) +‎ -ση επικοινωνία • (epikoinonía) f (plural επικοινωνίες) communication (between two people, machines, etc) αλληλεπικοινωνία f (“intercommunication”) επικοινωνώ (“to talk, to communicate”) επικοινωνώ • (epikoinonó) (simple past επικοινώνησα) talk, communicate Έχουμε επικοινωνήσει όλη την ημέρα. ― We talked all day long. διαφωνία f (“disagreement”) ασυνεννοησία f (“lack of understanding”) (understanding, agreement): ακατανοησία f (“incomprehension”) (communication): ασυνεννοησία f (“lack of communication”) συζήτηση • (syzítisi) f (plural συζητήσεις) Searching for answers together. dialogue (especially exchange of views) dialogue, conversation. συνομιλία f (synomilía) διάλογος m (diálogos) κουβέντα f (kouvénta) συνομιλία • (synomilía) f (plural συνομιλίες) dialogue, exchange of views dialogue, conversation. διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension ("dialogue") διαλέγω • (dialégō) I choose, gather, pick (out), select. From δια- (dia-) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to speak, choose, gather”).

Answer 250

YOU [All] HAD KNOWN ᾔδεις you had known V-LIA-2S

Answer 251

HYPNOSIS ὑπνος "sleep" and the suffix -ωσις ``` ὑπνόω "put to sleep" ύπνωση - hypnosis υπνωτίζω - hypnotize υπνωτιστής - hypnotist υπνωτισμένοι - hypnotized είχε υπνωτιστεί - had hypnotized είχαν υπνωτιστεί - had been hypnotized να υπνωτιστεί - to hypnotize να είναι υπνωτισμένοι - to be hypnotized ``` ``` είμαι υπνωτισμένος - I am hypnotized είσαι υπνωτισμένος - you are hypnotized είναι υπνωτισμένος - He is hypnotized είμαστε υπνωτισμένοι - We are hypnotized είστε υπνωτισμένοι - you are hypnotized είναι υπνωτισμένοι - they are hypnotized _______________________________ ``` ύπνος • (ýpnos) m plural - ύπνοι sleep ``` From Ancient Greek ὕπνος (“sleep”) from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos from the root *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognates include English sweven Sanskrit स्वप्न (svápna) Italian sonno and Latvian sapnis. ``` Ῠ̔́πνος • (Húpnos) m (genitive Ῠ̔́πνου) Proper Noun (Greek mythology) Hypnos, the Greek ("mythological god of sleep") __________________________________ ῠ̔πνωτῐκός • (hupnōtikós) m (feminine ῠ̔πνωτῐκή, neuter ῠ̔πνωτῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective inclined to sleep, sleepy. inducing sleep, soporific. Derived from ὑπνόω (“I put to sleep”) +‎ -τικός (adjectival derivational suffix). __________________________________ ``` ἐξυπνίζω ἐξ-υπν-ίζω Verb ("Awaken") __________________________________ Proto-Indo-European ``` *swépnos m Noun ("sleep, slumber") Synonym: *supnós *supnós m Noun ("sleep, death") From *swep- (“to sleep”) +‎ *-nós. *swep- Root ("to sleep") *supnós m ("Dream, sleep, death") __________________________________ LATIN ``` somnus m (genitive somnī); second declension Noun somnus sleep drowsiness, slumber sloth, idleness (figuratively) death. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *swépnos, from the root *swep- (“to sleep”) SUFFIX *(Ø)-nós Creates verbal adjectives from roots. *(Ø)-tós Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems. -τός • (-tós) m (feminine -τή, neuter -τόν) Creates verbal adjectives of possibility. _____________________________________ Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a) “sleepy" ______________________________________ OLD IRISH súan m Noun slumber, sleep _____________________________________ OLD ENGLISH sweven (plural swevens) Noun (archaic) A dream. (archaic) A vision. from Old English swefn (“sleep, dream, vision”) from Proto-Germanic *swefną, *swefnaz (“sleep”) ``` Middle Dutch swēven Verb to move back and forth to wander to float (on water) to float (through the air) to remain, to be (in a particular state) ``` ______________________________________ ``` ὑπναλέος (hupnaléos) ὑπναπάτης (hupnapátēs) ὑπνάω (hupnáō) ὑπνηλός (hupnēlós) ὑπνηρός (hupnērós) ὑπνίδιος (hupnídios) ὑπνικός (hupnikós) ὑπνίζω (hupnízō) ὑπνοδότειρα (hupnodóteira) ὑπνοδότης (hupnodótēs) ὑπνοφανής (hupnophanḗs) ὑπνοφόβης (hupnophóbēs) ὑπνοφόρος (hupnophóros) ὑπνομαχέω (hupnomakhéō) ὑπνοποιέω (hupnopoiéō) ὑπνοποιός (hupnopoiós) Ὕπνος (Húpnos) ὑπνόω (hupnóō) ὑπνώδης (hupnṓdēs) ὑπνώδια (hupnṓdia) ὑπνώσσω (hupnṓssō) ὑπνωτικός (hupnōtikós) ὑπνώω (hupnṓō) ```

Answer 252

ANALYSIS ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις) Noun analysis, interpretation (linguistics) parsing. ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension Noun a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure. From ἀναλύω (“I unravel, investigate”) +‎ -σις αναλύω • (analýo) (simple past ανέλυσα, ανάλυσα, passive αναλύομαι) Verb analyse (UK), analyze (US), assay (linguistics) parse (by extension) dilute (by extension) psychoanalyse (especially in the passive) Synonym: ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo) From Ancient Greek ἀναλύω (“unloose; resolve into its elements”). Morphologically, from ανα- +‎ λύω. λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal) Verb terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form) λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος see imperative λύσατε αναλυτικά (analytiká, “analytically”) αναλυτικός (analytikós, “analytical”) αναλύομαι (analýomai, “to be analysed”) ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”) and see: αναλύω (analýo, “to analyse, to analyze”) ``` λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ``` From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”). Cognates include Latin luō (“expiate, pay”), Sanskrit लून (lunā́ti, “sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate”), English loose

Answer 253

SYNTHESIS σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension Noun a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis (mathematics) addition agreement, treaty collection. From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). σύνθεση • (sýnthesi) f (plural συνθέσεις) Noun composition (the formation of the complex by combination of simpler) (chemistry) synthesis (especially by condensation) (music) composition, musical work (linguistics) compounding (the formation of long word by combination of shorter ones) σύνθεση f (“composition, synthesis”) σύνθετος (“composite”, adjective) συνθέτης m (“composer of music”) σύνθετος • (sýnthetos) m (feminine σύνθετη, neuter σύνθετο) Adjective composite, compound, synthetic

Answer 254

θεωρώ (theoró, “to consider, to scrutinise”) Verb θεωρώ • (theoró) (simple past θεώρησα, passive θεωρούμαι) ``` consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω examine a text to make corrections. ``` From Ancient Greek θεωρῶ (theōrô). Doublet of θωρώ (thoró). ____________________________________ θωρώ • (thoró) Verb (vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over ____________________________________ θεωρία • (theoría) f Noun theory That which resulted from contemplation. ``` θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation. ``` From θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (Added to stems of adjectives, or rarely to the stems of verbs, to form feminine abstract nouns). From PIE Suffix *(é)-(o)-h₂ n Creates collective nouns, which refer to groups or sets of things. ____________________________________ θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension Noun spectator envoy sent to consult an oracle. From θέᾱ (théā, “sight”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”). Although with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”). ____________________________________ θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension view, sight See also...θεά f (theá, “goddess”) ____________________________________ ``` θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb (passive) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review ``` ____________________________________ θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension Noun a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment. From the root of θεάομαι (theáomai, “to wonder at, gaze at”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). ``` θαύμα • (thávma) n (plural θαύματα) Noun (religion) miracle, supernatural event (figuratively) marvel, wonder ____________________________________ ``` ``` θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) Verb (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired. ``` ``` θαυμάζω • (thavmázo) (simple past θαύμασα, passive θαυμάζομαι) Verb admire, feel admiration for look up to, look at with wonder be impressed by. ``` From θαῦμα (thaûma, “wonder, marvel”) +‎ -άζω (-ázō, denominative verb suffix). -ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs. Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form. ‎ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + ‎-άζω (-ázō) → ‎ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”) -ῐ́ζω • (-ízō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote: adhere to the policy of the city mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym ‎-ίζω (-ízō) + ‎Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → ‎λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō) ____________________________________ ``` θαυμᾰσμός • (thaumasmós) m (genitive θαυμᾰσμοῦ); second declension Noun a wondering. θαυμασμός • (thavmasmós) m (plural θαυμασμοί) Noun admiration, adoration, appreciation. From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “I wonder”). ____________________________________ ``` θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension Adjective Wonderful, marvelous Admirable. θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό) Adjective admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid (archaic) brave (splendid) θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― brave new world. From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) +‎ -τος (-tos, adjective suffix). ____________________________________ θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine) Noun one who sees or goes to see. spectator, member of the audience in the theater. one who contemplates. θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές) spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker. From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to gaze at”) +‎ -της (-tēs, masculine agent noun suffix) ____________________________________ θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό) Adjective visible, in sight, seen η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon) ``` Synonym ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό) Adjective ("visible, in sight, seen") ____________________________________ ``` ``` θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) Noun theatre (UK), theater (US) theatre building, audience Όλο το θέατρο χειροκρότησε δυνατά. ― The whole theatre applauded loudly. θέατρο σκιών ― shadow theatre dramatic art theatre of war. ``` ____________________________________ αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο) Adjective invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon) ____________________________________ αθεάτριστος • (atheátristos) m (feminine αθεάτριστη, neuter αθεάτριστο) Adjective not theatregoing, ignorant of the theatre, untheatrical. ____________________________________ ``` θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension Noun theatre, gathering place play, spectacle. ____________________________________ ``` ἀμφῐθέᾱτρον • (amphithéātron) n (genitive ἀμφῐθέᾱτρου); second declension Noun amphitheatre, a double theatre. From ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”) +‎ θέᾱτρον (théātron, “theatre”). From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to view”) +‎ -τρον (-tron). -τρον • (-tron) n (genitive -τρου); second declension ("Forms instrument nouns") From Proto-Indo-European *-trom. *(é)-trom n Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument. ____________________________________ ``` θεάομαι Verb (passive) of the mind, contemplate. view as spectators, esp. in the theatre. gaze at, behold, mostly with a sense of wonder. ____________________________________ ``` θεῷ • (theôi) m or f Noun singular dative of θεός (theós) ``` θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess. ``` θεός • (theós) Adjective ("divine") ᾰ̓́θεος • (átheos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́θεον); second declension Adjective without gods rejecting or disdaining the belief in the gods (especially officially sanctioned gods) generally: godless, secular abandoned by the gods (lexicography) not derived from a theonym. ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ θεός (theós, “god”) θεός • (theós) m (plural θεοί, feminine θεά) Non (religion) god (supreme being or a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers) Ο θεός των Αράβων είναι ο Αλλάχ. ― O theós ton Arávon eínai o Allách. ― The god of the Arabs is Allah. Στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, ο Διόνυσος ήταν ο θεός του κρασιού. ― Stin archaía Elláda, o Diónysos ítan o theós tou krasioú. ― In Ancient Greece, Dionysus was the god of wine. Alternative letter-case form of Θεός (Theós). (figuratively) god, idol (something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed) Όσον αφορά μουσική, ο Μότσαρτ ήταν ο θεός του. ― Óson aforá mousikí, o Mótsart ítan o theós tou. ― With regard to music, Mozart was his god. Σε αυτόν τον κόσμο, δυστυχώς, τα λεφτά είναι ο θεός τους. ― Se aftón ton kósmo, dystychós, ta leftá eínai o theós tous. ― In this world, unfortunately, money is their god. (figuratively, colloquial) god, Greek god (exceedingly handsome man) Στην παραλία ήταν διάφοροι θεοί. ― Stin paralía ítan diáforoi theoí. ― There were several Greek gods on the beach. SYNONYMS ίνδαλμα • (índalma) n (plural ινδάλματα) ("idol, cultural icon") είδωλο • (eídolo) n (plural είδωλα) ("idol, reflection") ``` εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension phantom, ghost. shape, figure, image. image of the mind: idea, fancy. representation, statue, idol. From εἶδος (eîdos, “form”). ``` ``` εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods. From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”) from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas). वेदस् • (védas) n knowledge, science. property, wealth. From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”) from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos). ``` ``` From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (stative) ("to see") *wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative) *widónts (“seeing”) *wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”) ``` From εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) Verb to be seen, appear. (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do. (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like. (intransitive) to be like, to look like. From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”), compare the very closely related οἶδα (oîda). Cognate with Latin videō Sanskrit वेत्ति (vetti) εἶδος (eîdos, “form”) ἰδέα (idéa, “form”) ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”) ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”) οἶδᾰ • (oîda) (transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something] (with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one's heart (transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something] (transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something] (intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something] to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) (negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don't know if or whether, I doubt that (parenthetic) (a superlative is often followed by the phrase "ὧν ἴσμεν") ``` εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive. (strengthened) to look at, observe. to see a person, to meet, speak with them. to see, experience, become acquainted with. to look at or towards. to see mentally, to perceive. to examine, investigate. ``` Greek: είδα (eída) (perfective forms of βλέπω (vlépo) !!! All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by... ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι (ópsomai). FROM ENGLISH - wit from Old English witt (“understanding, intellect, sense, knowledge, consciousness, conscience”) witt n (nominative plural witt) ("mind, understanding, sense, sanity") wit (countable and uncountable, plural wits) (now usually in the plural, plural only) Sanity. He's gone completely out of his wits. (obsolete usually in the plural) The senses. Intellectual ability; faculty of thinking, reasoning. Where she has gone to is beyond the wit of man to say. The ability to think quickly; mental cleverness, especially under short time constraints. My father had a quick wit and a steady hand. Intelligence; common sense. The opportunity was right in front of you, and you didn't even have the wit to take it! Humour, especially when clever or quick. The best man's speech was hilarious, full of wit and charm. A person who tells funny anecdotes or jokes; someone witty. Your friend is quite a wit, isn't he? Old Saxon - witt (in several dialects, including Low Prussian) white (Low Prussian, by extension) clean. Derivation - ("White") ``` Old English - ġewitt ġewitt n wits, senses, (right) mind. knowledge, understanding, consciousness. The conscience. ``` From ġe- +‎ witt. (ġeƿitt) ġe- Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection. Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process". Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs. ġeƿitt n Alternative form of ġewitt. [edit] ƿitt n (nominative plural ƿitt) White, witt. Alternative form of witt. Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge, reason”) from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). ``` FROM LATIN - vidi vidi (third-person singular present vido, past participle veisto) Verb ("to see") videō (present infinitive vidēre, perfect active vīdī, supine vīsum); second conjugation Verb I see, perceive; look (at) Videsne eum venire? ― Do you see him coming? Synonyms: spectō, speciō, vīsō I observe, note I understand, perceive, comprehend. I look (at), consider, reflect (upon) I look out for, see to, care for, provide, make sure (passive) I am regarded, seem, appear 44 BCE, Cicero, Laelius de Amicitia 98: Virtute enim ipsa non tam multi praediti esse quam videri volunt For as to virtue itself, many want not so much as to be endowed with it as to seem so. (passive, used impersonally) It seems proper or right. From Proto-Italic *widēō, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”). From Latin vidēre present active infinitive of videō. vida (“visual”) vide (“visually”) vido (“sight, vision”) antaŭvidi (“to foresee”) ekvidi (“to glimpse”) pretervidi (“to look beyond; to overlook”) videbla (“visible”) videble (“visibly”) vidiĝi (“to appear”) vidinda (“worth seeing”) vidindaĵo (“tourist attraction”) Latin - vidi present vidas past vidis future vidos conditional vidus volitive vidu ____________________________________ ἀναθαυμάζω (anathaumázō) ἀποθαυμάζω (apothaumázō) ἐκθαυμάζω (ekthaumázō) ἐπιθαυμάζω (epithaumázō) θαυμαστός (thaumastós) προσθαυμάζω (prosthaumázō) συνθαυμάζω (sunthaumázō) ὑπερθαυμάζω (huperthaumázō) θαυμᾰτουργός (thaumatourgós) ``` οἱ θεώμενοι the spectators θώϋμᾰ (thṓüma) θῶμᾰ (thôma) – Ionic θωϋμάζω (thōümázō) – Ionic θωμάζω (thōmázō) – Ionic ``` ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ---------------------------------- SUFFIXES ``` -τος (-tos, adjective suffix). -ῐ́ζω • (-ízō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote: adhere to the policy of the city mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym ‎-ίζω (-ízō) + ‎Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → ‎λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō) -ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs. Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form. ‎ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + ‎-άζω (-ázō) → ‎ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”) -ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension Forms abstract nouns. -ισμός • (-ismós) m ("-ism") A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine. Rebracketing of the suffix -μός (-mós) appended to verbs in -ίζω (-ízō) / -ίζομαι (-ízomai) -μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension Forms abstract nouns. From Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-mos m Creates action/result nouns from verb stems. -ῐστής • (-istḗs) m (genitive -ῐστοῦ); first declension Alternative form of -τής (-tḗs) The agent-noun suffix -τής (-tḗs) added to the stem of a verb in -ίζω (-ízō). From Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs). When it is added to a verb, it is usually of the ending -ίζω (-ízo). -ῐ́ζω • (-ízō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote: adhere to the policy of the city mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym ‎-ίζω (-ízō) + ‎Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → ‎λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō) English: -ise, -ize Used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives to make what is denoted by the noun/adjective pixel - pixelize to do what is denoted by the noun/adjective cannibal - cannibalise Proto-Indo-European/-yéti *(Ø)-yéti Creates intransitive, often deponent, imperfective verbs from roots. -τής -αστής (-astḗs) -τής • (-tḗs) m (genitive -τοῦ); first declension Used to form agent nouns ‎Βακχεύω (Bakkheúō, “to keep the feast of Bacchus”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎Βακχευτής (Bakkheutḗs, “a Bacchanal”) ‎ἀγρεύω (agreúō, “to take by hunting”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎ἀγρευτής (agreutḗs, “a hunter”) ‎αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, “a spear”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎αἰχμητής (aikhmētḗs, “a spearman”) ‎αὐλέω (auléō, “to play on the flute”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎αὐλητής (aulētḗs, “a flute-player”) ‎πειράω (peiráō, “to make an attempt on something”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎πειρατής (peiratḗs, “a pirate, one who attacks ships”) ‎ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎ποιητής (poiētḗs, “a maker”) With -ίζω (-ízō) verbs: ‎ἑλληνίζω (hellēnízō, “to speak the Greek language”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎Ἑλληνιστής (Hellēnistḗs, “one who uses the Greek language”) ‎Ἡρακλειτίζω (Hērakleitízō, “to be a follower of Heraclitus”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎Ἡρακλειτιστής (Hērakleitistḗs, “follower of Heraclitus”) ‎ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai, “to compete for a prize”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “a competitor”) ‎βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to dip in or under water”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎βαπτιστής (baptistḗs, “one that dips, a baptizer”) ‎κιθαρίζω (kitharízō, “to play the cithara”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎κιθαριστής (kitharistḗs, “a player on the cithara”) (compare with the analogous recent guitarist) With -άζω (-ázō) verbs: ‎ἀγοράζω (agorázō, “to buy in the agora”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎ἀγοραστής (agorastḗs, “the slave who bought provisions for the house”) ‎βιάζω (biázō, “to use force”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎βιαστής (biastḗs, “one who uses force”) ‎δικάζω (dikázō, “to judge”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎δικαστής (dikastḗs, “a judge”) ‎ἐνθουσιάζω (enthousiázō, “to be inspired by god”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎ἐνθουσιαστής (enthousiastḗs, “one inspired by god”) ‎πελτάζω (peltázō, “to serve as a targeteer”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎πελταστής (peltastḗs, “one who bears a light shield, a targeteer”) With -όζω (-ózō) verbs: ‎ἁρμόζω (harmózō, “to fit together”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎ἁρμοστής (harmostḗs, “one who arranges or governs, a harmost”) With -ύζω (-úzō) verbs: ‎γογγύζω (gongúzō, “to murmur”) + ‎-τής (-tḗs) → ‎γογγυστής (gongustḗs, “a murmurer”) -έω • (-éō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os). -είω (-eíō) – Epic (etymology #3: verbs that are derived from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os) There are five main sources: Primary verbs (present verbs of the simple thematic class in origin) from roots ending in *-w-, *-y-, *-s- with intervocalic loss of this consonant: e.g. ῥέω (rhéō), δέω (déō), ζέω (zéō) Denominative verbs with *-eyéti, from *-e- (noun thematic vowel) + *-yéti (denominative suffix), usually from nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os) or -ον (-on): e.g. οἰκέω (oikéō) from οἶκος (oîkos), μετρέω (metréō) from μέτρον (métron) Denominative verbs with *-esyéti, usually from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os): e.g. τελέω (teléō) from τέλος (télos). These often have an alternative form in -είω (-eíō), for instance τελείω (teleíō). Stative verbs with *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix): e.g. φιλέω (philéō), ἀλγέω (algéō) Causative or frequentative verbs from o-grade of a root with *-éyeti (causative suffix): e.g. σοβέω (sobéō), φορέω (phoréō) ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides” -τήρ • (-tḗr) m (genitive -τῆρος); third declension Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns ‎δίδωμι (dídōmi, “(δω-, weak stem δο- to give”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎δωτήρ, δοτήρ (dōtḗr, dotḗr, “a giver”) ‎καθίημι (kathíēmi, “to let down, descend”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎καθετήρ (kathetḗr, “anything let down into”) ‎κλύζω (klúzō, “to wash, cleanse”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎κλυστήρ (klustḗr, “a clyster-pipe, syringe”) ‎ἵστημι (hístēmi, “(weak stem στα- to stand”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎στατήρ (statḗr, “a weight”) ‎χαράσσω (kharássō, “(χαράκ-j- to engrave”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “an engraver”) From Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr *(Ø)-tḗr m Derives agent nouns from verbs, denoting someone or something whose role or purpose it is to perform the verb's action. -τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective suffix ("Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, English -ive") ‎ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”) Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels ‎ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”) ‎ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”) ‎βλαβ- (blab-, “harm”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎βλαβ-τικός → βλαπτικός (blab-tikós → blaptikós, “harmful”) ‎πείθω (peíthō, “persuade”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎πειθ-τικός → πειστικός (peith-tikós → peistikós, “persuasive”) ‎πρᾱγ- (prāg-, “do”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎πρᾱγ-τικός → πρᾱκτικός (prāg-tikós → prāktikós, “pertaining to action”) _________________________________ ``` ἔποψῐς • (épopsis) f genitive - ἐπόψεως Noun ("Overview") a view over, as far as the view from the temple reached. oversight, supervision. ἐπ- (“over”) +‎ ὄψῐς (“view”) ``` ``` Synonym ἐφορᾰ́ω • (ephoráō) Verb to oversee, watch over to look upon, behold. From ἐπι- (over) +‎ ὁράω (see, watch, guard) ______________________________________ ``` ὁράω • (horáō) Verb (intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone] (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind (copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb] Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold δεινὸς ἰδεῖν deinòs ideîn horrible to look at (transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something] (transitive) To find out [+indirect question] ὅρᾱ εἰ ... ("see if/whether ...") (transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that ...] (intransitive and transitive, figuratively) ("To see with the mind, understand") ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; ("Do you see?") (transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone] From earlier *ϝοράω (*woráō) from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (“watcher, guardian”) Greek ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”) Latin vereor (“fear”) English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”). Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)). ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (rare) ("eye, face") The outward appearance of the face which creates the form of a unique identity or facial fingerprint. ὄμμᾰ • (ómma) n (genitive ὄμμᾰτος); third declension ``` (chiefly poetic) eye. the eye of heaven; i.e. the sun. (generally) light (figuratively) that which brings light. (figuratively) anything dear or precious, as the apple of an eye. the face or human form. an eye-hole in a helmet. ``` Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr) to judge. ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension care, concern quotations ▼ _______________________________________ ENGLISH aware (comparative more aware or awarer, superlative most aware or awarest) Vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty. Stay aware! Don't let your guard down. Conscious or having knowledge of something. Are you aware of what is being said about you? From Middle English aware, iwar, iware, ywar, from Old English ġewær (“aware, wary, cautious”), from ġe- (intensifying prefix) (English a-) + wær (English ware), from Proto-Germanic *gawaraz, *waraz (“aware, watchful, heedful, cautious”), from Proto-Indo-European *worós (“attentive”), from *wer- (“to heed; be watchful”). Cognate with Dutch gewaar (“aware, conscious”), German gewahr (“aware”), Swedish var (“watchful, wary, cautious”), Icelandic varr (“aware, watchful”). Replaced plain (unintensified) ware. Non-Germanic cognates include Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) and Latin vereor (“I revere, fear”). English - wary (comparative warier, superlative wariest) Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, trickery, and dangers; suspiciously prudent Synonyms: circumspect, scrupulous, careful He is wary of dogs. Characterized by caution; guarded; careful; on one's guard thrifty, provident Synonyms[edit] cautious, guarded, careful, chary. From the adjective ware +‎ -y. From Middle English waren (“to be ware, be on guard, be mindful, protect, guard”) from Old English warian from Proto-Germanic *warōną. Cognate with Saterland Frisian woarje (“to guard”). English - ware (third-person singular simple present wares, present participle waring, simple past and past participle wared) (obsolete or dialectal) To be ware or mindful of something. (obsolete) To protect or guard (especially oneself); to be on guard, be wary. Ware thee. ― Watch yourself. English - ward ward (plural wards) Protection, defence. (obsolete) A guard or watchman; now replaced by warden. The action of a watchman; monitoring, surveillance (usually in phrases keep ward etc.). Guardianship, especially of a child or prisoner. An enchantment or spell placed over a designated area, or a social unit, that prevents any tresspasser from entering, approaching or even from being able to locate said protected premises. (historical, Scots law) Land tenure through military service. (fencing) A guarding or defensive motion or position. A protected place, and by extension, a type of subdivision. An area of a castle, corresponding to a circuit of the walls. A section or subdivision of a prison. An administrative division of a borough, city or council. On our last visit to Tokyo, we went to Chiyoda ward and visited the Emperor's palace. (Britain) A division of a forest. (Mormonism) A subdivision of the LDS Church, smaller than and part of a stake, but larger than a branch. A part of a hospital, with beds, where patients reside. A person under guardianship. A minor looked after by a guardian. After the trial, little Robert was declared a ward of the state. (obsolete) An underage orphan. An object used for guarding. The ridges on the inside of a lock, or the incisions on a key. From Middle English ward, warde, from Old English weard (“watching, ward, protection, guardianship; advance post; waiting for, lurking, ambuscade”), from Proto-Germanic *wardō (“protection, attention, keeping”), an extension of the stem *wara- (“attentive”) (English wary, beware), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”). Cognate with German Warte (“watchtower”), warten (“wait for”); English guard is a parallel form which came via Old French. ward (plural wards) (archaic or obsolete) A guard; a guardian or watchman. From Middle English ward, from Old English weard (“keeper, watchman, guard, guardian, protector; lord, king; possessor”), from Proto-Germanic *warduz (“guard, keeper”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed, defend”). Cognate with German Wart. ``` Old English - weard m ( ƿeard ) ("guardian, watchman") weard f ("guard") From Proto-Germanic *wardaz, related to a stem-verb *warōną (“be on guard”) (whence warian). Cognate with Old High German warta (“watch”) (German Warte (“watchtower”)), Old Saxon warda (Middle Dutch warde), Old Norse varða (“cairn”). ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps) ὄψῐς • (ópsis) f (genitive ὄψεως); third declension Noun ("view") From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) +‎ -σῐς (forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). (psychological) Opinion, judgement, imagination. ("A mental image") Examples... I need more information to get a better view of the situation. A way of understanding something, an opinion, a theory. Your view on evolution is based on religion, not on scientific findings. A point of view. From my view that is a stupid proposition. An intention or prospect. He smuggled a knife into prison with a view to using it as a weapon. ὀπτῐκός • (optikós) m (feminine ὀπτῐκή, neuter ὀπτῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective ("of or relating to seeing, sight or vision") From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) +‎ -τῐκός (forms adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive). ___________________________________ LATIN - aware vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent Verb I have respect for, revere, stand in awe. I am afraid, fear; dread. From Proto-Italic *werēōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “see”) < ϝοράω (woráō), and English aware [1] and wary. from Proto-Indo-European *wer- *wer- to cover, heed, take notice. Synonyms timeō (present infinitive timēre, perfect active timuī); second conjugation, no supine stem I fear, am afraid. Usage notes The verb timeō is a Latin verb of fearing. From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to choke" related to Vedic Sanskrit तम् (tam, “to choke”) and Sanskrit तम् (tam, “breathless, difficulty breathing”). __________________________________ ῐ̔́στωρ • (hístōr) m (genitive ῐ̔́στορος); third declension Noun one who knows law and right, judge (witness, a wise man") ``` From *wéydtōr m one who has seen, one who knows. From *weyd- +‎ *-tōr. From Proto-Indo-European / *weyd- *weyd- (stative) to see. From Proto-Indo-European / *wóyde *wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative) *widónts (“seeing”) *wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”) ``` ``` From Proto-Indo-European / *-tōr *(é)-tōr m Derives agent nouns from verbs, denoting someone or something who has performed the verb's action. From Ancient Greek: -τωρ (-tōr) -τωρ • (-tōr) m (genitive -τορος); third declension Used to form agent nouns δώτωρ (dṓtōr, “a giver”) from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”) ``` ῐ̔στορέω • (historéō) Verb to inquire, ask (of someone, or regarding someone/something) to examine, observe to record, give an account of what one has learned. ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry written account of such inquiries, narrative, history. From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “I inquire”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”). see: ιστορία ("academic subject, study of history") ``` Latin - historia f (plural historias) history story (a sequence of events) The letter H in the Spanish phonetic alphabet. historia f (genitive historiae); first declension History. Account. Story. (Medieval Latin, England) storey ``` From Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía, “learning through research, narration of what is learned”), from ἱστορέω (historéō, “to learn through research, to inquire”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “the one who knows, the expert, the judge”). ιστορικό • (istorikó) n (plural ιστορικά) Noun (historical) time-line, history, event log. (medicine) medical records, case history. ιστορικό • (istorikó) m or f Accusative singular form of ιστορικός (istorikós) (historian) ιστορικός • (istorikós) m (feminine ιστορική, neuter ιστορικό) As a Adjective ("historical, historic") ιστορικός • (istorikós) m or f (plural ιστορικοί) As a non n ("historian") ``` ιστορικό n (istorikó, “history, event log, case study”) ιστορικός c (istorikós, “historian”) ιστορικός (istorikós, “historical”) ιστορικά (istoriká, “historically”) ιστορικώς (istorikós, “historically”) ``` ιστορικά • (istoriká) n Noun Nominative plural form of ιστορικό (istorikó). Accusative plural form of ιστορικό (istorikó). Vocative plural form of ιστορικό (istorikó).

Answer 255

TO MAKE DIVINE? ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō) Verb ("I deify") From ἀπο- (apo-) +‎ θεός (“god, deity”) +‎ -όω (verb) From ἀποθεόω (“deify”) +‎ -σῐς (Forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). From Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis), from verb ἀποθεόω (apotheóō, “deify”) (factitive verb formed from θεός (theós, “God”) with intensive prefix ἀπο- (apo-)) + -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”). Surface analysis apo- +‎ theo- +‎ -sis. apotheosis (countable and uncountable, plural apotheoses) Noun The fact or action of becoming or making into a god; deification. Synonym: deification Glorification, exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status. Synonyms: exaltation, glorification The turn of the century saw the apotheosis of digital technology. A glorified example or ideal; the apex or pinnacle (of a concept or belief). Synonyms: apex, paragon The best moment or highest point in the development of something, for example of a life or career; the apex, culmination, or climax (of a development). Synonyms: apex, climax, culmination, peak, pinnacle The apotheosis of her career was her appointment as chairman. (loosely) Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death. Synonym: death (psychology) The latent entity that mediates between a person's psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this. ____________________________________ ``` apo- Prefix away from, or separate without, or lacking (chemistry) derived from, or related to (biochemistry) the apoprotein form of the protein From the preposition ἀπό (“from, away from”), From the Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) Hence the English words off and of, Latin ab- (away from). ``` ____________________________________ deification (usually uncountable, plural deifications) The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis. Excessive praise. A deified embodiment. ____________________________________ SUFFIX -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ____________________________________ From ἀπο- (“from”) +‎ δείκνυμι (“to point out, show”). From ἀπό (“back again”) and δόσις (“gift”) _________________________________ ``` ἀπόδοσις • (apódosis) f (genitive ἀποδόσεως); third declension Noun giving back, restitution, return. payment. assignment, attribution. rendering by way of definition. (grammar) clause answering to the protasis. interpretation, explanation. ``` 𐀀𐀢𐀉𐀯 (a-pu-du-si) Noun ("delivery, attribution") Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις (give back). attribution (countable and uncountable, plural attributions) The act of attributing something. An explicit or formal acknowledgment of ownership or authorship. The attribution of the quote is widely regarded as dubious. attribūtiō f (genitive attribūtiōnis); third declension Verb ("assignment of a debt, predicate, attribute") ``` attribuō (present infinitive attribuere, perfect active attribuī, supine attribūtum); third conjugation Verb I associate I add or join to I annex I assign, bestow or give I allot I appoint. ``` ad- (“to or toward”) +‎ tribuō (“I grant or bestow”) tribuō (present infinitive tribuere, perfect active tribuī, supine tribūtum); third conjugation, limited passive Verb (transitive) I grant, bestow. (transitive) I yield, give up, concede, allow. tribus f (genitive tribūs); fourth declension Noun One of the three original tribes of Rome: Ramnes, Tities, Luceres. A division of the Roman people. A tribe. The mob, the lower classes. A compound from the stem of trēs (“three”) Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), thus Proto-Indo-European *tri-dʰh₁o- (“rendered in three, tripartite”) Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”). Sanskrit त्रिधा (tridhā, “threefold”) tribus (taxonomy) tribe. tribe (plural tribes) A socially, ethnically, or politically cohesive group of people. (anthropology) A society larger than a band but smaller than a state. (zoology) A group of apes who live and work together. The collective noun for various animals. (taxonomy) A hierarchal rank between family and genus. (stock breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line. the Duchess tribe of shorthorns. ad- Prefix ("to, toward") In many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense. Usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, near, at”). _________________________________ SUFFIX (-atio) (-tion) -tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension. -tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”) quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”) Extension of Proto-Indo-European *-tis. See also Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂-. *(é)-tis f Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots. -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Prefix ("Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process") *-Hō Derives adjectives, nouns denoting burden, authority. *h₂ep-h₃on- (“river”) accūsātiō f (genitive accūsātiōnis); third declension An accusation, indictment, complaint. A rebuke, reproof, reproach. From accūsō (“blame, accuse”) +‎ -tiō From ad (“to, towards, at”) + causa (“cause, reason, account, lawsuit”). +‎ -tiō ("used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action") ______________________________________ PREDICATE predicate (third-person singular simple present predicates, present participle predicating, simple past and past participle predicated) Verb (transitive) To announce, assert, or proclaim publicly. (transitive) To assume or suppose; to infer. (transitive, originally US) to base (on); to assert on the grounds of. (transitive, grammar) To make a term (or expression) the predicate of a statement. (transitive, logic) To assert or state as an attribute or quality of something. From Latin praedicātus, perfect passive participle of praedicō (“publish, declare, proclaim”), from prae + dicō (“proclaim, dedicate”), related to dīcō (“say, tell”). PREFIX prae before in front Preposition Edit prae (+ ablative) before in front of because of. From Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i. *preh₂- ("before, in front") From *per- (“before”). Celtic *ɸare ("in front of") _________________________________ DELIVERY delivery (countable and uncountable, plural deliveries) ``` The act of conveying something. The delivery was completed by four. delivery of a nuclear missile to its target The item which has been conveyed. Your delivery is on the table. The act of giving birth The delivery was painful. (baseball) A pitching motion. His delivery has a catch in it. (baseball) A thrown pitch. Here is the delivery; ... strike three! The manner of speaking. The actor's delivery was flawless. (medicine) The administration of a drug. Drug delivery system. (cricket) A ball bowled. (curling) The process of throwing a stone. (genetics) Process of introducing foreign DNA into host cells. _________________________________ ``` ἀποδίδωμι • (apodídōmi) to give up or back, restore, return, to render what is due, pay. to assign. to refer to one, as belonging to his department. to return, render, yield. to concede, allow, to suffer or allow a person to do. (like ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeíknumi)) to render or make. to exhibit, display. to deliver over, give up. to deliver. to bring to a conclusion, wind it up. to render, give an account. to render, give an account, to define, interpret. to attach or append, make dependent upon. to affirm. (intransitive) to increase. to return, recur. (in rhetoric and grammar). to be construed with, refer to. (middle) to give away of one's own will, to sell. _________________________________ ἀποδείκνῡμῐ • (apodeíknūmi) Verb I demonstrate, point out, show proclaim, appoint. _________________________________ απόδοση • (apódosi) f (plural αποδόσεις) ("performance, yield, efficiency") (grammar) apodosis. apodosis (plural apodoses) (logic, grammar) The "consequential clause" in a conditional sentence. In "I will be coming if this weather holds up", "I will be coming" is the apodosis. from Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις, from ἀπό (“back again”) and δόσις (“gift”) ``` δίδωμι • (dídōmi) Verb I give, present, offer I grant, allow, permit (perfect active) to allow; (perfect passive) to be allowed. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplicated present of *deh₃- (“to give”). ``` Cognates include Latin dō ("I give") Tertium non datur.law of excluded middle A third [possibility] is not given: Synonym: dōnō ("I offer, render") Synonym: dōnō ("I yield, surrender, concede") ``` Sanskrit ददाति (to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to) From Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (d-d-a-tu-u-v) ("To give, to take") _________________________________________ A heroon or herõon (/hɪˈroʊ.ɒn/; Greek ἡρῷον, plural ἡρῷα, heroa), also latinized as heroum, was a shrine dedicated to an ancient Greek or Roman hero and used for the commemoration or cult worship of the hero. It was often erected over his or her supposed tomb or cenotaph. The Romans and the Greeks practised an extensive and widespread cult of heroes. Heroes played a central role in the life of a polis, giving the city a shared focus for its identity. The cult typically centred on the heroon in which the hero's bones were usually believed to be contained. In a sense, the hero was considered still to be alive; he was offered meals and was imagined to be sharing feasts. His allegiance was seen as vitally important to the continued well-being of the city. This led to struggles between Greek cities for control of heroic remains. Greek literature records how Cimon of Athens avenged the death of the legendary hero Theseus in 469 BC, finding a set of bones allegedly belonging to the hero and returning with them in triumph to Athens. Similarly, Herodotus records in his Histories that the Spartans raided the heroon of the city of Tegea, stealing the bones of Orestes. This was regarded as changing the hero's allegiance from Tegea to Sparta, ensuring that the Spartans could defeat the Tegeans as foretold by the Oracle of Delphi.[1] (For an analogous practice in ancient Rome, see evocatio). _______________________________________ EVOCATIO The "calling forth" or "summoning away" of a deity was an evocatio, from evoco, evocare, "summon." The ritual was conducted in a military setting either as a threat during a siege or as a result of surrender, and aimed at diverting the favor of a tutelary deity from the opposing city to the Roman side, customarily with a promise of better-endowed cult or a more lavish temple.[191] As a tactic of psychological warfare, evocatio undermined the enemy's sense of security by threatening the sanctity of its city walls (see pomerium) and other forms of divine protection. In practice, evocatio was a way to mitigate otherwise sacrilegious looting of religious images from shrines. Recorded examples of evocations include the transferral of Juno Regina ("Juno the Queen", originally Etruscan Uni) from Veii in 396 BC;[193] the ritual performed by Scipio Aemilianus in 146 BC at the defeat of Carthage, involving Tanit (Juno Caelestis);[194] and the dedication of a temple to an unnamed, gender-indeterminate deity at Isaura Vetus in Asia Minor in 75 BC.[195] Some scholars think that Vortumnus (Etruscan Voltumna) was brought by evocation to Rome in 264 BC as a result of M. Fulvius Flaccus's defeat of the Volsinii.[196] In Roman myth, a similar concept motivates the transferral of the Palladium from Troy to Rome, where it served as one of the pignora imperii, sacred tokens of Roman sovereignty.[197] Compare invocatio, the "calling on" of a deity. ___________________________________ INVOCATIO The addressing of a deity in a prayer or magic spell is the invocatio, from invoco, invocare, "to call upon" the gods or spirits of the dead.[274] The efficacy of the invocatio depends on the correct naming of the deity, which may include epithets, descriptive phrases, honorifics or titles, and arcane names. The list of names (nomina) is often extensive, particularly in magic spells; many prayers and hymns are composed largely of invocations.[275] The name is invoked in either the vocative[276] or the accusative case.[277] In specialized usage pertaining to augural procedure, invocatio is a synonym for precatio, but specifically aimed at averting mala, evil occurrences. The equivalent term in ancient Greek religion is epiklesis.[279] Pausanias distinguished among the categories of theonym proper, poetic epithet, the epiclesis of local cult, and an epiclesis that might be used universally among the Greeks.[280] Epiclesis remains in use by some Christian churches for the invocation of the Holy Spirit during the Eucharistic prayer. ``` κᾰλέω • (kaléō) Verb I call, summon I invite I invoke (law) I summon, sue I demand, require I call by name (passive) I am called, my name is. ``` ``` καλώ • (kaló) (simple past κάλεσα, passive καλούμαι) Verb call, hail (someone by name) summon, invite dial, ring (by telephone) From Ancient Greek καλέω (“call”) προσκαλώ (“to call for”) προσκαλώ • (proskaló) (simple past προσκάλεσα, passive προσκαλούμαι) Verb ("invite, summon, call for") ``` *kelh₁- ("to call, cry, summon") From Latin: clāmō (“to shout”) Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”) clāmō (present infinitive clāmāre, perfect active clāmāvī, supine clāmātum); first conjugation I cry out, clamor, shout, I exclaim (Medieval Latin) I call, I call to. (Medieval Latin) I address as, call by name. ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ • (ekklēsíā) f (genitive ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun ("assembly, congregation, church") From ἔκκλητος (“summoned”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun suffix) From ἐκκαλέω (“to call forth, summon”) From ἐκ (out from,derived from) + καλέω (to call). Cognate with Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), κληδών (klēdṓn, “report, fame”), κλήση (klḗsē, “to call”), κέλαδος (kélados, “noise”) κλήση • (klísi) f (plural κλήσεις) Noun (telephony) call υπεραστική κλήση ― yperastikí klísi ― long-distance call (law) summons, subpoena (law) ticket, parking ticket (for a traffic violation, etc) (computing, programing) call (to procedure, etc) ``` κλίση • (klísi) f (plural κλίσεις) Noun inclination, tilt, steepness, slope inclination, disposition, tendency (grammar) inflection; declension; conjugation. ``` κλίνω (klíno, “to bend, to inflect”) κλίνω • (klíno) (simple past έκλινα, passive κλίνομαι) (transitive) bend, slant (transitive, figuratively) tend (intransitive, grammar) inflect, decline, conjugate. αποκλίνω (“to lean over, to diverge”) αποκλίνω • (apoklíno) (simple past απέκλινα) ("to diverge") ("lean, lean over") συγκλίνω (“to converge”) ____________________________________ PREFIX ἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive) (of place) (of motion) Out of, from from, with the source of to denote change from one place or condition to another to express separation of distinction from a number (of position) outside, beyond (of time) from, since (of particular points of time) just, after during, in (of origin) (of materials) made out of something (of descent, parentage) descended from (of causation) done by someone, something of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done from, according to turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb (with numerals) in such an order ____________________________________ PREFIX ἐπῐ́ • (epí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative) From *h₁epi Adverb ("on, at, near") ``` (+ genitive) on, upon (on the upper surface of) quotations ▼ καθέζεται ἐπὶ θρόνου. kathézetai epì thrónou. He sits down on the throne. on (supported by) quotations ▼ (mostly post-Homeric) in quotations ▼ at, near quotations ▼ (of ships) at (dependent upon) ὁρμεῖν ἐπ’ ἀγκύρας hormeîn ep’ ankúras to ride at anchor (with reflexive or personal pronoun) by oneself ἐφ’ ἑαυτῶν ἐχώρουν eph’ heautôn ekhṓroun They proceeded by themselves. (with numerals, of a body of soldiers) deep quotations ▼ ἐτάχθησαν ἐπὶ τεττάρων etákhthēsan epì tettárōn They formed a line four men deep. (with a person) before (in the presence of) quotations ▼ in the case of; on quotations ▼ ἐπὶ τῶν πλουσίων […] αἰσθάνομαι epì tôn plousíōn […] aisthánomai In the case of the rich, I can see that […] in the time of quotations ▼ (of authority, power, etc.) in quotations ▼ οἰ έπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων oi épì tôn pragmátōn the [men] in power on (an occasion) quotations ▼ (+ dative) on, upon quotations ▼ καθέζεται ἐπὶ θρόνῳ. kathézetai epì thrónōi. He sits down on the throne. in quotations ▼ at, near quotations ▼ over quotations ▼ in honor of quotations ▼ against quotations ▼ in addition to, over, besides quotations ▼ (with duplication of head noun) after quotations ▼ ὄγχνη ἐπ’ ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει ónkhnē ep’ ónkhnēi gēráskei One pear after another ripens. in the power of quotations ▼ according to quotations ▼ (of conditions or circumstances) in, with quotations ▼ (of time, never in proper Attic) at, on quotations ▼ (of time) after quotations ▼ (expressing a cause) on account of, for quotations ▼ (expressing a purpose) for quotations ▼ (of a condition) on quotations ▼ for (i.e. in exchange for) quotations ▼ (of a name) for quotations ▼ in charge of quotations ▼ (+ accusative) onto (the upper surface of) quotations ▼ ἀνέβαινεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον anébainen epì tòn híppon He got up onto the horse. to quotations ▼ up to, as far as quotations ▼ (with a person) to before, into the presence of quotations ▼ (of an army) deep quotations ▼ to or into a certain side quotations ▼ against quotations ▼ over quotations ▼ (of time) for, during quotations ▼ (of time) up to, until quotations ▼ for (the purpose of) quotations ▼ for (with respect to) quotations ▼ over (in command of) quotations ▼ (without a noun) as well, besides (often with δέ (dé)) quotations ▼ ``` ἔπειμῐ • (épeimi) Verb ("to come upon, to approach") From ἐπῐ- (“on, against”) +‎ εἶμῐ (“to go”)

Answer 256

νομίζω (nomízo, “to think, to believe that”)

Answer 257

THEORY - GOD IN MIND θεος The word θεος (theos) means God, but although that may seem like an open-and-shut case it really isn't. In fact, our word θεος (theos) is fantastically complicated. To start with, it also covers humans (JOHN 10:34) and even what seems to be the devil (2 CORINTHIANS 4:4). There's clearly more to the word θεος (theos) than simply offering a kind of genus for the Creator to be classified as. In the New Testament, this noun occurs 1340 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. Let's have a look at this mysterious word. When people began to call upon the Name Our word stems from a time when every detail of human existence was permeated with theology (in the broadest sense of the word), easily up to the modern levels of pervasion of the entertainment and health industries combined. And additionally, back then our word theos was understood in the etymological context of what it represented. It was a word that clearly came out of a verbal neighborhood that included everyday verbs and adjectives that all had to do with what theos meant. In other words: back then, even if you could find someone with absolutely no knowledge of theology, the word for God still actually meant something. It was a word like "shopper" that upon its inception was immediately and by everybody understood to describe a person who had something to do with a shop (whether a workshop or a place of retail), and which only after much usage attained the meaning of someone who purchases something in a shop rather than the proprietor of one (the verb "to shop" meant being a shopkeeper for about a hundred years, until the late 18th century when it came to mean to buy something). Today, on the other hand, the word "God" is a technical term, which only means something to people who know something about theology (in its broadest sense). Its etymology is obscure, and its inherent meaning isn't clear at all. In that regard, the term "God" is like the term "item nr. 15" that means only something if you also have the IKEA assembly instructions that show what "item nr 15" might be and how it fits the furniture you're trying to assemble. The whole big screaming deal about theology these days is that there's no real consensus about what sort of furniture we're trying to assemble. In fact, much friction between theological models is exactly that: a difference in opinion about what theology is, rather than what and who God is. Until the European Renaissance of the 15th century there were no scholarly disciplines. What today is a delta of largely isolated scientific and artistic disciplines was until the Renaissance a unified river of knowledge. A person of learning (a.k.a. a wise one, or wizard) knew everything about everything (1 Kings 4:33). The primary purpose of knowing things — knowing when to sow, when to harvest, how to track prey, how to battle threats, how to respond to a complex international social market — was to create security and thus increase people's chances of survival (see our article on the word πιστις, pistis, meaning "faith" or rather "that which one is sure about", for more on this). And all details of all knowledge added up to the unified quest for the basic operating principle of the universe. There were and still are two main schools of thought about that: school A and school B: Star Wars vs. Star Trek Adherents to school A figure that the world is a stage and all must play a part. In this model all creatures are like stars that happen to hang in empty space; take away the stars and the empty space remains, and if nobody does anything then nothing gets done. Competition is thus everything and the stronger guy is better than the weaker guy. The invisible forces that so obviously run the world (collectively known as theoi; whether seen as inanimate or living) must hence work the same way, and this in turn leads to belief in a pantheon of theoi that compete among each other as much as men do. School B, on the other hand, believes that the actors are not on the stage but bring about the stage because collectively they are the stage. School B is all about unity, no matter how complex, because unity drives complexity. School B understands that the diversity of all human culture is due to its unity, just like the diversity of the biosphere is due to its unity, just like the unity of the singularity from whence the entire expanding universe came was never compromised. In this model, all things, including stars, come with the space in which they sit — take away the stars and you'll also lose the space. And even when nobody would do anything, the whole of the unity still progresses, hence altering the communal stage and forcing the actors do react. School B does not believe in multiplicity and competition but in unity and diversity. Where school A believes in a stationary universe, school B believes in an inherently progressing universe. To school A, we're all players in a grand casino; while some might amass a fortune, most lose everything and the house always wins. To school B we're all rowers on a boat whose rudder is controlled by natural progression. We will either, at some point, arrive at the only possible dock available, or succumb to lack of cooperation and die half way the great passage. School A will try to address the much remote deity and entice him (her/them) to do something he is evidently not doing on his own (the secular branch of school A speaks optimistically of "harnessing the forces of nature"). School A knows better than even the deity and sets out to change the deity, or at least his mind. To them the deity is a big horse that pulls the cart of existence to wherever they instruct the deity to lumber. School B sees the deity indeed separate but not remote, indeed not part of creation but intimately involved with it (the way the second dimension of a two-dimensional plane touches a one-dimensional line in its every point while still remaining separate from it). To them the deity continues to form the universe and leads it like an attractor toward a mirror image of himself, rather the way DNA replicates. Their prayers don't try to change the deity's mind but their own (MATTHEW 6:10). They want to become like God, not the other way around (Psalm 25:4). YHWH is God, and YHWH is One To school B, God is YHWH and is not simply One because there is no other or because he his stronger than the others: he is the Oneness of the whole. He is not simply the pantheistic whole, but the Oneness of the whole. This Oneness was there before the whole began, and will be there when the whole achieves completion. That is how Jesus could say the he and the Father are One (JOHN 10:30) and that he is in the Father and the Father is in him (JOHN 14:10), while at the same time all believers are in Jesus and Jesus is in them (JOHN 14:20) and all believers must be one just like he and the Father are one (JOHN 17:21-22). It's also the reason why in the last century scientists have become convinced that all forces of nature are in fact one (called the Grand Unified Force), which at lower energy levels breaches like an unfolding umbrella into the familiar four fundamental forces Gravity, Electromagnetism, and the Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces, without losing their consistency. But physicists know what school B knows, namely that a breach of symmetry does not entail a breach of unity. The natural laws by which the universe was created and upon which creation, including mankind, was designed to operate, is in the Bible known as the Word of God; a living and communicating being (JOHN 1:3, Genesis 15:1, JOHN 1:14). Understanding how the universe works leads to a kind of liberation that frees the individual (JOHN 8:32) and brings about a human society in which the Creator is an essential element. This is the reason why both the Father and Jesus blatantly call theoi the people "to whom the Word of God came" (Psalm 82:6, JOHN 10:34-35). You are what you know, after all. All this has certainly nothing to do with church buildings or marble statues or religions of any sort (REVELATION 21:22). In fact, the heroes of both the Old and the New Testaments have much more in common with post-Renaissance scientists (1 Kings 4:33-34) than with post-Renaissance clergy, and unanimously abhorred religious regalia and ritualistic vanity. The Roman imperial machine required its subjects to pay homage to the deified state and its Caesar, and true truth-seekers didn't feel like doing so. This is why they were executed in droves and this is also why the first century Roman historian Cassius Dio could define atheism as "a charge on which many others who drifted into Jewish ways were condemned" (Hist.67.14). The Grand Unified Theory is commonly envisioned as a united cluster of smaller but immutable man-made theories, precisely identical to the pantheon of marble representations of the theoi of the school A models. School B, on the other hand, has since time immemorial tried to make clear that no marble image (εικον, eikon) could ever represent anything remotely connected to any kind of world-governing natural force (Exodus 20:3-5, ACTS 17:29). If you would want to represent the Creator, or the divine unity of all governing forces of nature (COLOSSIANS 1:17-18, Isaiah 9:6), you'd have to come up with something very much alive (COLOSSIANS 1:15, HEBREWS 1:3). That is why Jesus Christ is presented as he in whom are hidden the treasure (thesauros, see below) of all knowledge and wisdom (COLOSSIANS 2:3, see ROMANS 1:20 and Hosea 4:6). Furthermore, the government of the Word of God is not a government by some unapproachable emperor in an ivory tower far away, but from the same laws to which atoms listen (Deuteronomy 30:14, Jeremiah 31:33, ROMANS 2:15). It's the very set of rules by which we exist in the first place that will then govern our whole society, and it will feel the same as being entirely free. The authors of the New Testament where part of a revolution in theology, of people who called the Creator by such intimate and near equal terms as mister (kurios) and even father. God's etymological neighborhood In the pagan world, the invisible world of the divine was thought to consist of many interacting θεοι (theoi), and one of those sub-currents of the greater river would be called a θεος (theos). In the Judaic world view the singular word theos came to denote not just one individual but the living oneness of all lifeless and living theoi ("as indeed there are many theoi" — 1 CORINTHIANS 8:5). This same principle of the one-and-the-many sits in the Hebrew word for God, namely אלהים (elohim), which is a plural word just like theoi but used grammatically in a singular way. From this plural word came the singular אלה (eloah) in much the same way as the singular word theos came from the plural theoi. But in the Bible the words theos and eloah are equivalent to the whole pagan pantheon, not just one element of that pantheon. This original plural word theoi probably came from (and means the same as) the plural of the noun θετης (thetes), which is "one who sets/places". This word does not occur in the New Testament but in Cratylus, Plato uses this word in the sense of giving a name, that is: a formal identity (Crat.389, see Genesis 2:19, Isaiah 43:1, and REVELATION 2:17 via Isaiah 62:2). This noun θετης (thetes) in turn comes from the ubiquitous verb τιθημι (tithemi), meaning to place or set — basically what a chess player would do with chess pieces (MATTHEW 5:15, 1 CORINTHIANS 12:18, ACTS 1:7: "what the Father has set"). The first person single future form of this verb is θησω (theso), meaning "I will set", and it's the root of words like θεσαυρος (thesauros), meaning treasure (MATTHEW 6:20, COLOSSIANS 2:3) and νουθετεω (noutheteo), literally meaning to mind-set but used in the sense of to warn or admonish (ACTS 20:31, ROMANS 15:14). Equally intriguing are the visual similarities between our word θεος, its feminine counterpart θεα (thea, meaning Goddess) and the verb θαομαι (theaomai), meaning to wonder, and its derived middle deponent verb θεαομαι (theaomai), meaning to behold or contemplate intently (JOHN 8:10, MATTHEW 6:1). From the latter verb comes the familiar noun θεατρον (theatron), or theatre (ACTS 19:29). From the primary verb θαομαι (thaomai) also comes the noun θαυμα (thauma), meaning wonder or admiration (REVELATION 17:6) and its associated verb θαυμαζω (thaumazo), meaning to wonder (MATTHEW 8:10, LUKE 7:9). From our secondary verb θεαομαι (theaomai) comes the noun θεωρος (theoros), literally meaning an observer or observed one. This extra-Biblical word became used to denote an envoy sent to divine kings or to oracles or to show up at functions instead of someone represented. From this noun in turn comes the familiar verb θεωρεω (theoreo), meaning to gaze intently in order to get all the details (MARK 15:47, LUKE 14:29), and from that verb comes the even more familiar noun θεωρια (theoria), meaning a viewing or sight (LUKE 23:48). Quite fittingly, this noun is the origin of our English word "theory" or — dare we say it? — "goddery". Theory is literally god-business. Derivations and compound words Our word θεος (theos) comes with a small array of derivatives, and serves as element in several compound words: Together with the preposition α (a), meaning without: the familiar adjective αθεος (atheos), meaning atheist(ic). In the Bible it occurs only in EPHESIANS 2:12, where it describes the condition of being without Christ. Our modern world sports this word as a symbol of scientific reason (versus the "faith" it purports to oppose) but originally this word was properly on a par with αλογια (alogia), without reason (ACTS 25:27, JUDE 1:10). The feminine version of θεος (theos), namely θεα (thea), obviously meaning Goddess. This word occurs only in ACTS 19:27, 19:35 and 19:37 where it describes Artemis of Ephesus. The adjective θειος (theios), which means godly in the sense of something pertaining to God: an essential quality of the divine. In Greek literature this adjective appears all over the place — sometimes as substantive denoting the divine in general; sometimes as a superhuman quality ascribed to human heroes; sometimes to describe the acts of the Gods — but in the New Testament only in ACTS 17:29, 2 PETER 1:3 and 1:4. The noun θειοτης (theiotes), meaning divinity or rather "divineness" to distinguish it from the previous word. In the classics this word is used sporadically; sometimes to denote piety and sometimes as title of the Roman emperor. In the New Testament this word occurs in ROMANS 1:20 only. Together with the verb διδασκω (didasko), meaning to teach: the adjective θεοδιδακτος (theodidaktos), meaning taught by God (1 THESSALONIANS 4:9 only, but also see JOHN 6:45). This concept comes from Isaiah 53:4 where the prophet says "And all your sons will be taught of (or will teach about) YHWH and great will be the peace of your sons". Together with the verb μαχομαι (machomai), meaning to fight or quarrel with: the adjective θεομαχος (theomachos), meaning god-fighter (ACTS 5:39 only). From this adjective comes: The verb θεομαχεω (theomacheo), meaning to fight with God (ACTS 23:9 only). Together with the verb πνεω (pneo), meaning to blow or to inspire: the contended adjective θεοπνευστος (theopneustos), meaning god-breathed or divinely inspired. This mind-boggling act is demonstrated a few times in the Bible (Genesis 2:7, JOHN 20:22) but this adjective occurs only in 2 TIMOTHY 3:16, where Paul writes that all writing is god-breathed. With this he obviously means all writing — such as the extra-Biblical legend of Jannes and Jambres, which he mentions a few verses prior — and not only so-called sacred writings, let alone the Bible the way we have it simply because much of it hadn't been produced at the time of Paul's writing. In other words: if you can convey the gospel by referring to Shakespeare, Star Trek or Masha and the Bear, by all means don't hold back. Paul probably also not so much referred to what was written about but rather the very miracle of the existence of script itself. In order for a writing system to exist, an incredible level of cooperation and convention across a vast region must be in place. Prior to this happening, folks of extraordinary vision and powers of persuasion have to travel extensively and somehow convince people of the benefit of this convention before it can be demonstrated. Writing allowed information to be permanently stored in and retrieved without degradation from a medium other than a forgetful and perishable human brain, which made the Psalmist exclaim: "You will not allow your Holy One [the Word] to undergo decay" (Psalm 16:10). Writing boosted the levels of science and whatever knowledge was once available only to specialized priests, writing made available to everybody (Exodus 19:6). Love believes all things (1 CORINTHIANS 13:7), but you can't believe what you don't know about. The ancients rightly understood writing to be divine and a catalyst for world-wide love. Together with the verb σεβομαι (sebomai), to worship or venerate: the adjective θεοσεβης (theosebes), meaning god-worshippingly or godly (JOHN 9:31 only). From this adjective comes: The noun θεοσεβεια (theosebia), meaning reverence of God or godliness (1 TIMOTHY 2:10 only). Together with the otherwise unused verb στυγεω (stugeo), meaning to hate, but in the emphatic sense of showing hate rather than just feeling it; active hate: the adjective θεοστυγης (theostuges), meaning god-hated (hated by god). In the classics this word denoted someone whose misdeeds were expected to generate divine hate; something like our term "god forsaken" but stronger. In the New Testament this word occurs only once, in ROMANS 1:30, where, for some reason, every major translation interprets it the other way around: hater(s) of God. The noun θεοτης (theotes), meaning deity or divinity. This incredible word occurs only once in the New Testament, in COLOSSIANS 2:9, where Paul submits that the fullness of the θεοτης (theotes) dwells in Christ in bodily form. Together with the adjective φιλος (philos) beloved or friend: the adjective φιλοθεος (philotheos), meaning god-friendly or god-loving (2 TIMOTHY 3:4 only). This word is the reversed of the name Theophilus, which belonged to the man to whom the gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts were dedicated.

Answer 258

RELATIONSHIPS συγγένεια • (syngéneia) f (plural συγγένειες) Noun kinship, affinity (related by blood, marriage) Related by parentage. Offspring, sibling. affinity, similarity (similar in properties or appearance) σχέση • (schési) f (plural σχέσεις) Noun relationship (personal) relation, connection. relationship (between two things) (automotive) gear, ratio (a particular combination or choice of interlocking gears) Relationship, relation, connection, regard, ratio, reference. ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ • (anaphorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾶς); first declension Noun Reference of a thing to a standard. Bring up to the standard measure on the wall of the temple of weights and measures. αναφορά • (anaforá) f (plural αναφορές) Noun reference, report, account, mention, petition. From ᾰ̓νᾰφέρω (“to bring, carry up”) +‎ -η (noun). σύνδεση login, connection, attachment, coupling, conjunction, junction. ``` θρησκευτική κοινότητα communion, connection. people who practice the same religion. θρησκεία • (thriskeía) f plural θρησκείες ("religion, cult") κοινότητα ("community") From Ancient Greek θρησκεία (thrēskeía). θρησκευτικός (thriskeftikós, “religious”) ``` Coordinate terms πίστη f (písti, “faith, belief”) θρησκεία f (thriskeía, “religion”)

Answer 259

UNION ``` ένωση • (énosi) f (plural ενώσεις) union, fusion, association Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ― Evropaïkí Énosi ― European Union (chemistry) combination, compound sexual union. ``` οργανική ένωση f (organikí énosi, “organic compound”) Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση f (Evropaïkí Énosi, “European Union”) επανένωση f (epanénosi, “reunion, reunification”) ἕνωσις • (ἕnosis) f Noun Katharevousa form of ένωση (énosi, “union”) Ἕνωσις • (Ἕnosis) f Proper noun (Katharevousa) Enosis, a political movement seeking the unification of Cyprus with Greece. συνένωση Union, conjunction, cyborg, amalgamation, regrouping, concretion.

Answer 260

________________________________ ``` πιστεύω • (pistévo) simple past - πίστεψα passive - πιστεύεται To be... To be believing in another. To be trusting another. To believe in something. To trust a process, system, machine or operation to perform the work as intended. To trust an invention will create the desired out put, from a given input, when passed through its thru-put system or model. ```

Answer 261

SOUL The noun αγωγη (agoge), "synagogue" which denotes the way one leads his/her life. The noun βιος (bios), which denotes one's personal life in the sense of how one lives (as in the word biography: the story of one's life). The noun ζωη (zoe), which denotes the principle of life, as opposed to the class of existence of things like stones. Our noun ψυχη (psuche), which denotes a breathing thing, comprises a subset of ζωη (zoe), which comprises also non-breathing living things such as plants. The noun νους (nous), meaning mind, or "that what the brain does". Since one needs a neocortex to have a conscious mind, and not all breathing things have either, this word covers a subset of ψυχη (psuche). The noun πνευμα (pneuma), which is another much over-elaborated concept: the spirit, which also has nothing to do with some ethereal entity. It comes from the verb πνεω (pneo), which means to blow, and basically covers the interaction between living things, including making verbal sounds versus hearing, gesturing and sporting flashy colors versus seeing, and wafting versus detecting smells. Our noun πνευμα (pneuma) covers those things that allow breathing things to form bonds. The deceased ancestor we discussed above, who lives on in his posterity, is a spirit. And so are glittering schools of sardines and those magnificent flocks of starlings one may observe in autumn. Imagine a light bulb. Its glass and metal components are its body. When it's turned on, its glowing is its soul. Its emission of light is its spirit. The Holy Spirit is not a part of God but God doing something, predominantly uniting people into what's called the Body of Christ. _____________________________________ πνεω The verb πνεω (pneo) means to blow. Used to describe a person exhaling. πνευ-μα (-μα) The result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action. Someone acted and created a noun in the process. Thus could be described as an instance of an operational output. πνευμα The much debated noun πνευμα (pneuma), commonly translated with "spirit", which describes our ability to join with other people into teams, companies and cultures. εκπνεω Together with the preposition εκ (ek), meaning out or from: the verb εκπνεω (ekpneo), meaning to "out-spirit" or rather "expire". In the New Testament this verb is used only in the sense of to breathe one's last and only of Jesus (MARK 15:37, 15:39 and LUKE 23:46 only). εμπνεω Together with the preposition εν (en), meaning in, on, at or by: the verb εμπνεω (empneo), meaning to breathe into, to inspire or instill one's state of mind into others (ACTS 9:1 only). θεοπνευστος Together with θεος (theos), meaning god or God: the adjective θεοπνευστος (theopneustos), meaning divinely inspired. The act of god-breathing occurs a few times in the Bible (Genesis 2:7, JOHN 20:22) but this specific adjective occurs only once, in the much debated verse 2 TIMOTHY 3:16, which some people take as proof that only the Bible is God's word. This is nonsense, of course, because the canon and thus the covers of the Bible didn't exist when Paul wrote this. Instead Paul declares that all writing (holy and secular, such as for instance the legend of Jannes and Jambres he refers to just eight verses prior) are god-breathed and can be used to drive the gospel home (quite comparable to Peter's vision of the Great Sheet — ACTS 10:9-22). Paul's writings are subsequent treasure troves for extra-Biblical references (see our article on the name Homer). πνευμα (-μα action or result noun form) The noun πνευμα (pneuma), which is commonly translated with "spirit" but which really denotes one's ability to log onto someone else's mind. πνευματικος (-τικ -ος adjective form) The adjective πνευματικος (pneumatikos), which denotes an entity that has, lives by or serves the spirit; someone or something that seeks, forges and cultivates relationships. πνευματικως (-τικ -ως adverb form) The adverb πνευματικως (pneumatikos), denoting the nature or means of the previously mentioned entity (1 CORINTHIANS 2:14 and REVELATION 11:8 only). πνοη The noun πνοη (pnoe), meaning wind (ACTS 2:2) or breath (ACTS 17:25). This noun occurs in the New Testament only these two times, but in both these instances the audience is clearly supposed to be very well aware of the motivational dimension of these "winds". υποπνεω Together with the preposition υπο (hupo) meaning under: the verb υποπνεω (hupopneo), meaning to blow softly (ACTS 27:13 only).

Answer 262

DRAGON - TO SEE FAR PROJECTION OF POWER - INFLUENCE Original Word: δράκων, οντος, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: drakón Phonetic Spelling: (drak'-own) Definition: a dragon (a mythical monster) Usage: a dragon or huge serpent; met: Satan. HELPS Word-studies 1404 drákōn (from derkomai, "to see," the root of the English term, "dragon") – properly "seeing one," used of mythical dragons (huge serpents) seeing their prey from far away; (figuratively) Satan (Rev 12:7,9) exercising his subtle (indirect) impact on heathen governments (powers) – i.e. accomplishing his hellish agenda from "behind the scenes." [The ancient Greeks classified a "dragon" (1404 /drákōn) as a type of serpent. 1404 /drákōn ("a dragon") was believed to have incredible insight, able to spot prey in any hiding place.] Probably from an alternate form of derkomai (to look); a fabulous kind of serpent (perhaps as supposed to fascinate) -- dragon. ______________________________________ ``` Original Word: ὄφις, εως, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: ophis Phonetic Spelling: (of'-is) Definition: a snake Usage: a serpent, snake; used of the devil or Satan. ``` with the ancients the serpent was an emblem of cunning and wisdom. Probably from optanomai (through the idea of sharpness of vision); a snake, figuratively, (as a type of sly cunning) an artful malicious person, especially Satan -- serpent. ``` Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō). ``` [Some forms of Strong's numbering systems designate optomai as 3708.] ______________________________________ From δέρκομαι • (dérkomai) to see, see clearly to watch to live to flash, gleam. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- Root *derḱ- (perfective) to see To see. ``` δέργμᾰ • (dérgma) n (genitive δέργμᾰτος); third declension Noun A look, a glance A sight. From δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “I see clearly”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). Cognate with Sanskrit दृश् (dṛś, “see”). ______________________________ SANSKRIT दृश् • (dṛś) Root see, look. ``` दर्शन • (dárśana) n Root philosophy, philosophical system, doctrine vision, sight, view eyesight. ``` English darsana (plural darsanas) Noun (India philosophy) A philosophy, worldview. दूरदर्शन • (dūrdarśan) m Noun farsightedness ability to see far. दूरदर्शन • (dūradarśana) m Noun 'far-seeing’, a vulture. दूरदर्शन • (dūradarśana) n Noun longsightedness foresight. दर्शन • (darśan) m (Urdu spelling درشن‎) Noun sight, vision, observation, view, semblance मैं आपके दर्शनों के लिए आया। ma͠i āpke darśanõ ke lie āyā. I came in order to see you. philosophy (a view or theory prescribed in a system or book) भारतीय दर्शन बहुत जटिल और रोचक है। bhārtīya darśan bahut jaṭil aur rocak hai. Indian philosophy is very complex and interesting. viewing, meeting. ``` दृश्य • (dŕśya) m Noun scene, spectacle, exhibition Synonym: दिखावा (dikhāvā) From the root दृश् (dṛś, “to see”). ``` दृश्य • (dṛ́śya) visible (able to be seen) worth seeing, beautiful Noun Edit दृश्य • (dṛ́śya) m or n n a visible object; the visible world m (arithmetic) a number, quantity दूरदर्शन • (dūr-darśan) m Noun television. From दूर (dūr, “far”) +‎ दर्शन (darśan, “vision, sight”). Calque of English television. Telugu దర్శనము • (darśanamu) n (plural దర్శనములు) sight, seeing. a visit. appearance, aspect, view. a vision, a dream. From Sanskrit दर्शन (darśana, “vision, sight, view”) +‎ -ము (-mu). ________________________________ ``` Original Word: διάβολος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: diabolos Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ab'-ol-os) Definition: slanderous, accusing falsely Usage: (adj. used often as a noun), slanderous; with the article: the Slanderer (par excellence), the Devil. HELPS Word-studies 1228 diábolos (from 1225 /diabállō, "to slander, accuse, defame") – properly, a slanderer; a false accuser; unjustly criticizing to hurt (malign) and condemn to sever a relationship. ``` [1228 (diábolos) is the root of the English word, "Devil" (see also Webster's Dictionary). 1228 (diabolos) in secular Greek means "backbiter," i.e. an accuser, calumniator (slanderer). 1228 (diábolos) is literally someone who "casts through," i.e. making charges that bring down (destroy). Satan is used by God in this plan – as a predictable wind-up toy, playing out his evil nature.] traduce (third-person singular simple present traduces, present participle traducing, simple past and past participle traduced) (transitive) To malign a person or entity by making malicious and false or defamatory statements. (archaic, transitive) To pass on (to one's children, future generations etc.); to transmit. (archaic, transitive) To pass into another form of expression; to rephrase, to translate. From Latin trādūcō (“lead as a spectacle, dishonor”), from trāns + dūcō (“I lead”). Latin - trādūcō (present infinitive trādūcere, perfect active trādūxī, supine trāductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative Verb I lead, bring, transport or conduct across or over something. I parade, lead along; make a show of, expose to public ridicule; dishonor, disgrace, degrade. (figuratively) I transfer, convert, remove. (figuratively) I exhibit, display, proclaim, spread abroad, make public. (figuratively) translate (transfer a word from one language to another) derive (one word from another) (figuratively, of time) I spend, pass, lead. From trāns- (“across, beyond”) +‎ dūcō (“lead”). Borrowed from Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”). Across, through, over, beyond, to or on the other side of, outside of. ``` dūcō (present infinitive dūcere, perfect active dūxī, supine ductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative I lead, guide I draw, pull I think, consider I prolong. ``` Cognate with English ("tow") ``` Proto-Indo-European/déwkti *déwkti (imperfective) Verb to pull, to draw to lead. ``` *dewk- (imperfective) to pull, to draw to lead (i.e. to pull behind oneself) ______________________________________ absolutely and in the passive to be violently displaced from a position gained. without force and effort; to throw or let go of a thing without caring where it falls. to give over to one's care uncertain about the result. To deposit. A primary verb; to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense) -- arise, cast (out), X dung, lay, lie, pour, put (up), send, strike, throw (down), thrust. Compare rhipto. Original Word: ῥίπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: rhiptó Phonetic Spelling: (hrip'-to) Definition: to throw, cast, to throw off, toss Usage: I throw, cast, toss, set down; pass: I am dispersed. they cast off their garments that they might be the better prepared to throw stones. to set down (with the suggestion of haste and want of care), of those who laid their sick at the feet of Jesus, leaving them at his disposal without a doubt but that he could heal them. A primary verb (perhaps rather akin to the base of rhapizo, through the idea of sudden motion); to fling (properly, with a quick toss, thus differing from ballo, which denotes a deliberate hurl; and from teino (see in ekteino), which indicates an extended projection); by qualification, to deposit (as if a load); by extension, to disperse -- cast (down, out), scatter abroad, throw. see GREEK rhapizo see GREEK ballo ``` see GREEK ekteino ἐκτείνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ekteinó Phonetic Spelling: (ek-ti'-no) Definition: to extend Usage: I stretch out (forth), cast forth (as of an anchor), lay hands on. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from ek and teinó (to stretch) ``` Original Word: ῥαπίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: rhapizó Phonetic Spelling: (hrap-id'-zo) Definition: to strike with a rod, to strike with the palm of the hand. Usage: I slap, strike, smite with the hand. ``` Original Word: ῥάβδος, ου, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: rhabdos Phonetic Spelling: (hrab'-dos) Definition: a staff, rod Usage: a rod, staff, staff of authority, scepter. ``` ``` Original Word: ῥάβδος, ου, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: rhabdos Phonetic Spelling: (hrab'-dos) Definition: a staff, rod Usage: a rod, staff, staff of authority, scepter. ``` which passages as ἐν ῤάβδῳ ποιμαίνειν is figuratively applied to a king, so ῤάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ, with a rod of iron, indicates the severest, most rigorous, rule. rod, scepter, staff. From the base of rhapizo; a stick or wand (as a cudgel, a cane or a baton of royalty) -- rod, sceptre, staff. ``` Original Word: τύπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: tuptó Phonetic Spelling: (toop'-to) Definition: to strike, smite, beat Usage: I beat, strike, wound, inflict punishment. ``` A primary verb (in a strengthened form); to "thump", i.e. Cudgel or pummel (properly, with a stick or bastinado), but in any case by repeated blows; thus differing from paio and patasso, which denote a (usually single) blow with the hand or any instrument, or plesso with the fist (or a hammer), or rhapizo with the palm; as well as from tugchano, an accidental collision); by implication, to punish; figuratively, to offend (the conscience) -- beat, smite, strike, wound. see GREEK paio see GREEK patasso see GREEK plesso see GREEK rhapizo see GREEK tugchano

Answer 263

σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις) Noun thought, mental activity. ___________________________ ``` σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension Noun viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree. ``` From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider”) +‎ -σῐς (abstract noun). σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. ___________________________ ``` σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) verb I look at, examine. I examine, consider, think. (rarely) I think, deem. I prepare, premeditate. ``` The present and imperfect are suppleted from σκοπέω (skopéō) in Attic. ___________________________ σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to think”) σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”) σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”)

Answer 264

PURPOSE ``` σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim. ``` see: σκοπός m (“observer, watcher, aim, goal”) ``` From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”). σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) Verb I look at, examine. I examine, consider, think. (rarely) I think, deem. I prepare, premeditate. ``` σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (simple past σκόπευσα, passive —) Verb aim, take aim aim, intend ``` σκόπευση f (skópefsi, “aim, aiming”) σκοπευτήριο n (skopeftírio, “rifle range”) σκοπευτής m (skopeftís, “marksman”) σκοπεύτρια f (skopéftria, “markswoman”) σκόπευτρο n (skópeftro, “viewfinder”) σκοπευτικός (skopeftikós, “shooting”) σκοπεύω (skopévo, “aim, aim at”) σκοπιά f (skopiá, “observation post, watchtower”) ``` Original Word: σκοπός, οῦ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: skopos Phonetic Spelling: (skop-os') Definition: a watchman, a mark (on which to fix the eye) Usage: a watcher; a goal, a mark aimed at. 4649 skopós (the root of the English term, "scope," like the zoom-scope on a rifle to hit the target) – properly, the "end-marker" of a foot-race; (figuratively) the final objective (destination) in the faith-life, i.e. the unique glorification the Lord awards to each believer at His return (cf. Phil 3:11,14). 4649 /skopós ("end-marker") is only used in Phil 3:14. [4649 (skopós) represents the "end-marker" ("goal") in the race of faith (so TDNT/Kittel.] _____________________________ I purpose (n.) c. 1300, "intention, aim, goal," from Anglo-French purpos, Old French porpos "aim, intention" (12c.), from porposer "to put forth," from por- "forth" (from Latin pro- "forth;" see pur-) + Old French poser "to put, place" (see pose (v.1)). On purpose "by design" is attested from 1580s; earlier of purpose (early 15c.). purpose (v.) late 14c., from Anglo-French purposer "to design," Old French porposer "to intend, propose," variant of proposer (see propose). pur- Middle English and Anglo-French perfective prefix, corresponding to Old French por-, pur- (Modern French pour), from Vulgar Latin *por-, variation of Latin pro "before, for" (see pro-). This is the earliest form of the prefix in English, and it is retained in some words, but in many others it has reverted to Latinate pro-. pose (v.1) late 14c., posen, "suggest (something is so), suppose, assume; grant, concede," from Old French poser "put, place, propose," a term in debating, from Late Latin pausare "to halt, rest, cease, pause" (source also of Italian posare, Spanish posar; see pause (v.)). The Late Latin verb also had a transitive sense, "cause to pause or rest," and hence the Old French verb (in common with cognates in Spanish, Italian, Portuguese) acquired the sense of Latin ponere "to put, place" (past participle positus; see position (n.)), by confusion of the similar stems. Meaning "put in a certain position" in English is from early 15c. Sense of "assume a certain attitude" is from 1840; the transitive sense (as an artist's model, etc.) is from 1859. Related: Posed; posing. One of the most remarkable facts in F[rench] etymology is the extraordinary substitution whereby the Low Lat. pausare came to mean 'to make to rest, to set,' and so usurped the place of the Lat. ponere, to place, set, with which it has no etymological connection. And this it did so effectually as to restrict the F. pondre, the true equivalent of Lat. ponere, to the sense of 'laying eggs;' whilst in all compounds it completely thrust it aside, so that compausare (i.e. F. composer) took the place of Lat. componere, and so on throughout. Hence the extraordinary result, that whilst the E. verbs compose, depose, impose, propose, &c. exactly represent in sense the Lat. componere, deponere, imponere, proponere, &c., we cannot derive the E. verbs from the Lat. ones since they have (as was said) no real etymological connection. [W.W. Skeat, "Etymological Dictionary of the English Language," 1898] ________________________________ LATIN From -ponere Verb ("to put, place") ``` pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation Verb I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp) ``` ``` componō (present infinitive componere, perfect active composuī, supine compositum); third conjugation From con- ("together") +‎ pōnō (“put”). I arrange, compile, compose, make up. I construct, build. I organize, order. I settle, calm. ``` ``` pono Noun righteousness Ua mau ke ea o ka ʻāina i ka pono. The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness. morality, goodness, excellence correct procedure, true nature, rights, duty prosperity, well-being property, supplies use, purpose ``` ``` pono Verb (stative) good, moral, proper (stative) beneficial (stative) should, must, necessary. ``` positus (feminine posita, neuter positum); first/second-declension participle Participle placed ordained

Answer 265

PURPOSE From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”). πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) Noun (grammar) preposition intent, intention, purpose.. πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) Noun (surgery) prosthesis (an artificial replacement for a body part) prosthetic προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m (feminine προθετῐκή, neuter προθετῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or for prefixing; prepositional. From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) +‎ -ικός (adj). from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”). from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition, augmentation”) From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing”), from προτίθημι (protíthēmi, “I prepose”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).

Answer 266

EXPERIENCE - TEST - TRIAL - EMPIRICAL From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to cross, pass”). Compare Old Armenian փորձ (pʿorj), Proto-Germanic *fēra- (“danger”), Old English fǣr, English fear. Akin to πείρω (peírō) and περάω (peráō). From πεῖρα (“trial, attempt”) +‎ -άζω ``` πειρᾰ́ζω • (peirázō) Verb to make proof or trial of. (with infinitive) to attempt to do. (passive) are tried, proved. (with accusative of person) to try or tempt a person, put them to the test. to seek to seduce, tempt. ``` πειράομαι • (peiráomai) ("to try") πειρᾰ́ω • (peiráō) Verb to try [+infinitive = to do] to make an attempt [+genitive = on someone or something] (middle) to try [+infinitive = to do], [+participle = to do] (middle) to test, make a trial of [+genitive = someone or something] (middle) to test one's own skill, abilities, or fortune [+genitive = in something] From πεῖρᾰ (trial) +‎ -ᾰ́ω (-verb) -ᾰ́ω • (-áō) Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē) *(o)-eh₂yéti Creates iterative/ frequentative/ intensive verbs. Creates causative verbs. περᾰ́ω • (peráō) Verb to go from one side to another to pass through over or traverse, cross, esp. over water (intransitive) to penetrate or pierce (of a pointed weapon) From πέρα (péra, “beyond”) περνάω • (pernáo) (simple past πέρασα) Alternative form of περνώ (pernó) ``` περνώ • (pernó) (simple past πέρασα, passive περνιέμαι) Verb pass, go past outrun, go past, overtake pass through, penetrate, thread, go through put on (clothing) coat (paint, etc) while (to pass time idly) ``` ``` Derived Terms PIRATE πειρατής • (peiratḗs) m (genitive πειρατοῦ); first declension brigand, robber. From πεῖρα (peîra) +‎ -της (-tēs) ``` πειρατής • (peiratís) m (plural πειρατές, feminine πειρατίνα) Noun pirate, sea robber Πειρατές του Αιγαίου (Pirates of the Aegean Sea) (figuratively) copier of copyright materials. πειρατεία f (peirateía, “piracy”) αεροπειρατής m (aeropeiratís, “highjacker”)

Answer 267

PRAGMATIC - OBJECT - THING πράγματι • (prágmati) Adverb indeed, really, actually πραγματικότητα • (pragmatikótita) f (plural πραγματικότητες) Noun ("reality, actuality") πραγματικός (“real, actual”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”) πραγματικός • (pragmatikós) m (feminine πραγματική, neuter πραγματικό) Adjective real, factual, actual (having physical existence), (having existence or substance) πραγματικός αριθμός m (“real number”) see: πράγμα n (“thing, entity”) πράγμα • (prágma) n (plural πράγματα) Noun ("thing, entity, object, stuff") Τι είναι αυτό το πράγμα στον κουβά; ― What is that stuff in the bucket? (euphemistic) thingy Κλείσε το φερμουάρ - φαίνεται το πράγμα σου! Close your zipper - your thingy is showing! πρᾶγμᾰ • (prâgma) n (genitive πρᾱ́γμᾰτος); third declension Noun ("a thing done, a fact") From πρᾱ́σσω (“I do, practice”) +‎ -μᾰ (result noun suffix). πρᾱ́σσω • (prā́ssō) (Koine) Verb ("I do, practice") from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”) ``` *per- before, in front first __________________________________ ANTONYMS ``` Antonyms (imaginary): φανταστικός (fantastic) (fake): ψευδής (pseudo) (made up): πλασματικός (plasmic) __________________________________ -ότητα • (-ótita) f Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion: ‎αυστηρός (“strict”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎αυστηρότητα (“strictness”) ‎βέβαιος (“sure, certain”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎βεβαιότητα (“certainty”) ‎εθνικός (“national”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎εθνικότητα (“nationality”) ‎εχθρός (“enemy”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎εχθρότητα (“hostility”) ‎πιθανός (“possible”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎πιθανότητα (“possibility”) ‎ποιος (“who”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎ποιότητα (“quality”) ‎πόσος (“how much”) + ‎-ότητα → ‎ποσότητα (“quantity”) _____________________________________ πραγματίστρια f (pragmatístria, “pragmatist”) πραγματιστής m (pragmatistís, “pragmatist”) πραγματεία f (pragmateía, “treatise, dissertation”) πραγματικά (pragmatiká, “really”) πραγματικός αριθμός m (pragmatikós arithmós, “real”) πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “real”) πραγματικότητα f (pragmatikótita, “reality”) τι πράγμα; (ti prágma?)

Answer 268

BEING ``` ὄντος • (óntos) Participle ("Being") masculine genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí) neuter genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn) ``` όντως • (óntos) Adverb (formal) indeed, really, truly, in fact Όντως ήταν εδώ, αλλά τώρα έχει φύγει. ― Óntos ítan edó, allá tóra échei fýgei. ― He really was here but he's left. Όντως είμαι δασκάλα. ― Óntos eímai daskála. ― I truly am a teacher. From Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos), masculine and neuter singular genitive of ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “to be”). ὄν • (ón) n (genitive ὄντος); third declension Noun ("reality") ``` ὤν • (ṓn) Participle present participle of εἰμί (eimí) ("actual, real") nominative/vocative/accusative neuter singular of ὤν ``` From Proto-Hellenic *ehonts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts, present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”). Cognate with Latin sōns (“guilty”), Sanskrit सत् (sát, “being, essence, reality”), Albanian gjë (“thing”), English sooth (“true, a fact”). τῷ ὄντι • (tôi ónti) Phrase ("in fact, in reality, actually") ἐών • (eṓn) Participle ("Being") Epic form of ὤν (ṓn): present participle of εἰμί. ________________________________________ Όντως ήταν εδώ, αλλά τώρα έχει φύγει. ― He really was here but he has left. Όντως είμαι δασκάλα. ― I truly am a teacher. ________________________________________ SANSKRIT सत् • (sát) ``` present participle of अस् (as); being, existing, occurring, happening, being present. (with locative) abiding in. (with genitive) belonging to. living lasting, enduring real, actual, as any one or anything ought to be, true, good, right Noun Edit सत् • (sát) m ``` a being; (in the plural) beings, creatures. a good or wise man, a sage. good or honest or wise or respectable people. Noun Edit सत् • (sat) n entity or existence, essence that which is good or real or true, reality, truth

Answer 269

THE DEED - INDEED - TRULY - IN FACT - ACTUALLY τωόντι • (toónti) Adverb ("indeed") From τῷ (the) + ὄντι (dative singular of ὄν). IN+DEED From Old English: dǣd From Middle English indede, contraction of the phrase in dede (“in sooth, in fact”) [early 14thc.]; equivalent to in +‎ deed (similar in formation to in fact, in truth, etc.). From Middle English dede from Old English dēd, dǣd (“deed, act”) dǣd f (nominative plural dǣde) (West Saxon) ("action, deed, event, exploit") *dʰéh₁tis f (oblique stem *dʰh₁téy-) ("act of putting, placement") From *dʰeh₁- (“to put”) +‎ *-tis (abstract/action nouns) *dʰeh₁- (perfective) ("to do, put, place") from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put”). From Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis (“putting, placement”) From Old Norse dáð dáð f (genitive singular dáðar, nominative plural dáðir) Noun ("deed, achievement") dǣdhata (“persecutor, perpetrator”) undǣd (“misdeed, crime”) misdǣd (“misdeed”) _____________________________________ The word "Deed" Cognates... Ancient Greek θέσις (“setting, arrangement”). from τίθημι (“I put, place”) +‎ -σις (forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process) θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension ``` a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop ``` ``` ἀντίθεσις ἀνάθεσις (anáthesis) ἀντένθεσις (anténthesis) ἀντεπίθεσις (antepíthesis) ἀντιμετάθεσις (antimetáthesis) ἀντιπαράθεσις (antiparáthesis) ἀπόθεσις (apóthesis) διάθεσις (diáthesis) εἴσθεσις (eísthesis) ἔκθεσις (ékthesis) ἐναπόθεσις (enapóthesis) ἔνθεσις (énthesis) ἐπείσθεσις (epeísthesis) ἐπέκθεσις (epékthesis) ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis) ἐπίθεσις (epíthesis) ἐπιπρόσθεσις (epiprósthesis) ἐπισύνθεσις (episúnthesis) ἡμισύνθεσις (hēmisúnthesis) κατάθεσις (katáthesis) μετάθεσις (metáthesis) παράθεσις (paráthesis) παρέκθεσις (parékthesis) παρένθεσις (parénthesis) περίθεσις (períthesis) προδιάθεσις (prodiáthesis) προέκθεσις (proékthesis) πρόθεσις (próthesis) πρόσθεσις (prósthesis) συγκατάθεσις (sunkatáthesis) συναντίθεσις (sunantíthesis) συνεπίθεσις (sunepíthesis) σύνθεσις (súnthesis) ὑπέκθεσις (hupékthesis) ὑπέρθεσις (hupérthesis) ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis) ``` ἀντίθεσις (opposition, resistance, contradiction) From ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (“to set against”) +‎ -σῐς (abstract). ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension Noun (grammar) Insertion of a letter. From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (“I insert”) +‎ -σῐς (verbal noun suffix). ἐπενθετῐκός • (epenthetikós) m (feminine ἐπενθετῐκή, neuter ἐπενθετῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective ("inserted") From ἐπένθεσις (“insertion”) +‎ -ικός (forms adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of "-ic" ) πᾰρένθεσῐς • (parénthesis) f (genitive πᾰρενθέσεως); third declension Noun n a putting in beside, injection insertion (grammar) parenthesis. From πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ (parentíthēmi, “I put in beside, mix up”) +‎ -σις (-sis), from πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “beside”) + ἐν (en, “in”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I put, place”) σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension Noun n a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis (mathematics) addition agreement, treaty collection. From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). __________________________________ ANTONYM ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension NOUN a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure. From ἀναλύω (“I unravel, investigate”) +‎ -σις (abstract action noun). ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις) Noun analysis, interpretation (linguistics) parsing. ``` αναλυτικά (“analytically”) αναλυτικός (“analytical”) αναλύομαι (“to be analysed”) ψυχαναλύω (“to psychoanalyse”) and see: αναλύω (“to analyse, to analyze”) αναλελυμένος (“analysed”, participle) (formal, ancient) ανάλυμα n (“meltin, solution”) αναλυμένος (“analysed”, participle) ανάλυση f (“analysis”) αναλυτής m (“analyst”) αναλυτά (“loosely”, adverb) αναλυτικά (“analytically, in detail”, adverb) αναλυτικός (“analytic”) αναλυτικότητα f (“analyticity”) αναλυτικώς (“analytically, in detail”, adverb) (formal) αναλυτός (“loosely tied; dissolved”) διαλύω (“dissolve”) ψυχαναλύω (“to psychoanalyse”) αναλυτικά (“analytically”) ``` and see: λύω (“untie; solve”) αναλύω • (analýo) (simple past ανέλυσα, ανάλυσα, passive αναλύομαι) Verb analyse (UK), analyze (US), assay (linguistics) parse (by extension) dilute (by extension) psychoanalyse (especially in the passive) Synonym: ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo) λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal) Verb terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form) λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος λύσατε (imperative) τους ζυγούς λύσατε ― ("dismissed, you are free to go") σε τελική ανάλυση (“in the final analysis”) ``` λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ``` From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”) ``` αναλυτός • (analytós) m (feminine αναλυτή, neuter αναλυτό) Adjective molten, melted runny (of a honey) thin, watery (of a liquid) loose, untied (of a hair) ``` αναλυτά • (analytá) Adverb ("loosely, slackly") αναλυτικά • (analytiká) Adverb ("analytically, in detail") ``` αναλυτικός • (analytikós) m (feminine αναλυτική, neuter αναλυτικό) Adjective analytical, analytic αναλυτικό μυαλό ― analytical mind αναλυτική μέθοδος ― analytical method αναλυτική χημεία ― analytical chemistry αναλυτική μηχανή f (“analytical engine”) ``` δῐᾰλῡ́ω • (dialū́ō) Verb to loose one from another, to part asunder, undo, dissolve διαλύω • (dialýo) (simple past διέλυσα, διάλυσα, passive διαλύομαι) Verb dismantle dissolve (solid a solid in a solvent) Διέλυσα 5γρ. ζάχαρη σε λίγο νερό. ― I dissolved 5g sugar in a little water. disband, dissolve, break up, disperse Η εταιρεία διαλύθηκε. ― The company disbanded. wreck, break up Μου ζήτησε να χωρίσουμε και διαλύθηκα. ― He/She asked me for a divorce/separation and I became a wreck. ``` ἀδῐᾰ́λῠτος (adiálutos) ᾰ̓ποδῐᾰλῡ́ω (apodialū́ō) δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς (diálusis) δῐᾰλῠτέος (dialutéos) δῐᾰλῠτής (dialutḗs) δῐᾰλῡ́της (dialū́tēs) δῐᾰ́λῠτος (diálutos) δῐᾰλῡ́τρωσῐς (dialū́trōsis) δῠσδῐάλῠτος (dusdiálutos) εὐδιᾰ́λῠτος (eudiálutos) προδῐᾰλῡ́ω (prodialū́ō) προσδῐᾰλῡ́ω (prosdialū́ō) __________________________________ ``` ``` τῷ • (tôi) Conjunction then, thereupon Alternative forms Edit τῶ (tô), τώ (tṓ) Article Edit τῷ • (tôi) masculine/neuter dative singular of ὁ (ho) ``` ὁ • (ho) m, ἡ f (hē), τό n (tó) Article ("The") ``` ὁ • (ho) m, ἡ f (hē), τό n (tó) As a Pronoun (Epic, demonstrative) that (Epic, third person personal pronoun) ("he, she, it, they") (relative, Epic, Ionic, poetic Attic) ("who, which, that") ``` _______________________________ The article undergoes crasis with nouns and adjectives that start with a vowel: τὸ ὄνομα → τοὔνομα "the name" τὰ ἐμά → τᾱ̓μά "my (affairs)" τὸ ἐναντίον → τοὐναντίον "on the contrary" τὸ αὐτό → ταὐτό "the same" καί undergoes crasis with the first-person singular pronoun and produces a long vowel: καὶ ἐγώ → κᾱ̓γώ "and I", "I too" καὶ ἐμοί → κᾱ̓μοί "and to me"

Answer 270

SEMANTICS - MEANING σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective ("significant, giving signs"). From σημαίνω (“to indicate”) +‎ -ικός (adjective ). ``` σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) Verb I show, point out, indicate. I sign, signal. Ι predict, portend. (later prose) I appear. I signal someone to do something, I bid. I signify, indicate, declare. I interpret, explain; I tell, speak. I signify, mean. (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture. (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal. I mark out for myself. ``` From σῆμᾰ ("a mark”) σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension Noun mark, sign, token. a sign from the gods, an omen, portent. a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner. the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow. a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin. a token by which one's identity or commission was certified. a constellation. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) +‎ -μᾰ (inchoate noun). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”). ``` σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension Noun a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time. ``` From σῆμᾰ ("mark, sign”) +‎ -ῐον (forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to). ___________________________________ indicate (v.) 1650s, "to point out," back-formation from indication (q.v.) or else from Latin indicatus, past participle of indicare "to point out, show," from in- "into, in, on, upon" (from PIE root *en "in") + dicare "proclaim" (from PIE root *deik- "to show," also "pronounce solemnly"). Especially "to give suggestion of, be reason for inferring" (1706). Related: Indicated; indicating. *deik- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to show," also "pronounce solemnly," "also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects" [Watkins]. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit dic- "point out, show;" Greek - deiknynai "to show, to prove," dike "custom, usage;" Latin - dicere "speak, tell, say," Latin - digitus "finger," Old High German zeigon, German zeigen "to show," Old English teon "to accuse," tæcan "to teach." _______________________________ Deixis ``` deictic adjective deic·tic | \ ˈdīk-tik also ˈdāk-\ Definition of deictic : showing or pointing out directly the words this, that, and those have a deictic function. ``` _________________________________ ``` δείχνω • (deíchno) (simple past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai) ``` δεικνύω • (deiknýo) (simple past έδειξα) Verb Katharevousa form of δείχνω (deíchno, “to indicate, to demonstrate”) δεικνύω • (deiknúō) Verb Alternative form of δείκνυμι (deíknumi) ``` δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) Verb I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) +‎ -νῡμῐ (forms transitive verbs) -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs. Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (imperfective) Root to point out ______________________________________ LATIN dicere dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative ``` I say, utter; mention; talk, speak. Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”) Synonyms: āiō, for, loquor I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell. I appoint, name (to an office) I call, name (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I speak in reference to, refer to. ``` From Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”). The perfect forms are derivated from Proto-Indo-European *dḗyḱst. Cognates include Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “to show, point out”), Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) and Old English tǣċan (English teach). _______________________________________ From Old English tǣċan tǣċan to show, point out to show (someone) the way; to direct, guide to teach. From Proto-Germanic *taikijaną *taikijaną Verb ("to show, point out, teach") English - teach _____________________________________ σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) Noun (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ― The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings. κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense. μεταφορική σημασία ― metaphorical/figurative sense significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless δίνω σημασία (“to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) __________________________________________

Answer 271

THOUGHT thinking, thought, reflection, meditation, contemplation, speculation. _______________________________ σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις) thought, mental activity. ``` σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree. ``` σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) deponent (simple past σκέφθηκα, σκέφτηκα) (σκέφτηκα as from σκέφτομαι (skéftomai)) (formal) Alternative form of σκέφτομαι (skéftomai) _______________________________________ ``` διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) επισκέπτομαι (episképtomai) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai) σκεπτόμενος (skeptómenos, “thinker, thinking”, participle) σκεπτέον (skeptéon) σκεπτήρῐον (skeptḗrion) σκεπτῐκός (skeptikós) σκέψ (sképs) σκέψῐς (sképsis) σκέμμᾰ (skémma) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπεῖᾰ (skopeîa) σκόπελος (skópelos) σκοπεύω (skopeúō) σκοπέω (skopéō) σκοπή (skopḗ) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπῐά (skopiá) σκοπός (skopós) ἀνᾰσκέπτομαι (anasképtomai) ἀξιόσκεπτος (axióskeptos) ἀποσκέπτομαι (aposképtomai) ἄσκεπτος (áskeptos) δῐᾰσκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) ἐπῐσκέπτομαι (episképtomai) εὔσκεπτος (eúskeptos) κᾰτᾰσκέπτομαι (katasképtomai) περίσκεπτος (perískeptos) πολύσκεπτος (polúskeptos) προσκέπτομαι (prosképtomai) σκοπάρκης (skopárkēs) συσκέπτομαι (susképtomai) ὑποσκέπτομαι (huposképtomai) σύσκεψη f (sýskepsi, “conference”) διασκέπτομαι (“I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”) and see: σκέπτομαι (“think”) διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (“I take part in a conference”) συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”) τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”) and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”) συνδιασκέπτομαι • (syndiasképtomai) deponent (simple past συνδιασκέφθηκα) ``` I am in conference along with others From Koine Greek διασκέπτομαι (“examine all around”). Morphologically, from δια- (“through”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). ``` διασκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) deponent (simple past διασκέφθηκα) I am in conference Synonym: συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai) _______________________________ OLD ENGLISH ``` ġeþōht m (nominative plural ġeþōhtas) thought, what is determined after thought, idea, opinion, decree mind, purpose, intention what is thought out, device, design, deliberation, counsel; rede. From þōht m ("thought") From ġe- Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection. Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process". Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs. think (v.) Old English þencan "imagine, conceive in the mind; consider, meditate, remember; intend, wish, desire" (past tense þohte, past participle geþoht), probably originally "cause to appear to oneself," from Proto-Germanic *thankjan (source also of Old Frisian thinka, Old Saxon thenkian, Old High German denchen, German denken, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic þagkjan). Old English þencan is the causative form of the distinct Old English verb þyncan "to seem, to appear" (past tense þuhte, past participle geþuht), from Proto-Germanic *thunkjan (source also of German dünken, däuchte). Both are from PIE *tong- "to think, feel" __________________________________ ENGLISH thought (countable and uncountable, plural thoughts) Form created in the mind, rather than the forms perceived through the five senses; an instance of thinking. quotations ▼ (uncountable) The process by which such forms arise or are manipulated; thinking. quotations ▼ A way of thinking (associated with a group, nation or region). "Eastern thought". From Middle English thought, ithoȝt, from Old English þōht, ġeþōht, from Proto-Germanic *þanhtaz, *gaþanhtą (“thought”), from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think”). Cognate with Scots thocht (“thought”), Saterland Frisian Toacht (“thought”), West Frisian oandacht (“attention, regard, thought”), Dutch gedachte (“thought”), German Andacht (“reverence, devotion, prayer”), Icelandic þóttur (“thought”). Related to thank.

Answer 272

TO GIVE HEED - PAY ATTENTION ``` προσέχω • (prosécho) (simple past πρόσεξα, passive προσέχομαι) Verb watch, observe watch out, be careful (transitive) to take care of someone (intransitive) to take care ``` προσέχω • (prosékhō) Verb I hold to, offer, I bring to quotations ▼ I bring a ship near a place, bring it to port, I put in, touch at a place, (absolute) I land quotations ▼ I turn to or towards a thing, I turn my mind, thoughts, attention to a thing quotations ▼ I give heed to myself, I am on my guard against quotations ▼ I devote myself to a thing quotations ▼ (with infinitive) I expect to do I continue quotations ▼ (middle) I attach myself to a thing, cling or cleave to it quotations ▼ (figuratively) I devote myself to the service of any one quotations ▼ (passive) I am held fast by a thing, attached to it quotations ▼ I have besides or in addition quotations ▼ From πρός (prós, “to, towards, with”) +‎ ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, hold”) προσοχή • (prosokhḗ) f (genitive προσοχῆς); first declension (Koine) Noun (Koine) attention From προσέχω (prosékhō, “to guard against”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix). ``` προσοχή • (prosochí) Interjection attention, be careful, watch out Προσοχή! Το δέντρο πέφτει. ― Prosochí! To déntro péftei. ― Watch out! The tree is falling! (military) attention (drill order) ```

Answer 273

Consider from top to bottom ``` κατανοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katanoeó Phonetic Spelling: (kat-an-o-eh'-o) Definition: to take note of, perceive Usage: I take note of, perceive, consider carefully, discern, detect, make account of. HELPS Word-studies 2657 katanoéō (from 2596 /katá, "down along, exactly according to" and 3539 /noiéō, "to think") – properly, to think from up to down, to a conclusion; to consider exactly, attentively (decisively); to concentrate by fixing one's thinking " 'to perceive clearly' (kata, intensive), 'to understand fully, consider closely' " (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 123). 2657 (katanoéō) expresses real comprehending – "thinking decisively to a definite (clear) understanding." ``` [2657 (katanoéō) has "the notion of considering attentively (note the kata, 'down into,' " WS, 349).]

Answer 274

ACQUAINTED accognosco accognoscere recognize (visually or by some other means) acquaint (v.) early 13c., "make oneself known" (reflexive, now obsolete); early 14c., "to gain for oneself personal knowledge of," from Old French acointer "make known; make or seek acquaintance of," from Vulgar Latin *accognitare "to make known," from Latin accognitus "acquainted with," past participle of accognoscere "know well," from ad "to" (see ad-) + cognitus, past participle of cognoscere "come to know" (see cognizance). cognizance (n.) mid-14c., conisance, "device or mark by which something or someone is known," from Anglo-French conysance "recognition," later, "knowledge," from Old French conoissance "acquaintance, recognition; knowledge, wisdom" (Modern French connaissance), from past participle of conoistre "to know," from Latin cognoscere "to get to know, recognize," from assimilated form of com "together" (see co-) + gnoscere "to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." Meaning "knowledge by observation or notice, understanding, information" is from c. 1400. In law, "the exercise of jurisdiction, the right to try a case" (mid-15c.). Meaning "acknowledgment, admission" is from 1560s. The -g- was restored in English spelling 15c. and has gradually affected the pronunciation, which was always "con-." The old pronunciation lingered longest in legal use. co- in Latin, the form of com- "together, with" in compounds with stems beginning in vowels, h-, and gn-; see com-. Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning "together, mutually, in common," and used promiscuously with native words (co-worker) and Latin-derived words not beginning with vowels (codependent), including some already having it (co-conspirator). * gno- * gnō-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to know." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jna- "know;" Avestan zainti- "knowledge," Old Persian xšnasatiy "he shall know;" Old Church Slavonic znati "recognizes," Russian znat "to know;" Latin gnoscere "get to know," nobilis "known, famous, noble;" Greek gignōskein "to know," gnōtos "known," gnōsis "knowledge, inquiry;" Old Irish gnath "known;" German kennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known." diagnosis (n.) "scientific discrimination," especially in pathology, "the recognition of a disease from its symptoms," 1680s, medical Latin application of Greek diagnōsis "a discerning, distinguishing," from stem of diagignōskein "discern, distinguish," literally "to know thoroughly" or "know apart (from another)," from dia "between" (see dia-) + gignōskein "to learn, to come to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." cognizance (n.) mid-14c., conisance, "device or mark by which something or someone is known," from Anglo-French conysance "recognition," later, "knowledge," from Old French conoissance "acquaintance, recognition; knowledge, wisdom" (Modern French connaissance), from past participle of conoistre "to know," from Latin cognoscere "to get to know, recognize," from assimilated form of com "together" (see co-) + gnoscere "to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." Meaning "knowledge by observation or notice, understanding, information" is from c. 1400. In law, "the exercise of jurisdiction, the right to try a case" (mid-15c.). Meaning "acknowledgment, admission" is from 1560s. The -g- was restored in English spelling 15c. and has gradually affected the pronunciation, which was always "con-." The old pronunciation lingered longest in legal use. cognition (n.) mid-15c., cognicioun, "ability to comprehend, mental act or process of knowing," from Latin cognitionem (nominative cognitio) "a getting to know, acquaintance, knowledge," noun of action from past participle stem of cognoscere "to get to know, recognize," from assimilated form of com"together" (see co-) + gnoscere "to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." In 17c. the meaning was extended to include perception and sensation. gnosis (n.) "knowledge," especially "special knowledge of spiritual mysteries," 1703, from Greek gnōsis "a knowing, knowledge; a judicial inquiry, investigation; a being known," in Christian writers, "higher knowledge of spiritual things," from PIE *gnō-ti-, from root *gno- "to know." couth (adj.) Middle English couth "known, well-known; usual, customary," from Old English cuðe "known," past participle of cunnan "to know," less commonly "to have power to, to be able" (see can (v.1)). As a past participle it died out 16c. with the emergence of could, but the old word was reborn 1896, with a new sense of "cultured, refined," as a back-formation from uncouth (q.v.). The Old English word forms the first element in the masc. proper name Cuthbert, which literally means "famous-bright." uncouth (adj.) Old English uncuð "unknown, strange, unusual; uncertain, unfamiliar; unfriendly, unkind, rough," from un- (1) "not" + cuð "known, well-known," past participle of cunnan "to know" (see can (v.1)), from PIE root *gno- "to know." Meaning "strange, crude, clumsy" is first recorded 1510s. The compound (and the thing it describes) widespread in IE languages, such as Latin ignorantem, Old Norse ukuðr, Gothic unkunþs, Sanskrit ajnatah, Armenian ancanaut', Greek agnotos, Old Irish ingnad "unknown." can (v.1) Old English 1st & 3rd person singular present indicative of cunnan "to know," less commonly as an auxiliary, "to have power to, to be able," (also "to have carnal knowledge"), from Proto-Germanic *kunnjanan "to be mentally able, to have learned" (source also of Old Norse kenna "to become acquainted, try," Old Frisian kanna "to recognize, admit, know," German kennen "to know," Middle Dutch kennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known"), from PIE root *gno- "to know." It holds now only the third sense of "to know," that of "to know how to do something" (as opposed to "to know as a fact" and "to be acquainted with" something or someone). Also used in the sense of may, denoting mere permission. An Old English preterite-present verb, its original past participle, couth, survived only in negation (see uncouth), but compare could. The present participle has spun off with a deflected sense as cunning. ____________________________________ PREFIXES ad- word-forming element expressing... ("direction toward") or ("in addition to") from Latin ad- ("to, toward" in space or time") ("with regard to, in relation to") as a prefix, sometimes merely emphatic... from PIE root *ad- "to, near, at." *ad- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to, near, at." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit adhi "near;" Latin ad "to, toward;" co- in Latin, the form of com- "together, with" in compounds with stems beginning in vowels, h-, and gn-; see com-. Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning ("together, mutually, in common") and used promiscuously with native words (co-worker) and Latin-derived words not beginning with vowels (codependent), including some already having it (co-conspirator).

Answer 275

FORE KNOWLEDGE πρόνοιᾰ • (prónoia) f (genitive προνοίᾱς); first declension Noun foresight, foreknowledge providence. From προνοέω (“to perceive before, foresee”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun). providence (countable and uncountable, plural providences) (now rare) Preparation for the future; good governance, foresight. [from 14th c.] The careful governance and guidance of God (or another deity, nature etc.). [from 14th c.] A manifestation of divine care or direction; an instance of divine intervention. [from 16th c.] quotations ▼ Specifically, the prudent care and management of resources; thriftiness, frugality. [from 17th c.] His providence in saving for his old age is exemplary. From Anglo-Norman providence, Middle French providence, and their source, Latin prōvidentia (“providence, foresight”), from the present participle of prōvidēre (“to provide”). prōvīdēre third-person plural perfect active indicative of prōvideō ``` prōvideō (present infinitive prōvidēre, perfect active prōvīdī, supine prōvīsum); second conjugation Verb I foresee I am cautious; I act with foresight I provide, see to I look after, care for. From prō- +‎ videō (“I see”). ``` __________________________________ ANTONYMS αναπαύω (anapávo, “to give a rest, to give comfort”) αναπαύω • (anapávo) (simple past ανέπαυσα, passive αναπαύομαι) Verb give comfort, give a rest ανάπαυση • (anápafsi) f (uncountable) Noun rest, sleep (euphemistic) dead. αναπαμός • (anapamós) m (plural αναπαμοί) Noun rest, respite, relaxation quiet, peace. ανάπαυλα f (anápavla, “respite, relaxation”) ανάπαυση f (anápafsi, “rest, peace, repose, comfort”) αναπαυτήριο n (anapaftírio, “retreat, resting place”) αναπαυτικά (anapaftiká, “restfully, cosily”, adverb) αναπαυτικός (anapaftikós, “restful, cosy”, adjective) ξεκούραση • (xekoúrasi) f (uncountable) Noun rest, relaxation

Answer 276

KNOW OF ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses Verb (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person. _____________________________ SYNONYM (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”)

Answer 277

TO KNOW ``` γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (simple past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) Verb know (something), be aware, recognize . know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance. ``` From γνῶσις (“known”) +‎ -ίζω (-forms verbs from nouns). γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō) Verb make known (in passive: become known) learn, discover. _____________________ γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension Noun inquiry knowledge. ______________________ From γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) +‎ -σις (-sis). γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō) verb I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn quotations ▼ I know, understand I distinguish, discern quotations ▼ (with genitive) I am aware of something quotations ▼ (followed by relative clauses) I perceive that... quotations ▼ (in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think quotations ▼ (passive, of persons) I am judged guilty quotations ▼ (perfect passive with active sense) quotations ▼ I know carnally, have sex with fame. γῐνώσκω • (ginṓskō) Verb an alternative later spelling of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō) Inflection __________________________ From Proto-Indo-European *ǵiǵneh₃- ǵneh₃- (perfective) to know

Answer 278

MEANS OF KNOWING ``` γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension noun means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision ``` From γνω- (gnō-), lengthened grade of the root of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -μη (-mē).

Answer 279

TO KNOW nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge. quotations ▼

Answer 280

``` Original Word: κατανοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katanoeó Phonetic Spelling: (kat-an-o-eh'-o) Definition: to take note of, perceive Usage: I take note of, perceive, consider carefully, discern, detect, make account of. HELPS Word-studies 2657 katanoéō (from 2596 /katá, "down along, exactly according to" and 3539 /noiéō, "to think") – properly, to think from up to down, to a conclusion; to consider exactly, attentively (decisively); to concentrate by fixing one's thinking " 'to perceive clearly' (kata, intensive), 'to understand fully, consider closely' " (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 123). 2657 (katanoéō) expresses real comprehending – "thinking decisively to a definite (clear) understanding." ``` [2657 (katanoéō) has "the notion of considering attentively (note the kata, 'down into,' " WS, 349).]

Answer 281

Dianoia (Greek: διάνοια, ratio in Latin) is a term used by Plato for a type of thinking, specifically about mathematical and technical subjects. It is the capacity for, process of, or result of discursive thinking. It is in contrast with the immediate apprehension that is characteristic of noesis. In Aristotle, knowledge is further divided into the theoretical (episteme), and the practical, which includes techne and phronesis. However, it is possible to trace the origin of the word "ratio" to the Ancient Greek λόγος (logos). Early translators rendered this into Latin as ratio ("reason"; as in the word "rational"). A more modern interpretation of Euclid's meaning is more akin to computation or reckoning. Medieval writers used the word proportio ("proportion") to indicate ratio and proportionalitas ("proportionality") for the equality of ratios. _______________________________ Original Word: διάνοια, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: dianoia Phonetic Spelling: (dee-an'-oy-ah) Definition: the mind, disposition, thought Usage: understanding, intellect, mind, insight. 1271 diánoia (from 1223 /diá, "thoroughly, from side-to-side," which intensifies 3539 /noiéō, "to use the mind," from 3563 /noús, "mind") – properly, movement from one side (of an issue) to the other to reach balanced-conclusions; full-orbed reasoning (= critical thinking), i.e. dialectical thinking that literally reaches "across to the other side" (of a matter). 1271 /diánoia ("critical thinking"), literally "thorough reasoning," incorporates both sides of a matter to reach a meaningful (personal) conclusion. Such "full-breadth reasoning" is essential to loving (25 /agapáō) the Lord and our neighbor (see Mk 12:30). It is also the instrument of self-destruction when exercised without God's light and power (Lk 1:51; Eph 2:3, 4:18; Col 1:21). [1271 /diánoia (dianoia) is also used of "reasoning and speech between characters in ancient dramas" (LS; cf. Aristotle, Rh 1, 404). But 1271 (diánoia) works to a person's own undoing when it operates apart from the light of God's word (Eph 4:18).]

Answer 282

BRAIN ``` εγκέφαλος • m εγκέφαλοι - plural ἐγκεφᾰ́λου - genitive Noun ("brain") From ἐν- (“in”) +‎ κεφᾰλή (“head”) +‎ -ος (noun). ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhalos) m (); second declension brain heart of the date palm Noun brain heart of the date palm ``` ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhalos) m or f (neuter ἐγκέφᾰλον); second declension Adjective inside the head. ``` κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension Noun English Wikipedia has an article on: Kephale (Byzantine Empire) head a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line"). the top-most part the most important part (Byzantine) a provincial governor. ``` English: cephalo- κεφάλι • (kefáli) n (plural κεφάλια) (anatomy) head Synonym: κεφαλή (kefalí) From Ancient Greek κεφάλιον (“little head”) From κεφᾰλή (“head”) +‎ -ῐον (diminutive) πονοκέφαλος m (“headache”) κεφαλάρι n (kefalári, “headrest, pillow, etc”) κέφαλος m (“mullet”) κάνω του κεφαλιού μου (“to do whatever one wants”) (literally: "to do of one's head") ᾰ̓κέφᾰλος • (aképhalos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓κέφᾰλον); second declension Adjective headless without beginning. From ἀ- (a-, privative alpha) +‎ κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) +‎ -ος (-os). ἀποκεφαλίζω • (apokephalízō) Verb To decapitate, behead. From ἀπο- (apo-, “away, off”) +‎ κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō, denominative verb suffix). ``` ακέφαλος • (akéfalos) m (feminine ακέφαλη, neuter ακέφαλο) Adjective leaderless, without a ruler headless, without a head unguided, rudderless. ``` ``` ακόρυφος • (akóryfos) m (feminine ακόρυφη, neuter ακόρυφο) Adjective peakless, headless leaderless, without a ruler powerless, unguided. ``` ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (kephalē) f (Bohairic) head _________________________________ ``` μυαλό • (myaló) n (plural μυαλά) Noun (anatomy) brain (plural) brains (used as food) brain (person providing interlectual input) mind head. ``` αυτό το μεγαλοφυές μυαλό ("this genial mind" ``` Inherited from Ancient Greek γνώμη (gnṓmē). γνώμη • (gnómi) f (plural γνώμες) opinion, perception (subjective thought) γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension Noun means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision __________________________________ SUFFIX ``` -ῐον • (-ion) n (genitive -ῐ́ου); second declension A noun–forming diminutive suffix. ``` Recent additions to the category ἡλιοτρόπιον ἀκόντιον σκολοπένδριον στρούθιον σατύριον λεπίδιον κίρσιον ψύλλιον δελφίνιον χελιδόνιον Oldest pages ordered by last edit Ἴσειον οὐροπύγιον ἐρείπιον κεφάλιον μονοπώλιον ἀργύριον παγκράτιον κυμάτιον σωληνάριον ἀντικνήμιον ```

Answer 283

DIRECT 1st HAND KNOWLEDGE ``` γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension Not n means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision ``` Original Word: γνώμη, ης, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: gnómé Phonetic Spelling: (gno'-may) Definition: purpose, opinion, consent, decision Usage: opinion, counsel, judgment, intention, decree. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 1106 gnṓmē (a feminine noun, apparently derived from 1097 /ginṓskō, "experientially, personally know") – a personal opinion or judgment formed in (by) an active relationship, the result of direct ("first-hand") knowledge. See 1097 (ginōskō).

Answer 284

DISCERN - JUDGE ``` From Latin - cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation Verb I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide ``` From Proto-Indo-European *krey- Root *krey- ('to sift, separate, divide") From Ancient Greek: κρῑ́νω (krī́nō) Verb κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize. ``` ἀνακρῑ́νω (anakrī́nō) ἀποκρῑ́νω (apokrī́nō) διακρῑ́νω (diakrī́nō) ἐγκρῑ́νω (enkrī́nō) ἐκκρῑ́νω (ekkrī́nō) ἐπικρῑ́νω (epikrī́nō) κατακρῑ́νω (katakrī́nō) κρίμα (kríma) κρίσις (krísis) κριτής (kritḗs) κριτός (kritós) παρακρῑ́νω (parakrī́nō) περικρῑ́νω (perikrī́nō) προκρῑ́νω (prokrī́nō) προσκρῑ́νω (proskrī́nō) συγκρῑ́νω (sunkrī́nō) ὑποκρῑ́νομαι (hupokrī́nomai) ``` _________________________________ ``` ἀποκρῑ́νω • (apokrī́nō) Verb to separate, set apart to distinguish to choose to reject on inquiry (in middle voice) to answer, give answer, reply to answer charges, defend oneself to meet events, circumstances (passive) to be given as an answer (+ dative of agent) ``` From ἀπό (“from, away from”) + κρίνω (“to separate, distinguish, judge”). _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ SUFFIX ᾰ̓πό • (apó) (governs the genitive) PREFIX from, away from because of, as a result of ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). *h₂epó Adverb off, away, from Synonym: *h₂pó ``` *h₂pó Adverb off, away, from Synonym: *h₂epó HITTITE 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Preposition back, again, further Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”) ``` Latin ab (“from”) ab (+ ablative) Preposition from, away from, out of down from at, on, in (time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of ``` Old English æf (“of”) English ("off, of and after") Sanskrit अप (apa, “away, off”)

Answer 285

TRANSITION - TRANSCENDENT βάση • (vási) f (plural βάσεις) ``` base, foundation (the lowest part of something) βάση για μακιγιάζ (makeup foundation) (chemistry) base basis (underlying reason) base (the lowest part of something) ``` _____________________________ βᾰ́σῐς • (básis) f (genitive βᾰ́σεως); third declension step rhythm foot foundation, base τρία Μύρωνος ἔργα κολοσσικὰ ἱδρυμένα ἐπὶ μιᾶς βάσεως (Strabo Geog 14.1.14) (geometry) one of the three sides of a triangle fixedness From Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis From Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (English come). Synchronically analyzable as βαίνω (“I go”) +‎ -σις (-abstract noun). _____________________________ HEBREW בָּסִיס • (basis) m (plural indefinite בְּסִיסִים‎, singular construct בְּסִיס־, plural construct בְּסִיסֵי־‎) [pattern: קָטִיל] ("a base") בְּסִיסִי • (b'sisí) (feminine בְּסִיסִית‎, masculine plural בְּסִיסִים‎ or בְּסִיסִיִּים‎, feminine plural בְּסִיסִיּוֹת‎) Adjective Basic: fundamental; simple; elementary. ‏מזון בסיסי‎‎ ― mazón b'sisí ― a staple food ‏אלגברה בסיסית‎‎ ― álgebra b'sisít ― elementary algebra From בסיס‎ (basís) +‎ ־י‎ (-í). A Mishnaic borrowing from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”) (whence also English come). ``` Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis f (oblique stem *gʷm̥téy-) ("step, act of walking") From *gʷem- (“to step”) +‎ *-tis. *(é)-tis f Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots. ``` Proto-Indo-European/ *gʷem- ("To step") ______________________________________ ENGLISH Come From Middle English comen, cumen, from Old English coman, cuman (“to come, go, happen”), from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”). come (third-person singular simple present comes, present participle coming, simple past came or (archaic) come, past participle come or (rare) comen) (intransitive) To move from further away to nearer to. quotations ▼ She’ll be coming ’round the mountain when she comes […] To move towards the speaker. I called the dog, but she wouldn't come. Stop dawdling and come here! To move towards the listener. Hold on, I'll come in a second. You should ask the doctor to come to your house. To move towards the object that is the focus of the sentence. No-one can find Bertie Wooster when his aunts come to visit. Hundreds of thousands of people come to Disneyland every year. (in subordinate clauses and gerunds) To move towards the agent or subject of the main clause. King Cnut couldn't stop the tide coming. He threw the boomerang, which came right back to him. To move towards an unstated agent. The butler should come when called. (intransitive) To arrive. quotations ▼ (intransitive) To appear, to manifest itself. quotations ▼ The pain in his leg comes and goes. (intransitive) To take a position relative to something else in a sequence. Which letter comes before Y? Winter comes after autumn. (intransitive, vulgar, slang) To achieve orgasm; to cum; to ejaculate. quotations ▼ He came after a few minutes. (copulative, figuratively, with close) To approach a state of being or accomplishment. quotations ▼ They came very close to leaving on time. His test scores came close to perfect. One of the screws came loose, and the skateboard fell apart. (figuratively, with to) To take a particular approach or point of view in regard to something. He came to SF literature a confirmed technophile, and nothing made him happier than to read a manuscript thick with imaginary gizmos and whatzits. (copulative, archaic) To become, to turn out to be. quotations ▼ He was a dream come true. (intransitive) To be supplied, or made available; to exist. He's as tough as they come. Our milkshakes come in vanilla, strawberry and chocolate flavours. A new sports car doesn't come cheap. (slang) To carry through; to succeed in. You can't come any tricks here. (intransitive) Happen. quotations ▼ This kind of accident comes when you are careless. (intransitive, with from or sometimes of) To have as an origin, originate. To have a certain social background. quotations ▼ To be or have been a resident or native. Where did you come from? To have been brought up by or employed by. She comes from a good family. He comes from a disreputable legal firm. To begin (at a certain location); to radiate or stem (from). The river comes from Bear Lake. Where does this road come from? (intransitive, of grain) To germinate. ____________________________________ SENTIENCE αίσθηση Noun ("sense, sensation, consciousness, percept") ``` αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) Noun sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` αισθητικότητα • (aisthitikótita) f (uncountable) Adjective aestheticity (sensitive to beauty) sensitiveness (sensitive on the skin) αισθητικός (aisthitikós, “aesthetic, related to feeling”) +‎ -ότητα (-ótita, “-ty, -ness”). αισθητική • (aisthitikí) f (plural αισθητικές) Noun aesthetics, aesthetic (study or philosophy of beauty) (figuratively) aesthetics (the appearance or ethos of something) a preoccupation with cosmetic beauty and body care. ινστιτούτο αισθητικής n (institoúto aisthitikís, “beauty salon, beauty parlour”) αισθητής m (aisthitís, “aesthete”) αισθητικός (aisthitikós, “aesthetic”) αισθητισμός m (aisthitismós, “aestheticism”) αισθητικότητα (aisthitikótita, “aesthetic”) αισθησιακός (aisthisiakós, “sensual, sensuous”) αισθησιασμός m (aisthisiasmós, “sensuality”) αισθητήρας (aisthitíras) αισθητήριο n (aisthitírio, “sense organ, intuition”) αισθητήριος (aisthitírios, “sensory”) and see: αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel, to sense”) αισθητισμός • (aisthitismós) m (uncountable) Noun (philosophy) aestheticism (philosophy) estheticism (US) αισθητικότητα • (aisthitikótita) f (uncountable) Noun aestheticity (sensitive to beauty) sensitiveness (sensitive on the skin) αισθητικός (aisthitikós, “aesthetic, related to feeling”) +‎ -ότητα (-ótita, “-ty, -ness”). αισθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) deponent (simple past αισθάνθηκα) Verb ("feel") αισθάνομαι πόνο ― aisthánomai póno ― I feel pain Aισθάνομαι καλά, δεν είμαι άρρωστος. ― Aisthánomai kalá, den eímai árrostos. ― I feel well, I am not sick sense Aισθάνομαι ότι μου λες αλήθεια. ― Aisthánomai óti mou les alítheia. ― I understand that you are telling me the truth. αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) Verb (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... quotations ▼ (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-, from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”), Latin audiō (“I hear”), and Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”). ``` ἀΐω • (aḯō) Verb (poetic) perceive (with genitive or accusative) (with the ear) to hear (with the eye) to see To have heard To listen, obey Synonyms (hear): ἀκούω (akoúō), εἴδομαι (eídomai) (perceive): αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai) ``` Synonyms ευαισθησία (evaisthisía) _______________________________________ εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) Verb ("to be seen, to be apparent, to appear") (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do. (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like. (intransitive) to be like, to look like. From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”) compare the very closely related οἶδα. The aorist tense, εἶδον (eîdon, “I saw”), has a related but different meaning, and its second aorist middle form, εἰδόμην (eidómēn), contrasts with the first aorist middle of this verb, εἰσᾰ́μην (eisámēn). The perfect tense, οἶδα (oîda, “I know”), functions as a present tense word with its own meaning. ``` εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive. (strengthened) to look at, observe. to see a person, to meet, speak with them. to see, experience, become acquainted with. to look at or towards. to see mentally, to perceive. to examine, investigate. ``` All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι Greek: είδα (see) (perfective forms of βλέπω (look) __________________________________ AWARE ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension Verb ("care, concern") From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to note, sense”). *wer- Verb to cover, heed, notice ὁράω • (horáō) Verb (intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone] (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind (copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb] Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold δεινὸς ἰδεῖν deinòs ideîn horrible to look at (transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something] (transitive) To find out [+indirect question] ὅρᾱ εἰ ... hórā ei ... see if/whether ... (transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that ...] (intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; horâis? horâte? Do you see? (transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone] From earlier *ϝοράω (*woráō), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”), ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”), Latin vereor (“fear”), English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”). Germanic: *warduz (“guard, keeper”) Latin - vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent I have respect for, revere, stand in awe. I am afraid, fear; dread. From Proto-Italic *werēōr from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “see”) ENGLISH Aware - Beware - Wary. aware (comparative more aware or awarer, superlative most aware or awarest) Vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty. Stay aware! Don't let your guard down. Conscious or having knowledge of something. Are you aware of what is being said about you? ``` OLD ENGLISH ġeƿær from Old English ġewær (“aware”), Equivalent to ġe- +‎ wær. -wær Verb ("cautious, on guard, watching out for something (+genitive)") ``` ġe- Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection. Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process". Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs. Cognate with Old Saxon war, Old High German war, Old Norse varr, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars). _______________________________ Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)). Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)). __________________________________ οἶδᾰ • (oîda) Verb (transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something] (with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one's heart (transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something] (transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something] (intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something] to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) (negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don't know if or whether, I doubt that (parenthetic) (a superlative is often followed by the phrase "ὧν ἴσμεν") __________________________________ ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension Noun (poetic) voice. (poetic) word. from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs. Related to ἔπος (épos) and εἰπεῖν (eipeîn). Cognates include Latin vōx, Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c) *wṓkʷs f (oblique stem *wokʷ-) voice, speech *wekʷ- (imperfective) to speak, to sound out ``` εἶπον • (eîpon) Verb I said, spoke From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ-om, from *wekʷ- (“to speak, make a sound”), from which also came ὄψ (óps, “voice, word”). Cognates include Sanskrit अवोचम् (á-vocam) and Latin vōx (“voice”). __________________________________ SENSE ``` έννοια sense, meaning, concept, notion, connotation, construction. Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)). Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”) __________________________________ οὖρος • (oûros) m (genitive οὔρου); second declension Noun ("guardian, watcher") Cognate with Latin servus. servus m (genitive servī); second declension ("a servant, a serf, a slave") From Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo- (“guardian”) possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (haraiti, “he heeds, protects”). ``` servō (present infinitive servāre, perfect active servāvī, supine servātum); first conjugation Verb I maintain, keep. I protect, keep, guard, watch over I save. I preserve, store, keep. (figuratively) I permit, allow ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, protect”). Possible cognates in Ancient Greek Ἥρα (Hḗra), ἥρως (hero). ἥρως • (hḗrōs) m (genitive ἥρωος); third declension Noun (Epic) a hero of the Trojan War: any of the major combatants of the Greek or Trojan forces (Classical Ancient Greek) a hero or heroine of the ancient Greek religion: a human or demigod whose shrine was celebrated with chthonic rituals organized by local governments. ``` Ἥρᾱ • (Hḗrā) f (genitive Ἥρᾱς); first declension Proper noun. (Greek mythology) Hera ("a title of the empresses of Rome") see also Ζεύς (Zeús) Pythagorean name for nine ("the planet Venus") ``` ``` Ζεύς From Proto-Hellenic *dzéus, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognate with Sanskrit द्यु (dyú), Latin Iuppiter, Old English Tīw, Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (sius). Δάν (Dán) – Aeolic Δεύς (Deús) – Laconian Ζάν (Zán), Ζάς (Zás) – Doric Ζήν (Zḗn) – poetic Θιός (Thiós), Σιός (Siós) – Boeotian Τάν (Tán) – Cretan ``` Ζήν • (Zḗn) m Proper noun Poetic form of Ζεύς (Zeús) Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws m (oblique stem diw-) sky, heaven sky god From earlier *dyéws from *dyew- +‎ *-s. *dyew- to be bright sky, heaven Proto-Indo-European/deywós *deywós m (non-ablauting) ("Sky God") From the root *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) __________________________________ HEAVEN from Old English heofon (“heaven, sky”) Old English heofon m ("the sky, heaven") heofonlīċ Heavenly, from heaven. Of, in, or belonging to heaven, belonging to the divine; the godly. Having purity that belongs to heaven, chaste. -līċ Forming adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’. Forming adjectives denoting multiplicity (compare English -fold) þrīlīċ (“triple, three-fold”) From Proto-Germanic *-līkaz (“having the body or form of”) from *līką (“body”) (whence English lich). Middle English - lich (plural liches) (archaic) A corpse or dead body. [from 9th c.] (fantasy, roleplay) A reanimated corpse or undead being, particularly a still-intelligent undead spellcaster. From Old English - līc, līċ n dead body, corpse (poetic) a (living) body, especially the torso. English - like Heavenly = Heaven like. Old Irish - leac leac f (genitive singular leice or lice, nominative plural leaca or leac(r)acha) large, flat stone; slab (paving stone); flagstone gravestone Tá leac lena cheann. He is dead and buried. slab (flat piece of material), something slab-shaped leac seacláide ― a slab of chocolate Ghearr an long an coipeadh ina leaca. The ship cut the foam into slabs. kitty (pool of money) Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek πλάξ (“flat stone”) Photo - Celtic *ɸlikkā f (flat) stone From Proto-Indo-European *pl̥keh (“flat surface”). πλάξ • (pláx) f (genitive πλᾰκός); third declension anything flat and broad esp. flat land, plain, the ocean surface flat stone, tablet tombstone, slab (e.g. of marble) plate (in the plural) flaps, tail fins (e.g. of crustaceans) Old English - heofonrīċe n ("kingdom of heaven") Middle English - heavenric (obsolete) The kingdom of heaven; heaven as the place of the blessed. from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, heaven, sky”). From English heaven. Middle English - heven (rare) Alternative form of haven (“to have”) From Old English habban, hafian. habban to have, to possess (auxiliary) have (used with a participle to express the perfect tense) from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“take, seize”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin capere. Middle English - heven (third-person singular simple present heveth, present participle hevende, simple past hof, past participle yhoven) ("To raise, lift, heave") Cognate with Scots heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”) Old Saxon heƀan (“heaven, sky”) Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”) from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, heaven, sky”) __________________________________ SKY sky (plural skies) The atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the ground during the day. That year, a meteor fell from the sky. The part of the sky which can be seen from a specific place or at a specific time; its condition, climate etc. I lay back under a warm Texas sky. We're not sure how long the cloudy skies will last. Heaven. This mortal has incurred the wrath of the skies. Ellipsis of sky blue (mathematics, theoretical physics) The set of all lightlike lines (or directions) passing through a given point in space-time. (colloquial, dated) In an art gallery, the upper rows of pictures that cannot easily be seen. (obsolete) A cloud. From Middle English sky, from Old Norse ský (“cloud”), from Proto-Germanic *skiwją, *skiwô (“cloud, cloud cover, haze”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to cover, hide, cloud”). Cognate with Old English scēo (“cloud”), Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål sky (“cloud”), Old Irish ceo (“mist, fog”), Irish ceo (“mist, fog”). ``` Old English - sċēo m ("cloud") from Proto-Indo-European *(s)k(')ew- ("sky, cloud”) Cognate with Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”) Old Norse ský (“cloud”) Old Irish cēo (“sky”). ``` Also related to Old English scūa (“shadow, darkness”), Latin obscūrus (“dark, shadowy”), Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “he covers”). ``` Greek - ουρανός (Sky, Heaven") ουρανός • (ouranós) m (plural ουρανοί) sky roof, canopy firmament, heaven, heavens έβδομος ουρανός m (évdomos ouranós, “seventh heaven”) ουρανής (ouranís, “sky-blue”, adj) ουρανίσκος m (ouranískos, “palate, roof of the mouth”) ουράνιος (ouránios, “celestial”) ουράνιο τόξο n (ouránio tóxo, “rainbow”) ``` ουράνιος • (ouránios) m (feminine ουράνια, neuter ουράνιο) Adjective celestial, heavenly, of or relating to the sky (figuratively) divine (beauty) ``` στερέωμα • (steréoma) n (plural στερεώματα) Noun (colloquial) support, framework (colloquial) keel (literary) firmament, the heavens (figuratively) group (of people of common interest); coterie. From στερεόω (stereóō) +‎ -μα (-ma), from στερεός (stereós, “firm, solid”). ``` ``` στερεός • (stereós) m (feminine στερεᾱ́, neuter στερεόν); first/second declension Adjective firm, solid standard, of full value (of money) (figuratively) stiff, stubborn hard, stubborn, cruel solid, cubic (of bodies and quantities) ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ster (“strong, steady”), the same root of Old English starian (“to stare”), Proto-Germanic *staraz (“stiff”) and στεῖρος (steîros, “barren, sterile”). γαλάζιος • (galázios) m (feminine γαλάζια, neuter γαλάζιο) ("Azure sky blue") ``` μπλε • (ble) (indeclinable) Adjective blue (neuter, as a noun) blue βαθύ μπλε (vathý ble, “deep blue”) __________________________________ SUFFIX ``` -ότητα (“-ty, -ness”)

Answer 286

SENSE - SENSATION Αίσθηση ``` αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) Noun sensation, sense who πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` see: αίσθηση f (aísthisi, “sense, sensation”) From Ancient Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis). _____________________________________ ``` αισθησιακός • (aisthisiakós) m (feminine αισθησιακή, neuter αισθησιακό) Adjective sensual, sensuous luscious _____________________________________ ``` αισθησιασμός • (aisthisiasmós) m (plural αισθησιασμοί) Noun sensuality _____________________________________ ``` αισθητήρας • (aisthitíras) m αισθητήρες - plural Noun sensor _____________________________________ ``` αισθητήριο • (aisthitírio) m (plural αισθητήρια) Noun intuition sense organ αισθητήριο όργανο • (aisthitírio órgano) n (plural αισθητήρια όργανα) (anatomy, biology) sense organ, sensory organ _____________________________________ αισθητήριος • (aisthitírios) m (feminine αισθητήρια, neuter αισθητήριο) Adjective sensory, sense _____________________________________ αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension Noun Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing Perception by the intellect as well as the senses That which is perceived: scent Ability to perceive: discernment Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters. From αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). _____________________________________ ``` αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) Passive verb (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-, from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”), Latin audiō (“I hear”), and Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”). HITTITE 𒌋𒄴𒄭 • (u-uḫ-ḫi) (first-person singular present active) Verb I see From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ow-, *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”) *h₂ew- ("to perceive, see, to be aware of") _____________________________________ SANSKRIT आविस् • (āvís) ("before the eyes, openly, manifestly, evidently") Cognate with Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”), Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”), Latin audiō (“I hear, listen”). _____________________________________ ἀΐω • (aḯō) ``` (poetic) perceive (with genitive or accusative) (with the ear) to hear (with the eye) to see To have heard To listen, obey ``` Synonyms (hear) : ἀκούω (akoúō), εἴδομαι (eídomai) (perceive) : αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai) _____________________________________ αισθησιακός (aisthisiakós, “sensual, sensuous”) αισθησιασμός m (aisthisiasmós, “sensuality”) αισθητήρας (aisthitíras) αισθητήριο n (aisthitírio, “sense organ, intuition”) αισθητήριος (aisthitírios, “sensory”) and see: αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel, to sense”)

Answer 287

VISION - EYESIGHT όραση • (órasi) f (plural οράσεις) Noun ("vision, sight, eyesight") ``` ὅρᾱσῐς • (hórāsis) f (genitive ὁρᾱ́σῐος or ὁρᾱ́σεως); third declension Noun seeing, sight a vision appearance ``` From ὁράω (horáō) +‎ -σῐς (-sis).

Answer 288

CAUSE - REASON - THING CONTROVERSY From the PIE Root / *h₂ey- *h₂ey- ("vital force, life, age, eternity") ``` From Celtic: *aiwestom *aiwestom n ("age, lifetime, era") From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-w-es-to- From *h₂ey- (“age, eternity”). ``` From *h₂óyu n (oblique stem *h₂yéw-) ("long time, lifetime") αἰτέω • (aitéō) Verb ("Beg - Plead - Pray - Petition") (usually transitive) to ask for, crave, demand, beg [+accusative = something], [+two accusatives = something from someone]; or with object omitted. (transitive) to ask for [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something]. (logic, transitive) to postulate, assume. (middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one's own use or purpose, to claim. (passive, of persons) to have a thing begged of one. (of things) to be asked for. Synonyms (beg): δέομαι (passive verb), αἰτίζω (verb) αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension Adjective causing, being the author of, responsible for to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable (substantive) defendant, accused, culprit. From *αἶτος (“share”) +‎ -ιος (adjective) From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s From *h₂ey- (“to give”). SUFFIX -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to. Hittite -𒉡𒊻𒍣 • (-nu-uz-zi) Suffix Used to form causative verbs from verbs or adjectives. Akkadian Adverb 𒉡 (lā) [NU] ("not") From Proto-Anatolian *-nū́di. *-nū́di (plural, '*-nwénti') Suffix Used to form causative verbs from verbs or adjectives. From Proto-Indo-European *-néwti. *(Ø)-néwti Forms transitive imperfective verbs from roots. Forms verbs that do not have a beginning, middle or ending. They are "ongoing" verbs. Russian ны́не • (nýne) Adverb ("now, nowadays, today, at present") ``` Latin - nūdus (feminine nūda, neuter nūdum); first/second-declension adjective Adjective unclothed, nude, naked stripped, deprived, destitute poor, needy bare, simple, pure unadorned from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós. Cognates include Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”) ``` From Sanskrit नग्न • (nagná) ("naked, bare, desolate, desert, new") From Old English nacod ("naked") From Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz ("Naked") *nakwōną ("to make naked, bare, expose oneself") From Proto-Italic *nogʷedos Adjective ("Naked") ``` from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós. Root ("Naked") ___________________________________ ETERNAL - AGE - AEON αιώνιος • (aiónios) m (feminine αιώνια or αιωνία, neuter αιώνιο) Adjective eternal, everlasting, perpetual (figuratively) hard-wearing. ``` see: αιώνας m (“century, eon, eternity”) ανθεκτικός • (anthektikós) m (feminine ανθεκτική, neuter ανθεκτικό) Adjective ("hard, tough, durable, hard-wearing") ανθεκτικότητα • (anthektikótita) f (plural ανθεκτικότητες) Adjective ("durability, endurance") Synonym: αντοχή (antochí) αντοχή • (antochí) f (plural αντοχές) Noun ("endurance, withstanding") αντέχω • (antécho) άντεξα - simple past passive Verb ("withstand, endure, bear, stand, persevere") αιώνας • (aiónas) m (plural αιώνες) Noun century (100 consecutive years) century (specifically a numbered period with conventional start) Έγινε στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα. ― It took place in the middle of the 20th century. (geology) eon, era, age Φανεροζωικός αιώνας ― Phanerozoic eon ("eternity, age, eon") From Ancient Greek αἰών (“epoch”). ``` αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension Noun lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity. From earlier αἰϝών (aiwṓn) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”) whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye. ``` ___________________________________ LATIN - (Eternity) aevum n (genitive aevī); second declension Noun time, eternity lifetime, age, generation (Medieval Latin, philosophy) aevum, the mean between time and eternity, aeviternity. From earlier aevom, from Old Latin aivom, from Proto-Italic *aiwom (“period, age”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force”) (compare Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏‎ (āiiū), Ancient Greek αἰές (aiés), German nie, je). aevum (uncountable) (philosophy) the mean between time and eternity; the state of being of the angels and saints in heaven. (mean between time and eternity): aeviternity. aeviternity (countable and uncountable, plural aeviternities) (philosophy) The midpoint between time and eternity; the mode of being of the angels, saints, and celestial bodies (which mediaeval astronomy believed to be unchanging). 1862, (St. Thomas Aquinas), Summa Theologica - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 78: Further, if there is no before and after in aeviternity, it follows that in aeviternal things there is no difference between being, having been, or going to be. Since then it is impossible for aeviternal things not to have been, it follows that it is impossible for them not to be in the future; which is false, since God can reduce them to nothing. 2002, William Ferguson, Jonah Christopher and the Last Chance Mass, →ISBN, page 90: “Aeviternity,” the old man said in a matter-of-fact way, shrugging his shoulders. “You were in aeviternity.” Seeing Jonah's puzzled look and knowing that his charge was not one to rest without the answers he sought, he continued, “. . .the realm of the angels and saints. What most people mean when they say eternity is actually aeviternity. You see, eternity is unchanging, without beginning or end. Only God is truly eternal. 2013, Samuel L. Macey, Encyclopedia of Time, →ISBN, page 169: At the end of the world after the last judgment, time will cease and we will live like the angels in a state of aeviternity. aevum (uncountable) (philosophy) the mean between time and eternity; the state of being of the angels and saints in heaven. aeviternitās f (genitive aeviternitātis); third declension Alternative form of aeternitās (philosophy) aeviternity, aevum, a mean between time and eternity. ___________________________________ ENGLISH - (Eternity) From Middle English eternyte, from Old French eternité, eternitez, from Latin aeternitās. eternity (countable and uncountable, plural eternities) (uncountable) Existence without end, infinite time.. (uncountable, philosophy) Existence outside of time. (countable) A period of time which extends infinitely far into the future. (metaphysical) The remainder of time that elapses after death. (informal, hyperbolic) A comparatively long time. It's been an eternity since we last saw each other. sempiternity (uncountable) (philosophy) existence within time but infinitely into the future, as opposed to eternity, understood as existence outside time. sempiternal (not comparable) ")Everlasting, eternal") from semper (“always”) + æternus (“eternal”). (philosophy) Everlasting, that is, having infinite temporal duration (as opposed to eternal: outside time and thus lacking temporal duration altogether). Latin - semper (not comparable) ("Always, One") Spero ut pacem semper habeant. I hope that they may always have peace. Antonyms numquam ("Never") Latin - num (not comparable) now (only in the phrase etiam num) (in a direct question) a particle expecting a negation Num Sparta insula est? — Non est insula. Sparta's not an island, is it? — No, it's not. (in an indirect question) whether. From Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). From Latin: num (“now”), nunc (< *num + -ce) nunc (not comparable) ("now") ``` From Greek νυν (“now”). νυν • (nyn) ("now, currently") νυν και αεί (“now and forever”) Synonyms τώρα • (tóra) ("now") ``` Sanskrit नु • (nú) ("now, at once, now then, so now") Old English nū (whence English now). nu m (oblique and nominative feminine singular nue) Derived terms ("Nude, naked") From Greek - γυμνός Gymnasium - gymno ("Naked") ``` γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension Adjective naked, unclad unarmed, without armor, defenseless bare, uncovered stripped, destitute lightly clad mere ``` ``` from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷmós from *nogʷós ("bare, naked") Derived from PIE root *negʷ- ("bare, naked") ___________________________________ ``` LATIN - (Cause) ``` causa f (genitive causae); first declension Noun cause, reason case, claim, contention motive, pretext situation, condition (figuratively) justification, explanation (Medieval Latin) thing. ``` _____________________________________ SYNONYMOUS δέομαι • (déomai) present mediopassive indicative first-person singular of δέω (déō) ``` From δέω • (déō) Verb I bind, tie, fasten, fetter. (figuratively) (middle) I tie onto myself. (with genitive) I hinder from. (medicine) I brace. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁-. *deh₁- ("to bind") ____________________________________ διαιτάω • (diaitáō) Verb to treat (handle, deal with or behave towards in a specific way) (in the mediopassive) to lead one’s life, live to arbitrate, regulate to reconcile. δια- (dia-) + *αἰτάω (*aitáō), frequentative of αἴνυμαι (aínumai, “to take”); compare αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask for”). Some forms are augmented after the prefix as usual, i.e. διῃτα- (diēita-), but others are augmented to ἐδιαιτα- (ediaita-), treating the first three letters as part of the root. Still other forms have a double augment in ἐδιῃτα- (ediēita-). The double augment is especially common in the prefixed verbs ἀποδιαιτάω (apodiaitáō), ἐκδιαιτάω (ekdiaitáō), etc. (see Derived forms below).

Answer 289

ACCUSE accūsō (present infinitive accūsāre, perfect active accūsāvī, supine accūsātum); first conjugation Verb I blame, reproach, make a complaint against, find fault with. (law) I indict, accuse, arraign, charge with a crime. From ad- (“to, towards, at”) +‎ causa (“cause, reason, account, lawsuit”). ``` Derived terms Edit accūsābilis accūsātiō accūsātīvus accūsātor accūsitō Related terms Edit accūsātōriē accūsātōrius accūsātrīx ``` ``` Postposition causā (+ genitive) for the sake of or on account of urbis causā (“for the sake of the city”). Derived terms Edit ```

Answer 290

EXCUSE excūsō (present infinitive excūsāre, perfect active excūsāvī, supine excūsātum); first conjugation Verb I excuse, allege in excuse; literally, free from a charge. From ex- +‎ causa (“cause, reason; case”) +‎ -ō.

Answer 291

RECUSE ``` recūsō (present infinitive recūsāre, perfect active recūsāvī, supine recūsātum); first conjugation Verb I refuse, decline I object to, reject (law) I protest, object. ``` ``` recūsātiō f (genitive recūsātiōnis); third declension Ve b refusal, declining objection, protest plea in defence, counter plea. ``` recuso +‎ -tio. _______________________________________ SUFFIX -tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension -tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”) quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”) -ātiō f (Vulgar Latin) Form of -tiō appended to nouns ‎gradus + ‎-ātiō → ‎gradātiō ‎cor + ‎-ātiō → ‎*corātiō. By rebracketing of words formed from first conjugation verbs, such as accūsātiō (accūsāre + -tiō), where -ā- is part of the stem.

Answer 292

ASSIGN CAUSE - MOTIVE incūsō (present infinitive incūsāre, perfect active incūsāvī, supine incūsātum); first conjugation Verb (" I find fault with, blame, accuse") From in- +‎ causa (“cause, motive”) +‎ -ō. From prefix in- ("in, within, inside") ``` Also used as a negative prefix. in- un-, non-, not Usage "not" Affixed primarily to adjectives. ``` The spelling of the prefix changes in some situations: Before b or p, it becomes im-. ‎in- + ‎barba (“beard”) → ‎imberbis (“beardless”) ‎in- + ‎patiēns (“patient”) → ‎impatiēns (“impatient”) Before l, m, or r, it becomes il-, im-, or ir-, respectively. ‎in- + ‎labōrātus (“worked, toilsome”) → ‎illabōrātus (“unworked, uncultivated”) ‎in- + ‎mātūrus (“mature”) → ‎immātūrus (“immature”) ‎in- + ‎reverēns (“reverent”) → ‎irreverēns (“irreverent”) Before gn and sometimes n, it becomes ig- (pronounced [ɪŋ-]). ‎in- + ‎gnārus (“knowlegable”) → ‎ignārus (“ignorant”) ‎in- + ‎nōmen (“name”) → ‎ignōminia (“dishonor”) Before f or s, it becomes īn- (pronounced [ĩː-]). ‎in- + ‎fīnītus (“finite”) → ‎īnfīnītus (“endless, infinite”) ‎in- + ‎sānus (“healthy, sane”) → ‎īnsānus (“mad, insane”)

Answer 293

PRECURSOR - PRIOR - FORERUNNER πρόδρομος • (pródromos) m or f (plural πρόδρομοι) Non ("forerunner, precursor, pioneer") προπομπός • (propompós) m (plural προπομποί) Noun ("forerunner") Original Word: πρόδρομος, ου, ὁ, ἡ Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: prodromos Phonetic Spelling: (prod'-rom-os) Definition: a running forward, going in advance Usage: a precursor, forerunner, advance guard. HELPS Word-studies 4274 pródromos (from 4253 /pró, "before" and 1408 /drómos, "a race-course") – properly, a person running ahead (a forerunner) to reach the destination before others – i.e. arriving safely in advance for the benefit of others who also need to get there. ``` Original Word: δρόμος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: dromos Phonetic Spelling: (drom'-os) Definition: a course, race Usage: a running, course, career, race. HELPS Word-studies 1408 drómos (related to edramon, "run" and 5143 /tréxō, "to race") – properly, a race-course (track), where foot-runners competed in the ancient Greek games. ``` ________________________________________ LATIN From Latin: prae + currere precursor (n.) early 15c., from Middle French precurseur and directly from Latin praecursor "forerunner," agent noun from past-participle stem of praecurrere, from prae "before" (see pre-) + currere "to run" (from PIE root *kers- "to run"). Related: Precursory. currō (present infinitive currere, perfect active cucurrī, supine cursum); third conjugation Verb (intransitive) I run. (intransitive) I hurry, hasten, speed. (intransitive) I move, travel, proceed (transitive, of a race, journey, with accusative) I run (transitive, with accusative) I travel through, traverse, run. From Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). From Proto-Italic/ *korzō ("to run") ______________________________________

Answer 294

CONDITION (as in a cause of something) Noun condiciō f (genitive condiciōnis); third declension Noun An agreement, contract, covenant, stipulation, pact, proposition. A condition, term, demand. A marriage, match. (metonymically) A spouse, bride. A love affair, amour. (metonymically) A paramour, lover. An external position, situation, rank, place, circumstances, condition. A nature, mode, character, disposition, manner, condition. From condīcō (“I agree upon, promise; fix”), from con- (“with”) + dīcō (“I say, speak”). Compare Latin conditiō. ``` dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative Verb I say, utter; mention; talk, speak. Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”) Synonyms: āiō, for, loquor I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell. I appoint, name (to an office) I call, name (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I speak in reference to, refer to. ```

Answer 295

RESULT (resulting from) result, effect, score, outcome, conclusion, upshot. αποτέλεσμα • (apotélesma) n (plural αποτελέσματα) Noun n result, outcome (sport, election, etc) τα αποτελέσματα του τεστ ― the test results effect. αποτελεσματικά (apotelesmatiká, “effectively”) αποτελεσματικός (apotelesmatikós, “effective”) αποτελεσματικότητα f (apotelesmatikótita, “efficacy”) αποτελεσματικά • (apotelesmatiká) Adverb ("effectively") αποτελεσματικός • (apotelesmatikós) m (feminine αποτελεσματική, neuter αποτελεσματικό) Adjective ("effective, efficient") αποτελεσματικότητα • (apotelesmatikótita) f (uncountable) Noun ("efficacy, effectiveness") αποτελεσματικός (“effective, efficient”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). _______________________________ LATIN result (v.) early 15c., "occur as a result, arise as a consequence," from Medieval Latin resultare "to result," in classical Latin "to spring forward, rebound," frequentative of past participle of resilire "to rebound" (see resilience). Related: Resulted; resulting. result (n.) 1620s, "action of springing back;" 1640s, "outcome, effect," from result (v.). Related: Results. Mathematical sense from 1771. From Latin: resultare re-echo rebound, spring back reverberate, resound

Answer 296

CONSEQUENCE (follow together, alongside) sequence (n.) late 14c., "hymn sung after the Hallelujah and before the Gospel," from Old French sequence "answering verses" (13c.) from Medieval Latin sequentia "a following, a succession," from Latin sequentem (nominative sequens), present participle of sequi "to follow" from PIE root *sekw- (1) "to follow"). In Church use, a partial loan-translation of Greek akolouthia from akolouthos "following." General sense of "succession," also "a sequence at cards," appeared 1570s. _________________________________ ακόλουθος • (akólouthos) m or f (plural ακόλουθοι) Noun ("attendant, attaché, acolyte") ᾰ̓́κόλουθος • (ákólouthos) m or f neuter ᾰ̓́κόλουθον Adjective ("following, attending") ακόλουθος • (akólouthos) m ακόλουθη feminine Adjective ("following, next, as follows") ακολούθως • (akoloúthos) Adverb ("afterwards, next") ως ακολούθως ― as follows ακολουθώ • (akolouthó) (simple past ακολούθησα, passive ακολουθούμαι, ακολουθιέμαι) Verb follow, pursue. follow, come next. go with, escort. follow, listen to. Ακολούθησε τον Οδυσσέα στην αυλή. ― She followed Odysseas into the yard. From Ancient Greek ἀκολουθέω (“to join, to follow a leader or teacher") ακολουθάω • (akoloutháo) (simple past ακολούθησα, passive ακολουθούμαι, ακολουθιέμαι) Verb Alternative form of ακολουθώ (akolouthó) ἀκολουθέω • (akolouthéō) Verb (transitive, intransitive) to follow, go after, go with [+dative or rarely accusative = someone] or with prepositions such as σύν (sún) and the dative, μετά (metá) and the genitive, or ἐπί (epí) and the accusative. (figuratively) (transitive) to follow one in a thing, let oneself be led by [+dative or rarely accusative = someone or something. (transitive) to follow the thread of a discourse. (of things, transitive) to follow, be consequent on. (intransitive) it follows. From ἀκόλουθος (“following”) +‎ -έω (verbal suffix) ``` παρακολουθώ • (parakolouthó) (simple past παρακολούθησα, passive παρακολουθούμαι) Verb watch, spectate surveille, keep watch on follow, trail. ``` ________________________________________ SYNONYM ``` ἕπομαι • (hépomai) Verb I follow, obey [+dative = someone] Synonym: ἀκολουθέω (akolouthéō) I stand by, support, help I attend, escort I pursue I keep pace with I come near, approach I cling, stick I belong to, am inseparable from I follow suit, agree with I follow, result, am a consequence of I understand. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- *sekʷ- (imperfective) ("to follow") Cognates Ancient Greek: ἑσπόμην (aorist) ἕσπετο • (héspeto) Verb third-person singular aorist middle indicative of ἕπομαι (to follow) ________________________________ LATIN sequor (present infinitive sequī, perfect active secūtus sum); third conjugation, deponent Verb (with accusative) I follow, come or go after. _________________________________ SANSKRIT सचते • (sácate) (root सच्, class 1 A) (Vedic sácatai) Verb to be associated or united with, have to do with, be familiar with, associate oneself with to be possessed of, enjoy to take part or participate in, suffer, endure to belong to, be attached or devoted to, serve, follow, seek, pursue, favour, assist to be connected with to fall to the lot of to be together to go after, follow, accompany, adhere or be attached to to help any one to anything to abide in to follow, obey to belong to to be devoted to or fond of. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor Verb Mediopassive root present of *sekʷ- (“follow”). *sékʷetor (imperfective) ("to be following") ``` सचा • (sácā) Adverb ("near, along, together") (locative case) following or preceding. ``` Compare Latin: secus. secus (+ accusative) Preposition ("by, beside, along, on") Synonym: secundum ("according to, in proportion to") ``` Latin: secus (not comparable) Adverb ("otherwise, to the contrary, differently")

Answer 297

EFFECT επίδραση ("Effect, Impact") Μετά από αυτο, η επίδραση της εξέλιξης χάνεται εντελώς. After that the effect of evolution completely dissipates. Η ομιλία μου αφορά την επίδραση των θρησκειών στον αριθμό των βρεφών ανά γυναίκα. My talk will be about the impact of religions on the number of babies per woman. ______________________________ δρω • (dro) (simple past έδρασα) Verb act, take action, do something take effect, have an effect on. ``` αντιδρώ (antidró, “to respond”) αλληλεπιδρώ (allilepidró, “to interact”) αποδρώ (apodró, “to escape”) δράση f (drási, “action”) δράστης m (drástis, “perpetrator”) δραστικός (drastikós, “effective”) επιδρώ (epidró, “to influence”) ``` ________________________________ αντιδρώ • (antidró) (simple past αντέδρασα, passive —) Verb react, respond (chemistry, physiology) react. __________________________________ αντιδράω • (antidráo) (simple past αντέδρασα, passive —) Verb Alternative form of αντιδρώ (antidró) __________________________________ αλληλεπιδρώ • (allilepidró) (simple past αλληλεπίδρασα) Verb ("interact, act mutually") αλληλ- (“reciprocal, mutual”) +‎ επιδρώ (“to take action”) ἀλλήλων • (allḗlōn) Pronoun referring back to a plural subject, and expressing an action done in two directions: of one another, to one another, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally. From phrases such as ἄλλος ἄλλον (állos állon), ἄλλοι ἄλλους (álloi állous, “one another”) From phrases such as ἄλλος ἄλλον, ἄλλοι ἄλλους (“one another”) ἄλλος • (állos) m (feminine ἄλλη, neuter ἄλλο); first/second declension Adjective other, another, different, else (with article) all others, all besides, the rest (with numerals) yet, still (in lists) as well, besides, too equivalent to ἀλλοῖος (alloîos) of another sort than (with genitive) (in phrases) in combination with τις (tis) any other; anyone else, anything else in the phrase ἄλλος τε καὶ (állos te kaì) especially, most of all in the phrase εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος (eí tis kaì állos) or εἴ τι καὶ ἄλλο (eí ti kaì állo) if anyone, whoever else; if anything, whatever else. From Proto-Hellenic *áľľos from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. *h₂élyos Determiner ("other, another") From *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). __________________________________ PREFIX αλληλ- • (allil-) Alternative form of αλληλο- (allilo-) αλληλο- • (allilo-) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicate some form of reciprocity or mutuality; inter-: ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) → ‎αλληλογραφία (allilografía, “correspondence”) ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎εγγύηση (engýisi, “guarantee, surety”) → ‎αλληλεγγύη (allilengýi, “solidarity”) ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎εξαρτώμαι (exartómai, “to depend on”) → ‎αλληλεξάρτηση (allilexártisi, “interdependency”) ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎επιδρώ (epidró, “to affect”) → ‎αλληλεπίδραση (allilepídrasi, “interaction”) inter- ("between, amid, among, during, within, mutual, reciprocal") From Latin inter- (“between, amid”), a form of prepositional inter (“between”). __________________________________ Old English elles (English else). from Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”) elles they (feminine) From modern Greek αλλιώς (“otherwise, else”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos from *h₂el- (“other”). From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille. From Latin: ille ille - masculine illa - feminine illud - neuter demonstrative pronoun (pronominal) Determiner (determiner) that; those (in the plural) (pronoun) that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it (Vulgar Latin) he, she, it (third-person personal pronoun) (Medieval Latin, Vulgar Latin) the (used as a definite article) __________________________________ __________________________________ δράση • (drási) f (plural δράσεις) Noun action (of person or object) αντίδραση f (antídrasi, “reaction”) αντιδραστικός m (antidrastikós, “reactionary”) ακτίνα δράσης f (aktína drásis, “field of action”) and see: δρω (dro, “to take action”) ______________________________ LATIN efficiō (present infinitive efficere, perfect active effēcī, supine effectum); third conjugation iō-variant I make or work out; effect, execute, complete, accomplish, make, form, compose. I cause to occur, bring about, effect. I produce, bear, yield. I yield, bear, amount to, make out. (philosophy) I make out, show, prove, deduce.

Answer 298

ENERGY - ACTION ``` ενέργεια • (enérgeia) f ενέργειες - plural Noun (physics) energy ("action") ``` δυναμικό ενέργειας n (“action potential”) ενεργειακός (energeiakós, “energy”) ενεργοβόρος (energovóros, “energy greedy”) ενεργώ (energó, “to act, to work”) ενεργητικός (energitikós, “working, energetic”) ενεργός (energós, “active”) ενεργώ • (energó) ενέργησα - simple past ("act, carry out an action") δυναμικό ενέργειας • (dynamikó enérgeias) n Noun (physiology, physics) action potential ``` ενεργητικός • (energitikós) m ( ενεργητική - feminine ενεργητικό - neuter Adjective (linguistics, grammar) in the active voice. ``` ___________________________________ GRAMMAR ενεργητική φωνή f ("active voice”) παθητικός φωνή ("passive voice") ενεργητική φωνή • (energitikí foní) f (grammar) active voice see: ενεργητικός and φωνή (voice) ``` πᾰθητῐκός • (pathētikós) m (feminine πᾰθητῐκή, neuter πᾰθητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective Subject to feeling or passion: sensitive Full of feeling: passionate, sensuous pathetic passive, receptive (grammar) passive ``` From παθ- (path-) the root of πάσχω (páskhō, “to suffer”), + -τικός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix). φωνή • (foní) f φωνές - plural voice, sound (music) voice, note (grammar, linguistics) voice ενεργητική φωνή ― energitikí foní ― active voice παθητική φωνή ― pathitikí foní ― passive voice μέση φωνή ― mési foní ― middle voice μεσοπαθητική φωνή ― mesopathitikí foní ― mediopassive voice

Answer 299

DISCURSIVE - MENTAL - INTELLECTUAL διανοητικός adjective ("Proceeding to a conclusion by reason or argument rather than intuition") Dialogue , discourse. Synonyms Discursive, logical. Antonyms Illogical, direct, analytic.

Answer 300

EVOLUTION - DEVELOPMENT - PROGRESS ``` εξέλιξη • (exélixi) f εξελίξεις - plural Noun (biology) evolution Synonym: ανέλιξη (anélixi) progress Synonym: πρόοδος (próodos) ``` ανέλιξη • (anélixi) f (plural ανελίξεις) Noun (biology) evolution Synonym: εξέλιξη (exélixi) πρόοδος • (próodos) f (plural πρόοδοι) Noun ("progress, moving forward") ανελικτικός • (aneliktikós) m (feminine ανελικτική, neuter ανελικτικό) Adjective evolutionary Synonym: εξελικτικός (exeliktikós) εξέλιξη f (exélixi, “progress, evolution”) εξελικτικός (exeliktikós, “evolutionary”, adjective)

Answer 301

CONTEMPLATE AUGURY - FORETELLING - OMEN contemplate (v.) 1590s, "reflect upon, ponder, study, view mentally, meditate," from Latin contemplatus, past participle of contemplari "to gaze attentively, observe; consider, contemplate," originally "to mark out a space for observation" From templum, where auguries are taken. (as an augur does), from assimilated form of com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + templum "area for the taking of auguries" (see temple (n.1) From c. 1600 as "to view or observe with continued attention." From 1816 as "to intend, have in view as a future act." temple (n.1) "building for worship, edifice dedicated to the service of a deity or deities," Old English tempel, from Latin templum "piece of ground consecrated for the taking of auspices, building for worship of a god," of uncertain signification. Commonly referred to PIE root *tem- "to cut," on notion of "place reserved or cut out" [Watkins], or to root *temp- "to stretch" [Klein, de Vaan], on notion of "cleared (measured) space in front of an altar" (from PIE root *ten- "to stretch;" compare temple (n.2)), the notion being perhaps the "stretched" string that marks off the ground. Compare Greek temenos "sacred area around a temple," literally "place cut off," from stem of temnein "to cut." Figurative sense of "any place regarded as occupied by divine presence" was in Old English. Applied to Jewish synagogues from 1590s. *tem- also *temə-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cut." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek temnein "to cut," tomos "volume, section of a book," originally "a section, piece cut off;" Old Church Slavonic tina "to cleave, split;" Middle Irish tamnaim "I cut off," Welsh tam "morsel." Compare *sec and *sacre ``` contemplātus (feminine contemplāta, neuter contemplātum, adverb contemplātim); first/second-declension participle Participle observed, noted, noticed regarded contemplated ``` αὔγουρ • (aúgour) m (genitive αὔγουρος); third declension Noun ("augur") ___________________________________ SACRED - SECOND - TEM PIE *sekw second (adj., n.) "next in order after the first; an ordinal numeral; being one of two equal parts into which a whole is regarded as divided;" c. 1300, from Old French second, secont, and directly from Latin secundus "following, next in time or order," also "secondary, subordinate, inferior," from PIE *sekw-ondo-, pariticipal form of root *sekw- "to follow." second (n.1) "one-sixtieth of a minute of degree," also "sixtieth part of a minute of time," late 14c. in geometry, from Old French seconde, from Medieval Latin secunda, short for secunda pars minuta "second diminished part," the result of the second division of the hour by sixty (the first being the "prime minute," now called the minute), from Latin secunda, fem. of secundus "following, next in time or order" (see second (adj.)). The second hand of a clock is attested from 1759. SACRED - SANCTIFY From Old Latin saceres From PIE root *sak- "to sanctify." From Old French sacrer "consecrate, anoint, dedicate" saint (v.) ("To Enroll - someone among the saints") late 14c., from saint (n.). Related: Sainted; sainting. ``` saint (n.) early 12c., From Old French saint, seinte "a saint; a holy relic" From Old English sanct. From Latin sanctus "holy, consecrated" From Spanish "santo, santa" From Italian "san" Properly past participle of "sancire" "consecrate" (see sacred). Adopted into most Germanic languages Old Frisian "sankt" Dutch "sint" German "Sanct" ``` holy (adj.) Old English halig "holy, consecrated, sacred; godly; ecclesiastical," from Proto-Germanic *hailaga- (source also of Old Norse heilagr, Danish hellig, Old Frisian helich "holy," Old Saxon helag, Middle Dutch helich, Old High German heilag, German heilig, Gothic hailags "holy"), from PIE *kailo- "whole, uninjured" (see health). Adopted at conversion for Latin sanctus. ____________________________________ άγιος Noun ("Holy") άγιος • (ágios) m (feminine αγία or άγια, neuter άγιο) ("holy, saintly") ("address for priests") (figuratively) a pious person Αϊ- m (Aï-, “Saint”) Αγια- f (Agia-, “Saint”) αγιο- (agio-, “holy”, prefix) Αγια- • (Agia-) feminine, indeclinable (masculine: Αϊ-) Prefix ("Female Saints") ``` ἅγιος • (hágios) m (feminine ἁγίᾱ, neuter ἅγιον); first/second declension Noun devoted to the gods. of things: sacred, holy. of people: holy, pious, pure. accursed. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂ǵ-yus. *Hyeh₂ǵ- ("to sacrifice, to worship, sacred, holy") ἅζομαι • (házomai) (Epic) Verb ("to dread, stand in awe of, reverence") From Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂ǵ- (“to revere”) (compare ἅγιος (hágios) cognate with Sanskrit यजति (yájati, “to revere”). ἁγνός • (hagnós) m (feminine ἁγνή, neuter ἁγνόν); first/second declension Adjective ("pure, chaste, holy, sacred, purifying") SUFFIX -νος • (-nos) m (feminine -νη, neuter -νον); first/second declension Added to roots or words to forms adjectives or nouns; often accented on ultima. From Proto-Indo-European *-nós. *(Ø)-nós Creates verbal adjectives from roots. ἁγνείᾱ • (hagneíā) f (genitive ἁγνείᾱς); first declension Noun n ("purity, chastity, purification, cleansing") ᾰ̔γνῐ́ζω • (hagnízō) (Attic, Koine) Verb (transitive) To make pure, to purify, cleanse away, especially by water. (transitive) To hallow the dead by fire. (transitive) To burn up, destroy. From ἁγνός (“sacred, pure”) +‎ -ίζω (denominative verb suffix). A denominative verb is a verb that is derived from a noun. ᾰ̔γνῐσμός • (hagnismós) m (genitive ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῦ); second declension Noun ("purification, expiation") From ἁγνίζω (“to purify, cleanse”) +‎ -μός (Forms abstract nouns.) SUFFIX -ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension ("Forms abstract nouns") Rebracketing of the suffix -μός (-mós) appended to verbs in -ίζω (-ízō) / -ίζομαι (-ízomai), such as in λογισμός (logismós) (λογίζομαι (logízomai) + -μός From Proto-Indo-European *-mos or *-mós. *(ó)-mos m ("Creates action/result nouns from verb stems") Latin -mus (front vowel harmony variant -mys) forms nouns from verbs ‎tutkia (“to study, explore, investigate”) + ‎-mus → ‎tutkimus (“research, investigation”) ‎luottaa (“to trust”) + ‎-mus → ‎luottamus (“trust”) From Proto-Indo-European *-mos or *-mós. *(ó)-mos m Creates action/result nouns from verb stems. *(Ø)-mós m Creates action/result nouns from verb stems. ___________________________________ augur (plural augurs) Noun A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences. (Ancient Rome) An official who interpreted omens before the start of public events. augur (third-person singular simple present augurs, present participle auguring, simple past and past participle augured) Verb ("To foretell events; to exhibit signs of future events") ("To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue") ("to augur well or ill") Of uncertain origin. Two possibilities are: ``` From Old Latin *augus (“increase”) (genitive *augeris), which is related to augeō (“to increase”) From avis (“bird”) + garrire (“to talk”), as augurs were known to observe the behavior of birds. ``` Borrowed from Latin augur, of uncertain origin; akin to augurō (“interpret omens”). augurō (present infinitive augurāre, perfect active augurāvī, supine augurātum); first conjugation Verb I predict, foretell, forebode. (usually deponent) I conjecture, guess, surmise. (usually deponent) I perform the services of an augur, interpret omens, augur. From augur (“augur, soothsayer”) +‎ -ō. auguro Verb first-person singular present indicative of augurare. _______________________________________ inaugurō (present infinitive inaugurāre, perfect active inaugurāvī, supine inaugurātum); first conjugation Verb I divine, practice augury, take omens from the flight of birds. I consecrate, inaugurate, approve on the basis of omens. I install. From in- +‎ augurō (“prophesy, interpret omens”). _______________________________ inaugurare Verb (transitive) to inaugurate, christen, open, unveil, start, launch. (transitive) to use for the first time. From Latin inaugurō (“approve on the basis of omens”) ___________________________________ auspex m (genitive auspicis); third declension Noun an augur ("an officiating priest") From *avi-spex (“who examines (the flight of) the birds”). The first part of the word is the stem of avis (“bird”). The second part is related to specere, speciō (“to watch, observe”). See also haruspex. ________________________________________ ``` ᾱ̓ετός • (āetós) m (genitive ᾱ̓ετοῦ); second declension Noun eagle omen gable ``` From Proto-Hellenic *ayyetós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognates include Sanskrit वि (ví), Latin avis and Old Armenian հաւ (haw). Greek: αετός m (aetós, “eagle”) χαρταετός (chartaetós, “kite (toy)” ἁλιαίετος (ἁliaíetos, “osprey”) ________________________________ Omen From Latin ōmen (“foreboding, omen”). Something which portends or is perceived to portend a good or evil event or circumstance in the future; an augury or foreboding. prophetic significance Adjectives often applied to "omen": good, ill, bad, auspicious, evil, favorable, happy, lucky. Synonyms portent, sign, signal, token, forewarning, warning, danger sign, foreshadowing, prediction, forecast, prophecy, harbinger, augury, auspice, presage, straw in the wind, (hand)writing on the wall, indication, hint, foretoken.

Answer 302

ASSUME υποθέτω • (ypothéto) (simple past υπέθεσα) Verb ("suppose, guess") assume (v.) early 15c., "to arrogate, take upon oneself," from Latin assumere, adsumere "to take up, take to oneself, take besides, obtain in addition," from ad "to, toward, up to" (see ad-) + sumere "to take," from sub "under" (see sub-) + emere "to take," from PIE root *em- "to take, distribute." Meaning "to suppose, to take for granted without proof as the basis of argument" is first recorded 1590s; that of "to take or put on fictitiously" (an appearance, etc.) is from c. 1600. Related: Assumed; assuming. Early past participle was assumpt. In rhetorical usage, assume expresses what the assumer postulates, often as a confessed hypothesis; presume expresses what the presumer really believes. Middle English also had assumpten "to receive up into heaven" (especially of the Virgin Mary), from the Latin past participle. _______________________________________ presume (v.) late 14c., "to take upon oneself, to take liberty," also "to take for granted, presuppose," especially overconfidently, from Old French presumer (12c.) and directly from Latin praesumere "anticipate," in Late Latin, "assume," from prae "before" (see pre-) + sumere "to take, obtain, buy," from sus‑, variant of sub‑ "up from under" + emere "to take" from PIE root *em- "to take, distribute" "To presume is to base a tentative or provisional opinion on such knowledge as one has, to be held until it is modified or overthrown by further information" ________________________________ *em- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to take, distribute." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit yamati "holds, subdues;" Latin emere "buy," originally "take," sumere "to take, obtain, buy;" Old Church Slavonic imo "to take;" Lithuanian imu, imti "to take." It forms all or part of: assume; consume; emption; example; exemplar; exemplary; exemplify; exempt; exemption; impromptu; peremptory; pre-emption; premium; presume; presumption; prompt; pronto; ransom; redeem; redemption; resume; sample; sejm; subsume; sumptuary; sumptuous; vintage. _______________________________________ SYNONYM λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) ``` I take I take hold of, grasp, seize. I take by force, plunder. I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize. (of a god) I possess. (of darkness, etc.) I cover. I catch, overtake. I catch, discover, detect. I bind (under oath) I keep. I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand. (logic) I assume, take as granted. I undertake. I receive, get. I receive hospitably. I receive in marriage. I conceive. I admit. (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of. I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure. I check myself. ```

Answer 303

PLACE - POSITION τοποθετώ • (topothetó) (simple past τοποθέτησα, passive τοποθετούμαι) Verb ("I position") ________________________________ ``` τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι) Noun place, location, locality country native land home town space, room (occupied by something) soil, land (mathematics) locus (set of points) ``` αγριότοπος m (“wild country, wilderness”) τοποθεσία f (“position, place”) τοποθετώ ( “to position”) κοινός τόπος m ("commonplace”) ``` τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension Noun place, location topic; (rhetoric) commonplace position, office opportunity, possibility ``` ____________________________ ἄτοπος • (átopos) m or f (neuter ἄτοπον); second declension Adjective unusual, out of place. From ἀ- (not) +‎ τόπος (“in place”). ____________________________ ἀτοπία • (atopía) Noun ("extraordinariness, uncommonness") ____________________________ τοποθεσία • (topothesía) f (plural τοποθεσίες) Noun ("place, location, site, situation") ____________________________ αγριότοπος • (agriótopos) m (plural αγριότοποι) Noun ("wild country, wilderness, uncultivated tract") αγριό- (“wild”) +‎ τόπος (“country, place”) From Ancient Greek ἄγριος (“wild, fierce”) αγριο- • (agrio-) expressing: a wild, uncultivated form of its affix. ‎αγριο- + ‎κατσίκι (“goat”) → ‎αγριοκάτσικο (“wild goat”) ‎αγριο- (wild-) + ‎χόρτο (“plant”) → ‎αγριόχορτο (“weed”) expressing: wildness, roughness, unruliness, crudity ‎αγριο- (wild-) + ‎μιλώ (“to speak”) → ‎αγριομιλώ (“to speak harshly”) ἄγρῐος • (ágrios) m (feminine ἀγρίᾱ, neuter ἄγρῐον); first/second declension Adjective Living in the open fields (of plants or animals) wild (non-domesticated), (of people or animals) wild, savage, violent, fierce (of situations) cruel, harsh. From ἀγρός (“field, country”) +‎ -ιος (adjective suffix). ᾰ̓γρός • (agrós) m (genitive ᾰ̓γροῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun ("field, land, countryside") ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros. *h₂éǵros m (non-ablauting) No ("field, pasturage") Possibly connected with verbal root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”) whence also Latin agō (“to drive”) Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”). ``` ``` From Ancient Greek ἀγός • (agós) ἀγοῦ - genitive Noun (Epic, Lyric) leader. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)ǵ-ó-s (literally “driver”) compare Sanskrit अज (ajá, “leader”). ____________________________ ``` ``` ὄγμος • (ógmos) m (genitive ὄγμου); second declension Noun furrow in ploughing swathe in reaping strip of cultivated land (astronomy) orbit of the moon and sun. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”), thus cognate with ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अज्म (ájma, “course, passage”).

Answer 304

TAKE - SEIZE - GRASP ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) Verb I take I take hold of, grasp, seize. I take by force, plunder. I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize. (of a god) I possess. (of darkness, etc.) I cover. I catch, overtake. I catch, discover, detect. I bind (under oath) I keep. I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand. (logic) I assume, take as granted. I undertake. I receive, get. I receive hospitably. I receive in marriage. I conceive. I admit. (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of. I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure. I check myself. ``` ___________________________________ ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) Noun I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` From κατα- (kata-, “against”) +‎ λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”) Descendent s Greek: καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω ("to seize”) _________________________________ ``` λαμβάνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: lambanó Phonetic Spelling: (lam-ban'-o) Definition: to take, receive Usage: (a) I receive, get, (b) I take, lay hold of. HELPS Word-studies 2983 lambánō (from the primitive root, lab-, meaning "actively lay hold of to take or receive," see NAS dictionary) – properly, to lay hold by aggressively (actively) accepting what is available (offered). 2983 /lambánō ("accept with initiative") emphasizes the volition (assertiveness) of the receiver. ```

Answer 305

KEEP WATCH παρακολουθώ • (parakolouthó) (simple past παρακολούθησα, passive παρακολουθούμαι) watch, spectate surveille, keep watch on follow, trail

Answer 306

TO READ - TO LOOK AT AN INTERPRET διαβιβάζω ("to transmit, to pass on”) διαβάζω • (diavázo) (simple past διάβασα, passive διαβάζομαι) Verb (transitive, intransitive) read (look at and interpret letters or other information that is written) Μην τον ενοχλείς όταν διαβάζει. ― Min ton enochleís ótan diavázei. ― Don't bother him when he's reading. Στις διακοπές μου, διάβασα τρία μυθιστορήματα. ― Stis diakopés mou, diávasa tría mythistorímata. ― On my holidays, I read three novels. (intransitive) be able to read, be literate Ο παππούς δεν πήγε σχολείο και γι' αυτό δεν διαβάζει. ― O pappoús den píge scholeío kai gi' aftó den diavázei. ― Grandad didn't go to school and that's why he can't read. (intransitive) study (review materials already learned in order to make sure one does not forget them) Έχω πονοκέφαλο και δε θα διαβάσω απόψε. ― Écho ponokéfalo kai de tha diaváso apópse. ― I've a headache and won't be studying tonight. (transituve) coach, instruct (help to study) Η αδερφή μου με διαβάζει στη μουσική. ― I aderfí mou me diavázei sti mousikí. ― My sister is coaching me in music. (transitive, figuratively) read (be able to recognise or interpret) Διάβασα την αλήθεια στα μάτια της. ― Diávasa tin alítheia sta mátia tis. ― I read the truth in her eyes. διαβάζω τις σκέψεις κάποιου ― diavázo tis sképseis kápoiou ― to read someone's thoughts (transitive, Christianity) read (speak aloud words, especially during service) Ο παπάς διαβάζει τα Ευαγγέλια. ― O papás diavázei ta Evangélia. ― The priest reads the Gospels. (transitive, Christianity) bless, exorcize (to confer blessing upon or rid of demons) Ήρθε ο παπάς να διαβάσει τον άρρωστο. ― Írthe o papás na diavásei ton árrosto. ― The priest came to bless the sick person. διάβασμα n (diávasma, “reading”) διαβασμένος (diavasménos, “read, well-read”) διαβαστερός (diavasterós, “bookworm”) (study): μελετώ (meletó), μαθαίνω (mathaíno) (coach): βοηθώ (voïthó), διδάσκω (didásko) (read, ecclesiastical sense): απαγγέλλω (apangéllo) (bless): ευλογώ (evlogó) (exorcize): εξορκίζω (exorkízo) Related terms διαβιβάζω ("to transmit, to pass on”)

Answer 307

HELD TOGETHER UNDER STRESS DISTRESS - ANXIETY - TO BE TROUBLED Noun ``` Original Word: συνοχή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: sunoché Phonetic Spelling: (soon-okh-ay') Definition: a holding together, distress Usage: distress, anguish, anxiety. HELPS Word-studies 4928 synox (from 4912/synexō, see there) – properly, something held together in close ("hard") tension; (figuratively) tension from difficult circumstances that "won't move" which produces distress (anguish) – causing someone to feel "locked in" (tightly pressed; note the prefix, syn). ```

Answer 308

A BREATH A BLOW OF THE BREATH OF LIFE Noun ``` Original Word: πνοή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: pnoé Phonetic Spelling: (pno-ay') Definition: a blowing, wind, breath Usage: (a) breath, (b) gust, breeze, wind. ```

Answer 309

GOAL γκολ • (gkol) n (indeclinable) Noun (soccer) goal

Answer 310

TERMINUS ``` τέρμα • (térma) n (plural τέρματα) Noun conclusion, end, goal (athletics, etc) finishing line (soccer) goal (the physical entity and what is scored) ``` ``` From Proto-Indo-European *térmn̥. *térmn̥ n Noun ("boundary, end") Pokorny suggests *ter(h₂)- (“through”) +‎ *-mn̥; Watkins suggests *ter- (“boundary”) +‎ *-mn̥. ``` *terh₂- Root ("to cross over, pass through, overcome") *(é)-mn̥ n Suffix Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.

Answer 311

DEMONIC - SUPERSTITIOUS Adjective δεισιδαίμων • (deisidaímōn) Adjective superstitious (Koine) god-fearing: pious or superstitious. From δείδω (deídō) + δαίμων (daímōn). δείδω • (deídō) Verb (transitive) to fear, to dread From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”) ``` δεινός • (deinós) m (feminine δεινή, neuter δεινόν); first/second declension Noun terrible, horrible, fearful, astounding (neuter substantive) danger marvelous, mighty, powerful wondrous, strange able, skillful, clever shamefully timid, cowardly. ``` ``` Proper nouns Δείναρχος (Deínarkhos) Δεινοκράτης (Deinokrátēs) Δεινόλοχος (Deinólokhos) Δεινοσθένης (Deinosthénēs) Δεινόστρατος (Deinóstratos) ``` Δείναρχος δεινός (“terrible; mighty, powerful”) +‎ ἀρχός ("ruler”) ``` Δεινόλοχος δεινός (“terrible”) +‎ κρᾰ́τος (“strength”) +‎ -ης (-noun) λόχος • (lókhos) m (genitive λόχου); second declension Noun ambush The place of an ambush: ambuscade A body of men for ambush, armed band childbirth a file in the phalanx. O-grade verbal noun from λέχομαι (lékhomai, “I lie”). Cognate to Albanian lagje. λέχομαι • (lékhomai) Verb ("to lie down") ``` From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- *legʰ- Verb to lie (to be in resting position) Δεινοσθένης From δεινός +‎ σθένος +‎ -ης (-noun). Δεινόστρατος From δεινός (“terrible”) +‎ στρατός (“army”). ``` δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun ("fear, alarm, reason for fear") δέος • (déos) n (uncountable) Noun awe (a feeling of fear and reverence) ``` ``` dīrus (feminine dīra, neuter dīrum, comparative dīrior, superlative dīrissimus); first/second-declension adjective Adjective ("fearful") Senex dirissimus. ― A fearful old man. ominous (of character) dreadful, detestable (New Latin) Used as a specific epithet. ``` ᾰ̓δεής • (adeḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓δεές); third declension (Attic, Ionic, Epic) Adjective fearless, not experiencing fear. not causing fear. ᾰ̓δεῶς • (adeôs) (comparative ᾰ̓δεέστερον, no superlative) (Attic, Ionic) Adverb without fear, confidently. ᾰ̓δεής (“fearless”) +‎ -ως (adverbial suffix). -ως • (-ōs) Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs. δειλός • (deilós) m (feminine δειλή, neuter δειλόν); first/second declension Adjective ("cowardly") Antonym: ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos) δειλῐ́ᾱ • (deilíā) f (genitive δειλῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun (uncountable) cowardice Antonyms: ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ (andreíā), θρασύτης (thrasútēs) (uncountable) timidity. From δειλός (deilós, “craven”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun–forming suffix). ``` ANTONYM ἀνδρεῖος • (andreîos) m (feminine ἀνδρεία, neuter ανδρεῖον); first/second declension Adjective Of or pertaining to a man manly, masculine, strong Antonym: γυναικεῖος (gunaikeîos) brave, courageous Antonym: δειλός (deilós) stubborn From ἀνήρ (“man”) +‎ -ιος (adjective suffix). ``` δειλότης • (deilótēs) f (genitive δειλότητος); third declension Adjective (hapax legomenon) cowardice. -της • (-tēs) f (genitive -τητος); third declension (Attic) Suffix Forms nouns representing a state of being. -της (abstract noun)

Answer 312

EMOTION - SENTIMENT - FEELING συναίσθημα • (synaísthima) συναισθήματα • plural Noun ("emotion, feelings, sentiment") αισθαντικός (aisthantikós, “sensitive”) αισθαντικότητα f (aisthantikótita, “sensitivity, sentimentality”) αίσθημα n (aísthima, “feeling, sense”) αισθηματολογία f (aisthimatología, “sentimentalism”) αισθηματολόγος m (aisthimatológos, “sentimentalist”) αισθηματολογώ (aisthimatologó, “to sentimentalise”) ``` συναίσθημα • nominative singular συναισθήματα • nominative plural συναισθήματος • genitive singular συναισθημάτων • genitive plural συναίσθημα • accusative singular συναισθήματα • accusative plural συναίσθημα • vocative singular συναισθήματα • vocative plural ``` ``` nominative αισθησιακός • masculine singular αισθησιακή • feminine singular αισθησιακό • neuter singular αισθησιακοί • masculine plural αισθησιακές • feminine plural αισθησιακά • neuter plural ``` ``` genitive αισθησιακού • masculine singular αισθησιακής • feminine singular αισθησιακού • neuter singular αισθησιακών • masculine plural αισθησιακών • feminine plural αισθησιακών • neuter plural ``` ``` accusative αισθησιακό • masculine singular αισθησιακή • αισθησιακό • αισθησιακούς • masculine plural αισθησιακές • αισθησιακά • ``` _____________________________________ ``` αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) Noun sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` ________________________________________ αισθησιακός • (aisthisiakós) m (feminine αισθησιακή, neuter αισθησιακό) Adjective sensual, sensuous luscious ________________________________________ αισθησιασμός • (aisthisiasmós) m (plural αισθησιασμοί) Noun ("sensuality") ________________________________________ αισθητήρας • (aisthitíras) m (plural αισθητήρες) Noun ("sensor") ________________________________________ αισθητήριο • (aisthitírio) m (plural αισθητήρια) Noun intuition αισθητήριο όργανο n (sense organ) ________________________________________ αισθητήριος • (aisthitírios) m (feminine αισθητήρια, neuter αισθητήριο) Adjective ("sensory, sense") ________________________________________ αισθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) deponent (simple past αισθάνθηκα) Verb passive feel αισθάνομαι πόνο ― aisthánomai póno ― I feel pain Aισθάνομαι καλά, δεν είμαι άρρωστος. ― Aisthánomai kalá, den eímai árrostos. ― I feel well, I am not sick sense Aισθάνομαι ότι μου λες αλήθεια. ― Aisthánomai óti mou les alítheia. ― I understand that you are telling me the truth. ________________________________________ αισθαντικός • (aisthantikós) m (feminine αισθαντική, neuter αισθαντικό) Adjective sensitive ________________________________________ αισθαντικότητα • (aisthantikótita) f (uncountable) Noun ("sensitivity, sentimentality") αισθαντικός (“sensual, sensitive”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). First attested 1799. ________________________________________ SUFFIX -ότητα • (-ótita) f Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion: ‎αυστηρός (afstirós, “strict”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎αυστηρότητα (afstirótita, “strictness”) ‎βέβαιος (vévaios, “sure, certain”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎βεβαιότητα (vevaiótita, “certainty”) ‎εθνικός (ethnikós, “national”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎εθνικότητα (ethnikótita, “nationality”) ‎εχθρός (echthrós, “enemy”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎εχθρότητα (echthrótita, “hostility”) ‎πιθανός (pithanós, “possible”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎πιθανότητα (pithanótita, “possibility”) ‎ποιος (poios, “who”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎ποιότητα (poiótita, “quality”) ‎πόσος (pósos, “how much”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎ποσότητα (posótita, “quantity”) ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Answer 313

PROBABLE - LIKELY - POSSIBLE Adjective πιθανός • (pithanós) m (feminine πιθανή, neuter πιθανό) Adjective ("probable, likely") ``` πῐθᾰνός • (pithanós) m (feminine πῐθᾰνή, neuter πῐθᾰνόν); first/second declension Adjective persuasive, influential, winning plausible, credible (art) true to nature, natural easy to persuade, credulous obedient, docile. ``` From the root of πείθω (“I persuade”) +‎ -νος (adjective suffix). πείθω • (peíthō) (active) I convince, persuade. I succeed through entreaty. I mislead. I bribe. I tempt. (in the mediopassive, πείθομαι, and Epic future, πῐθήσω, with dative) I obey, yield to. I believe, trust in. (second perfect active, πέποιθᾰ, with passive sense) I trust, rely on (with dative of person or thing) (perfect passive, πέπεισμαι, post-Epic) I believe, trust (with dative) ___________________________________ ἀπειθέω • (apeithéō) Verb to disobey ἀ- (a-, “un-”) +‎ πειθ- (peith-, “obey”) +‎ -έω (-éō) ___________________________________ πίστη • (písti) f (plural πίστεις) Noun faith, creed, belief ___________________________________ πιστεύω (pistévo, “to believe”) πιστός (pistós, “faithful”) and see: αλλαξοπιστώ (allaxopistó, “to change faith" ___________________________________ πιστεύω • (pistévo) (simple past πίστεψα, passive πιστεύομαι) Verb believe believe in, I am a believer think, assume (passive 3rd person: impersonal) → πιστεύεται (pistévetai, “it is believed”) ``` πιστεύω • (pistévo) n (indeclinable) Noun the convictions, beliefs (religion) → Πιστεύω (Pistévo, “credo”) ___________________________________ ``` θεωρώ (theoró, “consider, scrutinise”) νομίζω (nomízo, “think, assume, believe that”) ___________________________________ εμπιστεύομαι • (empistévomai) deponent (simple past εμπιστεύτηκα, εμπιστεύθηκα) Verb (transitive) trust, entrust someone (transitive) confide something. From Ancient Greek ἐμπιστεύομαι (empisteúomai), from ἐν (en, “in”) + πιστεύω (pisteúō, “believe”). εμπιστοσύνη f (empistosýni, “trust, confidence”) εμπιστοσύνη • (empistosýni) f (uncountable) Noun (singular only) trust; confidence ___________________________________

Answer 314

INTENT Verb Wish, Choice, Intent, Volition, Desire, Want, Original Word: προσέχω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: prosechó Phonetic Spelling: (pros-ekh'-o) Definition: to hold to, turn to, attend to Usage: (a) I attend to, pay attention to, (b) I beware, am cautious, (c) I join, devote myself to. HELPS Word-studies 4337 proséxō (from 4314 /prós, "towards" and 2192 /éxō, "have") – properly, have towards, i.e. to give full attention; to set a course and keep to it. __________________________________ INTEND intend (v.) c. 1300, entenden, "direct one's attention to, pay attention, give heed," from Old French entendre, intendre "to direct one's attention" (in Modern French principally "to hear"), from Latin intendere "turn one's attention, strain (in quest of something), be zealous," literally "stretch out, extend," from in- "toward" From PIE root *en "in") + tendere "to stretch," From PIE root *ten- "to stretch." Sense of "have as a plan, have in mind or purpose" (late 14c.) was present in Latin. A Germanic word for this was ettle, from Old Norse ætla "to think, conjecture, propose," from Proto-Germanic *ahta "consideration, attention" (source also of Old English eaht, German acht). _________________________________ STRETCH A STRING *ten- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to stretch," with derivatives meaning "something stretched, a string; thin." Tender, Tenant, Tenancy, Tentacle, Detention, Abstention, Attention, Attenuate, Tendency, Tenable, Intention, Intend. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit tantram "loom," tanoti "stretches, lasts," tanuh "thin," literally "stretched out;" Persian tar "string;" Lithuanian tankus "compact," i.e. "tightened;" Greek teinein "to stretch," tasis "a stretching, tension," tenos "sinew," tetanos "stiff, rigid," tonos "string," hence "sound, pitch;" Latin tenere "to hold, grasp, keep, have possession, maintain," tendere "to stretch," tenuis "thin, rare, fine;" Old Church Slavonic tento "cord;" Old English þynne "thin." νέω • (néō) Verb I spin. I weave a thread. From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- *(s)neh₁- ("to spin (thread), to sew") ____________________________________ WILL will (v.1) Old English *willan, wyllan "to wish, desire; be willing; be used to; be about to" (past tense wolde), from Proto-Germanic *willjan (source also of Old Saxon willian, Old Norse vilja, Old Frisian willa, Dutch willen, Old High German wellan, German wollen, Gothic wiljan "to will, wish, desire," Gothic waljan "to choose"). The Germanic words are from PIE root *wel- (2) "to wish, will" (source also of Sanskrit vrnoti "chooses, prefers," varyah "to be chosen, eligible, excellent," varanam "choosing;" Avestan verenav- "to wish, will, choose;" Greek elpis "hope;" Latin volo, velle "to wish, will, desire;" Old Church Slavonic voljo, voliti "to will," veljo, veleti "to command;" Lithuanian velyti "to wish, favor," pa-velmi "I will," viliuos "I hope;" Welsh gwell "better"). Compare also Old English wel "well," literally "according to one's wish;" wela "well-being, riches." The use as a future auxiliary was already developing in Old English. The implication of intention or volition distinguishes it from shall, which expresses or implies obligation or necessity. Contracted forms, especially after pronouns, began to appear 16c., as in sheele for "she will." In early use often -ile to preserve pronunciation. The form with an apostrophe ('ll) is from 17c. will (n.) Old English will, willa "mind, determination, purpose; desire, wish, request; joy, delight," from Proto-Germanic *wiljon- (source also of Old Saxon willio, Old Norse vili, Old Frisian willa, Dutch wil, Old High German willio, German Wille, Gothic wilja "will"), related to *willan "to wish" (see will (v.1)). The meaning "written document expressing a person's wishes about disposition of property after death" is first recorded late 14c. will (v.2) Old English willian "to determine by act of choice," from will (n.). From mid-15c. as "dispose of by will or testament." Often difficult to distinguish from will (v.1). ________________________________ VOLITION volition (n.) 1610s, from French volition (16c.), From Medieval Latin volitionem (nominative volitio) "will, volition," noun of action... From Latin stem (as in volo "I wish") of velle "to wish," Fro PIE root *wel- (2) "to wish, will" ____________________________________ WISH wish (v.) Old English wyscan "to wish, cherish a desire," from Proto-Germanic *wunsk- (source also of Old Norse œskja, Danish ønske, Swedish önska, Middle Dutch wonscen, Dutch wensen, Old High German wunsken, German wunschen "to wish"), From PIE root *wen- (1) "to desire, strive for." Related: Wished; wishing. Wishing well as an enchanted water hole attested by 1819. *wen- (1) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to desire, strive for." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit veti "follows after," vanas- "desire," vanati "desires, loves, wins;" Avestan vanaiti "he wishes, is victorious;" Latin venerari "to worship," venus "love, sexual desire; loveliness, beauty;" Old English wynn "joy," wunian "to dwell," wenian "to accustom, train, wean," wyscan "to wish." Venerate, Venus, Venerable, Win, Venom, Venial. Venus late Old English, from Latin Venus (plural veneres), in ancient Roman mythology, the goddess of beauty and love, especially sensual love, from venus "love, sexual desire; loveliness, beauty, charm; a beloved object," from PIE root *wen- (1) "to desire, strive for." _____________________________________ CONSIDER consider (v.) late 14c., "to fix the mind upon for careful examination, meditate upon," also "view attentively, scrutinize; not to be negligent of," from Old French considerer (13c.) "reflect on, consider, study," from Latin considerare "to look at closely, observe," probably literally "to observe the stars," from assimilated form of com "with, together" (see con-) + sidus (genitive sideris) "heavenly body, star, constellation" (see sidereal). Perhaps a metaphor from navigation, but more likely reflecting Roman obsession with divination by astrology. Tucker doubts the connection with sidus, however, because it is "quite inapplicable to desiderare," and suggests derivation instead from the PIE root of English side meaning "stretch, extend," and a sense for the full word of "survey on all sides" or "dwell long upon." sidereal (adj.) also siderial, 1630s, "star-like;" 1640s, "of or pertaining to the stars," earlier sideral (1590s), from French sidereal (16c.), from Latin sidereus "starry, astral, of the constellations," from sidus (genitive sideris) "star, group of stars, constellation," which is of uncertain origin, perhaps From PIE root *sweid- "to shine" (source also of Lithuanian svidus "shining, bright"). Sidereal time is measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the fixed stars. The sidereal day begins and ends with the passage of the vernal equinox over the meridian and is about four minutes shorter than the solar day, measured by the passage of the sun over the meridian. ______________________________________ ``` αφωσιωμένος Adherent, intent, devotee Sticky, συγκολλητικός adjective synkollitikós adhesive, agglutinant, agglutinative. ``` προσκολλητώς adjective uncommon ("clingy") ____________________________________

Answer 315

WISH - PRAYER - BLESSING εύχομαι • (éfchomai) deponent (simple past ευχήθηκα) Verb I wish Σου εύχομαι χρόνια πολλά για τα γενέθλιά σου. To you I wish years many for birthday yours. I wish you 'many years' for your birthday.

Answer 316

DON'T TRUST HIM εμπιστεύομαι • (empistévomai) deponent (simple past εμπιστεύτηκα, εμπιστεύθηκα) Verb (transitive) trust, entrust someone. (transitive) confide something. From Ancient Greek ἐμπιστεύομαι (empisteúomai) From ἐν ("in”) + πιστεύω ("believe”). From πίστις (“faith”) πιστ- + -εύω (“suffix for verbs”) εμπιστοσύνη f (empistosýni, “trust, confidence”) εμπιστοσύνη • (empistosýni) f (uncountable) Noun (singular only) trust; confidence

Answer 317

AWARE - COGNIZANT

Answer 318

AWARENESS επίγνωση awareness noun ``` γνώση ενημερότητα ενημερότης ("insight") noun ``` διορατικότητα, ενόραση, οξυδέρκεια consciousness noun 2% of use συνείδηση, συναίσθηση, αίσθηση

Answer 319

UNCONSCIOUS - UNWITTING adjective χωρίς επίγνωση ("unconscious, unwitting")

Answer 320

RECONNAISSANCE αναγνώριση noun reconnaissance, acknowledgment, establishment

Answer 321

CONSCIOUSNESS - CONSCIENCE noun συνείδηση ("consciousness, conscience")

Answer 322

INTELLIGENCE Νοημοσύνη noi̱mosýni̱ νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f (plural νοημοσύνες) Noun intelligence νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n (genitive νοήμᾰτος); third declension perception thought, purpose, design understanding, mind From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) +‎ -μᾰ. νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό) Adjective (formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind) Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι' αυτήν. ― It's inconceivable for you to risk your life for her. (formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind) ο νοητός άξονας της Γης ― the Earth's imaginary axis from Ancient Greek νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think out”). νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean From νόος (“mind”) +‎ -έω (denominative verbal suffix). δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) Verb to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] to think about, consider δῐᾰνοέω • (dianoéō) Verb Koine form of διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) ``` μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō) to perceive afterwards or too late to change one's mind or purpose to repent From μετᾰ- (suffix indicating change) +‎ νοέω (“perceive by the eyes, observe”). ``` μετᾰ́νοιᾰ • (metánoia) f (genitive μετᾰνοίᾱς); first declension Noun afterthought, repentance From μετανοέω (“to perceive afterwards, repent”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun). νοητῐκός • (noētikós) m (feminine νοητῐκή, neuter νοητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective (“intellectual”) From νοητός (“conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) +‎ -τῐκός (“verbal adjective suffix”). αἰσθητῐκός • (aisthētikós) m (feminine αἰσθητῐκή, neuter αἰσθητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or for perception of the senses; sensitive, perceptive (of things) perceptible From αἴσθησῐς (“perception, sensation”) +‎ -ῐκός (-adjective). εὐαισθητῐκός (euaisthētikós) σῠναισθητῐκός (sunaisthētikós) ENGLISH noetic (comparative more noetic, superlative most noetic) Adjective Of or pertaining to the mind or intellect. Originating in or apprehended by reason. noetic (plural noetics) Noun The science of the intellect. A purely intellectual entity. Borrowed from Ancient Greek νοητικός (noētikós), ultimately from νοέω (noéō, “I see, understand”) νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter from νέω (“I spin”), here meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”. νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension (Attic) contracted form of νόος (nóos)

Answer 323

KNOWLEDGE - WHAT IS LEARNED noun γνώση knowledge, cognition, awareness, learning, cognizance. The object of learning.

Answer 324

ENLIGHTENMENT noun διαφώτιση ("enlightenment")

Answer 325

UNDERSTANDING noun κατανόηση ("understanding, comprehension")

Answer 326

DOWNLOAD - RECEPTION - RECEIVING λήψη Download knowledge into ones mind.

Answer 327

PERCEPTION Noun αντίληψη • (antílipsi) f (plural αντιλήψεις) ("perception, understanding, realization")

Answer 328

CONCEPTION - RECEPTION noun σύλληψη From σῠν- (“with”) +‎ λήψη ("reception, download") ``` σύλληψη • (sýllipsi) f (plural συλλήψεις) Noun arrest, capture (the act or instance) conception (formation of a concept) conception (fertilisation of an egg) ``` From Ancient Greek σύλληψις (súllēpsis, “grasping, comprehension”), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “bring together, gather, collect”). ένταλμα σύλληψης n (éntalma sýllipsis, “arrest warrant”) ένταλμα συλλήψεως n (éntalma syllípseos, “arrest warrant”) _____________________________________ ``` σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (sullambánō) Verb I collect, gather; I rally. I take with me, carry off. I put together, close, enclose. I combine in pronunciation. I comprise. I take hold of, seize. I apprehend, arrest. I comprehend. I receive at the same time. I conceive a child. I take with (e.g. as an assistant) (with dative of person) I assist. (middle, with genitive of object) I take part in. ``` From σῠν- (“with”) +‎ λᾰμβᾰ́νω ("I take”)

Answer 329

NOTION - PATTERN Noun ``` ιδέα • (idéa) f (plural ιδέες) Noun idea (model in the mind or intellect) idea (invention) opinion (judgement) impression (impression of character) ``` From Ancient Greek ἰδέα (“notion, pattern”) from εἴδω (“I see”). ``` ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension Noun look, appearance, form type, sort, class style. ``` Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *widéhā, from Proto-Indo-European *widéseh₂, feminine derivation from *wéydos (whence εἶδος (eîdos)) ``` from *weyd- (“to see”) From the PIE root *weyd- *wóyde (stative) ("to have seen, to know") *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative) *widónts (“seeing”) *wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”) ``` From Ancient Greek: οἶδα (“to know”) From Latin: vīdī (“have seen”) _______________________________________ οἶδᾰ • (oîda) Verb (transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something] (with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one's heart (transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something] (transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something] (intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something] to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) (negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don't know if or whether, I doubt that (parenthetic) (a superlative is often followed by the phrase "ὧν ἴσμεν") Compare εἶδον (eîdon, “to see”) and εἴδομαι (eídomai, “to seem”) _________________________________ ``` εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) Verb to be seen, appear. (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do. (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like. (intransitive) to be like, to look like. ``` _________________________________ εἶδον • (eîdon) to see, behold, perceive. (strengthened) to look at, observe. to see a person, to meet, speak with them. to see, experience, become acquainted with. to look at or towards. to see mentally, to perceive. to examine, investigate. Greek: είδα (perfective forms of βλέπω) All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι (ópsomai). ---------------------------------- ὁράω ``` from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”), ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”) Latin vereor (“fear”) English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”). ``` ὁράω • (horáō) Verb (intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone] (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind (copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb] Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold δεινὸς ἰδεῖν deinòs ideîn horrible to look at (transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something] (transitive) To find out [+indirect question] ὅρᾱ εἰ ... hórā ei ... see if/whether ... (transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that ...] (intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; horâis? horâte? Do you see? (transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone] Along with a few others (λαβέ (labé), ἐλθέ (elthé), εὑρέ (heuré), εἰπέ (eipé)), the aorist imperative has an irregular accent: ἰδέ (idé) alongside ἴδε (íde). This is not the case in compounds, however. ____________________________________ εἶδος (eîdos, “form”) ἰδέα (idéa, “form”) ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”) ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”) _____________________________________ ὄψομαι • (ópsomai) Verb first-person singular future indicative middle of ὁράω (horáō) _____________________________________ Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)). _____________________________________ ``` εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension Noun ("That which is seen: form, image, shape") ("appearance, look, beauty, comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ```

Answer 330

SCIENCE - TO CUT - ANALYZE - DISCERN Participle sciēns (genitive scientis, comparative scientior, superlative scientissimus, adverb scienter); third-declension one-termination participle Participle knowing, understanding conscious, aware knowledgeable, skilled (figuratively, of a woman) having sexual relations with a man. from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, to dissect”). *skey- ("to split, to dissect") From *sek- (“to cut”). sög f (genitive singular sagar, nominative plural sagir) Icelandic Verb saw (tool) *sek- Root ("to cut, cut off, sever") ``` Latin - secō (present infinitive secāre, perfect active secuī, supine sectum); first conjugation Verb I cut, cut off. I cleave, divide. (medicine) I operate, amputate, perform surgery. I castrate. (by extension) I wound, injure. (figuratively) I hurt with my words. ``` Old English saga (English saw). ________________________________ scīscō (present infinitive scīscere, perfect active scīvī, supine scītum); third conjugation Verb (transitive) I seek to know; ask, search, inquire, question. (transitive) I accept, approve, assent to, vote for; appoint, enact, decree, ordain. (transitive) I learn, ascertain, know. From sciō (“know”) +‎ -scō. Present active participle of sciō (“I can, know, understand”). SUFFIX -scō (present infinitive -scere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stem Verb suffix. Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)". from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti *(Ø)-sḱéti Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots.

Answer 331

INTELLIGENCE From inter- (“between”) +‎ legō (“choose; read”). intellegentia f (genitive intellegentiae); first declension Noun intelligence, the power of discernment understanding, knowledge taste, skill, the capacity to be a connoisseur. intellegēns (“understanding, discerning”) +‎ -ia (abstract noun suffix). intellegēns (genitive intellegentis); third-declension one-termination participle Participle understanding, realising. perceiving, discerning. Present active participle of intellegō (“I understand; perceive”) intellegō (present infinitive intellegere, perfect active intellēxī, supine intellēctum); third conjugation Verb I understand, comprehend, realize, come to know. I perceive, discern, see, observe, recognise; feel, notice. From inter- (“between”) +‎ legō (“choose; read”). inter (+ accusative) Preposition between, among. during, while. legō (present infinitive legere, perfect active lēgī, supine lēctum); third conjugation Verb I choose, select, appoint. I collect, gather, bring together I read Lingua Graeca est; potest nōn legī. ― It's Greek, it cannot be read. (Medieval Latin) I teach, profess from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Cognates include Sanskrit अन्तर् (antár, “between, within, into”), Oscan 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌄𐌓 (anter, “between”), Old Irish eter (“between”), Albanian ndër (“between, among, amid, throughout”), Old High German untar (“between”) and German unter (“among”). PIE adverb *h₁entér gave rise to the adjective *h₁énteros (“inner, what is inside”), whence also interior (“interior”) and intrā (“inside, within”). From Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-. Root *leǵ- (imperfective) to gather, collect, with derivatives meaning to speak. ``` From Ancient Greek: λέγω λέγω • (légō) Verb I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` ᾰπολέγω • (apolégō) Verb to pick out from, to choose (later sense) decline, refuse. From ἀπό- (apó-, “from”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”) (λέγω, sense: 'choose'). ἐκλέγω • (eklégō) Verb to pick or single out, to choose. (in middle voice) to pull out one's gray hairs. to levy taxes or tribute. From ἐκ- (ek-, “out”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose”) κᾰτᾰλέγω • (katalégō) Verb to pick out, to choose out of, to levy/enlist/enrol to tell or count up, to recount, to reckon up (i.e. to go over in detail, e.g. a pedigree) repeat lay down. From κᾰτᾰ- (kata-, “denoting motion downwards”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). Ancient Greek: λόγος (lógos) λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension Noun That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance. That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning. An account, explanation, or narrative. Subject matter. (Christianity) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament. καταλογάδην • (katalogádēn) Adverb in conversation or prose in detail, longwindedly. From o-grade of the root of καταλέγω (katalégō, “to tell in detail”) +‎ -δην (-dēn, deverbal adverb suffix). SUFFIX -δην • (-dēn) Added to verbal nouns or the roots of verbs to form a deverbal adverb.

Answer 332

CATALOGUE Noun κᾰτᾰ́λογος • (katálogos) m (genitive κᾰτᾰλόγου); second declension Noun enrolment register, catalogue. From κατάλεγω (katálegō) +‎ -ος (-noun). -ος • (-os) m (genitive -ου); second declension Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun. -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Noun Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Added to the zero-grade. ‎ἔπᾰθον (épathon, “I experienced”, aorist) + ‎-ος (-os) → ‎πᾰ́θος (páthos, “experience, emotion”) Added to the e-grade. ‎μείρομαι (meíromai, “to receive as one's portion”) + ‎-ος (-os) → ‎μέρος (méros, “part”) -ος • (-os) Nominative singular of masculine and feminine second-declension nouns ἄνθρωπος m or f (ánthrōpos, “person”) Masculine nominative singular of first- and second-declension adjectives ἄλλος m (állos, “other”) Masculine and feminine nominative singular of second-declension adjectives ἄδικος m or f (ádikos, “unjust”) Nominative, accusative, and vocative singular of some neuter third-declension nouns γένος n (génos, “kind”) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension nouns ὀνόματος n (onómatos, “of a name”) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension masculine or neuter adjectives παντός m or n (pantós, “of the whole of”) -ος • (-os) An ending found in nouns In nominative singular form of many masculine nouns eg: δρόμ-ος, καλόγερ-ος, etc In nominative singular form of few feminine nouns eg: μήφ-ος, διάμετρ-ος, etc In nominative, accusative and vocative singular forms of few neuter nouns eg: δάσ-ος, έδαφ-ος, etc An ending found in majority of adjectives

Answer 333

WHITE FLAME - SPLENDOR φᾰλός • (phalós) m (feminine φᾰλή, neuter φᾰλόν); first/second declension Adjective (hapax legomenon) ("white") (archaic) Characterized by freedom from that which disturbs, and the like; fortunate; happy; favourable. Pertaining to an ecclesiastical order whose adherents dress in white habits; Cistercian. Honourable, fair; decent. From Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz _______________________________________ FLAME flamma f (genitive flammae); first declension Noun flame, fire Urbi ferrō flammāque minitatus est. He threatened the city with fire and sword. Proto-Italic *flagmā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥g- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Compare flagrō (“to blaze”) from the same root. _______________________________________ ENGLISH splendor (usually uncountable, plural splendors) (American spelling) Noun Great light, luster or brilliance. Magnificent appearance, display or grandeur. The splendor of the Queen's coronation was without comparison. Great fame or glory. From Anglo-Norman splendur, splendour, or directly from its source Latin splendor, from the verb splendere (“to shine”). _______________________________________ LATIN splendeō (present infinitive splendēre, perfect active splenduī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem Verb I shine, glitter, gleam, glisten; I am bright. (figuratively) I am bright, distinguished or illustrious. splendere Verb (intransitive) to shine flāvus (feminine flāva, neuter flāvum, comparative flāvior, superlative flāvissimus); first/second-declension adjective Noun yellow, golden blond, flaxen From Proto-Italic *flāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥h₁wós, from *bʰel- (“light, bright”) (whence Russian белый (belyj), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga), English blue) + *-wós (whence Latin -vus). From Proto-Italic *flāwos ("Yellow") _____________________________________ ``` YELLOW Latin helvus (“dull yellow”) ``` from *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”) compare Irish geal (“white, bright”) Lithuanian žalias (“green”) Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”) Persian زر‎ (zar, “yellow”) Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”) From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from Old English ġeolu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wos Welsh gwelw (“pale”) ``` OLD ENGLISH ġeolu adjective yellow Him bēoþ þā ēagan ġeolwe. His eyes will be yellow. ``` From Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“shine, glisten”). *ǵʰelh₃- to flourish green, yellow. GREEK χλωρός • (khlōrós) m (feminine χλωρᾱ́, neuter χλωρόν); first/second declension Adjective The part of the spectrum from bright green to yellow: the color of new growth on plants or honey pale fresh, verdant, unripe youthful. From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. Related to χλοερός (khloerós, “verdant”) and χλόη (khlóē, “the green of new growth”). _______________________________________ OLD IRISH - (“splendid”) ``` sluindid Verb to signify to mention to tell, to state, to declare. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *spln̥d-eh₁- (“to be manifest”). Cognate with Latin splendeō (“to shine”). From Proto-Indo-European *spln̥d-eh₁- (“to be manifest”). Cognate with Old Irish sluindid (“to express, declare”) and also Old Cornish spla(d)n (“shining, splendid”). _____________________________________ OLD ENGLISH ``` bæl bǣl n (nominative plural bǣl) Noun funeral pyre, bonfire. fire, flame, blaze. ``` From Proto-Germanic *bēlą from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-. Cognate with Old Norse bál (whence Icelandic bál (“a fire; a conflagration”), Danish bål (“fire, bonfire, pyre”), Norwegian bål and Swedish bål (“pyre, bonfire”)). Further Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour” Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”) and Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”). ___________________________________ SANSKRIT भाल • (bhāla) n Noun the forehead, brow splendour, lustre. From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“light, bright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”), Latin flavus (“yellow”), Russian бе́лый (bélyj), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”), Old English bǣl (whence English bald). Related to भर्ग (bhárga).

Answer 334

NOTION Verb nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation Verb I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge. gnōscō (present infinitive gnōscere, perfect active gnōvī, supine gnōtum); third conjugation Verb Alternative form of nōscō gnōscēre Verb second-person singular future passive indicative of gnōscō gnōvī Verb first-person singular perfect active indicative of gnōscō gnōtum Verb accusative supine of gnōscō Photo-Italic *gnōskō Verb know, get to know. From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti (imperfective) Verb ("to recognise") *ǵneh₃- (perfective) Root ("to know") *(Ø)-sḱéti Verb Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots. ``` nosco (poetic, archaic) Pronoun with us. (by extension) among us (by extension) towards or against us (by extension) in our time. ``` From Late Latin noscum, from Latin nōbiscum (“with us”). nōscēre second-person singular future passive indicative of nōscō __________________________________ γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō) I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn. I know, understand I distinguish, discern. (with genitive) I am aware of something. (followed by relative clauses) I perceive that... (in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think. (passive, of persons) I am judged guilty. (perfect passive with active sense) I know carnally, have sex with. ``` γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f ( γνώμης • genitive Noun means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision γνώμη • (gnómi) f (plural γνώμες) Noun opinion, perception (subjective thought) ``` Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎿𐏃𐎡𐎹 (xšnāsāhiy, “you shall know”)

Answer 335

IMAGINARY Adjective ``` φανταστικός • (fantastikós) m (feminine φανταστική, neuter φανταστικό) Adjective imaginary, fantastic fictional, fictionary unreal (mathematics) imaginary, not real ```

Answer 336

REAL - FACTUAL Adjective πραγματικός • (pragmatikós) m (feminine πραγματική, neuter πραγματικό) real, factual, actual (having physical existence), (having existence or substance) πράγμα n (prágma, “thing, entity”)

Answer 337

FAKE - SHAM - DISHONEST Adjective ψευδής • (psevdís) m (feminine ψευδής, neuter ψευδές) Adjective false; sham; insincere; wearing masks. From the root of ψεύδω (pseúdō, “to lie”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). ψευδής • (pseudḗs) m or f (neuter ψευδές); third declension Adjective lying, false, untrue deceived, beguiled. φιλοψευδής (philopseudḗs) ψευδάδελφος (pseudádelphos) ψευδαπόστολος (pseudapóstolos) ``` ψεύδω • (pseúdō) Verb (active) to lie, deceive (middle, indirect reflexive) to lie for one's own benefit, cheat by lies (passive) to be lied to, be cheated (non-agentive) to be mistaken, be wrong ```

Answer 338

TRUE - HONEST ᾰ̓ληθής • (alēthḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓ληθές); third declension (of things) true, real, genuine (of people) truthful, honest. (neuter accusative plural, ἀληθῆ, in answer to a question) that's right. From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ λήθω (lḗthō, “hide, forget”), variant of λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to do secretly”), +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix): literally, "unconcealed" or "not forgotten". ``` ἀλήθεια • (alḗtheia) f (genitive ἀληθείας); first declension Noun not a lie truth (Septuagint, plural form?) the Thummim ``` From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”) +‎ -ιᾰ (-ia, abstract noun suffix), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) and λήθω (lḗthō, “I escape notice, I am hidden”) ἀληθείη • (alētheíē) f (genitive ἀληθείης); first declension Noun Epic and Ionic form of ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia) ᾰ̓ληθῶς • (alēthôs) Adverb truly, verily (adverb of ἀληθής (alēthḗs)) Adverb from ἀληθής (“true”) +‎ -ως (-adverbs). ______________________________ SUFFIX -ης • (-ēs) m or f (neuter -ες); third declension Forms third-declension adjectives with stems in -εσ- (-es-); very common in compounds. ἀ- (a-) + ληθ- (lēth-) + -ης (-ēs) → ᾰ̓ληθής (alēthḗs) -ης • (-ēs) m (genitive -ους or -εος) forms third declension Proper nouns Forms third-declension proper nouns. ‎κρᾰ́τος (krátos, “state”) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎Κρᾰ́της (Krátēs, “Crates”)

Answer 339

CONSCIOUS Adjective

Answer 340

YOU HAD KNOWN ᾔδεις • (ḗideis) second-person singular pluperfect active indicative of οἶδᾰ (oîda) John 4:10 N-AFS GRK: ᾔδεις τὴν δωρεὰν τοῦ θεοῦ INT: you had known the gift of God

Answer 341

MIND BORN OF (Flesh or Heaven) ``` Flesh = Nihilism Heaven = Transcendent Source ``` MIND DESCENDED FROM THE BEGINNING PATRA-LINEAR DESCENT ``` Original Word: γεννάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: gennaó Phonetic Spelling: (ghen-nah'-o) Definition: to beget, to bring forth Usage: I beget (of the male), (of the female) I bring forth, give birth to. HELPS Word-studies 1080 gennáō – properly, beget (procreate a descendant), produce offspring; (passive) be born, "begotten." ``` _____________________________________ ``` Original Word: γένος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: genos Phonetic Spelling: (ghen'-os) Definition: family, offspring Usage: offspring, family, race, nation, kind. ``` ``` Acts 7:13 N-NNS GRK: Φαραὼ τὸ γένος τοῦ Ἰωσήφ NAS: and Joseph's family was disclosed KJV: and Joseph's kindred was made known INT: to Pharoah the family of Joseph ``` γένος Acts 7:19 N-ANS GRK: κατασοφισάμενος τὸ γένος ἡμῶν ἐκάκωσεν NAS: It was he who took shrewd advantage of our race and mistreated KJV: with our kindred, and evil entreated INT: having dealt treacherously with the race of us ill-treated _____________________________________ Original Word: γίνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ginomai Phonetic Spelling: (ghin'-om-ahee) Definition: to come into being, to happen, to become Usage: I come into being, am born, become, come about, happen. 1096 gínomai – properly, to emerge, become, transitioning from one point (realm, condition) to another. 1096 (gínomai) fundamentally means "become" (becoming, became) so it is not an exact equivalent to the ordinary equative verb "to be" (is, was, will be) as with 1510 /eimí (1511 /eínai, 2258 /ēn). 1096 (ginomai) means "to become, and signifies a change of condition, state or place" (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 109). M. Vincent, "1096 (gínomai) means to come into being/manifestation implying motion, movement, or growth" (at 2 Pet 1:4). Thus it is used for God's actions as emerging from eternity and becoming (showing themselves) in time (physical space). _____________________________________ γέγονεν Matthew 1:22 V-RIA-3S Took place, was done, came to pass. _____________________________________ ``` γένους Acts 4:6 N-GNS GRK: ἦσαν ἐκ γένους ἀρχιερατικοῦ NAS: were of high-priestly descent. KJV: of the kindred of the high priest, INT: were of descent high priestly. ``` ``` Acts 13:26 N-GNS GRK: ἀδελφοί υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραὰμ καὶ NAS: of Abraham's family, and those KJV: children of the stock of Abraham, INT: brothers sons of [the] race of Abraham and ``` _____________________________________ Acts 4:36 N-DNS GRK: Κύπριος τῷ γένει NAS: of Cyprian birth, who was also called KJV: a Levite, [and] of the country of Cyprus, INT: a Cypriot at the birth _____________________________________ γένη 1 Corinthians 12:10 N-NNP GRK: πνευμάτων ἑτέρῳ γένη γλωσσῶν ἄλλῳ NAS: to another [various] kinds of tongues, KJV: to another [divers] kinds of tongues; INT: of spirits and to a different one kinds of tongues to another _____________________________________ γεννηθῇ be born V-ASP-3S _____________________________________ γεννηθῆναι to be born V-ANP ``` John 3:4 V-ANP GRK: δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν NAS: a man be born when he is old? KJV: can a man be born when he is old? INT: can a man be born old being _____________________________________ ``` ``` γεγεννημένον (gegennēmenon) — 4 Occurrences John 3:6 V-RPM/P-NNS GRK: τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς NAS: That which is born of the flesh KJV: That which is born of the flesh INT: That which has been born of the ``` ``` John 3:6 V-RPM/P-NNS GRK: καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ NAS: is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit KJV: and that which is born of INT: and that which has been born of the ``` _____________________________________ γεγεννημένου (gegennēmenou) — 1 Occurrence John 9:32 V-RPM/P-GMS GRK: ὀφθαλμοὺς τυφλοῦ γεγεννημένου NAS: the eyes of a person born blind. KJV: the eyes of one that was born blind. INT: [the] eyes of [one] blind having been born _____________________________________ γεγεννημένον having been born V-RPM/P-NNS ``` John 3:6 V-RPM/P-NNS GRK: τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς NAS: That which is born of the flesh KJV: That which is born of the flesh INT: That which has been born of the ``` ``` John 3:6 V-RPM/P-NNS GRK: καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ NAS: is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit KJV: and that which is born of INT: and that which has been born of the ``` ``` 1 John 5:1 V-RPM/P-AMS GRK: καὶ τὸν γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ NAS: loves the [child] born of Him. KJV: him also that is begotten of INT: moreover him that has been begotten of him ``` ``` 1 John 5:4 V-RPM/P-NNS GRK: πᾶν τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ NAS: For whatever is born of God overcomes KJV: For whatsoever is born of God INT: all that has been born of _____________________________________ ``` γενέσθαι to be V-ANM ______________________________________ γεγεννηκα γεγέννηκά γεγεννηκότων γεγεννημαι γεγέννημαι γεγεννήμεθα ``` γεγεννημενα γεγεννημένα γεγεννημένης γεγεννημενον γεγεννημένον γεγεννημενος γεγεννημένος γεγεννημενου γεγεννημένου ``` γεγέννησαι γεγεννήσθαι γεγεννηται γεγέννηται γεννά γενναται γεννάται γεννᾶται ``` γεννηθεις γεννηθείς γεννηθεὶς γεννηθεν γεννηθέν γεννηθὲν γεννηθέντες γεννηθεντος γεννηθέντος γεννηθεντων γεννηθέντων ``` ``` γεννηθη γεννηθή γεννηθῇ γεννηθηναι γεννηθήναι γεννηθῆναι γεννηθώσιν γεννήσαι γεννησαντα γεννήσαντα γεννήσαντά γεννήσαντες γεννήσαντός γεννησει γεννήσει γεννήσεις γεννηση γεννήση γεννήσῃ γεννήσης γεννήσω γεννήσωσιν ``` γεννώμενα γεννωμενον γεννώμενον γεννωμένων ``` γεννώνται γεννωσα γεννώσα γεννῶσα γεννώσαν γεννωσι γεννώσι γεννῶσι γεννῶσιν ``` ``` εγεννηθη εγεννήθη ἐγεννήθη εγεννηθημεν εγεννήθημεν ἐγεννήθημεν εγεννήθην εγεννηθης εγεννήθης ἐγεννήθης εγεννηθησαν εγεννήθησαν ἐγεννήθησαν ``` ``` εγεννησα εγέννησα εγέννησά ἐγέννησα εγεννησαν εγέννησαν εγέννησάν ἐγέννησαν εγέννησας εγέννησάς εγέννησε εγέννησέ εγεννησεν εγέννησεν ἐγέννησεν εγεννώσαν ``` ____________________________ ἐγέννησα — 2 Occ. ἐγέννησαν — 1 Occ. ἐγέννησεν — 42 Occ. ἐγεννήθη — 7 Occ. ἐγεννήθημεν — 1 Occ. ἐγεννήθης — 1 Occ. ἐγεννήθησαν — 3 Occ. ``` γεγέννηκά — 3 Occ. γεγέννημαι — 2 Occ. γεγεννημένα — 1 Occ. γεγεννημένον — 4 Occ. γεγεννημένος — 4 Occ. γεγεννημένου — 1 Occ. γεγεννήμεθα — 1 Occ. γεγέννηται — 5 Occ. ``` γεννᾶται — 1 Occ. ``` γεννήσαντα — 1 Occ. γεννήσῃ — 1 Occ. γεννήσει — 1 Occ. γεννηθῇ — 3 Occ. γεννηθῆναι — 3 Occ. γεννηθεὶς — 3 Occ. γεννηθὲν — 1 Occ. γεννηθέντων — 1 Occ. γεννηθέντος — 1 Occ. γεννώμενον — 1 Occ. ``` γεννῶσα — 1 Occ. γεννῶσιν — 1 Occ. Additional Entries ἐγέννησα — 2 Occ. ἐγέννησαν — 1 Occ. ἐγέννησεν — 42 Occ. ἐγεννήθη — 7 Occ. ἐγεννήθημεν — 1 Occ. ἐγεννήθης — 1 Occ. ἐγεννήθησαν — 3 Occ. ``` γεγέννηκά — 3 Occ. γεγέννημαι — 2 Occ. γεγεννημένα — 1 Occ. γεγεννημένος — 4 Occ. γεγεννημένου — 1 Occ. γεγεννήμεθα — 1 Occ. γεγέννηται — 5 Occ. ``` γεννᾶται — 1 Occ. ``` γεννήσαντα — 1 Occ. γεννήσῃ — 1 Occ. γεννήσει — 1 Occ. γεννηθῇ — 3 Occ. γεννηθῆναι — 3 Occ. ```

Answer 342

NEED ARRISING FROM A LACK - WANT - CRAVING δέω ("to need, to desire, to crave for lack") A seeking, asking, entreating, entreaty (from Plato down) In the N. T. requests addressed by men to God. Contextually, of prayers imploring God's aid in some particular matter. δέησις is petitionary. δέησις may also be used of a request addressed from God to man. δέησις gives prominence to the expression of personal need, προσευχή to the element of devotion. ``` Original Word: δέομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: deomai Phonetic Spelling: (deh'-om-ahee) Definition: to want, entreat Usage: I want for myself; I want, need; I beg, request, beseech, pray. ``` 1189 déomai (from the root deō, "having deep personal need, to be in want," see also 1162 /déēsis, "felt-need") – properly, to feel pressing need because of lack – hence, to make urgent appeal; to have deep personal need causing one to beseech (make earnest, specific request). [S. Zodihates (Dict) emphasizes the Gk middle voice meaning of this term, i.e. the personal, felt-need that drives 1189 (déomai). L-S and Thayer find deō expresses two distinct meanings in antiquity, perhaps indicating a distinction in accent (like with the English terms, pro'duce and prodúce).] ___________________________________ ``` Original Word: δέησις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: deésis Phonetic Spelling: (deh'-ay-sis) Definition: a need, entreaty Usage: supplication, prayer, entreaty. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 1162 déēsis (deō, "to be in want, lack"; see the cognate 1189 /déomai, "praying for a specific, felt need") – heart-felt petition, arising out of deep personal need (sense of lack, want). ``` [1162 (déēsis) ultimately roots back to 1211 /dḗ ("really") which likewise implies a felt need that is personal and urgent (R, 1149).] _________________________________ εὖχος • (eûkhos) n (genitive εὔχους or εὔχεος); third declension Noun ("the thing prayed for, object of prayer") ("prayer") ("a boast, a vaunt") (later Greek) a vow, votive offering. Pronunciation IPA(key): /êu̯.kʰos/ → /ˈeɸ.xos/ → /ˈef.xos/ From εὔχομαι (“pray, vow, boast”) _________________________________ προσευχή • (proseukhḗ) f (genitive προσευχῆς); first declension (Koine) Noun prayer place of prayer. From προσεύχομαι (“pray”) +‎ -η (suffix forming action nouns). Morphologically from προσ- (“toward”) + εὐχή (“prayer, wish”) εὐχή • (eukhḗ) f (genitive εὐχῆς); first declension Noun ("prayer, wish") From εὔχομαι (“pray, wish”) +‎ -η (suffix forming action nouns). ``` εὔχομαι • (eúkhomai) Verb middle passive. to pray, offer prayers to pray for, wish for, long for to vow or promise to do to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt. ``` ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éwgʰ-e-ti *h₁wegʷʰ- (“to promise, to praise”) *h₁wegʷʰ- Root ("to promise, to vow, to praise") ``` ________________________________ LATIN voveō (present infinitive vovēre, perfect active vōvī, supine vōtum); second conjugation VERB I vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity. I wish for, desire. From earlier Proto-Italic *wogʷeō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek εὔχομαι (eúkhomai), Sanskrit वाघत् (vāghát) and Old Armenian գոգեմ (gogem). __________________________________ SANSKRIT ``` उक्थ • (ukthá) n NOUN saying sentence, verse eulogy, praise a kind of recitation or group of verses recited in this manner in rituals (AitBr., TS., ŚBr., ChUp., etc.) ```

Answer 343

SURPRISE - COMPREHEND έκπληξη • (ékplixi) f (plural εκπλήξεις) surprise From Ancient Greek ἔκπληξις εκπλήσσω (ekplísso, “to surprise”) χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic) (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] A nasal-infixed and -suffixed present from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Compare λαμβάνω (lambánō). Cognate with Latin prehendo, English get, Root *gʰed- (“to find, to hold”) Latin: *hendō ⇒ Latin: praehendō (see there for further descendants) Latin: hedera (see there for further descendants) ``` hedera f (genitive hederae); first declension (“ivy”) ``` survive (v.) mid-15c. (implied in surviving), "to outlive, continue in existence after the death of another," originally in the legal (inheritance) sense, from Anglo-French survivre, Old French souvivre (12c., Modern French survivre), from Latin supervivere "live beyond, live longer than," from super "over, beyond" (see super-) + vivere "to live" (from PIE root *gwei- "to live"). Intransitive sense "to live on" is from late 15c. Related: Survived; surviving. Related entries & more *gwei- also *gweie-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to live." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jivah "alive, living;" Old Persian *jivaka- "alive," Middle Persian zhiwak "alive;" Greek bios "one's life, course or way of living, lifetime," zoe "animal life, organic life;" Old English cwic, cwicu "living, alive;" Latin vivus "living, alive," vita "life;" Old Church Slavonic zivo "to live;" Lithuanian gyvas "living, alive," gyvata "(eternal) life;" Old Irish bethu "life," bith "age;" Welsh byd "world." surmise (v.) c. 1400, in law, "to charge, allege," from Old French surmis, past participle of surmettre "to accuse," from sur- "upon" (see sur- (1)) + mettre "put," from Latin mittere "to send" (see mission). Meaning "to infer conjecturally" is recorded from 1700, from the noun. Related: Surmised; surmising. surmise (n.) early 15c., legal, "a charge, a formal accusation," from Old French surmise "accusation," noun use of past participle of surmettre (see surmise (v.)). Meaning "inference, guess" is first found in English 1580s.

Answer 344

REPORT - STATEMENT έκθεση noun report, exposure, fair, statement

Answer 345

ASK - REQUEST - PETITION - PRAY - BIND - PROMISE ``` δέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: deó Phonetic Spelling: (deh'-o) Definition: to tie, bind Usage: I bind, tie, fasten; I impel, compel; I declare to be prohibited and unlawful. ``` ἀρχαῖς δεδεμεναις a sheet bound by the four corners (to the sky) δεδεμεναις καί); an animal, to prevent it from straying around, ὄνος δεδεμενη, πῶλος δεδεμένος to bind, to fasten with chains, to throw into chains: ἀγγέλους, Revelation 9:14; a madman ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται, figuratively for these bonds of mine in no way hinder its course, i. e. the preaching, extension, and efficacy of the gospel, 2 Timothy 2:9; the bodies of the dead, which were accustomed to be bound with bandages and linen cloths: ὁ τεθνηκώς δεδεμονος τούς πόδας καί τάς χεῖρας κειριας, bound hand and foot with grave-cloths, John 11:44; τό σῶμα ὀθονίοις (Tdf. 2, 7 ἐν ὀθονίοις), to swathe in linen cloths, John 19:40. metaphorically, a. Satan is said δῆσαι a woman bent together, i. e. by means of a demon, as his messenger, taking possession of the woman and preventing her from standing upright, Luke 13:16 cf. Luke 13:11. . to bind, i. e. put under obligation, namely, of law, duty, etc.: δεδεμένος τῷ πνεύματι, bound or constrained in my spirit, i. e. compelled by my convictions, Acts 20:22n by a Chaldean and rabbinical idiom (equivalent to אֲסַר), to forbid, prohibit, declare to be illicit: bind, be in bonds, knit, tie, wind. A primary verb; to bind (in various applications, literally or figuratively) -- bind, be in bonds, knit, tie, wind. See also dei, deomai. δέομαι • (déomai) passive (simple past δεήθηκα, active δέω) (the active, with different sense) I pray to God δέω • (déō) ``` I bind, tie, fasten, fetter. (figuratively) (middle) I tie onto myself. (with genitive) I hinder from. (medicine) I brace. ANTONYM (of deo) ``` ``` λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ``` —————————————— δέω (tie, bind, promise) - λῡ́ω (loose, untie, unfettered) δέομαι (prayer to God) “I will do your will if you give me what I seek”. ἐρωτάω (marks the form of the request for another “to do” something) Please “do this” for me. αἰτέω (denotes the request of the will - request a thing “to be given” something) Please “give me this” benefit from my inheritance (will) ζητέω (seek for what is hidden) Please “teach me” what I do not know. εὖχος - εὔχομαι - εὔχεσθαι (Vow, promise, votive offering) I “pledge this” as surety to underwrite my promise. πυνθάνομαι (to learn by investigation and interrogation) ———————————————————— OBLIGATION - BOUND BY DUTY - BEHOOVES - NECESSARY (Must - Ought - Should - Shall) ``` δεῖ Word Origin a form of deó Definition it is necessary ``` ``` δεῖ Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: dei Phonetic Spelling: (die) Definition: it is necessary Usage: it is necessary, inevitable; less frequently: it is a duty, what is proper. HELPS Word-studies 1163 deí – properly, what must happen, i.e. what is absolutely necessary ("it behooves that . . . "). ``` Word Origin a form of deó Definition it is necessary ——————————————————— NEED - WANT - LACK ``` Strong's Concordance deomai: I request, beg Original Word: δέομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: deomai Phonetic Spelling: (deh'-om-ahee) Definition: to want, entreat Usage: I want for myself; I want, need; I beg, request, beseech, pray. ``` 1189 déomai (from the root deō, "having deep personal need, to be in want," see also 1162 /déēsis, "felt-need") – properly, to feel pressing need because of lack – hence, to make urgent appeal; to have deep personal need causing one to beseech (make earnest, specific request). [S. Zodihates (Dict) emphasizes the Gk middle voice meaning of this term, i.e. the personal, felt-need that drives 1189 (déomai). L-S and Thayer find deō expresses two distinct meanings in antiquity, perhaps indicating a distinction in accent (like with the English terms, pro'duce and prodúce). from δέω to want, need; whence middle δέομαι to stand in need of, want for oneself to want, lack: τίνος. 2. to desire, long for: τίνος. 3. to ask, beg (German bitten); beseech, pray to, make request. Middle voice of deo; to beg (as binding oneself), i.e. Petition -- beseech, pray (to), make request. Compare punthanomai. πυνθάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: punthanomai Phonetic Spelling: (poon-than'-om-ahee) Definition: to inquire, by implication to learn Usage: I ask, inquire, ascertain by inquiry, understand. to inquire, ask: followed by an indirect question to ascertain by inquiry: ————————————————- Middle voice prolonged from a primary putho (which occurs only as an alternate in certain tenses); to question, i.e. Ascertain by inquiry (as a matter of information merely; and thus differing from erotao, which properly means a request as a favor; and from aiteo, which is strictly a demand for something due; as well as from zeteo, which implies a search for something hidden; and from deomai, which involves the idea of urgent need); by implication, to learn (by casual intelligence) -- ask, demand, enquire, understand. see GREEK erotao see GREEK aiteo see GREEK zeteo see GREEK deomai ————————————————————— ἐρωτάω Request another “to do” something. ``` ἐρωτάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: erótaó Phonetic Spelling: (er-o-tah'-o) Definition: to ask, question Usage: (a) I ask (a question), question, (b) I request, make a request to, pray. HELPS Word-studies 2065 erōtáō (from eromai, "ask") – make an earnest request, especially by someone on "special footing," i.e. in "preferred position." ``` 2065 /erōtáō ("to ask on special footing, intimacy") requests from a "preferred position" (E. Abbot, Johannine Grammar, 467,8). Such requesting receives special consideration because of the special relationship involved. Apparently from ereo (compare ereunao); to interrogate; by implication, to request -- ask, beseech, desire, intreat, pray. ``` ἐρευνάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereunaó Phonetic Spelling: (er-yoo-nah'-o) Definition: search Usage: I search diligently, examine. ``` ``` ergazomai: I work, trade, do Original Word: ἐργάζομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ergazomai Phonetic Spelling: (er-gad'-zom-ahee) Definition: to search, examine Usage: I work, trade, perform, do, practice, commit, acquire by labor. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2038 ergázomai (from 2041 /érgon, "work") – to work (accomplish). See 2041 (ergon). ``` a. to work, labor, do work: it is opposite to inactivity or idleness. (to work, i. e.) to do, work out: τά ἔργα τοῦ Θεοῦ, what God wishes to be done, τοῦ κυρίου, to give one's strength to the work which the Lord wishes to have done. to be busied with the holy things, i. e. to administer those things that pertain to worship, which was the business of priests and among the Jews of the Levites. to work for, earn by working, to acquire. commit, do, labor for, minister about Middle voice from ergon; to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.), (by implication) effect, be engaged in or with, etc. -- commit, do, labor for, minister about, trade (by), work. ———————————————————- αἰτέω Ask another “to give” something. ``` αἰτέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: aiteó Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-teh'-o) Definition: to ask, request Usage: I ask, request, petition, demand. ``` The constructions of this word in the Greek Bible, the Apostolic Fathers, etc., are exhibited in detail by Prof. Ezra Abbot in the North American Review for Jan. 1872, p. 182f. He there shows also (in opposition to Trench, § xl., and others) that it is not the constant word for the seeking of the inferior from the superior, and so differing from ἐρωτάω, which has been assumed to imply 'a certain equality or familiarity between the parties'; that the distinction between the words does not turn upon the relative dignity of the person asking and the person asked; but that αἰτέω signifies to ask for something to be given not done giving prominence to the thing asked for rather than the person and hence is rarely used in exhortation. ἐρωτάω, on the other hand, is to request a person to do (rarely to give) something; referring more directly to the person, it is naturally used in exhortation, etc. The views of Trench are also rejected by Cremer, 4te Aufl. under the word The latter distinguishes αἰτέω from similar words as follows: "αἰτέω denotes the request of the will, ἐπιθυμέω that of the sensibilities, δέομαι the asking of need, while ἐρωτάω marks the form of the request, as does εὔχεσθαι also, which in classic Greek is the proper expression for a request directed to the gods and embodying itself in prayer." ἐρωτάω, αἰτέω and δέομαι are also compared briefy by Green, Critical Notes, etc. (on John 14:13, 16), who concludes of ἐρωτάω "it cannot serve to indicate directly any peculiar position, absolute or relative, of the agent. The use of the word may, therefore, be viewed as having relation to the manner and cast of the request, namely, when carrying a certain freedom of aim and bearing; a thing inseparable from the act of direct interrogation" —————————————————————— ζητέω Seek for what is hidden and concealed. ``` Original Word: ζητέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: zéteó Phonetic Spelling: (dzay-teh'-o) Definition: to seek Usage: I seek, search for, desire, require, demand. HELPS Word-studies 2212 zētéō – properly, to seek by inquiring; to investigate to reach a binding (terminal) resolution; to search, "getting to the bottom of a matter." ``` to seek (i. e. in order to find out) by thinking, meditating, reasoning; to inquire into. desire, endeavour, seek after. Of uncertain affinity; to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by Hebraism) to worship (God), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life) -- be (go) about, desire, endeavour, enquire (for), require, (X will) seek (after, for, means). —————————————————————- ἐπῐθῡμέω • (epithūméō) Verb to set one's heart on a thing, desire, covet (with genitive) (Koine, with accusative) (with infinitive) desire, want to. From ἐπῐ́θῡμος (“desirous”) +‎ -έω (denominative verbal suffix). ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (epithūmíā) f (genitive ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun The emotion of yearning, longing, desire, craving. Often with a negative connotation: lust. Related to ἐπῐ́θῡμος (epíthūmos, “desirous”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). ῑ̔́μερος • (hī́meros) m (genitive ῑ̔μέρου); second declension Noun yearning, longing desire, love ———————————————————— ``` θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) Noun soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) From *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) +‎ *-mós. Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰwéh₂ōs (genitive *h₁n̥dʰuh₂sós, literally “having breath inside”), from *h₁en (“in, inside”) + *dʰweh₂- (“smoke”) + *-ōs, whence also *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)). Noun 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀸 • (an-tu-wa-aḫ-ḫa-aš, /antuwaḫḫaš/) c (“man, human being, person”) Sometimes also reconstructed as *dʰuHmós. The reconstruction of root-final laryngeal *h₂ is based on Hittite 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒀪𒄩𒀸 (antuwaḫḫaš, “human”) and [script needed] (tuḫḫae-, “to produce smoke”). Proto-Indo-European Root[edit] *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, mist, haze”) (uncountable, figuratively) Something used to obscure or conceal; an obscuring condition; see also smoke and mirrors. holy smoke Interjection (idiomatic, dated) An expression of surprise. holy smokes Expressing astonishment. —————————————————————— VOW - PROMISE εὖχος • (eûkhos) n (genitive εὔχους or εὔχεος); third declension Noun the thing prayed for, object of prayer, prayer a boast, vaunt (later Greek) a vow, votive offering ``` εὔχομαι • (eúkhomai) to pray, offer prayers to pray for, wish for, long for to vow or promise to do to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *eukʰomai (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀄𐀐𐀵 (e-u-ke-to, “εὔχεται”)[1]), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éwgʰ-e-ti, metathesized thematic present from *h₁wegʷʰ- (“to promise, to praise”). Cognates include Sanskrit ओहते (óhate), वाघत् (vāghát), Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈‎ (aojaite), Old Armenian գոգեմ (gogem) and Latin voveō. Latin - voveō (present infinitive vovēre, perfect active vōvī, supine vōtum); second conjugation I vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity. I wish for, desire. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-. Root *h₁wegʷʰ- to promise, to vow to praise Cognates include Ancient Greek εὔχομαι (eúkhomai) ``` ——————————————————————- RHETORIC ῥήγνῡμῐ • (rhḗgnūmi) ``` (transitive) I break asunder, tear, rend, shatter. I break through a line or body of men. (post-Homeric) I break into speech, speak out. I burst into tears. (passive) I break, burst. I burst forth. (of ships) I am wrecked. I am inscribed on (intransitive) I break, burst forth. ``` ῥῆγμα • (rhêgma) n (genitive ῥήγματος); third declension ``` breakage, fracture laceration, rupture rent, tear in clothes cleft, chasm (medicine) lesion or rupture of tissue. ``` Alternative forms ῥηγνύω (rhēgnúō), ῥήσσω (rhḗssō), ῥήττω (rhḗttō) Uncertain. Could be from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Compare Old Armenian երգիծանեմ (ergicanem, “I tear, dissect”), Lithuanian rėžti, and Old Church Slavonic рѣзати (rězati, “to cut, slaughter”). Also compare Latin frangō and Old English brecan (English break), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-. Further compare Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “break up, break open, shatter”) ῥῆξῐς • (rhêxis) f (genitive ῥήξεως or ῥήξῐος); third declension breaking, bursting quotations ▼ breaking forth quotations ▼ discharge quotations ▼ rent, cleft quotations ▼

Answer 346

MANIFEST DEITY - Gods nature as born into existence. ``` θεῖος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: theios Phonetic Spelling: (thi'-os) Definition: divine Usage: divine; subst: the Deity. HELPS Word-studies 2304 theíos (an adjective, derived from 2316 /theós, "God") – divine, manifesting the characteristics of God's nature. ``` 2304 /theíos ("divine nature") ties God's essence to His self-manifestation, permitting all people to know Him by observing His attributes. [See also the discussion of: general revelation (cf. 2304 /theíos) and special revelation (cf. 2320 /theótēs) at 601 /apokalýptō ("reveal") and 602 /apokálypsis ("revelation").] ``` θεός, οῦ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine; Noun, Masculine Transliteration: theos Phonetic Spelling: (theh'-os) Definition: God, a god Usage: (a) God, (b) a god, generally. HELPS Word-studies 2316 theós (of unknown origin) – properly, God, the Creator and owner of all things (Jn 1:3; Gen 1 - 3). ``` [Long before the NT was written, 2316 (theós) referred to the supreme being who owns and sustains all things.] ὁ Θεός with the genitive of the thing of which God is the author. ὁ Θεός τίνος (genitive of person), the (guardian) God of anyone, blessing and protecting him: .

Answer 347

BRIMSTONE - SULPHUR (as of the gods - planets - catastrophe) From Original Word: θεῖος - divine ``` θειώδης, ες Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: theiódés Phonetic Spelling: (thi-o'-dace) Definition: of brimstone Usage: of brimstone, sulfurous. ``` brimstone. From theion and eidos; sulphur-like, i.e. Sulphurous -- brimstone. ``` θεῖον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: theion Phonetic Spelling: (thi'-on) Definition: brimstone Usage: brimstone, sulfur. HELPS Word-studies 2303 theíon – properly, sulfur ("brimstone," i.e. smoky, burning rocks), i.e. sulphurous, named for the sulphur-smell left by lightning; (figuratively) the fire of heaven, bringing down God's judgment to display His awesome, unstoppable power. ``` Probably neuter of theios (in its original sense of flashing); sulphur -- brimstone. ``` Strong's Concordance theios: divine Original Word: θεῖος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: theios Phonetic Spelling: (thi'-os) Definition: divine Usage: divine; subst: the Deity. HELPS Word-studies 2304 theíos (an adjective, derived from 2316 /theós, "God") – divine, manifesting the characteristics of God's nature. ``` 2304 /theíos ("divine nature") ties God's essence to His self-manifestation, permitting all people to know Him by observing His attributes. ``` See also the discussion of: general revelation (cf. 2304 /theíos) and... special revelation (cf. 2320 /theótēs) at 601 /apokalýptō ("reveal") and 602 /apokálypsis ("revelation").] ```

Answer 348

SAVE - SAVIOR - TO SAVE - SALT - RESCUE - DELIVER - LIBERATE You are the salt of the earth. You are the “preservers” of ancient wisdom. You are the “custodians” of the true historical record. You are the “protectors” of honesty, truth and justice. You are the “guardians” of wisdom. You are the “observers” of ancient custom and tradition. You are the “healers” of untruth. You are the “stewards” of nobility. ``` SALT WATER - WASH - CLEANSE FRANKENSCENCE MYRH HYSOP ``` ——————————————————- σωστός • (sostós) m (feminine σωστή, neuter σωστό) correct, right Synonym: ορθός (orthós) Antonym: λάθος (láthos) real, true (figuratively) well-mannered, well-behaved Noun σωτήρας • (sotíras) m (plural σωτήρες, feminine σώτειρα) rescuer, saviour σωτήρ • (sōtḗr) m (genitive σωτῆρος); third declension Noun saviour, deliverer, preserver (often as an epithet of protecting gods, especially Zeus) From σῴζω (sṓizō, “to save”) +‎ -τήρ (-agent noun). ``` σῴζω • (sṓizō) I save I heal (Christianity) I save (rare in Homer) Ι keep safe, preserve I keep, observe, maintain (usually middle) I keep in mind, remember I bring safely (to) I rescue I save for (with infinitive) (with participle) ``` ``` σῠσσῴζω • (sussṓizō) Adjective to help to save or preserve to observe completely. συν- (sun-) +‎ σῴζω (sṓizō) ``` Verbal adjective of the verb σώζω (sṓzō, “to save”), hence literally "safe and sound; secure; sure, certain". ορθός • (orthós) m (feminine ορθή, neuter ορθό) Adjective upright, erect straight correct, right, sound. ορθή γωνία f (orthí gonía, “right angle”) σωτηρῐ́ᾱ • (sōtēríā) f (genitive σωτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension deliverance, salvation. From σωτήρ (sōtḗr, “saviour”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-abstract noun). -τήρ • (-tḗr) m (genitive -τῆρος); third declension Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns -ῐ́ᾱ • (-íā) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension Added to stems of adjectives, or rarely to the stems of verbs, to form feminine abstract nouns. Σωκρᾰ́της • (Sōkrátēs) m (genitive Σωκρᾰ́τους, diminutive Σωκρᾰτίδῐον); third declension A male given name, equivalent to English Socrates in particular, the 5th century BCE philosopher Socrates. From σῶς (“safe and sound”, the root of σῴζω +‎ κράτος (“power”) +‎ -ης (adjectival suffix). ``` Derived terms διασώζω (save, save file) ᾰ̓νᾰσῴζω (anasṓizō) ἀντῐσῴζω (antisṓizō) ᾰ̓ποσῴζω (aposṓizō) εὔσοος (eúsoos) κᾰτᾰσῴζω (katasṓizō) μελισσοσόος (melissosóos) πῠρῐ́σσοος (puríssoos) σῠσσῴζω (sussṓizō) Σωκρᾰ́της (Sōkrátēs) ``` ``` Related terms σῶς (sôs) σωστέος (sōstéos) σωστῐκός (sōstikós) σωστός (sōstós) σῶστρᾰ (sôstra) σώτειρᾰ (sṓteira) σωτήρ (sōtḗr) σωτηρῐ́ᾱ (sōtēríā) σωτήρῐος (sōtḗrios) σωτηριώδης (sōtēriṓdēs) σῶτρον (sôtron) ``` σώζω • (sózo) (simple past έσωσα, passive σώζομαι) save, rescue (computing) save (a file) (religion) redeem, save. ———————————— SUFFIX -ῐ́ζω • (-ízō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote: adhere to the policy of the city mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym ‎-ίζω (-ízō) + ‎Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → ‎λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō) ``` Ancient Greek words suffixed with -ίζω -ισμα (-isma) -ισμός (-ismós) -ιστής (-istḗs) Descendants[edit] Greek: -ίζω (-ízo) Latin: -issō, -izō English: -ise, -ize See also[edit] -άζω (-ázō) -όζω (-ózō) -ύζω (-úzō) ``` Suffix[edit] -ίζω • (-ízo) a suffix found with verbs formed from adjectives: ‎έρρινος (érrinos, “nasal”) + ‎-ίζω (-ízo) → ‎ερρινίζω (errinízo, “to nasalise”) ‎κίτρινος (kítrinos, “yellow”) + ‎-ίζω (-ízo) → ‎κιτρινίζω (kitrinízo, “to turn yellow”) formed from nouns giving an action or effect: ‎βούρτσα (voúrtsa, “brush”) + ‎-ίζω (-ízo) → ‎βουρτσίζω (vourtsízo, “to sweep, to brush”) ‎άθεος (átheos, “atheist”) + ‎-ίζω (-ízo) → ‎αθεΐζω (atheḯzo, “to become an atheist”) used to alter an existing verb: ‎φέγγω (féngo, “glimmer”) + ‎-ίζω (-ízo) → ‎φεγγίζω (fengízo, “to become translucent”) ———————————————- σωτηρῐ́ᾱ • (sōtēríā) f (genitive σωτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension deliverance, salvation From σωτήρ (sōtḗr, “saviour”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-abstract noun). σωτήρ • (sōtḗr) m (genitive σωτῆρος); third declension saviour, deliverer, preserver (often as an epithet of protecting gods, especially Zeus) Custodian - Stuart of the Gods, “Scripture andTruth” From σῴζω (sṓizō, “to save”) +‎ -τήρ (-agent noun). σωτήρας • (sotíras) m (plural σωτήρες, feminine σώτειρα) Noun rescuer, saviour —————————————- RESCUE rescuer (plural rescuers) A person who rescues someone or something. rescue (third-person singular simple present rescues, present participle rescuing, simple past and past participle rescued) (transitive) To save from any violence, danger or evil. The well-trained team rescued everyone after the avalanche. To free or liberate from confinement or other physical restraint. to rescue a prisoner from the enemy. To recover forcibly. To deliver by arms, notably from a siege. (figuratively) To remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil and sin. Traditionally missionaries aim to rescue many ignorant heathen souls. (figuratively) To achieve something positive under difficult conditions. Synonyms (to save from violence, danger or evil): free, deliver, pull out of the fire, save the day (to free from confinement): liberate, release (to free from restraint): release, unshackle, untie (to recover forcibly): recapture, retake (to deliver by arms): liberate (to rescue from evil or sin): redeem, save Antonyms[edit] (all senses): abandon, ignore (to save from violence, danger or evil): endanger, imperil (to free from confinement): enslave, incarcerate (to free from restraint): bind, constrict, hamper, inhibit, obstruct, preclude (to recover forcibly): kidnap (to deliver by arms): arrest, capture (to rescue from evil or sin): corrupt, deprave from Latin prefix re- (“re-”) + excutere, present active infinitive of excutiō (“I shake or drive out”), from ex (“out”) + quatiō (“I shake”). To drive out, make null and void, render useless. excutiō (present infinitive excutere, perfect active excussī, supine excussum); third conjugation iō-variant I shake out, shake off, elicit, knock out, drive out, cast off. I discard, banish. I examine, inspect. From ex- (“out of”) +‎ quatiō (“shake”). Descendants: (“Rescue”) re- back, backwards again; prefix added to various words to indicate an action being done again, or like the other usages indicated above under English. From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) excutiō (present infinitive excutere, perfect active excussī, supine excussum); third conjugation iō-variant I shake out, shake off, elicit, knock out, drive out, cast off. I discard, banish. I examine, inspect. From ex- (“out of”) +‎ quatiō (“shake”). Execute from ex- "out" (see ex-) + sequi "follow" from PIE root *sekw- “to follow" ``` ex- out, away ē- + veniō → ēveniō ex- + clāmō → exclāmō ex- + eō → exeō throughout ē- + dormiō → ēdormiō ē- + pōtō → ēpōtō (intensive) thoroughly ē- + dūrus + -ō → ēdūrō ex- + acuō → exacuō denoting achievement ex- + ōrō → exōrō ex- + pugnō → expugnō up ex- + aggerō → exaggerō ex- + struō → exstruō denoting privation ex- + anima + -ō → exanimō ex- + sanguis → exsanguis ``` ``` quatiō (present infinitive quatere, supine quassum); third conjugation iō-variant, no perfect stem I shake; agitate I wield, brandish I move, touch, excite, affect I vex, harass ``` quash (third-person singular simple present quashes, present participle quashing, simple past and past participle quashed) To defeat decisively. The army quashed the rebellion. To crush or dash to pieces. (law) To void or suppress (a subpoena, decision, etc.). ``` from Latin quassāre, present active infinitive of quassō, under the influence of cassō (“I annul”) Related terms cask casket concussion discuss, discussion fracas percussion rescue squash Cognate with Spanish quejar (“to complain”). ``` From Latin cassus (“hollow”, “empty”). casso (feminine singular cassa, masculine plural cassi, feminine plural casse) (obsolete) useless, fruitless. (obsolete) deprived, devoid From cadō (“fall”) +‎ -tō (verb-forming suffix). Perfect passive participle form of cassare (“to erase, take out”), from Vulgar Latin *cassare (“to nullify, void”), derived from Latin cassus. Synonyms (useless): futile, inutile, vano (deprived): privo, sfornito PRIVO- privo (feminine singular priva, masculine plural privi, feminine plural prive) devoid without, lacking, -less, un-, -free From prīvus (“single; private”). prīvō (present infinitive prīvāre, perfect active prīvāvī, supine prīvātum); first conjugation (with ablative, genitive or accusative) I bereave, deprive, rob or strip of something. (with ablative) I free, set apart, release, deliver from something, relieve of. From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁t- (“to shake”) (AHD). May be cognate with Ancient Greek πάσσω (pássō), παστός (pastós). πάσσω • (pássō) I sprinkle From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁t- (“to shake”). παστός • (pastós) m (feminine παστή, neuter παστό) salted, preserved with salt, corned παστό χοιρινό ― pastó choirinó ― salt pork παστό βοδινό ― pastó vodinó ― corned beef Synonym - αλατιστός (preserve with salt, brine) From Ancient Greek παστός (pastós), from πάσσω (pássō, “sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁t- (“to shake”). SALT SHAKER παστό βοδινό n (“corned beef, in other wards, salted beef”) ``` SYNONYM αλατιστός • (alatistós) m (feminine αλατιστή, neuter αλατιστό) preserved with salt or brine, corned Synonyms παστός (pastós) ``` αλατίζω (alatízo, “to preserve with salt”) αλάτισμα (alátisma, “preservation with salt”) and see: αλάτι n (aláti, “salt”) αλάτι • (aláti) n (plural αλάτια) common salt, table salt μαγειρικό αλάτι ― cooking salt From Ancient Greek ἅλς (salt) from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂l-, *séh₂ls. παστός (pastós, “salted, preserved with salt, corned”) άλας (álas, “chemical salt”) (product of neutralisation) Derived terms άλατα f (álata, “salt”) αλάτινος (alátinos, “salty, salt, saline”) αλάτισμα n (alátisma, “preserving with salt”) αλατο- (alato-), αλατό- (alató-, “related to salt”) αλατοειδής (alatoeidís, “saltlike”) αλατόνερο n (alatónero, “salt water”) άλμη f (álmi, “salt water, brine”) αλμύρα f (almýra, “saltiness”) αλμυρίζω (almyrízo, “to add salt”) αλμυρότητα f (almyrótita, “saltiness”) αλμυρούτσικος (almyroútsikos, “slightly salty”, adjective) αλμυρός (almyrós, “salty”) αλάτισμα • (alátisma) n (uncountable) Noun salting, corning, the process of preserving with salt αλατίζω • (alatízo) (past αλάτισα, passive αλατίζομαι) Verb preserve with salt, salt, corn αλατισμένος • (alatisménos) m (feminine αλατισμένη, neuter αλατισμένο) Participle salty, salted (stresses the addition of salt). αλατούχος • (alatoúchos) m (feminine αλατούχα, neuter αλατούχο) Adjective salt bearing, saline, salty αλμυρός • (almyrós) m (feminine αλμυρή, neuter αλμυρό) Adjective salty, briny savoury, not sweet, unsweet ``` ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension salt (masculine) brine (masculine) sea (feminine) wit ``` ἅλῐος • (hálios) m (feminine ἁλίᾱ, neuter ἅλῐον); first/second declension of the sea, marine Adjective ἅλς (háls, “salt”) +‎ -ιος (-adjective, of, pertaining to) from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls. From Proto-Indo-European/séh₂ls Root *séh₂ls salt

Answer 349

FABRICATION - INVENTION - FICTION επινόηση επινόηση f (epinóisi, “fabrication, lie, invention”) επινόηση f (epinóisi, “fabrication, invention”) επινόηση • (epinóisi) f (plural επινοήσεις) Noun concept, notion, invention, fabrication (technical, practical) invention, fabrication, fiction (of the imagination)

Answer 350

WISE - KNOWLEDGABLE - SYMBOLIC KNOWLEDGE sapiō (“I taste; to try, I am wise”), ``` LATIN sapere From Vulgar Latin *sapēre, from Latin sapere, present active infinitive of sapiō (“I taste; I am wise”), from Proto-Italic *sapiō, ``` from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i- (“to notice”), from *seh₁p- (“to try, to research”). *sep- to taste, to try out Oscan: sipus (“knowing”) sapiō (present infinitive sapere, perfect active sapīvī); third conjugation iō-variant, no passive, no supine stem I taste of, taste like, smack of, have a flavour of. I have good taste or discernment. (figuratively) I am wise or sensible; I skill, discern. (Medieval Latin) I know. (Medieval Latin) I am able. From Proto-Italic *sapiō, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i- (“to notice”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-. Cognate with Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós), Old English sefa (“mind, spirit, mood”). ——————————- GREEK σοφός • (sophós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφόν); first/second declension clever, skillful, cunning, able intelligent, wise, prudent σοφός • (sofós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφό) Adjective (“wise”) σοφός • (sofós) m (plural σοφοί) Noun (“a wise man, a sage”) ——————————————- COPTIC Adjective ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ • (sophos) wise, sage Noun ⲥⲟⲫⲟⲥ • (sophos) m (plural identical to singular) wise man ——————————————- ENGLISH sapient (adj.) "wise," late 15c. (early 15c. as a surname), from Old French sapient, from Latin sapientem (nominative sapiens), present participle of sapere "to taste, have taste, be wise," from PIE root *sep- (1) "to taste, perceive" Old Saxon an-sebban "to perceive, remark," Old English sefa "mind, understanding, insight"). sapience (n.) late 14c., "wisdom, understanding," from Old French sapience, from Latin sapientia "good taste, good sense, discernment; intelligence, wisdom," from sapiens (see sapient). sapid (adj.) 1630s, from Latin sapidus "savory, having a taste," from sapere (see sapient). Its opposite is insipid. savor (n.) mid-13c., from Old French savor "flavor, taste; sauce, seasoning; delight, pleasure," from Latin saporem (nominative sapor) "taste, flavor," related to sapere "to have a flavor" (see sapient). insipient (adj.) "foolish," mid-15c., from Latin insipientem (nominative insipiens) "unwise, foolish," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + sapientem (see sapient). "Now mostly, or wholly, disused to avoid confusion with incipient" savant (n.) "one eminent for learning," 1719, from French savant "a learned man," noun use of adjective savant "learned, knowing," former present participle of savoir "to know," from Vulgar Latin *sapere, from Latin sapere "be wise" (see sapient). savvy (n.) 1785, "practical sense, intelligence;" also a verb, "to know, to understand;" West Indies pidgin borrowing of French savez(-vous)? "do you know?" or Spanish sabe (usted) "you know," both from Vulgar Latin *sapere, from Latin sapere "be wise, be knowing" (see sapient). The adjective is first recorded 1905, from the noun. Related: Savvily; savviness. Related entries & more ``` Homo sapiens (n.) the genus of human beings, 1802, in William Turton's translation of Linnæus, coined in Modern Latin from Latin homo "man" (technically "male human," but in logical and scholastic writing "human being;" see homunculus) + sapiens, present participle of sapere "be wise" (see sapient). ``` Homo as the genus of the human race, within the order Primates, was formally instituted in Modern Latin 1758 by Linnaeus (originally also including chimpanzees). Used since in various Latin or pseudo-Latin combinations intended to emphasize some aspect of humanity, as in Henri Bergson's Homo faber "man the tool-maker" (in "L'Evolution Créatrice", 1907). savoir-faire (n.) "instinctive knowledge of the right course of action in any circumstance," 1815, from French, literally "to know (how) to do," from savoir "to know" (from Latin sapere; see sapient) + faire (from Latin facere "to make, do;" from PIE root *dhe- "to set, put"). French also has savoir-vivre "ability in good society; knowledge of customs in the world." —————————————— wise (adj.) Old English wis "learned, sagacious, cunning; sane; prudent, discreet; experienced; having the power of discerning and judging rightly," from Proto-Germanic *wissaz (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian wis, Old Norse viss, Dutch wijs, German weise "wise"), from past-participle adjective *wittos of PIE root *weid- "to see" (hence "to know"). Modern slang meaning "aware, cunning" first attested 1896. Related to the source of Old English witan "to know, wit." wise (n.) "way of proceeding, manner," Old English wise "way, fashion, custom, habit, manner; condition, state, circumstance," from Proto-Germanic *wison "appearance, form, manner" (see wise (adj.)). Compare Old Saxon wisa, Old Frisian wis, Danish vis, Middle Dutch wise, Dutch wijs, Old High German wisa, German Weise "way, manner." Most common in English now as a word-forming element (as in likewise, clockwise); the adverbial -wise has been used thus since Old English. For sense evolution from "to see" to "way of proceeding," compare cognate Greek eidos "form, shape, kind," also "course of action." Ground sense is "to see/know the way." Wise - Wisdom wise (comparative wiser or more wise, superlative wisest or most wise) Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience. Storing extra food for the winter was a wise decision. They were considered the wise old men of the administration. "It is a profitable thing, if one is wise, to seem foolish" - Aeschylus (colloquial, ironic) Disrespectful. Don't get wise with me! (colloquial) Aware, informed. From Middle English wis, wys, from Old English wīs (“wise”), from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz (“wise”), from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos, *weydtos, a participle form of *weyd-. Cognate with Dutch wijs, German weise, Norwegian and Swedish vis. Compare wit. From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Root *weyd- (stative) (“to see”) ———————————- GREEK derived from From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- *weyd- is related to Greek εἶδον Greek: είδα (eída) (perfective forms of βλέπω (vlépo)) εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive (strengthened) to look at, observe to see a person, to meet, speak with them to see, experience, become acquainted with to look at or towards to see mentally, to perceive to examine, investigate All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι (ópsomai). ``` εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like ``` εἶδος (eîdos, “form”) ἰδέα (idéa, “form”) ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”) ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”) ``` εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ``` Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”), from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas). Originally *-ϝειδής (*-weidḗs), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, appearance”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). Suffix -ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id Latin Suffix -ides resembling Suffix -ώδης • (-ṓdēs) m or f (neuter -ῶδες); third declension Adjective-forming suffix: smelling of (by generalization) adjective-forming suffix: full of, like. From ὄζω (ózō, “smell”). ὄζω • (ózō) to smell (i.e. exude a scent) [+genitive] (impersonal) there is a smell. Cognates include Latin odor ——————————————— SANSKRIT वेदस् • (védas) n knowledge, science property, wealth From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”), from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).

Answer 351

TO SMELL ὄζω • (ózō) to smell (i.e. exude a scent) [+genitive] (impersonal) there is a smell From Proto-Hellenic *óďďō, Verb *óďďō to smell ``` ὀδμή • (odmḗ) f (genitive ὀδμῆς); first declension Noun smell, scent, odour stench, stink the sense of smell ``` ``` ὀσμή • (osmḗ) f (genitive ὀσμῆς); first declension Noun smell, scent, odour stench, stink the sense of smell ``` ὀσμητός • (osmētós) m (feminine ὀσμητή, neuter ὀσμητόν); first/second declension Adjective smelled, that which can be smelled From ὀσμάω (osmáō, “to smell”) +‎ -τος (-tos). ὄζαινᾰ • (ózaina) f (genitive ὀζαίνᾱς); first declension Noun (pathology) ozaena, a type of chronic rhinitis fetid kind of octopus From ὄζω (ózō, “to smell”) +‎ -αινᾰ (-aina). SUFFIX -αινᾰ • (-aina) f (genitive -αίνης); first declension Added to the stem of a masculine noun to form a corresponding feminine noun. Suffix -αινα • (-aina) f Used to form the feminine form of masculine nouns: ‎λύκος (lýkos, “wolf”) + ‎-αινα (-aina) → ‎λύκαινα (lýkaina, “she-wolf”) Used to form the andronyms: ‎Γεώργιος (Geórgios, “George”) + ‎-αινα (-aina) → ‎Γιώργαινα (Giórgaina, “Georgiana”) From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-ye-, from *h₃ed-. From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-ye- (innovative ye-present) From *h₃ed- (“smell”). Root *h₃ed- to smell, stink Cognates include Latin odor and Lithuanian úodžiu. ``` Derived Terms ἀπόζω (apózō) βᾰρῠώδης (baruṓdēs) ἐξόζω (exózō) ἐπόζω (epózō) κᾰτόζω (katózō) κῠνόζολον (kunózolon) προσόζω (prosózō) σῠνόζω (sunózō) ``` ``` Related terms ἀώδης (aṓdēs) δῠσώδης (dusṓdēs) ὄζαινᾰ (ózaina) ὄζη (ózē) Ὀζόλαι (Ozólai) Ὀζολίς (Ozolís) ὄζολῐς (ózolis) ὀζομενία (ozomenía) ὀζώδης (ozṓdēs) ὀσμή (osmḗ) ὀσμήρης (osmḗrēs) ὀσμή (osmḗ) ὀσμηρός (osmērós) ὄσμησῐς (ósmēsis) ὀσμητός (osmētós) ```

Answer 352

DEITY - GODHEAD (Personal God - Personification of god) ``` θεότης, ητος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: theotés Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ot'-ace) Definition: deity Usage: deity, Godhead. HELPS Word-studies 2320 theótēs (a feminine noun derived from 2316 /theós, "God") – the personal God revealed in the Bible who is triune and infinitely relational as demonstrated by the embodiment of the Godhead in the incarnated Christ (used only in Col 2:9). ``` 2320 /theótēs ("fullness of deity") expresses God's "essential (personal) deity, as belonging to Christ" (WS, 906). 2320 (theótēs) focuses on Christ physically embodying the Godhead through His incarnation and shown throughout His perfect life of faith (cf. Heb 12:2). SYNONYMS: θεότης, θειότης: θεότης deity differs from θειότης divinity, as essence differs from quality or attribute

Answer 353

DEMARCATE - SPECIFY - DETERMINE - SET ``` προσδιορίζω" in English volume_upπροσδιορίζω {vb}EN to specify to determine to set volume_upπροσδιορίζω {v.t.}EN to demarcate ```

Answer 354

HERMENEUTICS - EXPLAIN - CONSTRUE - INTERPRET ερμηνεύω • (erminévo) (simple past ερμήνευσα) interpret, explain, construe, translate ἑρμηνεύω • (hermēneúō) to interpret, esp. of languages to explain to speak clearly, expound From ἑρμηνεύς (“interpreter”) +‎ -εύω (-eúō). SUFFIX -εύω Pronunciation IPA(key): /ěu̯.ɔː/ → /ˈe.βo/ → /ˈe.vo/ -εύω • (-eúō) Added to the stems of agent or other nouns in -εύς (-eús) to form a denominative verb of condition or activity: meaning "be x" or "do what x typically does" ‎βᾰσῐλεύς (“king”) + ‎-εύω (-eúō) → ‎βᾰσῐλεύω (“to rule”) ‎ᾰ̔λῐεύς (halieús, “fisherman”) + ‎-εύω (-eúō) → ‎ᾰ̔λῐεύω (halieúō, “to fish”) Added to other nouns ‎βουλή (boulḗ, “plan”) + ‎-εύω (-eúō) → ‎βουλεύω (bouleúō, “to plan”) ‎παῖς (paîs, “child”) + ‎-εύω (-eúō) → ‎παιδεύω (paideúō, “to teach”) ‎ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (agorā́, “assembly, marketplace”) + ‎-εύω (-eúō) → ‎ᾰ̓γορεύω (agoreúō, “to talk”) ἑρμηνείᾱ • (hermēneíā) f (genitive ἑρμηνείᾱς); first declension interpretation, explanation, hermeneutics (music) expression translation From ἑρμηνεύω (“interpret”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun suffix). ——————————————- ``` ἔπω ῥέω ἐρεῶ λέγω φημί λέω λαλέω μιλώ ``` ``` ἐρεῶ Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereó Phonetic Spelling: (er-eh'-o) Definition: call, say, speak of, tell Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. ``` Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say -- call, say, speak (of), tell. —————————————— ἔπω Phonetic Spelling: (ep'-o) Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) -- answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego. see GREEK ereo see GREEK rheo see GREEK phemi see GREEK lego ——————————— ῥέω Phonetic Spelling: (hreh'-o) Definition: command, make, say, speak of ——————————— ``` λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. HELPS Word-studies 3004 légō (originally, "lay down to sleep," used later of "laying an argument to rest," i.e. bringing a message to closure; see Curtius, Thayer) – properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, "laying it to rest"). ``` —————————————— ``` φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. HELPS Word-studies 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany"). ``` ``` λαλέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: laleó Phonetic Spelling: (lal-eh'-o) Definition: to talk Usage: (I talk, chatter in classical Greek, but in NT a more dignified word) I speak, say. ``` ————————————————— λέω λέω • (léo) (simple past είπα, passive λέγομαι) Verb (most senses) say, tell Tο παιδί είπε την πρώτη του λέξη. ― To paidí eípe tin próti tou léxi. ― The child said his first word. Ο διευθυντής μου είπε ότι πρέπει να τελειώνουμε. ― O diefthyntís mou eípe óti prépei na teleiónoume. ― The director told me that we should finish. (transitive) discuss, converse Τα λένε μεταξύ τους. ― Ta léne metaxý tous. ― They are discussing. Καιρό έχουμε να τα πούμε. ― Kairó échoume na ta poúme. ― It's been a while since we talked. recite, tell, recount, sing (a poem, song, etc) Το παιδάκι είπε ένα τραγούδι. ― To paidáki eípe éna tragoúdi. ― The child sang a song. Να τα πούμε; ― Na ta poúme? ― Shall we sing them? (phrase used by Greek children carolling door to door around the New Year) (often in imperative) suppose, imagine (a hypothetical scenario) Λέμε τώρα, αν γινόταν πόλεμος. ― Léme tóra, an ginótan pólemos. ― We're supposing now, if there were a war. Πες πώς κάτι γινόταν. Τι θα έκανες; ― Pes pós káti ginótan. Ti tha ékanes? ― Let's say something happened. What would you do? (intransitive, often with για) refer to, talk about Λες για τον φίλο σου τώρα; ― Les gia ton fílo sou tóra? ― Are you talking about your friend now? (transitive) mean, say (to clarify etc) Θέλω να πω ότι δεν είναι τόσο απλά τα πράγματα. ― Thélo na po óti den eínai tóso aplá ta prágmata. ― I mean that things aren't that simple. Τι θα πει, «ξέχασα τις ασκήσεις μου»; ― Ti tha pei, «xéchasa tis askíseis mou»? ― What do you mean, "I forgot my homework"? (intransitive, figuratively) remind of, mean something to Αυτό το όνομα δε μου λέει τίποτα. ― Aftó to ónoma de mou léei típota. ― That name means nothing to me. (intransitive, figuratively) be any good, be worth anything Λέει τίποτα αυτό το κομπιούτερ; ― Léei típota aftó to kompioúter? ― Is this computer any good? (intransitive) suggest, advise Λέω να πάμε μια βόλτα. ― Léo na páme mia vólta. ― I say that we should go for a walk. (transitive) call (name someone or something) Με λένε Γιώργο. ― Me léne Giórgo. ― I am called Giorgos. Τον είπα βλάκα. ― Ton eípa vláka. ― I called him a fool. used with δεν, indicates something is slow to come: Αυτή η μέρα δεν λέει να τελειώσει. ― Aftí i méra den léei na teleiósei. ― This day doesn't want to end. (intransitive, often with να) think (something will happen) Λες να μας προδώσει; ― Les na mas prodósei? ― Do you think he'll betray us? (transitive, colloquial) read, explain (fortell using cards etc.) Derived terms[edit] πρωτολέω (protoléo, “say for the first time”) and see Derivatives of λέγω Expressions: εγώ τα λέω, εγώ τα ακούω (egó ta léo, egó ta akoúo, “I might as well be talking to the wall”, literally “I say it, I hear it”) (για) να λέμε και του στραβού το δίκιο ((gia) na léme kai tou stravoú to díkio, “speaking honestly”) εδώ που τα λέμε (edó pou ta léme) (beginning of a phrase showing admission or confession) είπε ο γάιδαρος τον πετεινό κεφάλα (eípe o gáidaros ton peteinó kefála, “the pot calling the kettle black”, literally “The donkey called the rooster 'big head'”) εμένα μου λες; (eména mou les?, “you're telling me!”) (expressing disbelief, doubt) έχουμε και λέμε (échoume kai léme) θέλω να πω (thélo na po, “I mean”) και θα πεις κι ένα τραγούδι (kai tha peis ki éna tragoúdi, “you will do it anyway”) κάτι μας είπες (τώρα)! (káti mas eípes (tóra)!) (on being told a well-known fact) λεγόμενος (legómenos, “so-called”) λες και (les kai, “as if”, literally “say and”) λέω τα σύκα σύκα και τη σκάφη σκάφη (léo ta sýka sýka kai ti skáfi skáfi, “(lit: calling figs figs, and a trough a trough) call a spade a spade”) σου 'πα, μου 'πες (sou 'pa, mou 'pes, “this and that”) (evasive) τα λέμε (ta léme, “see you, bye”, literally “We say them”) τα λέω στον τοίχο (ta léo ston toícho, “I might as well be talking to the wall”) —————————————————- μιλώ μιλώ • (miló) (simple past μίλησα, passive μιλιέμαι) (most senses) speak, talk Ας μιλάμε στον ενικό! ― As miláme ston enikó! ― Let's talk in the singular! Μιλάτε αγγλικά; ― Miláte angliká? ― Do you speak English? (intransitive, in passive) have friendly relations, be on speaking terms Για κάποιο λόγο, δε μιλιούνται μεταξύ τους. ― Gia kápoio lógo, de milioúntai metaxý tous. ― For some reason, they don't have friendly relations. —————————————— ``` φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. HELPS Word-studies 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany"). ``` ———————————————— φῶς ``` φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ. ``` cont. of phaos (light, daylight); from the same as phainó φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind. Reason, mind; the power of understanding especially moral and spiritual truth Open to view for all to see. Public. φαίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phainó Phonetic Spelling: (fah'-ee-no) Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as. φῶτα φῶτα (phōta) — 1 Occurrence Acts 16:29 N-ANP GRK: αἰτήσας δὲ φῶτα εἰσεπήδησεν καὶ NAS: And he called for lights and rushed KJV: he called for a light, and sprang in, INT: Having asked for moreover lights he rushed in and φώτων φώτων (phōtōn) — 1 Occurrence James 1:17 N-GNP GRK: πατρὸς τῶν φώτων παρ' ᾧ NAS: from the Father of lights, with whom KJV: from the Father of lights, with whom INT: Father of lights with whom ``` φωτὸς φωτὸς (phōtos) — 14 Occurrences Luke 16:8 N-GNS GRK: υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς εἰς τὴν NAS: than the sons of light. KJV: than the children of light. INT: sons of the light in the John 1:7 N-GNS GRK: περὶ τοῦ φωτός ἵνα πάντες NAS: about the Light, so KJV: bear witness of the Light, that all INT: concerning the light that all ```

Answer 355

RECOGNITION OF KNOWLEDGE - CONTACT KNOWLEDGE ``` epignósis: recognition, knowledge Original Word: ἐπίγνωσις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: epignósis Phonetic Spelling: (ep-ig'-no-sis) Definition: recognition, knowledge Usage: knowledge of a particular point (directed towards a particular object); perception, discernment, recognition, intuition. ``` From epí, "on, fitting" which intensifies gnṓsis, "knowledge gained through first-hand relationship") properly, "contact-knowledge" that is appropriate ("apt, fitting") to first-hand, experiential knowing. This is defined by the individual context. See 1921 (epignōskō). —————————————— ἐπιγινώσκω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: epiginóskó Phonetic Spelling: (ep-ig-in-oce'-ko) Definition: to know exactly, to recognize Usage: I come to know by directing my attention to him or it, I perceive, discern, recognize; aor: I found out. HELPS Word-studies 1921 epiginṓskō (from 1909 /epí, "on, fitting" which intensifies 1097 /ginṓskō, "know through personal relationship") – properly, apt, experiential knowing, through direct relationship. This knowing builds on (epi, "upon") the verbal idea and hence is defined by the individual context. Example: 1 Cor 13:12: "For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face; now I know in part, but then I will aptly-experientially know (1921 /epiginṓskō) to the extent (2531 /kathṓs) I also have been aptly-experientially known (1921 /epiginṓskō)." [Believers then will personally (aptly) know the Lord throughout the aeons of eternity – in keeping with the extent (Gk kathōs) they allowed Him to personally (aptly) know them here on earth. "Been known" is the passive form of 1921 /epiginṓskō (aorist indicative, epegnōsthēn), indicating that the level we will experientially know (enjoy) God in eternity will "match" the level we were known by Him in this life (see also P. Hughs at 2 Cor 1:13). 1097 (ginōskō) is used once in this verse, and 1921 (epiginṓskō) twice. Both uses of 1921 (epiginṓskō) work in conjunction with the Greek adverb, 2531 /kathṓs ("to the extent of)." The "appropriate (apt)" knowledge matches the envisioned "contact" (note the root, 1097 /ginṓskō, "first-hand knowing").]

Answer 356

REALIZE - TO MAKE AWARE - BECOME AWARE OF συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (past συνειδητοποίησα) realise, be aware of From συνειδητός (‘conscious”) +‎ ποιώ (“to make”).

Answer 357

TO SEE ἰδεῖν (idein) — 39 Occurrences Matthew 11:8 V-ANA GRK: τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν ἄνθρωπον ἐν INT: what went you out to see a man in Matthew 11:9 V-ANA GRK: ἐξήλθατε προφήτην ἰδεῖν ναί λέγω INT: went you out a prophet to see Yes I say Matthew 12:38 V-ANA GRK: σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν INT: you a sign to see

Answer 358

PUBLIC SPEAKING αγόρευση • (agórefsi) f (plural αγόρευσες) Noun speech, rhetoric, oration (public speaking) αγορεύω (agorévo, “to make a speech”) αγορητής m (agoritís, “orator”) αγορήτρια f (agorítria, “orator”) see also: αγορά f (agorá, “market, bazaar”)

Answer 359

SYMBOL σύμβολο • (sýmvolo) n (plural σύμβολα) symbol, character, glyph ————————————- βόλος • (bólos) m (genitive βόλου); second declension a throw with a casting-net, a cast of a net (transferred senses): a net the thing caught, a draught or catch a casting of teeth a cast of dice Synonym of θύρα, πηλός, βῶλος (thúra, pēlós, bôlos. From βάλλω (bállō, “I throw or cast”). ————————————- ``` βᾰ́λλω • (bállō) Verb (transitive) I throw, cast, hurl (transitive) I let fall (transitive) I strike, touch (transitive) I put, place (intransitive) I fall, tumble ``` (throw) : ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō) (fall) : πίπτω (píptō) Compare to verb βάζω (vázo, “put, place”) βάλλω • (vállo) (past έβαλα, passive βάλλομαι) Verb attack fire, shoot (figuratively) accuse, reprove, criticise ——————————————-

Answer 360

PUT - PLACE

Answer 361

DOUBT - TO PUT ON... βάλλω (“I throw, cast, hurl, toss, project, attack, vomit”) ``` βᾰ́λλω • (bállō) Verb (transitive) I throw, cast, hurl (transitive) I let fall (transitive) I strike, touch (transitive) I put, place (intransitive) I fall, tumble ``` From Proto-Indo-European *gʷl̥-ne-h₁- nasal-infix from *gʷelH- (“to hit by throwing”). *gʷelH- to throw, reach, pierce; to hit by throwing. Ancient Greek: βέλος (“missile”) βέλος • (bélos) n (genitive βέλους or βέλεος); third declension missile, arrow, dart weapon something quickly moving artillery From Proto-Indo-European *gʷélHos, from *gʷelH- βόλος • (bólos) m (genitive βόλου); second declension a throw with a casting-net, a cast of a net (transferred senses): a net the thing caught, a draught or catch a casting of teeth a cast of dice Synonym of θύρα, πηλός, βῶλος (thúra, pēlós, bôlos) Obelisk ὀβελός • (obelós) m (genitive ὀβελοῦ); second declension a spit, rod Synonym: βουπόρος (boupóros) (ὀβελὸς λίθινος) a pointed square pillar, obelisk a horizontal line ``` ὀβελίσκος • (obelískos) m (genitive ὀβελίσκου); second declension Noun small spit, skewer anything shaped like a spit obelisk drainage conduit ``` From ὀβελός (“spit, skewer”) +‎ -ῐ́σκος (-diminutive noun). -ῐ́σκος • (-ískos) m (genitive -ῐ́σκου); second declension Noun-forming diminutive suffix. From Proto-Indo-European *-iskos, and cognate with English -ish. *-iskos Characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to. ὀβελῐσκολῠ́χνῐον • (obeliskolúkhnion) n (genitive ὀβελῐσκολῠχνῐ́ου); second declension spit used as a lampholder by soldiers. From ὀβελίσκος (“spit, obelisk”) +‎ λυχνίον (“lampholder”). Compare to verb βάζω (“put, place”) —————————————— αμφιβάλλω • (amfivállo) (past αμφέβαλα, passive —) doubt, have doubts From Ancient Greek ἀμφιβάλλω (amphibállō). Morphologically αμφι- (amfi-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo). ἀμφιβάλλω • (amphibállō) to put on (e.g. clothing) αμφιβολία • (amfivolía) f (plural αμφιβολίες) Noun doubt, uncertainty. αμφίβολος • (amfívolos) m (feminine αμφίβολη, neuter αμφίβολο) Adjective doubtful Morphologically αμφι- (amfi-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo). ——————————————- PREFIX ``` ἀμφί • (amphí) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) (+ genitive) for, for the sake of about, concerning around (+ dative) by, near, around, with about, on account of, for the sake of regarding, concerning (+ accusative) about, around. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Old English ymb-, modern English umbe Latin ambi- Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”) Old Persian 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 (abiy, “towards, against, upon”) Old High German umbi, Old Irish imb (“around”) and the first part of Old Armenian ամբ-ողջ (amb-ołǰ, “whole”). ———————————————— DOUBT doubt (third-person singular simple present doubts, present participle doubting, simple past and past participle doubted) (transitive, intransitive) To lack confidence in; to disbelieve, question, or suspect. He doubted that was really what you meant. (archaic) To fear; to suspect. 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, I.186: He fled, like Joseph, leaving it; but there, / I doubt, all likeness ends between the pair. (obsolete) To fear. (obsolete) To fill with fear; to affright. doubt (countable and uncountable, plural doubts) Uncertainty, disbelief. There was some doubt as to who the child's real father was. (India) A query; a point of uncertainty. I have a doubt about how to convert this code to JavaScript. From Latin dubitō ``` dubitō (present infinitive dubitāre, perfect active dubitāvī, supine dubitātum); first conjugation I waver (in opinion), am uncertain, doubt, question, am in doubt I waver (in coming to a decision), hesitate, delay I reflect upon, ponder, consider, deliberate ``` from duo + habeō. Duo - two From Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Cognates include Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), Sanskrit द्व (dvá) and Old English twā (English two). ``` Latin - habeō habeō (present infinitive habēre, perfect active habuī, supine habitum); second conjugation to have, hold. Spero ut pacem habeant semper. I hope that they may always have peace. ``` to own, have (possessions). to possess, have (qualities). Annos viginti habet. He is twenty years old. Literally: He has twenty years to retain, maintain. to conduct, preside over. to regard, consider or account a person or thing as something. Diemque cladis quotannis maestum habuerit ac lugubrem. And each year he considered the day of the disaster gloomy and mournful to accept, bear, endure. (of feelings, problems) to affect, trouble (someone). (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, auxiliary verb for perfect tense) to have Nec in publico vestimenta lavare, nec berbices tondere habeant licitum . They haven't allowed clothes to be washed in public, neither to shave sheep. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) want, will, shall, should Feri eum adhuc, nam si non feriveris, ego te ferire habeo. Hit him again, for if you don't, I shall hit you. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, past imperfect with infinitive) would. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to have to; to be compelled A patria Cathaloniæ se absentare habuerunt, et in fugam se constituerunt, ne justitia de ipsis fieret. They had to leave from the land of Cathalonia, and decided to escape, so that justice would not be made of them. (Medieval Latin, impersonal) there be Habet in Spinogilo mansum dominicatum cum casa et aliis casticiis sufficienter. There is a lord's villa in Spinogilo with a house and other buildings. ——————————————- αναβάλλω • (anavállo) (past ανέβαλα, passive αναβάλλομαι) postpone, put off, delay, procrastinate Αναβάλλω συνεχώς να του τηλεφωνήσω. Δεν ξέρω τι να του πω. Anavállo synechós na tou tilefoníso. Den xéro ti na tou po. I keep postponing this phonecall. I do not know what to say to him. Θα αναβάλω τις διακοπές μου φέτος. Tha anaválo tis diakopés mou fétos. I will postpone my vacation this year. ——————————————- αναβαλλόμενος • (anavallómenos) m (feminine αναβαλλόμενη, neuter αναβαλλόμενο) being continuously postponed. Noun αναβαλλόμενος • (anavallómenos) m (plural αναβαλλόμενοι) (idiomatic expression) reprimand, tirade telling off Μου έψαλε τον αναβαλλόμενο. Mou épsale ton anavallómeno. [He/she] told me off (literaly: He chanted the 'Anavallomenos' psalm.) αναβληθείς (“postponed”, passive past participle) (masc.) (learned), αναβληθείσα (fem.), αναβληθέν (neu.) Present participle of αναβάλλομαι, which is the passive voice of αναβάλλω (“to postpone”). αναβαλλόμενος (anavallómenos, passive present participle) αναβλητικός (anavlitikós, “procrastinating”, adjective) αναβλητικότητα f (anavlitikótita, “procrastination”) αναβολέας m (anavoléas) αναβολή f (anavolí, “delay, postponement”) αναβολικός (anavolikós) αναβολισμός m (anavolismós) αναβλητικός • (anavlitikós) m (feminine αναβλητική, neuter αναβλητικό) Adjective procrastinating, dilatory, delaying. αναβλητικότητα • (anavlitikótita) f (uncountable) Nounh procrastination, dilatoriness. αναβολέας • (anavoléas) m (plural αναβολείς) Noun (equestrian) stirrup (anatomy) stapes, stirrup (bone in the ear) αναβολή • (anavolí) f (plural αναβολές) Noun postponement, delay adjournment αναβολικός • (anavolikós) m (feminine αναβολική, neuter αναβολικό) Adjective (medicine) anabolic αναβολικά n pl (anavoliká, “anabolic steroid”) ``` Adjective αναβολικά • (anavoliká) Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of αναβολικός (anavolikós). Noun αναβολικά • (anavoliká) n pl (medicine, sports) anabolic steroid ``` anabolism (usually uncountable, plural anabolisms) The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from catabolism. From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”) + -ism. metabolism (countable and uncountable, plural metabolisms) (physiology) The complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. From Ancient Greek μεταβολή (metabolḗ, “change”), from μετά (metá, “meta-”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”). anabolize (third-person singular simple present anabolizes, present participle anabolizing, simple past and past participle anabolized) (biochemistry) To cause, or to undergo anabolism. catabolism (usually uncountable, plural catabolisms) (biochemistry) Destructive metabolism, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials. From Ancient Greek καταβολή (“throwing down”), from κατά (“down”) + βάλλω (“I throw”). αναβολισμός • (anavolismós) m (uncountable) (biochemistry, medicine) anabolism ——————————————- αντιπαραβάλλω • (antiparavállo) (past αντιπαρέβαλα, passive αντιπαραβάλλομαι) Verb contrast, juxtapose Morphologically αντι- (“counter-”) +‎ παραβάλλω (“compare”). παραβάλλω • (paravállo) (past παρέβαλα, passive παραβάλλομαι) compare Verb parallel, collate. from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰβᾰ́λλω (parabállō, “I set side by side”). Morphologically παρά- (pará-, “beside”) +‎ βάλλω (vállo, “to throw”). παραβολικός • (parabolikós) Adjective parabolic, of or pertaining to a parable. παραβολή (parabolḗ) +‎ -ικός (-adjective) παραβολή • (parabolḗ) f (genitive παραβολῆς); first declension a placing of two things side by side, juxtaposition comparison, illustration, analogy parable, proverb side by side meeting or engagement, broadside venture (astronomy) conjunction (mathematics) division (geometry) parabola From παραβάλλω (parabállō, “to set side by side”) +‎ -η -η (-forms an action noun) αντιπαραβάλλω (antiparavállo, “juxtapose”) αντιπαραβολή f (antiparavolí) απαράβλητος (aparávlitos, “uncomparable”) παραβολή (paravolí, “parabola, parable, comparison”) παραβολικός (paravolikós, “parabolic”) παράβολο n (parávolo) παραβολοειδής (paravoloeidís, “parabolical”) παρεμβάλλω (paremvállo) ——————————————- αποβάλλω • (apovállo) (past απέβαλα, passive αποβάλλομαι) expel, reject, miscarry Πάντοτε αποβάλλω τις φοβίες μου. ― Pántote apovállo tis fovíes mou. ― I always get rid of my phobias. Πρόσεχε! Θα σε αποβάλω από το σχολείο. ― Próseche! Tha se apoválo apó to scholeío. ― Careful! I will expel you from school. bring up, vomit miscarry (baby) send off (footballer) Morphologically απο- (apo-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo). αυθυποβάλλομαι (afthypovállomai, “be prone with autosuggestion”) απόβλητα n pl (apóvlita, “waste, sewage”) απόβλητος (apóvlitos, “outcast”) αποβολή f (apovolí, “expalsion; miscarriage”) and see: βάλλω (vállo, “to shoot, to open fire”) ——————————————- ``` διαβάλλω • (diabállō) throw over or across pass over, cross set at variance, make a quarrel between slander, libel deceive by false accounts. ``` From διά (diá, “across”) and βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”) ——————————————- επιβάλλω • (epivállo) (past επέβαλα, passive επιβάλλομαι) Verb (transitive) impose, force. Etymology From Ancient Greek ἐπιβάλλω (epibállō). Morphologically επι- (epi-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo). επιβάλλον n (epivállon, “imposition”) ἐπῐβάλλω • (epibállō) to throw, cast, fling upon From ἐπι- (epi-) +‎ βάλλω (bállō) ἐπῐ- • (epi-) (place) on, upon, on top of, all over, covering (motion) on, over (addition, accompaniment) in addition to, as interest on, with (time) after (of superiority, authority, motivation) over, at, for, against (intensive) over- ——————————————- καταβάλλω • (katavállo) (past κατέβαλα, passive καταβάλλομαι) (transitive) Verb overcome, defeat, humiliate exhaust, make an effort Synonym: εξαντλώ (exantló) (formal) pay an amount (money) Θα καταβάλω το ποσό της αμοιβής σας στην τράπεζα.― I will deposit the amount of your fee at the bank. καταβολή f (“payment”) κᾰτᾰβολή • (katabolḗ) f (genitive κᾰτᾰβολῆς); first declension building, structure, foundation. From κᾰτᾰβάλλω (“to set down”) +‎ -η (-action noun) ακατάβλητος • (akatávlitos) m (feminine ακατάβλητη, neuter ακατάβλητο) indomitable, invincible sprightly unpaid προκαταβάλλω • (prokatavállo) (past προκατέβαλα, passive προκαταβάλλομαι) pay (especially pay in advance) prepay, pay a deposit, make an advance payment Learnedly, from Hellenistic Koine Greek προκᾰτᾰβᾰ́λλω (prokatabállō, “apply first”). Morphologically, from προ- (“before”) +‎ καταβάλλω (“pay; overcome; exhaust;”). προκαταβολή • (prokatavolí) f (plural προκαταβολές) deposit, prepayment. from Hellenistic Koine Greek προκᾰτᾰβᾰ́λλω (“apply first”). Morphologically from προ- (“before”) +‎ καταβάλλω (“pay; overcome; exhaust;”). ``` Synonym αβάντσα • (avántsa) f (plural αβάντζες) Noun advance (of wages, etc) prepayment advantage condescending behaviour. ``` αβαντζάρω • (avantzáro) (past αβαντζάρισα, passive —) advance (payment), prepay, deposit Synonym: προκαταβάλλω (prokatavállo) exceed, have extra, be in excess Synonyms: περισσεύω (perissévo), πλεονάζω (pleonázo) αβάντζα f (avántza, “advance, deposit”) ——————————————- πανικοβάλλω • (panikovállo) (past πανικόβαλα, passive πανικοβάλλομαι) Verb cause panic πανικ(ός) (“panic”) +‎ -ο- (infix) +‎ βάλλω (“attack, throw”) calque of English panic, throw into panic. πανικοβλημένος (panikovliménos, “panicky”, participle) πανικόβλητος (panikóvlitos, “panicky”) ——————————————- περῐβᾰ́λλω • (peribállō) to throw round, about, or over, put on or over (figuratively) to put round or upon a person, to invest them with (reversely, with dative of object) to surround, encompass, enclose with (with accusative) to encompass, surround to fetch a compass round, double (middle) to bring into one's power, aim at to appropriate mentally, comprehend to cloak or veil in words to throw beyond, beat in throwing, to beat, excel, surpass From περῐ- (peri-, “around”) +‎ βᾰ́λλω (bállō, “to throw”) ——————————————- προβᾰ́λλω • (probállō) (active) to throw or lay before, throw to to put forward as a defense to put forward, begin to put forward as an argument or plea to put forward or propose for an office to propose a question, task, problem, riddle to put forth beyond to expose, give up to send forth, emit (intransitive) to fall forward (medium and perfect passive) to throw or toss before one, to throw away, expose to lay before or first to set before oneself, propose to oneself to put forward, propose for election to throw beyond, beat in throwing; to surpass, excel to hold before oneself so as to protect (metaphoric) to put forward to bring forward or cite on one's own part, in defense to put before (Attic law) to accuse a person before the Ecclesia by the process called προβολή (probolḗ), literally to present him as guilty of the offense. From πρό (pró, “before”) +‎ βάλλω (bállō, “throw, cast”) —————————————— ``` προσβᾰ́λλω • (prosbállō) to strike = something to attack, assault = something, someone to apply, affix to carry out to procure for; to assign to ``` προσ- (pros-, “towards, against”) +‎ βᾰ́λλω (bállō, “to throw”) —————————————— υπερβάλλω • (ypervállo) (past υπερέβαλα, passive —) (intransitive) exaggerate, overstate (transitive) surpass, exceed, better ανυπέρβλητος (anypérvlitos, “unsurpassed”) υπέρ (ypér, “pro”) υπερβάλλων m (ypervállon, active present participle), υπερβάλλουσα f (ypervállousa), υπερβάλλον n (ypervállon) υπερβολή f (ypervolí, “exaggeration”) Morphologically υπερ- (yper-) +‎ βάλλω (vállo). ————————————————-

Answer 362

IMAGINE - FANTASY - MAKE BELIEVE - APPARITION φαντάζω • (fantázo) (past φάνταξα, passive φαντάζομαι) (the passive, with different sense) (informal): give the impression. +accusative or + σαν (san, “like”) seems, look like Μπροστά σ' αυτό, όλα φαντάζουν ασήμαντα. Brostá s' aftó, óla fantázoun asímanta. Compared to that, everything seems trivial. I make a sensation as, stand out Όταν μπήκε στην αίθουσα, φάνταζε σαν σταρ του κινηματογράφου με τη χρυσή τουαλέτα της. Ótan bíke stin aíthousa, fántaze san star tou kinimatográfou me ti chrysí toualéta tis. When she entered the room, she looked like a movie star in her gold gown. (informal, intransitive) impressed by Μου φάνταξε το κόκκινο φουστάνι, και το αγόρασα. Mou fántaxe to kókkino foustáni, kai to agórasa. The red dress caught my eye, and I bought it (passive with different sense) see → φαντάζομαι (fantázomai, “imagine”) ———————————————- φάντης • (fántis) m (plural φάντηδες) (card games) jack φάντης μπαστούνι m (fántis bastoúni, “jack of spades, unexpected visitor”) ``` μπαστούνι • (bastoúni) n (plural μπαστούνια) Noun cane, walking stick (card games) spade (idiomatic) trouble τα βρήκα μπαστούνια (I met with trouble) ``` From Italian bastone (“stick, cane”), from Latin basto (“stick”) μπαστουνιά f (bastouniá, “a hit with a cane”) φάντης μπαστούνι m (fántis bastoúni, “jack of spades, unexpected visitor”) βαλές • (valés) m (plural βαλέδες) Noun (card games) jack (dated) valet (personal male attendant) (card games): φάντης m (fántis) (valet) : ακόλουθος m (akólouthos) (valet) : θαλαμηπόλος m (thalamipólos) (valet) : υπηρέτης m (ypirétis) ακόλουθος • (akólouthos) m or f (plural ακόλουθοι) Noun attendant, attaché acolyte ακόλουθος • (akólouthos) m (feminine ακόλουθη) Adjective following, next, as follows ακολουθώ • (akolouthó) (past ακολούθησα, passive ακολουθούμαι/ακολουθιέμαι) Verb follow, pursue Ακολούθησε τον Οδυσσέα στην αυλή. ― Akoloúthise ton Odysséa stin avlí. ― She followed Odysseas into the yard. follow, come next go with, escort follow, listen to ————————————————- φαντάζομαι • (fantázomai) (past φαντάστηκα, active φαντάζω) (the active, with different sense) imagine Φαντάζομαι έναν κόσμο χωρίς πολέμους, χωρίς φτώχεια. Fantázomai énan kósmo chorís polémous, chorís ftócheia. Ι imagine a world without wars, without poverty. form an opinion, assume, expect Φαντάζομαι ότι θα πάρω αύξηση στο μισθό μου. Fantázomai óti tha páro áfxisi sto misthó mou. Ι assume that I will get a raise to my salary. Φαντάσου να μπει ξαφνικά στο δωμάτιο η γυναίκα σου! Fantásou na bei xafniká sto domátio i gynaíka sou! Suppose your wife entered the room all of a sudden! Τι φαντάστηκες; Ότι θα σε διορίσουν αμέσως; Ti fantástikes? Óti tha se diorísoun amésos? What did you think? That they would hire you right away? guess so Θα παραιτηθεί ο διευθυντής; Έτσι φαντάζομαι, με τέτοιο σκάνδαλο που ξέσπασε. Tha paraititheí o diefthyntís? Étsi fantázomai, me tétoio skándalo pou xéspase. Will the director resign? I guess so, with such a scandal beaking out. (active with different sense) see → φαντάζω (fantázo, “give the impression”)

Answer 363

IMPLY υπονοούμενο n (yponooúmeno, “an insinuation”) Αυτό συνεπάγεται IMPLY ``` This implies that. This means that. This suggest that. This insinuates that. This involves that. This entails that. ``` Then it follows that. Therefore it follows that. It necessarily follows that. Implicate, hint, connote. υπονοώ • (yponoó) (simple past υπονόησα) Verb imply, insinuate, suggest.

Answer 364

EPISTLE - LETTER - COMMUNICATION - MISSAL - POST OFFICE ``` Epistle An epistle (/ɪˈpɪsəl/; Greek: ἐπιστολή, epistolē, "letter") is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter. The letters in the New Testament from Apostles to Christians are usually referred to as epistles. Those traditionally attributed to Paul are known as Pauline epistles and the others as catholic (i.e., "general") epistles. ``` Missal A missal is a liturgical book containing all instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the year. A page from the Sherbrooke Missal, one of the earliest surviving Missals of English origin Before the compilation of such books, several books were used when celebrating Mass. These included the Gradual (texts mainly from the Psalms, with musical notes added), the Evangelary or Gospel Book, the Epistolary with texts from other parts of the New Testament, mainly the Epistles (letters) of Saint Paul, and the Sacramentary with the prayers that the priest himself said. επιστολή • (epistolí) f (plural επιστολές) letter, written communication (religion) epistle missive ἐπῐστολή • (epistolḗ) f (genitive ἐπῐστολῆς); first declension NOUN message, letter command, commission, injunction dying command, will (legal document) From ἐπιστέλλω (“to send a message”) +‎ -η (-action noun). Latin - epìstola f (Cyrillic spelling епѝстола) epistle (literary form) English - epistle (plural epistles) A letter, or a literary composition in the form of a letter. (Christianity) One of the letters included as a book of the New Testament. from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ), from ἐπιστέλλω (epistéllō, “I send a message”), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”). ———————————————- ``` στέλλω • (stéllō) I make ready, prepare; I furnish, dress I dispatch, send; (middle, passive) I set out, journey (active intransitive in passive sense) I set forth, prepare to go I summon, fetch I gather up; I furl a sail I check, repress (medicine) I bind, make costive (middle) I restrict my diet ``` στέλνω • (stélno) (past έστειλα, passive στέλνομαι) send —————————————————- APOSTLE ᾰ̓πόστολος • (apóstolos) m (genitive ᾰ̓ποστόλου); second declension one who is sent messenger, envoy, ambassador (biblical) apostle From ἀποστέλλω (“I send off”), from ἀπό- (“from”) and στέλλω (“I set”). ``` ἀποστέλλω • (apostéllō) to send off, send away from (absolute) to send away, banish (passive) to go away, depart, set out to send off, dispatch, on some mission or service to put off, doff (intransitive) to go back, retire ``` αποστέλλω • (apostéllo) (past απέστειλα, passive αποστέλλομαι) send, remit, ship, dispatch, consign ἀποστολή • (apostolḗ) f (genitive ἀποστολῆς); first declension commission, mission apostleship From ἀποστέλλω +‎ -η (-action noun). αποστολή • (apostolí) f (plural αποστολές) dispatch, consignment (process of sending something) mission, expedition, errand δελτίο αποστολής n (deltío apostolís, “dispatch note”) δελτίο • (deltío) n (plural δελτία) card, form, document αποστολέας m or f (apostoléas, “sender”) απόστολος m (apóstolos, “apostle”) and see: αποστέλλω (apostéllo, “send”) απεσταλμένος (apestalménos, “emissary”, participle, noun) αποστολέας m (apostoléas, “sender”) αποστολή f (apostolí, “sending”) & compounds αποστολικός (apostolikós, “apostolic”) απόστολος m (apóstolos, “apostle”) & compounds Απόστολος m (Apóstolos, “male given name Apostolos”) εξαποστέλλω (exapostéllo) ξαποστέλνω (xapostélno) στέλνω (stélno, “to send”) see: στέλλω (stéllo) ——————————————— POST ταχυδρομώ • (tachydromó) (past ταχυδρόμησα) post (a letter) ταχυδρομείο • (tachydromeío) n (plural ταχυδρομεία) post office (building) postal service ταχυ- (“fast”) +‎ δρόμος (“road, street”). ταχυ- • (tachy-) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is fast or rapid: ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎-τητα (-tita, “noun ending”) → ‎ταχύτητα (tachýtita, “speed”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎δρόμος (drómos, “road, street”) → ‎ταχυδρόμος (tachydrómos, “postman”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎βολή (volí, “shot”) → ‎ταχυβόλος (tachyvólos, “quickfire, firing quickly”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎ρυθμός (rythmós, “rhythm”) → ‎ταχύρυθμος (tachýrythmos, “accelerated, speedy”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎δάχτυλο (dáchtylo, “finger”) → ‎ταχυδακτυλουργός (tachydaktylourgós, “magician, juggler”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎μετρώ (metró, “to count”) → ‎ταχύμετρο (tachýmetro, “speedometer, tachometer”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎φαΐ (faḯ, “food”) → ‎ταχυφαγείο (tachyfageío, “fast food place”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎πλέω (pléo, “float”) → ‎ταχύπλοο (tachýploo, “speedboat”) (medicine) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is too fast; tachy-: ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎καρδιά (kardiá, “heart”) → ‎ταχυκαρδία (tachykardía, “tachycardia”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎πνοή (pnoḯ, “breath”) → ‎ταχύπνοια (tachýpnoia, “tachypnea”) ‎ταχυ- (tachy-) + ‎γλώσσα (glóssa, “tongue”) → ‎ταχυγλωσσία (tachyglossía, “tachylalia”) Antonyms βραδυ- (vrady-, “slow-related prefix”) τᾰχῠ́ς • (takhús) m (feminine τᾰχεῖᾰ, neuter τᾰχῠ́); first/third declension swift, quick, fast, rapid In a short time: soon ``` ταχύς • (tachýs) m (feminine ταχεία, neuter ταχύ) Adjective fast, rapid Synonym: αλματώδης (almatódis) sudden ``` ταχύτητα • (tachýtita) f (plural ταχύτητες) speed, velocity Το αυτοκίνητο έτρεχε με ταχύτητα 50 χιλιόμετρα την ώρα. To aftokínito étreche me tachýtita 50 chiliómetra tin óra. The car had a speed of 50 km per hour. swiftness, alacrity speed, gear Έβαλε την πρώτη ταχύτητα και ξεκίνησε. Évale tin próti tachýtita kai xekínise. He put it into first gear and set off. From Ancient Greek ταχυτής (takhutḗs), with stress shift. Equivalent to ταχύ- (tachý-, “fast, speed”) +‎ -ύτητα (-ýtita, “-ity, -ness”). κιβώτιο ταχυτήτων n (kivótio tachytíton, “gearbox”) and see: ταχύς (tachýs, “fast”, adjective) ισοταχής • (isotachís) m (feminine ισοταχής, neuter ισοταχές) having equal speed ισο- (iso-, “equal”) +‎ ταχύς (tachýs, “fast”) ``` PREFIX ισο- • (iso-) iso- (indicating equality) ‎ισο- (iso-) + ‎πάχος (páchos, “thickness”) → ‎ισόπαχος (isópachos, “of equal thickness”) Antonym: ανισο- (aniso-) ανισο- • (aniso-) aniso- (indicating inequality) ‎ανισο- (aniso-) + ‎πάχος (páchos, “thickness”) → ‎ανισόπαχος (anisópachos, “of unequal thickness”) ```

Answer 365

REMEMBER θυμάμαι • (thymámai) deponent (past θυμήθηκα) remember θυμίζω • (thymízo) (past θύμισα, passive —) remind Θύμισέ μου να φέρω τα λεφτά. ― Remind me to get the money. θυμούμαι • (thymoúmai) deponent (past θυμήθηκα) Alternative form of θυμάμαι (thymámai)

Answer 366

CARD - FORM - DOCUMENT δελτίο • (deltío) n (plural δελτία) card, form, document

Answer 367

IDENTITY ταυτότητα • (taftótita) f identity (colloquial) ID, identity card (mathematics) identity The general sense is from Ancient Greek ταὐτότης (tautótēs), equivalent to ταὐτός (taὐtós, “he, that”) +‎ -ότητα (-ótita, “-ity, -ness”). άγνωστης ταυτότητας ιπτάμενο αντικείμενο n (“unidentified flying object”) αστυνομική ταυτότητα f (“identity card”) δελτίο ταυτότητας n (“identity card”)

Answer 368

SUSPECT - SUSPICION ``` ύποπτος • (ýpoptos) m (feminine ύποπτη, neuter ύποπτο) Adjective suspicious, suspect incriminating sleazy ``` ύποπτος • (ýpoptos) m (plural ύποπτοι, feminine ύποπτη) suspect. From Ancient Greek ὕποπτος (húpoptos). From Ancient Greek ὑποψία (hupopsía). υποψία • (ypopsía) f (plural υποψίες) Noun suspicion ύποπτος m (ýpoptos, “suspect”) ύποπτη f (ýpopti, “suspect”) ύποπτος (ýpoptos, “suspect”) (adjective) υποπτεύομαι (ypoptévomai, “to suspect”) υποπτεύομαι • (ypoptévomai) deponent (past υποπτεύτηκα/υποπτεύθηκα) Verb To suspect, to be suspicious of. υποψιάζομαι • (ypopsiázomai) deponent (past υποψιάστηκα), neologism: active υποψιάζω (ypopsiázo) suspect Τον υποψιάζομαι ότι λέει ψέματα. ― I suspect him of lying. from Ancient Greek ὑποπτεύω‎ + -ομαι (suffix for passive verbs) ῠ̔ποπτεύω • (hupopteúō) I suspect, I hold in suspicion. I guess, I suppose. I observe, I notice. From the future stem of ῠ̔φοράω (“I suspect”) +‎ -εύω (a denominative verb of condition or activity: meaning "be x" or "do what x typically does") Verb SUFFIX -εύω (a denominative verb of condition or activity: meaning "be x" or "do what x typically does") ————————————————— Denominative Verb A verb derived from a noun. From Late Latin dēnōminātīvus, a calque of παρώνυμος (parṓnumos, “derivative”). It originally had the meaning “derived”,[1] but in its grammatical sense, it has developed the meaning “from a noun”, perhaps a reinterpretation of the Latin morphemes that it consists of: the preposition dē (“from”) and the stem of nōmen (“noun”). denominative (plural denominatives) A word, often a verb, that is derived from a noun or adjective.

Answer 369

DERIVED FROM πᾰρώνῠμος • (parṓnumos) m or f (neuter πᾰρώνῠμον); second declension formed by a slight change, derivative πᾰρώνῠμος From πᾰρᾰ́ (“from; besides”) +‎ ὄνῠμᾰ (“name”)

Answer 370

TAKE - RECEIVE (Teach, Instruct) ``` δοκέω • To expect, think, suppose, imagine. To think. To seem, to be thought. (impersonal, δοκεῖ) It seems. (impersonal, δοκεῖ) It seems good To resolve. To be reputed ``` δέχομαι • (dékhomai) (Attic) Verb To accept, receive δέκτης • (déktis) m (plural δέκτες) Noun recipient, receiver (technology) receiver δόξᾰ • (dóxa) f (genitive δόξης); first declension expectation opinion, judgement, belief glory, honor from *deḱ- (whence δοκέω (dokéō)) or with some other influence directly from δοκέω ``` δόξῐς • (dóxis) f (genitive δόξεως); third declension Noun expectation judgement opinion ``` From δοκέω (dokéō) +‎ -σῐς (-abstract noun). δοξᾰ́ρῐον • (doxárion) n (genitive δοξᾰρῐ́ου); second declension Diminutive of δόξα δόξα +‎ -ᾰ́ρῐον (diminutive suffix) δοξολογῐ́ᾱ • (doxologíā) f (genitive δοξολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (“laudation, paean”) Compound of δοξολόγος (“telling the glory of”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-feminine abstract nouns). From Latin paeān (“a hymn, especially a victory hymn, to Apollo or another god”), from Ancient Greek παιᾱ́ν (paiā́n, “a chant or song, especially a thanksgiving or victory hymn, to Apollo under the name Παιᾱ́ν (Paiā́n)”), from the phrase Ἰὼ Παιᾱ́ν (Iṑ Paiā́n, “O Paean!, Thanks to Paean!”). According to Homer, Paián or Paean was the name of the physician of the gods; its further etymology is unclear. related to παίω (paíō, “to hit, strike”) It has been suggested that Παιᾱ́ν is derived from *παιάϝων (*paiáwōn, “one who heals illnesses through magic”), from *παῖϝα (*paîwa), *παϝία (*pawía, “to blow”), related to παίω (paíō, “to hit, strike”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pēu-, *pyu-, *pū- (“to hit; to cut”)), or from παύω (paúō, “to bring to an end; to abate, to stop”) (from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”) ———————————————- From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-. Root *deḱ- (“take, perceive”) From Proto-Indo-European *dḱ-eh₁-yé-ti from *deḱ- (“take, perceive”). From Proto-Italic Verb *dekēō fit, be right From Latin - decet present infinitive decēre, perfect active decuit no passive, no supine stem, third person only (“it adorns, it is decent, suitable, seemly, or proper”) Latin - doceō (present infinitive docēre, perfect active docuī, supine doctum); second conjugation Verb I teach, instruct; tell, inform; show, demonstrate Omnium scientiārum prīnceps, Salmantica docet. ― The University of Salamanca, first in all fields of knowledge, teaches. (drama) I rehearse, present on stage. ``` From Proto-Italic *dokeō causative of Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take”). Verb *dokeō tell, inform teach, instruct ```

Answer 371

PLANNING - DRAWING - WRITING - SCRIBING - SCRAWLING σκᾰ́ρῑφος • (skárīphos) m (genitive σκᾰρῑ́φου); second declension planing writing drawing (planing) : ξέσῐς (xésis) (writing) : γρᾰφή (graphḗ) (drawing) : μίμησῐς (mímēsis) From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Cognates include Latin scrībō.

Answer 372

SCHEME - PLANNING - SCRAWL ξέσῐς • (xésis) f (genitive ξέσεως); third declension planing From ξέω (xéō, “to scrape”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). *(s)kreybʰ- to scratch, to tear Ancient Greek: σκᾰ́ρῑφος (skárīphos)

Answer 373

MIME - SIMULATE - SIMILAR - SIMULATION - SIMULTANEOUS μίμησις • (mímēsis) simulation μῖμος • (mîmos) m (genitive μῑ́μου); second declension mime, actor imitation, mimicking mime (a drama of everyday life without choir) μιμέομαι • (miméomai) I mimic ``` ἀρχίμιμος (arkhímimos) μιμάς (mimás) Μίμας (Mímas) μιμέομαι (miméomai) μιμηλός (mimēlós) μίμημα (mímēma) μιμητός (mimētós) μιμικός (mimikós) μιμόβιος (mimóbios) ``` From Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “imitator, actor”). mīmus m (genitive mīmī); second declension mime, farce mime actor (male) (figurative) a farce

Answer 374

PEAEĀN - LAUDATION - PRAISE - VICTORY HYMN From Latin paeān (“a hymn, especially a victory hymn, to Apollo or another god”), from Ancient Greek παιᾱ́ν (paiā́n, “a chant or song, especially a thanksgiving or victory hymn, to Apollo under the name Παιᾱ́ν (Paiā́n)”), from the phrase Ἰὼ Παιᾱ́ν (Iṑ Paiā́n, “O Paean!, Thanks to Paean!”). According to Homer, Paián or Paean was the name of the physician of the gods; its further etymology is unclear. It has been suggested that Παιᾱ́ν is derived from *παιάϝων (*paiáwōn, “one who heals illnesses through magic”) from *παῖϝα (*paîwa), *παϝία (*pawía, “to blow”) related to παίω (paíō, “to hit, strike”) from Proto-Indo-European *pēu-, *pyu-, *pū- (“to hit; to cut”) from παύω (“to bring to an end; to abate, to stop”) from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”) ———————————————————

Answer 375

HEALER - THERAPIST - ESSENES The primary source concerning the Therapeutae is the De vita contemplativa ("The Contemplative Life"), traditionally ascribed to the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BCE – 50 CE). θερᾰπευτής • (therapeutḗs) m (genitive θερᾰπευτοῦ); first declension One who waits upon another; attendant. worshiper (who waits upon a deity) courtier (who waits upon a ruler) medical attendant (who waits upon someone who's ill) From θεραπεύω (“I wait on, attend, serve, cure”) +‎ -τής (masculine agentive suffix). ``` θερᾰπεύω • (therapeúō) to wait on, attend, serve to obey to flatter, placate to consult to cure, heal, restore to cultivate, till (of land) ``` θερᾰπευτής • (therapeutḗs) m (genitive θερᾰπευτοῦ); first declension One who waits upon another; attendant. worshiper (who waits upon a deity) courtier (who waits upon a ruler) medical attendant (who waits upon someone who's ill) From θερᾰ́πων (“attendant, aide”) +‎ -εύω (-to do what x does) θεραπεύω • (therapévo) (past θεράπευσα, passive θεραπεύομαι) Verb heal, make better θερᾰ́πων • (therápōn) m (genitive θερᾰ́ποντος); third declension companion of lower rank, comrade, attendant, aide servant, slave According to Beekes, from the same Pre-Greek root of τέραμνον (téramnon, “chamber”). θεραπεύομαι • (therapévomai) passive (past θεραπεύτηκα/θεραπεύθηκα, active θεραπεύω) passive form of θεραπεύω (therapévo) The Therapeutae were a religious sect which existed in Alexandria and other parts of the ancient Greek world. The term Therapeutae (plural) is Latin, from Philo's Greek plural Therapeutai (Θεραπευταί). The term therapeutes means one who is attendant to the gods[3] although the term, and the related adjective therapeutikos[4] carry in later texts the meaning of attending to heal, or treating in a spiritual or medical sense. The Greek feminine plural Therapeutrides (Θεραπευτρίδες) is sometimes encountered for their female members. The author described the Therapeutae in De vita contemplativa ("On the contemplative life"), written in the first century CE. The origins of the Therapeutae were unclear, and Philo was even unsure about the etymology of their name, which he explained as meaning either physicians of souls or servants of God. The opening phrases of his essay establish that it followed one that has been lost, on the active life. Philo was employing the familiar polarity in Hellenic philosophy between the active and the contemplative life, exemplifying the active life by the Essenes, another severely ascetic sect, and the contemplative life by the desert-dwelling Therapeutae. The pseudepigraphic Testament of Job is seen as possibly a Therapeutae text. The term Therapeutae (plural) is Latin, from the Greek plural Therapeutai (Θεραπευταί). The term therapeutes means one who is attendant to the gods[1] although the term, and the related adjective therapeutikos[2] carry in later texts the meaning of attending to heal, or treating in a spiritual or medical sense.

Answer 376

INTERDICTED - OBSTRUCTED - BLOCK - IMPEDE - OBSTACLE - STONEWALL AUTOMATIC INTERDICTION Latae sententiae is a Latin phrase, meaning "sentence (already) passed", used in the canon law of the Catholic Church. A latae sententiae penalty is one that follows ipso facto or automatically, by force of the law itself, when a law is contravened. αυταπόδεικτος (aftapódeiktos, “self-evident”) αναπόδεικτος (anapódeiktos, “unproven”) interdict (v.) c. 1300, enterditen, "to place under ban of the Church, excommunicate," from Old French entredit (Modern French interdit), past participle of entredire "forbid by decree, excommunicate," from Latin interdicere "interpose by speech, prohibit, forbid," from inter "between" + dicere "to speak, to say" from PIE root *deik- "to show," also "pronounce solemnly"). General sense "forbid, prohibit" in English is from early 15c. Related: Interdicted; interdicting; interdictory. *deik- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to show," also "pronounce solemnly," “also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects" It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit dic- "point out, show;" Greek deiknynai "to show, to prove," dike "custom, usage;" Latin dicere "speak, tell, say," digitus "finger," Old High German zeigon, German zeigen "to show," Old English teon "to accuse," tæcan "to teach." Greek deiktikos able to show, from deiktos, verbal of deiknynai to show — more at DICTION ``` δείχνω • (deíchno) (past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai) ``` from Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (“I show”). δεικνύω (“to indicate”) δεικνύω • (deiknýo) (past έδειξα) Verb Katharevousa form of δείχνω (deíchno, “to indicate, to demonstrate”) ``` δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) Verb I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) +‎ -νῡμῐ from Proto-Indo-European *-néwti. *(Ø)-néwti Forms transitive imperfective verbs from roots. -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs. Cognates Old English tǣċan (English teach). ``` tǣċan Verb to show, point out to show (someone) the way; to direct, guide to teach ``` ———————————————— παρεμπόδιση Verb απαγορεύω forbid, prohibit, ban, disallow, taboo, interdict. απαγορεύω • (apagorévo) (past απαγόρευσα/απαγόρεψα, passive απαγορεύομαι) forbid, ban, prohibit From Ancient Greek ἀπᾰγορεύω. Morphologically, from απ- (“reversal/negation”) +‎ αγορεύω (“make a speech”). From the ancient ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (marketplace, public square). απαγόρευση f (apagórefsi, “prohibition”) απαγορεύσιμος (apagoréfsimos, “able to be prohibited”) απαγορευμένος (apagorevménos, “prohibited”, participle) απαγορευτικός (apagoreftikós, “prohibiting”) Other compounds of αγορεύω (agorévo) αναγορεύω (anagorévo, “nominate, appoint”) αυτοαναγορεύομαι (aftoanagorévomai, “proclaim myself”) προσαγορεύω (prosagorévo, “address”) (formal) υπαγορεύω (ypagorévo, “dictate”) and see: αγορά f (agorá, “marketplace”) ———————————————————— In Catholic canon law, an interdict /ˈɪntərdɪkt/ is an ecclesiastical censure, or ban that prohibits persons, certain active Church individuals or groups from participating in certain rites, or that the rites and services of the church are banished from having validity in certain territories for a limited or extended time. CENSURE A censure is an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism. In Catholic theology, a theological censure is a doctrinal judgment by which the church stigmatizes certain teachings detrimental to faith or morals. In canon law, a censure is a penalty imposed primarily for the purpose of breaking contumacy and reintegrating the offender in the community. The ecclesiastical censures are excommunication and interdict, which can be imposed on any member of the Church, and suspension, which only affects clerics. United States Censure is the public reprimanding of a public official for inappropriate conduct or voting behavior. When the president is censured, it serves only as a condemnation and has no direct effect on the validity of presidency, nor are there any other particular legal consequences. Unlike impeachment, censure has no basis in the Constitution or in the rules of the Senate and House of Representatives. It derives from the formal condemnation of either congressional body of their own members. Before 1983, interdicts were either personal, if applied directly to a person, wherever he was, or local, if applied directly to a locality and only indirectly to the people in that place whether permanently or only on a visit.[2] Only the Holy See was empowered to impose a general interdict on a diocese or state or a personal interdict on the people of a diocese or country, but bishops too could impose a general interdict on a parish or on the people of a parish or a particular interdict on a place (such as a church or oratory, an altar or a cemetery) or a person. A local interdict forbade in general the public celebration of sacred rites. Exceptions were made for the dying, and local interdicts were almost entirely suspended on five feasts of the year: Christmas Day, Easter Sunday, Pentecost, Corpus Christi and the feast of the Assumption of Mary.[4] Besides, in the case of a general local interdict, it remained permissible to celebrate in the cathedral or the only church in a town, but without any solemnity such as the ringing of bells and the playing of music, Mass, baptism, confession, and marriage. Those who were under personal interdict were forbidden to be present at any religious rite except the preaching of the word of God. While mere attendance ("passive assistance," with "assistance" being an obsolete translation of Latin adsistere/assistere ["be present"; cf. the modern Italian equivalent and its Spanish cognate asistir]) by them did not require that they be expelled, if they were well known to be under interdict they were to be prevented from taking an active part. An interdict today has the effect of forbidding the person concerned to celebrate or receive any of the sacraments, including the Eucharist, or to celebrate the sacramentals. One who is under interdict is also forbidden to take any ministerial part (e.g., as a reader if a layperson or as a deacon or priest if a clergyman) in the celebration of the Eucharist or of any other ceremony of public worship. These are the only effects for those who have incurred a latae sententiae interdict, namely, one incurred automatically at the moment of committing the offence for which canon law imposes that penalty. For instance, a priest may not refuse Communion publicly to those who are under merely automatic interdict, even if he knows that they have incurred this kind of interdict[7] - unless the cause for the interdict is known to the priest not only privately but publicly, and is persistent, in which case (though not technically by reason of the interdict) people are to be withheld Communion by force of can. 915. However, in the case of a ferendae sententiae interdict, one incurred only when imposed by a legitimate superior or declared as the sentence of an ecclesiastical court,[8] those affected are not to be admitted to Holy Communion[9] (see canon 915), and if they violate the prohibition against taking a ministerial part in celebrating the Eucharist or some other ceremony of public worship, they are to be expelled or the sacred rite suspended, unless there is a grave reason to the contrary.[6] In the same circumstances, local ordinaries and parish priests lose their right to assist validly at marriages.[10] Automatic (latae sententiae) interdict is incurred by anyone using physical violence against a bishop,[11] as also by a person who, not being an ordained priest, attempts to celebrate Mass, or who, though unable to give valid sacramental absolution, attempts to do so, or hears a sacramental confession.[12] Automatic interdict is also incurred by anyone falsely accusing a priest of soliciting sexual favours in connection with confession[13] or attempting to marry while having a perpetual vow of chastity.[14] An interdict is also the censure that canon law says should be imposed on someone who, because of some act of ecclesiastical authority or ministry publicly incites to hatred against the Holy See or the Ordinary, or who promotes or takes up office in an association that plots against the Church,[15] or who commits the crime of simony. Latae sententiae is a Latin phrase, meaning "sentence (already) passed", used in the canon law of the Catholic Church. A latae sententiae penalty is one that follows ipso facto or automatically, by force of the law itself, when a law is contravened. A penalty that binds a guilty party only after it has been imposed on the person is known as a ferendae sententiae (meaning "sentence to be passed") penalty. The 1983 Code of Canon Law, which binds Catholics of the Latin Church, inflicts latae sententiae censures for certain forbidden actions. The canon law that binds members of the eastern Catholic Churches (see Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches) does not include latae sententiae penalties. Excommunications[edit] Unless the excusing circumstances outlined in canons 1321–1330[5] exist, the Code of Canon Law imposes latae sententiae excommunication on the following: an apostate from the faith, a heretic, or a schismatic;[6] a person who throws away the consecrated Eucharistic species or takes and retains them for a sacrilegious purpose;[7] a person who uses physical force against the Pope;[8] a priest who absolves his accomplice in a sin against the commandment against adultery;[9] a bishop who ordains someone a bishop without a papal mandate, and the person who receives the ordination from him;[10] a confessor who directly violates the sacramental seal of confession;[11] a person who procures a completed abortion;[12] accomplices without whose assistance a violation of a law prescribing latae sententiae excommunication would not have been committed.[13] Legislation outside of the Code of Canon Law may also decree latae sententiae excommunication. An example is that governing papal elections, which applies it to persons who violate secrecy, or who interfere with the election by means such as simony or communicating the veto of a civil authority.[14] The ipso facto excommunication that applied before 1983 to Catholics who became members of Masonic associations was not maintained in the revised Code of Canon Law that came into force in that year. However, the Holy See has declared that membership remains forbidden and that "the faithful who enrol in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion". ————————————————————— μικροδείχνω (mikrodeíchno, “to look younger than your age”) ξαναδείχνω (xanadeíchno, “to show again”) Related terms[edit] Stem δεικ-νυ- (See δεικνύω (deiknýo, “indicate”) compounds) αναδεικνύω (anadeiknýo, “emphasise, to show off”), αναδείχνω (anadeíchno) (informal) αποδεικνύω (apodeiknýo, “prove”), αποδείχνω (apodeíchno) (informal) ανταποδεικνύω (antapodeiknýo, “disprove”) επιδεικνύω (epideiknýo, “exhibit”) υποδεικνύω (ypodeiknýo, “to indicate, to suggest”), υποδείχνω (ypodeíchno) (informal) Stem δεικτ- αναπόδεικτος (anapódeiktos, “unproven”), αναπόδειχτος (anapódeichtos) αποδεικτικός (apodeiktikós, “proving”) αυταπόδεικτος (aftapódeiktos, “self-evident”) δακτυλοδεικτούμενος (daktylodeiktoúmenos), δαχτυλοδεικτούμενος (dachtylodeiktoúmenos) δείκτης m (deíktis, “indication”), δείχτης (deíchtis) & compounds δεικτικός (deiktikós, “indicating”) δυσκολοαπόδειχτος (dyskoloapódeichtos), δυσκολοαπόδεικτος (dyskoloapódeiktos) ενδεικτικός (endeiktikós) επιδεικτικός (epideiktikós) ευκολοαπόδειχτος (efkoloapódeichtos), ευκολοαπόδεικτος (efkoloapódeiktos) Stem δεικ+σ > δειξ- ``` ανάδειξη f (anádeixi, “distinction”) αντένδειξη f (anténdeixi) απόδειξη f (apódeixi, “receipt”) ένδειξη f (éndeixi, “indication”) επίδειξη f (epídeixi, “demonstration”) & related κατάδειξη f (katádeixi) υπόδειξη f (ypódeixi, “recommendation”) Stem δειγμ- ``` αποδεδειγμένος (apodedeigménos, participle) δείγμα (deígma, “sample”) & related ενδεδειγμένος (endedeigménos, participle)

Answer 377

DICTATE - PREACH TO - PONTIFICATE TO υπαγόρευση dictate, dictation προσταγή command, order, dictate, commandant διαταγή order, command, injunction, behest, mandate, dictate Verb υπαγορεύω dictate, prescribe, impose διατάσσω enjoin, order, decree, dictate, ordain, bid προστάζω dictate, command, order υπαγορεύω • (ypagorévo) (past υπαγόρευσα, passive υπαγορεύομαι) Earn dictate From (υπο-) υπ- (“under”) +‎ αγορεύω (“make formal speech”). αγορεύω • (agorévo) (past αγόρευσα, passive —) Verb make a formal speech, plead, declaim Related terms[edit] αγόρευση f (agórefsi, “speech, oration”) αγορητής m (agoritís, “orator”) αγορήτρια f (agorítria, “orator”) Compounds: αναγορεύω (anagorévo, “nominate, appoint”) απαγορεύω (apagorévo, “prohibit”) προσαγορεύω (prosagorévo, “address”) (formal) υπαγορεύω (ypagorévo, “dictate”) see: αγορά f (agorá, “market, bazaar”), αγοράζω (agorázo, “buy”) ———————————————— αγορά From αγορά • (agorá) f (plural αγορές) (historical) agora, the ancient square or marketplace, the centre of public life Η αρχαία αγορά στην Αθήνα είναι κάτω από την Ακρόπολη. I archaía agorá stin Athína eínai káto apó tin Akrópoli. The ancient agora in Athens is just under the Acropolis. marketplace, market Πάω στην αγορά να ψωνίσω. ― Páo stin agorá na psoníso. ― I am going to the market to do some shopping. purchase αγορά τοις μετρητοίς ― agorá tois metritoís ― cash purchase αγορά με δόσεις ― agorá me dóseis ― installment buying commerce, trade Οι αγορές κατέρρευσαν στο κραχ. ― Oi agorés katérrefsan sto krach. ― The markets collapsed during the crash. ελεύθερη αγορά ― eléftheri agorá ― free market αγορά εργασίας ― agorá ergasías ― labour market Synonyms (market) : μαγαζιά n (magaziá, “the shops”) (plural) (market) : παζάρι n (pazári, “market, bazaar”) (informal) αγορα- (agora-, suffix) αγοράζω (agorázo, “to buy”) αγόρευση f (agórefsi, “speech, oration”) αγορεύω (agorévo, “to make a speech”) αγορητής m (agoritís, “orator”) αγορήτρια f (agorítria, “orator”) αγοραίο n (agoraío, “taxi”) αγοραίος (agoraíos, “market, for hire, low class”) αγορανομία f (agoranomía, “market inspectorate”) αγορανομικός (agoranomikós, “market, market price”, adj) αγορανομία f (agoranomía, “market regulations”) αγορανόμος m (agoranómos, “market inspector”) αγοραπωλησία f (agorapolisía, “the transaction of a sale”) αγοραστής m (agorastís, “purchaser”) αγοράστρια f (agorástria, “purchaser”) αγοραστικός (agorastikós, “buying, purchasing”) αγοραστός (agorastós, “off-the-peg”) αγοραφοβία (agorafovía, “agoraphobia”) αγοραφοβικός (agorafovikós, “agoraphobic”) λαϊκή αγορά (laïkí agorá, “flea market”) μαύρη αγορά (mávri agorá, “black market”) ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ • (agorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓γορᾶς); first declension assembly, especially an assembly of the people (as opposed to a council, βουλή (boulḗ)) the place of assembly speech market things sold at market, provisions, supplies sale the time of market: midday ``` ᾰ̓γορᾰ́ζω (agorázō) ᾰ̓γοραῖος (agoraîos) ᾰ̓γορανόμος (agoranómos) ᾰ̓γορεύω (agoreúō) Ἀθηναγόρας (Athēnagóras) Ἀναξᾰγόρᾱς (Anaxagórās) Ἑρμαγόρας (Hermagóras) Εὐαγόρας (Euagóras) Ἰσαγόρας (Isagóras) Πνυταγόρας (Pnutagóras) Πρωταγόρας (Prōtagóras) Πῡθᾰγόρᾱς (Pūthagórās) ``` ᾰ̓γοραῖος • (agoraîos) m (feminine ᾰ̓γοραίᾱ, neuter ᾰ̓γοραῖον); first/second declension in, of, or belonging to the market quotations ▼ (of things) quotations ▼ frequenting the market quotations ▼ (of things) low, mean, common, vulgar quotations ▼ proper to the market, skilled in, suited to public speaking ᾰ̓γοραῖος • (agoraîos) m (feminine ᾰ̓γοραίᾱ, neuter ᾰ̓γοραῖον); first/second declension Adjective in, of, or belonging to the market (of things) frequenting the market (of things) low, mean, common, vulgar proper to the market, skilled in, suited to public speaking ᾰ̓γοραῖος From ἀγορά (agorá, “market”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). ``` ἀγορεύω • (agoreúō) Verb to speak in the assembly to say, speak to proclaim ``` ἀγορεύω From ἀγορᾱ́ (“assembly”) +‎ -εύω (“denominative verb-forming suffix, to be x, or do what x does”).

Answer 378

CONSECRATED LIFE Consecrated life is a state of life in the Catholic Church lived by believers who wish to follow Jesus Christ in a more exacting way. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, it "is characterized by the public profession of the evangelical counsels of poverty, chastity, and obedience, in a stable state of life recognized by the Church".[1] The Code of Canon Law defines it as "a stable form of living by which the faithful, following Christ more closely under the action of the Holy Spirit, are totally dedicated to God who is loved most of all, so that, having been dedicated by a new and special title to his honour, to the building up of the Church, and to the salvation of the world, they strive for the perfection of charity in the service of the kingdom of God and, having been made an outstanding sign in the Church, foretell the heavenly glory."[2] What makes the consecrated life a more exacting way of Christian living is the public religious vows or other sacred bonds whereby the consecrated persons commit themselves, for the love of God, to observe as binding the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty and obedience from the Gospel, or at least, in the case of consecrated virgins and widows/widowers, a vow of total chastity. The Benedictine vow as laid down in the Rule of Saint Benedict, ch. 58:17, is analogous to the more usual vow of religious institutes. Consecrated persons are not part of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, unless they are also ordained bishops, priests or deacons. In the Catholic Church, a religious profession is the solemn admission of men or women into consecrated life by means of the pronouncement of religious vows, typically the evangelical counsels. The 1983 Code of Canon Law defines the term in relation to members of religious institutes as follows: By religious profession members make a public vow to observe the three evangelical counsels. Through the ministry of the Church they are consecrated to God, and are incorporated into the institute, with the rights and duties defined by law.[1] Catholic canon law also recognizes public profession of the evangelical counsels on the part of Christians who live the eremitic or anchoritic life without being members of a religious institute: A hermit is recognized in the law as one dedicated to God in a consecrated life if he or she publicly professes the three evangelical counsels, confirmed by a vow or other sacred bond, in the hands of the diocesan bishop and observes his or her own plan of life under his direction.[2] The three evangelical counsels or counsels of perfection in Christianity are chastity, poverty (or perfect charity), and obedience.[1] As Jesus of Nazareth stated in the Canonical gospels,[2] they are counsels for those who desire to become "perfect" (τελειος, cf. Matthew 19:21, see also Strong's G5046 and Imitatio dei). The Catholic Church interprets this to mean that they are not binding upon all and hence not necessary conditions to attain eternal life (heaven). Rather they are "acts of supererogation" that exceed the minimum stipulated in the Commandments in the Bible.[3] Catholics that have made a public profession to order their life by the evangelical counsels, and confirmed this by a public religious vow before their competent church authority (the act of religious commitment called "profession"), are recognised as members of the consecrated life. There are early forms of religious vows in the Christian monastic traditions. The Rule of Saint Benedict (ch. 58.17) stipulates for its adherents what has come to be known as the "Benedictine vow", which to this day is made by the candidates joining Benedictine communities, promising "stability, conversion of manners and obedience". Religious vows in the form of the three evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty, and obedience were first made in the twelfth century by Francis of Assisi and his followers, the first of the mendicant orders. These vows are made now by the members of all Roman Catholic religious institutes founded subsequently (cf. Code of Canon Law, can. 573) and constitute the basis of their other regulations of their life and conduct. Members of religious institutes confirm their intention to observe the evangelical counsels by making a "public" vow,[4] that is, a vow that the superior of the religious institute accepts in the name of the Church.[5] Outside the consecrated life Christians are free to make a private vow to observe one or more of the evangelical counsels; but a "private" vow does not have the same binding and other effects in church law as a "public" vow and does not bestow the spiritual benefits that spiritual teachers such as Dom Columba Marmion (cf. Christ the Ideal of the Monk, ch. VI) attribute to the religious "profession". A young man in the Gospel asked what he should do to obtain eternal life, and Jesus told him to "keep the commandments", but when the young man pressed further, Christ told him: "If thou wilt be perfect, go sell what thou hast, and give to the poor".

Answer 379

HAVING REACHED ITS END - ACHEIVED ITS PURPOSE - PERFECTED - COMPLETED τέλειος • (téleios) m (feminine τέλεια, neuter τέλειο) Adjective perfect, ideal, complete τελείως (teleíos, “completely”) From τέλος (télos, “end”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of"). -ιος • (-ios) m Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin: τέλειος • (téleios) m (feminine τελείᾱ, neuter τέλειον); first/second declension τέλειος • (téleios) m or f (neuter τέλειον); second declension having reached its end, finished (of victims) complete, perfect, entire, without blemish. (of animals and humans) full-grown, adult. (of persons) absolute, complete, accomplished, perfect. (of things) (of prayers, vows, etc.) fulfilled, accomplished. (of numbers) full, complete. (in arithmetic) those numbers which are equal to the sum of their divisors. the third bowl offered to Zeus. (of the gods) perfect, omnipotent, infinite. last. (neuter substantive) a royal banquet. (feminine substantive) a full stop, period. (adverb) at last. completely, absolutely. (the neuter is also used as an adverb) τέλειος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: teleios Phonetic Spelling: (tel'-i-os) Definition: having reached its end, complete, perfect Usage: perfect, (a) complete in all its parts, (b) full grown, of full age, (c) specially of the completeness of Christian character. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 5046 téleios (an adjective, derived from 5056 /télos, "consummated goal") – mature (consummated) from going through the necessary stages to reach the end-goal, i.e. developed into a consummating completion by fulfilling the necessary process (spiritual journey). See 5056 (telos). [This root (tel-) means "reaching the end (aim)." It is well-illustrated with the old pirate's telescope, unfolding (extending out) one stage at a time to function at full-strength (capacity effectiveness).] having reached its end, i.e. complete, by ext. perfect. ``` τέλος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: telos Phonetic Spelling: (tel'-os) Definition: an end, a toll Usage: (a) an end, (b) event or issue, (c) the principal end, aim, purpose, (d) a tax. HELPS Word-studies 5056 télos (a neuter noun) – properly, consummation (the end-goal, purpose), such as closure with all its results. ``` [This root (tel-) means "reaching the end (aim)." It is well-illustrated with the old pirate's telescope, unfolding (extending out) one stage at a time to function at full-strength (capacity effectiveness).]

Answer 380

TEACH - SHOW - DEMONSTRATE - POINT OUT - PROVE ``` δείχνω • (deíchno) (past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai) ``` From Medieval Byzantine Greek δείχνω, from Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “I show”).[ αναπόδεικτος (anapódeiktos, “unproven”) μικροδείχνω (mikrodeíchno, “to look younger than your age”) ξαναδείχνω (xanadeíchno, “to show again”) Related terms[edit] Stem δεικ-νυ- (See δεικνύω (deiknýo, “indicate”) compounds) αναδεικνύω (anadeiknýo, “emphasise, to show off”) αναδείχνω (anadeíchno) (informal) αποδεικνύω (apodeiknýo, “prove”) αποδείχνω (apodeíchno) (informal) ανταποδεικνύω (antapodeiknýo, “disprove”) επιδεικνύω (epideiknýo, “exhibit”) υποδεικνύω (ypodeiknýo, “to indicate, to suggest”) υποδείχνω (ypodeíchno) (informal) Stem δεικτ- αναπόδεικτος (anapódeiktos, “unproven”) αναπόδειχτος (anapódeichtos) αποδεικτικός (apodeiktikós, “proving”) αυταπόδεικτος (aftapódeiktos, “self-evident”) δακτυλοδεικτούμενος (daktylodeiktoúmenos) δαχτυλοδεικτούμενος (dachtylodeiktoúmenos) δείκτης m (deíktis, “indication”), δείχτης (deíchtis) compounds δεικτικός (deiktikós, “indicating”) δυσκολοαπόδειχτος (dyskoloapódeichtos) δυσκολοαπόδεικτος (dyskoloapódeiktos) ενδεικτικός (endeiktikós) επιδεικτικός (epideiktikós) ευκολοαπόδειχτος (efkoloapódeichtos) ευκολοαπόδεικτος (efkoloapódeiktos) Stem δεικ+σ > δειξ- ``` ανάδειξη f (anádeixi, “distinction”) αντένδειξη f (anténdeixi) απόδειξη f (apódeixi, “receipt”) ένδειξη f (éndeixi, “indication”) επίδειξη f (epídeixi, “demonstration”) κατάδειξη f (katádeixi) υπόδειξη f (ypódeixi, “recommendation”) Stem δειγμ- ``` αποδεδειγμένος (apodedeigménos, participle) δείγμα (deígma, “sample”) ενδεδειγμένος (endedeigménos, participle) interdict (v.) c. 1300, enterditen, "to place under ban of the Church, excommunicate," from Old French entredit (Modern French interdit), past participle of entredire "forbid by decree, excommunicate," from Latin interdicere "interpose by speech, prohibit, forbid," from inter "between" + dicere "to speak, to say" from PIE root *deik- "to show," also "pronounce solemnly"). General sense "forbid, prohibit" in English is from early 15c. Related: Interdicted; interdicting; interdictory. *deik- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to show," also "pronounce solemnly," “also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects" It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit dic- "point out, show;" Greek deiknynai "to show, to prove," dike "custom, usage;" Latin dicere "speak, tell, say," digitus "finger," Old High German zeigon, German zeigen "to show," Old English teon "to accuse," tæcan "to teach." Greek deiktikos able to show, from deiktos, verbal of deiknynai to show — more at DICTION ``` δείχνω • (deíchno) (past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai) ``` from Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (“I show”). δεικνύω (“to indicate”) δεικνύω • (deiknýo) (past έδειξα) Verb Katharevousa form of δείχνω (deíchno, “to indicate, to demonstrate”) ``` δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) Verb I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) +‎ -νῡμῐ from Proto-Indo-European *-néwti. *(Ø)-néwti Forms transitive imperfective verbs from roots. -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs. Cognates Old English tǣċan (English teach). ``` tǣċan Verb to show, point out to show (someone) the way; to direct, guide to teach ``` ———————————————— παρεμπόδιση Verb απαγορεύω forbid, prohibit, ban, disallow, taboo, interdict. απαγορεύω • (apagorévo) (past απαγόρευσα/απαγόρεψα, passive απαγορεύομαι) forbid, ban, prohibit From Ancient Greek ἀπᾰγορεύω. Morphologically, from απ- (“reversal/negation”) +‎ αγορεύω (“make a speech”). From the ancient ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (marketplace, public square). απαγόρευση f (apagórefsi, “prohibition”) απαγορεύσιμος (apagoréfsimos, “able to be prohibited”) απαγορευμένος (apagorevménos, “prohibited”, participle) απαγορευτικός (apagoreftikós, “prohibiting”) Other compounds of αγορεύω (agorévo) αναγορεύω (anagorévo, “nominate, appoint”) αυτοαναγορεύομαι (aftoanagorévomai, “proclaim myself”) προσαγορεύω (prosagorévo, “address”) (formal) υπαγορεύω (ypagorévo, “dictate”) and see: αγορά f (agorá, “marketplace”)

Answer 381

COMPREHEND χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic) (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] Cognate with Latin prehendo, English get. Compare λαμβάνω (take, hold, seize, capture, grasp). λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize ———————————————- from Latin hedera (“ivy”) Noun hedera (plural hederas) (horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera. From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”) *gʰed- to find to hold Latin - *hendō (present infinitive *hendere, perfect active *hendī, supine *hēnsum); third conjugation I hold ———————————————- In logic, the comprehension of an object is the totality of intensions, that is, attributes, characters, marks, properties, or qualities, that the object possesses, or else the totality of intensions that are pertinent to the context of a given discussion. ———————————————- AXIOM ``` Axiom Schema. Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set. ``` An axiom or postulate is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments. ἀξῐ́ωμᾰ • (axíōma) n (genitive ἀξῐώμᾰτος); third declension that which is thought fit, a requisite. that which is thought worthy. that which a pupil is required to know beforehand. a self-evident principle, axiom. From ἀξιόω (“to think or deem worthy”) +‎ -μα (-instance). ᾰ̓ξῐόω • (axióō) (Attic, Ionic) to think or deem worthy (transitive) to think one worthy, either in a good or bad sense. From ἄξιος (“worthy”) +‎ -όω (factitive verb–forming suffix). (transitive) to esteem, honor. (intransitive) to value at a certain price. (transitive) to think fit, expect, require, demand that. compare Latin postulō. ——————————————- POSTULATE postulō (present infinitive postulāre, perfect active postulāvī, supine postulātum); first conjugation I demand, ask, request, desire. I pretend, claim. I prosecute, accuse, impeach, sue. (of things) I contain, measure. (of things) I need, require, call for, demand. From poscō (“beg, demand, request, desire”). poscō (present infinitive poscere, perfect active poposcī); third conjugation, no supine stem I beg, I demand, I request, I desire. Poscor aliquid. ― Something is asked of me. Poscor meum Laelapa. ― They demand of me my Laelaps. I demand for punishment, I ask the surrender of. I call someone. Ego poscor Olympo! ― It is I that Olympus summons! Ad te confugio et supplex tua numina posco. ― To you I have recourse and, as a suppliant, I call on your divine power. I ask in marriage, I demand one's hand. Filiam tuam mihi uxorem posco. ― I demand your daughter's hand in marriage. From Proto-Italic *porskō from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥(ḱ)sḱéti from *preḱ- (“to ask, ask for”) + *-sḱéti (“imperfective suffix”). ———————————————- prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehēnsum); third conjugation I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of I take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp. From prae- (“before”) +‎ *hendō (“I take, seize”) From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- Ancient Greek χανδάνω (“hold, contain”) English get. Compare praeda (“prey”) (earlier praeheda) and hedera (“ivy”). ``` hedera f (genitive hederae); first declension ivy ``` ``` Hedera From the genus name Hedera from Latin hedera (“ivy”) Noun hedera (plural hederas) (horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”) *gʰed- to find to hold Latin - *hendō (present infinitive *hendere, perfect active *hendī, supine *hēnsum); third conjugation I hold English - get get (third-person singular simple present gets, present participle getting, simple past got or (archaic) gat, past participle got or (American, Canadian, Irish, Northern English, Scottish, archaic) gotten) (ditransitive) To obtain; to acquire. compare Old English ġietan ġietan (West Saxon) to get from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“take, seize, grasp”) Middle English - ȝeten (third-person singular simple present ȝeteþ, present participle ȝetende, simple past ȝatte, past participle ȝet) To give by grant; to confer, bestow. To give something up to someone; to yield. To provide a service, e.g. counsel. To give affirmation or permission; to assent. To allow. To admit, recognize or confess something to be true; to acknowledge. (optative) May it be that...; were it that... ``` Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰewd- Root *ǵʰewd- to pour Root *ǵʰew- to pour ``` ``` χέω • (khéō) (of liquids) I pour I shed (of tears) I smelt, cast (of metal) (passive) I become liquid, melt, dissolve (of solids) I scatter, shed I throw up (of soil) I shower (of spears) I let fall, drop (passive) I am heaped up, mounded I move together, stream (perfect, passive) I am engaged, absorbed in ```

Answer 382

HIT TARGET - HAPPEN - CHANCE - COINCIDENCE - RANDOM τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō) Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be) (of events) to happen, occur [+dative = to someone] (of a person) to happen [+participle = to do something] to succeed [+participle or infinitive = at doing]; to go successfully to hit a target [+genitive] to meet someone [+genitive] to get or attain something [+genitive] ——————————————— Antonym ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νω • (hamartánō) (transitive, intransitive) to miss, miss the mark, especially of a thrown spear [+genitive = something] (transitive, intransitive) to fail at, miss one's point, go wrong in [+genitive = something] (transitive) to be deprived of, to lose [+genitive = something] (rarely transitive) to fail to do, neglect [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to fail, do wrong, err, sin reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *h₂mert- (“miss, fail”) as the ancestor of this word. ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτημᾰ • (hamártēma) n (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτήμᾰτος); third declension a failure, fault, sin a bodily defect, malady From the root of ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “I miss, fail, am deprived of (a thing), fail to do, sin”) +‎ -μα (-ma, “instance of”). ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτημᾰ • (hamártēma) n (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτήμᾰτος); third declension a failure, fault, sin a bodily defect, malady ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱ • (hamartíā) f (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) error, mistake, fault, failure (religion, philosophy) guilt, sin From the root of ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “to miss, fail”) +‎ -ίᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix). ἁμαρτωλός • (hamartōlós) m or f (neuter ἁμαρτωλόν) Adjective erroneous ἁμαρτωλός • (hamartōlós) m (genitive ἁμαρτωλοῦ) Noun sinner From ᾰ̔μαρτᾰ́νω (hamartánō, “to miss”).

Answer 383

MISS THE MARK - FAIL - ERROR - TO COMMIT A SIN Antonym ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νω • (hamartánō) (transitive, intransitive) to miss, miss the mark, especially of a thrown spear [+genitive = something] (transitive, intransitive) to fail at, miss one's point, go wrong in [+genitive = something] (transitive) to be deprived of, to lose [+genitive = something] (rarely transitive) to fail to do, neglect [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to fail, do wrong, err, sin reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *h₂mert- (“miss, fail”) as the ancestor of this word. ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτημᾰ • (hamártēma) n (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτήμᾰτος); third declension a failure, fault, sin a bodily defect, malady From the root of ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “I miss, fail, am deprived of (a thing), fail to do, sin”) +‎ -μα (-ma, “instance of”). ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτημᾰ • (hamártēma) n (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτήμᾰτος); third declension a failure, fault, sin a bodily defect, malady ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱ • (hamartíā) f (genitive ᾰ̔μᾰρτίᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) error, mistake, fault, failure (religion, philosophy) guilt, sin From the root of ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō, “to miss, fail”) +‎ -ίᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix). ἁμαρτωλός • (hamartōlós) m or f (neuter ἁμαρτωλόν) Adjective erroneous ἁμαρτωλός • (hamartōlós) m (genitive ἁμαρτωλοῦ) Noun sinner From ᾰ̔μαρτᾰ́νω (hamartánō, “to miss”).

Answer 384

SEAT OF EMOTIONS - SMOKE - CONSUMED BREATH ``` θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind ``` From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) *tʰūmós m vapour (?), breath soul, spirit ``` Etymology From *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) +‎ *-mós. Noun[edit] *dʰuh₂mós m (non-ablauting) smoke ``` *dʰewh₂- smoke mist, haze Sanskrit: धूलि (dhūli, “dust”) Irish: dúil (“desire”) ``` From Old Irish dúil. dúil f element being, creature thing ``` Derived terms dúlra (“nature”) HITTITE 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀸 • (an-tu-wa-aḫ-ḫa-aš, /antuwaḫḫaš/) c man, human being, person From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰwéh₂ōs (genitive *h₁n̥dʰuh₂sós, literally “having breath inside”) from *h₁en (“in, inside”) + *dʰweh₂- (“smoke”) + *-ōs whence also *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”) Compare with Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (“man, human”).

Answer 385

VIZIER The vizier stood between sovereign and subjects, representing the former in all matters touching the latter. The 11th-century legal theorist al-Mawardi defined two types of viziers: wazīr al-tanfīdh ("vizier of execution"), who had limited powers and served to implement the caliph's policies, and the far more powerful wazīr al-tafwīd ("vizier with delegated powers"), with authority over civil and military affairs, and enjoyed the same powers as the caliph, except in the matter of the succession or the appointment of officials. Seal of the Ottoman Grand Vizier A vizier (or wazir) (/vɪˈzɪər/, rarely /ˈvɪziər/;[1] Arabic: وزير‎ wazīr, Persian: وزیر‎ vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the Muslim world.[2] The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. The grand vizier (Persian: وزيرِ اعظم‎, romanized: vazîr-i aʾzam; Ottoman Turkish: صدر اعظم‎ sadr-ı aʾzam, Turkish: sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. The office of grand vizier was first held by officials in the Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Sokoto Empire and the Safavid Empire. In the Ottoman Empire, the grand vizier held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state; the viziers in conference were called "Kubbealtı viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealtı ('under the dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte.

Answer 386

VOID - EMPTY - VACCUM -HOLLOW - NULL & VOID - INVALID ``` Original Word: κενός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: kenos Phonetic Spelling: (ken-os') Definition: empty Usage: (a) empty, (b) met: empty (in moral content), vain, ineffective, foolish, worthless, (c) false, unreal, pretentious, hollow. ``` kenós – properly, empty, void; hence, worthless ("null"), amounting to zero (of no value, profit). 1. properly, of places, vessels, etc.,which contain nothing (Judges 7:16; Genesis 37:24) metaphorically, empty, vain; devoid of truth. metaphorically, destitute of spiritual wealth, of one who boasts of his faith as a transcendent possession, yet is without the fruits of faith. metaphorically, of endeavors, labors, acts, which result in nothing, vain, fruitless, without effect. in vain, to no purpose. things that will not succeed. κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενόν) empty Antonyms: μεστός (mestós), πλήρης (plḗrēs) vain, fruitless exhausted, void, destitute κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενό) Adjective empty, free, vacant SYNONYM άδειος • (ádeios) m (feminine άδεια, neuter άδειο) empty Το κουτί είναι άδειο ― The box is empty. αδειανός • (adeianós) m (feminine αδειανός, neuter αδειανή) Alternative form of άδειος (ádeios) αδειάζω • (adeiázo) (past άδειασα, passive —) (transitive) clear out, pour out, decant, unload Αδειάστε το περιεχόμενο στην κατσαρόλα ― Adeiáste to periechómeno stin katsaróla ― Empty contents into the pan. (intransitive) to be empty Το σχολείο αδειάζει το καλοκαίρι· τα παιδιά πάνε διακοπές. The school is empty in the summer; the children are on vacation. (colloquial) be available - Έλα να με βοηθήσεις. -Δεν αδειάζω, έχω πολλή δουλειά - Come help me! -I am not free, I have too much work [to do]. αδειάζω (adeiázo, “to empty, to decant”) άδειος (ádeios, “vacant, empty”) αδειανός (adeianós, “vacant, empty”) άδειασμα n (ádeiasma, “emptying”) formed from Ancient Greek ἄδεια (ádeia, “no fear; abundance”). αδειανός empty, void, unoccupied, vacant αναίρεση f (anaíresi, “cassation, annulment, reversal”) αναίρεση f (anaíresi, “cassation, annulment, reversal”) ———————————— NULL AND VOID άκυρος invalid, void, null and void, null, nugatory, vitiated. άκυρος • (ákyros) m (feminine άκυρη, neuter άκυρο) invalid, null and void. ``` ακυριολεξία f (akyriolexía, “misnomer”) ακυρότητα f (akyrótita, “invalidity”) ακύρωση f (akýrosi, “annulment”) ακυρώσιμος (akyrósimos, “voidable”) ακυρώνω (akyróno, “to annul”) ακυρωτικός (akyrotikós, “nullifying”) ακύρωτος (akýrotos, “unratified”) ``` ακυρότητα • (akyrótita) f (uncountable) Noun invalidity, voidness, nullity. ``` ακύρωση • (akýrosi) f (plural ακυρώσεις) Noun annulment, invalidation, cancellation punching (a ticket) vacating (of a legal opinion) ``` ———————————————- RECALL ανάκληση • (anáklisi) f (uncountable) annulment, invalidation, cancellation (diplomacy) recall (ambassador) ανακλητήριο • (anaklitírio) n (plural ανακλητήρια) (military) recall (bugle call) (diplomacy) recall ανακλητήριος (anaklitírios, “recall”, adjective) ανακλητικός • (anaklitikós) m (feminine ανακλητική, neuter ανακλητικό) Adjective revocatory, revocative, recalling. ανακλητικό • (anaklitikó) n (plural ανακλητικά) (military) the recall, a bugle call Noun (medicine, often plural) reflex ανακλητικός (anaklitikós, “revocative, revocatory”, adjective) ακυρωτικός • (akyrotikós) m (feminine ακυρωτική, neuter ακυρωτικό) Adjective invalidating, annulling, reversing. see: άκυρος (ákyros, “invalid”) ακυρώνω cancel, void, annul, scrub, nullify, abrogate

Answer 387

TO DRAW OUT - TO PUMP OUT αντλώ (antló, “to draw off, to pump”) αντλώ • (antló) (past άντλησα, passive αντλούμαι) pump, draw off (liquid) draw, find, conclude (facts from research; conclusions) From αδειάζω (adeiázo, “to empty, to decant”)

Answer 388

UNDERSTANDING - one receiving the download perception, conception, understanding, notion, comprehension

Answer 389

GRAMMAR - GRAPH ``` γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα) letter (written or printed symbol) (computing) character (plural) literature, letters Tα γράμματα και οι τέχνες. Ta grámmata kai oi téchnes. Literature and the arts (plural: informal) education, literacy Ξέρεις γράμματα; Xéreis grámmata? Can you read? (literally, “Do you know letters?”) letter (correspondence) (plural) tails (of a coin; mainly used in κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”)) ``` Synonyms (character): χαρακτήρας m (charaktíras) (literature): λογοτεχνία f (logotechnía) (communication): επιστολή f (epistolí) Related terms[edit] γραμματική f (grammatikí, “grammar”) γραμμένος (gramménos, “written”) γραμματέας m or f (grammatéas, “secretary”) κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”) and see: γραμματεία f (grammateía, “secretariat”)

Answer 390

LITERATURE λογοτεχνία • (logotechnía) f (plural λογοτεχνίες) literature (written works) literature (the study of written works) λογοτέχνης m (logotéchnis, “writer”) λογοτέχνιδα f (logotéchnida, “writer”) λογοτεχνικός (logotechnikós, “literary”)

Answer 391

EPISTLE - WRITTEN COMMUNICATION επιστολή • (epistolí) f (plural επιστολές) letter, written communication (religion) epistle missive From ἐπιστέλλω (“to send a message”) +‎ -η (-noun). ἐπῐστολή • (epistolḗ) f (genitive ἐπῐστολῆς); first declension message, letter command, commission, injunction dying command, will (legal document) ἐπῐστέλλω • (epistéllō) I send to, inform by letter/message I order, command, esp. in writing From ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + στέλλω (stéllō, “I prepare, send”). ``` Derived terms ἀντεπῐστέλλω (antepistéllō) δῐεπῐστέλλω (diepistéllō) ἐπῐστολᾱγράφος (epistolāgráphos) ἐπῐστολιᾱφόρος (epistoliāphóros) ἐπῐστολόγρᾰφος (epistológraphos) πᾰρεπῐστέλλω (parepistéllō) προσεπῐστέλλω (prosepistéllō) σῠνεπῐστέλλω (sunepistéllō) ``` ``` Related terms ἐπίστᾰλμᾰ (epístalma) ἐπίστᾰλσῐς (epístalsis) ἐπῐστᾰλτῐκός (epistaltikós) ἐπῐστολάδην (epistoládēn) ἐπῐστολεύς (epistoleús) ἐπῐστολή (epistolḗ) ``` ``` στέλλω • (stéllō) I make ready, prepare; I furnish, dress I dispatch, send; (middle, passive) I set out, journey (active intransitive in passive sense) I set forth, prepare to go I summon, fetch I gather up; I furl a sail I check, repress (medicine) I bind, make costive (middle) I restrict my diet ``` From Ancient Greek στέλλω (stéllō, “I send”). στέλνω • (stélno) (past έστειλα, passive στέλνομαι) send From Ancient Greek στέλλω (stéllō, “I send”) απεσταλμένος • (apestalménos) Participle (acting as) an emissary αποστολέας • (apostoléas) m or f (plural αποστολείς) sender, consignor, consigner Hellenistic Koine Greek ἀποστολεύς (apostoleús, “one who sends: referring to baptizing”) (ancient meaning: "a kind of magistrate"). ᾰ̓ποστολεύς • (apostoleús) m (genitive ᾰ̓ποστολέως); third declension One who dispatches (military) An Athenian magistrate who outfitted a squadron for service. From ᾰ̓πόστολος (apóstolos) +‎ -εύς (-eús). —————————- SUFFIX -εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er Synonyms[edit] (person concerned): -ειᾰ (-eia) (feminine), -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -της (-tēs), -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -ττᾰ (-tta) (feminine), -σσᾰ (-ssa) (feminine), -αινᾰ (-aina) (feminine) (agent noun): -της (-tēs), -τής (-tḗs), -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -τήρ (-tḗr), -τειρᾰ (-teira) (feminine), -τωρ (-tōr), -τρός (-trós), -τρίᾱ (-tríā) (feminine), -τρίς (-trís) (feminine) (demonym): -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -της (-tēs), -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -ῐος (-ios), -κός (-kós), -ῐκός (-ikós), -ᾱνός (-ānós) -ηνός (-ēnós), -ῖνος (-înos) Demonym A demonym or gentilic is a word used for people or the inhabitants of a place. The name of a people's language is usually the same as this word, for example, the "English" (language or people). Some places may not have a word for the people that live there. ᾰ̓ποστολεύς • (apostoleús) m (genitive ᾰ̓ποστολέως); third declension One who dispatches (military) An Athenian magistrate who outfitted a squadron for service.

Answer 392

SOCIETY - COMMUNITY - PARTICIPANT - TO SHARE IN PART - PARTNER - COMMON κοινωνία Common - general - mundane - laity - unwashed - not yet holy. by a usage foreign to classical Greek, common i. e. ordinary, belonging to the generality (Latinvulgaris); by the Jews opposed to ἅγιος ANTONYM ἅγιος Saint Holy by a usage foreign to classical Greek, common i. e. ordinary, belonging to the generality (Latinvulgaris); by the Jews opposed to ἅγιος κοινωνία • (koinonía) f (plural κοινωνίες) community σοσιαλιστική κοινωνία ― sosialistikí koinonía ― socialist community κλειστή κοινωνία ― kleistí koinonía ― closed community society, communion (a group of people with a shared culture) η κοινωνία της αφθονίας ― i koinonía tis afthonías ― the affluent society (Christianity) communion Θεία κοινωνία ― Theía koinonía ― Holy Communion κοινωνώ (koinonó, “to take communion, to give communion”) From Ancient Greek κοινωνίᾱ (koinōníā) κοινωνώ • (koinonó) (past κοινώνησα, passive —) (Christianity, transitive) receive communion, communicate, take communion (Christianity, intransitive) give communion κοινωνάω • (koinonáo) (past κοινώνησα, passive —) Alternative form of κοινωνώ (koinonó) κοινωνία f (koinonía, “society, colony, community, communion”) ``` koinónia: fellowship Original Word: κοινωνία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: koinónia Phonetic Spelling: (koy-nohn-ee'-ah) Definition: fellowship Usage: (lit: partnership) (a) contributory help, participation, (b) sharing in, communion, (c) spiritual fellowship, a fellowship in the spirit. ``` koinōnía (a feminine noun) – properly, what is shared in common as the basis of fellowship (partnership, community). the share which one has in anything, participation; with the genitive of the thing in which he shares: πνεύματος. ``` Strong's Concordance koinónos: a sharer Original Word: κοινωνός, οῦ, ὁ, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: koinónos Phonetic Spelling: (koy-no-nos') Definition: a sharer Usage: a sharer, partner, companion. ``` Cognate: 2844 koinōnós (a masculine noun/substantival adjective) – properly, a participant who mutually belongs and shares fellowship; a "joint-participant." See 2842 (koinōnia). [2842 /koinōnía (a feminine noun) stresses the relational aspect of the fellowship. 2844 /koinōnós (a masculine noun) more directly focuses on the participant himself (herself). 2844 (koinōnos) is also used as a substantival adjective, as with the classical Greek authors, see J. Thayer.] partaker (1), partakers (1), partner (2), partners (2), sharers (4). ``` Strong's Concordance koinos: common Original Word: κοινός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: koinos Phonetic Spelling: (koy-nos') Definition: common Usage: (a) common, shared, (b) Hebraistic use: profane; dirty, unclean, unwashed. ``` 2839 koinós – properly, common, referring to what is defiled (stripped of specialness) because treated as ordinary ("common"). 2839 /koinós ("defiled") describes the result of a person reducing what God calls special (holy, set apart) – to what is mundane, i.e. stripping it of its sacredness. 2839 /koinós ("defiled because treated as common") is always used negatively, i.e. for what is profaned – except in Jude 1:3 where it refers to the gift of salvation shared (held in common) by all true believers. [2839 /koinós ("common") typically refers to spiritual desecration. This happens when a person treats what is sacred (set apart to God) as ordinary ("not special").]

Answer 393

ORDINARY - CUSTOMARY - ETHOS From συν- (“with”) +‎ ἦθος (“custom”) +‎ -ης (-proper noun). σῠνήθης • (sunḗthēs) m or f (neuter σῠ́νηθες); third declension (of people) habituated, accustomed, used to (of things) usual, customary. From σύν sun: with, together with (expresses association with) Original Word: σύν Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: sun Phonetic Spelling: (soon) Definition: with, together with (expresses association with) Usage: with. HELPS Word-studies 4862 sýn (a primitive preposition, having no known etymology) – properly, identified with, joined close-together in tight identification; with (= closely identified together). ἦθος • (êthos) n (genitive ἤθους); third declension character custom, habit Expanded form of ἔθος (éthos). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā, “habit, custom”). ἔθος • (éthos) n (genitive ἔθους or ἔθεος); third declension habit, custom, manner disposition, temper habitually, customarily (in dative) From ἔθω (éthō). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā, “habit, custom”). ἔθω • (éthō) (with infinitive) I am accustomed, wont to do something. 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, Hist. 2.45.1: τὸν γὰρ οὐκ ὄντα ἅπας εἴωθεν ἐπαινεῖν tòn gàr ouk ónta hápas eíōthen epaineîn everybody is wont to praise the deceased 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, Hist. 3.1.2: καὶ προσβολαί͵ ὥσπερ εἰώθεσαν͵ ἐγίγνοντο τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππέων kaì prosbolaí͵ hṓsper eiṓthesan͵ egígnonto tôn Athēnaíōn hippéōn the Athenian cavalry as usual attacked them. From Proto-Indo-European *swe-dʰh₁-, from the reflexive pronoun *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), equivalent to οὗ (hoû, “him”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to set”): thus the original sense is to "set as one's own". Cognates include Latin suēscō, soleō, Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (sidus). ———————————————— LATIN soleō (present infinitive solēre, perfect active soluī or solitus sum, supine solitum); second conjugation, optionally semi-deponent, no imperative, no future I am accustomed, used to, in the habit of I tend to Cognate with suēscō (“to become used to”) and sodālis (“close companion”). reflexive pronoun Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), thus the original sense to "set as one's own". suēscō (present infinitive suēscere, perfect active suēvī, supine suētum); third conjugation (intransitive, rare, poetic) I become used or accustomed to (transitive, rare, post-classical) I accustom, habituate, train Cognate with soleō, sodālis, Ancient Greek ἔθω (éthō), εἴωθα (eíōtha), ἔθνος (éthnos), ἔθος (éthos), ἦθος (êthos), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā) sodālis m (genitive sodālis); third declension companion, mate, fellow, intimate, comrade, crony accomplice, conspirator From earlier suodālis, from suesco (“I am used to”) with the suffix -ālis. Compare Ancient Greek ἧλιξ (hêlix). ἧλῐξ • (hêlix) m or f (neuter —); third declension of the same age (substantive) fellow, comrade. From Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”) and perhaps *h₂el- (“to grow”). Compare Latin sodālis. See also ἡλῐ́κος (hēlíkos) and Latin aequālis. ἡλῐ́κος • (hēlíkos) m (feminine ἡλῐ́κη, neuter ἡλῐ́κον); first/second declension Adjective (relative adjective) as big or great as, as old as (indirect interrogative adjective) how big; extraordinarily big or small (exclamatory adjective) how big! From Proto-Indo-European *yós, like the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós), + the same suffix as Latin tālis (“such”) and quālis (“[such] as”) +‎ -κός (-kós, adjective suffix). SUFFIX -κός • (-kós) m (feminine -κή, neuter -κόν); first/second declension forms adjectives with the sense of 'of or pertaining to', 'in the manner of' Note: This suffix survives in inherited forms and became productive through its derivations (cf. infra) by metanalysis. -ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic Etymology From -κός (-kós) with an added ι from i-stems such as φυσι-κός (phusi-kós, “natural”), through the same process by which -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs) developed from -της (-tēs), occurring in some original case and later used freely. Cognate with Latin -icus and Proto-Germanic *-igaz, from which came Old English -iġ (English -y)

Answer 394

CHARACTER character (n.) mid-14c., carecter, "symbol marked or branded on the body;" mid-15c., "symbol or drawing used in sorcery;" late 15c., "alphabetic letter, graphic symbol standing for a sound or syllable;" from Old French caratere "feature, character" (13c., Modern French caractère), from Latin character, from Greek kharaktēr "engraved mark," also "symbol or imprint on the soul," properly "instrument for marking," from kharassein "to engrave," from kharax "pointed stake," a word of uncertain etymology which Beekes considers "most probably Pre-Greek." The Latin ch- spelling was restored from 1500s. The meaning of Greek kharaktēr was extended in Hellenistic times by metaphor to "a defining quality, individual feature." In English, the meaning "sum of qualities that define a person or thing and distinguish it from another" is from 1640s. That of "moral qualities assigned to a person by repute" is from 1712. You remember Eponina, who kept her husband alive in an underground cavern so devotedly and heroically? The force of character she showed in keeping up his spirits would have been used to hide a lover from her husband if they had been living quietly in Rome. Strong characters need strong nourishment. [Stendhal "de l'Amour," 1822] Sense of "person in a play or novel" is first attested 1660s, in reference to the "defining qualities" he or she is given by the author. Meaning "a person" in the abstract is from 1749; especially "eccentric person" (1773). Colloquial sense of "chap, fellow" is from 1931. Character-actor, one who specializes in characters with marked peculiarities, is attested from 1861; character-assassination is from 1888; character-building (n.) from 1886. Related entries & more χαρακτήρας • (charaktíras) m (plural χαρακτήρες) character (the qualities which identify a person) (psychology) character (a person's behaviours which identify them) (typography) character, letter, symbol χαρακτήρες m pl (charaktíres, “italics, italic characters”) χαρακτήρων f (charaktíron, “character encoding”) ``` characteristic adjective ("pertaining to or indicating character") and noun ("a distinctive trait; that which gives or indicates character") both first attested 1660s, from character + -istic on model of Greek kharaktēristikos. Earlier in the adjectival sense was characteristical (1620s). Related: Characteristically (1640s). Characteristics "distinctive traits" also attested from 1660s. ``` characterize (v.) 1590s, "to engrave, write," back-formation from characterization, or else from Medieval Latin characterizare, from Greek kharaktērizein "to designate by a characteristic mark," from kharaktēr (see character). Meaning "to describe the qualities of" is recorded from 1630s; sense of "to be characteristic of" is from 1744; that of "impart a special stamp or character to" is from 1807. Related: Characterized; characterizing. characterization (n.) 1560s, "marking out of a precise form" (now obsolete); see characterize + noun ending -ation. Meaning "description of essential features, portrayal in words" is from 1814.

Answer 395

ENLIGHTENMENT διαφώτιση noun enlightenment

Answer 396

EXPERIENCE ``` πείρα Practice Knack for something Learn by doing. Learned skill by repetition of practice. ``` εμπειρία • (empeiría) f (plural εμπειρίες) experience (knowledge or skill gained by practice) από την προσωπική του εμπειρία ― apó tin prosopikí tou empeiría ― from personal experience. έμπειρος (émpeiros, “experienced”, adjective) πείρα f (peíra, “experience in job etc”) χωρίς πείρα - adjective without experience, unskilled έχω πείρα - verb I have experience, know πείρα του κόσμου - noun kósmou sophistication λαμβάνω πείρα - verb experience από προσωπική πείρα - adjective from personal experience, firsthand. ——————————- From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin experientia (“a trial, proof, experiment, experimental knowledge, experience”), from experiens, present participle of experiri (“to try, put to the test, undertake, undergo”), from ex (“out”) + peritus (“experienced, expert”), past participle of *periri (“to go through”); see expert and peril.

Answer 397

SUGGEST - ADVISE - PROPOSE Etymology From Ancient Greek προτείνω (proteínō, “put forward, propose”). Verb προτείνω • (proteíno) (past πρότεινα, passive προτείνομαι) suggest, propose propose, nominate (archaic) stretch forth

Answer 398

SYSTEM σύστημᾰ • (sústēma) n (genitive συστήμᾰτος); third declension a whole made of several parts or members. an organized government, confederacy a body of soldiers, corps flock, herd college of priests or magistrates (music) the combination of several tones the combination of several verses into a whole composition the accumulation of sediment machine, apparatus. From σῠνῐ́στημῐ (“I place together, associate, unite”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). ``` σῠνίστημῐ • (sunístēmi) to combine, unite to put together, organize to join, engage with (in a fight, in battle) to form a league or union, band together to place in charge of. ``` συν- (together/with-) +‎ ἵστημι (hístēmi) σῠν- • (sun-) with, together, co-, syn- indicates completeness ——————————- ``` ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi) (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) to make to stand, to stand, set to stop, stay, check to set up to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up to set up, appoint to establish, institute to place in the balance, weigh (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect) to stand to stand still (figuratively) to stand firm to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up (generally) to arise, begin (in marking time) to be to be appointed ``` From Proto-Hellenic *hístāmi, from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, the reduplicated present of *steh₂-. Cognate with Old English standan (English stand), Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root √sthā), Latin sistō, Old Armenian ստանամ (stanam), Persian ایستادن‎ (istādan). ——————————- αναπαραγωγικό σύστημα n (anaparagogikó sýstima, “reproductive system”) δεκαδικό σύστημα n (dekadikó sýstima, “decimal system”) διεθνές σύστημα μονάδων n (diethnés sýstima monádon, “International System of Units”) Εθνικό Σύστημα Υγείας n (Ethnikó Sýstima Ygeías, “National Health Service”) ηλιακό σύστημα n (iliakó sýstima, “solar system”) λειτουργικό σύστημα n (leitourgikó sýstima, “operating system”)

Answer 399

OPERATION - LITURGY λειτουργία • (leitourgía) f (plural λειτουργίες) Noun (religion) liturgy function (manner of operation) From Ancient Greek λειτ- from λαός (“people”) + -ουργός from ἔργον (“work”). from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Cognates include Old English weorc (English work), wérǵom n (non-ablauting) work *werǵ- Root to make Ancient Greek: ἔρδω (érdō, “I do”) Ancient Greek: ῥέζω (rhézō, “I do”) *wreǵ-ye- with secondary e-grade) ἔργον • (érgon) n (genitive ἔργου); second declension deed, doing, action labour, work, task. English: work Sustained effort to achieve a goal or result, especially overcoming obstacles. Effort expended on a particular task. (physics) A measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance. No work is done if the object does not move. ``` λειτουργία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: leitourgia Phonetic Spelling: (li-toorg-ee'-ah) Definition: a service, a ministry Usage: a charitable gift, public service in the widest sense; service as of priest or Levite ritual. ``` Cognate: 3009 leitourgía(a feminine noun derived from 3011 /leitourgós, "an official servant," "sacred ministering") – properly, official (technical) service offered by a duly authorized minister; used of believers ministering to the Lord as His duly-commissioned priests – a sacred ministering that always serves (impacts) those who witness it. 3009 /leitourgía ("sacred ministry to the Lord") is the root of the English term "liturgy" and used metaphorically in the NT of the liturgy of life, i.e. when the believer lives in faith ("the Lord's inwrought persuasions," 4102 /pístis). [Originally, 3009 (leitourgía) was service done by someone in an honorary religious or civic office, leaving a significant impact on the community. 3009 /leitourgía ("sacred ministry, service") later focuses on priestly, Levitical ministration.]

Answer 400

COURSE - COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".[1] It encompasses many aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as attention, the formation of knowledge, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and "computation", problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language. Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and generate new knowledge. The word cognition comes from the Latin verb cognosco (con, 'with', and gnōscō, 'know'; itself a cognate of the Greek verb γι(γ)νώσκω, gi(g)nόsko, meaning 'I know, perceive'),[3] meaning 'to conceptualize' or 'to recognize'.

Answer 401

BASE OF KNOWLEDGE

Answer 402

SUBJECT / OBJECT ``` αντικείμενο • (antikeímeno) n (plural αντικείμενα) object, subject (a physical thing) (grammar) object (of sentence) object (of desire, or affection, etc) (computing) object (of object-oriented) ``` αντικειμενικός • (antikeimenikós) m (feminine αντικειμενική, neuter αντικειμενικό) objective (grammar) relating to the object of a sentence. From αντικείμενο (“object”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós). ``` αντικείμενο • (antikeímeno) n (plural αντικείμενα) object, subject (a physical thing) (grammar) object (of sentence) object (of desire, or affection, etc) (computing) object (of object-oriented) ``` υποκείμενο n (ypokeímeno, “subject of sentence”) υποκείμενο • (ypokeímeno) n (plural υποκείμενα) Noun (grammar) subject Το υποκείμενο του ρήματος βρίσκεται πάντα σε ονομαστική πτώση! The subject of the verb is always in the nominative case! ὑποκείμενον • (hupokeímenon) Participle masculine accusative singular of ὑποκείμενος (hupokeímenos), present middle/passive participle of ὑπόκειμαι (hupókeimai) neuter nominative singular of ὑποκείμενος (hupokeímenos) neuter accusative singular of ὑποκείμενος (hupokeímenos) neuter vocative singular of ὑποκείμενος (hupokeímenos) ῠ̔πόκειμαι • (hupókeimai) to lie under (of places) to lie below (various metaphoric senses) to be put under the eyes, to be submitted or proposed to one to be laid down as a ground of argument, to be assumed as a hypothesis to be suggested to be left at bottom, left remaining, reserved to be subject, to submit to, to bow down before, be submissive to be subject to, liable to to be left behind in pledge, to be pledged, mortgaged (philosophy) to underlie in thought (logic) to be subject or subordinate to (adjectival use) the subject matter (participle, τὸ ὑποκείμενον) the subject or a proposition (the predicate being τὸ κατηγορούμενον (tò katēgoroúmenon)) (grammar) the present tense. From ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ κεῖμαι (keîmai, “lie”) ``` κεῖμαι • (keîmai) to lie, lie outstretched to lie asleep, repose, lie idle, lie still to lie sick or wounded, lie in misery to lie dead to lie neglected, uncared for, unburied (of wrestlers) to have a fall (of places) to lie, be situated (of things) to lie in a place to be laid up, be in store (of goods, property, etc.) to be set up, proposed (of laws) to be laid down (of arguments) to be laid down (of names) to be given (figuratively) to be in the power of to be in such a manner to be to settle down, deposit a sediment (grammar, of words and phrases) to be found, to occur ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ḱéytor, from *ḱey- (“to lie down”). ``` κοίτη • (koítē) f (genitive κοίτης); first declension bed, resting place Synonyms: εὐνή (eunḗ), κλίνη (klínē), κράββατος (krábbatos) (geography) riverbed lair of a wild beast pen, fold for cattle act of going to bed; bedtime lodging, entertainment. ``` κοίτη • (koíti) f (plural κοίτες) river bed (archaic, very rare, law) bed (used only in legal expression:)[1] χωρισμός από τραπέζης και κοίτης chorismós apó trapézis kai koítis lit.: "separation of table and bed". Legal separation. κλῑ́νη • (klī́nē) f (genitive κλῑ́νης); first declension bed, couch From κλῑ́νω (klī́nō) +‎ -η (-ē). ``` κλῑ́νω • (klī́nō) to bend, slant to cause to give way, cause to retreat to lean, prop something on another to turn aside to decline, wane to seat, cause to lie down (grammar) to inflect, decline, conjugate (passive) to lean, be sloping (passive) to wander, stray ``` ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-. Cognates include Sanskrit श्रयति (śrayati) and Latin clīnō. Root *ḱley- to shelter, cover. *ḱley- to lean, slope, incline ``` κλῐ́μᾰ • (klíma) n (genitive κλῐ́μᾰτος); third declension Noun a slope, inclination the supposed slope of the earth from the equator to the pole; (terrestrial) latitude a region, zone or belt of the earth; a clime. From κλῐ́νω (klínō, “to slope, incline”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). κλίμα • (klíma) n (plural κλίματα) (meteorology) climate (figuratively) atmosphere, mood (religion) see, the district or area covered by a Greek Orthodox patriarchate English: climate κλῖμᾰξ • (klîmax) f (genitive κλῑ́μᾰκος); third declension ladder staircase torture instrument shaped like a ladder a certain wrestling move (rhetoric) climax the blocks of wood placed above the wheels of a chariot κλῑμᾰκτήρ • (klīmaktḗr) m (genitive κλῑμᾰκτῆρος); third declension rung of a ladder (astrology) critical point in human life From κλῖμαξ (klîmax) +‎ -τήρ (-tḗr). ``` κλῑμᾰ́κιον (klīmákion) κλῑμᾰκῐ́ς (klīmakís) κλῑμᾰκῐ́ζω (klīmakízō) κλῑμᾰκοειδής (klīmakoeidḗs) κλῑμᾰκόεις (klīmakóeis) κλῑμᾰκοφόρος (klīmakophóros) κλῑμᾰκτήρ (klīmaktḗr) κλῑμᾰκώδης (klīmakṓdēs) κλῑμᾰκωτός (klīmakōtós) ``` SUFFIX -τήρ • (-tḗr) m (genitive -τῆρος); third declension Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns ‎δίδωμι (dídōmi, “(δω-, weak stem δο- to give”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎δωτήρ, δοτήρ (dōtḗr, dotḗr, “a giver”) ‎καθίημι (kathíēmi, “to let down, descend”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎καθετήρ (kathetḗr, “anything let down into”) ‎κλύζω (klúzō, “to wash, cleanse”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎κλυστήρ (klustḗr, “a clyster-pipe, syringe”) ‎ἵστημι (hístēmi, “(weak stem στα- to stand”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎στατήρ (statḗr, “a weight”) ‎χαράσσω (kharássō, “(χαράκ-j- to engrave”) + ‎-τήρ (-tḗr) → ‎χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “an engraver”) -η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine) Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun. Added to o-grade of the verbal stem ‎τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”) Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem ‎φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”) ‎τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”) Added to e-grade of the verbal stem ‎στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎στέγη (stégē, “roof”) SYNONYM ————————- Usage notes[edit] κλιμένος (kliménos, “inflected”, participle) (grammar) κεκλιμένος (kekliménos, “sloping”, participle) (formal) Related terms[edit] Verbs -and see their derivatives- αποκλίνω (apoklíno, “to lean over, to diverge”) εγκλίνω (egklíno, “be enclitic”) (grammar) κατακλίνομαι (kataklínomai, “lie on bed”) (formal) παρεκκλίνω (parekklíno, “deviate”) συγκλίνω (sygklíno, “converge”) υποκλίνομαι (ypoklínomai, “bow”) Other ακλισία f (aklisía) άκλιτος (áklitos, “uninflected”) αμφικλινής (amfiklinís, “sloping on two sides”) ανάκλιντρο n (anáklintro) απαρέγκλιτος (aparégklitos, “unswerving”) αρχαιόκλιτος (archaióklitos, “inflected in the ancient fashion”) γονυκλινής (gonyklinís) γονυκλισία f (gonyklisía, “genuflection”) δίκλινος (díklinos, “double -room-”) επικλινής (epiklinís, “sloping”) ετερόκλιτος (eteróklitos, “by different declension”) (gramamar) (not ετερόκλητος (eteróklitos) ιδιόκλιτος (idióklitos, “of special inflection”) κεκλιμένος (kekliménos, “sloping”, participle) κλίμα n (klíma, “climate”) & related κλίμακα f (klímaka, “scale, stairs”) & related κλίνη f (klíni, “bed”) (formal) κλινήρης (kliníris, “bedridden”) κλινική f (klinikí, “clinic”) κλινοσκέπασμα n (klinosképasma) κλίση f (klísi, “leaning, inclination; inflection”) κλισίμετρο n (klisímetro, “clinometer”) κλιτικός (klitikós, “clitic”) (grammar) κλίτος n (klítos, “side, part -of temple-”) (architecture) κλιτός (klitós, “declinable”) (not to be confused with κλητός (klitós, “invited, summoned”) or κλυτός (klutós, “renowned”)) μονόκλινος (monóklinos, “single -room-”) μονόκλιτος (monóklitos, “with one κλίτος”) πολυκλινική f (polyklinikí) προκλιτικός (proklitikós, “proclitic”) (grammar) πρωτόκλιτος (protóklitos, “of 1st declension”) (not πρωτόκλητος (protóklitos)) τετράκλινος (tetráklinos, “four bed -room-”) τρίκλινος (tríklinos, “three bed -room-”) τρίκλιτος (tríklitos) ——————————————- πρόκειμαι • (prókeimai) to be set before, to lie before to precede προ- (pro-) +‎ κεῖμαι (keîmai)

Answer 403

GENUFLECT genuflect (third-person singular simple present genuflects, present participle genuflecting, simple past and past participle genuflected) (intransitive, archaic) To bend the knee, as in servitude. (intransitive) To briefly touch one knee to the ground, typically associated with religious worship. (intransitive, figuratively) To behave in a servile manner; to grovel. From around 1620–1630 from Medieval Latin genūflectō (“I bend the knee”) equivalent to the Latin genū (“knee”) + flectō (“to bend”). From genū (“knee”) + flectō (“bend”), literally meaning "I bend the knee".

Answer 404

EAGER - WILLING πρόθῡμος • (próthūmos) m or f (neuter πρόθῡμον); second declension Adjective eager, willing προ- (pro-) +‎ θῡμός (thūmós, “spirit”) ``` θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind ``` From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). धूम • (dhūmá) m smoke, vapor, mist (RV. etc.) smoke as a sternutatory (in 5 forms): a place prepared for the building of a house (Jyot.) a place prepared for the building of a house wheat (L.) a kind of incense (L.) saint from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension smoke, steam indication, sign fumus boni iuris ― sign of good law‎ Cognates include Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós) Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) and Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ) English dust. From Middle English dust, doust, from Old English dūst (“dust, dried earth reduced to powder; other dry material reduced to powder”), from the fusion of Proto-Germanic *dustą (“dust”) and *dunstą (“mist, dust, evaporation”), both from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). *dʰuh₂mós m (non-ablauting) (“smoke”) Sometimes also reconstructed as *dʰuHmós. The reconstruction of root-final laryngeal *h₂ is based on Hittite 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒀪𒄩𒀸 (antuwaḫḫaš, “human”) and [script needed] (tuḫḫae-, “to produce smoke”). *dʰewh₂- smoke mist, haze ``` Sanskrit: धूलि (dhūli, “dust”) धूम • (dhūmá) m smoke, vapor, mist (RV. etc.) smoke as a sternutatory (in 5 forms): 1. a place prepared for the building of a house 2. a place prepared for the building of a house 3. wheat 4. a kind of incense 5. saint ``` Lithuanian: dúlis (“mist”) Germanic: *daumaz (“vapour, mist”) Lithuanian: dúlis (“mist”) Ancient Greek: ?θύω (thúō) ``` θῡ́ω • (thū́ō) I offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate I kill, slaughter (in a general sense) (middle) I cause to be sacrificed I consult (of oracles, prophets, etc) I celebrate ``` suffiō (present infinitive suffīre, perfect active suffīvī or suffiī, supine suffītum); fourth conjugation I fumigate, perfume, scent. From sub- (“under, within”) +‎ *fiō likely cognate with Ancient Greek θύω (thúō) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) whence also fūmus (“smoke, steam”) and fūlīgō (“soot”) Reconstruction:Latin/ *fiō *fiō (present infinitive *fīre) (Vulgar Latin, Eastern Romance and Italy) (“I am”) θῠτήρ • (thutḗr) m (genitive θῠτῆρος); third declension (“sacrificer, slayer”) From θύω (thúō, “to sacrifice, slay”) +‎ -τήρ (-tḗr). Hittite - tuhhae, (“pant, sigh”). Latin - fūlīgō f (genitive fūlīginis); third declension (“soot, lampblack”) ———————————————— Latin - furō (present infinitive furere, perfect active furuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I rave or rage ``` Erinyes (singular Erinys) (Greek mythology) The goddesses of vengeance; they were also known to accompany Nemesis. Their Roman counterparts were the Dirae. Synonym: Furies Hyponyms: Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone Coordinate term: Dirae ``` Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῑνύες (Erīnúes, literally “Avengers”), Furies. Ἐρῑνῡ́ς • (Erīnū́s) f (genitive Ἐρινύος); third declension one of the Erinyes; an Erinys. Used to calque Greek Ἐρινύς (Erinús), spirits of punishment in mythology. Proposed origins include Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”). From Latin fūr, from Proto-Italic *fōr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰṓr, derived from the root *bʰer- (“to carry”). Italic: *fūmos

Answer 405

INFORM - NOTIFY ειδοποιώ • (eidopoió) (past ειδοποίησα, passive ειδοποιούμαι) notify, inform ειδοποιός • (eidopoiós) m (feminine ειδοποιός, neuter ειδοποιό) Adjective specific distinguishing (separates one species from another) ειδοποιός διαφορά ― specific difference

Answer 406

DIFFER - DIFFERENT - DIFFERENCE δῐᾰφορᾱ́ • (diaphorā́) f (genitive δῐᾰφορᾶς); first declension difference discord, disagreement From διαφέρω (diaphérō, “to differ”) +‎ -η (-ē). διαφορά f (diaforá, “difference, dispute”) ``` διαφορά • (diaforá) f (plural διαφορές) difference (in characteristics, position, etc) difference (the result of subtraction) dispute, difference (of opinion, etc) (law) dispute ``` διαφέρω • (diaféro) (past διέφερα) differ, be different, vary διαφέρω • (diaféro) (past διέφερα) differ, be different, vary ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎φωνέω (phōnéō) → ‎διαφωνέω (diaphōnéō, “be dissonant, disagree”) of mutual relation: one with another. ενδιαφέρω • (endiaféro) (imperfect ενδιέφερα, past ενδιέφερα, passive ενδιαφέρομαι) (transitive) interest Μεενδιαφέρουν τα μαθηματικά. ― Meendiaféroun ta mathimatiká. ― Mathematics interest me. εν- (en-) +‎ διαφέρω (diaféro), a calque of French intéresser. Related terms διαφορετικός (diaforetikós, “different”) διαφωνώ (diafonó, “to disagree, to differ”) διαφορά δυναμικού f (diaforá dynamikoú, “potential difference, voltage”) SYNONYM άμοιαστος • (ámoiastos) m (feminine άμοιαστη, neuter άμοιαστο) unlike, unalike, different, dissimilar. διαφωνώ • (diafonó) (past διαφώνησα, passive —) disagree Διαφωνήσαμε σ'αυτό. ― We disagreed about it. ———————————— PREFIX δῐᾰ- • (dia-) through, right through, across, over ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎βαίνω (baínō) → ‎διαβαίνω (diabaínō, “step across, pass over”) in different directions ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎πέμπω (pémpō) → ‎διαπέμπω (diapémpō, “send off in different directions, send to and fro”) of separation: asunder, apart ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎σκεδάννυμι (skedánnumi) → ‎διασκεδάννυμι (diaskedánnumi, “scatter, disperse”) at variance ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎φωνέω (phōnéō) → ‎διαφωνέω (diaphōnéō, “be dissonant, disagree”) of mutual relation: one with another ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai) → ‎διαγωνίζομαι (diagōnízomai, “contend, struggle against”) ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎ᾄδω (ā́idō) → ‎διᾴδω (diā́idō, “contend in singing”) of preeminence ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎πρέπω (prépō) → ‎διαπρέπω (diaprépō, “appear prominent, strike the eye”) of completion: to the end, utterly, out ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎μάχομαι (mákhomai) → ‎διαμάχομαι (diamákhomai, “fight it out”) to add strength: thoroughly, out and out ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎γαληνίζω (galēnízō) → ‎διαγαληνίζω (diagalēnízō, “make quite calm”) of mixture: between, partly, somewhat ‎δια- (dia-) + ‎λευκός (leukós) → ‎διάλευκος (diáleukos, “somewhat white”)

Answer 407

CARRY - BEAR φέρω • (féro) (past έφερα, passive φέρομαι) bear, carry (decoration, injuries, scars) (passive) → see φέρομαι (féromai) "I behave" from Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō) from Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. φέρω • (phérō) I bring, bear, carry Alternative forms φέρνω (férno, “to carry something a distance”) *bʰer- (imperfective) to bear, carry ``` φορά • (phorá) f (genitive φορᾶς) From φέρω (“to bring, bear, carry”) +‎ -η (-abstract noun). an act (from the active voice) carrying gestation bringing in of money, payment bringing forth, productiveness (from the passive voice) being borne or carried along, motion rapid motion, rush (of persons) impulse; tendency; line of thought or action time, occasion (as a thing) that which is borne load, freight, burden rent, tribute that which is brought forth, fruit, produce, crop. ``` ``` φορά • (forá) f (plural φορές) time (instance or occurrence) την πρώτη φορά ― the first time (mathematics) times πέντε φορές ― five times speed, impetus ``` See also χρόνος m (chrónos) (time, tense, year) περίοδος f (períodos) (time, period, season) Slavic: *berďa (“pregnant”) Latin: fortūna fortūna f (genitive fortūnae); first declension fortune, luck good fortune; misfortune (depending on context) destiny, fate prosperity (in the plural) possessions From fors (“chance, luck”). From Latin fortūna, from fōrs (“chance, luck”) φουρτούνα • (fourtoúna) f (plural φουρτούνες) (meteorology, sea) rough sea, storm, tempest, squall chain of unexpected and unpleasant events ———————————————- ἐπιφέρω • (epiphérō) to bestow, put, lay upon From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ φέρω (phérō, “to bring, bear, carry”). καταφέρω • (kataféro) (past κατέφερα, passive καταφέρομαι) (formal) land (a blow) (figuratively) inflict, attack and see καταφέρομαι (kataféromai) I accuse καταφέρνω (kataférno, “sense: inflict a blow”) compare with: καταφέρνω (kataférno, “sense: accomplish”) καταφέρνω • (kataférno) (past κατάφερα, passive —) & passive for sense "inflict a blow": καταφέρνομαι (sense: accomplish) accomplish, succeed persuade, win over, convince (colloquial) Synonym of καταφέρω (kataféro) "inflict a blow" compare with: καταφέρω (kataféro, “to land a blow”), καταφέρομαι (kataféromai, “I strongly accuse”) and see: φέρω (féro, “bear, carry”) μεταφέρω • (metaphérō) Metaphor to carry over, transfer to change, alter (rhetoric) to transfer a word to a new sense, use it in a changed sense, employ a metaphor from Ancient Greek μεταφέρω (metaphérō). Synchronically analysable as μετα- (suffix for movement) +‎ φέρω (“carry”). From μετα- (meta-, indicating change) +‎ φέρω (phérō, “bear, carry”) μεταφέρω • (metaféro) (imperfect μετέφερα, past μετέφερα, passive μεταφέρομαι) past: μεταφέρθηκα transfer Etymology From Middle French métaphore, from Latin metaphora, from Ancient Greek μεταφορά (metaphorá), from μεταφέρω (metaphérō, “I transfer, apply”), from μετά (metá, “with, across, after”) + φέρω (phérō, “I bear, carry”) (uncountable and countable, rhetoric) The use of a word or phrase to refer to something that it is not, invoking a direct similarity between the word or phrase used and the thing described (but in the case of English without the words like or as, since use of those words would imply a simile); the word or phrase used in this way; an implied comparison. Synchronically analysable as μετα- (suffix for movement) +‎ φέρω (“carry”). Related terms αερομεταφερόμενος (aerometaferómenos, “airborne”) αερομεταφορά f (aerometaforá, “air transport”) αερομεταφορέας m (aerometaforéas, “air carrier”) μεταφορά f (metaforá, “transport; metaphor”) μεταφορέας m (metaforéas, “carrier, transporter”) μεταφορικά (metaforiká, “figuratively”, adverb) μεταφορικός (metaforikós, “transferring; figurative”) μεταφερόμενος (metaferómenos, “who is being transferred”, passive present participle) μεταφερμένος (metaferménos, “transferred”, passive perfect participle) προσφέρω • (prosféro) (past προσέφερα/πρόσφερα, passive προσφέρομαι) offer, propose give, present Synchronically analysable as προσ- (to) +‎ φέρω (“carry”). προσφορά • (prosforá) f (plural προσφορές) (“offer, offering”) (commerce) proposal, tender contribution (to joint work) (Christianity) prosphora, holy bread προσφορᾱ́ • (prosphorā́) f (genitive προσφορᾶς); first declension (“offering”) From προσφέρω (prosphérō, “to bring, present, offer”) +‎ -η (-ē). Φερενῑ́κη • (Pherenī́kē) f (genitive Φερενῑ́κης); first declension A female given name From φέρω (phérō) +‎ νῑ́κη (nī́kē), literally "bringer of victory". νῑ́κη • (nī́kē) f (genitive νῑ́κης); first declension the act of winning: victory, success [+genitive = over, in something] things won in victory, fruits of victory. ``` Derived terms[edit] Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníkē) νῑκαῖος (nīkaîos) νῑκάω (nīkáō) νῑκήεις (nīkḗeis) νῑκηφορέω (nīkēphoréō) νῑκηφορία (nīkēphoría) νῑκηφόρος (nīkēphóros) Νικόπολις (Nikópolis) Given names derived from νίκη (níkē) Ἀγλαονίκη (Aglaoníkē) Ἀνδρόνικος (Andrónikos) Βερενίκη (Bereníkē) Νικήρατος (Nikḗratos) Νικίππη (Nikíppē) Νικόδημος (Nikódēmos) Νικολής (Nikolḗs) Νικόμαχος (Nikómakhos) Νικομήδης (Nikomḗdēs) ``` ``` Descendants Nicholas Nick Nicola Nicos Nike Niki Nikolas Nikoleta Nikolis ``` the upper hand, advantage

Answer 408

From νοέω (think, conceive) +‎ -σῐς (-to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). Antonyms αἴσθησις (“sense-perception, sensation”) νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean. From νόος (nóos, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix). A distinction is typically made between simply seeing (εἴδω (eídō)) and seeing accompanied by mental perception (νοέω (noéō)). νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter. Of uncertain etymology, perhaps from νέω (néō, “I spin”), here meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”. δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] to think about, consider ————————————- νοητῐκός • (noētikós) m (feminine νοητῐκή, neuter νοητῐκόν); first/second declension intellectual Antonym: αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós) From νοητός (noētós, “conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós, “verbal adjective suffix”). νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό) (formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind) Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι' αυτήν. ― It's inconceivable for you to risk your life for her. (formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind) ο νοητός άξονας της Γης ― the Earth's imaginary axis. From Ancient Greek νοητός (noētós), from Ancient Greek νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think out”). ————————————- ``` SYNONYMS (conceivable, comprehensible): κατανοητός (katanoïtós) καταληπτός (kataliptós) αντιληπτός (antiliptós) ``` (imaginary): φανταστικός (fantastikós), ιδεατός (ideatós) ANTONYMS (conceivable, comprehensible): ακατανόητος (akatanóitos, “incomprehensible”) ακαταλαβίστικος (akatalavístikos, “incomprehensible”) (imaginary): πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “real, true”) αισθητός (aisthitós, “tangible”) υπαρκτός (yparktós, “existing”) ————————————- εννοώ (ennoó, “to mean”) νόημα n (nóima, “meaning, sense”) νοημοσύνη f (noïmosýni, “intelligence”) ————————————- γνώση knowledge, cognition, awareness, learning, cognizance, sense νόηση understanding, cognition, comprehension γνώσις cognition γνωστική λειτουργία Cognition knowledge γνώση, γνώσεις cognition γνώση, νόηση, γνώσις awareness επίγνωση, γνώση, ενημερότητα, ενημερότης cognizance γνώση, αρμοδιότητα, δικαιοδοσία, ενημερότητα, ενημερότης learning μάθηση, γνώση, μόρφωση, σοφία, πολυμάθεια sense έννοια, αίσθηση, νόημα, λογικό, συναίσθημα, γνώση ken γνώση, θέα —————————————- νόησῐς • (nóēsis) f (genitive νοήσεως); third declension intelligence, understanding, mental perception processes of thought (concrete) idea, concept —————————————- ``` νόηση understanding noun 54% of use κατανόηση, αντίληψη, συνεννόηση cognition noun 41% of use γνώση, γνώσις comprehension noun 5% of use κατανόηση, αντίληψη, έννοια, σημασία ```

Answer 409

PROGRAMATIC - REAL - ACTUAL πραγματικός • (pragmatikós) m (feminine πραγματική, neuter πραγματικό) real, factual, actual (having physical existence), (having existence or substance) see: πράγμα n (prágma, “thing, entity”) πραγματικός αριθμός m (pragmatikós arithmós, “real number”) πράγμα • (prágma) n (plural πράγματα) thing, entity, object stuff Τι είναι αυτό το πράγμα στον κουβά; ― What is that stuff in the bucket? (euphemistic) thingy (the penis or vagina) Κλείσε το φερμουάρ - φαίνεται το πράγμα σου!― Close your zipper - your thingy is showing! πρᾶγμᾰ • (prâgma) n (genitive πρᾱ́γμᾰτος); third declension a thing done a fact From πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō, “I do, practice”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma, result noun suffix). πρᾱ́σσω • (prā́ssō) (Koine) I do, practice From Proto-Hellenic *prā́ťťō from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti, a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”). ——————————————- SEE ALSO: ``` ποιέω • (poiéō) I make I create I produce (mathematics) I postulate, imply I solve (post-Homeric) I compose, write poetry I write of (an event) in poetry I invent I cause I cause (accusative) to (infinitive) I procure I celebrate, observe Used in the middle with a noun periphrastically for the verb derived from said noun. (with predicate adjective) I make, cause to be I put (mathematics) I multiply (middle) I consider, deem I assume I take time, spend time (later Greek) I sacrifice I prepare I play (sense 3) I do I do (accusative) to (accusative) (with adverb) I act (pro-verb) Refers back to a previous verb: I do I act (medicine) quotations ▼ (in Thucydides) quotations ▼ (Koine) I do customarily, I practise quotations ▼ (middle) I pretend quotations ▼ ```

Answer 410

COMMON - UNHOLY - UNEDUCATED - UNDISCIPLINED κοινός • (koinós) m (feminine κοινή, neuter κοινόν); first/second declension common public, general from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”). *ḱóm beside, near, by, with κοινόν n (koinón, “confederation”) κοινόν • (koinón) n (politics) confederation (of city-states with central government) ————————————— DERIVED TERMS ``` κᾰτᾰ́ • (katá) (governs the genitive and accusative) (+ genitive) against, opposing into against (+ accusative) downwards along, through, in towards during for, for the purpose of according to, in conformity with ``` Latin - cata Preposition by (in the distributive sense) Preposition[edit] κατά • (katá) (with genitive) versus, against Έγινε έγκλημα κατά της Ελλάδας! ― Égine égklima katá tis Elládas! ― Crimes were committed against Greece! Antonym: υπέρ (ypér) (with accusative) towards Το δωμάτιο βλέπει κατά την ανατολή. ― To domátio vlépei katá tin anatolí. ― The room faces towards the east (with accusative) during κατά τη διάρκεια του ταξιδιού ― katá ti diárkeia tou taxidioú ― during the trip (with accusative) around, about, close to Θα έρθω κατά τις έξι το απόγευμα. ― Tha értho katá tis éxi to apógevma. ― I will come at about six pm. (with accusative) according κατά τον Γιώργο ... ― katá ton Giórgo ... ― according to George ... Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒀜𒋫 (katta, “down from, at, with, under”) Alternative forms[edit] κάδ (kád) – Epic, before δέ (dé) κατ᾽ (kat᾽) – apocope before a vowel with smooth breathing καθ᾽ (kath᾽) – apocope before a vowel with rough breathing κατά- (katá-) κατ- (kat-), κάτ- (kát-) (used before morphemes that begin with a vowel) καθ- (kath-), κάθ- (káth-) (used before morphemes that historically began with a vowel with a δασεία or rough breathing) PREFIX ``` κᾰτᾰ- • (kata-) back downwards against fully, completely ``` from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “down, into, against”). κατα- • (kata-), κατά- (katá-) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is down in a downward direction: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎βάση (vási, “basis, base”) → ‎κατάβαση (katávasi, “descent”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎βρόχθος (vróchthos, “throat (Ancient Greek)”) → ‎καταβροχθίζω (katavrochthízo, “to gobble, to devour, to wolf down”) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something to a great degree or intensity: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎μαύρος (mávros, “black”) → ‎κατάμαυρος (katámavros, “jet-black”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎άσπρος (áspros, “white”) → ‎κάτασπρος (kátaspros, “snow white, completely white”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎φως (fos, “light”) → ‎κατάφωτος (katáfotos, “ablaze”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎πτύω (ptýo, “to spit (Ancient Greek)”) → ‎κατάπτυστος (katáptystos, “foul, villainous, worthy of spitting on”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎κλέβω (klévo, “to steal, to rob”) → ‎κατακλέβω (kataklévo, “to rob blind”) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something is against a person to a great degree: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎γελώ (geló, “to laugh”) → ‎καταγελώ (katageló, “to laugh at, to mock”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎δικάζω (dikázo, “to judge”) → ‎καταδικάζω (katadikázo, “to condemn, to convict”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎αναγκάζω (anagkázo, “to compel, to necessitate”) → ‎καταναγκάζω (katanagkázo, “to force someone”) (geology) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is under or before: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎αρχαιοζωικός (archaiozoikós, “Archaean”) → ‎καταρχαιοζωικός (katarchaiozoikós, “Hadean, pre-Archaean”)

Answer 411

IGNORANT - DIM - OBSCURE - MENTALLY OBTUSE - IMMORAL ``` μαυρός • (maurós) m or f (neuter μαυρόν); second declension barely seen, dim, faint, shadowy dark sightless, blind unknown, uncertain, obscure inconspicuous weak, feeble From ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark, dim, faint”) ``` ``` μαύρος • (mávros) m (feminine μαύρη, neuter μαύρο) (colour) black gloomy, dark, grim depressed, miserable grim, terrible, evil (typography) bold ``` κατάμαυρος (katámavros, “jet-black, pitch-black”) μαυρίζω (mavrízo, “to blacken, to suntan”) μαυρισμένος (mavrisménos, “blackened”) μαύρο μάτι n (mávro máti, “blackeye”) μαυρώνω (mavróno, “to char”) ολόμαυρος (olómavros, “jet-black, pitch-black”) ``` ᾰ̓μαυρός • (amaurós) m (feminine ᾰ̓μαυρᾱ́, neuter ᾰ̓μαυρόν) Adjective barely seen, dim, faint, shadowy dark sightless, blind unknown, uncertain, obscure inconspicuous weak, feeble ``` ᾰ̓μαυρής • (amaurḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓μαυρές) Adjective (Byzantine) dim, dark ᾰ̓μαυρῐ́ᾱ • (amauríā) f (genitive ᾰ̓μαυρῐ́ᾱς) Noun (chiefly of vision) dimness, dullness, faintness, feebleness, weakness (glossed with the Latin cālīgō) Latin - cālīgō f (genitive cālīginis); third declension fog, mist, vapor darkness, gloom (figuratively) inability to perceive mentally Ancient Greek κελαινός (kelainós, “dark, black”) Ancient Greek κηλίς (kēlís, “spot, stain”) Latin cā̆lidus (“having a white spot on the forehead”). κελαινός • (kelainós) m (feminine κελαινή, neuter κελαινόν) Adjective black, dark, swarthy, murky ``` κηλῑ́ς • (kēlī́s) f (genitive κηλῖδος) Noun stain, spot, defilement Synonym: σπίλος (spílos) stain, blemish (medicine) naevus ``` ``` κηλίδα • (kilída) f (plural κηλίδες) Noun stain, blemish, blot ένα σκυλί με μαύρες κηλίδες ― éna skylí me mávres kilídes ― a dog with black spots (anatomy) blemish (figuratively) moral fault, misdeed ``` ᾰ̓μαυρόστῐκτος • (amauróstiktos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓μαυρόστῐκτον) Adjective (Byzantine) having dark speckles, dots, dapples, spots, or mottling. ᾰ̓μαυρότης • (amaurótēs) f (genitive ᾰ̓μαυρότητος) Noun dimness obscurity From ᾰ̓μαυρός +‎ -της (“state of being”). ἀμαυρόω • (amauróō) to darken, to make dark to weaken, to cause to be weak, to make weak. (in passive) to grow dark, dim, or pale. ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dim; feeble”) +‎ -όω (-a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.) ᾰ̓μαύρωσῐς • (amaúrōsis) f (genitive ᾰ̓μαυρώσεως) Noun (“That which has been made to be dark, obscure, dim”) (“That which is caused to be darkening, dimming, obscuring”) (of the senses, especially of sight) becoming dull (later) complete hindrance to sight without any visible cause, amaurosis (of the mind, as in old age) dulling (both of the senses and of the mind) weakening, dulling (of oracles) becoming obscure in presentience, failing in prophecy a spell which renders (someone or something) invisible lowering, detraction, abasement, humiliation “destruction” as another name for the hemlock (astrology) amaurosis (a name for the eighth τόπος of the δωδεκάωρος) ᾰ̓μαυρόω (to make dark) +‎ -σῐς (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process) Latin - amaurosis (countable and uncountable, plural amauroses) Noun The pathology causing blindness. Any form of blindness that is accompanied by no obvious change to the eye; often the result of disease of the optic nerve. ``` κώνειον • (kṓneion) n (genitive κωνείου); second declension poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) ``` amaurotic (not comparable) Adjective Pertaining to or suffering from amaurosis.

Answer 412

Dear Mr. Saladi Naidu My name is Steven O’Connell. I am reaching out for a simple request. I need to be put in touch with someone within your community that is able to provide a very simple translation and sensitivity oversight. I have been given the responsibility of editing a book about religion for a client. There are a couple of titles within the book that reference the Arabic language. In light of cultural sensitivities, it is my job to insure that no portion of the book is offensive or problematic to other cultures. Is there someone within your community that can give a quick read of a few short titles and respond to let me know whether or not the titles are disrespectful, non-intelligible, incorrect or can be misinterpreted in any way. Since these are titles, and are not written within the context of a sentence, it is O.K. that the grammatical syntax is disjointed or out of context. Per my clients instructions, they just need to convey the basic meaning of the words themselves. Please let me know if anyone is able to help or who I can contact. Thank you, Steven O’Connell Here are the passages for edit and review. Do these anglicized phrases convey the ideas contained in the parenthesis? Satya Avasada Shraddha (Authentic Sacred Deposit of Trust) ..... 51 Maharishi Mahatma Mantra (Supreme Sacred Texts) ................. 52 Yajna Dana (Sacred Gifts of Heaven) ............................................ 55 Divya Darshana (Divine Perspective)............................................ 64 Pragya Dharma (Divine Laws of Heaven) ..................................... 65 Karman Spiritus (Rites of the Universal Divine Spirit)................. 67 ————————————-

Answer 413

POINT OF VIEW άποψη • (ápopsi) f (plural απόψεις) point of view, opinion

Answer 414

OPINION ``` γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision ``` From γνω- (know-) lengthened grade of the root of γιγνώσκω (“I know”) + -μη (-mē). —————————————- LATIN opīniō f (genitive opīniōnis); third declension An opinion, conjecture, imagination, fancy, belief; esteem, reputation or expectation, good or bad, which others have formed of someone. A report or rumor. From opīnor (“suppose, conjecture, deem”). Synonyms (opinion) : auctōritās, cōgitātiō, existimātiō, sententia (reputation) : fāma (rumor) : fāma —————————————- ENGLISH opinion (plural opinions) A subjective belief, judgment or perspective that a person has formed about a topic, issue, person or thing. quotations ▼ I would like to know your opinions on the new filing system. In my opinion, white chocolate is better than milk chocolate. Every man is a fool in some man's opinion. The judgment or sentiment which the mind forms of persons or things; estimation. quotations ▼ (obsolete) Favorable estimation; hence, consideration; reputation; fame; public sentiment or esteem. quotations ▼ (obsolete) Obstinacy in holding to one's belief or impression; opiniativeness; conceitedness. quotations ▼ The formal decision, or expression of views, of a judge, an umpire, a doctor, or other party officially called upon to consider and decide upon a matter or point submitted. (European Union law) a judicial opinion delivered by an Advocate General to the European Court of Justice where he or she proposes a legal solution to the cases for which the court is responsible ——————————————- Γνωμάτευση = report γνωμάτευση = report, journal entry ιατρική γνωμάτευση = medical report

Answer 415

SENSING / FEELING from sentiens (“feeling, perceiving”) +‎ -ia. sententia f (genitive sententiae); first declension opinion, thought, feeling Synonyms: auctōritās, cōgitātiō, existimātiō, opīniō purpose, determination, will, decision vote, sentence, judgement Synonym: suffrāgium (of words or discourse) sense, meaning, signification, idea, notion. sentiēns (genitive sentientis); third-declension one-termination participle feeling, perceiving with the senses. perceiving: noticing mentally. having an opinion, feeling emotion. Present active participle of sentiō (“feel, perceive”) ``` sentiō (present infinitive sentīre, perfect active sēnsī, supine sēnsum); fourth conjugation I feel; I perceive with the senses Synonym: percipiō I perceive: I notice mentally I have an opinion; I feel an emotion. ``` Etymology 1 From Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”). *sent- to feel ``` Etymology 2 Proto-Indo-European/ *sent- Root *sent- to head for, to go, to travel ``` Germanic: *sinþaz (“journey, path”) Old Irish sét m path, way ``` sét m (genitive séuit, nominative plural séuit) object of value, chattel unit of value valuable article of property, treasure ornament, jewel ``` From Proto-Celtic *sentus, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”) Cognate with Latin sentiō (“to feel”) From Proto-Celtic *swantos (“desire”). From Lithuanian sintėti (“to think”) Old High German sinnan (“to go; desire”).

Answer 416

VIEW θέα view, sight, scenery, outlook, visibility, ken άποψη view, point of view, aspect, perspective, viewpoint, standpoint όψη view, face, look, facet, sight, visage θεωρία theory, doctrine, view, notion, speculation, contemplation ιδέα idea, concept, notion, conception, view, ism ``` φρόνημα spirit, conviction, view σκοπός purpose, objective, aim, scope, view, object Verb βλέπω see, view, look, behold, sight, perceive θεωρώ consider, regard, view, assume, deem, count ```

Answer 417

CONSCIENCE - MORALS - BELIEFS - IDEOLOGY φρόνημα • (frónima) n (plural φρονήματα) spirit, belief, conscience morale (plural): beliefs, ideology φρόνιμα • (frónima) Adverb judiciously, prudently with care, carefully ``` φρόνιμος • (frónimos) m (feminine φρόνιμη, neuter φρόνιμο) Adjective sensible, wise judicious, prudent well behaved ```

Answer 418

VALIDATE - REVIEW - SCRUTINIZE - AUTHENTICATE From Ancient Greek θεωρῶ (theōrô). Doublet of θωρώ (thoró). For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”). For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”). ``` θεωρώ • (theoró) (past θεώρησα, passive θεωρούμαι) consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω (nomízo) scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω (eléncho) validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω (epikyróno) examine (a text to make corrections.) ``` ``` θεωρείο n (theoreío, “box, loge”) θεώρημα n (theórima, “theorem”) θεώρηση f (theórisi, “point of view, validation of documents”) θεωρητικός (theoritikós, “theoretical”) θεωρητικολογώ (theoritikologó, “theorize”) θεωρία f (theoría, “theory”) θεωρικά n pl (theoriká) θωριά f (thoriá, “appearance”) (folksy) θωρώ (thoró, “I look”) (folksy) ```

Answer 419

THEOREM θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry ————————————- LATIN theōrēma n (genitive theōrēmatis); third declension a theorem, a proposition to be proved From Ancient Greek θεώρημα (“speculation, proposition to be proved”) From θεωρέω (“I look at, view, consider, examine”) From θεωρός (“a spectator”) From θέα (“a view”) + ὁράω (“I see, look”).

Answer 420

THEORY θεωρία • (theoría) f theory contemplation ``` θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation ``` From θεωρός (“spectator”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-forms feminine abstract nouns). —————————————— LATIN theōria f (genitive theōriae); first declension (philosophy) speculation, theory

Answer 421

APPEARANCE - FACE - LOOK όψη • (ópsi) f (plural όψεις) appearance, look, aspect εξ όψεως (ex ópseos, “by sight”) εν όψει (en ópsei, “in sight”) εκ πρώτης όψεως (ek prótis ópseos, “at first glance”) ὄψῐς • (ópsis) f (genitive ὄψεως); third declension Noun (“a view”) From ὄψ (“eye”) +‎ -σῐς (forms action or result nouns) σῠ́νοψῐς • (súnopsis) f (genitive σῠνόψῐος or σῠνόψεως); third declension (both literally and figuratively) a seeing all together, general view, shared view epitome, synopsis, abridgment recapitulation estimate expense From σῠν- (“with”) +‎ ὄψῐς (“aspect, appearance”). συνοψίζω • (synopsízo) (past συνόψισα, passive συνοψίζομαι) summarise (UK), summarize (US) ``` σύνοψη • (sýnopsi) f (plural συνόψεις) summary, precis, synopsis (Christianity) breviary, missal. bre·vi·ar·y noun noun: breviary; plural noun: breviaries A book containing the service for each day, to be recited by those in orders in the Roman Catholic Church. ``` Learnedly, from Ancient Greek σύνοψις (súnopsis, “general view”) (Hellenistic sense: "epitome") σύνοψ(ις) + modern ending -ση (-si).[1] Synchronically analysable as συν- (syn-) +‎ όψη (ópsi) from the ancient σύν (sún) + ὄψῐς (ópsis, “view”). συνοψίζω (synopsízo, “to summarise”) ἔποψῐς • (épopsis) f (genitive ἐπόψεως); third declension a view over, as far as the view from the temple reached oversight, supervision ἐπ- (ep-, “over”) +‎ ὄψῐς (ópsis, “view”) ἐφορᾰ́ω • (ephoráō) to oversee, watch over to look upon, behold From ἐπι- (over-) +‎ ὁράω (watch) ὁράω • (horáō) (intransitive) To look with the eyes (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind From earlier *ϝοράω (*woráō), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”), ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”), Latin vereor (“fear”), English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”). Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)). Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)).

Answer 422

INVENT εφευρίσκω • (efevrísko) (past εφεύρα/εφηύρα, passive εφευρίσκομαι) Verb (transitive) invent εφεύρεση • (efévresi) f invention (process and product) ``` βρίσκω (vrísko, “find”) εφεύρεση f (efévresi, “invention”) εφευρέτης m (efevrétis, “inventor”) εφευρετικός (efevretikós, “inventive”) εφευρετικότητα f (efevretikótita, “inventiveness”) εφεύρημα n (efévrima, “fabrication”) and see: ευρίσκω (evrísko) ```

Answer 423

DISCOVERY ανακάλυψη • (anakálypsi) f (plural ανακαλύψεις) discovery, find (the process of discover and the thing discovered) From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “above, through”) + καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover, to conceal”) ανακαλύπτω • (anakalýpto) (past ανακάλυψα, passive ανακαλύπτομαι) Noun discover, uncover invent, discover From Ancient Greek ἀνακαλύπτω (anakalúptō, “uncover, reveal”). Synchronically analysable as ανα- (“re-”) +‎ καλύπτω (“cover”). καλύπτω • (kalýpto) (past κάλυψα, passive καλύπτομαι) Verb cover, coat cover, provide covering fire αποκαλύπτω • (apokalýpto) (past αποκάλυψα, passive αποκαλύπτομαι) reveal, expose, uncover From Ancient Greek ἀποκᾰλύπτω (apokalúptō, “uncover, reveal”). Synchronically analysable as απο- (“un-”) +‎ καλύπτω (“cover”). αποκαλυπτικός • (apokalyptikós) m (feminine αποκαλυπτική, neuter αποκαλυπτικό) Adjective revealing, disclosing ``` αποκαλυπτήριος (apokalyptírios) αποκαλυπτικός (apokalyptikós) αποκαλυφθείς (apokalyftheís, past passive participle) (learned), αποκαλυφθείσα (apokalyftheísa), αποκαλυφθέν (apokalyfthén) αποκάλυψη f (apokálypsi, “revelation”) and see: καλύπτω (kalýpto, “cover”) ``` ξεσκεπάζω • (xeskepázo) (past ξεσκέπασα) Verb uncover, take the lid off, expose ``` ακάλυπτος • (akályptos) m (feminine ακάλυπτη, neuter ακάλυπτο) Adjective uncovered, exposed without lid, top, cover, etc not discussed (in contract, during negotiation) exposed undeveloped (of building land) unsecured, unprotected, exposed without vaccination etc without covering fire ``` κᾰλῠ́πτρᾱ • (kalúptrā) f (genitive κᾰλῠ́πτρᾱς); first declension Noun veil, headdress bride’s veil land given to queens as “veil-money” (money given to Oriental queens for their small expenses. See also ζώνη (zṓnē)) cover, lid seed capsule ακάλυπτη επιταγή f (akálypti epitagí, “bad cheque”) ακάλυπτος χώρος m (akályptos chóros, “inner courtyard”)

Answer 424

FABRICATE - FICTION επινόηση • (epinóisi) f (plural επινοήσεις) Noun concept, notion, invention, fabrication (technical, practical) invention, fabrication, fiction (of the imagination)

Answer 425

CAUSE - REASON - EXPLANATION αίτιο και αιτιατό f (“cause and effect”) αιτία • (aitía) f (plural αιτίες) cause, reason αιτιατό • (aitiató) n (plural αιτιατά) effect αίτιο • (aítio) f (plural αίτια) Cause Alternative form of αιτία (aitía) γίνομαι αιτία Become Cause ————————————— αιτιοκρατία • (aitiokratía) f (plural αιτιοκρατίες) (philosophy) determinism From αιτία (“cause”) +‎ -κρατία (“cracy”) αιτιαρχία • (aitiarchía) f (uncountable) (philosophy) determinism αιτιοκρατικός (“deterministic”) ————————————— αφορμή • (aformí) f (plural αφορμές) cause, reason, motive, excuse, occasion (surface/trigger event or circumstance) Με αφορμή την εισβολή της Πολωνίας, η Βρετανία κήρυξε πόλεμο στην Γερμανία. ― Me aformí tin eisvolí tis Polonías, i Vretanía kíryxe pólemo stin Germanía. ― Due to (lit:with motive) the invasion of Poland, Britain declared war on Germany. Καλό παιδί ήταν, τόσα χρόνια ποτέ δεν μας έδωσε αφορμή να τον τιμωρήσουμε. ― Kaló paidí ítan, tósa chrónia poté den mas édose aformí na ton timorísoume. ― He was a good kid, so many years and he never gave us cause to punish him. Μην της μιλάς, ψάχνει αφορμή για καυγά. ― Min tis milás, psáchnei aformí gia kavgá. ― Don't talk to her, she's looking for an excuse to fight. grudge, complaint (long-term animosity or ill will about something or someone) Δεν έχω αφορμή μαζί του. ― Den écho aformí mazí tou. ― I have no grudge against him. From Ancient Greek ἀφορμή (aphormḗ), from ἀφ’ (aph’) / ἀπό (apó, “from”) + ὁρμή (hormḗ, “attack, rush”). ``` ὁρμή • (hormḗ) f (genitive ὁρμῆς); first declension Action Noun violent pressure, assault, force first movements, beginning, start eagerness, struggle, effort violence, passion, appetite ``` Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“flow, stream”), and thus cognate to Sanskrit सर्म (sárma, “going, running, flowing”), from root सरति (sarati, “to flow, run, speed”), and Albanian gjurmë. Could also be from ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I urge on, incite”). ὁρμαίνω • (hormaínō) Verb to debate, ponder From ὁρμή (hormḗ, “eagerness, struggle, effort”). ορμή • (ormí) f (plural ορμές) ``` momentum, impetus, force (physics) momentum (psychology) urge (colloquial, in the plural) libido Δεν έχει ορμές, είναι σεξουαλικά ανίκανος. He lacks urges, he is impotent. ``` From Ancient Greek ὁρμή (hormḗ, “assault”, noun). —————————————— αιτία • (aitía) f (plural αιτίες) cause, reason χωρίς αιτία ― chorís aitía ― for no reason γενική της αιτίας ― genikí tis aitías ― genitive of cause αἰτῐ́ᾱ • (aitíā) f (genitive αἰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension charge, accusation, imputation, blame, guilt, fault quotations ▼ (in a good sense) credit quotations ▼ expostulation, admonition quotations ▼ (philosophy) cause quotations ▼ occasion, opportunity, motive quotations ▼ category ——————————— ENGLISH aetiology (countable and uncountable, plural aetiologies) The establishment of a cause, origin, or reason for something. quotations ▼ The study of causes or causation. (medicine) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease. From Latin aetiologia, from Ancient Greek αἰτιολογία (aitiología), from αἰτία (aitía, “cause”). From αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix) αἰτέω • (aitéō) (usually transitive) to ask for, crave, demand, beg [+accusative = something], [+two accusatives = something from someone]; or with object omitted quotations ▼ (transitive) to ask for [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something] quotations ▼ (logic, transitive) to postulate, assume quotations ▼ (middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one's own use or purpose, to claim quotations ▼ (passive, of persons) to have a thing begged of one quotations ▼ (of things) to be asked for αἰτητός • (aitētós) m (feminine αἰτητή) Adjective asked for From αἰτέω (“to ask”) +‎ -τος (-Adj). ————————————- LATIN aetiologia (uncountable) (rhetoric) Attributing a cause for a statement or claim made, often as a simple relative clause of explanation.

Answer 426

HYPOTHESIS υπόθεση • (ypóthesi) f (plural υποθέσεις) business, matter, affair (law) case (sciences, mathematics) hypothesis, conjecture Υπόθεση Αβογκάντρο ― Ypóthesi Avogkántro ― Avogadro's hypothesis (film) plot assumption προϋπόθεση • (proÿpóthesi) f (plural προϋποθέσεις) presupposition condition, prerequisite (logic) premise From προ- (pro-, “before”) +‎ υπόθεση (ypóthesi, “supposition”). From ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (“I place under, set before, suggest”) +‎ -σῐς (noun), from ῠ̔πο- (“below”) + τῐ́θημῐ (“to put, place”). ——————————- ``` ἵστημι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: histémi Phonetic Spelling: (his'-tay-mee) Definition: to make to stand, to stand Usage: trans: (a) I make to stand, place, set up, establish, appoint; mid: I place myself, stand, (b) I set in balance, weigh; intrans: (c) I stand, stand by, stand still; met: I stand ready, stand firm, am steadfast. ``` from a redupl. of the prim. root sta- to place oneself, to stand. to cause a person or thing to keep his or its place; passive to stand, be kept intact (of a family, a kingdom): to cause one to preserve a right state of mind, to establish a thing, cause it to stand, i. e. to uphold or sustain the authority or force of anything. to set or place in a balance; to weigh: money to one (because in very early times, before the introduction of coinage, the metals used to be weighed) i. e. to pay contextually, to stand immutable, stand firm, of the foundation of a building. in a figure, of one who vanquishes his adversaries and holds the ground, Ephesians 6:13; also of one who in the midst of the fight holds his position. ————————————— ``` τίθημι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: tithémi Phonetic Spelling: (tith'-ay-mee) Definition: to place, lay, set Usage: I put, place, lay, set, fix, establish. ``` to lay a thing up in one's heart to be remembered and pondered. (Middle) to appoint for one's use. to appoint one to one's service. to appoint with oneself or in one's mind. ——————————————— ``` κεῖμαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: keimai Phonetic Spelling: (ki'-mahee) Definition: to be laid, lie Usage: I lie, recline, am placed, am laid, set, specially appointed, destined. ``` metaphorically, a. to be (by God's intent) set, i. e. destined, appointed. b. of laws, to be made, laid down. c. lies in the power of the evil one, i. e. is held in subjection by the devil.

Answer 427

MOTIVE - INCENTIVE κίνητρο • (kínitro) n (plural κίνητρα) Noun (psychology) motivation From Ancient Greek κῑ́νητρον (kī́nētron, “stick for stirring”) κῐ́ω • (kíō) to go From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- *ḱey- (imperfective) to be lying down to settle ``` κῑνέω • (kīnéō) to set in motion, move, remove (grammar) to inflect to meddle to change, innovate to begin, cause to urge on, stir on to arouse, exasperate, anger, taunt, abuse (passive) to be moved, to stir, to move ``` κῑ́νημᾰ • (kī́nēma) n (genitive κῑνήμᾰτος); third declension movement ``` κῑ́νησῐς • (kī́nēsis) f (genitive κῑνήσεως); third declension motion dance political movement, revolt change, revolution (grammar) inflection (law) punitive action ``` From κῑνέω (“I move”) +‎ -σῐς (-forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process) ————————————————- ANTONYM (Of motion): στάσις (stásis) ``` στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree ``` ``` αἰγόστασις (aigóstasis) αἱμόστασις (haimóstasis) ἀνάστασις (anástasis) διάστασις (diástasis) διασύστασις (diasústasis) δυσαποκατάστασις (dusapokatástasis) ξενόστασις (xenóstasis) παράστασις (parástasis) παρυπόστασις (parupóstasis) ``` ``` στᾰ́σῐμος • (stásimos) m or f (neuter στᾰ́σῐμον); second declension checking, stopping standing, stationary, stagnant stable, steadfast, fixed (of men) steadfast, steady weighed, weighable ``` From στάσις (“placing, setting”) +‎ -ιμος (-imos). SUFFIX -ῐμος • (-imos) m or f (neuter -ῐμον); second declension Added to the stems of verbs or verbal nouns in -σις (-sis) to form an adjective of possibility or capability: -able, -ible, -like, -ed ‎δοκέω (dokéō, “seem good”) + ‎-ιμος (-imos) → ‎δόκιμος (dókimos, “approved”) ``` στάση • (stási) f (plural στάσεις) Noun position, attitude, stance (physical or mental) (transport) stop, bus stop (film) frame stop (coming to a halt) mutiny, rebellion stasis ``` ἀνάστασις f (ἀnástasis, “stand again, resurrection”) αντίσταση f (antístasi, “resistance”) έκσταση f (ékstasi, “ecstacy”) κατάσταση f (katástasi, “condition, situation”) στάση λεωφορείου f (stási leoforeíou, “bus stop”) στασιαστής m (stasiastís, “rebel”) ᾰ̓νᾰ́στᾰσῐς • (anástasis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰστᾰ́σεως or ᾰ̓νᾰστᾰ́σῐος); third declension standing up the act of making someone move, removal resurrection, anastasis From ἀνίστημι (anístēmi, “rise up”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis) Ᾰ̓νᾰστᾰ́σῐος • (Anastásios) m (genitive Ᾰ̓νᾰστᾰσῐ́ου); second declension A male given name, equivalent to English Anastasius ᾰ̓νᾰ́στᾰσῐς (“resurrection”) +‎ -ῐος (-ios) SUFFIX -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of"). -ιος • (-ios) m (feminine -ια, neuter -ιο) Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin: ‎Κύπρος (Kýpros, “Cyprus”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎Κύπριος (Kýprios, “Cypriot”) (noun, demonym) Related term: -αίος (-aíos) for demonyms ‎θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine”) (adjective) ‎αιώνας (aiónas, “century”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎αιώνιος (aiónios, “eternal”) (adjective) -ιος • (-ios) m (feminine -ια, neuter -ιο) Used to form adjectives indicating property, characteristic of the prototype word: ‎σαπίζω (sapízo, “I rot”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎σάπιος (sápios, “rotten”) /ˈsapços/ (from verb) ‎καθαρός (katharós, “clean”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎καθάριος (kathários, “clear”) /kaˈθaɾʝos/ (from adjective) ————————————————- LATIN Latin: cieō (present infinitive ciēre, perfect active cīvī, supine citum); second conjugation I put in motion; act I move, stir, shake. I summon, call. I call upon (by name) for help, invoke, appeal to. I rouse, stimulate, excite; disturb; produce, cause, begin, provoke. From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-.[1] Cognate to Ancient Greek κινέω (kinéō, “I move, I set in motion”), Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate, “to come forth, to fall down”), Albanian qoj (“to wake up”). ——————————————— Related to: cīvis m or f (genitive cīvis); third declension citizen From Proto-Italic *keiwis. *keiwis m society (possibly) citizen Related to: Sanskrit: शेव (śéva, “dear, friendly”), शिव (śivá, “auspicious, propitious, gracious”) Celtic: *koimos *koimos Adjective dear, nice From Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos (“of the home, belonging to the family”) (compare English home and Lithuanian káimas (“village, countryside”)).

Answer 428

REIFY From ᾰ̓πο (away from) + καθιστώ (down-stand) From κατα- (“down”) +‎ ἵστημι (“I stand”). κᾰθῐ́στημῐ From κατα- (“down”) +‎ ἵστημι (“I stand”). make (something abstract) more concrete or real. Further, Eddie's pursuit and ultimate success in obtaining and reifying an American Dream not corrupted by materialism offers the impression that it was somewhat easy to obtain. καθιστώ • (kathistó) (past κατέστησα, passive καθίσταμαι) make, appoint εγκαθιστώ (egkathistó, “to install”) καθεστώς n (kathestós, “regime”) κατάσταση f (katástasi, “situation”) κατεστημένος (katestiménos, “established”) κατεστημένο n (katestiméno, “establishement”) κατάστημα • (katástima) n (plural καταστήματα) (formal): shop, store office (for contact with business etc) καταστηματάρχης m (katastimatárchis, “shopkeeper”) —————————————— κᾰθῐ́στημῐ • (kathístēmi) (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) I set down, stop, bring to land I bring down to a place I bring before a magistrate or king I set in order I ordain, appoint (especially of political constitutions) I settle, establish I bring into a certain state (with double accusative) I make or render so I make, continue (intransitive, middle and passive voices, active voice of perfect, pluperfect, and 2nd aorist tenses) I am set, I set myself down, settle I come before another, stand in their presence I am set as guard, I am appointed (in a physical sense) I settle, deposit a sediment I stand quiet or calm I am established or instituted (of purchases) I cost I stand against, oppose —————————————- ἐγκᾰθίστημῐ • (enkathístēmi) to place in, establish in ἐν- (en-) +‎ καθίστημι (kathístēmi) —————————————- ``` ᾰ̓κᾰτᾰ́στᾰτος (akatástatos) ἀντῐκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (antikathístēmi) ᾰ̓ποκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (apokathístēmi) ἐγκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (enkathístēmi) ἐπῐκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (epikathístēmi) εὐκᾰτᾰ́στᾰτος (eukatástatos) πᾰρᾰκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (parakathístēmi) περικᾰθῐ́στᾰμαι (perikathístamai) προκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (prokathístēmi) σῠγκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (sunkathístēmi) ῠ̔περκᾰθῐ́στημῐ (huperkathístēmi) ῠ̔ποκᾰθῐ́στᾰμαι (hupokathístamai) ```

Answer 429

CONDITION - ESTABLISH - INSTALLATION κατάσταση • (katástasi) f (plural καταστάσεις) state, condition situation εγκατάσταση • (egkatástasi) f (plural εγκαταστάσεις) installation, establishment (act of installing) residence (permission to reside) installation (large equipment) installation, settlement, establishment (set of buildings) (art) installation κατάσταση f (katástasi, “condition, situation”) απεγκατάσταση f (apegkatástasi, “deinstallation, uninstallation”) επανεγκατάσταση f (epanegkatástasi, “reinstallation”)

Answer 430

REORGANIZE αναδιοργάνωση • (anadiorgánosi) f (plural αναδιοργανώσεις) reorganisation (UK), reorganization (US) αναδιοργάνωση Related terms αναδιοργανώνω (anadiorganóno, “to reorganise”) αναδιοργανώτης m (anadiorganótis, “reorganiser”)

Answer 431

REASON ratiō f (genitive ratiōnis); third declension reason, explanation calculation, account manner, method From reor (“to compute”) +‎ -tiō (action/result noun) Borrowed from Latin ratiō (“reason, explanation”). reor (present infinitive rērī, perfect active ratus sum); second conjugation, deponent I reckon, calculate. I think, deem, judge. from Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”), reanalysed root of *h₂er- (“to put together”), in which case it would be cognate with... Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “a number”) SUFFIX -tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension -tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to a verb (usually a participle form) to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)o quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)

Answer 432

MIND - MENTAL mēns f (genitive mentis); third declension mind intellect reasoning, judgement From Proto-Indo-European *méntis (“thought”). Cognates include Sanskrit मति (matí) αὐτόματος (autómatos) μάντις (mántis) Russian мнить (mnitʹ, “to think”) Old English ġemynd (English mind). —————————————————- Proto-Indo-European/ *méntis *méntis f (oblique stem *mn̥téy-) thought ``` From *men- (“to think”) +‎ *-tis. *men- Root to think, mind spiritual activity ``` *(é)-tis f Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots. —————————————— Derived Terms Ancient Greek: μάντις (soothsayer) μᾰ́ντῐς • (mántis) m (genitive μᾰ́ντεως); third declension seer, prophet, soothsayer mantis From μαίνομαι (maínomai, “I am mad, raving”). μαίνομαι • (maínomai) I am mad, angry, I rage I am mad, raving, out of my mind. from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥yétor (“to think”), from *men-. ————————————————- SANSKRIT मन्यते • (mányate) (cl.8.4. A1. root √man) (Vedic mányatai) to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecture to regard or consider anyone or anything (accusative) as to think oneself or be thought to be, appear as, pass for to be of opinion, think fit or right to agree or be of the same opinion with to set the heart or mind on, honour, esteem, hope or wish for to think of (in prayer etc., either "to remember, meditate on", or "mention, declare", or "excogitate, invent") to perceive, observe, learn, know, understand, comprehend to offer, present (causative) to honour, esteem, value highly (desiderative) to reflect upon, consider, examine, investigate (desiderative) to cali in question, doubt ("with regard to" +locative) ``` মনা • (mona) (transitive) (Eastern Standard) to agree, accept, accord, accede, concede, acquiesce, stand সি মোৰ কথাটো নেমানিলে। xi mür kothatü nemanile. He did not agree with me. to follow, obey, abide, adhere, comply, conform মই তেখেতক খুব মানোঁ। moi tekhetok khub manü̃. I adhere her very much. মই নিয়݁মܿবোৰ মানি চলোঁ। moi niombür mani solü̃. I follow the rules. ``` ``` মনা • (mona) (transitive) to see, notice অণুজীৱক খালি চকুৰে মনিব নোৱাৰি। onuziwok khali sokure monibo nüari. Microbes can't be seen by naked eyes. ``` From মণি (moni, “eyeball, pearl”) +‎ -আ (-a, “verbal suffix”). মনা • (mona) (Eastern Standard) agreed, accepted followed, obeyed ``` মানা • (mana) (transitive) (Central Standard) to agree, accept, accord, accede, concede, acquiesce, stand সি মোৰ কথাটো নামানিলে। xi mür kothatü namanile. He did not agree with me. to follow, obey, abide, adhere, comply, conform মই তেখেতক খুব মানোঁ। moi tekhetok khub manü̃. I adhere her very much. মই নিয়݁মܿবোৰ মানি চলোঁ। moi niombür mani solü̃. I follow the rules. ``` মানা • (mana) prohibition, hindrance From Sanskrit মন্যতে (mányate, “to think, to honour”) from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥yo-, from *men- (“to think”). Hindi: मानना (mānnā, “to accept”) ————————————— CELTIC - IRISH *manyetor to think —————————————- IRANIAN *mányatay to think, consider From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-yé-toy ~ *mn̥-yó-ror, from *men- (“to think”) +‎ *-yetoy (3sg.mid.).

Answer 433

WARN - ADVISE - REMIND moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation I warn, I advise I remind From Proto-Italic *moneō, from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”).

Answer 434

THINK From con- +‎ agitō. con-ago-ito con (together/with) + ago (lead/drive) + -ito (frequentive verb) cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think I ponder, meditate, reflect, consider (i.e. think of, about, over) I intend, design, purpose, plan, devise (i.e. have in mind) ————————————————— Agitō agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. I brandish, wield. (of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control. (of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue. I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb. I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on. I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment. I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock. I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise. (of time) I pass, spend. I live, dwell, abide, sojourn. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. (with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in. From agō (“do, act, make”) +‎ -itō. agitātor m (genitive agitātōris) Agent noun driver of animals; drover charioteer ``` agitātus (feminine agitāta, neuter agitātum); first/second-declension participle driven, impelled brandished, wielded agitated, disturbed tormented ``` agitātiō f (genitive agitātiōnis); third declension motion, movement, agitation activity ———————————————— SUFFIX -itō (present infinitive -itāre, perfect active -itāvī, supine -itātum); first conjugation Forms frequentative verbs from existing verbs. Frequentative verb (grammar) Serving to express repetition of an action. "Crackle" is an English frequentative verb derived from "crack". from Latin frequentāre (“to do or use often”). SUFFIX -ative of, related to, or associated with the thing specified

Answer 435

CRITICIZE κριτικάρω κρῐτῐκός • (kritikós) m (feminine κρῐτῐκή, neuter κρῐτῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective Able to judge, discerning, critical (Especially as a substantive concerning language): critic, grammarian, academic. From κρῐτής (“judge”) +‎ -ῐκός (-adjective ), from κρῑ́νω (“I judge”). κριτικός • (kritikós) m (feminine κριτική, neuter κριτικό) Adjective critical (expressing comment or judgement) κριτικός • (kritikós) m or f (plural κριτικοί) Noun critic κριτικός θεάτρου (theatre critic) κρῐτής • (kritḗs) m (genitive κρῐτοῦ); first declension Agent noun umpire judge From κρῐ-, the root of κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to decide, judge”), +‎ -τής (-tḗs, masculine agentive suffix). κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize. —————————————————- LATIN Latin cernō (“I separate, discern”) Verb cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation. From Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Cognate to Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō). ``` cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation Verb I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide ``` *krey- to sift, separate, divide

Answer 436

JUDGE From kata and a derivative of dike; to adjudge against, i.e. Pronounce guilty -- condemn. ``` καταδικάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katadikazo Phonetic Spelling: (kat-ad-ik-ad'-zo) Definition: to pass sentence upon Usage: I condemn, pass sentence upon. HELPS Word-studies 2613 katadikázō (from 2596 /katá, "according to, down," which intensifies dikazō, "to act as judge") – properly, judge down, i.e. condemn in an exact (personal) manner that is highly specific. ``` δίκη, ης, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: diké Phonetic Spelling: (dee'-kay) Definition: right (as self-evident), justice (the principle, a decision or its execution) Usage: (a) (originally: custom, usage) right, justice, (b) process of law, judicial hearing, (c) execution of sentence, punishment, penalty, (d) justice, vengeance. Cognate: 1349 díkē – properly, right, especially a judicial verdict which declares someone approved or disapproved; a judgment (just finding) that regards someone (something) as "guilty" or "innocent." See 1343 (dikaiosynē). [1349 (díkē) is used in classical Greek for a legal decision – a recompense (based on justice). In the LXX, dikē is used nine times to translate rî, the Hebrew term for "law-suit."] STRONGS NT 1349: δίκη δίκη, δίκης, ἡ (allied with δεικηυμι, Curtius, § 14), from Homer down; 1. custom, usage, (cf. Schmidt, chapter 18, 4 cf. 3). 2. right, justice. 3. a suit at law. 4. a judicial hearing, judicial decision, especially a sentence of condemnation; so in Acts 25:15 (L T Tr WH καταδίκην). 5. execution of the sentence, punishment, (Wis. 18:11; 2 Macc. 8:11): δίκην ὑπέχειν, Jude 1:7; δίκην (Sophocles El. 298; Aj. 113; Euripides, Or. 7), to suffer punishment, 2 Thessalonians 1:9. 6. the goddess Justice, avenging justice: Acts 28:4, as in Greek writings often from Hesiod theog. 902 on; (of the avenging justice of God, personified, Wis. 1:8, etc.; cf. Grimm at the passage and commentary on 4 Macc., p. 318, (he cites 4 Macc. 4:13, 21; 8:13, 21; 9:9; 11:3; 12:12; 18:22; Philo adv. Flacc. § 18; Eusebius, h. e. 2, 6, 8)). Probably from deiknuo; right (as self-evident), i.e. Justice (the principle, a decision, or its execution) -- judgment, punish, vengeance. ``` δείκνυμι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: deiknumi Phonetic Spelling: (dike-noo'-o) Definition: to show Usage: I point out, show, exhibit; met: I teach, demonstrate, make known. ``` show A prolonged form of an obsolete primary of the same meaning; to show (literally or figuratively) -- shew.

Answer 437

CONDITION - PREREQUISITE - PREMISE προϋπόθεση • (proÿpóthesi) f (plural προϋποθέσεις) presupposition condition, prerequisite (logic) premise From προ- (“before”) +‎ υπόθεση (“supposition”). υπόθεση • (ypóthesi) f (plural υποθέσεις) Noun business, matter, affair (law) case (sciences, mathematics) hypothesis, conjecture Υπόθεση Αβογκάντρο ― Ypóthesi Avogkántro ― Avogadro's hypothesis (film) plot assumption. From Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (“supposition”, noun). ``` ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension Noun proposal, proposed action; policy, intention suggestion, advice purpose occasion, excuse, pretext actor's role function, occupation, station subject proposed for discussion lawsuit, legal case subject, topic speech play, pantomime supposition, assumption, hypothesis presupposition premise starting point raw material mortgage placing under base (thing placed under another) ``` From ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (“I place under, set before, suggest”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis) from ῠ̔πο- (“below”) + τῐ́θημῐ (“to put, place”). ``` SYNONYMS supposition theory thesis educated guess guess ``` ———————————————- hypothesis (plural hypotheses) (sciences) Used loosely, a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation. As a scientific term of art, see the attached quotation. Compare to theory, and quotation given there. (general) An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation. (grammar) The antecedent of a conditional statement. ——————————————- supposition (countable and uncountable, plural suppositions) Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture. The act or an instance of supposing. From Middle English supposicioun. from Anglo-Norman supposicion. from Latin suppositiō, suppositiōnem (“supposition”) from sub- (“under”) + positiō, positiōnem (“position; theme”) from positus (“position”) from the perfect passive participle of pōnō, pōnere (“put, place”). ``` positiō f (genitive positiōnis); third declension position, place framing theme planting (of crops) lie (of land) attitude ``` From the supine stem of pōnō (“put, place”) +‎ -tiō. SUFFIX -tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension -tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to a verb (usually a participle form) to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action. dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”) quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”) ————————————————- THEORY theory (countable and uncountable, plural theories) A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate. (obsolete) Mental conception; reflection, consideration. [16th-18th c.] (sciences) A coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc. [from 17th c.] (uncountable) The underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice. [from 17th c.] (mathematics) A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs. [from 18th c.] Knot theory classifies the mappings of a circle into 3-space. A hypothesis or conjecture. [from 18th c.] (countable, logic) A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are deductively closed. Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables). A theory is consistent if it has a model. From Middle French théorie. from Late Latin theōria. from Ancient Greek θεωρία (“contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”) from θεωρέω (“I look at, view, consider, examine”) from θεωρός (“spectator”) from θέα (“a view”) + ὁράω (“I see, look”). theōria f (genitive theōriae); first declension (philosophy) speculation, theory. ``` θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation. ``` From θεωρός (“spectator”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (feminine abstract nouns)

Answer 438

MIND μυαλό • (myaló) n (plural μυαλά) (anatomy) brain (plural) brains (used as food) brain (person providing interlectual input) mind head

Answer 439

MIND Old English ``` ġemynd f or n Noun memory; commemoration thought, thinking intellect, intention ```

Answer 440

TO BE THOUGHTFUL - TO BE MINDFUL - TO REMEMBER ``` μέμονᾰ • (mémona) Verb to be minded or inclined to be eager to hasten ``` μέμᾰᾰ • (mémaa) to wish eagerly, strive, yearn, desire From Proto-Indo-European *memóne from *men- (“to think”) cognate with Latin meminī (“to remember”) Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (munan, “to think, reckon”). *memóne (stative) to think, to be mindful to remember Latin: meminī (present infinitive meminisse); third conjugation, perfect forms have present meaning, no supine stem. From Proto-Italic *memonai from Proto-Indo-European *memóne (“to remember”) perfect of the root *men- (“to think”). Compare mēns (“mind”). Synonyms memoriā teneō (idiomatic, "I hold in memory") recordor Derived terms commeminī (“I remember clearly”) Related terms moneō (“I warn”) reminīscor (“I remember”) I remember; am mindful of ``` From Proto-Indo-European / *men- Root *men- to think, mind spiritual activity ``` Proto-Italic/ memonai *memonai to remember, to be mindful

Answer 441

COMPUTE υπολογίζω compute, calculate, count, estimate, reckon, gage λογαριάζω count, figure, tally, calculate, reckon, compute. compute (v.) 1630s, "determine by calculation," from French computer (16c.) From Latin computare "to count, sum up, reckon together," From com "with, together" + putare "to reckon," originally "to prune," From Proto-Indo-European *putós, from *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). from PIE root *pau- (2) "to cut, strike, stamp." From Latin: putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation I clean, cleanse I trim, prune, lop (figuratively) I arrange, settle (figuratively) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider (figuratively) I judge, suspect, suppose (figuratively) I ponder, consider, think about *pau- (2) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cut, strike, stamp." It forms all or part of: account; amputate; amputation; anapest; berate; compute; count (v.); depute; deputy; dispute; impute; pave; pavement; pit (n.1) "hole, cavity;" putative; rate (v.1) "to scold;" reputation; repute. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin pavire "to beat, ram, tread down," putare "to prune;" Greek paiein "to strike;" Lithuanian pjauti "to cut," pjūklas "saw."

Answer 442

SCIENCE επιστήμη • (epistími) f (plural επιστήμες) (sciences) science φυσικές επιστήμες ― natural sciences ἐπιστήμη • (epistḗmē) f (genitive ἐπιστήμης); first declension Noun science knowledge From ἐπίσταμαι (epístamai) from ἐπί (epí) +‎ ἵστημι (hístēmi) ``` From the Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognate with Sanskrit अपि (ápi) Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌‎ (aipi) Old Persian [script needed] (apiy) Old Armenian եւ (ew) Latin ob Old English bī (English by). ``` ``` ἐπῐ́ • (epí) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) (+ genitive) on, upon (on the upper surface of) (+ dative) on, upon (+ accusative) onto (the upper surface of) ``` ``` ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi) (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) to make to stand, to stand, set to stop, stay, check to set up to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up to set up, appoint to establish, institute to place in the balance, weigh (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect) to stand to stand still (figuratively) to stand firm to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up (generally) to arise, begin (in marking time) to be to be appointed ``` From Proto-Hellenic *hístāmi (“to stand”) from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti *stísteh₂ti (imperfective) to be standing up, to be getting up the reduplicated present of *steh₂-. *steh₂- (perfective) to stand (up) Cognate with Old English standan (English stand) stand (heading) To position or be positioned physically. (heading) To position or be positioned mentally. (heading) To position or be positioned socially. Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root √sthā) तिष्ठति • (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था, class 1, type P) 1. to stand, stand firmly, station oneself, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on 2. to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action 3. to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with locative or ind.p.) with राज्ये (rājye) — to continue governing with शासने (śāsane) — to practise obedience with बल (bale) — to exercise power with स्वधर्मे (sva-dharme) — to do one's duty with स्वकर्मणि (sva-karmaṇi) — to keep to one's own business with संशये (saṃśaye, “saṃśaye”) — to persist in doubting धर्मम् आश्रित्य (dharmam āśritya) — to practise virtue 4. to continue to be or exist (as opposed to "perish"), endure, last 5. to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand 6. to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dative, genitive or locative) 7. to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate 8. to behave or conduct oneself 9. to be directed to or fixed on (+ locative) 10. to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (+ locative) 11. to rely on, confide in (+ locative) 12. to stay at, resort to (+ accusative) 13. to arise from (+ ablative or genitive) 14. to desist or cease from (+ ablative) 15. causative) to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute 16. (causative) to set up, erect, raise, build 17. (causative) to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm 18. ( causative) to prop up, support, maintain 19. (causative) to affirm, assent 20. (causative) to appoint (to any office + locative) 21. (causative) to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (+ two accusatives) 22. (causative) to fix, settle, determine, resolve 23. (causative) to fix in or on, lead or being into, direct or turn towards (+ locative, rarely accusative) 24. (causative) to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (+ locative) 25. (causative) to give in marriage 26. (causative) to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain. 27. (causative) to place aside, keep, save, preserve. Latin sistō Verb sistō (present infinitive sistere, perfect active stitī, supine statum); third conjugation (transitive) I cause to stand; I set; I place. (intransitive) I place myself; I stand. (transitive, law) I cause to appear in court. (intransitive, law) I appear in court. (intransitive) I stand still; I halt; I stand firm. Old Armenian ստանամ (stanam) Persian ایستادن‎ (istādan). ———————————————- επιστήμονας m or f (epistímonas, “scientist”) επιστημονικός (epistimonikós, “scientific”) επιστητό n (epistitó, “knowledge”) ψευδοεπιστήμη f (psevdoepistími, “pseudoscience”)

Answer 443

TO BECOME KNOWLEDGABLE - TO KNIW OF SOMETHING ἐπῐ́στᾰμαι • (epístamai) (transitive) To know, to have the knowledge of something. from ἐπί (epí) +‎ ἵστημι (hístēmi)

Answer 444

CERTAINTY OF COMPREHENSION φαντασία καταληπτική Kataleptic phantasia is that which is impressed by an object which exists, and which is a copy of that object and can be produced by no other object. ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, happen to, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` Katalepsis (Greek: κατάληψις, "grasping") in Stoic philosophy, meant comprehension. To the Stoic philosophers, katalepsis was an important premise regarding one's state of mind as it relates to grasping fundamental philosophical concepts, and it represents the Stoic solution to the problem of the criterion. According to the Stoics, the mind is constantly being bombarded with impressions (phantasiai). (An impression arising from the mind was called a phantasma.)[2] Some of these impressions are true and some false. Impressions are true when they are truly affirmed, false if they are wrongly affirmed, such as when one believes an oar dipped in the water to be broken because it appears so.[3] When Orestes, in his madness, mistook Electra for a Fury, he had an impression both true and false: true inasmuch as he saw something, viz., Electra; false, inasmuch as Electra was not a Fury.[3] Believing that the mind instinctively discriminated between real and false impressions, the Stoics said that one ought not to give credit to everything which is perceived, but only to those perceptions which contain some special mark of those things which appeared.[4] Such a perception then was called a kataleptic phantasia (Greek: φαντασία καταληπτική), or comprehensible perception.[4] The kataleptic phantasia is that which is impressed by an object which exists, and which is a copy of that object and can be produced by no other object.

Answer 445

UNCERTAINTY - UNABLE TO COMPREHEND - SKEPTICISM Acatalepsy (from the Greek α̉-, privative, and καταλαμβάνειν, to seize), in philosophy, is incomprehensibleness, or the impossibility of comprehending or conceiving a thing.[1] It is the antithesis of the Stoic doctrine of katalepsis (i.e., the ability to apprehend). ``` See also I know that I know nothing Ignoramus et ignorabimus New mysterianism Strong agnosticism Śūnyatā Two truths doctrine ``` ——————————————————— Two truths doctrine The Buddhist doctrine of the two truths (Wylie: bden pa gnyis) differentiates between two levels of satya (a Sanskrit and Pali word meaning truth or reality) in the teaching of the Buddha: the "conventional" or "provisional" (saṁvṛti) truth, and the "ultimate" (paramārtha) truth. The exact meaning varies between the various Buddhist schools and traditions. The best known interpretation is from the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, whose founder was Nagarjuna. For Nagarjuna, the two truths are epistemological truths. The phenomenal world is accorded a provisional existence. The character of the phenomenal world is declared to be neither real nor unreal, but logically indeterminable. Ultimately, phenomena are empty (sunyata) of an inherent self or essence, but exist depending on other phenomena (Pratītyasamutpāda). (“but exist depending on other phenomena”) In Chinese Buddhism, the Madhyamaka position is accepted and the two truths refer to two ontological truths. Reality exists of two levels, a relative level and an absolute level. Based on their understanding of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the Chinese supposed that the teaching of the Buddha-nature was, as stated by that sutra, the final Buddhist teaching, and that there is an essential truth above sunyata and the two truths. Valid or Invalid The śūnyatā doctrine is an attempt to show that it is neither proper nor strictly justifiable to regard any metaphysical system as absolutely valid. It doesn't lead to nihilism but strikes a middle course between excessive naivete and excessive scepticism. saṁvṛiti-satya (conventional truth) samvriti-parikalpita (delusional truth) samvriti-paratantra (ultimate transcendent truth) In Buddhist context, saṁvṛiti or saṁvṛiti-satya (Sanskrit) refers to the conventional (saṁvṛiti), as opposed to absolute, truth or reality (satya). Knowledge is considered as split into three levels: 1. ILLUSORY - The first being the illusory (called samvriti, parikalpita or pratibhasika according to different schools of thought), considered false compared to the... 2. EMPIRICAL - empirical (samvriti, paratantra or vyavaharika) 3. TRANSCENDENT - in turn trumped by the transcendental (paramartha or paramarthika).

Answer 446

EMPTY AWARENESS Śūnyatā (Sanskrit: शून्यता, romanized: śūnyatā; Pali: suññatā) – pronounced in English as /ʃuːnˈjɑː.tɑː/ (shoon-ya-ta), translated most often as emptiness[1] and sometimes voidness[2] – is a Buddhist concept which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context. It is either an ontological feature of reality, a meditative state, or a phenomenological analysis of experience. In Theravada Buddhism, suññatā often refers to the non-self (Pāli: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman)[note 1] nature of the five aggregates of experience and the six sense spheres. Suññatā is also often used to refer to a meditative state or experience. In Mahayana, Sunyata refers to the tenet that "all things are empty of intrinsic existence and nature (svabhava)," [4][5] but may also refer to the Buddha-nature teachings and primordial or empty awareness, as in Dzogchen, Shentong, or Zen. Svabhava (Sanskrit: svabhāva; Pali: sabhāva; Chinese: 自性; pinyin: zìxìng; Tibetan: རང་བཞིན, Wylie: rang-bzhin)[1] literally means "own-being" or "own-becoming". It is the intrinsic nature, essential nature or essence of beings. The corresponding concept in Western philosophy is substance theory.

Answer 447

LINEAGE In Hindu culture, the term gotra (Sanskrit: गोत्र) is considered to be equivalent to lineage. It broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor or patriline. Generally the gotra forms an exogamous unit, with the marriage within the same gotra being prohibited by custom, being regarded as incest.[1] The name of the gotra can be used as a surname, but it is different from a surname and is strictly maintained because of its importance in marriages among Hindus, especially among the higher castes. Pāṇini defines gotra for grammatical purposes as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram (IV. 1. 162), which means "the word gotra denotes the progeny (of a sage) beginning with the son's son." When a person says "I am Vipparla-gotra", he means that he traces his descent from the ancient sage Vipparla by unbroken male descent. According to the Brihadaranyaka Upanisad 2.2.6, Gautama and Bharadvāja, Viśvāmitra and Jamadagni, Vashishtha and Kaśhyapa and Shandilya are seven sages (also known as saptarishi); the progeny of these seven sages are declared to be gotras. This enumeration of seven primary gotras seems to have been known to Pāṇini. The offspring (apatya) of these seven are gotras and others than these are called gotrâvayava.[2] One who follows the system defined by three sages defines himself as tri-a-rishaye. Similarly, for five sages, it is pancha-rishaye, and for seven sages, it is sapta-rishaye. There exists another theory about gotra: sons and disciples of a sage would have the same gotra; it is believed that they possess similar thought and philosophy. People of the same gotra can be found across different castes. Each Gotra comprises pravaras.

Answer 448

THUS GONE Buddha-nature refers to several related terms, most notably tathāgatagarbha and buddhadhātu. Tathāgatagarbha means "the womb" or "embryo" (garbha) of the "thus-gone" (tathagata),[note 3] or "containing a tathagata", while buddhadhātu literally means "Buddha-realm" or "Buddha-substrate".[note 4] Tathāgatagarbha has a wide range of (sometimes conflicting) meanings in Indian and later East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist literature, and the idea of Buddha-nature may refer to, among others, the luminous nature of mind,[3][4][5] the pure (visuddhi), undefiled mind,[3] "the natural and true state of the mind";[6] sunyata, an emptiness that is a nonimplicative negation (Madhyamaka);[4] the alaya-vijñana (store-consciousness)(Yogacara);[4] the interpenetration of all dharmas; and the potential for all sentient beings to attain liberation. Debates on what the term means continues to be a major part of Mahayana Buddhist scholastics. Rangtong is the majority Tibetan teaching on the nature of śūnyatā or "emptiness", namely that all phenomena are empty of a self-nature in both the relative and absolute sense, without positing anything beyond that.[1] This position is the mainstream Tibetan interpretation of Madhyamaka, especially by the followers of Prasaṅgika Mādhyamaka. Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), who also wrote in response to shentong, is the most outspoken defendant of rangtong. He saw emptiness as a consequence of dependent designation, the teaching that no thing or phenomenon has an existence of its own, but always comes into existence in dependence upon conceptual designation by a conscious mind. (See Designation & "Conventional Truth".) Tsongkhapa's view on "ultimate reality" is condensed in the sort text In Praise of Dependent Arising[12] c.q. In Praise of Relativity[13][14] c.q. The Essence of Eloquency.[14] It states that "things" do exist conventionally, but ultimately everything is dependently arisen, and therefore void of inherent existence:[14] Whatever depends on causes and conditions Is empty of intrinsic reality What excellent instruction could there be More marvellous than this discovery?[14] This means that conventionally things do exist, and that there is no use in denying that. But it also means that ultimately those things have no 'existence of their own', and that cognizing them as such results from cognitive operations, not from some unchangeable essence.[15] Tsongkhapa: Since objects do not exist through their own nature, they are established as existing through the force of convention.[15] It also means that there is no "transcendental ground," and that "ultimate reality" has no existence of its own, but is the negation of such a transcendental reality, and the impossibility of any statement on such an ultimately existing transcendental reality: it is no more than a fabrication of the mind.[14] Susan Kahn further explains: Ultimate truth does not point to a transcendent reality, but to the transcendence of deception. It is critical to emphasize that the ultimate truth of emptiness is a negational truth. In looking for inherently existent phenomena it is revealed that it cannot be found. This absence is not findable because it is not an entity, just as a room without an elephant in it does not contain an elephantless substance. Even conventionally, elephantlessness does not exist. Ultimate truth or emptiness does not point to an essence or nature, however subtle, that everything is made of.[15]

Answer 449

FANTASIA - PERCEPTION BASED ON SENSE EXPERIENCE In Hellenistic philosophy the term phantasiai (φαντασίαι) is information based on sense experience. Plato described phantasiai as a blend of perception and doxa (judgement/opinion).[1] Aristotle placed phantasiai between perception and thought. For Aristotle phantasiai is based on sense perception[2] and includes mental images, dreams, and hallucinations.[3] The Pyrrhonists, Epicureans, and the Stoics use the term to refer to information received through the senses. In translations of Pyrrhonist texts the term is usually rendered as "appearances" but in translations of Stoic texts there is no consensus how to translate the term, with "appearance," "impression," "presentation," and "representation" all in use.[4]

Answer 450

DOXA - DOGMA - TRUE OPINION - GODS TRUE JUDGEMENT Doxa (ancient Greek δόξα; from verb δοκεῖν dokein, "to appear", "to seem", "to think" and "to accept"[1]) is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion. In classical rhetoric, doxa is contrasted with episteme (knowledge). The word doxa picked up a new meaning between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC when the Septuagint translated the biblical Hebrew word for "glory" (כבוד, kavod) as doxa. This translation of the Hebrew Scriptures was used by the early church and is quoted frequently by the New Testament authors. The effects of this new meaning of doxa as "glory" is made evident by the ubiquitous use of the word throughout the New Testament and in the worship services of the Greek Orthodox Church, where the glorification of God in true worship is also seen as true belief. In that context, doxa reflects behavior or practice in worship, and the belief of the whole church rather than personal opinion. It is the unification of these multiple meanings of doxa that is reflected in the modern terms of orthodoxy[2] and heterodoxy.[3][4] This semantic merging in the word doxa is also seen in Russian word слава (slava), which means glory, but is used with the meaning of belief, opinion in words like православие (pravoslavie, meaning orthodoxy, or, literally, true belief). δόξᾰ • (dóxa) f (genitive δόξης); first declension expectation opinion, judgement, belief glory, honor Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dóḱs(e)h₂, from *deḱ- (whence δοκέω (dokéō)) or with some other influence directly from δοκέω (dokéō). δέχομαι • (dékhomai) (Attic) To accept, receive From Proto-Indo-European Root *deḱ- (“take, perceive”) ``` δόξῐς • (dóxis) f (genitive δόξεως); third declension Noun expectation judgement opinion ``` δοκέω • (dokéō) Verb To expect, think, suppose, imagine To seem, to be thought [+dative = to someone, by someone], [+infinitive = that ...] (impersonal, δοκεῖ) It seems [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to think (impersonal, δοκεῖ) It seems good [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to resolve To be reputed [+infinitive = that ...] According to Beekes, derived from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “I take, accept”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take”). Cognate to Latin doceō (“I teach, show, rehearse”) and Latin dīgnus (“fitting, worthy”). ``` δόξᾰ • (dóxa) f (genitive δόξης); first declension Noun expectation opinion, judgement, belief glory, honor ``` ——————————— LATIN dignus (feminine digna, neuter dignum, comparative dignior, superlative dignissimus); first/second-declension adjective appropriate, fitting, worthy, meet Vere dignum et justum est... - "It is truly right and just..." (from the Preface of the Roman Liturgy) doceō (present infinitive docēre, perfect active docuī, supine doctum); second conjugation I teach, instruct; tell, inform; show, demonstrate Omnium scientiārum prīnceps, Salmantica docet. ― The University of Salamanca, first in all fields of knowledge, teaches. (drama) I rehearse, present on stage. glōria f (genitive glōriae); first declension glory, renown, fame, honor vocative singular of glōria For *gnōria, maybe through *ǵnoh₃ris (“knowledge”) (compare Ancient Greek γνώριμος (gnṓrimos, “well-known, familiar”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know, recognize”). For the dissimilation compare grōma from Ancient Greek γνῶμα (gnôma). Cognate with gnāvus, gnārus, ignōrō (with no dissimilation), nārrō, and also nōscō. glōriātiō f (genitive glōriātiōnis); third declension glorying, boasting, vaunting, exulting ``` exsultō (present infinitive exsultāre, perfect active exsultāvī, supine exsultātum); first conjugation I leap up (frequently) I exult in, rejoice I revel I boast ``` Derived from ex + saltō (“I jump, dance”) saltō (present infinitive saltāre, perfect active saltāvī, supine saltātum); first conjugation I dance, jump. I portray or represent in a dance, pantomime ``` salto m (plural salti) jump, leap, spring, bound Synonym: balzo (figuratively) change, jump, leap, rise, drop Synonyms: cambiamento, aumento, caduta short call, short distance, hop drop, fall Synonym: dislivello gap (music) interval, leap ``` ——————————————- ENGLISH glory (countable and uncountable, plural glories) Great or overwhelming beauty or splendour. Honour, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; renown. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honour. Worship or praise. An optical phenomenon caused by water droplets, consisting of concentric rings and somewhat similar to a rainbow. Victory; success. An emanation of light supposed to shine from beings that are specially holy. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line. (theology) The manifestation of the presence of God as perceived by humans in Abrahamic religions. (obsolete) Pride; boastfulness; arrogance. ``` Synonyms (emanation of light proceeding from specially holy beings): halo praise worship fame honor honour ``` From Middle English glory, glorie, from Old French glorie (“glory”), from Latin glōria (“glory, fame, renown, praise, ambition, boasting”). Doublet of gloria. ``` glory (third-person singular simple present glories, present participle glorying, simple past and past participle gloried) Verb To exult with joy; to rejoice. To boast; to be proud. (archaic, poetic) To shine radiantly. ```

Answer 451

GLORY - KNOWN TRUTH γνώριμος • (gnórimos) m (feminine γνώριμη, neuter γνώριμο) (“familiar, known”) From γνωρίζω (“to know, recognise”) +‎ -ιμος (-doctrine) γνώριμος • (gnórimos) m (feminine γνώριμη, neuter γνώριμο) Adjective familiar, known γνωστός • (gnostós) m (feminine γνωστή, neuter γνωστό) Adjective known, familiar ``` γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) Verb know (something), be aware, recognize know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance ``` γνώση • (gnósi) f (plural γνώσεις) Abstract noun knowledge, scholarship (knowing; understanding) See also υποτροφία f (“scholarship - student award”) Derived term πεδίο γνώσης n (pedío gnósis, “field of knowledge”) γνώστης • (gnóstis) m or f (plural γνώστες, feminine γνώστρια) Masculine Agent Noun expert γνώστρια • (gnóstria) f (plural γνώστριες, masculine γνώστης) Feminine Agent Noun expert ———————————————- Derived terms αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”) παραγνωρίζω (paragnorízo, “overlook”) πρωτογνωρίζω (protognorízo, “meet for the first time”) ``` Related terms αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) ``` See also ξέρω (xéro, “to know a fact”)

Answer 452

INGLORIOUS - IGNORANCE - UNKNOWN αγνώριστος • (agnóristos) m (feminine αγνώριστη, neuter αγνώριστο) unrecognisable (UK), unrecognizable (US) Antonyms αναγνωρίσιμος (anagnorísimos, “recognisable”) Related terms γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know, to meet”) άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (feminine άγνωστη, neuter άγνωστο) Adjective unknown, strange άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (plural άγνωστοι) Noun stranger (a person one does not know) (mathematics) unknown

Answer 453

EXULTATION ``` exsultō (present infinitive exsultāre, perfect active exsultāvī, supine exsultātum); first conjugation I leap up (frequently) I exult in, rejoice I revel I boast ``` Derived from ex + saltō (“I jump, dance”) saltō (present infinitive saltāre, perfect active saltāvī, supine saltātum); first conjugation I dance, jump. I portray or represent in a dance, pantomime ``` salto m (plural salti) jump, leap, spring, bound Synonym: balzo (figuratively) change, jump, leap, rise, drop Synonyms: cambiamento, aumento, caduta short call, short distance, hop drop, fall Synonym: dislivello gap (music) interval, leap ```

Answer 454

LUMINOUS MIND ``` Luminous mind (Skt: prabhāsvara-citta or ābhāsvara-citta,Pali: pabhassara citta; T. ’od gsal gyi sems; C. 光明心 guangmingxin; J. 光明心 kōmyōshin; K. kwangmyŏngsim) is a Buddhist term which appears in a sutta of the Pali Anguttara Nikaya as well as numerous Mahayana texts and Buddhist tantras.[1] It is variously translated as "brightly shining mind", or "mind of clear light" while the related term luminosity (Skt. prabhāsvaratā; Tib.’od gsal ba; Ch. guāng míng; Jpn. kōmyō; Kor. kwangmyōng) is also translated as "clear light" in Tibetan Buddhist contexts or, "purity" in East Asian contexts.[2] The term is usually used to describe the mind or consciousness in different ways. This term is given no direct doctrinal explanation in the Pali discourses, but later Buddhist schools explained it using various concepts developed by them.[3] The Theravada school identifies the "luminous mind" with the bhavanga, a concept first proposed in the Theravada Abhidhamma.[4] The later schools of the Mahayana identify it with both the Mahayana concepts of bodhicitta and tathagatagarbha.[5] The notion is of central importance in the philosophy and practice of Dzogchen.[6] ```

Answer 455

ATTITUDE συμπεριφορά • (symperiforá) f (plural συμπεριφορές) behaviour (UK), behavior (US) Τι συμπεριφορά είναι αυτή; ― Ti symperiforá eínai aftí? ― What kind of behaviour is that? attitude From συμ- (together, with) + περι- (circumscribed) + φορά (carry) ``` φορά • (phorá) f (genitive φορᾶς); first declension 1. an act (from the active voice) 2. carrying 3. gestation 4. bringing in of money, payment 5. bringing forth, productiveness (from the passive voice) 6. being borne or carried along, motion 7. rapid motion, rush (of persons) impulse; tendency; line of thought or action 8. time, occasion (as a thing) that which is borne 9. load, freight, burden 10. rent, tribute 11. that which is brought forth, fruit, produce, crop ``` From φέρω (“to bring, bear, carry”) +‎ -η (-abstract noun). ———————————- φέρσιμο • (férsimo) n (plural φερσίματα) Noun (-ism doctrine) manner, behaviour (UK), behavior (US), demeanour (UK), demeanor (US)

Answer 456

A Venn/Euler diagram which grants that truth and well-justified belief may be distinguished and that their intersection is knowledge[citation needed] Epistemology is concerned with delineating the boundary between justified belief and opinion,[19] and involved generally with a theoretical philosophical study of knowledge. The primary problem in epistemology is to understand exactly what is needed in order for us to have knowledge. In a notion derived from Plato's dialogue Theaetetus, where the epistemology of Socrates (Platon) most clearly departs from that of the sophists, who at the time of Plato seem to have defined knowledge as what is here expressed as "justified true belief". The tendency to translate from belief (here: doxa – common opinion) to knowledge (here: episteme), which Plato (e.g. Socrates of the dialogue) utterly dismisses, results from failing to distinguish a dispositive belief (gr. 'doxa', not 'pistis') from knowledge (episteme) when the opinion is regarded true (here: orthé), in terms of right, and juristically so (according to the premises of the dialogue), which was the task of the rhetors to prove. Plato dismisses this possibility of an affirmative relation between belief (i.e. opinion) and knowledge even when the one who opines grounds his belief on the rule, and is able to add justification (gr. logos: reasonable and necessarily plausible assertions/evidence/guidance) to it.[20] Plato has been credited for the "justified true belief" theory of knowledge, even though Plato in the Theaetetus (dialogue) elegantly dismisses it, and even posits this argument of Socrates as a cause for his death penalty. Among American epistemologists, Gettier (1963)[21] and Goldman (1967),[22] have questioned the "justified true belief" definition, and challenged the "sophists" of their time.

Answer 457

Justified true belief JUSTIFIED + TRUTH + BELIEF Justified true belief is a definition of knowledge that gained approval during the Enlightenment, "justified" standing in contrast to "revealed". There have been attempts to trace it back to Plato and his dialogues.[clarification needed][23] The concept of justified true belief states that in order to know that a given proposition is true, one must not only believe the relevant true proposition, but also have justification for doing so. An agent S knows that a proposition P is true if and only if: P is true S believes that P is true If P is true, then S is true Therefore, S is justified in believing that - P is true This theory of knowledge suffered a significant setback with the discovery of Gettier problems, situations in which the above conditions were seemingly met but where many philosophers deny that anything is known.[24] Robert Nozick suggested a clarification of "justification" which he believed eliminates the problem: the justification has to be such that were the justification false, the knowledge would be false.[25] Bernecker and Dretske (2000) argue that "no epistemologist since Gettier has seriously and successfully defended the traditional view."[26]:3 On the other hand, Paul Boghossian argues that the justified true belief account is the "standard, widely accepted" definition of knowledge. The JTB account holds that knowledge is equivalent to justified true belief; if all three conditions (justification, truth, and belief) are met of a given claim, then we have knowledge of that claim. Gettier claims to have shown that the JTB account is inadequate; that it does not account for all of the necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge. Russell's case, called the stopped clock case, goes as follows:[3] Alice sees a clock that reads two o'clock and believes that the time is two o'clock. It is, in fact, two o'clock. There's a problem, however: unknown to Alice, the clock she's looking at stopped twelve hours ago. Alice thus has an accidentally true, justified belief. Russell provides an answer of his own to the problem. Edmund Gettier's formulation of the problem was important as it coincided with the rise of the sort of philosophical naturalism promoted by W. V. O. Quine and others, and was used as a justification for a shift towards externalist theories of justification.[4] John L. Pollock and Joseph Cruz have stated that the Gettier problem has "fundamentally altered the character of contemporary epistemology" and has become "a central problem of epistemology since it poses a clear barrier to analyzing knowledge". KNOWLEDGE versus BELIEF Case I[edit] Suppose that Smith and Jones have applied for a certain job. And suppose that Smith has strong evidence for the following conjunctive proposition: (d) Jones is the man who will get the job, and Jones has ten coins in his pocket. Smith's evidence for (d) might be that the president of the company assured him that Jones would, in the end, be selected and that he, Smith, had counted the coins in Jones's pocket ten minutes ago. Proposition (d) entails: (e) The man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. Let us suppose that Smith sees the entailment from (d) to (e), and accepts (e) on the grounds of (d), for which he has strong evidence. In this case, Smith is clearly justified in believing that (e) is true. But imagine, further, that unknown to Smith, he himself, not Jones, will get the job. And, also, unknown to Smith, he himself has ten coins in his pocket. Proposition (e) is true, though proposition (d), from which Smith inferred (e), is false. In our example, then, all of the following are true: (i) (e) is true, (ii) Smith believes that (e) is true, and (iii) Smith is justified in believing that (e) is true. But it is equally clear that Smith does not know that (e) is true; for (e) is true in virtue of the number of coins in Smith's pocket, while Smith does not know how many coins are in his pocket, and bases his belief in (e) on a count of the coins in Jones's pocket, whom he falsely believes to be the man who will get the job.[1] Case II[edit] Smith, it is claimed by the hidden interlocutor, has a justified belief that "Jones owns a Ford". Smith therefore (justifiably) concludes (by the rule of disjunction introduction) that "Jones owns a Ford, or Brown is in Barcelona", even though Smith has no information whatsoever about the location of Brown. In fact, Jones does not own a Ford, but by sheer coincidence, Brown really is in Barcelona. Again, Smith had a belief that was true and justified, but not knowledge.

Answer 458

HETERODOXY - HERESY - NONCONFORMITY Heterodoxy in a religious sense means "any opinions or doctrines at variance with an official or orthodox position".[1] Under this definition, heterodoxy is similar to unorthodoxy, while the adjective "heterodox" could be applied to a dissident. Heterodoxy is also an ecclesiastical term of art, defined in various ways by different religions and churches. For example, in the apostolic churches (the Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of the East, the Anglican Communion, and the Non-Chalcedonian or Oriental churches), heterodoxy may describe beliefs that differ from strictly orthodox views, but that fall short either of formal or of material heresy. Eastern Orthodoxy[edit] In the Orthodox Church, the term is used primarily in reference to Christian churches and denominations not belonging to the communion of Eastern Orthodox churches and espousing doctrines contrary to the received Holy Tradition.[2] Also, it describes any theological position, moral principle, spiritual practice, or lifestyle thought to be inconsistent with the catholic Rule of Faith. In general, this term is used in two distinct senses: to label a theological system or viewpoint which, although erroneous and unacceptable to hold or promote within Orthodoxy, has not been formally defined as heresy. to label a theological system or viewpoint which is both contrary to Orthodoxy and whose adherents have not been baptized into the Church, so that the attribution of heresy would be improper. Roman Catholicism[edit] Heterodoxy in the Roman Catholic Church refers to views that differ from strictly orthodox views, but retain sufficient faithfulness to the original doctrine to avoid heresy. Many Roman Catholics profess some heterodox views, either on doctrinal or social issues.[3] For example, the orthodox Catholic position on unbaptized infants is that their fate is uncertain, and "the Church can only entrust them to the mercy of God" (Catechism of the Catholic Church 1261). A heterodox Catholic might profess the belief that unbaptized infants are allotted to Limbo and then offered the option to accept or deny salvation by God at their judgment. The belief is not orthodox, as the Church does not profess a belief as to what happens to unbaptized infants; however, it is also not heresy, as the church accepts that such a scenario might be possible. Protestantism[edit] Many Protestants, such as Lutherans, use the term heterodox to describe Christian teachings which are not in agreement with their understanding of scripture. As Charles Spurgeon said: ... you shall find spiritual life in every church. I know it is the notion of the bigot, that all the truly godly people belong to the denomination which he adorns. Orthodoxy is my doxy; heterodoxy is anybody else's doxy who does not agree with me.[4]

Answer 459

WE DO NOT KNOW AND WILL NOT KNOW I KNOW THAT I KNOW NOTHING Ignoramus et ignorabimus The Latin maxim ignoramus et ignorabimus, meaning "we do not know and will not know", represents the idea that scientific knowledge is limited. It was publicized, in this sense, by Emil du Bois-Reymond, a German physiologist, in his publication Über die Grenzen des Naturerkennens ("On the limits of our understanding of nature") of 1872. F rom Latin ("ipse se nihil scire id unum sciat"[2]), is a possible paraphrase from a Greek text (see below). It is also quoted as "scio me nihil scire" or "scio me nescire".[3] It was later back-translated to Katharevousa Greek as "[ἓν οἶδα ὅτι] οὐδὲν οἶδα", [èn oîda óti] oudèn oîda).[4]

Answer 460

QUALIA - HARD PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS πηλῐ́κος • (pēlíkos) m (feminine πηλῐ́κη, neuter πηλῐ́κον); first/second declension (interrogative) how great (interrogative) of what magnitude (interrogative) of what age In philosophy and certain models of psychology, qualia (/ˈkwɑːliə/ or /ˈkweɪliə/; singular form: quale) are defined as individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term qualia derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkʷaːlɪs]) meaning "of what sort" or "of what kind" in a specific instance, such as "what it is like to taste a specific apple, this particular apple now". From Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“interrogative, relative stem”) and maybe *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root). Cognate with Ancient Greek πηλίκος (pēlíkos). ``` From Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“interrogative, relative stem”) and maybe *h₂el- (“to grow”). *kʷís who, what (interrogative) who, which, that (relative) *kʷós which, what ``` —————————————— LATIN cuius (feminine cuia, neuter cuium); first/second-declension determiner (interrogative) whose? (relative) whose quālis (interrogative) of what kind, what kind of (relative) of such kind, such as quis m (feminine quis, neuter quid) (substantive interrogative pronoun) who, what Quis es? Who are you? Quis es tū? Who are you? (with emphasis on the word 'you') Quis ut Deus? Who is like God? Quid accidit? What happened? Quis custōdiet ipsōs custōdēs? Who watches the watchmen? (in the neuter quid) how, why (indefinite pronoun, alone and after si, nisi, num, ne) someone, something, anyone, anything; any (alternative form for nominative singular masculine of adjectival interrogative pronoun quī) which quaesītus (feminine quaesīta, neuter quaesītum); first/second-declension participle sought for, having been sought for asked, having been asked, questioned, having been questioned striven for, having been striven for missed, having been missed, lacked, having been lacked desired, having been desired special, having been special far-fetched, having been far-fetched ``` quaerō (present infinitive quaerere, perfect active quaesīvī or quaesiī, supine quaesītum); third conjugation I seek, look for Quaerendo invenietis By seeking ye shall find. Quaerite Dominum Seek ye the Lord I ask, question, inquire, query. I strive for; endeavor; seek to obtain I miss, lack I desire, require, want ``` Etymology[edit] Uncertain. According to Nussbaum and de Vaan, from Proto-Italic *kʷaizeō, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂- (“to acquire”), via a se/o-present built upon an i-present form *kʷeh₂-i- (“to acquire”). In this case, cognates would include Ancient Greek πέπαμαι (pépamai, “to get, acquire”), Old Prussian quoi (“I/you want”) and quāits (“desire”), Lithuanian kviẽsti (“to invite”) and probably Albanian kam (“I have”). —————————————— The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining why and how sentient organisms have qualia[note 1] or phenomenal experiences—how and why it is that some internal states are subjective, felt states, such as heat or pain, rather than merely nonsubjective, unfelt states, as in a thermostat or a toaster.[2] The philosopher David Chalmers, who introduced the term "hard problem" of consciousness,[3] contrasts this with the "easy problems" of explaining the ability to discriminate, integrate information, report mental states, focus attention, and so forth.[4] Easy problems are (relatively) easy because all that is required for their solution is to specify a mechanism that can perform the function.[4] That is, regardless of how complex or poorly understood the phenomena of the easy problems may be, they can eventually be understood by relying entirely on standard scientific methodologies.[4] Chalmers claims that the problem of experience is distinct from this set and will "persist even when the performance of all the relevant functions is explained".[4] Qualia[edit] Main article: Qualia Many mental states seem to be experienced subjectively in different ways by different individuals.[32] And it is characteristic of a mental state that it has some experiential quality, e.g. of pain, that it hurts. However, the sensation of pain between two individuals may not be identical, since no one has a perfect way to measure how much something hurts or of describing exactly how it feels to hurt. Philosophers and scientists therefore ask where these experiences come from. The existence of cerebral events, in and of themselves, cannot explain why they are accompanied by these corresponding qualitative experiences. The puzzle of why many cerebral processes occur with an accompanying experiential aspect in consciousness seems impossible to explain.[31] Yet it also seems to many that science will eventually have to explain such experiences.[53] This follows from an assumption about the possibility of reductive explanations. According to this view, if an attempt can be successfully made to explain a phenomenon reductively (e.g., water), then it can be explained why the phenomenon has all of its properties (e.g., fluidity, transparency).[53] In the case of mental states, this means that there needs to be an explanation of why they have the property of being experienced in a certain way. The 20th-century German philosopher Martin Heidegger criticized the ontological assumptions underpinning such a reductive model, and claimed that it was impossible to make sense of experience in these terms. This is because, according to Heidegger, the nature of our subjective experience and its qualities is impossible to understand in terms of Cartesian "substances" that bear "properties". Another way to put this is that the very concept of qualitative experience is incoherent in terms of—or is semantically incommensurable with the concept of—substances that bear properties.[72] This problem of explaining introspective first-person aspects of mental states and consciousness in general in terms of third-person quantitative neuroscience is called the explanatory gap.[73] There are several different views of the nature of this gap among contemporary philosophers of mind. David Chalmers and the early Frank Jackson interpret the gap as ontological in nature; that is, they maintain that qualia can never be explained by science because physicalism is false. There are two separate categories involved and one cannot be reduced to the other.[74] An alternative view is taken by philosophers such as Thomas Nagel and Colin McGinn. According to them, the gap is epistemological in nature. For Nagel, science is not yet able to explain subjective experience because it has not yet arrived at the level or kind of knowledge that is required. We are not even able to formulate the problem coherently.[32] For McGinn, on other hand, the problem is one of permanent and inherent biological limitations. We are not able to resolve the explanatory gap because the realm of subjective experiences is cognitively closed to us in the same manner that quantum physics is cognitively closed to elephants.[75] Other philosophers liquidate the gap as purely a semantic problem. This semantic problem, of course, led to the famous "Qualia Question", which is: Does Red cause Redness?

Answer 461

NEW MYSTERIANISM New mysterianism—or commonly just mysterianism—is a philosophical position proposing that the hard problem of consciousness cannot be resolved by humans. The unresolvable problem is how to explain the existence of qualia (individual instances of subjective, conscious experience). In terms of the various schools of philosophy of mind, mysterianism is a form of nonreductive physicalism. Some "mysterians" state their case uncompromisingly (Colin McGinn has said that consciousness is "a mystery that human intelligence will never unravel"); others believe merely that consciousness is not within the grasp of present human understanding, but may be comprehensible to future advances of science and technology. In the view of the new mysterians, their contention that the hard problem of consciousness is unsolvable is not a presupposition, but rather a philosophical conclusion reached by thinking carefully about the issue. The standard argument is as follows: Subjective experiences by their very nature cannot be shared or compared side-by-side. Therefore, it is impossible to know what subjective experiences another person is having. Noam Chomsky distinguishes between problems, which seem solvable, at least in principle, through scientific methods, and mysteries, which do not seem solvable, even in principle. He notes that the cognitive capabilities of all organisms are limited by biology, e.g. a mouse will never speak like a human. In the same way, certain problems may be beyond our understanding.

Answer 462

The upper levels on this chart can be considered to supervene on the lower chart. In philosophy, supervenience refers to a relation between sets of properties or sets of facts. X is said to supervene on Y if and only if some difference in Y is necessary for any difference in X to be possible. Here are some examples: Whether there is a table in the living room supervenes on the positions of molecules in the living room. The truth value of (A) supervenes on the truth value of (¬A). Molecular properties supervene on atomic properties. The quality of Nixon's moral character supervenes on how he is disposed to act. These are examples of supervenience because in each case the truth values of some propositions cannot vary unless the truth values of some other propositions vary. Supervenience is of interest to philosophers because it differs from other nearby relations, for example entailment. Some philosophers believe it possible for some A to supervene on some B without being entailed by B. In such cases it may seem puzzling why A should supervene on B and equivalently why changes in A should require changes in B. Two important applications of supervenience involve cases like this. One of these is the supervenience of mental properties (like the sensation of pain) on physical properties (like the firing of 'pain neurons'). A second is the supervenience of normative facts (facts about how things ought to be) on natural facts (facts about how things are). These applications are elaborated below. But an illustrative note bears adding here. It is sometimes claimed[by whom?] (and has been claimed in earlier versions of this entry) that what is at issue in these problems is the supervenience claim itself. For example, it has been claimed that what is at issue with respect to the mind-body problem is whether mental phenomena do in fact supervene on physical phenomena. This is incorrect. It is by and large agreed that some form of supervenience holds in these cases: Pain happens when the appropriate neurons fire. The disagreement is over why this is so. Materialists claim that we observe supervenience because the neural phenomena entail the mental phenomena, while dualists deny this. The dualist's challenge is to explain supervenience without entailment.[citation needed] The problem is similar with respect to the supervenience of normative facts on natural facts. It is agreed that facts about how persons ought to act are not entailed by natural facts but cannot vary unless natural facts vary, and this rigid binding without entailment might seem puzzling. The possibility of "supervenience without entailment" or "supervenience without reduction" is contested territory among philosophers.

Answer 463

SIGNIFICANT σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension significant, giving signs From σημαίνω (sēmaínō, “to indicate”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós). ``` σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “a mark”) From σῆμᾰ (“mark, sign”) +‎ -ῐον (-adjective). σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension mark, sign, token a sign from the gods, an omen, portent a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin a token by which one's identity or commission was certified a constellation From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) +‎ -μᾰ (-instance). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”). ``` σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time ``` -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of").

Answer 464

INTENTIONALITY πρόθεση πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) (grammar) preposition intent, intention, purpose From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”). προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m (feminine προθετῐκή, neuter προθετῐκόν); first/second declension of or for prefixing; prepositional From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) +‎ -ικός (-adjective). John Searle—one of the most influential philosophers of mind, proponent of biological naturalism (Berkeley 2002) Intentionality is the capacity of mental states to be directed towards (about) or be in relation with something in the external world.[27] This property of mental states entails that they have contents and semantic referents and can therefore be assigned truth values. When one tries to reduce these states to natural processes there arises a problem: natural processes are not true or false, they simply happen.[76] It would not make any sense to say that a natural process is true or false. But mental ideas or judgments are true or false, so how then can mental states (ideas or judgments) be natural processes? The possibility of assigning semantic value to ideas must mean that such ideas are about facts. Thus, for example, the idea that Herodotus was a historian refers to Herodotus and to the fact that he was a historian. If the fact is true, then the idea is true; otherwise, it is false. But where does this relation come from? In the brain, there are only electrochemical processes and these seem not to have anything to do with Herodotus.

Answer 465

MIND BODY PROBLEM René Descartes' illustration of mind/body dualism. Descartes believed inputs were passed on by the sensory organs to the epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit. Different approaches toward resolving the mind–body problem The mind–body problem is a debate concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind, and the brain as part of the physical body. It is distinct from the question of how mind and body function chemically and physiologically, as that question presupposes an interactionist account of mind–body relations.[1] This question arises when mind and body are considered as distinct, based on the premise that the mind and the body are fundamentally different in nature.[1] Monism maintains that there is only one unifying reality, substance or essence, in terms of which everything can be explained. The two main forms of dualism are substance dualism, which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics, and property dualism, which holds that mental properties involving conscious experience are fundamental properties, alongside the fundamental properties identified by a completed physics. The three main forms of monism are 1. (‘physicalism”) which holds that the mind consists of matter organized in a particular way; 2. (“idealism”) which holds that only thought truly exists and matter is merely an illusion; and 3. (“neutral monism”) which holds that both mind and matter are aspects of a distinct essence that is itself identical to neither of them. 4. Psychophysical parallelism is a third possible alternative regarding the relation between mind and body, between interaction (dualism) and one-sided action (monism).

Answer 466

RECEIVE ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize (of a god) I possess (of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand (logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure I check myself ``` ``` λαμβάνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: lambanó Phonetic Spelling: (lam-ban'-o) Definition: to take, receive Usage: (a) I receive, get, (b) I take, lay hold of. ``` 2983 lambánō (from the primitive root, lab-, meaning "actively lay hold of to take or receive," see NAS dictionary) – properly, to lay hold by aggressively (actively) accepting what is available (offered). 2983 /lambánō ("accept with initiative") emphasizes the volition (assertiveness) of the receiver. ————————————————- λαβαίνω • (lavaíno) (past έλαβα, passive —) Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno) Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning... this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (“to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”) ————————————————— Cognates including Old English læċċan (English latch). læċċan (“to seize”) From Proto-Germanic *lakjaną (“to seize”) From Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂gʷ- (“to take, seize”). ———————————————- seize (third-person singular simple present seizes, present participle seizing, simple past and past participle seized) (transitive) To deliberately take hold of; to grab or capture. Synonyms: clasp, grasp, grip; see also Thesaurus:grasp (transitive) To take advantage of (an opportunity or circumstance). Synonym: jump on (transitive) To take possession of (by force, law etc.). Synonyms: arrogate, commandeer, confiscate to seize smuggled goods to seize a ship after libeling (transitive) To have a sudden and powerful effect upon. a panic seized the crowd a fever seized him (transitive, nautical) To bind, lash or make fast, with several turns of small rope, cord, or small line. to seize two fish-hooks back to back to seize or stop one rope on to another (transitive, obsolete) To fasten, fix. (intransitive) To lay hold in seizure, by hands or claws (+ on or upon). to seize on the neck of a horse (intransitive) To have a seizure. (intransitive) To bind or lock in position immovably; see also seize up. Rust caused the engine to seize, never to run again. (Britain, intransitive) To submit for consideration to a deliberative body. (law) (with of) To cause (an action or matter) to be or remain before (a certain judge or court). This Court will remain seized of this matter. Compare Old English sacian (“to strive, brawl”) ``` Old French - seisir to grip (hold firmly) to seize (take by force) ``` ———————————————- LATIN From Medieval Latin sacire, present active infinitive of saciō. Cognates Latin - Carpe Carpe diem is a Latin aphorism, usually (though questionably) translated "seize the day", taken from book 1 of the Roman poet Horace's work Odes (23 BC). Carpe is the second-person singular present active imperative of carpō "pick or pluck" used by Horace to mean "enjoy, seize, use, make use of". Latin carpō (“to pick”), and κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”). From Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“pluck, harvest”) κᾰρπός • (karpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) fruit, grain, produce, harvest the product of something: children (fruit of the body), poetry (fruit of the mind), profit From Ancient Greek κᾰρπός (karpós, “fruit, grain”). Noun[edit] καρπός • (karpós) m (plural καρποί) fruit, grain Etymology 2 κᾰρπός • (karpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension wrist Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp- (“to turn”)

Answer 467

CONCEIVE From σῠν- (“with”) +‎ λᾰμβᾰ́νω (“I take”) ``` σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (sullambánō) I collect, gather; I rally I take with me, carry off I put together, close, enclose I combine in pronunciation I comprise I take hold of, seize I apprehend, arrest I comprehend I receive at the same time I conceive a child I take with (e.g. as an assistant) (with dative of person) I assist (middle, with genitive of object) I take part in ``` PREFIX σῠν- • (sun-) with, together, co-, syn- indicates completeness Alternative forms[edit] ξυν- (xun-) – old Attic συ- (su-) – before ζ (z) and before σ (s) plus consonant συγ- (sug-) – before the velar consonants γ, κ, ξ, χ (g, k, x, kh) συλ- (sul-) – before λ (l) συμ- (sum-) – before the labial consonants β, μ, π, φ (b, m, p, ph) συρ- (sur-) – before ρ (r) συσ- (sus-) – before σ (s) plus vowel

Answer 468

PERCEIVE αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (past αντιλήφθηκα) realise, understand, see through

Answer 469

OCCUPY - OCCUPATION - SEIZURE καταλαμβάνω ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, happen to, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` From κατα- (kata-, “against”) +‎ λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”) καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize”) ``` καταλαμβάνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katalambanó Phonetic Spelling: (kat-al-am-ban'-o) Definition: to lay hold of, seize Usage: (a) I seize tight hold of, arrest, catch, capture, appropriate, (b) I overtake, (c) mid. aor: I perceived, comprehended. ``` 2638 katalambánō (from 2596 /katá, "down, according to," which intensifies 2983 /lambánō, "aggressively take") – properly, take hold of exactly, with decisive initiative (eager self-interest); to grasp something in a forceful (firm) manner; (figuratively) to apprehend (comprehend), "making it one's own." Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning, this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). ——————————— καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) (past κατέλαβα, passive καταλαμβάνομαι) seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly)

Answer 470

UNDERSTAND - TAKE NOTICE - REALIZE Greek: καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to notice”) καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —) understand, realise Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning, this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”).

Answer 471

I DON’T UNDERSTAND δεν καταλαβαίνω • (den katalavaíno) I don't understand.

Answer 472

I UNDERSTAND κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.

Answer 473

RECAPTURE - RETAKE ανακαταλαμβάνω • (anakatalamváno) (past ανακατέλαβα, passive ανακαταλαμβάνομαι) (military) recapture, retake ανακατάληψη • (anakatálipsi) f (plural ανακαταλήψεις) (military) recapture, retaking

Answer 474

REALIZE - SEE THROUGH - TO GET IT αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (past αντιλήφθηκα) realise, understand, see through ————————————— Synonyms συνειδητοποιώ (syneiditopoió) συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (past συνειδητοποίησα) realise, be aware of

Answer 475

RECOVER - TAKE BACK - TAKE ASIDE - ENJOY - USE ἀπολαμβάνω • (apolambánō) to receive to take back, recover to take aside From ἀπο- (back, again-) +‎ λαμβάνω (take, receive) απολαμβάνω • (apolamváno) (past απόλαυσα) enjoy synchronically analyzable as απο- (“intensified”) +‎ λαμβάνω (“to get”)

Answer 476

VERY WELL AWARE He is “all to aware” of the deficiencies in the law.

Answer 477

HOPE - WISH - WANT - DESIRE - PREFER - EXPECTATION ``` ἔλπω • (élpō) I cause to hope (middle) I hope, expect I expect anxiously, fear I deem, suppose ``` From Proto-Indo-European Root *welh₁- (imperfective) (“to choose, to want”) ``` ἐλπίζω • (elpízō) to hope for, to look for, expect (of evils) to look for, fear (with present infinitive) to think, deem, suppose, believe (with dative) to hope in ``` From ἐλπίς (“hope”) +‎ -ίζω (-verb). ἐλπῐ́ς • (elpís) f (genitive ἐλπῐ́δος); third declension hope, expectation, belief that something will happen quotations ▼ object of hope anxiety, boding

Answer 478

WILL I will do that Θα το κάνω κάνω • (káno) (past έκανα, passive —) do Θα κάνω ό,τι μου πεις. ― I will do what you say. Τι κάνεις; ― How do you do? make κάνω τοστ ― I make toast cost Πόσο κάνει η βενζίνη; ― How much is the petrol? start or found (e.g. a company) Θα κάνω μια δική μου επιχείρηση. ― I will start my own business. take (time) Το ταξίδι κάνει τρεις ώρες. ― The journey takes three hours. is (weather - cloudy, hot, etc) τι καιρό θα κάνει αύριο; ― What will the weather be tomorrow? produce, give or yield (crop, produce) κάνω μήλα ― produce apples κάνω αυγά ― lay eggs act, impersonate, play a role κάνω τον βλάκα ― play the fool spend time Έκανα δύο εβδομάδες στην Αθήνα.― I had two weeks in Athens. κάνω εμετό (káno emetó, “to vomit”) κάνω κατάληψη (káno katálipsi, “to squat, to occupy a squat”) κάνω πίσω (káno píso, “to recoil, to pull back”) κάνω τόπι στο ξύλο (káno tópi sto xýlo, “to beat someone up”) τα κάνω πλακάκια με (ta káno plakákia me, “to conspire with”) (literally: "to tile something with") Πόσο κάνει; (Póso kánei?, “How much?”)

Answer 479

WANT θέλω • (thélo) (imperfect ήθελα, past θέλησα, passive —) (most senses) want, desire, will Θα ήθελα δύο μπύρες. ― Tha íthela dýo býres. ― I would like two beers. Ο Σταύρος θέλει την Ελένη. ― O Stávros thélei tin Eléni. ― Stavros desires Eleni. Έγινε επειδή έτσι το θέλησε ο Θεός. ― Égine epeidí étsi to thélise o Theós. ― It happened because God willed it. (transitive, most senses) need, require Νομίζω ότι θέλεις κούρεμα. ― Nomízo óti théleis koúrema. ― I think you need a haircut. Για να έχεις επιτυχία θέλει μεγάλη προσπάθεια. ― Gia na écheis epitychía thélei megáli prospátheia. ― For you to have success requires great effort. Το αυτοκίνητο μου θέλει πλύσιμο. ― To aftokínito mou thélei plýsimo. ― My car needs a wash. Αυτός ο άνθρωπος θέλει γερό ξύλο. ― Aftós o ánthropos thélei geró xýlo. ― That person needs a good beating. (intransitive, most senses) intend, mean to, want to (have the intention of) Συγγνώμη, δεν ήθελα να σε προσβάλω. ― Syngnómi, den íthela na se prosválo. ― I'm sorry, I didn't mean to insult you. Το ξέρεις ότι δεν ήθελε να σου κάνει κακό. ― To xéreis óti den íthele na sou kánei kakó. ― You know he didn't mean you any harm. (transitive) owe (money, etc) Τι σου θέλω; ― Ti sou thélo? ― What do I owe you? (transitive) have (depict as being) Οι φήμες θέλουν να τον είχα φιλήσει. ― Oi fímes théloun na ton eícha filísei. ― The rumours have it that I kissed him. (with two instances in the second person singular θες) either ... or Δεν ήρθε απόψε· θες γιατί δεν αισθανόταν καλά, θες γιατί βρήκε κάτι καλύτερο να κάνει. ― Den írthe apópse; thes giatí den aisthanótan kalá, thes giatí vríke káti kalýtero na kánei. ― He didn't come tonight; either he wasn't feeling well or he found something better to do. (transitive) favour (be lucky at something) Αν δεν θέλει κάποιον η τύχη, δεν γίνεται τίποτα. ― An den thélei kápoion i týchi, den gínetai típota. ― If fortune doesn't favour someone, nothing happens. Synonyms (desire): επιθυμώ (epithymó), ποθώ (pothó) (need): χρειάζομαι (chreiázomai) (mean, intend): εννοώ (ennoó), σκοπεύω (skopévo) (owe): χρωστώ (chrostó), οφείλω (ofeílo) (favour): ευνοώ (evnoó) Derived terms[edit] (imperfect form): ήθελα (íthela) θα ήθελα (tha íthela, “I would like”) θα θέλαμε (tha thélame, “we would like”) τα 'θελες και τα 'παθες (ta 'theles kai ta 'pathes, “serves you right”) θα (tha, “particle of future tense”) θενά (thená, “dated particle of future tense”)

Answer 480

OWE οφείλω • (ofeílo) (imperfect όφειλα, passive —) found only in the imperfective tenses (transitive) owe (intransitive) be obliged to οφειλέτης m (ofeilétis, “debtor”) οφειλή f (ofeilí, “debt”) όφελος n (ófelos, “benefit”) and see: ωφελώ (ofeló, “benefit”) χρωστώ • (chrostó) Alternative form of χρωστάω (chrostáo) Polytonic spelling: χρωστῶ (khrōstô) χρωστάω/χρωστώ • (chrostáo/chrostó) (imperfect χρωστούσα/χρώσταγα, passive —) found only in the imperfective tenses owe, be in debt χρεώνω • (chreóno) (past χρέωσα, passive χρεώνομαι) charge, debit ``` αχρέωτος (achréotos) καταχρεώνω (katachreóno) ξεχρεώνω (xechreóno, “I pay my debts”) πιστοχρεώνω (pistochreóno) (“I am good for it”) υποχρεώνω (ypochreóno, “force; oblige”) χρεοκοπώ (chreokopó, “I go bankrupt”) ``` ``` Other related words χρειάζομαι (chreiázomai, “I need”) χρέωμα n (chréoma, “creation of debt”) χρέωση f (chréosi, “debit”) χρεώστης m (chreóstis) χρεωστικός (chreostikós, “debit”, adj) ``` υποχρεώνω • (ypochreóno) (past υποχρέωσα, passive υποχρεώνομαι) and see υποχρεούμαι (ypochreoúmai) oblige, force, obligate, compel Ο νόμος μας υποχρεώνει να τον φυλακίσουμε. ― O nómos mas ypochreónei na ton fylakísoume. ― The law obliges us to imprison him. oblige I cause someone to owe a favour Με βοήθησε τόσο πολύ! Έχω υποχρεωθεί σ' αυτόν τον καλό άνθρωπο! Me voḯthise tóso polý! Écho ypochreotheí s' aftón ton kaló ánthropo! He helped me so much! I feel (am) indebted to this good fellow!

Answer 481

COERCE - COMPEL αναγκάζω • (anagkázo) (past ανάγκασα, passive αναγκάζομαι) compel, coerce obligate αναγκασμός • (anagkasmós) m (plural αναγκασμοί) compulsion, coercion ᾰ̓νᾰγκᾰ́ζω • (anankázō) (transitive, control verb) I force [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something] Synonym: βιάζω (biázō) From ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”) +‎ -άζω (-ázō, denominative verbal suffix). βιάζω • (viázo) (past βίασα, passive βιάζομαι, p‑past βιάστηκα, ppp βιασμένος) (transitive) force, pressure Μην βιάζεις το παιδί, θα φάει όταν είναι έτοιμο. ― Min viázeis to paidí, tha fáei ótan eínai étoimo. ― Don't pressure the child, he'll eat when he's ready. (transitive) rape, violate, ravish (to force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity without consent) Κατηγορείται ότι βίασε δεκαεξάχρονη κοπέλα. ― Katigoreítai óti víase dekaexáchroni kopéla. ― He's accused of raping a sixteen year old girl. (figuratively) rape (to plunder, to destroy or despoil) Ο πόλεμος βίασε την όμορφη χώρα μας και την κατάντησε έρημο τοπίο. O pólemos víase tin ómorfi chóra mas kai tin katántise érimo topío. The war has raped our beautiful country and turned it into a deserted landscape From Ancient Greek βιάζω (biázō, “to use violence, to force”). βία m (vía, “violence; rush”) βία • (vía) f (uncountable) violence force bustle, rush compel (v.) "to drive or urge irresistibly by physical or moral force," mid-14c., from Old French compellir and directly from Latin compellere "to drive together, drive to one place" (of cattle), "to force or compel" (of persons), from com "with, together" (see com-) + pellere "to drive" (from PIE root *pel- (5) "to thrust, strike, drive"). *pel- (5) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to thrust, strike, drive." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek pallein "to wield, brandish, swing," pelemizein "to shake, cause to tremble;" Latin pellere "to push, drive;" Old Church Slavonic plŭstĭ. It forms all or part of: anvil; appeal; catapult; compel; dispel; expel; felt (n.) "unwoven fabric matted together by rolling or beating;" filter; filtrate; impel; impulse; interpellation; interpolate; peal; pelt (v.) "to strike (with something);" polish; propel; pulsate; pulsation; pulse (n.1) "a throb, a beat;" push; rappel; repeal; repel; repousse.

Answer 482

NECESSARY - NECESSITY From Ancient Greek ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “necessity”). ανάγκη • (anágki) f (plural ανάγκες) (most senses) necessity Από ανάγκη πήγαμε μέσω Λονδίνου. ― Apó anágki pígame méso Londínou. ― Out of necessity we went through London. (most senses) need, want, demand Δεν τον ενδιαφέρει οι ανάγκες της γυναίκας του. ― Den ton endiaférei oi anágkes tis gynaíkas tou. ― He is not interested in his wife's needs. (euphemistic) call of nature (need for urination or defecation) Έχετε τουαλέτα; Πρέπει να κάνω την ανάγκη μου. ― Échete toualéta? Prépei na káno tin anágki mou. ― Do you have a toilet? I need to go. ``` Derived terms Expressions αναγκαίο κακό n (anagkaío kakó) έκτακτη ανάγκη f (éktakti anágki, “emergency”, literally “emergency emergency”) εξ ανάγκης (ex anágkis) (formal) ``` Related terms αναγκάζω (anagkázo, “to compel”) αναγκαία n pl (anagkaía, “necessities”) αναγκαίος (anagkaíos, “necessary”) καταναγκάζω (katanagkázo, “compel”) καταναγκασμός m (katanagkasmós, “compulsion”) καταναγκαστικός (katanagkastikós, “compulsory”) καταναγκάζω • (katanagkázo) (past κατανάγκασα, passive καταναγκάζομαι) I force I compel εξαναγκάζω • (exanagkázo) (past εξανάγκασα, passive εξαναγκάζομαι) compel, force πειθαναγκάζω • (peithanagkázo) (past πειθανάγκασα, passive πειθαναγκάζομαι) To enforce a promise. compel, force

Answer 483

COMPREHEND - INCLUDE συμπεριλαμβάνω • (symperilamváno) (past συμπεριέλαβα) Verb include

Answer 484

COMPREHEND χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic) Verb (transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain (figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing] from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Compare λαμβάνω (lambánō). Cognate with Latin prehendo English get ———————————————- prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehēnsum); third conjugation I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of I take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp. From prae- (“before”) +‎ *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- *gʰed- to find to hold akin to Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”) English get. Compare praeda (“prey”) (earlier praeheda) and hedera (“ivy”).

Answer 485

TO ESCAPE NOTICE λᾰνθᾰ́νω • (lanthánō) (active) to escape notice (transitive) escape a person's notice (transitive) to do [+participle or rarely infinitive = something] without being noticed [+accusative = by someone] (intransitive) to do [+participle = something] without knowing it (active) to cause to forget [+genitive = something, someone] (in compounds, ἐκληθάνω (eklēthánō), ἐπιλήθω (epilḗthō), ἐπιλανθάνομαι (epilanthánomai)) (Epic reduplicated aorist, λέλᾰθον) (middle) to forget [+genitive = something, someone] From Proto-Indo-European *lh₂-n-dʰ-, nasal infix present of *leh₂-dʰ- dental extension of *leh₂- (“to be hidden, be covered”). Greek: λήθω (lḗthō, “to lurk, lie hid, be concealed”) Doric Greek λᾱ́θω • (lā́thō) (Doric) Alternative form of λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to escape notice”) Ionic Greek λάθρῃ (láthrēi, “secretly, by stealth; unbeknownst to”). ——————————————- ANTONYM ``` ᾰ̓ληθής • (alēthḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓ληθές); third declension VERB Not hidden, not concealed (of things) true, real, genuine (of people) truthful, honest ``` From ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ λήθω (lḗthō, “hide, forget”) variant of λανθάνω (“to do secretly”), +‎ -ής (adjective suffix) literally, "unconcealed" or "not forgotten". ἀλήθεια • (alḗtheia) f (genitive ἀληθείας); first declension NOUN not a lie truth From ἀληθής (“true”) +‎ -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix) from ἀ- (a-, “not”) and λήθω (lḗthō, “I escape notice, I am hidden”) whence English lethargy (“sluggishness”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“to hide”). ——————————————- LATIN8 lateō (present infinitive latēre, perfect active latuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem Vetb to concealed or in hiding, lurk, skulk Latet anguis in herbā. ― A snake hides in the grass. Sub nōmine pācis bellum latet. ― War lurks under the name of peace. to be hidden and in safety to keep out of sight to live in concealment; to live retired to escape notice, remain unknown Bene quī latuit, bene vīxit. ― He who has well remained unknown has lived well. to be obscure or unknown, lie hidden Id quā ratiōne cōnsecūtus sit latet. ― It is unknown how he obtained that. ——————————————— HITTITE Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂-. 𒌋𒆷𒂊 • (u-la-e) Verb to hide

Answer 486

INSTINCT ένστικτο • (énstikto) n instinct ``` From Latin instinctus, past participle of instinguere (“to incite, to instigate”) from in (“in, on”) + stinguere (“to prick”) ``` ενστικτώδης (enstiktódis) ενστικτωδώς (enstiktodós) instinct (countable and uncountable, plural instincts) Noun A natural or inherent impulse or behaviour. Many animals fear fire by instinct. An intuitive reaction not based on rational conscious thought. an instinct for order; to be modest by instinct Debbie's instinct was to distrust John. From Latin īnstinctus, past participle of īnstinguō (“to incite, to instigate”) from in (“in, on”) + stinguō (“to prick”). stinguō (present infinitive stinguere); third conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem I put out, extinguish. From Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push, thrust”) *stegʷ- (“to thrust, strike”). *stengʷ- to push exstinguō (present infinitive exstinguere, perfect active exstīnxī, supine exstīnctum); third conjugation I quench, extinguish, put out I kill, destroy distinguō (present infinitive distinguere, perfect active distīnxī, supine distīnctum); third conjugation I distinguish, separate, divide or part I adorn or decorate From Latin distinguo (“I distinguish”). interstinguō (present infinitive interstinguere, supine interstīnctum); third conjugation, no perfect stem I mark off, I divide I nuance I checker, I variegate interstinguō (present infinitive interstinguere, perfect active interstīnxī, supine interstīnctum); third conjugation I extinguish I kill

Answer 487

WANT - NEED - DEBT - OUGHT TO - OBLIGATION χρέος • (khréos) n (genitive χρέους); third declension want, need affair, business debt From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”) the root of χράομαι (khráomai)/χρεώ (khreṓ, “to need”) χρή (khrḗ, “have to, ought”). χρᾰ́ομαι • (khráomai) (in perfect, κέχρημαι, with present sense) desire, yearn after [+genitive = something, someone] to need, lack [+genitive = something] (in perfect and pluperfect) to enjoy a benefit, have [+dative = something] (in present or perfect, mainly after Homer) to use, make use of, take part in, manage, administer, etc. [+dative = something] to experience, suffer, be subject to, feel with verbal nouns, periphrasis for the verb related to the noun to use [+dative and dative = something for something] to deal with to treat [+dative = someone] in a particular way From χρή (khrḗ) +‎ -άω (-verb). —————————————————- χράω • (khráō) (with dative of person) to fall upon, attack, assail (with dative of object) to inflict upon a person (with infinitive) to be bent on doing, to be eager to do From χρή (khrḗ) +‎ -άω (-áō). χράω • (khráō) (active, of the gods and their oracles) to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim (passive) to be declared, proclaimed, delivered (middle, of the person to whom the response is given) to consult a god or oracle, to inquire of a god or oracle, consult them (of applicants seeking something of the great king) (in perfect passive) to receive an oracular response to furnish with a thing (deponent) to use to bring into action some feeling, faculty, passion, state of mind; to exercise, indulge (of external things) to experience, be subject to (paraphrases the verb cognate to its dative) (with duplicate dative) to use as such and such to use for an end or purpose (of persons, with an adverb of manner) to treat them in such a manner to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ (especially of sexual intercourse) to make use of oneself or one's powers (absolute or with an adverb) to be wont to do (with accusative of object) (perfect with a present sense) to be in need or want of, to yearn after (perfect as a strengthened present) to have in use, to have, possess (aorist passive) χρησμός • (khrēsmós) m (genitive χρησμοῦ); second declension Noun oracle, prophecy From the root of χράω (khráō, “to declare”). ``` Strong's Concordance chraó or kichrémi: to lend Original Word: χράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: chraó or kichrémi Phonetic Spelling: (khrah'-o) Definition: to lend Usage: I lend. ``` ``` chraomai: to use, make use of Original Word: χράομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: chraomai Phonetic Spelling: (khrah'-om-ahee) Definition: to use, make use of Usage: I use, make use of, deal with, take advantage of. ``` ``` chré: it is necessary, fitting Original Word: χρή Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: chré Phonetic Spelling: (khray) Definition: it is necessary, fitting Usage: it is necessary, proper, fitting. ``` ``` James 3:10 V-PIA-3S GRK: κατάρα οὐ χρή ἀδελφοί μου NAS: these things ought not to be this way. KJV: brethren, these things ought not so INT: cursing Not ought brothers of me ```

Answer 488

EXPERIMENT - TRIAL - ATTEMPT EXPERIENCE - (as in, having practiced a skill, craft or trade) πεῖρᾰ • (peîra) f (genitive πείρᾱς); first declension trial, experiment, attempt ``` From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to cross, pass”). Compare Old Armenian փորձ (pʿorj) Proto-Germanic *fērō (“danger”) Old English fǣr, English fear. Akin to πείρω (peírō) and περάω (peráō). ``` ἔμπειρος • (émpeiros) m or f (neuter ἔμπειρον); second declension experienced or practiced in a thing, acquainted with it Antonym: ἄπειρος (ápeiros) From ἐν (“in”) +‎ πεῖρα (“a trial, experiment, attempt”) +‎ -ος (-abstract result noun). περᾰ́ω • (peráō) to go from one side to another to pass through over or traverse, cross, esp. over water (intransitive) to penetrate or pierce (of a pointed weapon) From πέρα (péra, “beyond”). πέρᾱμᾰ • (pérāma) n (genitive πέρᾱμᾰτος); third declension A ferry, an instance of being ferried over. From περάω (“to cross, traverse”) +‎ -μα (-instance noun). ——————————————- Adverb πέρα • (péra) beyond Derived terms εκεί πέρα (ekeí péra, “over there”) εδώ πέρα (edó péra, “1. here; 2. in that case”) κάνω πέρα (káno péra, “1. step aside; 2. oust, distance”) πέρα από κάθε (péra apó káthe, “beyond”) πέρα βρέχει (péra vréchei) πέρα-δώθε (péra-dóthe, “back and forth”) πέρα για πέρα (péra gia péra, “totally, absolutely”) πέρα ως πέρα (péra os péra, “totally, absolutely”) τα βγάζω πέρα (ta vgázo péra, “I manage”) τα φέρνω πέρα (ta férno péra, “I manage”) —————————————— ``` beyond Further away than. She had no reason for the conviction beyond the very inadequate one that she had seen him around London. On the far side of. No swimming beyond this point. Later than; after. Greater than; so as to exceed or surpass. Your staff went beyond my expectations in refunding my parking ticket. In addition to. Past, or out of reach of. You won't last beyond my first punch. The patient was beyond medical help. ``` ``` ———————- OLD ENGLISH (Beyond) ``` From Old English beġeondan from be- +‎ ġeond related to yonder. yonder (not comparable) (archaic or dialect) At or in a distant but indicated place. Whose doublewide is that over yonder? (archaic or dialect) Synonym of thither: to a distant but indicated place. They headed on over yonder. yond (not comparable) Adjective (obsolete) further; more distant from Old English ġeonre (“thither; yonder”, adverb) hither (not comparable) (literary or archaic) To this place, to here. He went hither and thither. over here thither (not comparable) (chiefly literary or law, dated) To that place. (dated) To that point, end, or result. The argument tended thither. —————————————— ``` common cho̱rís peíra without experience , unskilled I have verb experience common écho̱ peíra I have experience , know world experience noun uncommon pe toura tou kósmou sophistication I get verb experience uncommon lamváno̱ pe experiencera experience from personal adjective experience rare apó prosopikí peíra from personal experience, firsthand ``` ———————————————- πείρω • (peírō) I pierce, run through (figuratively) I cleave through ``` ἀνᾰπείρω (anapeírō) ἀποπείρω (apopeírō) δῐᾰπείρω (diapeírō) ἐμπείρω (empeírō) empirical κᾰτᾰπείρω (katapeírō) μετᾰπείρω (metapeírō) περιπείρω (peripeírō) σῠμπείρω (sumpeírō) ```

Answer 489

EXPERIENCES - I HAVE LIVED IT I experience I live a situation or an event in a conscious and intense way he has experienced many hardships in his life ——————————— experience (n.) late 14c., "observation as the source of knowledge; actual observation; an event which has affected one," from Old French esperience "experiment, proof, experience" (13c.), from Latin experientia "a trial, proof, experiment; knowledge gained by repeated trials," from experientem (nominative experiens) "experienced, enterprising, active, industrious," present participle of experiri "to try, test," from ex "out of" (see ex-) + peritus "experienced, tested," from PIE *per-yo-, suffixed form of root *per- (3) "to try, risk." Meaning "state of having done something and gotten handy at it" is from late 15c. ———————————- LATIN perītus (feminine perīta, neuter perītum, comparative perītior, superlative perītissimus, adverb perītē); first/second-declension adjective skillful, skilled, expert, experienced, practised clever, skilfully constructed Perfect active participle of the unattested verb *perior, a root found in experior (“try, test, experience”). ``` experior (present infinitive experīrī or experīrier, perfect active expertus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent I test, put to the test. I try, attempt, prove. I find out. I experience. I do. ``` Compare περάω (peráō, “to pass through, traverse”) πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”).

Answer 490

TOUCH - JOINT - LIGAMENT - TENDON ``` ἁφή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: haphé Phonetic Spelling: (haf-ay') Definition: a joint Usage: a band, fastening (hence, possibly: a ligament), joint. ``` ἁφή, ἁφῆς, ἡ (ἅπτω to fasten together, to fit) Vulgate - junctura bond, connection (A. V. joint ) ἁφή, haphê Touche, toucher. ἁφή (« touche, toucher ») ἅπτω, háptô (« toucher ») ἅπτω, háptō \háp.tɔː\ (conjugaison) Ajuster, attacher, nouer. Toucher, atteindre, affecter.

Answer 491

I LIVE From Proto-Indo-European/ *gʷeyh Root *gʷeyh₃- to live Cognates Ancient Greek: ὑγιής (hugiḗs) ὑγιής • (hugiḗs) m or f (neuter ὑγιές); third declension sound, healthy, hearty, strong sound in mind: wise, wholesome From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”) Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-gʷih₃- (“good life”) with -ής (“adjective suffix”). —————————————- LATIN iūgis (neuter iūge, adverb iūgiter); third-declension two-termination adjective continual, perpetual (especially of flowing water) Inflected form of iugum (“yoke”) From a Proto-Indo-European compound *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy”) ————————————- GERMANIC Proto-Germanic/ *aiwukiz IPA(key): /ˈɑi̯.wu.kiz/ *aiwukiz eternal, lasting forever comparison with Latin iūgis (“continual”) Ancient Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy, sound, wholesome”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-gʷih₃- and *h₂yu-gʷih₃- respectively, to assume a reconstruction of Pre-Germanic *h₂oyu-gʷih₃- with an original meaning of "ever-living". From Proto-Germanic *aiwukiz (“eternal”).

Answer 492

GENIUS ευφυής • (effyís) m (feminine ευφυής, neuter ευφυές) intelligent, clever, quick-witted

Answer 493

SHARP-WITTED - SKILLED - INTELLIGENT - BRIGHT Awake, not asleep. έξυπνος • (éxypnos) m (feminine έξυπνη, neuter έξυπνο) clever, intelligent, sharp ``` —————————————- Synonym εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες) intelligence, wit smartness (with words) ``` νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f (plural νοημοσύνες) Noun intelligence νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) ————————— νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n (genitive νοήμᾰτος); third declension perception thought, purpose, design understanding, mind νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture

Answer 494

SIGNIFICANCE - MEANING - MAKES SENSE σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ― The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings. κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense μεταφορική σημασία ― metaphorical/figurative sense significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― unimportant, meaningless δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) σημαίνω • (simaíno) (past σήμανα, passive —) mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension significant, giving signs σημαντικός • (simantikós) m (feminine σημαντική, neuter σημαντικό) Adjective important, significant, considerable, outstanding, notable

Answer 495

EXCELLENT εξαιρετικός • (exairetikós) m (feminine εξαιρετική, neuter εξαιρετικό) important, exceptional, fine, great Antonym: ασήμαντος (asímantos) εξαιρετικά (exairetiká, “eminently”, adverb) Adverb[edit] εξαιρετικά • (exairetiká) eminently, exceptionally Synonym: εξαιρετικώς (exairetikós) see: εξαιρετικός (exairetikós, “excellent, first-class”, adjective)

Answer 496

IMAGINE Τhis passive voice from the ancient middle voice φᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (“imagine”) of active Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “make visible”). φαντάζομαι • (fantázomai) (past φαντάστηκα, active φαντάζω) (the active, with different sense) imagine Φαντάζομαι έναν κόσμο χωρίς πολέμους, χωρίς φτώχεια. Fantázomai énan kósmo chorís polémous, chorís ftócheia. Ι imagine a world without wars, without poverty. form an opinion, assume, expect Φαντάζομαι ότι θα πάρω αύξηση στο μισθό μου. Fantázomai óti tha páro áfxisi sto misthó mou. Ι assume that I will get a raise to my salary. Φαντάσου να μπει ξαφνικά στο δωμάτιο η γυναίκα σου! Fantásou na bei xafniká sto domátio i gynaíka sou! Suppose your wife entered the room all of a sudden! Τι φαντάστηκες; Ότι θα σε διορίσουν αμέσως; Ti fantástikes? Óti tha se diorísoun amésos? What did you think? That they would hire you right away? guess so Θα παραιτηθεί ο διευθυντής; Έτσι φαντάζομαι, με τέτοιο σκάνδαλο που ξέσπασε. Tha paraititheí o diefthyntís? Étsi fantázomai, me tétoio skándalo pou xéspase. Will the director resign? I guess so, with such a scandal beaking out. (active with different sense) see → φαντάζω (fantázo, “give the impression”) ——————————————— From Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “make visible”). Passive voice, from the ancient middle voice φᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (“imagine”). Pronunciation IPA(key): /fanˈda.zo/ Hyphenation: φα‧ντά‧ζω φαντάζω • (fantázo) (past φάνταξα, passive φαντάζομαι) (the passive, with different sense) Verb (informal): give the impression. +accusative or + σαν (san, “like”) seems, look like Μπροστά σ' αυτό, όλα φαντάζουν ασήμαντα. Compared to that, everything seems trivial. I make a sensation as, stand out Όταν μπήκε στην αίθουσα, φάνταζε σαν σταρ του κινηματογράφου με τη χρυσή τουαλέτα της. When she entered the room, she looked like a movie star in her gold gown. (informal, intransitive) impressed by Μου φάνταξε το κόκκινο φουστάνι, και το αγόρασα. The red dress caught my eye, and I bought it (passive with different sense) see → φαντάζομαι (fantázomai, “imagine”)

Answer 497

MENTAL EVENT Εκδήλωση = event, occurs de, occasion

Answer 498

OCCUR - HAPPEN From συν- (sun-, “with”) +‎ βαίνω (baínō, “to come, go”) συμβαίνω • (symvaíno) (past συνέβηκα) Verb happen, occur, take place Συμβαίνει στην Αθήνα. ― It happens in Athens. See also τυχαίνω (tychaíno, “to happen, to happen on, to chance”) ξῠμβαίνω • (xumbaínō) Old Attic form of σῠμβαίνω (sumbaínō) συμβεί • (symveí) 3rd person singular dependent form of συμβαίνω (symvaíno, “happen”) πότε συνέβη (“When did it occur?”) συμβαίνω • (sumbaínō) to stand with the feet together to stand with or beside, so as to assist to meet (most commonly, figuratively) to come together, come to an agreement, come to terms to agree with, be on good terms with (of things) to coincide, correspond with to fall to one's lot (of events) to come to pass, fall out, happen (mostly impersonal, sometimes with dative and infinitive) (participles) a chance event, contingency (joined with adverbs or adjectives) to turn out in a certain way (of consequences) to come out, result, follow (of logical conclusions) to result, to follow σῠμβεβηκός • (sumbebēkós) n (genitive σῠμβεβηκότος); third declension a contingent attribute or accident any attribute, whether property or accident, necessarily resulting from the notion of a thing, so that it does not enter into the essence or definition thereof

Answer 499

REFER - CROSS REFERENCE - REFERENCE - THE REFERENT παραπέμπω (“refer”) παραπέμπω • (parapémpo) (past παρέπεμψα, passive παραπέμπομαι) refer (direct to a source for help or information) παραπομπή f (parapompí, “citation, reference”) see: πέμπω (pémpo, “send”) πομπή • (pompḗ) f (genitive πομπῆς); first declension a sending a solemn procession pomp From πέμπω (pémpō, “to send”) +‎ -η (-action noun). ἐκπομπή • (ekpompḗ) f (genitive ἐκπομπῆς); first declension a dispatch, an expedition From ἐκπέμπω (ekpémpō, “to send out”) +‎ -η (-action noun). εκπέμπω • (ekpémpo) (past εξέπεμψα, passive εκπέμπομαι) (intransitive, radio) transmit, broadcast εκπέμπω σήμα ΣΟΣ ― ekpémpo síma SOS ― Ι send an SOS singal (transitive) radiate, emit from εκ- (“from”) +‎ πέμπω (“send”). ``` πέμπω • (pémpō) I send, dispatch (with accusative of place) (with adverbs) (with infinitive of purpose) I nominate I send forth; I dismiss I discharge, shoot (of words) I utter I conduct, escort (with πομπήν (pompḗn)) I conduct or take part in (a procession) I send as a gift I produce (middle) I send for (middle) I send in my service; I cause to be sent ``` Θεόπομπος • (Theópompos) m (genitive Θεοπόμπου); second declension A male given name, equivalent to English Theopompus From θεός (theós, “god”) +‎ πέμπω (pémpō, “to send”) +‎ -ος (-noun of result or an abstract noun of action.) literally "godsent". πομπός • (pompós) m (genitive πομποῦ); second declension Noun conductor, guide ψῡχοπομπός • (psūkhopompós) m or f (neuter ψῡχοπομπόν); second declension soul-guiding, -conducting ψῡχοπομπός • (psūkhopompós) m (genitive ψῡχοπομποῦ); second declension guide or conductor of souls (Charon), psychopomp From ψῡχή (“soul”) +‎ πομπός (“conductor”) from πέμπω (“to send”). Charon, in Greek mythology, the son of Erebus and Nyx (Night), whose duty it was to ferry over the Rivers Styx and Acheron those souls of the deceased who had received the rites of burial. In Greek mythology Charon was the ferryman of the dead who transported the ghosts of the dead across the river Acheron to Hades. Charon (plural Charons) (poetic) Any ferryman. Χᾰ́ρων • (Khárōn) m (genitive Χᾰ́ρωνος); third declension Charon ``` πέμπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: pempó Phonetic Spelling: (pem'-po) Definition: to send Usage: I send, transmit, permit to go, put forth. ``` Apparently a primary verb; to dispatch (from the subjective view or point of departure, whereas hiemi (as a stronger form of eimi) refers rather to the objective point or terminus ad quem, and stello denotes properly, the orderly motion involved), especially on a temporary errand; also to transmit, bestow, or wield -- send, thrust in. Strong's Concordance stelló: to arrange, prepare, gather up, hence to restrain Original Word: στέλλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: stelló Phonetic Spelling: (stel'-lo) Definition: to arrange, prepare, gather up, to restrain Usage: I set, arrange; mid: I provide for, take care, withdraw from, hold aloof, avoid. to set, place, set in order, arrange; to fit out, to prepare, equip; middle present στέλλομαι, to prepare oneself, to fit out for oneself; to fit out for one's own use: στελλόμενοι τοῦτο μή τίς etc. arranging, providing for, this etc. i. e. taking care ————————————— Compounds (& see their derivatives) αναπέμπω (anapémpo, “remit”) αποπέμπω (apopémpo, “expel”) εκπέμπω (ekpémpo, “transmit, broadcast, emit”) επανεκπέμπω (epanekpémpo, “transmit again”) παραπέμπω (parapémpo, “refer”) Other: αποδιοπομπαίος (apodiopompaíos, “outcast”) πομπή f (pompí, “procession”) πομπός m (pompós, “transmitter”) προπομπός m (propompós, “forerunner”) ψυχοπομπός m (psychopompós, “soul-guiding”) θεόπεμπτος (theópemptos, “godsent”) ουρανόπεμπτος (ouranópemptos) heaven sent ``` αυτοκινητοπομπή f (aftokinitopompí) διαπόμπευση f (diapómpefsi) διαπομπεύω (diapompévo) εφοδιοπομπή f (efodiopompí) θερμοπομπός m (thermopompós) νεκροπομπός m (nekropompós) νηοπομπή f (niopompí) πόμπευμα n (pómpevma) πομπεύω (pompévo) πομπικός (pompikós) πομποδέκτης m (pompodéktis) πομπώδης (pompódis) ραδιοπομπός m (radiopompós) ``` ————————————— RADIATE - TRANSMIT Synonyms (radio): μεταδίδω (metadído, “to transmit”) μεταδίδω • (metadído) (past μετέδωσα, passive μεταδίδομαι) (radio, television) transmit, broadcast transmit, communicate, impart, convey (information) αμετάδοτος (ametádotos, “incommunicable, non-contagious”) αναμεταδίδω (anametadído, “to retransmit, to rebroadcast”) αναμετάδοση f (anametádosi, “rebroadcast, broadcast, retransmission”) αναμεταδότης m (anametadótis, “transmitter mast”) —————————————— reference its energy or effect I refer to referring to someone or something transferring a case to another department or service the discovery of new evidence resulted in the referral of the case to the prosecutor ( bibliography ) a sign indicating that there is a clarification or other information related to the text elsewhere ( consequently ) the note , the text in a space, other than the normal text, to which the reference refers ``` ᾰ̓ποπέμπω • (apopémpō) to send off or away, dismiss, dispatch (middle) to get rid of to send back to export (middle) to avert by sacrifice; to banish, exorcise (a disease) ``` ἀπο- (apo-, “away, back”) +‎ πέμπω (pémpō, “send”) ἐκπέμπω • (ekpémpō) to send out, send forth From ἐκ- (ek-) +‎ πέμπω (pémpō) ———————————- ``` αναφορά • (anaforá) f (plural αναφορές) reference report account mention petition ``` ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ • (anaphorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾶς); first declension reference of a thing to a standard From ᾰ̓νᾰφέρω (anaphérō, “to bring, carry up”) +‎ -η (-action noun). αναφορικά (anaforiká, “with regard to”) Adverb αναφορικά • (anaforiká) concerning, with regard to αναφορικός • (anaforikós) m (feminine αναφορική, neuter αναφορικό) Adjective relative referential ——————————————— LATIN referō (present infinitive referre, perfect active rettulī, supine relātum); third conjugation, irregular I bear, bring, drive or carry back. I give back, give up, return, restore, pay back, repay, pay in return, show my gratitude. (of sound) I bring back, return, answer, echo, resound. I bring back, restore, renew, revive, repeat. I say in return, respond, reply, answer, represent. I call to mind, recall, think over, call back to memory. I refer to, assign to, give credit for. I judge by, measure according to a certain standard. I restore, renew, revive. (news or message) I repeat, report, deliver, transmit, announce, relate, recount, tell, say. (matter of import, to the senate) I bring before, refer to. (name or item in a list) I include, enter. I make known officially, report, announce, notify, proclaim, register, record. (passive) I retreat, go back, withdraw, return. From re- +‎ (“back”) ferō (“bear, carry”).

Answer 500

RELATIVE - WITH REFERENCE TO... ``` αναφορά • (anaforá) f (plural αναφορές) reference report account mention petition ``` ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ • (anaphorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾶς); first declension reference of a thing to a standard From ᾰ̓νᾰφέρω (anaphérō, “to bring, carry up”) +‎ -η (-action noun). αναφορικά (anaforiká, “with regard to”) Adverb αναφορικά • (anaforiká) concerning, with regard to αναφορικός • (anaforikós) m (feminine αναφορική, neuter αναφορικό) Adjective relative referential

Answer 501

THE BRAIN ``` μυαλό • (myaló) n (plural μυαλά) (anatomy) brain (plural) brains (used as food) brain (person providing interlectual input) mind head ```

Answer 502

CONTACT - TO TOUCH - BE TOUCHING επαφή

Answer 503

SYNAPS - COHERENT συναφής • (sunaphḗs) m or f (neuter συναφές); third declension united, connected, related to From συν- (“with”) +‎ ἁφή (haphḗ, “grip”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix). ``` ἁφή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: haphé Phonetic Spelling: (haf-ay') Definition: a joint Usage: a band, fastening (hence, possibly: a ligament), joint. ``` ἁφή, ἁφῆς, ἡ (ἅπτω to fasten together, to fit) Vulgate - junctura bond, connection (A. V. joint ) ἁφή, haphê Touche, toucher. ἁφή (« touche, toucher ») ἅπτω, háptô (« toucher ») ἅπτω, háptō \háp.tɔː\ (conjugaison) Ajuster, attacher, nouer. Toucher, atteindre, affecter. ἁψίς (« attache, jointure ») επαφή contact, touch, communion ——————————- LATIN junctura (plural juncturae) (anatomy) joint, juncture Future active participle of jungō jungō (present infinitive jungere, perfect active jūnxī, supine jūnctum); third conjugation Alternative form of iungō iungō (present infinitive iungere, perfect active iūnxī, supine iūnctum); third conjugation I join. Etymology[edit] From Proto-Italic *jungō from Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti from the root *yewg- *yunégti (imperfective) to be joining *yewg- (perfective) to join, to yoke, to tie together

Answer 504

SUSPECT - SUSPICIOUS ύποπτος • (ýpoptos) m (plural ύποπτοι, feminine ύποπτη) Noun suspect υποψία • (ypopsía) f (plural υποψίες) Noun suspicion ``` ῠ̔ποπτεύω • (hupopteúō) Verb I suspect, I hold in suspicion. I guess, I suppose. I observe, I notice. ῠ̔φοράω (huphoráō, “I suspect”) +‎ -εύω (do what “x” does). ``` From the future stem of ῠ̔φοράω (“I suspect”) +‎ -εύω υποψιάζομαι • (ypopsiázomai) deponent (past υποψιάστηκα), neologism: active υποψιάζω (ypopsiázo) Verb suspect Τον υποψιάζομαι ότι λέει ψέματα. ― I suspect him of lying. υποψία f (ypopsía, “suspicion”) ύποπτος (ýpoptos, “suspicious, incriminating”) ύποπτος m (ýpoptos, “suspect”) ύποπτη f (ýpopti, “suspect”) from Ancient Greek ὑποπτεύω‎ (hupopteúō‎) + -ομαι (-omai, suffix for passive verbs) —————————————— SUFFIX -εύω is a Denominative Verb of -εύς (-eús) -εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er Synonyms (person concerned): -ειᾰ (-eia) (feminine), -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -της (-tēs), -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -ττᾰ (-tta) (feminine), -σσᾰ (-ssa) (feminine), -αινᾰ (-aina) (feminine) (agent noun): -της (-tēs), -τής (-tḗs), -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -τήρ (-tḗr), -τειρᾰ (-teira) (feminine), -τωρ (-tōr), -τρός (-trós), -τρίᾱ (-tríā) (feminine), -τρίς (-trís) (feminine) (demonym): -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -της (-tēs), -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -ῐος (-ios), -κός (-kós), -ῐκός (-ikós), -ᾱνός (-ānós) -ηνός (-ēnós), -ῖνος (-înos) - - - - - (Person Concerned) -ειᾰ • (-eia) f (genitive -είᾱς); first declension Added to various stems to form feminine nouns of person or thing concerned ‎ἱερός (hierós, “holy”) + ‎-εια (-eia) → ‎ἱέρειᾰ (hiéreia, “priestess”) ‎Καῖσᾰρ (Kaîsar, “Caesar”) + ‎-εια (-eia) → ‎Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (Kaisáreia, “Caesarea”) Added to adjectival stems to form a feminine form ‎γλυκ-ύς m (gluk-ús, “sweet”) + ‎-εια (-eia) → ‎γλυκεῖα f (glukeîa, “sweet”) -ῐς • (-is) f (genitive -ῐδος); third declension Forms feminine nouns, or feminine forms of adjectives -της • (-tēs) m (genitive -του); first declension Added to noun stems to form masculine nouns of the person concerned with a thing Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns: -er Added to place names to form masculine demonyms: -ian -ian (as an adjective) From, related to, or like. (as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like. (as a noun) Having a certain profession. From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun. - - - - -ηνός • (-ēnós) m (feminine -ηνή, neuter -ηνόν); first/second declension Added to place name to form an adjective: -ian, -ese -ese Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people. Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese Used to form nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession or in a particular context. ‎journal + ‎-ese → ‎journalese ‎legal + ‎-ese → ‎legalese ‎translation + ‎-ese → ‎translationese ``` Latin -ēnsis (neuter -ēnse); third-declension two-termination suffix Of or from a place. From en-, variant of in-, + -sis. -sis (plural -ses) forming nouns of action or process catharsis, dialysis, noesis, prosiopesis (medicine) forming nouns of condition psoriasis, sepsis from Ancient Greek -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”) ``` Example: Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις from ἀναλύω (“I unravel, loose, investigate”) from ἀνά (“on, up”) + λύω (“I loosen”) + -sis (“action noun”) Latin -tūs f (genitive -tūtis); third declension Forms collective/abstract nouns from adjectives or other nouns. iuvenis (“young, a young man”) → iuventūs (“the young, young men collectively; the period or qualities of youthful manhood, youth”) senex (“an old man”) → senectūs (“old men collectively; the period or condition of old age”) Same as for the participle suffix; see -sus. ``` -sus m (genitive -sūs); fourth declension (suffix forming nouns of action). Alternative form of -tus (takes this form when suffixed to primarily third conjugation verbs with stems ending in -t-, -d-, -rg-, -ll-, or -rr-). ‎applaudō + ‎-sus → ‎applausus ‎cadō + ‎-sus → ‎casus ‎currō + ‎-sus → ‎cursus ‎extergeō + ‎-sus → ‎extersus ‎pellō + ‎-sus → ‎pulsus ‎ūtor + ‎-sus → ‎ūsus ``` ———————————————- υποπτεύομαι • (ypoptévomai) deponent (past υποπτεύτηκα/υποπτεύθηκα) Verb - passive suspect, be suspicious of from Ancient Greek ὑποπτεύω‎ (hupopteúō‎) + -ομαι (-omai, suffix for passive verbs)

Answer 505

NUMBNESS - STUPOR νάρκη • (nárkē) Noun numbness, torpor stingray. electric ray May be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nerk-, from *(s)ner- (“to turn, twist”). ``` νάρκη • (nárki) f (plural νάρκες) Nounn (military) mine, landmine torpor, stupor, lethargy numbness ``` χειμερία νάρκη f (cheimería nárki, “hibernation”) ναρκόω • (narkóō) Verb To make numb, I benumb. νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) +‎ -όω (-factative, causitive) νάρκωσις • (nárkōsis) f (genitive ναρκόσεως); third declension Noun Having been made numb by another agent, benumbing From ναρκόω (narkóō, “I benumb”) +‎ -σις (-result noun). -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process. ναρκωτικός • (narkotikós) m (feminine ναρκωτική, neuter ναρκωτικό) Adjective narcotic, having the character or quality of being numb. ναρκωτικός • (narkōtikós) Adjective making stiff or numb, narcotic

Answer 506

TO MAKE ANGRY - TO PROVOKE SENSE - Chlorophyll χολόω • (kholóō) to anger, provoke χόλος (bitterness, wrath, anger) +‎ -όω (-to cause, factative) ``` χολή • (kholḗ) f (genitive χολῆς); first declension Noun gall, bile (in the plural) gall bladder bitterness, wrath, anger disgust, aversion ``` Ancient Greek χλωρός ``` From Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́ from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”) Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, tawny”) Persian زر‎ (zar, “gold”) ``` *ǵʰelh₃- to flourish green, yellow Latin: helvus (feminine helva, neuter helvum); first/second-declension adjective Adjective honey-yellow English gold and Old English ġeolu (English yellow). Akin to holus (“vegetable(s)”) (originally "green things"). χλωρός • (khlōrós) m (feminine χλωρᾱ́, neuter χλωρόν); first/second declension The part of the spectrum from bright green to yellow: the color of new growth on plants or honey pale fresh, verdant, unripe youthful see: χλόη f (chlói, “grass”) χλοερός • (chloerós) m (feminine χλοερή, neuter χλοερός) verdant From Ancient Greek χλόη (khlóē, “green shoot, sprout”) χλόη • (khlóē) f (genitive χλόης); first declension (Attic) A new green shoot in the spring ——————————- Sensatio Action noun from sentiō (“feel, perceive”). ``` sēnsus m (genitive sēnsūs) Nominative Noun perception, capability of feeling, ability to perceive a feeling, sentiment (poetic) understanding, reason ``` ``` senso m (plural sensi) sense direction Synonym: direzione purpose meaning Synonym: significato Non ha senso. ― This doesn't make sense. (in the plural) consciousness ``` Borrowed from Latin sēnsus (“sense”), perfect passive participle of sēntiō (“I feel, I perceive”), from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”). sense (n.) c. 1400, "faculty of perception," also "meaning, import, interpretation" (especially of Holy Scripture), from Old French sens "one of the five senses; meaning; wit, understanding" (12c.) from Latin sensus "perception, feeling, undertaking, meaning," from sentire "perceive, feel, know," probably a figurative use of a literally meaning "to find one's way," or "to go mentally," from PIE root *sent- "to go" Old High German sinnan "to go, travel, strive after, have in mind, perceive," German Sinn "sense, mind," Old English sið "way, journey," Old Irish set, Welsh hynt "way"). Application to any one of the external or outward senses (touch, sight, hearing, etc.) in English first recorded 1520s. sense (v.) "to perceive by the senses," 1590s, from sense (n.). Meaning "be conscious inwardly of (one's state or condition) is from 1680s. Meaning "perceive (a fact or situation) not by direct perception" is from 1872. sēnsātiō f (genitive sēnsātiōnis); third declension Noun understanding, knowledge, intelligence Action noun from sentiō (“feel, perceive”). sēnsus m (genitive sēnsūs); fourth declension perception, capability of feeling, ability to perceive a feeling, sentiment (poetic) understanding, reason sentiō (present infinitive sentīre, perfect active sēnsī, supine sēnsum); fourth conjugation I feel; I perceive with the senses Synonym: percipiō I perceive: I notice mentally I have an opinion; I feel an emotion From Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”) Cognate with Lithuanian sintėti (“to think”) Old High German sinnan (“to go; desire”) Latin: sentiō (“to feel, to perceive”) —————————————— Proto-Celtic/ *sentus *sentus m path, way Old Irish / sét sét m path, way From Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to head for, go”). ``` Proto-Indo-European / *sent- Root *sent- (“to head for, to go, to travel”) *sent- Root (“to feel”) ``` Germanic: *sinþaz (“journey, path”) —————————————————— ``` αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` αισθησιακός (aisthisiakós, “sensual, sensuous”) αισθησιασμός m (aisthisiasmós, “sensuality”) αισθητήρας (aisthitíras) αισθητήριο n (aisthitírio, “sense organ, intuition”) αισθητήριος (aisthitírios, “sensory”) and see: αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel, to sense”) ———————————- αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension Noun Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing Perception by the intellect as well as the senses That which is perceived: scent Ability to perceive: discernment Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters. SUFFIX -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process ———————————- ``` αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) Verb (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn ``` ———————————- ``` ἀΐω • (aḯō) Verb (poetic) perceive (with genitive or accusative) (with the ear) to hear (with the eye) to see To have heard To listen, obey ``` ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- *h₂ew- (“to perceive, see, to be aware of”) *h₂ew- Root (“to enjoy, to consume”) ``` ———————————- αισθησιακός • (aisthisiakós) m (feminine αισθησιακή, neuter αισθησιακό) Adjective sensual, sensuous luscious ———————————- αισθησιασμός • (aisthisiasmós) m (plural αισθησιασμοί) Abstract Noun sensuality ———————————- αισθητήρας • (aisthitíras) m (plural αισθητήρες) Agent Noun sensor ———————————- αισθητήριο • (aisthitírio) m (plural αισθητήρια) Noun intuition sense organ αισθητήριο όργανο • (aisthitírio órgano) n (plural αισθητήρια όργανα) (anatomy, biology) sense organ, sensory organ ———————————- αισθητήριος • (aisthitírios) m (feminine αισθητήρια, neuter αισθητήριο) Adjective sensory, sense ———————————- αισθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) deponent (past αισθάνθηκα) Verb feel αισθάνομαι πόνο ― I feel pain Aισθάνομαι καλά, δεν είμαι άρρωστος.― I feel well, I am not sick sense Aισθάνομαι ότι μου λες αλήθεια.― I understand that you are telling me the truth. ———————————- αίσθημα • (aísthima) n (plural αισθήματα) Noun (“A feeling”) ———————————- αισθαντικός • (aisthantikós) m (feminine αισθαντική, neuter αισθαντικό) Adjective sensitive ———————————- αισθηματικός • (aisthimatikós) m (feminine αισθηματική, neuter αισθηματικό) Adjective sentimental, romantic ———————————- αισθαντικότητα • (aisthantikótita) f (uncountable) Noun sensitivity sentimentality αισθαντικός (“sensual, sensitive”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”) ———————————- αισθηματικότητα • (aisthimatikótita) f (uncountable) Noun sentimentality αισθηματικός (“sentimental”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). ———————————- αισθηματίας • (aisthimatías) m or f (plural αισθηματίες) Noun sentimentalist ———————————- αισθηματισμός • (aisthimatismós) m (uncountable) Abstract noun sentimentality, sentimentalism αισθηματολογία • (aisthimatología) m (uncountable) Noun sentimentality, sentimentalism ———————————- διαισθάνομαι • (diaisthánomai) deponent (past διαισθάνθηκα) Verb sense, intuit, foresee From Ancient Greek διαισθάνομαι (diaisthánomai, “I perceive clearly”). ———————————- προαισθάνομαι • (proaisthánomai) deponent (past προαισθάνθηκα) Verb forebode, have a foreboding, know in advance. From προαίσθημα n (proaísthima, “foreboding”) αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “I feel, sense”) ———————————- ———————————- SUFFIX Synonyms (person concerned): -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -εύς (-eús), -ειᾰ (-eia) (feminine), -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -ττᾰ (-tta) (feminine), -σσᾰ (-ssa) (feminine), -αινᾰ (-aina) (feminine) (agent noun): -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -τήρ (-tḗr), -τειρᾰ (-teira) (feminine), -τωρ (-tōr), -τρός (-trós), -τρίᾱ (-tríā) (feminine), -τρίς (-trís) (feminine) (demonym): -τίς (-tís) (feminine), -ίς (-ís) (feminine), -ιος (-ios), -κός (-kós), -ικός (-ikós), -ᾱνός (-ānós) -ηνός (-ēnós), -ῖνος (-înos) -ειᾰ • (-eia) f (genitive -είᾱς); first declension Added to various stems to form feminine nouns of person or thing concerned ‎ἱερός (hierós, “holy”) + ‎-εια (-eia) → ‎ἱέρειᾰ (hiéreia, “priestess”) ‎Καῖσᾰρ (Kaîsar, “Caesar”) + ‎-εια (-eia) → ‎Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (Kaisáreia, “Caesarea”) Added to adjectival stems to form a feminine form ‎γλυκ-ύς m (gluk-ús, “sweet”) + ‎-εια (-eia) → ‎γλυκεῖα f (glukeîa, “sweet”) -εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er -ῐς • (-is) f (genitive -ῐδος); third declension Forms feminine nouns, or feminine forms of adjectives (often accented on the ultima) -τωρ • (-tōr) m (genitive -τορος); third declension Used to form agent nouns δώτωρ (dṓtōr, “a giver”), from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”) -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of"). -ιος • (-ios) m Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin: ‎Ευρώπη (Evrópi, “Europe”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎Ευρωπαίος (Evropaíos, “European”) (noun) ‎θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + ‎-ιος (-ios) → ‎θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine”) (adjective) -κός • (-kós) m (feminine -κή, neuter -κόν); first/second declension forms adjectives with the sense of 'of or pertaining to', 'in the manner of' -ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic -ῑ́της • (-ī́tēs) m (genitive -ῑ́του); first declension Suffix forming a masculine noun: one connected to, a member of; one from a particular place (demonym) -ηνός • (-ēnós) m (feminine -ηνή, neuter -ηνόν); first/second declension Added to place name to form an adjective: -ian, -ese -ῖνος • (-înos) m (feminine ῑ́νη, neuter ῖνον); first/second declension Alternative form of -ῐνος -ῐνος • (-inos) m (feminine -ῐ́νη, neuter -ῐνον); first/second declension Added to nouns or adverbs to form adjectives relating to material, time, and so on: made of, during the time of (with long ῑ) Forms adjectives of place: -ine Latin -īnus (feminine -īna, neuter -īnum); first/second-declension suffix Of or pertaining to; -ine; usually indicates a relationship of position, possession, or origin. -ese Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people. Viennese waltz (sausage, etc), Maltese falcon, Chinese, Togolese, Beninese, Congolese, Milanese, Parmese, Japanese, Faroese Used to form nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession or in a particular context. ‎journal + ‎-ese → ‎journalese ‎legal + ‎-ese → ‎legalese ‎translation + ‎-ese → ‎translationese -iscus (feminine -isca, neuter -iscum); first/second-declension suffix (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) Used to form adjectives ————————————- Deonym / Demonym -onym name word From Ancient Greek ὄνυμα ὄνῠμᾰ • (ónuma) n (genitive ὀνῠ́μᾰτος); third declension Doric and Aeolic form of ὄνομᾰ ὄνομᾰ • (ónoma) n (genitive ὀνόμᾰτος); third declension name fame (compare English make a name for oneself) (grammar) noun, in the wide sense: referring to most word classes that are declined for case and number – a substantive (English noun), an adjective, or a pronoun – but excluding the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) and the article ὁ (ho) (grammar) phrase deonym (plural deonyms) Synonym of theonym From Latin deus (“god”) +‎ -onym. From Latin deus +‎ -onym. demonym (plural demonyms) A name for an inhabitant or native of a specific place, usually derived from the name of the place. Why is it that people from the United States use American as their demonym? (obsolete) A pseudonym formed of an adjective. The Logophile has my favourite demonym; I would write under it if he didn't. From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “people”) + ὄνυμα (ónuma, “name”). ———————————- SUFFIX -της • (-tēs) f (genitive -τητος); third declension (Attic) Abstract noun Forms nouns representing a state of being -της • (-tēs) m (genitive -του); first declension Added to noun stems to form masculine nouns of the person concerned with a thing Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns: -er Added to place names to form masculine demonyms: -ian -ότητα • (-ótita) f Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion: ‎αυστηρός (afstirós, “strict”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎αυστηρότητα (afstirótita, “strictness”) ‎βέβαιος (vévaios, “sure, certain”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎βεβαιότητα (vevaiótita, “certainty”) ‎εθνικός (ethnikós, “national”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎εθνικότητα (ethnikótita, “nationality”) ‎εχθρός (echthrós, “enemy”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎εχθρότητα (echthrótita, “hostility”) ‎πιθανός (pithanós, “possible”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎πιθανότητα (pithanótita, “possibility”) ‎ποιος (poios, “who”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎ποιότητα (poiótita, “quality”) ‎πόσος (pósos, “how much”) + ‎-ότητα (-ótita) → ‎ποσότητα (posótita, “quantity”) ———————————- 𒌋𒄴𒄭 • (u-uḫ-ḫi) (first-person singular present active) I see Cognates include Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (“to perceive”) Latin audiō (“I hear, listen”) Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”) ———————————- ``` ᾰ̓κούω • (akoúō) (transitive) I hear [+accusative = something], [+genitive = someone] (transitive) I hear about, learn (transitive) I listen, pay attention to, heed Ἄκουε τοῦ διδασκάλου! Ákoue toû didaskálou! Listen to the teacher! Νῦν δὲ ἄκουσον μου! Nûn dè ákouson mou! Now listen to me! (transitive) I understand (transitive) I obey (passive) I am called, am spoken of, am known as. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *akouhyō From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Cognates with English hear. *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (imperfective) Verb (“to be sharp-eared, to hear well”) From *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) +‎ *h₂ṓws (“ear”) and +‎ *-yéti (“denominative suffix”). Suffix *(Ø)-yéti Creates intransitive, often deponent, imperfective verbs from roots. ακούω • (akoúo) (past άκουσα, passive ακούγομαι) (transitive) hear Άκουσα κάποια δυσάρεστα νέα. ― Ákousa kápoia dysáresta néa. ― I heard some bad news. (transitive) listen, listen to Άκουγαν τη διάλεξη. ― Ákougan ti diálexi. ― They were listening to the lecture. Άκουσέ με! ― Ákousé me! ― Listen to me! (intransitive) hear (to have the ability to hear) Οι κωφοί δεν ακούνε. ― Oi kofoí den akoúne. ― Deaf people cannot hear. άκουσον, άκουσον • (ákouson, ákouson) Interjection (literally: hear! hear!) listen to this! (response at hearing something with surprise and displeasure) In polytonic script: ἂκουσον, ἂκουσον! άκουσον Κύριε (ákouson Kýrie, “listen to this, my Lord!”) ``` ᾰ̓κοή • (akoḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓κοῆς); first declension a hearing, the sound heard the thing heard, news, tidings the thing heard, report, saying, fame the sense of hearing the act of hearing, hearing the ear a hearing, a listening ``` From ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) +‎ -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix) ———————————- DEPONENT VERB deponent (not comparable) (of some Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Scandinavian or Old Irish verbs) Having passive form (that is, conjugating like the passive voice), but an active meaning. (Such verbs, originally reflexive, are considered to have laid aside their passive meanings.) From Latin dēpōnēns (“laying aside”), the present active participle of dēpōnō (“lay aside”), from dē- + pōnō (“put, place”). A deponent verb is a verb that is active in meaning but takes its form from a different voice, most commonly the middle or passive. A deponent verb has no active forms. Ancient Greek has middle-voice deponents (some of which are very common) and some passive-voice deponents. An example in classical Greek is ἔρχομαι (erchomai, 'I come' or 'I go'), middle/passive in form but active in translation. Some 'active' verbs will take middle-form futures, such as how ἀκούω (akouo, 'I hear') becomes ἀκούσομαι (akousomai, 'I will hear'), rather than the regular adding of a sigma (like παύω (pauo, 'I stop') becoming παύσω (pauso, 'I will stop')). These are still active in translation. For these verbs, there is no future middle, but the future passive is unaffected. Koine Greek has a few verbs which have very different meanings in the active and middle/passive forms. For example, ἁπτω (hapto) means "I set fire to", whereas its middle form ἁπτομαι (haptomai) means "I touch". Because ἁπτομαι is much more common in usage, beginners often learn this form first and are tempted to assume that it is a deponent. —————————————————— VERBAL NOUN A verbal noun is a noun formed from a verb. Unlike a gerund, it has no verbal force. Different languages have different types of verbal nouns and different ways of forming and using them. An example of a verbal noun in English is the word 'driving' in the sentence "I warned him against fast driving" (this is a noun formed from the verb drive). Verbal nouns are morphologically related to verbs, but they are not non-finite verb forms. The non-finite verb forms are forms such as gerunds, infinitives and participle in English. Some grammarians use the term "verbal noun" to mean verbal noun, gerund and noun infinitive. Some may use the term "gerund" to mean both verbal noun and gerund. "Verbal noun" has often been treated as a synonym for "gerund". As suggested by some traditional grammarians, but modern grammarians do not include them in verbal noun, Verbal nouns may be non-finite verb forms which follow verb syntax, for example by taking appropriate objects (though usually not a subject) and being modified by adverbs, to produce a verb phrase which is then used within a larger sentence as a noun phrase. In English this can be done with the to-infinitive and with the gerund. In the following examples with infinitives, the verb phrase serving as a noun phrase is underlined, and the to-infinitive itself is bolded: To err is human, to forgive divine. Jan likes to go fishing on Sundays. His greatest desire was to serve his country. In the first sentence the verbal noun phrases play the role of subjects, and in the remaining examples they are verb objects or complements. There are restrictions on the grammatical contexts in which this type of noun phrase can be used, and infinitives also have other uses in which they would not be regarded as nouns. For details see infinitive. The following examples use gerunds (the gerund itself is bolded, the verb phrase serving as a noun phrase is underlined): Speaking is not always wise. We enjoy playing football. Again there are grammatical restrictions on the occurrence of such phrases. In English the -ing form that serves as the gerund also serves as a present participle, which is used adjectivally or adverbally rather than as a noun. For details see gerund and participle. Other types of verbal nouns, however, while being derived from verbs, behave grammatically entirely as nouns, not as verbs. For example, they do not take direct objects as verbs can, and they are modified by adjectives rather than adverbs.[1] They may also be used as count nouns and pluralized. The terms "deverbal noun" and "pure verbal noun" refer only to this type, and not to infinitives nor gerunds. In English such nouns can be formed from verbs with the suffix -ing, that is, they take the same form as the gerund. Examples of such uses are given below: The killing of the president was an atrocious crime. Most verses of the psalm have multiple readings. A building is a structure that is habitable. —————————————————— ``` Latin[edit] Latin has passive-voice deponents, such as hortārī ('to exhort'), verērī ('to fear'), loquī ('to speak'), blandīrī ('to flatter'), and many more. (Deponent verbs are passive in form and active in meaning.) The forms regularly follow those of the passive of normal verbs: amāre "to love" amārī "to be loved" amō "I love" amor "I am loved" amāvī "I have loved" amātus sum "I have been loved" ``` hortārī "to exhort" hortor "I exhort" hortātus sum "I have exhorted" Deponents have all the participles normal verbs do, although those of the perfect carry an active meaning, rather than a passive meaning as in the case of normal verbs. Some deponent verbs, such as sequī (to follow), use the corresponding forms of other verbs to express a genuine passive meaning. They do not have their own passive forms, nor is it possible to resurrect the "active" forms of the deponent verbs to use for the passive voice (like attempting to use *hortō for "I am exhorted"). Additionally, four Latin verbs (audēre, to dare; gaudēre, to rejoice; solēre, to be accustomed; and fīdere, to trust) are called semi-deponent, because though they look passive in their perfect forms, they are semantically active in all forms.[ ———————————- ———————————-

Answer 507

INTUITION διαισθάνομαι • (diaisthánomai) deponent (past διαισθάνθηκα) Middle Passive verb sense, intuit, foresee διαίσθηση f (diaísthisi, “intuition”) διαίσθητικός (diaísthitikós, “intuitive”) αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “I feel, sense”) and see: αίσθηση f (aísthisi, “sense, sensation”) From Ancient Greek διαισθάνομαι (diaisthánomai, “I perceive clearly”). αισθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) deponent (past αισθάνθηκα) feel αισθάνομαι πόνο ― aisthánomai póno ― I feel pain Aισθάνομαι καλά, δεν είμαι άρρωστος. ― Aisthánomai kalá, den eímai árrostos. ― I feel well, I am not sick sense Aισθάνομαι ότι μου λες αλήθεια. ― Aisthánomai óti mou les alítheia. ― I understand that you are telling me the truth. αισθαντικός (aisthantikós, “sensitive”) αισθαντικότητα f (aisthantikótita, “sensitivity, sentimentality”) αίσθημα n (aísthima, “feeling, sense”) αισθηματολογία f (aisthimatología, “sentimentalism”) αισθηματολόγος m (aisthimatológos, “sentimentalist”) αισθηματολογώ (aisthimatologó, “to sentimentalise”) show more ▼ and see: αίσθηση f (aísthisi, “sense, sensation”) αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) ``` sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing Perception by the intellect as well as the senses That which is perceived: scent Ability to perceive: discernment Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters From αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) ``` (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... quotations ▼ (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn Inflection Edit show ▼ ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-, from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”), Latin audiō (“I hear”), and Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”). 𒌋𒄴𒄭 • (u-uḫ-ḫi) (first-person singular present active) I see From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ow-, *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), with the regular loss of a laryngeal before *o. Cognates include Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”), Latin audiō (“I hear, listen”) and Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”). आविस् • (āvís) before the eyes, openly, manifestly, evidently From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hāwíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hāwíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂owís, from the root *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), whence also possibly उवे (uvé). Cognate with Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”), Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”), Latin audiō (“I hear, listen”). Traditional etymologists connect it to वहिस् (vahis) and अव (ava), or to आविद् (ā-vid). *h₂ew- to enjoy to consume *h₁ewH- to help, to assist to protect From Proto-Italic *awēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to enjoy”). Cognate with Sanskrit अवति (avati, “he consumes, satisfies”) and Cornish awell (“will”). aveō (present infinitive avēre); second conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem I desire, wish or long for, crave. ``` अवति • (ávati) (root अव्, class 1, type P) to drive, impel (Vedic) to promote, favor; satisfy to offer to the gods to be pleased, like to guard, defend ```

Answer 508

DEPICTION - PARAGRAPH From Ancient Greek περῐγρᾰ́φω. Morphologically, from περι- (“around”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). περιγράφω • (perigráfo) (past περιέγραψα, passive περιγράφομαι) write an account, describe describe, give an account of (orally) περι- (peri-, “around”) +‎ γράφω (gráfo, “write, draw”) περιγραφή • (perigrafí) f (plural περιγραφές) description, account (geometry) delineation ——————————— *peig- also *peik-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cut, mark by incision," hence "embroider, paint." It forms all or part of: depict; file (n.2) "metal tool for abrading or smoothing;" paint; pictogram; pictograph; pictorial; picture; picturesque; pigment; pimento; pint; pinto. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit pimsati "to carve, hew out, cut to measure, adorn;" Greek pikros "bitter, sharp, pointed, piercing, painful," poikilos "spotted, pied, various;" Latin pingere "to embroider, tattoo, paint, picture;" Old Church Slavonic pila "file, saw," pegu "variegated," pisati "to write;" Lithuanian piela "file," piešiu, piešti "to write;" Old High German fehjan "to adorn."

Answer 509

WRITE γράφω • (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι) write, pen record issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc) αντιγράφω (antigráfo, “to copy, to cheat”) εγγράφω (engráfo, “enrol, register”) επιγράφω (epigráfo, “inscribe, entitle”) σκηνογραφώ (skinografó, “direct film or play”) συγγράφω (syngráfo, “to write (a book, etc), to author”) υπογράφω (ypográfo, “to sign”) ξεγράφω (xegráfo, “strike out”) γραφ- [2] (-γραφία, -γράφος, -γράφημα, -γράφηση) e.g. καταγραφικό (katagrafikó, “chart recorder, datalogger”) γραφσ- > γραψ- εγγράψιμος (engrápsimos, “able to be enrolled”) γράψιμο n (grápsimo, “writing”) γραφμ- > γραμμ- [3] γραπτός (graptós, “written”) and γραπτ- [4] ———————————— προσγρᾰ́φω • (prosgráphō) to write in addition, to add in writing to add to a list of persons, enroll, register (passive) to cause to be registered besides (passive) to register, enroll oneself (passive, of property) to be marked for confiscation to ascribe, attribute to prescribe to paint together with or beside (Koine, grammar) write immediately after another character (of the subscipt ἰῶτα, written as adscript) τὸ ῑ προσγεγράψεται ― tò ī prosgegrápsetai ― the ῑ is written as adscript [as in νῶι ]

Answer 510

AXIOM (Self evident truth as basis for arguments) An axiom or postulate is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments. The word comes from the Greek axíōma (ἀξίωμα) 'that which is thought worthy or fit' or 'that which commends itself as evident.'[1][2] The term has subtle differences in definition when used in the context of different fields of study. As defined in classic philosophy, an axiom is a statement that is so evident or well-established, that it is accepted without controversy or question.[3] As used in modern logic, an axiom is a premise or starting point for reasoning.[4] As used in mathematics, the term axiom is used in two related but distinguishable senses: "logical axioms" and "non-logical axioms". Logical axioms are usually statements that are taken to be true within the system of logic they define and are often shown in symbolic form (e.g., (A and B) implies A), while non-logical axioms (e.g., a + b = b + a) are actually substantive assertions about the elements of the domain of a specific mathematical theory (such as arithmetic). When used in the latter sense, "axiom", "postulate", and "assumption" may be used interchangeably. In most cases, a non-logical axiom is simply a formal logical expression used in deduction to build a mathematical theory, and might or might not be self-evident in nature (e.g., parallel postulate in Euclidean geometry).[5] To axiomatize a system of knowledge is to show that its claims can be derived from a small, well-understood set of sentences (the axioms), and there may be multiple ways to axiomatize a given mathematical domain. Any axiom is a statement that serves as a starting point from which other statements are logically derived. Whether it is meaningful (and, if so, what it means) for an axiom to be "true" is a subject of debate in the philosophy of mathematics.[6]

Answer 511

PROCESS - PROCEED προχωρώ • (prochoró) (past προχώρησα, passive —) move, forward, advance, progress, proceed (with σε) start to do Θα προχωρήσουμε στην υλοποίηση του έργου. Tha prochorísoume stin ylopoíisi tou érgou. We will start the realisation of the project. —————————————— process (n.) early 14c., "fact of being carried on" (as in in process), from Old French proces "a journey; continuation, development; legal trial" (13c.) from Latin processus "a going forward, advance, progress," from past participle stem of procedere "go forward" (see proceed). Meaning "course or method of action" is from mid-14c.; sense of "continuous series of actions meant to accomplish some result" (the main modern sense) is from 1620s. Legal sense of "course of action of a suit at law" is attested from early 14c. Related entries & more process (v.1) 1530s, "begin legal action against," from Middle French processer "to prosecute," from proces (see process (n.)). Meaning "prepare by special process" is from 1881, from the noun in English. Of persons, "to register and examine," by 1935. Related: Processed; processing. proceed (v.) late 14c., proceden, "to go on," also "to emanate from, result from," from Old French proceder (13c., Modern French procéder) and directly from Latin procedere (past participle processus) "go before, go forward, advance, make progress; come forward," from pro "forward" (from PIE root *per- (1) "forward") + cedere "to go" (from PIE root *ked- "to go, yield"). Related: Proceeded; proceeding. ————————————————- *ked- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to go, yield." It forms all or part of: abscess; accede; access; ancestor; antecede; antecedent; cease; cede; cession; concede; decease; exceed; excess; incessant; intercede; necessary; precede; predecessor; proceed; recede; recess; recession; secede; secession; succeed; success. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sedhati "to drive, chase away;" Avestan apa-had- "turn aside, step aside;" Latin cedere "to yield, give place; to give up some right or property," originally "to go from, proceed, leave;" Old Church Slavonic chodu "a walking, going," choditi "to go."

Answer 512

METHOD μέθοδος method, process, system

Answer 513

COURSE - WAY - ROUTE - PROCESS πορεία • (poreía) f (plural πορείες) course, track, direction of movement πορεία course, procedure, route, process, march, procession πεζοπορικός (pezoporikós, “hiking, walking”, adj) ————————————- πρωτοπορία f (protoporía, “vanguard”) πρωτοπορία • (protoporía) f (plural πρωτοπορίες) vanguard, innovator vanguard (plural vanguards) (military) The leading units at the front of an army or fleet. Synonyms: advance guard, avant-garde (obsolete) Antonym: rearguard (by extension) The person(s) at the forefront of any group or movement. Synonym: avant-garde

Answer 514

PROCESS Dia + Ergon + ia ``` διεργασία Noun From δια (across) + εργασία (work) process way of shaping, preparation ( computer ) a program during its operation ( execution ) [1] ≈ Synonyms : work surname : multitasking See also: Process (computers) on Wikipedia ``` From... εργασία work, labor, job, employment, business, operation έργο work, task, opus, doing, deed ——————————- εργασία • (ergasía) f (plural εργασίες) job, profession, work task From Ancient Greek ἐργασία (ergasía, “work”). ``` see: έργο n (érgo, “work”) ———————— Synonyms δουλειά f (douleiá) Slave, worker, servant ``` δουλειά • (douleiá) f (plural δουλειές) Noun employment, work, job task, job from δοῦλος (doûlos, “slave”). μόχθος • (móchthos) m (plural μόχθοι) toil, drudgery, hard work, labour(UK), labor(US) ``` αγγαρεία • (angareía) f (plural αγγαρείες) chore, task (military) fatigues (US), jankers (UK) drudgery forced labour ``` see: αγγαρεύω (angarévo, “to enslave, to impose drudgery”) στολή αγγαρείας f (stolí angareías, “fatigues (uniform)”) αγγαρεύω • (angarévo) (past αγγάρεψα, passive αγγαρεύομαι) compel do work (especially unpaid work), enslave, requisition for work (military) assign fatigues duty αγγαρεία f (angareía, “fatigues duty, jankers”) αγγάρεμα n (angárema, “the imposition of drudgery”) From ἄγγαρος (“mounted courier”) +‎ -εύω (verb-forming suffix). ἀγγαρεύω • (angareúō) (Koine) (transitive) To dispatch as a courier (transitive) To consign one to some task, requisition, press into service

Answer 515

PROCEDURE διαδικασία procedure, process, proceedings, litigation διαδικασία • (diadikasía) f (plural διαδικασίες) procedure, process, method, protocol (computing) function, subroutine, procedure. δικασία (“Lawsuit”)

Answer 516

PRAXIS - DO - ACT - DEED - MAKE πράξη act, practice, transaction, action, deed, process. ``` πράξη • (práxi) f (plural πράξεις) act, deed action, praxis (finance) transaction (computing, logic, mathematics) operation (drama) act ``` From the Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (prâxis). ``` πρᾶξῐς • (prâxis) f (genitive πρᾱ́ξεως); third declension deed, act, action, activity business dealing success collection of debts, arrears business, office work, treatise magic spell (euphemistic) sexual intercourse conduct, practice state, condition ``` From πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō, “I do, practice”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”). ——————————— From ποιέω (“do”) ``` ποιέω • (poiéō) To make To create To produce (mathematics) To make, to produce To postulate, imply To solve (post-Homeric) To compose, write poetry To write of (an event) in poetry To invent To cause To cause (accusative) to (infinitive) To procure To celebrate, observe Used in the middle with a noun periphrastically for the verb derived from said noun. (with predicate adjective) To make, cause to be To put (mathematics) To multiple (middle) To consider, deem To assume To take time, spend time (later Greek) To sacrifice To prepare To play (sense 3) To do To do (accusative) to (accusative) (with adverb) To act (pro-verb) Refers back to a previous verb: To do To act (medicine) To operate, to be efficacious (in Thucydides) (Koine) To do customarily, To practise (middle) To pretend ``` ———————- ποίησις • (poíēsis) f (genitive ποιήσεως); third declension poetry, poem a creation, fabrication, production From ποιέω (poiéō, “I make”) +‎ -σις (-sis).

Answer 517

FUNCTION “as in” LITURGY λειτουργία operation, function, service, liturgy, mass, office. υπούργημα function ``` function (n.) 1530s, "one's proper work or purpose; power of acting in a specific proper way," from French fonction (16c.) and directl... ``` from Latin functionem (nominative functio) "a performance, an execution," noun of action from funct-, past-participle stem of fungi "perform, execute, discharge," from PIE *bhung- "be of use, be used" (source also of Sanskrit bhunjate "to benefit, make benefit, atone," Armenian bowcanem "to feed," Old Irish bongaid "to break, harvest"), which is perhaps related to root *bhrug- "to enjoy." Meaning "official ceremony" is from 1630s, originally in church use. Use in mathematics probably was begun by Leibnitz (1692). In reference to computer operations, 1947. * bhrug- * bhrūg-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to enjoy," with derivatives referring to agricultural products. It forms all or part of: brook (v.) "to endure;" defunct; fructify; fructose; frugal; fruit; fruitcake; fruitful; fruition; fruitless; frumentaceous; function; fungible; perfunctory; tutti-frutti; usufruct. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin frui "to use, enjoy," fructus "an enjoyment, proceeds, fruit, crops;" Old English brucan "use, enjoy, possess," German brauchen "to use." frūctus m (genitive frūctūs); fourth declension enjoyment, delight, satisfaction produce, product, fruit profit, yield, output, income (by extension) effect, result, return, reward, success From Proto-Italic *frūktos, perfect active participle of fruor (“have the benefit of, use, enjoy”). fructus (uncountable) (law, historical) In Ancient Roman law, any product originating either from a natural source (such as fruits grown or animals bred) or from legal transactions (e.g. interest on a loan). fruor (present infinitive fruī, perfect active frūctus sum); third conjugation, deponent I enjoy; I derive pleasure from. I engage (in) Proto-Indo-European Root *bʰruHg- to make use of; have enjoyment of usufruct (n.) "right to the use and profits of the property of another without damaging it," 1610s (implied in usufructuary), from Late Latin usufructus, in full usus et fructus "use and enjoyment," from Latin usus "a use" (see use (n.)) + fructus "enjoyment," also "fruit" (from PIE root *bhrug- "to enjoy," with derivatives referring to agricultural products). Attested earlier in delatinized form usufruit (late 15c.). tutti-frutti (n.) 1834, from Italian tutti frutti "all fruits," from tutti, plural of tutto "all" (from Latin totus "whole, entire;" see total (adj.)) + frutti, plural of frutto "fruit" (from Latin fructus; see fruit). Tutti is an Italian word literally meaning all or together and is used as a musical term, for the whole orchestra as opposed to the soloist. It is applied similarly to choral music, where the whole section or choir is called to sing.[1] Music examination boards may instruct candidates to "play in tuttis", indicating that the candidate should play both the solo and the tutti sections.

Answer 518

(Lit... UNDER+WORK). FUNCTION - SERVICE - RECEPTION Hypo + Ergon

Answer 519

SERVICE (as related to function) υπηρεσία • (ypiresía) f (plural υπηρεσίες) service τις υπηρεσίες του στην ανθρωπότητα ― tis ypiresíes tou stin anthropótita ― services to humanity service (the army, police, etc) Ευρωπαϊκή Αστυνομική Υπηρεσία ― Evropaïkí Astynomikí Ypiresía ― European Police Service (Europol) service (to the public) υπηρεσία υγείας ― ypiresía ygeías ― health service (colloquial, dated) service (as a housemaid) υπηρετώ (ypiretó, “to serve”) υπηρέτης m (ypirétis, “servant”) υπηρέτρια f (ypirétria, “servant”) υπηρετικός (ypiretikós, “of service”) υπηρεσιακός (ypiresiakós, “departmental, of a public service”) εξυπηρετώ (exypiretó, “to serve, to be of service”) εξυπηρετικός (exypiretikós, “helpful, obliging”) εξυπηρέτηση f (exypirétisi, “service”) υπηρέτης • (ypirétis) m (plural υπηρέτες, feminine υπηρέτρια) Masculine noun servant (with household duties) υπηρέτρια • (ypirétria) f (plural υπηρέτριες, masculine υπηρέτης) Feminine noun servant (with household duties)

Answer 520

QUANTITY — (“HOW” how much, how many) From ποσό — amount, sum, quantity, merit ``` Πώς είσαι = “how are you” Πόσο κοστίζει = “how much does it cost” πόσο θέλετε = “how much do you want” πόσο χρειάζεσαι = “how much do you need” πόσα έχεις = “how much do you have” ``` equivalent to πόσος (“how much”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). ``` πόσος • (pósos) m (feminine πόση, neuter πόσον); first/second declension As an adjective interrogative adjective of quantity: how much?, how many?, how big?, how great?, how far?, how long? ``` πόσος • (pósos) m (feminine πόση, neuter πόσο) interrogative As a Pronoun how much? (questions of quantity and extent) Πόσο κάνει; ― Póso kánei? ― How much? Πόσο γάλα; ― Póso gála? ― How much milk? Πόση ώρα είσαι εδώ; ― Pósi óra eísai edó? ― How long have you been here? (plural) how many? (questions of quantity) Πόσοι θέλετε καφέ; ― Pósoi thélete kafé? ― How many want coffee? —————————————————- ποσότητα • (posótita) f (plural ποσότητες) Noun quantity, amount From ποιότης (poiótis) +‎ -ικός (-ikós). Calque of French qualitatif. From Ancient Greek ποσότης — equivalent to πόσος (“how much”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). πόσο (póso, “how much”, “how many”) ποσοτικός (posotikós, “quantitative”) ποσοτικός • (posotikós) m (feminine ποσοτική, neuter ποσοτικό) quantitative Antonym: ποιοτικός (poiotikós) ``` Greek: ποιότητα (poiótita) → Latin: quālitās (calque) LATIN quālitās f (genitive quālitātis); third declension quality, property ``` quālis (interrogative) of what kind, what kind of (relative) of such kind, such as Cognate with Ancient Greek πηλίκος (pēlíkos). πηλῐ́κος • (pēlíkos) m (feminine πηλῐ́κη, neuter πηλῐ́κον); first/second declension (interrogative) how great (interrogative) of what magnitude (interrogative) of what age ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂el- (imperfective) to grow, nourish Cognates Latin - *oleō *oleō (present infinitive *olēre); second conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem (“I grow”) ``` ``` Cognates Latin - alō Verb alō (present infinitive alere, perfect active aluī, supine altum or alitum); third conjugation (“I foster, nourish”) I feed, I maintain, I develop ``` Latin - alumnus (feminine alumna, neuter alumnum); first/second-declension adjective Nourished, fostered, etc. ——————————— In linguistics and grammar, a quantifier is a type of determiner, such as all, some, many, few, a lot, and no, (but not specific numerals)[clarification needed] that indicates quantity.[1] Quantification is also used in logic, where it is a formula constructor that produces new formulas from old ones. Natural languages' determiners have been argued[citation needed] to correspond to logical quantifiers at the semantic level. In natural languages, a quantifier turns a sentence about something having some property into a sentence about the number (quantity) of things having the property. Examples of quantifiers in English are "all", "some", "many", "few", "most", and "no";[1] examples of quantified sentences are "all people are mortal", "some people are mortal", and "no people are mortal", they are considered to be true, true, and false, respectively. In mathematical logic, in particular in first-order logic, a quantifier achieves a similar task, operating on a mathematical formula rather than an English sentence. More precisely, a quantifier specifies the quantity of specimens in the domain of discourse that satisfy an open formula. The two most common formal quantifiers are "for each" (traditionally symbolized by "∀"), and "there exists some" ("∃").[3] For example, in arithmetic, quantifiers allow one to say that the natural numbers go on forever, by writing that "for each natural number n, there exists some natural number m that is bigger than n"; this can be written formally as "∀n∈ℕ. ∃m∈ℕ. m>n".[4] The above English examples could be formalized as "∀p∈P. m(p)",[5] "∃p∈P. m(p)", and "¬ ∃p∈P. m(p)",[6] respectively, when P denotes the set of all people, and m(p) denotes "p is mortal". A formula beginning with a quantifier is called a quantified formula. A formal quantifier requires a variable, which is said to be bound by it, and a subformula specifying a property of that variable. Formal quantifiers have been generalized beginning with the work of Mostowski and Lindström.

Answer 521

QUALITY — (“WHAT” kind, type or class) ``` ποιοτικός • (poiotikós) m (feminine ποιοτική, neuter ποιοτικό) Adjective qualitative ποιοτικός έλεγχος (quality control) Antonym: ποσοτικός (posotikós) ``` ποιος; (poios?) (masculine) ποια; (poia?) (feminine) ποιότης • (poiótēs) f (genitive ποιότητος); third declension Noun quality From ποιός (poiós) +‎ -της (-masculine agent noun). ποιός • (poiós) m (feminine ποιᾱ́, neuter ποιόν); first/second declension From Proto-Indo-European *kʷos +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjectival suffix). Οf a certain nature, kind or quality ————————————— Compare its interrogative form ποῖος (poîos). Adjective ποῖος • (poîos) m (feminine ποίᾱ, neuter ποῖον); first/second declension (interrogative adjective) of what kind?, of what nature?, which?, what? Proto-Indo-European/kʷís *kʷís who, what (interrogative) who, which, that (relative) *kʷós Determiner (“which, what”)

Answer 522

HOW GREAT — WHAT MAGNITUDE ``` πηλῐ́κος • (pēlíkos) m (feminine πηλῐ́κη, neuter πηλῐ́κον); first/second declension Adjective (interrogative) how great (interrogative) of what magnitude (interrogative) of what age ``` From Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“interrogative, relative stem”) and maybe *h₂el- (“to grow”). Cognate with Latin quālis.

Answer 523

WHAT Pronoun τί • (tí) neuter nominative/accusative singular of τίς (tís) oxytone form of τι (ti) before an enclitic, neuter nominative/accusative singular of τις (tis) Etymology 2[edit] Adverbial accusative of τίς (tís, “what”). Related terms (contraction): σε (se) + τις (tis) giving στις (stis) Adverb τί • (tí) why? Pronoun τί • (tí) m interrogative Polytonic spelling of τι; (ti?, “what?”) Cognates include Latin quis Compare its interrogative form τίς (tís, “who?”). τῐς • (tis) (with ἔγκλισις, moving back its accent) As a pronoun (indefinite, masculine/feminine) someone, anyone, a certain one (indefinite, in neuter) something, anything, a certain thing τις • (tis) (weak personal pronoun) As a pronoun them (3rd person feminine plural, accusative; used before the verb) τις • (tis) f pl As an article (definite) accusative feminine plural of ο (o) (the) τις • (tis) m (feminine τις, neuter τι) interrogative - Polytonic spelling: τίς, τί; Pronoun (archaic, formal, mostly in set phrases) who? (what? / which person or people?) τις πταίει; ― tis ptaíei? ― who is at fault? τίς πταίει; (polytonic spelling) τις ει; ― tis ei? ― who are you? (τίς εἶ;) (military, recognition) τίνι τρόπω; ― tíni trópo? ― in what way? (τίνι τρόπῳ;) Τίνος είσαι συ; ― Tínos eísai sy? ― Whose are you? / Whose child are you? (stereotypical phrase associated with elderly Greeks in small villages and communities to those they don't recognise)

Answer 524

TO LOOK Look is active See is passive Imagine is middle ``` OLD ENGLISH Locian To look From Old English lōcian See also: ymblōcian to look around From ymb- +‎ lōcian. ``` ``` Perhaps related to Breton lagad (“eye, look”) Welsh llygad (“eye”) ``` ``` from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine”). *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”) From Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒅗𒊑 (lu-uk-ka-ri) (third-person present singular) (“to dawn, to light up”) ``` Latin: lūceō lūceō (present infinitive lūcēre, perfect active lūxī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I shine Requiem aeternam dona eis, et lux perpetua luceat eis. Give them eternal rest, and let perpetual light shine upon them. (of the day) I dawn, become light I show through; I become visible I am conspicuous, apparent, evident. From Proto-Italic *loukēō, from the root of lūx (“light”) ``` lūx f (genitive lūcis); third declension light (of the sun, stars etc.) daylight, day, moonlight life (figuratively) public view glory, encouragement enlightenment, explanation splendour eyesight, the eyes, luminary ``` and Old English lēoht (English light (noun)). from Proto-Germanic *lōkōną. Verb To look *lōkōną to look, see ``` Old English — ymb- Prefix ymb- around ymbfær ― circuit ymbeardian ― to dwell around about, regarding ymbeþanc ― thought, reflection, consideration ymbhȳdig ― anxious ymbwlātian ― to contemplate, observe, consider ymbesprǣċ ― talk, remark, criticism, opinion near, by restraining, lessening ymbbǣtan ― to curb, restrain ``` From Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around”). Akin to Old English ymb, ymbe (“around, about”) —————————— ``` Scottish leuk (plural leuks) Noun A look. An examination, inspection. From Old English Lōcian leuk (third-person singular present leuks, present participle leukin, past leukit, past participle leukit) To look. To examine, inspect. ``` —————————— रोचते • (rócate) (root रुच्, class 1, type A) (Vedic ráucatai) to shine, be bright or radiant or resplendent (only in perfect tense parasmai-pada) to make bright or resplendent to be splendid or beautiful or good to be agreeable to, please (+dative or genitive) to be pleased with, like (+accusative) to be desirous of, long for (+dative) (causative) to cause to shine (causative) to enlighten, illuminate, make bright (causative) to make pleasant or beautiful (causative) to cause any one (accusative) to long for anything (dative) (causative) to find pleasure in, like, approve, deem anything right (+ accusative or infinitive) (causative) to choose as (double accusative) (causative) to purpose, intend (passive) to be pleasant or agreeable to (+dative) (intensive) to shine bright ``` Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós) λευκός • (leukós) m (feminine λευκή, neuter λευκόν); first/second declension bright, shining, gleaming light in color; white pale-skinned, weakly, cowardly fair, happy, joyful ``` λευκός • (lefkós) m (feminine λευκή, neuter λευκό) Adjective (literary, more formal) (“white”) κατάλευκος (“snow white, lily white, completely white”) λευκόχρῡσος • (leukókhrūsos) f (genitive λευκοχρῡ́σου); second declension kind of gem of a pale gold color From λευκός (“white”) +‎ χρῡσός (khrūsós, “gold”).

Answer 525

I THINK νομίζω • (nomízo) (past νόμισα, passive νομίζομαι) Verb think, consider, opine Νομίζω ότι η μητέρα του ζει. ― Nomízo óti i mitéra tou zei. ― I think that his mother is alive. Νομιζόμουν για καλός μαθητής από τους καθηγητές μου, αλλά απέτυχα στις εξετάσεις. Nomizómoun gia kalós mathitís apó tous kathigités mou, allá apétycha stis exetáseis. I was thought of as a good student by my professors, but I failed my exams. From νόμος (“custom”) +‎ -ίζω (denominative verb suffix). Nomos, from Ancient Greek: νόμος, romanized: nómos, is the body of law governing human behavior. Nomos or Nomoi may refer to: Nomos (mythology), 'the spirit of law' in Greek mythology Nomos (sociology), a habit or custom of social and political behavior. See also Nome (disambiguation) Namus, normative patriarchal community standards in the Muslim world Nome (Egypt) (Ancient Greek nomós), subdivisions of Ancient Egypt Prefectures of Greece (modern Greek nomós), former administrative subdivisions Laws (dialogue) (Ancient Greek Nómoi), a dialogue by Plato A DENOMINATIVE VERB is, quite logically, a verb that is derived from a noun (L nomen, nominis). In its etymology, denominative (de-nomin-are, de-nomin-atus) means “taken from a noun”; and the word is a perfect example of the principle that it describes. -ῐ́ζω • (-ízō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote: adhere to the policy of the city mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym ‎-ίζω (-ízō) + ‎Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → ‎λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō) ——————————-

Answer 526

CHOICE - WISH - PROMISE - OPTION - SELECTION επιλογή • (epilogí) f (plural επιλογές) choice From ἐπῐλέγω (epilégō) +‎ -η (-ē). From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). ``` ἐπῐλέγω • (epilégō) to say in addition, to add further, to call by name to choose, to pick out, to select to read to think over, to consider ``` ἐπῐ- • (epi-) (place) on, upon, on top of, all over, covering (motion) on, over (addition, accompaniment) in addition to, as interest on, with (time) after (of superiority, authority, motivation) over, at, for, against (intensive) over- ``` λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` —————————————- OLD ENGLISH Middle English chyse, chys, chis (“choice, excellent”), from Old English ċīs, *ċīes (“choice; dainty; nice”), related to Old English ċēosan (“to choose”). ġeċēosan to choose, select; wale, elect, decide, approve, accept from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“taste, choose”). Root *ǵews- to taste, try From Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwseti, from *ǵews- (“to taste, try”). wiþċēosan to choose against; reject; refuse From wiþ- (“against, away”) +‎ ċēosan (“to choose”). ƿiþċēosan – wynn spelling ``` Proto-Germanic/keusaną Verb *keusaną to test, to try to choose ``` ``` Cognate with Ancient Greek γεύω (geúō), Latin gustō and Sanskrit जुषते (juṣate). γεύω • (geúō) to give to taste to feed (middle) to taste (middle) to eat (middle) to try, experience, examine (middle) to partake, enjoy ``` gustō (present infinitive gustāre, perfect active gustāvī, supine gustātum); first conjugation I taste, sample. I snack; I whet my appetite. ``` From Latin gustus (“tasting”), from Proto-Italic *gustus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus. From *ǵews- (“to try, to taste”) +‎ *-tus. *(é)-tus m Derives action nouns from verb roots. ``` γεῦμᾰ • (geûma) n (genitive γεύμᾰτος); third declension taste, smack food IPA(key): /ɡêu̯.ma/ → /ˈɣeβ.ma/ → /ˈʝev.ma/ From γεύω (geúō, “to taste”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). ``` —————————————- OPTATIVE MOOD (option mood) ``` έγκλιση f (égklisi, “grammatical mood”) optative (not comparable) Expressing a wish or a choice. (Can we find and add a quotation of Fuller to this entry?) (grammar) Related or pertaining to the optative mood. ευκτική • (efktikí) f (plural ευκτικές) (grammar) optative mood εὐκτῐκή • (euktikḗ) f (genitive εὐκτῐκῆς); first declension (grammar) The optative mood Verbal adjective from optō (“to wish”), from the perfect passive participle optātus +‎ -īvus (adjective suffix), a calque of Ancient Greek εὐκτική (euktikḗ, “related to wishing”). optō (present infinitive optāre, perfect active optāvī, supine optātum); first conjugation I choose, select, opt. I wish for, desire. from Proto-Indo-European *op- (“to prefer, choose”). εὐκτική (euktikḗ, “related to wishing”). optātus (feminine optāta, neuter optātum, comparative optātior, superlative optātissimus); first/second-declension participle wished for, desired, pleasant, having been desired. chosen, selected, having been chosen. ——————— Adjective[edit] εὐκτῐκός • (euktikós) m (feminine εὐκτῐκή, neuter εὐκτῐκόν); first/second declension Related to wishing (grammar) Used to express a wish: the forms of the optative mood expressing a prayer or vow (substantive) εὐκτῐκόν: utterance in the form of a prayer or wish From εὐχ- (eukh-), the stem of εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, “to wish, pray, or vow”), + -τῐκός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix). ``` εὔχομαι • (eúkhomai) to pray, offer prayers to pray for, wish for, long for to vow or promise to do to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt ``` from *h₁wegʷʰ- (“to promise, to praise”). Verb[edit] εὔχεται • (eúkhetai) third-person plural present indicative mediopassive of εὔχομαι (eúkhomai) From εὐχ- (eukh-), the stem of εὔχομαι (eúkhomai, “to wish, pray, or vow”), + -τῐκός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix). ``` LATIN voveō (present infinitive vovēre, perfect active vōvī, supine vōtum); second conjugation I vow, promise I dedicate or devote to a deity. I wish for, desire. ``` From earlier Proto-Italic *wogʷeō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek εὔχομαι (eúkhomai), vōtum n (genitive vōtī); second declension promise, dedication, vow determination, will, desire prayer Participle vōtus (feminine vōta, neuter vōtum); first/second-declension participle vowed, promised; devoted to (a deity); having been vowed Adjective vōtīvus (feminine vōtīva, neuter vōtīvum); first/second-declension adjective Of or pertaining to a vow; promised by a vow, given in consequence of a vow; vowed, votive. Desired, longed or wished for. From voveō (“to vow”) +‎ -īvus (adjective) ``` εὐχή , eukhế \ eu̯.kʰɛː \ feminine Prayer , wish . εὐχὴν ἐπιτελέσαι Wish , aspiration . εὐχαῖς ὅμοια λέγειν Imprecation , vow to do evil. ``` εὔχομαι , eúkhomai ( "prayer"). ``` εύχομαι , eúkhomai \ ˈe͜u.kʰo.ma͜i \ ( see conjugation ) Make a wish, pray , address a prayer , a wish . Make a vow to, promise . Is flatter than if boast of. ( Hence ) Affirm , declare , say. ( Passive form ) To be prayed. Be asked by a prayer. To be offered or promised by a wish. Compounds ``` ``` εὖχος , eûkhos \ pronunciation? \ masculine Wish , object of prayer. Offering Votive . Boasting . Synonyms [ edit wikicode ] ``` εὖγμα , eûgma \ Pronunciation? \ neutral Wish . Example of use missing. ( Add ) Boasting From Ancient Greek ἐπιλέγω (epilégō), from ἐπι- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). επιλέγω • (epilégo) (past επέλεξα, passive επιλέγομαι) (transitive, intransitive) choose, select, pick (decide upon from a set of options)[1] Επέλεξε το πράσινο φόρεμα να φορέσει. ― Epélexe to prásino fórema na forései. ― She chose the green dress to wear. Έχεις επιλέξει ακόμα; ― Écheis epiléxei akóma? ― Have you chosen yet? (intransitive, rare) conclude (to say in conclusion)[2] Επιλέγοντας, είπε ότι λυπόταν για ο,τι έκανε. ― Epilégontas, eípe óti lypótan gia o,ti ékane. ― Concluding, he said he was sorry for what he did. (different sense for the present participle) επιλεγόμενος: eponymous επίλεκτος (epílektos, “picked, handpicked”) επιλέξιμος (epiléximos, “eligible, selectable”) επιλογέας m (epilogéas, “selector, selector dial”) επιλογή f (epilogí, “choice, selection”) επίλογος m (epílogos, “epilogue”) (choose, select): διαλέγω (dialégo) (conclude): τελειώνω (teleióno), συμπληρώνω (sympliróno) επιλογέας • (epilogéas) m (plural επιλογείς) selector, chooser, switcher dispatcher Synonym διανομέας • (dianoméas) m or f (plural διανομείς) (computing) router (a device connecting local area networks to form a larger internet) dispatcher επίλογος • (epílogos) m epilogue epilogue (plural epilogues) A short speech, spoken directly at the audience at the end of a play The performer who gives this speech A brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece; an afterword (computing) A component of a computer program that prepares the computer to return from a routine. From French épilogue, from Latin epilogus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίλογος (epílogos, “a conclusion, peroration of a speech, epilogue of a play”), from ἐπιλέγειν (epilégein, “say in addition”), from ἐπί (epí, “in addition”) + λέγειν (légein, “to say”).

Answer 527

DISPUTE ἀμφιλέγω • (amphilégō) to dispute, to question to doubt, to argue with two viewpoints Derived terms ἀμφίλεκτος (masc. fem.), ἀμφίλεκτον (amphílekton) (neu.) “of which one disputes” ἀμφιλογία f (amphilogía, “the doubting”) ἀμφίλογος (masc. fem.), ἀμφίλογον (amphílogon) (neu.) “of which one disputes”

Answer 528

SELECTION ᾰπολέγω • (apolégō) to pick out from, to choose (later sense) decline, refuse From ἀπό- (apó-, “from”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”) (λέγω, sense: 'choose'). ἀπολογή f (apologḗ, “selection”) ἀπολογέομαι (apologéomai, “speak in defence”) ἀπολογητέος (apologētéos, “one must defend”) ἀπολογία f (apología, “speech in defence”) ``` ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ • (apologíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) a speech made in defense of something ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱν ποιεῖσθαι apologíān poieîsthai to make a defense ``` From ᾰ̓πο- (apo-, “back”) +‎ λόγος (lógos, “speech”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun–forming suffix). Noun φυσική επιλογή • (fysikí epilogí) f (uncountable) (evolutionary theory) natural selection

Answer 529

CATEGORY - ACCUSE κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ • (katēgoríā) f (genitive κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension charge, accusation (logic) predication, category From κᾰτηγορέω (katēgoréō, “I accuse, speak against”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). κατηγορώ • (katigoró) (past κατηγόρησα, passive κατηγορούμαι, p‑past κατηγορήθηκα, ppp κατηγορημένος) blame, accuse (law) accuse, charge κᾰτηγορέω • (katēgoréō) to speak against, especially before judges, to accuse, to denounce publicly to state or bring as a charge against a person, accuse of it (with accusative of object) to allege in accusation (passive) to be accused (absolute) to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor to signify, indicate, prove (followed by a relative pronoun) to tell plainly, declare, assert (in logic) to predicate of a person or thing to affirm From κᾰτήγορος (katḗgoros) +‎ -έω (-éō), or from κᾰτᾰ- (kata-, “against”) +‎ ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in assembly”). Etymology αλληλο- (allilo-, “reciprocal, mutual”) +‎ κατηγορία (katigoría, “charge”) Noun αλληλοκατηγορία • (allilokatigoría) f (plural αλληλοκατηγορίες) recrimination ————————————— αλληλοκατηγορία f (allilokatigoría, “recrimination”) αυτοκατηγορούμαι (aftokatigoroúmai, “accuse one's self”) κατηγορουμένη f (katigorouméni, “accused, person charged”) κατηγορούμενο n (katigoroúmeno, “predicative”, noun) κατηγόρημα n (katigórima, “predicate”) κατηγορία f (katigoría, “accusation”) and see: κατήγορος m or f (katígoros, “plaintiff”) έγκληση • (égklisi) f (plural εγκλήσεις) accusation (law) indictment έγκλιση • (égklisi) f (plural εγκλίσεις) (grammar) grammatical mood, mood (linguistics) enclisis ευκτική f (efktikí, “optative mood”) οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) προστακτική f (prostaktikí, “imperative mood”) υποτακτική f (ypotaktikí, “subjunctive mood”) ἔγκλῐσῐς • (énklisis) f (genitive ἐγκλῐ́σεως); third declension inclination; slope defeat, failure (medicine) displacement (grammar) mood of a verb (grammar) throwing back of the accent or change of acute accent to grave accent[1] (grammar, generally) inflection of derivative forms From ἐγκλίνω (enklínō, “to incline”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process from ἐν (en) + κλίσις (klísis) κλῐ́σῐς • (klísis) f (genitive κλῐ́σεως); third declension bending, inclination a lying down; a place for lying down (of soldiers) turning (grammar) inflection (of nouns and verbs) (grammar) augment From κλῑ́νω (klī́nō) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). ``` κλῑ́νω • (klī́nō) to bend, slant to cause to give way, cause to retreat to lean, prop something on another to turn aside to decline, wane to seat, cause to lie down (grammar) to inflect, decline, conjugate (passive) to lean, be sloping (passive) to wander, stray ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-. from *ḱel- (“to cover”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix). Root *ḱley- to shelter, cover κλῑ́νη • (klī́nē) f (genitive κλῑ́νης); first declension bed, couch From κλῑ́νω (klī́nō) +‎ -η (-ē). κλῖμᾰξ • (klîmax) f (genitive κλῑ́μᾰκος); third declension ladder staircase torture instrument shaped like a ladder a certain wrestling move (rhetoric) climax the blocks of wood placed above the wheels of a chariot From κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “I bend, lean”). κλῐ́μᾰ • (klíma) n (genitive κλῐ́μᾰτος); third declension a slope, incline, inclination the supposed slope of the earth from the equator to the pole; (terrestrial) latitude a region, zone or belt of the earth; a clime From κλῐ́νω (klínō, “to slope, incline”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). -μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action κλίση • (klísi) f (plural κλίσεις) inclination, tilt, steepness, slope inclination, disposition, tendency (grammar) inflection; declension; conjugation κλισιόμετρο n (klisiómetro, “clinometer”) κλίνω (klíno, “to bend, to inflect”) SUFFIX -η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine) Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun. Added to o-grade of the verbal stem ‎τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”) Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem ‎φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”) ‎τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”) Added to e-grade of the verbal stem ‎στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎στέγη (stégē, “roof”) ``` ἀνάκλισις (anáklisis) ἀντίκλισις (antíklisis) ἀπόκλισις (apóklisis) ἔγκλισις (énklisis) ἔκκλισις (ékklisis) ἐπίκλισις (epíklisis) μετάκλισις (metáklisis) παρέγκλισις (parénklisis) περίκλισις (períklisis) προσανάκλισις (prosanáklisis) πρόσκλισις (prósklisis) συγκατάκλισις (sunkatáklisis) show more ▼ ```

Answer 530

COMPUTE ``` υπολογίζω • (ypologízo) active (past υπολόγισα, passive υπολογίζομαι) calculate, compute Synonyms: λογαριάζω, στιμάρω (folksy) reckon, estimate Synonyms: νομίζω, θεωρώ gauge, estimate think highly of someone ``` υπολογισμός m (ypologismós, “calculation”) υπολογιστικός (ypologistikós, “computational”) υπολογιστής (“of ulterior motive”) (someone who is calculating) υπολογίστρια (feminine) υπολογιστής m (ypologistís, “calculator”) ———————————————— νομίζω • (nomízō) I use customarily, practise (legislation) I enact (with dative) I make a man of you, use (with infinitive) I am accustomed to doing I acknowledge, consider as I esteem, hold in honour (with accusative of object) I hold, believe (with accusative and infinitive) I deem, hold, believe that From νόμος (“custom, law”) +‎ -ίζω (denominative - noun from verb). ``` νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension usage, custom law, ordinance melody, strain ancient type of song kind of coin course of masonry ``` ``` νόμῐσμᾰ • (nómisma) n (genitive νομῐ́σμᾰτος); third declension that which is sanctioned by usage custom an institution a current coin, money Synonym: κέρμᾰ (kérma) ``` ``` νόμισμα • (nómisma) n (plural νομίσματα) a coin the basic currency of a country nomisma money circulating in the form of notes and coin ``` see: χρήμα n (chríma, “capital, assets”) (coin) : κέρμα n (kérma) νομισματικός • (nomismatikós) m (feminine νομισματική, neuter νομισματικό) numismatic numismatic (not comparable) Of or pertaining to currency, especially to coins. Of or pertaining to numismatics. Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο n (Diethnés Nomismatikó Tameío, “International Monetary Fund”) FUND ταμείο • (tameío) n (plural ταμεία) cash desk, checkout, cashier's desk box office, ticket office ταμίας m or f (tamías, “cashier”) ταμειακός (tameiakós, “cash, fiscal”) ταμιευτήριο n (tamieftírio, “savings' bank”) ταμιευτήρας (tamieftíras, “reservoir”) and see: αποταμιεύω (apotamiévo, “to save, to save up”) αυτόματη ταμειακή μηχανή f (aftómati tameiakí michaní, “automatic cash machine”) αυτόματη ταμειολογιστική μηχανή f (aftómati tameiologistikí michaní, “automatic cash machine”) ΑΤΜ f (ATM, “ATM”) Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο n (Diethnés Nomismatikó Tameío, “International Monetary Fund”) ασφαλιστικό ταμείο n (asfalistikó tameío, “public sector organization providing for health insurance and pensions”). —————————————— compute (v.) 1630s, "determine by calculation," from French computer (16c.), from Latin computare "to count, sum up, reckon together," from com "with, together" (see com-) + putare "to reckon," originally "to prune," from PIE root *pau- (2) "to cut, strike, stamp." A doublet of count (v.). Related: Computed; computing. *pau- (2) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to cut, strike, stamp." It forms all or part of: account; amputate; amputation; anapest; berate; compute; count (v.); depute; deputy; dispute; impute; pave; pavement; pit (n.1) "hole, cavity;" putative; rate (v.1) "to scold;" reputation; repute. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin pavire "to beat, ram, tread down," putare "to prune;" Greek paiein "to strike;" Lithuanian pjauti "to cut," pjūklas "saw." ``` Compute - υπολογίζω Dispute - Impute - αποδίδω Repute Putative ``` To strike - απεργία σφραγίδα • (sfragída) f (plural σφραγίδες) stamp (indentation or imprint made by stamping) sigil, die, imprint επισφραγίζω seal, stamp, sigil ( passive voice : seal ) I complete a process with some specific action IMPUTE ἀποδίδωμι • (apodídōmi) to give up or back, restore, return, to render what is due, pay. To assign, to refer to one, as belonging to his department. to render, give an account to render, give an account, to define, interpret (like ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeíknumi)) to render or make to concede, allow, to suffer or allow a person to do ἀπόδοσις • (apódosis) f (genitive ἀποδόσεως); third declension giving back, restitution, return payment assignment, attribution rendering by way of definition (grammar) clause answering to the protasis interpretation, explanation απόδοση • (apódosi) f (plural αποδόσεις) imputation performance, yield, efficiency (grammar) apodosis apodosis (plural apodoses) (logic, grammar) The consequential clause in a conditional sentence. In "I will be coming if this weather holds up", "I will be coming" is the apodosis. from ἀπό (apó, “back again”) and δόσις (dósis, “gift”). δόσῐς • (dósis) f (genitive δόσῐος or δόσεως); third declension giving, a gift license, permission portion dose of medicine Equivalent to δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”) +‎ -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix). from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis *déh₃tis f (oblique stem *dh₃téy-) (act of) giving From *deh₃- (“to give”) +‎ *-tis (abstract action noun from verbs) IMPUTE imputation (countable and uncountable, plural imputations) The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription. That which has been imputed or charged. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation. (theology) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another the imputation of the sin of Adam the imputation of the righteousness of Christ Opinion; intimation; hint. (statistics) The process of replacing missing data with substituted values. (genetics) The statistical inference of unobserved genotypes. (game theory) A distribution that is efficient and individually rational. imputātiō f (genitive imputātiōnis); third declension entry in account charge; accusation imputō (present infinitive imputāre, perfect active imputāvī, supine imputātum); first conjugation Verb I reckon, charge, enter into the account. (figurative) I attribute, credit to; I impute From in- +‎ putō (“esteem, consider”). putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation I clean, cleanse I trim, prune, lop (figurative) I arrange, settle (figurative) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider (figurative) I judge, suspect, suppose (figurative) I ponder, consider, think about Synonym: cōgitō cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think k I ponder, meditate, reflect, consider (i.e. think of, about, over) I intend, design, purpose, plan, devise (i.e. have in mind) From con- +‎ agitō. From agō (“do, act, make”) +‎ -itō (frequentative suffix). See actus. agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation I act, behave, do, or make persistently or unremittingly. I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. I brandish, wield. (of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control. (of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue. I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb. I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on. I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment. I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock. I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise. (of time) I pass, spend. I live, dwell, abide, sojourn. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. (with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in. DISPUTE διαμάχη • (diamáchi) f (plural διαμάχες) conflict, dispute, strife, controversy ``` μᾰ́χη • (mákhē) f (genitive μᾰ́χης); first declension battle, combat quarrel, strife, dispute contest, game battlefield (logic) contradiction, inconsistency ``` From μάχομαι (mákhomai, “I do battle”). φιλονικώ , φιλονίκησα Dispute, quarrel , scold someone, brawl ``` διένεξη conflict ( scholar ) confrontation , controversy , quarrel ένεξη Involved ——————————————- ``` LATIN putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation I clean, cleanse I trim, prune, lop (figurative) I arrange, settle (figurative) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider (figurative) I judge, suspect, suppose (figurative) I ponder, consider, think about amputō (present infinitive amputāre, perfect active amputāvī, supine amputātum); first conjugation I prune, cut off. I curtail, shorten. From ambi- +‎ putō (“cut back, prune”).

Answer 531

YIELD - PRODUCE - GENERATE - WORSHIP - OFFERING Etymology From Ancient Greek παράγω (parágō). Morphologically παρ- (par-) +‎ άγω (ágo). Verb[edit] παράγω • (parágo) (past παρήγαγα, passive παράγομαι) produce, generate αναπαράγω • (anaparágo) (past αναπαρήγαγα, passive αναπαράγομαι) reproduce (offspring) reproduce, duplicate (image,etc) reproduce (performance, music) Morphologically ανα- (ana-) +‎ παράγω (parágo). αναπαραγωγή f (anaparagogí, “reproduction”) αναπαραγωγικός (anaparagogikós, “reproductive”, adjective) παράγω (parágo, “to generate, to produce”) ``` παράγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: paragó Phonetic Spelling: (par-ag'-o) Definition: to lead by, to pass by or away Usage: I pass by, depart, pass away. ``` transitive a. to lead past, lead by. b. to lead aside, mislead; to lead away. c. to lead to; to lead forth, bring forward. From para and ago; to lead near, i.e. (reflexively or intransitively) to go along or away -- depart, pass (away, by, forth). —————————————————- ``` yield (v.) Old English gieldan (West Saxon), geldan (Anglian) "to pay, pay for; reward, render; worship, serve, sacrifice to" (class III strong verb; past tense geald, past participle golden), ``` from Proto-Germanic *geldan "pay" Old Saxon geldan "to be worth," Old Norse gjaldo "to repay, return," Middle Dutch ghelden, Dutch gelden "to cost, be worth, concern," Old High German geltan, German gelten "to be worth," Gothic fra-gildan "to repay, requite"). This is from PIE *gheldh- "to pay," a root found only in Balto-Slavic and Germanic (and Old Church Slavonic žledo, Lithuanian geliuoti might be Germanic loan-words). "[T]he only generally surviving senses on the Continent are 'to be worth; to be valid, to concern, apply to,' which are not represented at all in the English word" [OED]; sense development in English comes via use of this word to translate Latin reddere, French rendre. Sense of "give in return for labor or capital invested" is from early 14c. Intransitive sense of "give oneself up, submit, surrender (to a foe)" is from c. 1300. Related to Middle Low German and Middle Dutch gelt, Dutch geld, German Geld "money." Related: Yielded; yielding. yield (n.) Old English gield "payment, sum of money; service, offering, worship;" from the source of yield (v.). Extended sense of "production" (as of crops) is first attested mid-15c. Earliest English sense survives in financial "yield from investments."

Answer 532

I KNEW HIM. FAMILIARITY ξέρω (xéro, “to know”) ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person. ξέρω 'γω (xéro 'go, “I've no idea”) literal translation: "know I". Synonyms (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) ξερόλας • (xerólas) m (plural ξερόλες, feminine ξερόλα) (colloquial, derogatory) know-it-all, know-all, clever dick, smart ass, smarty pants (someone who pretends to know everything or has an opinion to offer on all subjects) Φυσικά, ο άνδρας της, ο «ξερόλας», μας είπε πώς να κάνουμε τη δουλειά σωστά. ― Fysiká, o ándras tis, o «xerólas», mas eípe pós na kánoume ti douleiá sostá. ― Of course, her husband, the 'know-it-all', told us how to do the job properly. ξέρω (xéro, “to know”) +‎ όλα (óla, “everything, all”) +‎ -ας (-as, “-er”). SUFFIX -ᾱς • (-ās) first aorist active participle ending ‎δειξ- (deix-, first aorist stem of δείκνῡμι (deíknūmi)) + ‎-ας (-as) → ‎δείξᾱς (deíxās) ‎λῡσ- (lūs-, first aorist stem of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)) + ‎-ας (-as) → ‎λῡ́σᾱς (lū́sās) ‎μειν- (mein-, first aorist stem of μένω (ménō)) + ‎-ας (-as) → ‎μείνᾱς (meínās)

Answer 533

I FEEL Verb νιώθω • (niótho) (past ένιωσα, passive —) feel νιώθω ντροπή ― niótho dropí ― I feel ashamed

Answer 534

CONCEIVE To hold together. To grasp, receive and hold. conceive (v.) late 13c., conceiven, "take (seed) into the womb, become pregnant," from stem of Old French conceveir (Modern French concevoir), from Latin concipere (past participle conceptus) "to take in and hold; become pregnant" (source also of Spanish concebir, Portuguese concebre, Italian concepere), from con-, here probably an intensive prefix (see con-), + combining form of capere "to take," from PIE root *kap- "to grasp." Meaning "take into the mind, form a correct notion of" is from mid-14c., that of "form as a general notion in the mind" is from late 14c., figurative senses also found in the Old French and Latin words. Related: Conceived; conceiving. *kap- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to grasp." It forms all or part of: accept; anticipate; anticipation; behave; behoof; behoove; cable; cacciatore; caitiff; capable; capacious; capacity; capias; capiche; capstan; caption; captious; captivate; captive; captor; capture; case (n.2) "receptacle;" catch; catchpoll; cater; chase (n.1) "a hunt;" chase (v.) "to run after, hunt;" chasse; chasseur; conceive; cop (v.) "to seize, catch;" copper (n.2) "policeman;" deceive; emancipate; except; forceps; gaffe; haft; have; hawk (n.); heave; heavy; heft; incapacity; inception; incipient; intercept; intussusception; manciple; municipal; occupy; participation; perceive; precept; prince; purchase; receive; recipe; recover; recuperate; sashay; susceptible. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kapati "two handfuls;" Greek kaptein "to swallow, gulp down," kope "oar, handle;" Latin capax "able to hold much, broad," capistrum "halter," capere "to grasp, lay hold; be large enough for; comprehend;" Lettish kampiu "seize;" Old Irish cacht "servant-girl," literally "captive;" Welsh caeth "captive, slave;" Gothic haban "have, hold;" Old English hæft "handle," habban "to have, hold." ——————————————————- ``` σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (sullambánō) I collect, gather; I rally I take with me, carry off I put together, close, enclose I combine in pronunciation I comprise I take hold of, seize I apprehend, arrest I comprehend I receive at the same time I conceive a child I take with (e.g. as an assistant) (with dative of person) I assist (middle, with genitive of object) I take part in ``` From σῠν- (sun-, “with”) +‎ λᾰμβᾰ́νω (lambánō, “I take”) —————————————————- ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize (of a god) I possess (of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand (logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of ``` I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure I check myself ————————————————- ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, happen to, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) (past κατέλαβα, passive καταλαμβάνομαι) seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly) Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning, this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (“to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —) understand, realise καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) (past κατέλαβα, passive καταλαμβάνομαι) seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly) κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― Boró na katanoó vasikés léxeis. ― I can understand basic words.

Answer 535

UNDERSTAND κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― Boró na katanoó vasikés léxeis. ― I can understand basic words. understand (third-person singular simple present understands, present participle understanding, simple past and past participle understood) (transitive) To grasp a concept fully and thoroughly, especially (of words, statements, art, etc.) to be aware of the meaning of and (of people) to be aware of the intent of. quotations ▼ I'm sorry. I don't understand. Please try to understand. It's not you, it's me. To believe, to think one grasps sufficiently despite potentially incomplete knowledge. quotations ▼ I understand that you have a package for me? In the imperative mood, the word “you” is usually understood. (humorous, rare, obsolete outside circus, acrobatics) To stand underneath, to support.

Answer 536

ACQUIRE SOVEREIGNTY καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) (past κατέλαβα, passive καταλαμβάνομαι) seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly)

Answer 537

GRASP - TO COMPREHEND - TO GET IT - REALIZE καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —) understand, realise grasp (third-person singular simple present grasps, present participle grasping, simple past and past participle grasped) To grip; to take hold, particularly with the hand. To understand. I have never been able to grasp the concept of infinity. To take advantage of something, to seize, to jump at a chance. realize (third-person singular simple present realizes, present participle realizing, simple past and past participle realized) (formal, transitive) To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into reality; to bring into real existence Synonyms: accomplish, actualize, materialize The objectives of the project were never fully realized. (transitive) To become aware of (a fact or situation, especially of something that has been true for a long time). He realized that he had left his umbrella on the train. The defendant desperately yelled at her young daughter, frantic to make her realize what she had done. (transitive) To cause to seem real; to sense vividly or strongly; to make one's own in thought or experience. (transitive, business) To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get to realize large profits from a speculation (transitive, business, finance) To convert any kind of property into money, especially property representing investments, such as shares, bonds, etc. Profits from the investment can be realized at any time by selling the shares. By realizing the company's assets, the liquidator was able to return most of the shareholders' investments. (transitive, business, obsolete) To convert into real property; to make real estate of. (transitive, linguistics) To turn an abstract linguistic object into actual language, especially said of a phoneme's conversion into speech sound. The southern /v/ is realized as the voiced approximant [ʋ].

Answer 538

REAL - REALITY - REALIZE - ACT - FACT περ • (per) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) Preposition Thessalian and Delphic form of περί (perí) περῐ́ • (perí) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) (+ genitive) about, concerning, because of (+ dative) around, for, about (+ accusative) around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about *per- before, in front first from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-. *preh₂- before, in front From *per- (“before”) परि • (pári) Adverb around, round; about against, towards from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”). from Old English “for” (“for, on account of, for the sake of, through, because of, owing to, from, by reason of, as to, in order to”) From Proto-Germanic *fōrō (“trip; wagon”). ``` for f (definite singular fora, indefinite plural forer, definite plural forene) travel footprints ``` Middle Irish Preposition for (with accusative or dative) on, over πρᾱ́σσω • (prā́ssō) (Koine) I do, practice From πρᾱ́σσω (“I do, practice”) +‎ -μᾰ (result noun suffix). ``` πρᾶγμᾰ • (prâgma) n (genitive πρᾱ́γμᾰτος); third declension deed, act, fact occurance, matter, affair thing, concrete reality thing, creature thing of consequence or importance (in the plural) circumstances, affairs (in the plural, in bad sense) trouble, annoyance ``` πραγματικός From πρᾶγμα (“a thing done, a fact”) +‎ -ικός (-adjective). -ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic -ic Used to form adjectives from nouns with the meaning “of or pertaining to”. from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos -icus (feminine -ica, neuter -icum); first/second-declension suffix belonging to derived from of or pertaining to; connected with; -ic, -ish -ish (of adjectives from common nouns) Typical of, similar to, being like.

Answer 539

WITT You’ve lost your wits. Keep your wits about you. OLD ENGLISH Bilewitt Old English bile- (“kind, suitable, appropriate”, prefix) bile- kind, appropriate ‎bile- + ‎witt (“mind, understanding, sense, sanity”) → ‎bilewit (“merciful, kind”) ‎bile- + ‎hwīt (“white”) → ‎bilehwīt (“pure, honest, sincere”) WITT witt n (nominative plural witt) mind, understanding, sense, sanity. From Proto-Germanic *witją, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). ``` witan to know, be aware of be sumum þinge witan to know about something to feel a certain emotion ``` From Proto-West Germanic *witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“see”). *weyd- (stative) to see * wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative) * widónts (“seeing”) Cognates: Ancient Greek: εἶδον ``` εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive (strengthened) to look at, observe to see a person, to meet, speak with them to see, experience, become acquainted with to look at or towards to see mentally, to perceive to examine, investigate ``` ``` εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) Medio-passive verb to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like ``` ``` οἶδᾰ • (oîda) Verb (transitive) to know, be acquainted with (transitive) to be skilled in (intransitive) to know how to Cognates: Sanskrit वेद (veda) Latin vīdī Proto-Germanic *witaną English wit ``` ———————————— Cognate with Latin videō vīdī first-person singular perfect active indicative of videō videō (present infinitive vidēre, perfect active vīdī, supine vīsum); second conjugation Verb I see, perceive; look (at) Videsne eum venire? ― Do you see him coming? Synonyms: spectō, speciō, vīsō I observe, note I understand, perceive, comprehend I look (at), consider, reflect (upon) I look out for, see to, care for, provide, make sure (passive) I am regarded, seem, appear (passive, used impersonally) It seems proper or right From Proto-Italic *widēō Verb *widēō see from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”). ———————————— SANSKRIT वेद • (véda) m Noun knowledge, true or sacred knowledge or lore, knowledge of ritual feeling, perception From the root विद् (vid), lemma वेत्ति (vetti, “to know, understand”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *weyd-. विद् • (vid) know, find अविद्या (ávidyā, “unlearnedness, ignorance, lack of knowledge”) वित्त • (vittá) Adjective found, acquired, gained, obtained, possessed known, understood वेद • (ved) m Root Noun (Hinduism) the Veda (the holy works of Hinduism) वेद • (veda) m finding, obtaining, acquisition ``` वृत्त • (vṛttá) Verb Turned, set in motion Round, rounded, circular Having continued, lasted for a certain time Completed, finished, absolved Past, elapsed, gone Exhausted Deceased, dead Studied, mastered Existing, effective, unimpaired Become Having acted or behaved towards (loc.) Fixed, firm Chosen ``` Derivative of of the root वृत् (vṛt, “to turn around, revolve, proceed”), from *wértti (“to be turning around”) वृत् • (vṛt) to turn, to rotate चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin, “whose wheels roll everywhere unobstructed; emperor, sovereign of the world”) वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll, be, exist”) वर्तन (vártana, “turn, turning, rotation, spindle, globe”) वर्तुल (vartula, “circle, ball, globe”) From Proto-Indo-European *wert- *wert- (imperfective) to turn, to rotate Germanic: *wurdiz (“fate”) Slavic: *vorta (“gate”) Germanic: *werþaz *werþaz worthy, valuable ``` worthy (comparative worthier, superlative worthiest) having worth, merit, or value honourable or admirable deserving, or having sufficient worth Suited; befitting. ``` From Middle English worthy, wurthi, from Old English *weorþiġ (“"worthy"”), equivalent to worth +‎ -y. from Old English weorþ weorþ (comparative weorþra, superlative weorþost) worth, deserving honoured, esteemed weorþ n (nominative plural weorþ) worth, price, value honour, dignity ``` weorþlēas worthless, of no worth or value -lēas without, free from, devoid of bereft of From lēas (“false, devoid of, free from, without”). ``` ``` value (countable and uncountable, plural values) The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable. ``` (uncountable) The degree of importance given to something That which is valued or highly esteemed, such as one's morals, morality, or belief system. The amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else. From Middle English valew, value, from Old French value , feminine past participle of valoir, from Latin valēre (“be strong, be worth”), from Proto-Indo-European *walh₂- (“to be strong”). Portagese valew (Internet slang) Expression of gratitude or satisfaction; thank you; thanks valeō (present infinitive valēre, perfect active valuī, supine valitum); second conjugation, no passive I am strong, I have strength, I have influence, I have power, I am powerful, I avail I am well, healthy, sound I am worth, I am of worth I am effectual, am efficacious, am of effect, am good for to be in force, in effect (said of laws) I mean, signify (used of words or statements that have a certain force or power in meaning) (Ecclesiastical Latin, Medieval Latin) I can; I prevail ``` valor m (genitive valōris); third declension (Late Latin) value, worth ``` Found in Late Latin, from valeō (“I am worth, I am strong”) +‎ -or. -or m (genitive -ōris); third declension used to form a third-declension masculine abstract noun From Middle English valour valour (usually uncountable, plural valours) (British spelling) Value; worth. Strength of mind in regard to danger; the quality which enables a person to encounter danger with firmness Synonyms: bravery, courage, prowess, intrepidity (dated) A brave man; a man of valour. From Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”). Proto-Indo-European/h₂welh₁- *h₂welh₁- to rule strong, powerful Celtic: *walatros (“ruler”) Middle Irish: follamnaigid (“to rule, govern”) Middle Irish: follamnacht (“government, ruling”) *walos m prince, chief From Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule”). Middle Irish: fal (“rule”) Middle Irish: fál (“king (?)”) ``` fal (first-person singular past tense fala, participle falur) I forgive I give (as a present) I pray, am respectful I salute, greet to set (of the sun) ``` Cognate to Ancient Greek σφάλλω (sphállō, “to overthrow”) Lithuanian pùlti (“to attack, rush”) German fallen (“to fall”). ``` σφᾰ́λλω • (sphállō) Verb (active) to topple, overthrow to kill to baffle (passive) to be foiled to fall, to be cast down (from a figurative or literal elevated place) to stagger, reel ``` From Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el-.[1] Compare Armenian սխալ (sxal, “mistake, error, fault”) and Sanskrit स्खलति (skhalati, “to stumble”). *welh₁- (imperfective) to choose to want Ancient Greek: ἔλπω (élpō) ``` ———————————- LATIN Latin: volup volup (not comparable) pleasantly, agreeably, satisfactorily with pleasure ``` voluptās f (genitive voluptātis); third declension pleasure, satisfaction, delight (term of endearment) joy, charmer From volup (“pleasurably”) +‎ -tās. SUFFIX - tās f (genitive -tātis); third declension - ty, -dom, -hood, -ness, -ship; Used to form feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being. From Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Attic Greek -της (-tēs), Doric Greek -τᾱς (-tās), and Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti). See also -tūs. ``` volō (present infinitive velle, perfect active voluī); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no imperative I wish Tibi bene ex animō volō. I wish you well with all my heart. Hanc rem pūblicam salvam esse volumus. We wish this republic to be safe. I want ``` I mean, I intend Et dixit ad socerum, "Quid est quod facere voluisti? And he said to his father-in-law: "What is it that thou didst mean to do?" (KJV Bible, Genesis 29:25) ————————————- GREEK ``` ἔλπω • (élpō) I wish I hope I want I intend I cause to hope (middle) I hope, expect I expect anxiously, fear I deem, suppose ``` From *ϝέλπω (*wélpō), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *welp-, from *welh₁-, with Latin voluptas as a cognate.

Answer 540

IMAGE - ICON εἴκω εἰκών εικόνα εἶδος είδωλο εἴκω • (eíkō) to yield, give way ``` εἰκών • (eikṓn) f (genitive εἰκόνος); third declension figure, image, likeness, portrait image in a mirror, reflection personal description similitude, semblance, phantom pattern, archetype ``` εικόνα • (eikóna) f (plural εικόνες) picture, image, painting, illustration, portrait (religion) icon, religious painting αγιογραφία f (agiografía, “religious painting”) εικόνισμα n (eikónisma, “religious icon”) εικονίδιο n (eikonídio, “computer icon”) ίνδαλμα n (índalma, “cultural icon”) Related terms[edit] απεικονίζω (apeikonízo, “to portray, to paint, to create an image”) απεικόνιση f (apeikónisi, “image, representation, portrait”) αναπαράσταση f (anaparástasi, “representation”) απείκασμα n (apeíkasma, “image, representation”) απεικόνιση n (apeikónisi, “portrayal, representation”) See also[edit] ομοίωμα n (omoíoma, “effigy”) είδωλο n (eídolo, “idol”) είδωλο • (eídolo) n (plural είδωλα) idol reflection ``` εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension phantom, ghost shape, figure, image image of the mind: idea, fancy representation, statue, idol From εἶδος (eîdos, “form”). ``` ``` εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ``` -ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id Originally *-ϝειδής (*-weidḗs), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, appearance”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). ``` Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *weyk- *weyk- to become equal - likeness Root *weyk- to separate, to choose *weyk- (perfective) to contain, to envelop to yield to overcome *weyk- to curve, bend to exchange ``` ——————————————————— Latin: vinciō (present infinitive vincīre, perfect active vīnxī, supine vīnctum); fourth conjugation I bind, tie up, fetter. I lace, fasten. I surround, guard. vīnctiō f (genitive vīnctiōnis); third declension The act of binding together; binding, ligature. vīnctūra f (genitive vīnctūrae); first declension A bandage, ligature, vincture. vinculum n (genitive vinculī); second declension Any instrument whereby anything is bound or tied up; bond, band, fetter, chain, cord, tie, link. From vinciō (“bind, fetter, tie”) +‎ -culum. -culum n (genitive -culī); second declension Suffix used to form some nouns derived from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments. ——————————————— Image (“representation, likeness, reflection) An image (from Latin: imago) is an artifact that depicts visual perception, such as a photograph or other two-dimensional picture, that resembles a subject—usually a physical object—and thus provides a depiction of it. imagō, imaginis (f) portrait, mask. lar, laris (m) a lar, domestic deity ... end; pl. boundaries, territory (infinitive, infinity, define, definite).

Answer 541

IMAGINE ``` φαίνω φᾰντός φᾰντᾰ́ζω φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ φαντάζομαι ``` From φᾰντός (phantós, “visible”) +‎ -ᾰ́ζω (-ázō), verbal adjective of φαίνω (phaínō, “I cause to appear, bring to light”). ``` φᾰντᾰ́ζω • (phantázō) to show; to make visible (in the mediopassive) to place before one's mind, to picture to oneself, to imagine (passive) to become visible, appear to be heard to be terrified by visions or phantasms ``` φαντάζω • (fantázo) (past φάνταξα, passive φαντάζομαι) (the passive, with different sense) (informal): give the impression. +accusative or + σαν (san, “like”) seems, look like Μπροστά σ' αυτό, όλα φαντάζουν ασήμαντα. Brostá s' aftó, óla fantázoun asímanta. Compared to that, everything seems trivial. I make a sensation as, stand out Όταν μπήκε στην αίθουσα, φάνταζε σαν σταρ του κινηματογράφου με τη χρυσή τουαλέτα της. Ótan bíke stin aíthousa, fántaze san star tou kinimatográfou me ti chrysí toualéta tis. When she entered the room, she looked like a movie star in her gold gown. (informal, intransitive) impressed by Μου φάνταξε το κόκκινο φουστάνι, και το αγόρασα. Mou fántaxe to kókkino foustáni, kai to agórasa. The red dress caught my eye, and I bought it (passive with different sense) see → φαντάζομαι (fantázomai, “imagine”) φαντάζομαι • (fantázomai) (past φαντάστηκα, active φαντάζω) (the active, with different sense) imagine Φαντάζομαι έναν κόσμο χωρίς πολέμους, χωρίς φτώχεια. Fantázomai énan kósmo chorís polémous, chorís ftócheia. Ι imagine a world without wars, without poverty. form an opinion, assume, expect Φαντάζομαι ότι θα πάρω αύξηση στο μισθό μου. Fantázomai óti tha páro áfxisi sto misthó mou. Ι assume that I will get a raise to my salary. Φαντάσου να μπει ξαφνικά στο δωμάτιο η γυναίκα σου! Fantásou na bei xafniká sto domátio i gynaíka sou! Suppose your wife entered the room all of a sudden! Τι φαντάστηκες; Ότι θα σε διορίσουν αμέσως; Ti fantástikes? Óti tha se diorísoun amésos? What did you think? That they would hire you right away? guess so Θα παραιτηθεί ο διευθυντής; Έτσι φαντάζομαι, με τέτοιο σκάνδαλο που ξέσπασε. Tha paraititheí o diefthyntís? Étsi fantázomai, me tétoio skándalo pou xéspase. Will the director resign? I guess so, with such a scandal beaking out. (active with different sense) see → φαντάζω (fantázo, “give the impression”) ``` φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (phantasíā) f (genitive φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension look, appearance, presentation, display showy appearance, pomp, pageantry perception, impression image ``` φαντασία • (fantasía) f (plural φαντασίες) imagination, fantasy (music, form) fantasia (when referring to specific title, it is written with capital Φ) φαίνω • (phaínō) (transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal (transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose (of sound) (transitive) Ι show forth, expound (transitive) I denounce (intransitive) I shine, give light (passive) I appear; I shine I come into being I come about (copulative or control verb) I appear (to be) (φαίνεται as interjection) yes; so it appears; apparently (late, impersonal) it seems φᾱνός • (phānós) m (feminine φᾱνή, neuter φᾱνόν); first/second declension bright, shining, resplendent φᾱνός • (phānós) m (genitive φᾱνου); second declension torch, lantern Persian: فانوس‎ (fânus) Lantern From Ancient Greek φανός (phanós, “lantern”). Hebrew: פָּנָס‎ (pānā́s) פָּנָס • (panás) m (plural indefinite פָּנָסִים‎, singular construct פָּנַס־, plural construct פָּנָסֵי־‎) a lantern (case of transparent material made to protect a flame or light) a lamp a flashlight a torch (by extension) a black eye (shiner) black eye (plural black eyes) An eye which has been bruised showing noticeable hematoma, especially after receiving a blow. Synonym: shiner (figurative) A defeat. (figurative) Damage to a reputation. (dated) An eye having a dark iris, regarded as a point of beauty. From Hebrew מְנוֹרָה‎ (m'norá). (lamp): מְנוֹרָה‎ (m'norá) מְנוֹרָה • (m'norá) f (plural indefinite מְנוֹרוֹת‎, singular construct מְנוֹרַת־‎, plural construct מְנוֹרוֹת־‎) A light, a lamp. ‏המנורה דולקת?‎‎ ― ham'norá dolekét? ― Is the light on? A menorah or other candelabrum. (usually in definite) A menorah as a symbol. Noun מנורה • (mnoyre) f, plural מנורות‎ (mnoyres) menorah, candelabrum Cognate with Aramaic מְנָרְתָא‎ (mənārəṯā) Noun מנרתא • (transliteration needed) f (plural מנרתא) candlestick lighthouse minaret minaret (plural minarets) The tall slender tower of an Islamic mosque, from which the muezzin recites the adhan (call to prayer). minaret m minaret (tall slender tower of an Islamic mosque) from Persian مناره‎ (menâre), from Arabic مَنَارَة‎ (manāra, “lighthouse”). ``` Arabic مَنَارَة‎ (manāra) Noun مَنَارَة • (manāra) f (plural مَنَارَات‎ (manārāt) or مَنَاوِر‎ (manāwir)) lighthouse beacon a thing which a lamp is put upon (Islam) minaret (Judaism) menorah ```

Answer 542

KNOW - BE FAMILIAR WITH? How was I supposed to know? πως έπρεπε να ξέρω; ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses Noun (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person. (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”)

Answer 543

DOES HE KNOW HOW? Do you know how? ξέρεις πως;

Answer 544

DOES HE KNOW HOW? Do you know how? ξέρεις πως;

Answer 545

LOOK ``` κοιτάω/κοιτώ • (koitáo/koitó) past κοίταξα passive κοιτιέμαι p‑past κοιτάχτηκα ppp κοιταγμένος Verb look at look after examine, look over ``` κοίτα • (koíta) Verb 2nd person singular perfective imperative form of κοιτάω (koitáo).: "Look!" ``` κοιτάζω • (koitázo) (past κοίταξα, passive κοιτάζομαι) look at examine, look over look after an elderly person mind, take care ``` From Mediaeval Byzantine Greek κοιτάζω (“watch, look; I go to bed”) from Ancient Greek κοιτάζω (“put to bed”) from κοίτη (koítē, “bed”). The second meaning (watch), from the habit of guards and nightwatchmen to have their bed near their post. ``` κοίτη • (koítē) f (genitive κοίτης); first declension bed, resting place Synonyms: εὐνή (eunḗ), κλίνη (klínē), κράββατος (krábbatos) (geography) riverbed lair of a wild beast pen, fold for cattle act of going to bed; bedtime lodging, entertainment ``` κοίτη • (koíti) f (plural κοίτες) river bed (archaic, very rare, law) bed (used only in legal expression:) χωρισμός από τραπέζης και κοίτης chorismós apó trapézis kai koítis lit.: "separation of table and bed". Legal separation. ——————————————— PUT ARGUMENT TO BED PUT THE CONTROVERSY TO REST From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie down”) the same root of κεῖμαι (keîmai, “to lie in a place”). ``` κεῖμαι • (keîmai) to lie, lie outstretched to lie asleep, repose, lie idle, lie still to lie sick or wounded, lie in misery to lie dead to lie neglected, uncared for, unburied (of wrestlers) to have a fall ``` (of places) to lie, be situated (of things) to lie in a place to be laid up, be in store (of goods, property, etc.) to be set up, proposed (of laws) to be laid down (of arguments) to be laid down (of names) to be given ``` (figuratively) to be in the power of to be in such a manner to be to settle down, deposit a sediment ``` (grammar, of words and phrases) to be found, to occur. ᾰ̓κοίτης (akoítēs, “a [male] bedfellow”, “a husband”) ᾰ̓- (a-, alpha copulativum) +‎ κοίτη (koítē, “[marriage] bed”) +‎ -ῐς (-is, “a woman pertaining to —”) —————————————- (idiomatic) be interested Κοιτάζει την τσέπη του. ― Koitázei tin tsépi tou. ― He is interested in his pocket [his money] ακοίταχτος • (akoítachtos) m (feminine ακοίταχτη, neuter ακοίταχτο) neglected, uncared for unchecked, neglected αλληλοκοιτάζομαι (allilokoitázomai, “to look at each other”) αλληλο- (allilo-, “reciprocal, mutual”) +‎ κοιτάζω (“to look at”) Derived terms Expressions κοιτάξτε (koitáxte, “may I explain”) (idiomatic, at beginning of sentences, drawing attention) With forms from κοιτάω (koitáo) κοίτα να δεις (koíta na deis, “literary: look and watch!”) (expresses surprise) κοίτα να (koíta na, “beware, be sure that”) κοίτα να μην (koíta na min, “make sure to not”) κοίταγμα n (“a look, a style, a fashion, looking good!”) καλοκοιτάζω (kalokoitázo, “look carefully; fancy”) κρυφοκοιτάζω (kryfokoitázo, “look without being noticed”) λοξοκοιτάζω (loxokoitázo, “sideglance”) ξανακοιτάζω (xanakoitázo, “look again”) ξενοκοιτάζω (xenokoitázo, “have roving eye”) στραβοκοιτάζω (stravokoitázo, “eye-roll to show contempt”) συχνοκοιτάζω (sychnokoitázo, “look often”) —————————————————- look (v.) Old English locian "use the eyes for seeing, gaze, look, behold, spy," from West Germanic *lokjan source also of Old Saxon lokon "see, look, spy," Middle Dutch loeken "to look," Old High German luogen, German dialectal lugen "to look out" Breton lagud "eye" has been suggested as a possible cognate. In Old English, usually with on; the use of at began 14c. As a word to call attention, c. 1200 (look out! "take notice" is from mid-15c.). Meaning "seek, search out" is c. 1300; meaning "to have a certain appearance, express or manifest by looks" is from c. 1400. Of objects, "to face in a certain direction," late 14c. To look like "have the appearance of" is from mid-15c. Look after "take care of" is from late 14c., earlier "to seek" (c. 1300), "to look toward" (c. 1200). Look into "investigate" is from 1580s. To look forward "anticipate" is c. 1600; especially "anticipate with pleasure" from mid-19c. To look over "scrutinize" is from mid-15c. Look up is from c. 1200 in literal sense "raise the eyes;" as "research in books or papers" from 1690s. To look up to "regard with respect and veneration" is from 1719. To look down upon in the figurative sense "regard as beneath one" is from 1711; to look down one's nose is from 1921. To not look back "make no pauses" is colloquial, first attested 1893. In look sharp (1711), sharp originally was an adverb, "sharply." To look around "search about, look round" is from 1883. ———————————————- PREFIX αλληλο- • (allilo-) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicate some form of reciprocity or mutuality; inter-: ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) → ‎αλληλογραφία (allilografía, “correspondence”) ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎εγγύηση (engýisi, “guarantee, surety”) → ‎αλληλεγγύη (allilengýi, “solidarity”) ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎εξαρτώμαι (exartómai, “to depend on”) → ‎αλληλεξάρτηση (allilexártisi, “interdependency”) ‎αλληλο- (allilo-) + ‎επιδρώ (epidró, “to affect”) → ‎αλληλεπίδραση (allilepídrasi, “interaction”) κοιτᾱ́ζω • (koitā́zō) put to bed, cause to rest (intransitive) have a lair (of a lion), a nest (of a bird) From κοίτη (koítē, “bed”) +‎ -άζω (-verb). -ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs. Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form. ‎ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “a throw”) + ‎-άζω (-ázō) → ‎ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “to throw around”)

Answer 546

EXAMINE εξετάζω • (exetázo) (past εξέτασα, passive εξετάζομαι) examine, investigate, question From ἐξ- (“from”) +‎ ἐτάζω (“examine, test”). ἐτάζω • (etázō) to examine, test Denominative of ἐτός (etós, “true”). έτος • (étos) n (plural έτη) year volume (issues of a periodical over a period of one year) from Proto-Indo-European *wétos. (“A Year”) From *wet- (“year”) +‎ *-os (result noun) *(ó)-os m Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or result of that verb. From Latin: vetus (genitive veteris, comparative vetustior or veterior, superlative vetustissimus or veterrimus); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem) old, aged, elderly, ancient long-standing former, previous From Proto-Italic *wetos from Proto-Indo-European *wétos (“year”). Cognates include Sanskrit वत्स (vatsá, “year; calf”) Ancient Greek ἔτος (year) Albanian vjet, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wiþrus, “one-year-old lamb”) Old Church Slavonic ветъхъ (vetŭxŭ, “old, aged, ancient”) Russian ве́тхий (vétxij, “old, aged”) Lithuanian vẽtušas Proto-Celtic *wetsi- Middle Irish feis Cornish guis, both “sow that has already given birth” < “from last year”). feis (plural feiseanna) (Ireland) An Irish festival, usually including folk music, dancing, and sports. (Ireland) An Irish gathering at which new laws were decreed, as well as folk music, dancing, and sports. ``` Coordinate terms διετία f (dietía, “biennium”) δεκαετία f (dekaetía, “decade”) αιώνας m (aiónas, “century”) χιλιετία f (chilietía, “millennium”) Derived terms[edit] ετήσιος m (etísios, “yearly”) έτος φωτός n (étos fotós, “light year”) ``` ``` ἔτος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: etos Phonetic Spelling: (et'-os) Definition: a year Usage: a year. ``` ἐξέτᾰσῐς • (exétasis) f (genitive ἐξετᾰ́σεως); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) cloese examination, scrutiny, test, inquiry military inspection or review arrangement, order From ἐξετᾰ́ζω (to examine, scrutinize, review”) +‎ -σῐς (result noun). -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process ανεξεταστέος (anexetastéos, “must resit an exam”, adjective) ανεξέταστος (anexétastos, “unexamined”, adjective) εξέταση f (exétasi, “examination”) εξεταστής m (exetastís, “examiner”) εξεταστικός (exetastikós, “examining”, adjective) εξετάστρια f (exetástria, “examiner”) ——————————————— examine (v.) c. 1300, "put (someone) to question in regard to knowledge, competence, or skill, inquire into qualifications or capabilities;" mid-14c "inspect or survey (something) carefully, scrutinize, view or observe in all aspects with the purpose of forming a correct opinion or judgment," from Old French examiner "interrogate, question, torture," from Latin examinare "to test or try; consider, ponder," literally "to weigh," from examen "a means of weighing or testing," probably ultimately from exigere "demand, require, enforce," literally "to drive or force out," also "to finish, measure," from ex "out" (see ex-) + agere "to set in motion, drive, drive forward; to do, perform" from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move" Legal sense of "question or hear (a witness in court)" is from early 15c. Related: Examined; examining. *ag- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to drive, draw out or forth, move." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek agein "to lead, guide, drive, carry off," agon "assembly, contest in the games," agogos "leader," axios "worth, worthy, weighing as much;" Sanskrit ajati "drives," ajirah "moving, active;" Latin actus "a doing; a driving, impulse, a setting in motion; a part in a play;" agere "to set in motion, drive, drive forward," hence "to do, perform," agilis "nimble, quick;" Old Norse aka "to drive;" Middle Irish ag "battle." agility (n.) early 15c., "nimbleness, quickness," from Old French agilité (14c.), from Latin agilitatem (nominative agilitas) "mobility, nimbleness, quickness," from agilis "nimble, quick," from agere "to set in motion; keep in movement" (from PIE root *ag- "to drive, draw out or forth, move"). Of mental swiftness from mid-15c.

Answer 547

UNDERSTAND καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —) understand, realise Synonyms κατανοώ (katanoó) ``` κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. Boró na katanoó vasikés léxeis. I can understand basic words. ``` λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι) get, receive take (figuratively) understand, get ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”) αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”) απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”) καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”) λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”) ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, happen to, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.) ``` καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) (past κατέλαβα, passive καταλαμβάνομαι) seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly) Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning, this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”). From κατα- (kata-, “against”) +‎ λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”) δεν καταλαβαίνω • (den katalavaíno) I don't understand. ——————————————————- understand (v.) Old English understandan "comprehend, grasp the idea of," probably literally "stand in the midst of," from under + standan "to stand" (see stand (v.)). If this is the meaning, the under is not the usual word meaning "beneath," but from Old English under, from PIE *nter- "between, among" (source also of Sanskrit antar "among, between," Latin inter "between, among," Greek entera "intestines;" see inter-). Related: Understood; understanding. That is the suggestion in Barnhart, but other sources regard the "among, between, before, in the presence of" sense of Old English prefix and preposition under as other meanings of the same word. "Among" seems to be the sense in many Old English compounds that resemble understand, such a... underniman "to receive," undersecan "examine, investigate, scrutinize" (literally "underseek") underðencan "consider, change one's mind," underginnan "to begin." It also seems to be the sense still in expressions such as under such circumstances. Perhaps the ultimate sense is "be close to;" compare Greek epistamai "I know how, I know," literally "I stand upon." Similar formations are found in Old Frisian (understonda), Middle Danish (understande), while other Germanic languages use compounds meaning "stand before" (German verstehen, represented in Old English by forstanden "understand," also "oppose, withstand"). For this concept, most Indo-European languages use figurative extensions of compounds that literally mean "put together," or "separate," or "take, grasp" (see comprehend). Old English oferstandan, Middle English overstonden, literally "over-stand" seem to have been used only in literal senses. For "to stand under" in a physical sense, Old English had undergestandan.

Answer 548

CURIOUS — CURIOSITY περίεργος • (períergos) m (feminine περίεργη, neuter περίεργο) Adjective curious (eager to learn; inquisitive) strange, peculiar, curious περιέργεια • (periérgeia) f (uncountable) Noun curiosity, inquisitiveness Η περιέργεια σκότωσε τη γάτα. Curiosity killed the cat. (English proverb) ``` περιεργάζομαι (periergázomai) περίεργος (períergos) περίεργο (períergo) περίεργα (períerga) περιέργως (periérgos) ``` ————————————- έργο • (érgo) n (plural έργα) ``` work, project film, stage play, etc scientific research project art work, painting, etc building project, etc (physics) work (measured in joules) (chemistry, physics) thermodynamic work ``` From Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon) ἔργον • (érgon) n (genitive ἔργου); second declension Noun deed, doing, action labour, work, task from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom From *werǵ- +‎ *-om. Noun *wérǵom n work Proto-Indo-European Root *werǵ- Ancient Greek: ἔρδω (érdō, “I do”) Ancient Greek: ῥέζω (rhézō, “I do”) Mycenaean Greek: -𐀺𐀒 (-wo-ko /-worgos/) to make ``` ἐνέργειᾰ • (enérgeia) f (genitive ἐνεργείᾱς); first declension Noun activity, operation, vigour workmanship supernatural action, cosmic force (grammar) the active voice the active principle in Aristotelian ontology (Latin actus) actuality (Aristotelian philosophy) ``` From ἐνεργής (work) +‎ -ιᾰ (-abstract noun). ———————————————— ὀργή • (orgḗ) f (genitive ὀργῆς); first declension Noun temper, temperament, disposition, nature, heart passion, anger, wrath From Proto-Indo-European *worǵéh₂ from the root *werǵ-; equivalent to ἔρδω (i do) +‎ -η (-action noun). Compare Proto-Celtic *wergā (“anger”) ἔρδω • (érdō) (poetic) Verb (intransitive) to act (as opposed to speaking or being acted on) (transitive) to do, perform to perform sacrifices (transitive) to do something to someone (with two accusatives) from the root *werǵ-, the same root as ῥέζω (rhézō) and ἔργον (érgon). From *werǵ- +‎ *-om (action noun, result noun) *(é)-os n Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs. ῥέζω • (rhézō) (poetic) Verb (transitive) to do, make to perform sacrifices to do something to someone (with two accusatives) (intransitive) to act (as opposed to speaking or being acted on) a metathesis of *werǵ-, the root of ἔργον (érgon) and ἔρδω (érdō). Synonyms[edit] (act): δράω (dráō) Antonyms[edit] (act): πάσχω (páskhō) δρᾰ́ω • (dráō) I act, I take action, I achieve. from Proto-Indo-European *dréwh₂-eti (“to run, act”). δρᾶμᾰ • (drâma) n (genitive δρᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension a deed, act one of the three types of ancient Greek poetry (the other two are epic and lyric poetry) a play, an action represented on the stage (a tragedy, a comedy or a satire play) δραματικός • (dramatikós) m (feminine δραματική, neuter δραματικό) Adjective dramatic, tragic, exciting, melodramatic δρᾱμᾰτουργῐ́ᾱ • (drāmatourgíā) f (genitive δρᾱμᾰτουργῐ́ᾱς); first declension dramatic composition pretence, fiction plot, conspiracy δραματουργός • (dramatourgós) m or f (plural δραματουργοί) dramatist, playwright (rare): dramaturge ``` δρᾶσῐς • (drâsis) f (genitive δρᾱ́σεως); third declension Noun strength, efficacy sacrifice (grammar) active force of a verb ``` From δρᾰ́ω (dráō, “I do”) +‎ -σῐς (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). ``` δρᾱστῐκός • (drāstikós) m (feminine δρᾱστῐκή, neuter δρᾱστῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective efficient active (medicine) drastic ``` From δρᾶσῐς (drâsis, “strength, efficacy”), from δράω (dráō, “I do”). πᾰ́σχω • (páskhō) Verb to undergo, experience (as opposed to acting) (with another person involved) have someone do something to oneself, to be treated a certain way by someone (with ὑπό (hupó) and genitive, sometimes with adverb of manner) (in a negative sense) suffer at someone's hands (law) to suffer a punishment (without a person involved) to experience something, have something happen to one, undergo something to be in a certain situation (with adverb of manner) to feel an emotion or impulse (in negative sense) suffer to be ill or injured in a certain way (with accusative of part affected) Synonyms (to be in a certain situation): ἔχω (ékhō) Antonyms (undergo): δράω (dráō), ῥέζω (rhézō) ————————————————————— ἔχω • (ékhō) I have, possess, contain, own quotations ▼ I keep, have charge of quotations ▼ (with accusative of place) I inhabit quotations ▼ (of place) I keep (to the left/right) of quotations ▼ I possess mentally, understand quotations ▼ I involve, admit of quotations ▼ I hold quotations ▼ I hold fast, grip quotations ▼ (of arms and clothes) I bear, wear quotations ▼ (of a woman) I am pregnant quotations ▼ I hold a course, guide, drive, steer quotations ▼ I hold back, stay, check quotations ▼ (with infinitive) I have means to do, I am able quotations ▼ I have to, must quotations ▼ (followed by a dependent clause) I know quotations ▼ (impersonal) there is (intransitive) I hold myself, keep balanced quotations ▼ I hold fast quotations ▼ (with genitive) I keep from quotations ▼ I am quotations ▼ (with adverbs of manner) I am, I happen quotations ▼ (with εὖ and genitive of manner) I am well off for something; I abound in it quotations ▼ (post-Homeric, with aorist participle) I keep (doing something) quotations ▼ (middle) I hold myself fast, cling closely to quotations ▼ I come next to, follow closely, neighbour quotations ▼ I depend quotations ▼ I am connected with by etymology quotations ▼ I pertain to quotations ▼ I bear or hold for myself quotations ▼ I maintain myself, stand my ground quotations ▼ (with accusative) I repel from myself quotations ▼ I keep myself back, abstain from, refrain from quotations ▼ from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-. ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *seǵʰ- to hold to overpower ``` Mycenaean Greek Verb 𐀁𐀐 (e-ke /ekʰei/) to have

Answer 549

CLARIFY — CLARIFICATION — DISAMBIGUATION σαφῶς • (saphôs) Adverb clearly, distinctly σαφής (saphḗs) +‎ -ως (-creates adverbs) clear, plain, distinct, manifest σᾰφής • (saphḗs) m or f (neuter σᾰφές); third declension (Doric, Ionic, Attic, Koine) Noun (of something seen with the eyes, or of something understood with the mind) clear, distinct (of a person) speaking clearly, reliable σαφηνίζω Verb I clarify αποσαφήνιση • (aposafínisi) f (plural αποσαφηνίσεις) Noun clarification, disambiguation, removal of ambiguity.

Answer 550

ELUCIDATE διευκρινίζω • (diefkrinízo) (past διευκρίνισα, passive διευκρινίζομαι) Verb clarify, purify διευκρινίζω Verb clarify ( passive voice : clarify ) explain something in more detail or give more information about it διευκρίνιση f (diefkrínisi, “clarification, purification”) and see: κρίνω (kríno, “judge”) See also αποσαφηνίζω (aposafinízo, “to disambiguate, to clarify”) ——————————————— κρίνω • (kríno) (imperfect έκρινα, past έκρινα, passive κρίνομαι) passive past: κρίθηκα Verb judge, assess, decide ``` κρίση • (krísi) f (plural κρίσεις) Noun (law) judgment, opinion, verdict judgement, discretion crisis ``` κρῐ́σῐς • (krísis) f (genitive κρῐ́σεως); third declension Noun decision, determination, judgment trial, sentence, accusation quarrel, dispute turning point or decisive point of disease progression ———————————————- HYPOCRISY ῠ̔πόκρῐσῐς • (hupókrisis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐ́σεως); third declension NOUNN reply, answer the part of an actor or orator: delivery, delivery, elocution, act outward show, hypocrisy, pretense From ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νομαι (hupokrī́nomai, “I answer”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νομαι • (hupokrī́nomai) to answer to interpret (Attic) to dialogue, to answer on the stage; to play a part, be an actor Mediopassive of ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νω (hupokrī́nō), from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I pronounce”). ῠ̔ποκρῐτής • (hupokritḗs) m (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ); first declension one who answers: interpreter, expounder (Attic) stage actor (figuratively) pretender, dissembler, hypocrite From ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai, “to play a part on stage”) +‎ -τής (-agent). ``` ἀποκρῑ́νω • (apokrī́nō) Verb to separate, set apart to distinguish to choose to reject on inquiry (in middle voice) to answer, give answer, reply to answer charges, defend oneself to meet events, circumstances (passive) to be given as an answer (+ dative of agent) ``` From ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”) + κρίνω (krínō, “to separate, distinguish, judge”). κρίσιμος (krísimos, “critical, at a turning point”) κρίσιμος • (krísimos) m (feminine κρίσιμη, neuter κρίσιμο) Doctrine Noun critical, crucial κρίμα • (kríma) n Noun Indicates a wrong or unjustified action or a misfortune:a misdeed. κρίμα • (kríma) Adverb Indicates pity or shame το κρίμα στο λαιμό σου to kríma sto laimó sou “on your conscience, you are responsible for the misfortune”) ———————————————- ανακρίνω (anakríno, “interrogate”) ανταποκρίνομαι (antapokrínomai, “respond, meet expectation”) αντικρίνω (antikríno, “anser”) απεκκρίνω (apekkríno, “excrete”) αποκρίνομαι (apokrínomai, “respond”) αυτοκρίνομαι (aftokrínomai, “examine one's self”) διακρίνω (diakríno, “discent”) διευκρινίζω (diefkrinízo, “clarify”) εγκρίνω (egkríno, “aprove”) εκκρίνω (ekkríno, “secrete”) επανακρίνω (epanakríno, “judge again”) επικρίνω (epikríno, “criticise”) κατακρίνω (katakríno, “reproach”) κριματίζω (krimatízo, “make someone sin”) κριτικάρω (kritikáro, “criticise”) λογοκρίνω (logokríno, “censor”) προανακρίνω (proanakríno, “make preliminary interrogation”) προκρίνω (prokríno, “mark out, choose as better”) συγκεκριμενοποιώ (sygkekrimenopoió, “make precise”) συγκρίνω (sygkríno, “compare”) υπερεκκρίνω (yperekkríno, “hypersecrete”) υποκρίνομαι (ypokrínomai, “pretend”) Other related words αιματοκρίτης m (aimatokrítis, “haemotocrit”) ακρισία f (akrisía, “lack of judgement”) ακριτομυθία f (akritomythía, “indiscretion”) θεοκρισία f (theokrisía, “god's judgement”) κρίμα n (kríma, “pity; misdeed”) κρίση f (krísi, “judgjement; crisis”)

Answer 551

TO BE IMAGINING ``` φαίνεσθαι • (phaínesthai) Verb present mediopassive infinitive of φαίνω (phaínō) To be imagining “to be” = infinitive “-ing” = participle -εσθαι = medio-passive — I am imagining ``` From Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰ́ζω (“make visible”). Passive voice, from the ancient middle voice φᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (“imagine”). φανταστικά (fantastiká, “fantastically”) φανταστικός αριθμός m (fantastikós arithmós, “imaginary number”) φαντασία • (fantasía) f (plural φαντασίες) imagination, fantasy (music, form) fantasia (when referring to specific title, it is written with capital Φ) ——————————————— Related terms ονειροφαντασιά f (oneirofantasiá, “a dream's fantasy”) (poetic) υπνοφαντασιά f (ypnofantasiá, “a sleep's fantasy”) φαντασιοκόπημα n (fantasiokópima, “fantasising”) φαντασιοκοπία f (fantasiokopía, “fantasising”) φαντασιοκόπος (fantasiokópos, “fantasiser”) φαντασιοκοπώ (fantasiokopó, “fantasise”) φαντασιόπληκτος (fantasiópliktos, “fantasiser”) φαντασιοπληξία f (fantasioplixía, “fantasising”) φαντασιώνω (fantasióno, “fantasise”) φαντασίωση f (fantasíosi, “fantasising”) and see at φαντάζω (fantázo) ——————————————— ``` φαντασίωση • (fantasíosi) f (plural φαντασιώσεις) Noun imagination daydream make-believe whim-wham ``` ——————————————— Antonyms πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “real”) ——————————————— φαίνομαι • (phaínomai) Verb first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of φαίνω (phaínō) φαίνομαι • (faínomai) deponent (past φάνηκα) Verb — middle passive seem, appear Ο Γιώργος φαίνεται άρρωστος σήμερα. ― O Giórgos faínetai árrostos símera. ― George seems ill today. αυτά μου φαίνονται κινέζικα ― aftá mou faínontai kinézika ― it's all Greek to me (literally, “this seems Chinese to me”) appear Το πλοίο φαίνεται στον ορίζοντα. ― To ploío faínetai ston orízonta. ― The ship is appearing on the horizon. ————————————————— φανερός • (fanerós) m (feminine φανερή, neuter φανερό) overt ``` Antonyms κρυφός (kryfós, “hidden, secret”) μυστικός (mystikós, “secret”) Related terms αναφαίνομαι (anafaínomai, “to appear, to look again”) αναφανδόν (anafandón, “overtly”, adverb) φαίνομαι (faínomai, “to appear, to seem”) φανερά (fanerá, “overtly”, adverb) ``` ———————————————- φᾰνερός • (phanerós) m (feminine φᾰνερᾱ́, neuter φᾰνερόν); first/second declension visible, manifest, evident, apparent (of property) real (of votes) open (adverbial) openly, manifestly (joined with prepositions in adverbial sense) (of gods, people) known, acknowledged, conspicuous open, frank ———————————————- φᾰνερόω • (phaneróō) to make manifest to make known or famous (passive) to become so From φᾰνερός (phanerós, “visible”) +‎ -όω (causative, factitive ) -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: (“to make someone do or be something”) ———————————————— φᾰνερός • (phanerós) m (feminine φᾰνερᾱ́, neuter φᾰνερόν); first/second declension visible, manifest, evident, apparent (of property) real (of votes) open (adverbial) openly, manifestly (joined with prepositions in adverbial sense) (of gods, people) known, acknowledged, conspicuous open, frank ————————————————- φᾱνός • (phānós) m (genitive φᾱνου); second declension torch, lantern from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). ``` φάος • (pháos) n (genitive φᾰ́εος); third declension light, especially daylight the light of a torch, fire, a light of the light or time of day (poetic) the life of men a day the light of the eyes a window (figuratively or poetic) delight, deliverance, happiness, victory, glory, etc. the dark ring around the nipple, areola ``` φᾰεινός • (phaeinós) m (feminine φᾰεινή, neuter φᾰεινόν); first/second declension Epic form of φᾱνός (phānós, “bright, shining, resplendent”) Sanskrit भास् (bhās, “light, brilliance”) भास (bhāsa, “luster, light”) भास (bhāsa, “luster, light”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”) Proto-Indo-European Root *bʰeh₂- (imperfective) to shine, glow light φᾰέθω • (phaéthō) I shine, I am radiant Participle φᾰέθων • (phaéthōn) m (feminine φᾰέθουσᾰ, neuter φᾰ́εθον); first/third declension shining, radiant Cognates include Latin iubar (“radiance, light”) Old English basu (“purple”) basu purple; scarlet; crimson —————————————— φάσμα • (phásma) n (genitive φάσματος); third declension Apparition, phantom. φάσμα ἀνθρώπου ― phásma anthrṓpou ― spectral appearance of a man Appearance, phenomenon. (shows, mysteries) Images or types of realities. Sign from heaven, portent, omen. Monster, prodigy. φάσμα ταύρου ― phásma taúrou ― a monster of a bull From φαίνω (phaínō, “to bring to light, to cause to appear”) +‎ -μα (-ma, nominal suffix) ————————————————- ``` φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ • (phántasma) n (genitive φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension phantom, apparition, ghost vision, dream (in the plural) phenomena fantasy ``` From φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “make visible”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). φάντασμα • (fántasma) n (plural φαντάσματα) ghost, fantasy, phantom, spectre (UK), specter (US) Synonyms στοιχειό n (stoicheió) πνεύμα n (pnévma) Related terms φαντασία f (fantasía, “imagination”) ————————————————— Verb φαντάζω • (fantázo) (past φάνταξα, passive φαντάζομαι) (the passive, with different sense) (informal): give the impression. +accusative or + σαν (san, “like”) seems, look like Μπροστά σ' αυτό, όλα φαντάζουν ασήμαντα. Brostá s' aftó, óla fantázoun asímanta. Compared to that, everything seems trivial. I make a sensation as, stand out Όταν μπήκε στην αίθουσα, φάνταζε σαν σταρ του κινηματογράφου με τη χρυσή τουαλέτα της. Ótan bíke stin aíthousa, fántaze san star tou kinimatográfou me ti chrysí toualéta tis. When she entered the room, she looked like a movie star in her gold gown. (informal, intransitive) impressed by Μου φάνταξε το κόκκινο φουστάνι, και το αγόρασα. Mou fántaxe to kókkino foustáni, kai to agórasa. The red dress caught my eye, and I bought it (passive with different sense) see → φαντάζομαι (fantázomai, “imagine”) —————————————— φάντης n (fántis, “(card games): jack”) —————————————— Compounds: ἐκφᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (ekphantázomai, “form in imagination”) κᾰτᾰφᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (kataphantázomai, “to be like someone”) προφᾰντᾰσῐόομαι (prophantasióomai, “to be already enabled to conceive”) συμπερῐφᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (sumperiphantázomai, “form conceptions of also”) ——————————————- ``` φανταστικός • (fantastikós) m (feminine φανταστική, neuter φανταστικό) imaginary, fantastic fictional, fictionary unreal (mathematics) imaginary, not real ``` ——————————————- φᾰντᾰ́ζω • (phantázō) ``` to show; to make visible (in the mediopassive) to place before one's mind, to picture to oneself, to imagine (passive) to become visible, appear to be heard to be terrified by visions or phantasms ``` From φᾰντός (“visible”) +‎ -ᾰ́ζω (verb) verbal adjective of φαίνω (phaínō, “I cause to appear, bring to light”).

Answer 552

GREED — AVARICE ἄπληστος • (áplēstos) m or f (neuter ἄπληστον); second declension insatiable, greedy Synonym: ἀκόρεστος (akórestos) limitless, interminable From ἀ- (not) +‎ πίμπλημι (“to fill full, satisfy, satiate”) +‎ -τος (Creates verbal adjectives.). ᾰ̓πληστῐ́ᾱ • (aplēstíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πληστῐ́ᾱς); first declension insatiate desire, greediness (of something: [+genitive]) From ἄπληστος (áplēstos, “insatiable, greedy”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix), ultimately from πίμπλημι (pímplēmi, “to fill”). αδηφαγία f (adifagía, “gluttony, greed”) πλεονεξία f (pleonexía, “greed, avarice”) λαιμαργία f (laimargía, “gluttony, greed”) ——————————————————— πλήθω • (plḗthō) I am or become full, I swell (transitive, only in later poets) I go through a period of time (from the filling of the moon) ``` From Proto-Indo-European *pleh Proto-Indo-European Root *pleh₁- (perfective) to fill ``` ``` πῐ́μπλημῐ • (pímplēmi) I fill [+genitive or dative = with something] I fill full, satisfy, glut I fill an office (middle) I fill (for) myself (passive) I am full of I am satisfied, I have enough (of women) I become pregnant ``` ————————————————- Greed (or avarice) is an uncontrolled longing for increase in the acquisition or use: of material gain (be it food, money, land, or animate/inanimate possessions); or social value, such as status, or power. Greed has been identified as undesirable throughout known human history because it creates behavior-conflict between personal and social goals. Unique versus Collective Goals in conflict. ————————————————- ``` φιλαργυρία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: philarguria Phonetic Spelling: (fil-ar-goo-ree'-ah) Definition: love of money, avarice Usage: love of money, avarice, covetousness. ``` From philarguros; avarice -- love of money. 5366 philárgyros (from 5384 /phílos, "lover" and 696 /árgyros, "of silver") – properly, a lover of money (literally, silver) – i.e. someone (literally) "in love with personal gain (having money)." φίλος, η, ον Part of Speech: Adjective; Indeclinable Numeral (Adjective) Transliteration: philos Phonetic Spelling: (fee'-los) Definition: beloved, dear, friendly Usage: friendly; subst: a friend, an associate. ``` ἄργυρος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: arguros Phonetic Spelling: (ar'-goo-ros) Definition: silver Usage: silver as a metal. ``` árgyros – properly, silver (i.e. money); what has real value for purchasing power. ————————————————- LATIN Latin: pleō pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation to fill, to fulfill plēnus (feminine plēna, neuter plēnum, comparative plēnior, superlative plēnissimus, adverb plēnē); first/second-declension adjective full, filled, complete (with genitive, or ablative in later Latin) full (of), plump (poetic) satisfied plēnārius (feminine plēnāria, neuter plēnārium); first/second-declension adjective full, plenary; entire absolute plenary (comparative more plenary, superlative most plenary) Fully attended; for everyone's attendance. (theology or law) Complete; full; entire; absolute.

Answer 553

DEFINITIONS (grammatical definition) BOUNDARY LIMIT (ὅροι; hóroi). Boundary stones marking the boundaries (also called horoi) of political territories, temple districts and properties, public places and private land throughout the entire Greek world. They bore only the inscription hóros, sometimes with more precise additions, and were under the protection of Zeus Horios. Following inter-state arbitration in border disputes [4] and revision of leased temple land [8], commissions of ὁρισταί (horistaí) often appeared to set the horoi in the site. (ὅροι; hóroi). Boundary stones marking the ... As the Greek poleis did not have a land register. ——————————————————- A definition aims to describe or delineate the meaning of a term (a word or phrase), giving a statement of the basic properties or distinct characteristics of the concept, entity, or type of entity described by that term. This proposal must be governed by precision, clarity, completeness and brevity. A good practice for writing a definition is not to include the word itself, nor its compounds and derivatives . The scientific definition must meet the criteria of generalization , ie it must cover all aspects of the content concept, as well as the distinction of this concept from any other. —————————————————— ορίζω Set, define, fix, detail, designate, determine —————————————————— ``` ὅριον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: horion Phonetic Spelling: (hor'-ee-on) Definition: a boundary Usage: the boundaries of a place, hence: districts, territory. ``` —————————————————— ορίζοντας • (orízontas) m horizon ορίζοντας • (orízontas) (indeclinable) Present participle of ορίζω (orízo): defining From Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn) (ὁρίζων κύκλος, demarcating cycle) ὁρῐ́ζων • (horízōn) m (genitive ὁρῐ́ζοντος); third declension horizon Substantive noun made from "ὁρίζων κύκλος" (i.e. "separating circle"), from the present active participle of ὁρίζω (horízō, “I mark out a boundary”) and κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, sphere”). —————————————————— αόριστος grammar Aorist = indefinite, preterite past tense. ``` αόριστος • (aóristos) m (feminine αόριστη, neuter αόριστο) Adjective vague (grammar) indefinite (grammar) preterite ``` preterite (plural preterites) (grammar) The preterite tense, simple past tense: the grammatical tense that determines the specific initiation or termination of an action in the past. preterite (not comparable) (grammar, of a tense) showing an action at a determined moment in the past. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. From Middle English preterit, from Old French preterit (13th century), from Latin praeteritum (as in tempus praeteritum (“time past”)) the past participle of praetereō (“I go by, go past”) itself from praeter (“beyond, before, above, more than”) (comparative of prae (“before”)) + itum (the past participle of eō (“I go”)). itum (indeclinable) perfect passive participle of eō Latin: eō eō (present infinitive īre, perfect active iī or īvī, supine itum); irregular conjugation, irregular (intransitive) (to move oneself): I go, I move (myself) (any kind of animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, fly, etc.) Synonyms: baetō, bētō, cēdō, gradior, vādō Rōmānī īte domum! Romans, go home! Rōmānī iērunt domum. The Romans have gone home. (to move forward in space or time): I advance, I proceed, I progress; I go forth, I move forward, I move onward Synonyms: prōcēdō, prōdeō, prōgredior (to continue to move oneself as before): I proceed; I carry on, I go on, I keep going, I move along, I move on (to occur resultantly): I happen as a consequence: I result, I follow (with the supine): I make-ready for an action: I prepare, I set about quotations ▼ (in periphrastic constructions), (suggesting intent with futurity): I aim, I intend, I mean quotations ▼ (law) I go over to the opposing opinion or other side in voting: I accede, I cross over quotations ▼ (business) I go for; I am sold at (a certain price) (confer vēneō) —————————————————— Aristotle trying to create a rule for the creation of a definition resulted in a model that is followed up simera.Pistefe that the first to be found near genus nearest yperonymo- set of concepts to which the definitive legal part. Then it is necessary to find the noticeable difference, the element that differentiates the definite meaning from the set of concepts found in the next genus. A typical example of his method is the definition of virtue in his Ethical Battles (HN, B6,14-16). Depending on how each word is defined, a definition can be either analytical or synthetic. The analytical definition approaches the concept, listing all its features. In other words, it moves from the specific to the general. Example. A triangle is a shape that has exactly three angles. The synthetic definition describes a process of formation of the concept from its individual characteristics. In other words, it moves from the general to the specific. Example . Any shape that has exactly three angles is called a triangle . —————————————— The boundary markers, or horoi, which indicated some sort of obligation. The act of pulling up the horoi was a sign that he had “freed the black earth.” Quintus Mucius Scaevola …wrote a small handbook called Horoi (“Definitions”), consisting of short rules of law and explanations of legal terms; it was to be the oldest work excerpted in the Byzantine emperor Justinian I’s Digest. He was killed in the massacres directed by Lucius Cornelius Sulla in his struggle against Gaius Marius… The recorded history of reform begins with the Greeks and Romans of the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE, respectively. Land in ancient Athens was held in perpetuity by the tribe or clan, with individual holdings periodically reallocated according to family size and soil fertility. Population increase, expansion of trade, growth of a money economy, and the opening up of business opportunities eventually made financial transactions in land an economic necessity. Land itself continued to be inalienable, but the right to use the land could be mortgaged. Thus, peasants could secure loans by surrendering their rights to the product of the land, as “sale with the option of redemption.” Lacking other employment, the debtor continued to cultivate the land as hektēmor, or sixth partner, delivering five-sixths of the product to the creditor and retaining the rest for himself. Mortgaged land was marked by horoi, or mortgage stones, which served as symbols of land enserfment. When Solon was elected archon, or chief magistrate, c. 594 BCE, his main objective was to free the land and destroy the horoi. His reform law, known as the seisachtheia, or “shaking-off the burdens,” cancelled all debts, freed the hektēmoroi, destroyed the horoi, and restored land to its constitutional holders. Solon also prohibited the mortgaging of land or of personal freedom on account of debt. The impact of the reform was extensive but of short duration. The hektēmoroi were freed, but since no alternative sources of support or credit were provided and creditors were uncompensated, dissatisfaction and instability persisted. Two decades of anarchy were followed by a revolution, c. 561 BCE, that brought Peisistratus to power. He enforced the reform and distributed lands of his adversaries (who were killed or exiled) among the small holders. He also extended loans to aid cultivation and prevent migration to the city and expanded silver mining to create employment. Although the amount of land redistributed is unknown, Peisistratus was apparently able to satisfy the peasantry, secure their loyalty, and stay in power for life, but the economic effects are too vague to evaluate. The Roman reform by Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus came between 133 and 121 BCE. The land reform law, or lex agraria, of Tiberius was passed by popular support against serious resistance by the nobility. It applied only to former public land, ager publicus, which had been usurped and concentrated in the hands of large landholders. Land concentration reduced the number of owners and hence the number of citizens and those eligible to serve in the army. In addition, such concentration was accompanied by a shift from cultivation to grazing, which reduced employment and increased the poverty of the peasants, producing a crisis. The motives of the reformers continue to be debated, but it would appear that concern for the poor and political stability were major factors. The lex agraria specified minimum and maximum individual landholdings, with an allowance for male children of the family. Excess land would be expropriated and compensation paid for improvements. A standing collegium, or commission, was to enforce the law, but implementation was delayed because Tiberius was killed in the year of its passage. When Gaius was elected tribune about a decade later, he revived the reform and went even further. He colonized new land and abolished rent on small holdings since rent on large holdings had been suspended as compensation for expropriation. Gaius was killed in 121 BCE, however, and within a decade the reform was reversed: private acquisition of public land was legalized, the land commission was dissolved, rent on public land was abolished, all holdings were declared private property, and squatting on public land was prohibited. Even colonization was ended, and colonies established by Gaius were broken up. Another period of land concentration was inaugurated.

Answer 554

SAME - COPY - SIMILITUDE - TWIN - BROTHER - HOMO ἅμα - ham'-ah (Sanskritsa सम - sama) English - same ``` ἅμα Part of Speech: Adverb Transliteration: hama Phonetic Spelling: (ham'-ah) Definition: at once Usage: at the same time, therewith, along with, together with. ``` also, and, together, with. A primary particle; properly, at the "same" time, but freely used as a preposition or adverb denoting close association -- also, and, together, with(-al). ———————————- ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension same, common, joint ``` From Proto-Indo-European *somHós *somHós (non-ablauting) same, alike Antonym: *h₂élyos Proto-Indo-European Alternative reconstructions *ályos Etymology From *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Determiner *h₂élyos other, another Root *h₂el- (“beyond, other”) Etymology 2 *h₂el- (imperfective) (“to grow, nourish”) ``` άλλος • (állos) m (feminine άλλη, neuter άλλο) indefinite, contrastive (“other”) from the root *sem-, which also gave εἷς (heîs, “one”). Cognate with Old English sama (English same) Sanskrit सम (sama) Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama) 𐏃𐎶 (ham) same, together Old Church Slavonic самъ (samŭ). ———————————- ``` ὁμοῦ Part of Speech: Adverb Transliteration: homou Phonetic Spelling: (hom-oo') Definition: together Usage: together, at the same place and time. ``` ——————————— ὅμοιος, οία, οιον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: homoios Phonetic Spelling: (hom'-oy-os) Definition: like, resembling, the same as Usage: like, similar to, resembling, of equal rank. ———————————- ὁμοίωμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: homoióma Phonetic Spelling: (hom-oy'-o-mah) Definition: that which is made like (something) Usage: (originally: a thing made like something else), a likeness, or rather: form; a similitude. HELPS Word-studies 3667 homoíōma (a neuter noun derived from homos, "the same") – properly, the same as; likeness, similitude (resemblance). 3667 /homoíōma ("likeness, particular similarity") is a comparison used to increase understanding. 3667 /homoíōma ("resemblance") does not require one element of a comparison to be derived from the other; indeed, it can be wholly separate from it. Rather, 3667 (homoíōma) refers to a basic analogy (resemblance), not an exact copy. —————————————— ``` παρόμοιος, α, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: paromoios Phonetic Spelling: (par-om'-oy-os) Definition: much like Usage: like, similar. ``` —————————————— ὁμοιοπαθής, ές Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: homoiopathés Phonetic Spelling: (hom-oy-op-ath-ace') Definition: of like feelings or affections Usage: of like feelings, having similar passions and feelings, of like infirmities. from homoios and paschó ——————————————— ``` ὁμοῦ Part of Speech: Adverb Transliteration: homou Phonetic Spelling: (hom-oo') Definition: together Usage: together, at the same place and time. ``` together. Genitive case of homos (the same; akin to hama) as adverb; at the same place or time -- together. see GREEK hama ``` hama: at once Original Word: ἅμα Part of Speech: Adverb Transliteration: hama Phonetic Spelling: (ham'-ah) Definition: at once Usage: at the same time, therewith, along with, together with. ``` ——————————————- AT THE SAME TIME, NEVER THE LESS ``` ὅμως Part of Speech: Conjunction Transliteration: homós Phonetic Spelling: (hom'-oce) Definition: yet, but yet Usage: yet, nevertheless, even. ``` and even, nevertheless, though but. Adverb from the base of homou; at the same time, i.e. (conjunctionally) notwithstanding, yet still -- and even, nevertheless, though but. —————————————— DIFFERENT άμοιαστος • (ámoiastos) m (feminine άμοιαστη, neuter άμοιαστο) unlike, unalike, different, dissimilar ``` διαφορά • (diaforá) f (plural διαφορές) difference (in characteristics, position, etc) difference (the result of subtraction) dispute, difference (of opinion, etc) (law) dispute ``` διαφορετικός • (diaforetikós) m (feminine διαφορετική, neuter διαφορετικό) dissimilar, different. δῐᾰφορᾱ́ • (diaphorā́) f (genitive δῐᾰφορᾶς); first declension difference discord, disagreement From διαφέρω (“to differ”) +‎ -η (abstract noun). ``` διαφέρω • (diaphérō) to carry over or across, to carry from one to another (of time) to go through, live, continue to bear through, bear to the end to bear to the end, go through with to carry different ways, to toss about to spread to tear asunder to give (ἐράνους διαφέρω = διαλύσομα) to pay them up (intransitive) to differ (impersonal) it makes a difference (substantive) the difference, the odds to be different from a man, generally in point of excess, to surpass to prevail to quarrel, struggle to come between, intervene to belong to (passive) to differ, be at variance, quarrel ``` From δια- (“through, between”) +‎ φέρω (“to bring, carry”) δῐᾰ- • (dia-) through, right through, across, over φέρω • (phérō) I bring, bear, carry

Answer 555

REPENT - CHANGE ONES MIND ``` From meta (change) + nous (mind) μετανιώνω • (metanióno) (past μετάνιωσα) change one's mind, regret repent • (metanióno) (past μετάνιωσα) change one's mind, regret repent ``` ——————————————————— REPENT Borrowed from Old French repentir from Vulgar Latin *repoenitere from re- + a late derivative of poenitere (“be penitent”) alteration of Latin paenitere. poenitēre present active infinitive of poeniteō ``` paeniteō (present infinitive paenitēre, perfect active paenituī, future participle paenitūrus); second conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle, impersonal in the passive I cause to repent. I regret, repent; I am sorry (impersonal) (with accusative of person, genitive of thing or infinitive) to regret Mē paenitet alicuius reī. I regret something. Eum errōris suī multum paenituit. He regretted his mistake very much. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”). Proto-Indo-European Root *peh₁- to hate, hurt Latin: patior patior (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent I suffer, endure. I allow, acquiesce, permit, submit. Patere lēgem quam ipse fēcistī / tulistī. Submit to the law which you yourself made / proposed. Apparently denominative from Proto-Indo-European *ph₁-tós participle of *peh₁- (“to hurt”). Cognate with paene, paeniteō, pēnūria Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma), πηρός (pērós), Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”), Proto-Slavic *patiti (“to suffer, to fare misfortune”). πῆμᾰ • (pêma) n (genitive πήμᾰτος); third declension (poetic) misery ``` μιζέρια Noun misery misery , poverty In those years, when what I am writing is happening, people with all their misery were living carefree, in a way. ( Asimakis Panselinos , When we lived ) pessimism , whining stinginess a type of card game in which one with the worst hand wins. ``` ανέχεια rudeness the situation in which one does not have the necessities to live, the great poverty From ανέχεια < α- (not) + έχω (have, hold own) απορία Poverty question the situation in which one can not answer a question that concerns him ( philosophy ) the situation in which the philosopher cannot answer a philosophical question because he has reached a contradiction or because two opposite propositions seem equally convincing a question lack of financial resources , poverty. ἄπορος < ἀ- deprivation + resource (passage) Related words wonder destitute questionable πόρος No passage, no resources, no logical answer. Etymology resource < ancient greek resource ( passage ) < pass (small) opening , through which someone or something can pass the pores of the skin ( transport ) the material means has no resources to live ( obsolete ) part of a river , through which people or animals passed opposite Finally, the people and the sacks crossed the rivers, passing through the water, at the point with the smallest depth, the " resource ". άπορος Destitute Etymology pauper < Ancient Greek queries < A- privative + resource απορία lack of financial resources , poverty απορώ wonder I am unable to answer a question , I do not understand ———————————————- ἀπήμων • (apḗmōn) m or f (neuter ἀπῆμον); third declension unhurt, unharmed not harmful, innocuous ἀ- (not) +‎ πῆμα (hurt, suffer) +‎ -μων (-Forms agent nouns and adjectives.) —————————————————- OLD ENGLISH Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend) fēond m enemy Iċ eom sē fēond þe þū ofslōge, mīn frēond. I am the enemy you killed, my friend. From Proto-Germanic *fijandz, originally a present participle of *fijāną (“to hate”). Corresponds to fēoġan +‎ -end. fēondlīċ hostile Satanic From fēond +‎ -līċ. -līċ forming adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of "characteristic of, pertaining to" forming adjectives denoting multiplicity (compare English -fold) ``` Multiplicity du·plic·i·ty /d(y)o͞oˈplisədē/ Learn to pronounce noun noun: duplicity 1.deceitfulness; double-dealing. "he was accused of duplicity and branded a traitor" Multiplicity 1. Multiple dealings, multiple conflicts of interest, unclear, the truth buried under complexity. ``` *fijāną to hate Antonym: *frijōną to dislike from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”). Cognate with Sanskrit पीयति (pī́yati, “to blame”). Proto-Germanic/fēaną *fēaną to blame Old English fēoġan to hate; persecute fēondsċipe m hostility, enmity ANTONYM Old English frēondsċipe m friendship frēond m friend lover present participle of the weak verb *frijōną (“to love, to free”) (Old English frēoġan), from Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- ‘like, love’. frēondlēas (“friendless”) frēondlīċ (“friendly”) frēondsċipe (“friendship”) winesċipe m friendship Synonym: frēondsċipe ``` Equivalent to wine +‎ -sċipe. wine m (poetic) friend -sċipe noun-forming suffix, analogous to modern English -ship ``` Used as a second element of many personal names. It could be appended to mythical creatures (Ælfwine "elf friend," Entwine "giant friend"), animals (Ēowine "horse friend," Earnwine "eagle friend," Seolhwine "seal friend," Lēowine "lion friend," Gōswine "goose friend," Eoforwine "boar friend," Wulfwine "wolf friend," Hundwine "dog friend"), inanimate objects (Seaxwine "knife friend," Goldwine "gold friend," Ealuwine "ale friend"), locations (Centwine "friend of Kent"), features of nature (Sǣwine "sea friend," Wealdwine "forest friend"), kinds of people (Wealhwine "friend of foreigners," Cnihtwine "friend of boys"), or abstract concepts (Mōdwine "mind friend"). It was also often used with adjectives, usually praising the owner of the name, as in Beorhtwine ("bright friend"), Ealdwine ("old friend"), and Dēorwine ("dear friend"). ``` Cognate with Old Frisian wine, Old Saxon wini, Old High German wini, Old Norse vinr. The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin venus, Proto-Celtic *wenja- (Old Irish fine). ``` Old Norse: vinr vinr m (genitive vinar, plural vinir) friend From Proto-Norse ᚹᛁᚾᛁᛉ (winiz) from Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend; loved one”) from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁is from the root *wenh₁- (“to seek, desire, love, win”). Compare Old English wine, Old Frisian wine, Old Saxon wini, Old High German wini. ᚹᛁᚾᛁᛉ (winiz) m friend ``` From Proto-Germanic *winiz. *winiz m loved one, friend Synonym: *frijōndz Antonym: *fijandz ``` From Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, seek, desire, love, win”). Cognate with Latin Venus (“love, beauty, grace, charm”). Proto-Indo-European Root *wenh₁- to love Venus f (genitive Veneris); third declension Venus, Roman goddess of natural productivity. Venus, the second planet in our solar system. Venus The Roman goddess governing love and sexuality; Venus. The planet closely associated with the evening: Venus. From Proto-Italic *wenos (“love”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”). See also Latin veneror, venia, Sanskrit वनस् (vánas, “loveliness, desire”), English wish. wish (plural wishes) A desire, hope, or longing for something or for something to happen. An expression of such a desire, often connected with ideas of magic and supernatural power. The thing desired or longed for. from Old English wȳsċan (“to wish”) Old English wȳsċan to wish (+genitive for something) ġewȳsċan to wish; desire to adopt From ġe- +‎ wȳsċan. ġe- used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process" forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs

Answer 556

REALIZE From συνειδητός (“conscious”) +‎ ποιώ (“make, do”). Verb συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (past συνειδητοποίησα) Verb realise, be aware of Synonyms αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai) αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (past αντιλήφθηκα) Verb realise, understand, see through Synonyms συνειδητοποιώ (syneiditopoió) Related terms λαμβάνω (lamváno, “to get, to receive, to take”)

Answer 557

SCIENCE επιστήμη • (epistími) f (plural επιστήμες) (sciences) science φυσικές επιστήμες ― fysikés epistímes ― natural sciences. ἐπιστήμη • (epistḗmē) f (genitive ἐπιστήμης); first declension science knowledge Episteme Etymology From ἐπίσταμαι (epístamai), from ἐπί (epí) +‎ ἵστημι (hístēmi) ἐπῐ́στᾰμαι • (epístamai) (transitive) To know, to have the knowledge of something from ἐπί (up, upon, over) +‎ ἵστημι (to stand, to put, to place) ``` ἐπῐ́ Preposition ἐπῐ́ • (epí) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) (+ genitive) on, upon (on the upper surface of) on (supported by) in (inside of) at, near ``` ``` ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi) (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) to make to stand, to stand, set to stop, stay, check to set up to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up to set up, appoint to establish, institute to place in the balance, weigh (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect) to stand to stand still (figuratively) to stand firm to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up (generally) to arise, begin (in marking time) to be to be appointed ``` ——————————————- POSIT posit (v.) "to assert, lay down as a position or principle," 1690s, from Latin positus "placed, situated, standing, planted," past participle of ponere "put, place" (see position (n.)). Earlier in a literal sense of "dispose, range, place in relation to other objects" (1640s). Related: Posited; positing. pōnere present active infinitive of pōnō pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp) po- Prefix off, away English: put put (third-person singular simple present puts, present participle putting, simple past put, past participle put or (UK dialectal) putten) To place something somewhere. She put her books on the table. To bring or set into a certain relation, state or condition. from Old English putian, *pūtian ("to push, put out") related Old English pȳtan (“to push, poke, thrust, put out (the eyes) position (n.) late 14c., posicioun, as a term in logic and philosophy, "statement of belief, the laying down of a proposition or thesis," from Old French posicion "position, supposition" (Modern French position) and directly from Latin positionem (nominative positio) "act or fact of placing, situation, position, affirmation," noun of state from past-participle stem of ponere "put, place." Watkins tentatively identifies this as... from PIE *po-s(i)nere, from *apo- "off, away" (see apo-) + *sinere "to leave, let" (see site). But de Vaan identifies it as from Proto-Italic *posine-, from PIE *tkine- "to build, live," from root *tkei- "to settle, dwell, be home" (see home (n.)). The meaning "place occupied by a person or thing" especially a proper or appropriate place, is from 1540s; hence "status, standing, social rank" (1832); "official station, employment" (1890). The meaning "manner in which some physical thing is arranged or posed, aggregate of the spatial relations of a body or figure to other such bodies or figures" is recorded by 1703; specifically in reference to dance steps, 1778, to sexual intercourse, 1883. Military sense of "place occupied or to be occupied" is by 1781. position (v.) 1670s, "to assume a position" (intransitive), from position (n.). Transitive sense of "place or put in relation to other objects," now the usual meaning, is recorded from 1817. Related: Positioned; positioning. site (n.) "place or position occupied by something," especially with reference to environment, late 14c., from Anglo-French site, Old French site "place, site; position," and directly from Latin situs "a place, position, situation, location, station; idleness, sloth, inactivity; forgetfulness; the effects of neglect," from past participle of sinere "let, leave alone, permit," from PIE *si-tu-, from root *tkei- "to settle, dwell, be home." *tkei- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to settle, dwell, be home." It forms all or part of: Amphictyonic; hamlet; hangar; haunt; home; site; situate; situation; situs. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kseti "abides, dwells;" Armenian shen "inhabited;" Greek kome, Lithuanian kaimas "village;" Old Church Slavonic semija "domestic servants;" Old English ham "dwelling place, house, abode," German heim "home," Gothic haims "village." ``` Proto-Indo-European / *tḱéyti Etymology *tḱéyti, from *teḱ- (“to sire, beget”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy = present suffix). Root *tḱey- (imperfective) to cultivate to settle to live ``` Latin: situs (plural situses) The position, especially the usual, normal position, of a body part or part of a plant. The method in which the parts of a plant are arranged. (law) The location of a property as used for taxation or other legal purposes. (real estate) The street number and street name of an address such as "3912 Park Drive". It does not include the city, county, country, etc. Latin: Situs Etymology 1 Perfect passive participle of sinō (“put, lay, set down; usually let, suffer, permit”). As a Participle situs (feminine sita, neuter situm); first/second-declension participle permitted, allowed, suffered, having been permitted put, laid or set down, having been set down (by extension) placed, set, lying, situated, positioned (by extension, of the dead) lying, laid, buried, interred (by extension) built, founded (figuratively) placed, situated, present, ready (figuratively) dependent upon Situs: As a Noun situs m (genitive sitūs); fourth declension The manner of lying; the situation, position or site of something. A quarter of the world, region. (Late Latin) description Latin: sinere (“to put, lay, set down, usually let, suffer, permit”). Latin: sinō (present infinitive sinere, perfect active sīvī or siī, supine situm); third conjugation (with accusative of person and infinitive) I let, permit, allow, suffer. I put, lay, set down. Latin In situ, Latin phrase meaning on-site or in-place Situs (law), a legal term meaning "site" where a law applies ————————————————— SITUS and JURISDICTION and CONFLICT OF LAW Conflict of Laws (case includes foreign law) Outcome of Legal Action would “Differ” by the laws applied. https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Justinian https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellae_Constitutiones https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_(Roman_law) https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutes_of_Justinian https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic_et_Non https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuscule_714 https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church Conflict of Laws Conflict of laws regulates all lawsuits involving foreign law if the outcome of a legal action would differ by the laws applied. Once the forum court has ruled that it has jurisdiction to hear the case, it must then decide which possible law is to be applied. If the parties and the causes of action are local, the court will apply the lex fori, the prevailing municipal law. If there are foreign elements to the case, the forum court, under conflict of laws, will consider which law will apply. Situs (law) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search In law, the situs (pronounced /ˈsaɪtəs/) (Latin for position or site) of property is where the property is treated as being located for legal purposes. This may be important when determining which laws apply to the property, since the situs of an object determines the lex situs, that is, the law applicable in the jurisdiction where the object is located, which may differ from the lex fori, the law applicable in the jurisdiction where a legal action is brought. For example, real estate in England is subject to English law, real estate in Scotland is subject to Scottish law, and real estate in France is subject to French law. It can be essential to determine the situs of an object, and the lex situs, because there are substantial differences between the laws in different jurisdictions governing, for example: whether property has been transferred effectively; what taxes apply (such as inheritance tax, estate tax, wealth tax, income tax and capital gains tax); and whether rules of intestacy or forced heirship apply. The rules for determining situs vary between jurisdictions and can depend on the context. The English common law rules, which apply in most common law jurisdictions, are in outline as follows: the situs of real estate (land) is where it is located. the situs of a chattel (tangible moveable item) is where it is currently located. the situs of a bearer instrument is where the document is located, but the situs of a registered instrument is where the register is held. the situs of debts is where the debtor resides, since that is generally where legal action can be taken to enforce the debt. the situs of intangible property, including intellectual property and goodwill, is where the property is registered, or, if not registered, where the rights to the property can be enforced. the situs of a ship within territorial waters is where it is located, but the situs of a ship in international waters is its port of registry. Lex loci rei sitae Lex loci rei sitae (Latin for "law of the place where the property is situated"), or simply lex situs,[1] is the doctrine that the law governing the transfer of title to property is dependent upon and varies with the location of the property, for the purposes of the conflict of laws. Conflict is the branch of public law regulating all lawsuits involving a "foreign" law element if a difference in result will occur, depending on which laws are applied. Lex loci celebrationis Lex loci celebrationis is a Latin term for a legal principle in English common law, roughly translated as "the law of the land (lex loci) where the marriage was celebrated". It refers to the validity of the union, independent of the laws of marriage of the countries involved: where the two individuals have legal nationality or citizenship, or where they live (reside or are domiciled). The assumption under the common law is that such a marriage, when lawfully and validly celebrated under the relevant law of the land, is also lawful and valid. lex loci In conflict of laws, the term lex loci (Latin for "the law of the place")[1] is a shorthand version of the choice of law rules that determine the lex causae (the laws chosen to decide a case). Lex fori Lex fori (Latin: the law of the forum) is a choice of law rule. If applicable, it provides that the law of the jurisdiction or venue in which a legal action is brought applies.[1] When a court decides that it should, by reason of the principles of conflict of law, resolve a given legal dispute by reference to the laws of another jurisdiction, the lex causae, the lex fori still govern procedural matters. lex loci contractus In the conflict of laws, the lex loci contractus is the Latin term for "law of the place where the contract is made". When a case comes before a court and all the main features of the case are local, the court will apply the lex fori, the prevailing municipal law, to decide the case. But if there are "foreign" elements to the case, the forum court may be obliged under the conflict of laws system to consider: whether the forum court has jurisdiction to hear the case (see the problem of forum shopping); it must then characterise the issues, i.e. allocate the factual basis of the case to its relevant legal classes; and then apply the choice of law rules to decide which law is to be applied to each class. The lex loci contractus is one of the possible choice of law rules applied to cases testing the validity of a contract. For example, suppose that a person domiciled in Canada and a person habitually resident in France, make a contract by e-mail. They agree to meet in New York State to record a CD of hip hop music. The possibly relevant choice of law rules would be: the lex domicilii and law of habitual residence to determine whether the parties had the capacity to enter into the contract; the lex loci contractus which could be difficult to establish since neither party left his own jurisdiction (reliance on postal rules for offer and acceptance in the several putative leges causae might produce different results); the lex loci solutionis might be the most relevant since New York is the most closely connected to the substance of the obligations assumed; the proper law; and the lex fori which might have public policy issues if, say, one of the parties was an infant. lex domicilii The lex domicilii is the Latin term for "law of the domicile" in the conflict of laws. Conflict is the branch of public law regulating all lawsuits involving a "foreign" law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied. When a case comes before a court, if the main features of the case are local, the court will then apply the lex fori, the prevailing municipal law, to decide the case. However, if there are "foreign" elements to the case, the court may then be obliged, under conflict of laws, to consider whether it has jurisdiction to hear the case (see forum shopping). The court must then characterise the issues to allocate the factual basis of the case to its relevant legal classes. Rules on the choice of law decide the lex causae, the law to be applied to each class. Lex causae (Latin for "law of the cause"), in conflict of laws, is the law chosen by the forum court from the relevant legal systems when it judges an international or interjurisdictional case. It refers to the usage of particular local laws as the basis or "cause" for the ruling, which would itself become part of referenced legal canon. lex loci delicti commissi The lex loci delicti commissi is the Latin term for "law of the place where the delict [tort] was committed"[1] in the conflict of laws. Conflict of laws is the branch of law regulating all lawsuits involving a "foreign" law element where a difference in result will occur depending on which laws are applied. The term is often shortened to lex loci delicti. privilegium fori The privilegium fori (Latin for "privilege of the (legal) forum") is a generic term for legal privileges to be tried in a particular court or type of court of law. Typically, it is an application of the principle of trial by one's peers, either by such a jury or at least by a specific court from that social segment, such as a soldier by a court martial, a cleric by an ecclesiastical court. Privilegium fori used to be one of the ecclesiastical privileges in the canon law of the Catholic Church: a member of the clergy received a special tribunal in civil and criminal causes before an ecclesiastical judge. This privilege was based on provisions in Roman law, which worked their way into church law and received preliminary codification in Gratian's Decretum, though later popes continued to adjust the terms of the privilege. ———————————————— SANSKRIT ``` क्षेषत् • (kṣéṣat) (root क्षि, class 2, type P, aorist) (class: also 6 P) (Vedic kṣáiṣat) (aorist) to dwell, stay, reside ```

Answer 558

MERCY έλεος • (éleos) n (plural ελέη) mercy, compassion, pity charity Κύριε δείξε έλεος Lord show mercy As an Interjection έλεος • (éleos) enough! Κάθε πρωί ξημερώματα τραγουδάει δυνατά – έλεος πια! Káthe proí ximerómata tragoudáei dynatá – éleos pia! Every morning at dawn he sings loudly – enough already! As a Noun ἔλεος • (éleos) n (genitive ἐλέεος or ἐλέους); third declension (Epic, Attic, Koine) pity, mercy, compassion object of pity As a Cry of Pain Interjection ἐλελεῦ • (eleleû) a cry of pain or lament, woe, alas. ἐλελελεῦ (eleleleû, “war cry”) See also: οίκτος pity, mercy, pitifulness, ruth See also: ευσπλαχνία compassion, mercy, charity, pity, mercifulness, pitifulness ———————————————- mercy (n.) late 12c., "God's forgiveness of his creatures' offenses," from Old French mercit, merci (9c.) "reward, gift; kindness, grace, pity," from Latin mercedem (nominative merces) "reward, wages, pay, hire" (in Vulgar Latin "favor, pity;" in Medieval Latin "thanks; grace"), from merx (genitive mercis) "wares, merchandise" (see market (n.)). In Church Latin (6c.) it was given a specific application to the heavenly reward earned by those who show kindness to the helpless and those from whom no requital can be expected. Meaning "disposition to forgive or show compassion" is attested from early 13c. Sense of "an act or exercise of forbearance or good will" is from c. 1300. As an interjection, attested from mid-13c. (short for may God have mercy, have mercy on me, etc.). Many of the English senses are found earlier in French, but in French the word largely has been superseded by miséricorde except as a word of thanks. Sense of "discretionary action" (as in at (one's) mercy) is from mid-14c. Seat of mercy "golden covering of the Ark of the Covenant" (1530), hence "the throne of God," is Tyndale's loan-translation of Luther's gnadenstuhl, an inexact translation of Latin propitiatorium, ultimately a rendering of Hebrew kapporeth, literally "propitiatory." ———————————————- CHRISTIANITY Mercy (Middle English, from Anglo-French merci, from Medieval Latin merced-, merces. from Latin, "price paid, wages" from merc-, merxi "merchandise") is benevolence, forgiveness, and kindness in a variety of ethical, religious, social, and legal contexts. In the social and legal context, mercy may refer both to compassionate behavior on the part of those in power (e.g. mercy shown by a judge toward a convict), or on the part of a humanitarian third party, e.g., a mission of mercy aiming to treat war victims. "Mercy" can be defined as "compassion or forbearance shown especially to an offender or to one subject to one's power"; and also "a blessing that is an act of divine favor or compassion."[3] "To be at someone's mercy" indicates a person being "without defense against someone." Law and Ethics In a judicial context mercy is often termed "clemency". It is a sovereign prerogative that resides in the executive and is entirely discretionary. John Locke defined it as "the power to act according to discretion, for the public good, without the prescription of the Law, and sometimes even against it."[5] The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit explained that "The very nature of clemency is that it is grounded solely in the will of the dispenser of clemency. He need give no reasons for granting it or for denying it." In the encyclical Dives in misericordia ("Rich in Mercy") Pope John Paul II examines the role of mercy—both God's mercy, and also the need for human mercy.[15] He sees in the Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11-32) "the essence of the divine mercy".[15] Having squandered his patrimony, justice would dictate that the prodigal should only expect to be received back as a hireling. The figure of the father is analogous to God as Father, who goes beyond the requirements of justice to welcome his son with compassion. The Catechism of the Catholic Church emphasizes the importance of the Works of Mercy (item 2447) and in Roman Catholic teachings, the mercy of God flows through the work of the Holy Spirit. Roman Catholic liturgy includes frequent references to mercy, e.g., as in Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison: Lord have mercy, Christ have mercy. Works of mercy (sometimes known as acts of mercy) are practices considered meritorious in Christian ethics. The practice is popular in the Catholic Church as an act of both penance and charity. In addition, the Methodist church teaches that the works of mercy are a means of grace which lead to holiness[1] and aid in sanctification.[2] The works of mercy have been traditionally divided into two categories, each with seven elements:[3] "Corporal works of mercy" which concern the material and physical needs of others. "Spiritual works of mercy" which concern the spiritual needs of others. Based on Jesus' doctrine of the sheep and the goats, the corporal and spiritual works of mercy are a means of grace as good deeds; it is also a work of justice pleasing to God. —————————————————— http: //www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_30111980_dives-in-misericordia.html https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dives_in_misericordia ——————————————————- MARKET ``` Latin: mercātus m (genitive mercātūs); fourth declension trade, traffic, buying and selling market, marketplace festival assemblage, public feast ``` From mercor (“I trade, traffic, deal”) +‎ -tus (action noun suffix). mercor (present infinitive mercārī or mercārier, perfect active mercātus sum); first conjugation, deponent I trade, deal, sell. ``` merx f (genitive mercis); third declension merchandise, commodity goods, wares ``` Mercurius m sg (genitive Mercuriī or Mercurī); second declension Mercury; a Roman god associated with speed and trade; sometimes used as a messenger of the Gods, wearing winged sandals. Mercury was equated with the Greek god Hermes and many other Ancient divinities, including the Germanic Odin. Mercury (astronomy) The planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿. (Roman mythology) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger. He wore winged sandals. Mercury corresponded to the Greek god Hermes. Hermes (Greek mythology) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft. The Egyptian Thoth, identified with the Greek Hermes. (astronomy) The planet Mercury when observed as an evening star. From the Ancient Greek Ἑρμῆς (Hermês), itself of disputed meaning and origin, possibly of non-Indo-European substrate or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”). Proto-Indo-European Root *ser- to flow Ancient Greek: ὀρός (orós) ὀρός • (orós) m (genitive ὀροῦ); second declension whey, the watery part of milk serum of blood From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to flow, run”) see also Sanskrit सर (sara, “flowing”), सरित् (sarit, “river, brook”) and Latin serum (“whey”). ``` ὁρμή • (hormḗ) f (genitive ὁρμῆς); first declension violent pressure, assault, force first movements, beginning, start eagerness, struggle, effort violence, passion, appetite ``` Could also be from ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I urge on, incite”). ——————————————- HERMÈS (Latin: Mercury) Ἑρμῆς • (Hermês) m (genitive Ἑρμοῦ); first declension (Greek mythology) Hermes, a Greek god, the son of Zeus and Maia. Uncertain origin; usually linked to ἕρμα (hérma, “heap of stones”), itself of non-Indo-European substrate origin or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”). Ερμής • (Ermís) m (Greek mythology) Hermes (messenger of the gods) (astronomy) Mercury (planet) ——————————————- PLANETS (planets of the Solar System) Ερμής (Mercury) Αφροδίτη (Venus) Γη (Earth) Άρης (Mars) Άρης • (Áris) m (Greek mythology) Ares, the ancient god of war (astronomy) Mars, the planet ``` Δίας (Jupiter) Δίας • (Días) m (astronomy) Jupiter (Greek mythology) Zeus Δῐ́ᾰ • (Día) accusative of Ζεύς (Zeús) ``` Κρόνος (Saturn) Κρόνος • (Krónos) m (Greek mythology) Cronus, Cronos (astronomy) The planet Saturn ``` Ουρανός (Uranus — Heaven, Sky) Ουρανός • (Ouranós) m (astronomy) Uranus (Greek mythology) Uranus Also: ουρανός • (ouranós) m (plural ουρανοί) sky roof, canopy firmament, heaven, heavens ``` Ποσειδώνας (Neptune) Ποσειδώνας • (Poseidónas) m (astronomy) Neptune (planet) (Greek mythology) Poseidon Πλούτων (Pluto) The rich one. (Plutocrat) Πλούτων • (Ploútōn) m (genitive Πλούτωνος); third declension (Greek mythology) Hades, the god of the underworld. πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches”) +‎ -ων (one who possesses “X”) From Proto-Indo-European *-Hō, dubbed "Hoffmann's suffix", meaning "one who possesses X". -ων • (-ōn) m (genitive -ωνος); third declension Added to nouns to form possessive derivatives ‎πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches”) + ‎-ων (-ōn) → ‎Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “One who possesses riches, god of the underworld”) ‎τιμή (timḗ, “honor”) + ‎-ων (-ōn) → ‎Τίμων (Tímōn, “Honorable One, personal name”) Dīs Pater (/ˌdɪs ˈpeɪtər/; Latin: [diːs ˈpatɛr]; genitive Dītis Patris) was a Roman god of the underworld. Dis was originally associated with fertile agricultural land and mineral wealth, and since those minerals came from underground, he was later equated with the chthonic deities Pluto (Hades) and Orcus. Dīs Pater was commonly shortened to simply Dīs, and this name has since become an alternative name for the underworld or a part of the underworld, such as the City of Dis of Dante's The Divine Comedy, which comprises Lower Hell. The name Dīs is a contraction of the Latin adjective dīves ('wealthy, rich'), probably derived from dīvus, dīus ('godlike, divine') via the form *deiu-(o)t- or *deiu-(e)t- ('who is like the gods, protected by the gods').[1][2] The occurrence of the deity Dīs together with Pater ('father') may be due to association with Di(e)spiter (Jupiter).[1] Cicero gave a similar etymology in De Natura Deorum, suggesting the meaning 'father of riches', and comparing the deity to the Greek name Pluto (Plouton, Πλούτων), meaning "the rich one", a title bestowed upon the Greek god Hades. Dīs Pater eventually became associated with death and the underworld because mineral wealth such as gems and precious metals came from underground, wherein lies the realm of the dead, i.e. Hades' (Pluto's) domain. In being conflated with Pluto, Dīs Pater took on some of the latter's mythological attributes, being one of the three sons of Saturn (Greek Cronus) and Ops (Greek Rhea), along with Jupiter (Greek Zeus) and Neptune (Greek Poseidon). He ruled the underworld and the dead beside his wife, Proserpina (Greek Persephone).[3] In literature, Dīs Pater's name was commonly used as a symbolic and poetic way of referring to death itself. Orcus (Latin: Orcus) was a god of the underworld, punisher of broken oaths in Italic and Roman mythology. As with Hades, the name of the god was also used for the underworld itself. In the later tradition, he was conflated with Dis Pater. In Greek mythology, the figure of Horkos[pronunciation?] (Greek: Ὅρκος, "oath")[1] personifies the curse that will be inflicted on any person who swears a false oath.[2] In Aesop's Fables there is a cautionary story, numbered 239 in the Perry Index, indicating that retribution is swift where the god is defied.[3] Oath-taking and the penalties for perjuring oneself played an important part in the Ancient Greek concept of justice. Divine retribution Hesiod's Theogony identifies Horkos as the son of Eris ("strife") and brother of various tribulations: Ponos ("Hardship"), Lethe ("Forgetfulness"), Limos ("Starvation"), Algae ("Pains"), Hysminai ("Battles"), Makhai ("Wars"), Phonoi ("Murders"), Androktasiai (Manslaughters"), Neikea ("Quarrels"), Pseudea ("Lies"), Logoi ("Stories"), Amphillogiai ("Disputes"), Dysnomia ("Anarchy"), and Ate ("Ruin").[4] In his Works and Days, Hesiod states that the Erinyes (Furies) assisted at the birth of Horkos, "whom Eris bore, to be a plague on those who take false oath", and that the fifth of the month was especially dangerous as being the day on which he was born.[5] However, according to the moral given in an ethical parable related by Aesop, there is no fixed day on which the god's punishment falls on the wicked. Hades (/ˈheɪdiːz/; Greek: ᾍδης Hádēs; Ἅιδης Háidēs), in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with which his name became synonymous.[1] Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although the last son regurgitated by his father.[2] He and his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, defeated their father's generation of gods, the Titans, and claimed rulership over the cosmos. Hades received the underworld, Zeus the sky, and Poseidon the sea, with the solid earth, long the province of Gaia, available to all three concurrently. Hades was often portrayed with his three-headed guard dog Cerberus. The Etruscan god Aita and the Roman gods Dis Pater and Orcus were eventually taken as equivalent to Hades and merged into Pluto, a Latinization of Plouton (Greek: Πλούτων, Ploútōn),[3] itself a euphemistic title often given to Hades. https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dīs_Pater https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orcus https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horkos ——————————————- THOTH (Latin: Mercury) Thoth The ancient Egyptian moon god of wisdom, learning, and magic, usually depicted as an ibis or baboon. The first month of the later ancient Egyptian civil calendar and Coptic calendar, corresponding to the first month of the season of Akhet. Since 25 BCE, when the calendar was reformed to include leap-days, Thoth has been in roughly September. Via Latin from Ancient Greek Θώθ (Thṓth) from Egyptian ḏḥwtj (“Thoth”, literally “he who is like the ibis”) COPTIC ⲡⲓⲐⲱⲟⲩⲧ • (piThōout) m (Bohairic) Thoth, the Egyptian god of knowledge, writing, magic, and the moon. (Bohairic) January. ⲉⲣⲙⲏⲥ • (ermēs) ? Hermes —————————————————- market (n.) early 12c., "a meeting at a fixed time for buying and selling livestock and provisions, an occasion on which goods are publicly exposed for sale and buyers assemble to purchase," from Old North French market "marketplace, trade, commerce" (Old French marchiet, Modern French marché), from Latin mercatus "trading, buying and selling; trade; market" (source of Italian mercato, Spanish mercado, Dutch markt, German Markt), from past participle of mercari "to trade, deal in, buy," from merx (genitive mercis) "wares, merchandise." This is from an Italic root *merk-, possibly from Etruscan, referring to various aspects of economics. The god Mercurius was probably the god of exchange. According to [Walde-Hoffmann], the god's name was borrowed from Etruscan; in principle, the same is possible for the stem *merk- altogether. [de Vaan] Meaning "public building or space where markets are held" is attested from late 13c. Meaning "a city, country or region considered as a place where things are bought or sold" is from 1610s. Sense of "sale as controlled by supply and demand" is from 1680s. Market-garden "plot of land on which vegetables are grown for market" is by 1789. Market-basket "large basket used to carry marketing" is by 1798. Market price "price a commodity will bring when sold in open market" is from mid-15c.; market value "value established or shown by sales" (1690s) is first attested in the writings of John Locke. Market economy is from 1948; market research is from 1921. market (v.) 1630s (intransitive), "to buy or sell;" 1640s (transitive) "to carry to or sell in a market;" from market (n.). Related: Marketed; marketing.

Answer 559

GRACE χάρη • (chári) f (plural χάρες) favour (UK), favor (US) (a deed in which help is voluntarily provided) Synonym: αντίχαρη (antíchari) (a favour returned) pardon (releasing order) grace χᾰ́ρῐς • (kháris) f (genitive χᾰ́ρῐτος); third declension beauty, elegance, charm, grace favourable disposition towards someone: grace, favor, goodwill (Judaism, Christianity) the grace or favor of God a voluntary act of goodwill gratitude, thanks Synonym: μοῖτος (moîtos) influence (opposite force) gratification, delight χᾰρῐ́εις • (kharíeis) m (feminine χᾰρῐ́εσσᾰ, neuter χᾰρῐ́εν); first/third declension graceful, beautiful, elegant cultured, refined From χᾰ́ρῐς (kháris, “grace”) +‎ -εις (-eis, “ful”). ———————————————— εύνοια • (évnoia) f (plural εύνοιες) favour (UK), favor (US) approval εὔνοιᾰ • (eúnoia) f (genitive εὐνοίᾱς); first declension goodwill, favour From εὐνοέω (“to wish well to somebody”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (abstract noun). from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂weh₁yeti (“to be favourable to”). MEANS OF GRACE In Lutheranism, the Means of Grace are God's instruments by which all spiritual blessing are bestowed upon sinners.[12] Lutheran churches teach that the means of grace are the ways that the Holy Spirit creates faith in the hearts of Christians, forgives their sins, and gives them eternal salvation. The efficacy of these means does not depend on the faith, strength, status, or good works of those who proclaim the Word of God or administer God's sacraments; rather, the efficacy of these means rests in God alone, who has promised to work through God's gift of these means to God's church. For Lutherans, the means of grace include the Gospel (both written and proclaimed), as well as the sacrament of Holy Baptism, and the Sacrament of the Eucharist.[12] Some Lutherans also include Confession and Absolution as sacraments and as such a means of grace, although they are not counted as such by others because no physical element is attached to Absolution, as is the case in both Baptism and the Lord's Supper. ————————————————— FAVOR From Latin:favor (“good will; kindness; partiality”) from faveō (“to be kind to”). faveō (present infinitive favēre, perfect active fāvī, supine fautum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive (with dative) I favour I support, encourage, indulge ``` Derived terms Faunus faustus fautor favete linguis ``` ``` Faunus m (genitive Faunī); second declension (Roman mythology) Faunus (horned god of the forest, plains and fields) ``` Faunus is related toGreek: θώς θώς • (thṓs) m or f (genitive θωός); third declension jackal Synonym λῠκοπᾰ́νθηρ • (lukopánthēr) m (genitive λῠκοπᾰ́νθηρος); third declension jackal From λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”) and πάνθηρ (pánthēr, “panther”). λῠ́κος • (lúkos) m (genitive λῠ́κου); second declension wolf curb bit a kind of jackdaw λῠκηδόν (lukēdón, “wolf-like”, adverb) λῠκηθμός m (lukēthmós, “wolfʼs howl”) Related to Greek: θῶσθαι (thôsthai, “to eat”) Αὐτόλῠκος • (Autólukos) m (genitive Αὐτολῠ́κου); second declension (Greek mythology) Autolycus, a mythical robber, son of Hermes From αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”) +‎ λύκος (lúkos, “wolf”). From Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). From Latin lupus lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension (zoology) wolf (C. lupus) Homō hominī lupus est. Man is a wolf to man. Cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (wolf) Old English wulf (English wolf) The word *wĺ̥kʷos is a thematic accented zero-grade noun perhaps derived from the adjective *wl̥kʷós (“dangerous”) compare Hittite 𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸 (walkuwa-, “something negative”) Old Irish olc (“evil”) Sanskrit अवृक (avṛká, “safe”, literally “not wild”), वृकतात् (vṛká-tāt, “savagery”). Hittite 𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸 • (walkuwaš) something negative Λῠ́κος • (Lúkos) m (genitive Λῠ́κου); second declension A male given name: Lycus; Lycos; Lykos Λύκος • (Lýkos) m (astronomy) Lupus (summer constellation of the northern sky) ``` Λύκῐος • (Lúkios) m (genitive Λῠκίου); second declension a Lycian (native or inhabitant of ancient Lycia) ``` Λῠκῐ́ᾱ • (Lukíā) f (genitive Λῠκῐ́ᾱς); first declension Lycia From Λῠ́κος (“Lycus”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (State, dominion, territory, kingdom). ———————————————— SUFFIX -εις • (-eis) m (feminine -εσσᾰ, neuter -εν); first/third declension -ful Latin: -ōsus - ōsus (feminine -ōsa, neuter -ōsum); first/second-declension suffix - ose, -ous; full of, overly, prone to. Used to form adjectives from nouns. From Proto-Indo-European *-went- *(Ø)-wénts Forms possessive adjectives from nominal stems. Greek words suffixes with: -εις ``` Α αἰθαλόεις αἱματόεις ἀργήεις ἀστερόεις Β βροτόεις Η ἠερόεις ἠμαθόεις ἠνεμόεις Ι ἰχθυόεις Ο ὀμφαλόεις Π παιπαλόεις Πιθηκοῦσαι Ρ ῥοδόεις Τ τελήεις Φ φθογγήεις φωνήεις Χ χαρίεις ``` ———————————————- The means of grace in Christian theology are those things (the means) through which God gives grace. Just what this grace entails is interpreted in various ways: generally speaking, some see it as God blessing humankind so as to sustain and empower the Christian life; others see it as forgiveness, life, and salvation. ———————————————— ``` In Methodism, the means of grace are ways in which God works invisibly in disciples, quickening, strengthening and confirming faith. So, believers use them to open their hearts and lives to God's work in them. According to John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, the means of grace can be divided into two broad categories, with individual and communal components: Works of Piety, such as: Individual Practices-- Prayer Fasting Searching the Scriptures Healthy Living Communal Practices-- Worship Holy Communion Baptism Christian Conferencing (or "community") Works of Mercy, such as: Service focused toward individual needs-- Doing Good (Good works) Visiting the Sick Visiting the Imprisoned Feeding and Clothing those in need Earning, Saving, and Giving Service focused toward communal/societal needs-- the Seeking of Justice; Opposition to Slavery ``` ——————————————————- ``` Prevenient grace (or enabling grace) is a Christian theological concept rooted in Arminian theology,[1] though it appeared earlier in Catholic theologies.[2] It is divine grace that precedes human decision. In other words, God will start showing love to that individual at a certain point in his lifetime. Prevenient grace is embraced primarily by Arminian Christians who are influenced by the theology of Jacob Arminius or John Wesley. Wesleyan Arminians believe that grace enables, but does not ensure, personal acceptance of the gift of salvation. Wesley typically referred to it in 18th-century language as prevenient grace. In current English, the phrase preceding grace would have a similar meaning. ``` Arminian Free Will Baptist theologian Robert E. Picirilli says that the word "prevenient" in prevenient grace comes from an archaic English usage meaning "anticipating", "coming before", or "preceding".[3] Picirilli says that a good synonym for "prevenient grace" is "enabling grace", as it enables sinful mankind to believe.[4] The United Methodist Book of Discipline (2004) defines prevenient grace as "the divine love that surrounds all humanity and precedes any and all of our conscious impulses. This grace prompts our first wish to please God, our first glimmer of understanding concerning God's will, and our 'first slight transient conviction' of having sinned against God. God's grace also awakens in us an earnest longing for deliverance from sin and death and moves us toward repentance and faith."[5] The Church of the Nazarene has made prevenient grace one of its sixteen "Articles of Faith" found in the Nazarene Manual.[6] The Manual declares on behalf of the Church of the Nazarene: We believe that the human race's creation in Godlikeness included ability to choose between right and wrong, and that thus human beings were made morally responsible; that through the fall of Adam they became depraved so that they cannot now turn and prepare themselves by their own natural strength and works to faith and calling upon God. But we also believe that the grace of God through Jesus Christ is freely bestowed upon all people, enabling all who will to turn from sin to righteousness, believe on Jesus Christ for pardon and cleansing from sin, and follow good works pleasing and acceptable in His sight.[6] Predecessor to the Nazarene Articles of Faith are the Articles of Religion, which John Wesley adapted for use by American Methodists. With very similar language between it and Article VII of the Manual, Article VIII states, "The condition of man after the fall of Adam is such that he cannot turn and prepare himself, by his own natural strength and works, to faith, and calling upon God; wherefore we have no power to do good works, pleasant and acceptable to God, without the grace of God by Christ preventing [preceding] us, that we may have a good will, and working with us, when we have that good will" (emphasis added), language that was taken directly from Article X of the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion adopted by the Church of England in 1563." Jacobus Arminius affirmed total depravity but believed that prevenient grace enables people to respond to God's offer of salvation: Concerning grace and free will, this is what I teach according to the Scriptures and orthodox consent: Free will is unable to begin or to perfect any true and spiritual good, without grace. ... This grace [prævenit] goes before, accompanies, and follows; it excites, assists, operates that we will, and co operates lest we will in vain.[9] In John Wesley's sermon "On Working Out Our Own Salvation" (sermon #85), Wesley stated that prevenient grace elicits "the first wish to please God, the first dawn of light concerning His will, and the first slight transient conviction of having sinned against Him." GOOD WORKS In Christian theology, good works, or simply works, are a person's (exterior) actions or deeds, in contrast to inner qualities such as grace or faith. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles Catholic Church The Catholic Church teaches that both faith and good works are necessary for salvation:[5] Protestants and Catholics agree that faith is necessary for salvation. The Bible clearly teaches that it is. Good works alone do not merit salvation. No one can "buy" heaven with enough good works, or good enough motives. The ticket to heaven is not being nice or sincere or good enough; the ticket to heaven is the Blood of Christ, and faith is the acceptance of that free gift. But the [Catholic] Church insists that good works are necessary too. This means the works of love. Good works are not mere external deeds, but the works of love. And love is not mere feelings, but the works of love (charity, agape). That is why Christ can command them; feelings cannot be commanded. St. James clearly teaches that "faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead" (Jas 2:17). And some of Christ's parables teach that our salvation depends on charity (Mt 25:40: "as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me"). —Peter Kreeft Eastern Orthodox Churches[edit] The Eastern Orthodox Churches teach the unity of faith and good works as necessary for salvation:[6] We are first "justified by faith" and then "empowered by God for good works and deeds of righteousness." Orthodoxy believes one has to acquire faith then become righteous so that he can do good works. In essence, one follows the other. However, we do not discuss the one versus the other, as we look at them as a total unit. We believe that they are in union with one another; one cannot exist without the other in order to achieve salvation. It is up to us to commit to and acquire faith through God's mercy, so that we will see the need and have the will to do good works and deeds of righteousness, in the hope we will obtain God's final grace as the last Judgment. Good works is "a necessary consequence of a faith-filled heart," but it is only part of the requirement of salvation. One cannot skip from justification of a faith-filled heart directly to the final step of being saved without performing good works and deeds of righteousness. The two are intimately linked, which allows believers to be assured of salvation through a changed heart and changed actions. —A.S. Bogeatzes Lutheran Churches and Reformed Churches[edit] The Lutheran and Reformed principle of sola fide states that no matter what a person's action, salvation comes through faith alone. Ephesians 2:8–9 reads, "For by grace ye are saved through faith: and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: not of works, lest any man should boast." (KJV) According to the Lutheran and Reformed tradition, salvation is God's gift at God's sole prerogative. Were it achieved by works, men could take pride in their efforts toward holiness, and God's gift of grace would be diminished in contrast to man's efforts. On the other hand, Paul says that God's chosen one who has been made holy by grace must show faith by actually loving (see Galatians 5:6) and in this way obeying the law, i.e., the law or commandment of Christ and his Spirit (see Romans 8:2).[10] In line with this, a more works-orientated perspective is presented by the Epistle of James, which concludes that "faith without works is dead" (James 2:26). By works the author here appears to include both acts of charity and righteousness according to the "laws of the Spirit" (Romans 8:2), as opposed to Mosaic Law. The sola fide view holds that James is not saying that a person is saved by works and not by genuine faith, but that genuine faith will produce good deeds, however, only faith in Christ saves.[11] Methodist Churches[edit] With regard to good works, A Catechism on the Christian Religion: The Doctrines of Christianity with Special Emphasis on Wesleyan Concepts teaches:[12] ...after a man is saved and has genuine faith, his works are important if he is to keep justified. 146) James 2:20-22, "But wilt thou known, O vain main, that faith without (apart from) works is dead? Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar? Seest thou faith wrought with works, and by works was faith made perfect?[12] The Methodist Churches affirm the doctrine of justification by faith, but in Wesleyan–Arminian theology, justification refers to "pardon, the forgiveness of sins", rather than "being made actually just and righteous", which Methodists believe is accomplished through sanctification.[13][14] John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Churches, taught that the keeping of the moral law contained in the Ten Commandments,[15] as well as engaging in the works of piety and the works of mercy, were "indispensable for our sanctification".[16] Wesley understood faith as a necessity for salvation, even calling it “the sole condition” of salvation, in the sense that it led to justification, the beginning point of salvation. At the same time, “as glorious and honorable as [faith] is, it is not the end of the commandment. God hath given this honor to love alone” (“The Law Established through Faith II,” §II.1). Faith is “an unspeakable blessing” because “it leads to that end, the establishing anew the law of love in our hearts” (“The Law Established through Faith II,” §II.6) This end, the law of love ruling in our hearts, is the fullest expression of salvation; it is Christian perfection. —Amy Wagner[17] Methodist soteriology emphasize the importance of the pursuit of holiness in salvation.[18] Thus, for Methodists, "true faith...cannot subsist without works".[16] Bishop Scott J. Jones in United Methodist Doctrine writes that in Methodist theology:[19] Faith is necessary to salvation unconditionally. Good works are necessary only conditionally, that is if there is time and opportunity. The thief on the cross in Luke 23:39-43 is Wesley's example of this. He believed in Christ and was told, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise." This would be impossible if the good works that are the fruit of genuine repentance and faith were unconditionally necessary for salvation. The man was dying and lacked time; his movements were confined and he lacked opportunity. In his case, faith alone was necessary. However, for the vast majority of human beings good works are necessary for continuance in faith because those persons have both the time and opportunity for them.[19]

Answer 560

BLESSING - GOOD WORDS ευλογία • (evlogía) f (plural ευλογίες) (Christianity) blessing From Koine Greek εὐλογία (eulogía, “praise, plaudit”). ``` εὐλογῐ́ᾱ • (eulogíā) f (genitive εὐλογῐ́ᾱς); first declension good speaking, good words flattery praise, panegyric, eulogy fame, glory blessing, thanksgiving gift ``` From εὔλογος (eúlogos, “reasonable, sensible”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) +‎ λόγος (lógos, “word, utterance, narrative”).

Answer 561

GOOD WORKS - GOOD JOB - GOOD SLAVE δουλειά • (douleiá) f (plural δουλειές) employment, work, job task, job From Ancient Greek δουλεία (douleía), from δοῦλος (doûlos, “slave”). δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (feminine δούλη, neuter δοῦλον); first/second declension (Attic, Ionic) slavish, servile, subject Noun δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (genitive δούλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) born slave or bondman Synonym: ἀτμήν (atmḗn) ἀτμήν • (atmḗn) m (genitive ἀτμένος); third declension servant, slave Synonym: δοῦλος (doûlos) Related to δμώς (dmṓs, “slave”). Furnée adduces λατμενεία (latmeneía, “slavery”). δμώς • (dmṓs) m (genitive δμωός); third declension male slave taken captive in war; male slave ``` δᾰμᾰ́ζω • (damázō) to tame, subdue, control (of women) to give in marriage (of women) to seduce or rape to subdue, conquer, rule over to kill to overpower ``` domō (present infinitive domāre, perfect active domuī, supine domitum); first conjugation I tame, break in I subdue, conquer, vanquish δαμνάω • (damnáō) Synonym of δαμάζω (damázō) From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂-. Cognates include Sanskrit दाम्यति (dāmyati), Latin domō, and English tame. From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- Root *demh₂- to tame, domesticate domesticate (third-person singular simple present domesticates, present participle domesticating, simple past and past participle domesticated) (transitive) To make domestic. (transitive) To make fit for domestic life. (transitive) To adapt to live with humans. The Russian claims to have successfully domesticated foxes. (intransitive) To adapt to live with humans. Dogs have clearly domesticated more than cats. (transitive) To make a legal instrument recognized and enforceable in a jurisdiction foreign to the one in which the instrument was originally issued or created. (transitive, translation studies) To amend the elements of a text to fit local culture. Antonym: foreignize domestic (comparative more domestic, superlative most domestic) Of or relating to the home. Of or relating to activities normally associated with the home, wherever they actually occur. domestic violence; domestic hot water (of an animal) Kept by someone, for example as a farm animal or a pet. Internal to a specific country. Tending to stay at home; not outgoing. from Latin domesticus, from domus (“house, home”). ``` domus f (irregular, variously declined, genitive domūs or domī); fourth declension, second declension house, home Synonyms: aedēs, casa, domicilium, habitātiō, mānsiō, sēdēs, tēctum Hypernyms: aedificium, cōnstrūctiō Hyponyms: domuncula, tugurium (poetic) any building or abode Synonyms: aedificium, cōnstructiō native place, one's country or home (confer patria) household, family, race (in locative case in phrases) peace Bellī domīque. In war and peace. (monarchy) house, dynasty ``` English: domus (anthropology, archaeology) A farmstead with its people, plants and animals, considered as a unit. (dated) In the UK a college (or collectively its fellows) in Cambridge or Oxford From Proto-Italic *domos, from Proto-Indo-European *dṓm (“house, home”), from root *dem- (“to build”). Cognates include Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos), Albanian dhomë (“a chamber, a room”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬛‎ (dam-) Sanskrit दम (dáma) and Proto-Slavic *domъ. The same Proto-Indo-European root also gave Old English timber (“building, act of building”); see modern English timber. δόμος • (dómos) m (genitive δόμου); second declension house, dwelling household Dwelling place of animals: barn, wasp's nest, snake's hole Synonyms οἶκος (oîkos) ``` οἶκος • (oîkos) m (genitive οἴκου); second declension house or dwelling place room, chamber meeting house, hall; monument birdcage (astrology) domicile of a planet estate, inheritance reigning house or family ``` From ϝοῖκος (woîkos), from Proto-Hellenic *wóikos from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“to enter, settle; settlement, homestead, village”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀒 (wo-ko /wojkos/, “home”) Latin vīcus (whence English wick (“village”)) wick (plural wicks) (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) (archaic) A village; hamlet; castle; dwelling; street; creek; bay; harbour; a place of work, jurisdiction, or exercise of authority. (Britain, dialect, chiefly East Anglia and Essex) A farm, especially a dairy farm. Present in compounds (meaning “village”, “jurisdiction”, or “harbour”), as -wick, such as bailiwick, sheriffwick, Warwick, Greenwick, Gatwick, Southwick, Hampton Wick etc., also -wich. From Middle English weke, wicke (“wick”), from Old English wēoce (“wick”), from Proto-Germanic *weukǭ (“flax bundle, wick”), from Proto-Indo-European *weg- (“to weave”).[1] Compare West Frisian wjok, wjuk (“wing”), Dutch wiek (“wing; propeller, blade; wick”), German Wieche (“wisp; wick”). —————————————————- GOOD WORKS In Christian theology, good works, or simply works, are a person's (exterior) actions or deeds, in contrast to inner qualities such as grace or faith. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles Catholic Church The Catholic Church teaches that both faith and good works are necessary for salvation:[5] Protestants and Catholics agree that faith is necessary for salvation. The Bible clearly teaches that it is. Good works alone do not merit salvation. No one can "buy" heaven with enough good works, or good enough motives. The ticket to heaven is not being nice or sincere or good enough; the ticket to heaven is the Blood of Christ, and faith is the acceptance of that free gift. But the [Catholic] Church insists that good works are necessary too. This means the works of love. Good works are not mere external deeds, but the works of love. And love is not mere feelings, but the works of love (charity, agape). That is why Christ can command them; feelings cannot be commanded. St. James clearly teaches that "faith by itself, if it has no works, is dead" (Jas 2:17). And some of Christ's parables teach that our salvation depends on charity (Mt 25:40: "as you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me"). —Peter Kreeft Eastern Orthodox Churches[edit] The Eastern Orthodox Churches teach the unity of faith and good works as necessary for salvation:[6] We are first "justified by faith" and then "empowered by God for good works and deeds of righteousness." Orthodoxy believes one has to acquire faith then become righteous so that he can do good works. In essence, one follows the other. However, we do not discuss the one versus the other, as we look at them as a total unit. We believe that they are in union with one another; one cannot exist without the other in order to achieve salvation. It is up to us to commit to and acquire faith through God's mercy, so that we will see the need and have the will to do good works and deeds of righteousness, in the hope we will obtain God's final grace as the last Judgment. Good works is "a necessary consequence of a faith-filled heart," but it is only part of the requirement of salvation. One cannot skip from justification of a faith-filled heart directly to the final step of being saved without performing good works and deeds of righteousness. The two are intimately linked, which allows believers to be assured of salvation through a changed heart and changed actions. —A.S. Bogeatzes Lutheran Churches and Reformed Churches[edit] The Lutheran and Reformed principle of sola fide states that no matter what a person's action, salvation comes through faith alone. Ephesians 2:8–9 reads, "For by grace ye are saved through faith: and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: not of works, lest any man should boast." (KJV) According to the Lutheran and Reformed tradition, salvation is God's gift at God's sole prerogative. Were it achieved by works, men could take pride in their efforts toward holiness, and God's gift of grace would be diminished in contrast to man's efforts. On the other hand, Paul says that God's chosen one who has been made holy by grace must show faith by actually loving (see Galatians 5:6) and in this way obeying the law, i.e., the law or commandment of Christ and his Spirit (see Romans 8:2).[10] In line with this, a more works-orientated perspective is presented by the Epistle of James, which concludes that "faith without works is dead" (James 2:26). By works the author here appears to include both acts of charity and righteousness according to the "laws of the Spirit" (Romans 8:2), as opposed to Mosaic Law. The sola fide view holds that James is not saying that a person is saved by works and not by genuine faith, but that genuine faith will produce good deeds, however, only faith in Christ saves.[11] Methodist Churches[edit] With regard to good works, A Catechism on the Christian Religion: The Doctrines of Christianity with Special Emphasis on Wesleyan Concepts teaches:[12] ...after a man is saved and has genuine faith, his works are important if he is to keep justified. 146) James 2:20-22, "But wilt thou known, O vain main, that faith without (apart from) works is dead? Was not Abraham our father justified by works, when he had offered Isaac his son upon the altar? Seest thou faith wrought with works, and by works was faith made perfect?[12] The Methodist Churches affirm the doctrine of justification by faith, but in Wesleyan–Arminian theology, justification refers to "pardon, the forgiveness of sins", rather than "being made actually just and righteous", which Methodists believe is accomplished through sanctification.[13][14] John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Churches, taught that the keeping of the moral law contained in the Ten Commandments,[15] as well as engaging in the works of piety and the works of mercy, were "indispensable for our sanctification".[16] Wesley understood faith as a necessity for salvation, even calling it “the sole condition” of salvation, in the sense that it led to justification, the beginning point of salvation. At the same time, “as glorious and honorable as [faith] is, it is not the end of the commandment. God hath given this honor to love alone” (“The Law Established through Faith II,” §II.1). Faith is “an unspeakable blessing” because “it leads to that end, the establishing anew the law of love in our hearts” (“The Law Established through Faith II,” §II.6) This end, the law of love ruling in our hearts, is the fullest expression of salvation; it is Christian perfection. —Amy Wagner[17] Methodist soteriology emphasize the importance of the pursuit of holiness in salvation.[18] Thus, for Methodists, "true faith...cannot subsist without works".[16] Bishop Scott J. Jones in United Methodist Doctrine writes that in Methodist theology:[19] Faith is necessary to salvation unconditionally. Good works are necessary only conditionally, that is if there is time and opportunity. The thief on the cross in Luke 23:39-43 is Wesley's example of this. He believed in Christ and was told, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise." This would be impossible if the good works that are the fruit of genuine repentance and faith were unconditionally necessary for salvation. The man was dying and lacked time; his movements were confined and he lacked opportunity. In his case, faith alone was necessary. However, for the vast majority of human beings good works are necessary for continuance in faith because those persons have both the time and opportunity for them.[19] ———————————————— εργασία • (ergasía) f (plural εργασίες) job, profession, work Θα ήθελα να συγχαρώ την Susan για την εξαιρετική εργασία που έχει εκτελέσει. Tha íthela na syncharó tin Susan gia tin exairetikí ergasía pou échei ektelései. I would like to congratulate Susan for the excellent work that she has done. task

Answer 562

FEEL νιώθω • (niótho) (past ένιωσα, passive —) feel νιώθω ντροπή ― niótho dropí ― I feel ashamed νοιώθω • (noiótho) (past ένοιωσα, passive —) Alternative form of νιώθω (niótho) how you feel about me. πως νιώθεις για μένα How i feel about you πώς νιώθω για σένα ξέρω πώς νιώθω για σένα i know how i feel about you I know how you feel about me. ξέρω πώς νιώθεις για μένα. I know how you feel about him. ξέρω πώς νιώθεις γι 'αυτόν. I know how you feel about us. ξέρω πώς αισθάνεστε για εμάς I know how you feel about them. ξέρω πώς νιώθεις γι 'αυτούς we know how they feel about them ξέρουμε πώς αισθάνονται γι 'αυτούς he knows how they feel about us ξέρει πώς αισθάνονται για εμάς i know how we feel about him ξέρω πώς νιώθουμε γι 'αυτόν who knows how we feel about us ποιος ξέρει πώς νιώθουμε για εμάς who knows how we feel about him ποιος ξέρει πώς αισθανόμαστε γι 'αυτόν who knows how you feel about us ποιος ξέρει πώς αισθάνεστε για εμάς

Answer 563

EXAMINE - VISITOR VISIT - VISITOR επισκέπτομαι From Ancient Greek ἐπισκέπτομαι (“examine”). Morphologically, from επι- (“over”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). Also: visit (to go and meet or see) ``` σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) I look at, examine I examine, consider, think (rarely) I think, deem I prepare, premeditate ``` ``` σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree ``` From σκέπτομαι (“to consider”) +‎ -σῐς (abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). σκεπτῐκός • (skeptikós) m (feminine σκεπτῐκή, neuter σκεπτῐκόν); first/second declension thoughtful, inquiring (philosophy, in the plural, substantive) a sceptic, a member of the school of thought founded by Pyrrho of Elis σκεπτικός • (skeptikós) m (feminine σκεπτική, neuter σκεπτικό) contemplative, meditative, thoughtful συσκέπτομαι • (sysképtomai) deponent (past συσκέφθηκα) I am in conference Synonym: διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) Morphologically, from συ- (συν-) (“with, co-”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). διασκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) deponent (past διασκέφθηκα) I am in conference From Koine Greek διασκέπτομαι (“examine all around”). Morphologically, from δια- (“through”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). συνδιασκέπτομαι • (syndiasképtomai) deponent (past συνδιασκέφθηκα) I am in conference along with others Morphologically, from συν- (“co-, plus”) +‎ δια- (“through”) +‎ σκέπτομαι (“think”). ἄσκεπτος • (áskeptos) m or f (neuter ἄσκεπτον); second declension inconsiderate, unreflecting unconsidered, unobserved unseen, hidden too small to be observed, negligible From ἀ- (a-, not) +‎ σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to see”). σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”) ἀδῐᾰσκέπτως (adiasképtōs, “inconsiderately”) δῐᾰ́σκεμμᾰ n (diáskemma, “observation”) δῐᾰσκεπτέον (diaskeptéon, “one must consider”) δῐᾰσκεπτῐκός (diaskeptikós, “cautious, considerate”) δῐᾰ́σκεψῐς f (diáskepsis, “inspection, examination”) προδῐᾰσκέπτομαι (prodiasképtomai, “examine well beforehand”) διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”) συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”) τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”) ———————————————- επισκέπτης • (episképtis) m (plural επισκέπτες, feminine επισκέπτρια) visitor, guest επισκέπτης καθηγητής ― episképtis kathigitís ― visiting professor district nurse επίσκεψη • (epískepsi) f (plural επισκέψεις) visit. Σας υπενθυμίζω την επίσκεψη του Δαλάι Λάμα στις 31 Μαΐου στις Βρυξέλλες. Sas ypenthymízo tin epískepsi tou Dalái Láma stis 31 Maḯou stis Vryxélles. Let me remind you of the Dalai Lama’s visit to Brussels on 31 May. επισκέπτομαι • (episképtomai) deponent (past επισκέφτηκα/επισκέφθηκα) (επισκέφθηκα is formal) visit (to go and meet or see) επισκεπτήριο • (episkeptírio) n (plural επισκεπτήρια) visiting hour(s) (by extension) visitor(s) (during visitor hours) visiting card, card επισκέπτρια • (episképtria) f (plural επισκέπτριες, masculine επισκέπτης) visitor district nurse, community nurse αντεπίσκεψη f (antepískepsi, “return visit”) επισκέπτης m (episképtis, “visitor”) επισκέπτομαι (episképtomai, “to visit”) επισκέπτρια f (episképtria, “district nurse, visitor”) βιβλίο επισκεπτών n (vivlío episkeptón, “visitors' book, guest book”) επίσκεψη f (epískepsi, “visit, visitor”) επισκέπτομαι (episképtomai, “to visit”) —————————————————- πελάτης m (pelátis, “hotel guest, patron, customer”) πελάτης • (pelátis) m (plural πελάτες, feminine πελάτισσα) customer, client, patient patron, customer, guest (of hotel, cafe, etc) πελατεία • (pelateía) f (uncountable) patronage, clientele custom (customers) practice (medical, law, etc) πελάτισσα • (pelátissa) f (plural πελάτισσες, masculine πελάτης) female customer, client, patient

Answer 564

EPISCOPAL (from epi- (over) + scopos (see) OVERSEER episcopal relating to or referring to the bishop or diocese (religion) Anglican (substantiated) episcopal ἐπίσκοπος Noun (“bishop”) Hellenistic common bishop (similar meaning) επισκοπική εκκλησία Episcopal Church episcopal (adj.) mid-15c., "belonging to or characteristic of bishops," from Late Latin episcopalis, from Latin episcopus "an overseer" (see bishop). Reference to a church governed by bishops is 1752. With a capital E-, the ordinary designation of the Anglican church in the U.S. and Scotland, so called because its bishops are superior to other clergy. Chambers' "Cyclopaedia" (1751) has episcopicide "the murdering of a bishop."

Answer 565

UNIT - CELL - ELEMENT στοιχείο • (stoicheío) n (plural στοιχεία) unit, element, cell (a portion of a whole) (chemistry) element (sciences, mathematics) item of data, piece of information (typography) letter, piece of type (electricity) cell, battery (statistics) subset of a population ————————————————— στοιχεῖον • (stoikheîon) n (genitive στοιχείου); second declension (properly) one of a row: (in the sun-dial) the shadow of the gnomon, which advances regularly hour after hour (generally) one of a series, a component part, an element: a simple sound of the voice, as the first element of language; an elementary sound, as distinct from a letter (γράμμα, grámma) (physics, usually in the plural) any one of the component parts of matter, an element (Aristotelianism) the material cause of a thing, as opposed to the formal or motive cause (ἀρχή, arkhḗ) (in the plural) the elements of knowledge and the sciences (geometry) points, lines, surfaces (arithmetic) units (grammar) parts of speech (logic) the major premisses of syllogisms (rhetoric) commonplaces (generally) a simple or elementary principle (in later writers) a planet (especially) a sign of the Zodiac

Answer 566

AGONY αγωνία • (agonía) f (plural αγωνίες) impatience, anxiety agony, anguish ᾰ̓γών • (agṓn) m (genitive ᾰ̓γῶνος); third declension a gathering, an assembly a contest, competition ἀγών (ἀgón) drudgery (of an event or match) As in Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”). Corresponding noun of Ancient Greek ἀγείρω (“to gather”) with later senses from ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”). Confer Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “troop, gang, flock, tribe, assembly, company”) Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (agorā́, “assembly”) Sanskrit ग्राम (grāma, “multitude, troop, assembly, collective”) Sanskrit आजि (ājí, “race, competition, battle”). ——————————————— ᾰ̓́γω • (ágō) (transitive) To lead, fetch, bring along (a living creature), take with (transitive) To carry off as captives or booty (transitive) To guide, command (an army, a ship); to march in war (transitive) To draw out (a line, wall, and so on) (geometry) To draw (a line) or describe (a plane) (transitive) To hold (an event); to celebrate or observe (festival) (transitive) To weigh down a scale by a certain amount, to have a certain weight (middle) I take for myself —————————————— ``` ἀγωνίᾱ • (agōníā) f (genitive ἀγωνίᾱς); first declension Noun contest, struggle for victory gymnastic exercise (of the mind) agony, anguish ``` —————————————— αγώνας m (agónas, “struggle, match”) ``` αγώνας • (agónas) m (plural αγώνες) fight, efforts, struggle (capitalised): the Greek War of Independence Ο Αγώνας, Ο Αγώνας του 1821 (sports) race, game, match (plural): the Games ο ολυμπιακοί αγώνες (the Olympic Games) ``` προκριματικός αγώνας m (prokrimatikós agónas, “heat, preliminary race”) ————————————————— αγών m (agón, “struggle, match”) αγωνία f (agonía, “anxiety, impatience”) αγωνίζομαι (agonízomai, “to struggle, to fight”) αγώνισμα n (agónisma, “event”) αγωνιστής m (agonistís, “fighter, breadwinner”) αγωνιστικός (agonistikós, “fighting, playing”) αγωνιστικότητα f (agonistikótita, “aggression, fighting spirit”) αγωνίστρια f (agonístria, “fighter”) αγωνιώ (agonió, “to be anxious, to be impatient”) αγωνιώδης (agoniódis, “anxious, anguished”) ανταγωγή f (antagogí, “cross action”) ανταγωνισμός m (antagonismós, “competition, rivalry”) ανταγωνιστής m (antagonistís, “competitor, rival”) ανταγωνιστικός (antagonistikós, “competitive”) ανταγωνιστικότητα f (antagonistikótita, “competitiveness”) ανταγωνίστρια f (antagonístria, “competitor, rival”) διαγωνιζόμενος (diagonizómenos, “competitor”, participle) διαγώνισμα m (diagónisma, “exampls”) διαγωνισμός m (diagonismós, “competition, examination”) διαγωνιζόμενος m (diagonizómenos, “candidate, examinee, contestant”) διαγωνιζόμενη f (diagonizómeni, “candidate, examinee, contestant”) —————————————————- ``` Verb αγωνίζομαι • (agonízomai) deponent (past αγωνίστηκα) fight, contend struggle (sports) play, match ``` Verb ανταγωνίζομαι • (antagonízomai) deponent (past ανταγωνίστηκα) compete against, compete with, rival struggle (to overcome) from αντ- (“against”) +‎ αγωνίζομαι (“struggle”). ———————————————- Verb διαγωνίζομαι • (diagonízomai) deponent (past διαγωνίστηκα) to compete, take part in a competition or examination from δια- (“through”) +‎ αγωνίζομαι (“struggle”). δῐᾰγωνῐ́ζομαι • (diagōnízomai) contend, struggle or fight against fight desperately, contend earnestly From δῐᾰ- (“across”) +‎ ᾰ̓γωνῐ́ζομαι (“contend for a prize”) —————————————————— διαγώνισμα • (diagónisma) n (plural διαγωνίσματα) (education) test, examination (at secondary/high school level) ——————————————————- ``` Noun διαγωνισμός • (diagonismós) m (plural διαγωνισμοί) competition competitive examination (colloquial) examination, exam, test ``` ——————————————————— Noun διαγωνιζόμενος • (diagonizómenos) m (plural διαγωνιζόμενοι, feminine διαγωνιζόμενη) contestant candidate (for examination) ———————————————- Noun διαγωνιζόμενη • (diagonizómeni) f (plural διαγωνιζόμενες, masculine διαγωνιζόμενος) (“contestant”) candidate (for examination) Participle of διαγωνίζομαι (diagonízomai, “to be examined”)

Answer 567

EXAMINE From ἐξ- (“from”) +‎ ἐτάζω (“examine, test”) = ἐτός (true) ἐτάζω Denominative verb of ἐτός (etós, “true”). ἐτάζω • (etázō) to examine, test Denominative of ἐτός (etós, “true”). ``` εξέταση • (exétasi) f (plural εξετάσεις) examination, investigation (generally) of plans, accounts, objects, etc (education) examination, exam (law) examination (of witness) (medicine) examination (of patient) ``` εξέταση examination, exam, test, inquiry, survey, observation ἐξέτᾰσῐς • (exétasis) f (genitive ἐξετᾰ́σεως); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) cloese examination, scrutiny, test, inquiry military inspection or review arrangement, order From ἐξετᾰ́ζω (“to examine, scrutinize, review”) +‎ -σῐς (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). Verb εξετάζω • (exetázo) (past εξέτασα, passive εξετάζομαι) examine, investigate, question Proper noun Ιερά Εξέταση • (Ierá Exétasi) f (historical) the Inquisition, Spanish Inquisition Declension see: ιερός (ierós) and εξέταση (exétasi) Related terms ιεροεξεταστής m (ieroexetastís, “inquisitor”) ``` εξέταση • (exétasi) f (plural εξετάσεις) examination, investigation (generally) of plans, accounts, objects, etc (education) examination, exam (law) examination (of witness) (medicine) examination (of patient) ``` ανεξεταστέος (anexetastéos, “must resit an exam”, adjective) ανεξέταστος (anexétastos, “unexamined”, adjective) εξέταση f (exétasi, “examination”) εξεταστέος (exetastéos, “examinable”) εξεταστής m (exetastís, “examiner”) εξεταστικός (exetastikós, “examining”, adjective) εξετάστρια f (exetástria, “examiner”) Adjective ανεξεταστέος • (anexetastéos) m (feminine ανεξεταστέα, neuter ανεξεταστέο) (education) referred, having to retake or resit an examination Adjective ανεξέταστος • (anexétastos) m (feminine ανεξέταστη, neuter ανεξέταστο) (education) unexamined Adjective εξεταστέος • (exetastéos) m (feminine εξεταστέα, neuter εξεταστέο) examinable Noun m εξεταστής • (exetastís) m (plural εξεταστές, feminine εξετάστρια) examiner Noun f εξετάστρια • (exetástria) f (plural εξετάστριες, masculine εξεταστής) examiner ``` ἐξετασία (exetasía) ἐξέτασις (exétasis) ἐξετασμός (exetasmós) ἐξεταστήριον (exetastḗrion) ἐξεταστής (exetastḗs) ἐξεταστικός (exetastikós) ἔτασις (étasis) ἐτασμός (etasmós) ἐταστής (etastḗs) ``` εξετάζω • (exetázo) (past εξέτασα, passive εξετάζομαι) examine, investigate, question ανεξεταστέος (anexetastéos, “must resit an exam”, adjective) ανεξέταστος (anexétastos, “unexamined”, adjective) εξέταση f (exétasi, “examination”) εξεταστέος (exetastéos, “examinable”) εξεταστής m (exetastís, “examiner”) εξεταστικός (exetastikós, “examining”, adjective) εξετάστρια f (exetástria, “examiner”) Adjective ανεξεταστέος • (anexetastéos) m (feminine ανεξεταστέα, neuter ανεξεταστέο) (education) referred, having to retake or resit an examination Adjective ανεξέταστος • (anexétastos) m (feminine ανεξέταστη, neuter ανεξέταστο) (education) unexamined ``` Noun εξέταση • (exétasi) f (plural εξετάσεις) examination, investigation (generally) of plans, accounts, objects, etc (education) examination, exam (law) examination (of witness) (medicine) examination (of patient) ``` ———————————————- Noun δοκιμή essay, try, test, trial, proof, rehearsal ``` δοκιμάζω (“Try-on, Sample, test”) Translations of try on Verb δοκιμάζω try, test, try on, try out, taste, sample ``` ———————————————— DIA-AGONY-ISM from δια- (“through”) +‎ αγωνίζομαι (“struggle”). διαγωνισμός • (diagonismós) m (plural διαγωνισμοί) competition competitive examination (colloquial) examination, exam, test Noun διαγώνισμα • (diagónisma) n (plural διαγωνίσματα) (education) test, examination (at secondary/high school level) Verb διαγωνίζομαι • (diagonízomai) deponent (past διαγωνίστηκα) to compete, take part in a competition or examination αγωνίζομαι • (agonízomai) deponent (past αγωνίστηκα) fight, contend struggle (sports) play, match Verb ανταγωνίζομαι • (antagonízomai) deponent (past ανταγωνίστηκα) compete against, compete with, rival struggle (to overcome) ``` αγώνας • (agónas) m (plural αγώνες) fight, efforts, struggle (capitalised): the Greek War of Independence Ο Αγώνας, Ο Αγώνας του 1821 (sports) race, game, match (plural): the Games ο ολυμπιακοί αγώνες (the Olympic Games) ``` αγών • (agón) m (plural αγώνες) (Katharevousa) Monotonic spelling of ἀγών (ἀgón) drudgery (of an event or match) Noun ᾰ̓γών • (agṓn) m (genitive ᾰ̓γῶνος); third declension a gathering, an assembly a contest, competition Corresponding noun of Ancient Greek ἀγείρω (ageírō, “to gather”), with later senses from ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”). Confer Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “troop, gang, flock, tribe, assembly, company”); Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (agorā́, “assembly”), Sanskrit ग्राम (grāma, “multitude, troop, assembly, collective”); Sanskrit आजि (ājí, “race, competition, battle”). ``` Noun ἀγωνίᾱ • (agōníā) f (genitive ἀγωνίᾱς); first declension contest, struggle for victory gymnastic exercise (of the mind) agony, anguish ``` Verb ἀγωνίζομαι • (agōnízomai) to contend, compete From ἀγών (agony) +‎ -ίζομαι (passive verb = being antagonized) ``` Noun ᾰ̓γωνῐστής • (agōnistḗs) m (genitive ᾰ̓γωνῐστοῦ); first declension combatant, rival, contestant pleader, advocate actor master struggler, champion ``` From ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai, “I contend for a prize”) from ἀγών (“contest”), +‎ -τής (masculine agentive suffix). αγώνας m (agónas, “struggle, match”) αγών m (agón, “struggle, match”) αγωνία f (agonía, “anxiety, impatience”) αγωνίζομαι (agonízomai, “to struggle, to fight”) αγώνισμα n (agónisma, “event”) αγωνιστής m (agonistís, “fighter, breadwinner”) αγωνιστικός (agonistikós, “fighting, playing”) αγωνιστικότητα f (agonistikótita, “aggression, fighting spirit”) αγωνίστρια f (agonístria, “fighter”) αγωνιώ (agonió, “to be anxious, to be impatient”) αγωνιώδης (agoniódis, “anxious, anguished”) From Ancient Greek ἀγών (agṓn, “assembly, contest”). ανταγωγή f (antagogí, “cross action”) ανταγωνισμός m (antagonismós, “competition, rivalry”) ανταγωνιστής m (antagonistís, “competitor, rival”) ανταγωνιστικός (antagonistikós, “competitive”) ανταγωνιστικότητα f (antagonistikótita, “competitiveness”) ανταγωνίστρια f (antagonístria, “competitor, rival”) and αγωνίζομαι (agonízomai, “struggle”) διαγωνίζομαι (diagonízomai, “compete”) συναγωνίζομαι (synagonízomai) *and see: αγώνας m (agónas, “struggle, match”) αγών m (agón, “struggle, match”) αγωνία f (agonía, “anxiety, impatience”) αγωνίζομαι (agonízomai, “to struggle, to fight”) αγώνισμα n (agónisma, “event”) αγωνιστής m (agonistís, “fighter, breadwinner”) αγωνιστικός (agonistikós, “fighting, playing”) αγωνιστικότητα f (agonistikótita, “aggression, fighting spirit”) αγωνίστρια f (agonístria, “fighter”) αγωνιώ (agonió, “to be anxious, to be impatient”) αγωνιώδης (agoniódis, “anxious, anguished”) Noun αγώνισμα • (agónisma) n (plural αγωνίσματα) competition, contest, event Noun αγωνία • (agonía) f (plural αγωνίες) impatience, anxiety agony, anguish ``` Noun αγώνας • (agónas) m (plural αγώνες) fight, efforts, struggle (capitalised): the Greek War of Independence Ο Αγώνας, Ο Αγώνας του 1821 (sports) race, game, match (plural): the Games ο ολυμπιακοί αγώνες (the Olympic Games) ``` αγωνιστικότητα Etymology αγωνιστικός (agonistikós, “competitive”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). Noun αγωνιστικότητα • (agonistikótita) f (uncountable) militancy, aggression Adjective αγωνιστικός • (agonistikós) m (feminine αγωνιστική, neuter αγωνιστικό) fighting, playing αγωνιστική διάθεση (fighting spirit) You are antagonistic είσαι ανταγωνιστικός He is antagonistic είναι ανταγωνιστικός Adverb αγωνιστικά • (agonistiká) competitively, agonistically He is behaving antagonistically συμπεριφέρεται ανταγωνιστικά φέρομαι • (féromai) passive (past φέρθηκα, active φέρω) to behave φέρομαι • (phéromai) first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of φέρω (phérō) φέρω • (phérō) I bring, bear, carry Verb φέρω • (féro) (past έφερα, passive φέρομαι) bear, carry (decoration, injuries, scars) (passive) → see φέρομαι (féromai) "I behave" αναφέρω (anaféro, “mention, refer”) αποφέρω (apoféro, “yield, produce”) διαφέρω (diaféro, “differ”) εισφέρω (eisféro, “contribute”) εκφέρω (ekféro, “utter”) ενδιαφέρω (endiaféro, “interest”) επαναφέρω (epanaféro, “restore”) επιφέρω (epiféro) καταφέρω (kataféro, “inflict”), καταφέρομαι (kataféromai, “accuse”) μεταφέρω (metaféro, “transfer”) παραφέρομαι (paraféromai, “I behave out of line”) περιφέρω (periféro, “carry around”) > περιφέρεια f (periféreia, “cirumference, periphery”) προαναφέρω (proanaféro, “mention beforhand”) προσφέρω (prosféro, “offer”) προφέρω (proféro, “pronounce”) συμπεριφέρομαι (symperiféromai, “behave”) συμπροφέρω (symproféro, “pronounce together”) συμφέρω (symféro) συνεισφέρω (syneisféro, “contribute”) συνεκφέρω (synekféro, “pronounce together”) υποφέρω (ypoféro, “suffer”) Other related words -and see their derivatives- αυτόφωρο n (aftóforo) φαρέτρα f (farétra) φερέγγυος (feréngyos) φέρελπις (férelpis) φέρετρο n (féretro, “coffin”) φερέφωνο n (feréfono) φερτός (fertós, “redeposited, transferred”) φερώνυμος (ferónymos) φορά n (forá, “impetus; time: occurence”) φοράω (foráo, “I wear”), φορώ (foró) φορείο n (foreío, “stretcher”) -φόρος (-fóros, “carrier”) φόρος m (fóros, “tax, tribute”) φόρτος m (fórtos, “burden”) -φορώ (-foró, suffix for verbs)

Answer 568

THINK I think, ext. prudent, without brief tenses I have the opinion, I believe ``` φρονέω-φρονῶ I am aware I think, I think, I think I have the brakes safe, I'm fine live ``` ἐμὲ τὸν δύστηνον ἔτι φρονέοντ᾽ ἐλέησον: βοήθησέ με τον δύστυχο τόσο εγώ μέχρι ζωήνος agree οἳ ἔτι τὰ ἐκείνου ἐφρόνεον ...: αυτός που μέχρι τότε είναι με το μέρος εκείνου, συμφωνούσαν με εκείνον ... (Ηρόδοτος, Ιστορίαι, 2, 162) μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολλὸν χρόνον τὠυτὸ φρονήσαντες ...: σύντομα συμφώνησαν μεαξύ τους και ... (Ηρόδοτος, Ιστορίαι, 1, 60) φρόνεον I have a purpose, I have an intention, I intend φρονεόντων I have the opinion, I think, I believe ἐφρόνουν I have a mind, logical, I am prudent, prudent ἡ φρονοῡσα φρονέοντα I pay attention to something, I take care of something ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες — light-hearted, merry mind, frisky, whimsical. φρονώ Verb I think I think: translation φρονῶ, -έω, ΝΜΑ I have the opinion, I think, I believe (a. "we do not think the same" b. "I think that Carthage should be destroyed", proverb c. «Ἄλλα φρονεόντων καὶ ἄλλα λεγόντων», Ηρόδ. ) arch. 1. σκέπτομαι, συλλογίζομαι, διανοούμαι («ὅτε ἤμην νήπιος, ὡς νήπιος ἐλάλουν, ὡς νήπιος ἐφρόνουν, ὡς νήπιος ἐλογιζόμην», ΚΔ) 2. I have a mind, logical, I am prudent, prudent ("ἡ φρονοῡσα ἡλικία", Αισχίν.) 3. I keep my brakes safe, I am in my arms ("ἐγὼ δὲ νῡν φρονῶ, τότ 'οὐ φρονῶν", Eur. ) 4. I have a purpose, I have an intention, I intend ("φρόνεον ... ἄστυ ... ἐρύειν", Ομ. Ιλ . ) 5. I take into account, I pay attention, I account 6. (with request πράγματος) I pay attention to something, I take care of something («πολλὰ φρονέοντα μηδενὸς κρατέειν», Ηρόδ. ) 7. (in fr. With various influences) I have this or that other disposition towards someone or something (a. «Φιλα φρονῶ» - I have a friendly disposition, Om. b. «Κρυπτάδια φρονῶ» - I have hidden purposes, Om. Ill. c. "Ἀταλὰ φρονῶ" - I have a happy mood, Om. Ill. ) ἀτάλλω — happy, frisking, merry. ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες — light-hearted. 8. I have wisdom, courage, self-confidence 9. I keep my senses, I am alive («νοῶν καὶ φρονῶν», ins. ) 10. I mean, declare, reveal 11. αποσκοπώ («τοῡτο φρονεῑ ἡμῶν ἡ ἐς τοὺς ὀλίγους ἀγεται», Θουκ . ) 12. (το απρμφ. Ενεστ. Με αρθρ.) Τὸ φρονεῑν wisdom, prudence 13. φρ. a) «εὖ φρονῶ» - I think in the right way ( Herod ) b) «μῶρα φρονῶ» - I think in a foolish way ( Sof. ) c) «πυκνὰ [ή πυκινὰ] φρονῶ» - I have prudent or cunning thoughts (Ομ. Οδ . ) d) «ἄλλῃ φρονῶ» - I have a different opinion e) "ἀρχαϊκὰ φρονῶ" - I have outdated ideas ( Aristof. ) f) "I think" - I share someone's opinion or thoughts ( Herod ) g) "great care" i) I have a high mind, I am courageous ( Om. Il. ) ii) (with bad note) I am arrogant, I am proud ( Sof. ) iii) (for animal) I am full of strength and momentum h) «μεῖζον [ή μέγιστον] φρονῶ» - μεγαλοφρονώ, επαίρομαι ( Σοφ. - Ευρ . ) i) «σμικρὸν φρονῶ» - I have a humble mind, I am a coward ( Sof. - Eur. ) j) "moderate mind" - I am moderate, I think with modesty ( Xen. ) k) "feels nothing feels" - although you are on your mind, you are wise, you are not reasonable ( Aristof. ) ιβ) «ζῶν καὶ φρονῶν» - ζει και έχει σώες τις φρένες επιγρ . m) "ἄγαν φρονεῑν" - I am in favor of due wisdom ( Sof. ) n) "ἐφημέρια φρονῶ" - I think, I care only for today ( Om. Od. ). [ ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < θ. φρον - της ετεροιωμένης βαθμίδας της ρίζα της λ. φρήν , φρενός ].

Answer 569

PONDER σῠλλογῐ́ζομαι • (sullogízomai) (Attic, Koine) to compute, calculate (logic) to conclude from premises, infer (beginning with Aristotle) to infer by using syllogisms, syllogistically (rare) to plan συλλογίζομαι • (syllogízomai) deponent (past συλλογίστηκα) contemplate, ponder, think about, ruminate συλλογισμένος (syllogisménos, participle) συλλογισμός m (syllogismós) συλλογιστικός (syllogistikós) and see: συλλογή f (syllogí, “collection”) ``` σῠλλογή • (sullogḗ) f (genitive σῠλλογῆς); first declension gathering, collecting (of soldiers) raising, levying summary, collection of instances assembly, meeting, summoning of a boule ``` συλλογή • (syllogí) f (plural συλλογές) collection, compilation, assortment, picking From Ancient Greek συλλογή (sullogḗ, “collection”) from συλλέγω (sullégō, “to collect”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + λέγω (légō, “to say”). From συλλέγω (sullégō, “to gather, collect”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix). συλλέγω • (sullégō) to gather, collect, bring together to call together, to raise or levy συλλέγω • (syllégo) (past συνέλεξα, passive συλλέγομαι) collect, gather Synonyms: συγκεντρώνω (sygkentróno), μαζεύω (mazévo), συναθροίζω (synathroízo) (formal) pick fruit from trees or plants gather, accumulate, reposit gather information make a collection of items συλλέγω νομίσματα, γραμματόσημα ― syllégo nomísmata, grammatósima ― I collect coins, stamps From συν- (sun-, “with”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”) νεοσύλλεκτος m (neosýllektos, “recruit”) περισυλλέγω (perisyllégo, “collect, glean”) περισυλλογή f (perisyllogí, “concentration”) πολυσυλλεκτικότητα f (polysyllektikótita, “inclusiveness”) συλλέκτης f (sylléktis, “collector”) & compounds συλλεκτικός (syllektikós, “collecting, collector's”) συλλεκτικότητα f (syllektikótita) συλλογέας m (syllogéas, “collector”) συλλογή f (syllogí, “collection”) and see: λέγω (légo) συλλογίζομαι (syllogízomai, “think, recount”) λέγω • (légo) (past είπα, passive λέγομαι) (formal) Alternative form of λέω (léo) "Ι say"" [edit] From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'choose' αποδιαλέγω (apodialégo, “pick”) (colloquial) διαλέγω (dialégo, “choose”) εκλέγω (eklégo, “elect”) επανεκλέγω (epaneklégo, “reelect”) επιλέγω (epilégo, “choose, pick”) καταλέγομαι (katalégomai, “be included, registered”) ξεδιαλέγω (xedialégo, “pick among”) περισυλλέγω (perisyllégo, “choose, pick”) προεπιλέγω (proepilégo, “choose beforehand”) συγκαταλέγω (sygkatalégo, “include”) συλλέγω (syllégo, “collect”) λέγω • (légō) I say, speak, converse, tell a story (middle passive) I mean All tenses besides present and imperfect are generally limited to Homer and other earlier writers (although they remain in compound words such as ἀπολέγω (apolégō) ἐκλέγω (eklégō) καταλέγω (katalégō)). ``` λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` ᾰπολέγω • (apolégō) to pick out from, to choose (later sense) decline, refuse ————————————————- ``` ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ • (apologíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) a speech made in defense of something ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱν ποιεῖσθαι apologíān poieîsthai to make a defense ``` From ᾰ̓πο- (“back”) +‎ λόγος (“speech”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun–forming suffix). Antonyms κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (katēgoríā) κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ • (katēgoríā) f (genitive κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension charge, accusation (logic) predication, category ``` κατηγορία • (katigoría) f (plural κατηγορίες) category Άρθρα στην κατηγορία «Ουσιαστικά». Árthra stin katigoría «Ousiastiká». Articles in the category “Nouns”. accusation, charge Η κατηγορία εναντίον μας ήταν … I katigoría enantíon mas ítan … The charge against us was … ``` κατηγορώ • (katigoró) (past κατηγόρησα, passive κατηγορούμαι, p‑past κατηγορήθηκα, ppp κατηγορημένος) blame, accuse (law) accuse, charge ``` έγκληση • (égklisi) f (plural εγκλήσεις) accusation (law) indictment Synonyms (accusation): κατηγορία f (katigoría) ``` έγκλιση • (égklisi) f (plural εγκλίσεις) (grammar) grammatical mood, mood (linguistics) enclisis ευκτική f (efktikí, “optative mood”) οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) προστακτική f (prostaktikí, “imperative mood”) υποτακτική f (ypotaktikí, “subjunctive mood”) ἔγκλῐσῐς • (énklisis) f (genitive ἐγκλῐ́σεως); third declension inclination; slope defeat, failure (medicine) displacement (grammar) mood of a verb (grammar) throwing back of the accent or change of acute accent to grave accent[1] (grammar, generally) inflection of derivative forms From ἐγκλίνω (enklínō, “to incline”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). αλληλοκατηγορία f (allilokatigoría, “recrimination”) and see: κατηγορώ (katigoró, “to accuse”) αβανιά f (avaniá, “false accusation”) αβανιά • (avaniá) f (plural αβανιές) defamation, slander (colloquial) false accusation αβανεύω (avanévo, “to defame”) αβανιάζω (avaniázo, “to defame”) αβανιάρης (avaniáris, “defamatory”) αβανεύω • (avanévo) (past αβάνιασα) (colloquial) defame, malign, slander, blacken Synonyms: κακολογώ (kakologó), αβανιάζω (avaniázo), δυσφημώ (dysfimó) αβανιάζω • (avaniázo) (past αβάνιασα) (colloquial) defame, malign, slander, blacken Synonyms: κακολογώ (kakologó), αβανεύω (avanévo), δυσφημώ (dysfimó) κακολογώ • (kakologó) (past κακολόγησα, passive κακολογούμαι) defame, malign, blacken Synonyms: δυσφημώ (dysfimó), αβανιάζω (avaniázo) αιτιάζομαι • (aitiázomai) deponent found only in the present tense blame, be blamed κατηγορούμαι • (katigoroúmai) passive (past κατηγορήθηκα, ppp κατηγορημένος, active κατηγορώ) I am accused αιτιώμαι • (aitiómai) deponent found only in the present tense (transitive) blame (transitive) justify αίτιος • (aítios) m (feminine αίτια, neuter αίτιο) responsible for, causative αιτιολόγηση f (aitiológisi, “justification, rationale”) αιτιολογία f (aitiología, “explanation”) αιτιολογικό n (aitiologikó, “grounds, reason, explanation”) αιτιολογικός (aitiologikós, “aetiological”) αιτιολογώ (aitiologó, “to justify”) αιτιώμαι (aitiómai, “to blame”) αιτιότητα f (aitiótita, “causality”) αιτιώδης (aitiódis, “causal”) αιτιατό n (aitiató, “effect”) αιτιατός (aitiatós, “effected”) αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension causing, being the author of, responsible for to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable From *αἶτος (*aîtos, “share”) +‎ -ιος (-ios) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s, from *h₂ey- (“to give”). αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (genitive αἰτίου); second declension defendant, the accused, culprit αἰτέω • (aitéō) (usually transitive) to ask for, crave, demand, beg [+accusative = something], [+two accusatives = something from someone]; or with object omitted (transitive) to ask for [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something] (logic, transitive) to postulate, assume (middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one's own use or purpose, to claim (passive, of persons) to have a thing begged of one (of things) to be asked for αἰτητός • (aitētós) m (feminine αἰτητή, neuter αἰτητόν); first/second declension asked for, requested From αἰτέω (“to ask”) +‎ -τος (Creates perfective passive verbal adjectives). διαιτάω • (diaitáō) to treat (handle, deal with or behave towards in a specific way) (in the mediopassive) to lead one’s life, live to arbitrate, regulate to reconcile From δια- (through, across) + αἰτέω (to ask) DIET δῐ́αιτᾰ • (díaita) f (genitive δῐαίτης); first declension way of living, way of life, mode of life, lifestyle accommodation, residence dwelling, abode refuge, retreat, lair of an animal a room (separate part of a building, enclosed by walls, a floor, and a ceiling) (medicine) prescribed manner of life, health regimen state, condition, situation sustenance, food (at Athens and elsewhere) arbitration the office of arbiter discussion, investigation, enquiry, research ``` Etymology From the Ancient Greek δίαιτα (díaita). Noun δίαιτα • (díaita) f (plural δίαιτες) (nutrition) diet fast, low calorie diet Declension declension of δίαιτα Related terms διαιτολόγος c (diaitológos, “dietician”) διαιτητική f (diaititikí, “dietetics”) διαιτολόγιο n (diaitológio, “diet”) See also διατροφή f (diatrofí, “nutrition”) διαιτητεύω (diaititévo, “to arbitrate”) νηστεία f (nisteía, “fast”) ``` ``` ἁβροδίαιτος (habrodíaitos) δῐαιτάρχης (diaitárkhēs) δῐαίτημᾰ (diaítēma) δῐαιτημᾰτώδης (diaitēmatṓdēs) δῐαιτήσιμος (diaitḗsimos) δῐαίτησῐς (diaítēsis) δῐαιτητέον (diaitētéon) δῐαιτητήρῐον (diaitētḗrion) δῐαιτητής (diaitētḗs) δῐαιτητῐκόν (diaitētikón) δῐαιτητῐκός (diaitētikós) δῐαιτητός (diaitētós) δῐαιτοχορηγῐ́ᾱ (diaitokhorēgíā) δῐαίτωμᾰ (diaítōma) ἰσοδίαιτος (isodíaitos) ``` ———————————— FASTING ``` νηστεία • (nisteía) f (plural νηστείες) fast (period of eating no food, little food or avoiding certain dietary items) η νηστεία της Μεγάλης Εβδομάδας i nisteía tis Megális Evdomádas the Holy Week fast ``` νηστεύω • (nistévo) (past νήστεψα, passive —) fast (religious) abstain from something, fast νηστεύω • (nēsteúō) I fast, abstain from food From νῆστις (nêstis, “fasting”) +‎ -εύω (form a denominative verb of condition or activity: meaning "be x" or "do what x typically does"). νηστικός • (nistikós) m (feminine νηστική or νηστικιά, neuter νηστικό) hungry, unfed, famished ανήστευτος • (anísteftos) m (feminine ανήστευτη, neuter ανήστευτο) (Eastern Orthodoxy) (food) permitted whilst fasting Fasting (Νηστεία) Description DescriptionFasting is the willful refrainment from eating. In a physiological context, fasting may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight, or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Several metabolic adjustments occur during fasting. Related terms νηστεύω (nistévo, “to fast”) δίαιτα f (díaita, “diet”) Μεγάλη Νηστεία (Megáli Nisteía, “Great Lent”) ``` Σαρακοστή • (Sarakostí) f (religion) Lent Declension declension of Σαρακοστή Synonyms Μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή f (Megáli Tessarakostí) ``` Great Lent (Μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή) Church feast Description DescriptionGreat Lent, or the Great Fast, is the most important fasting season in the church year in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Byzantine Rite Lutheran Churches and the Eastern Catholic Churches, which prepares Christians for the greatest feast of the church year, Pascha. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lent Great Lent, or the Great Fast, (Greek: Μεγάλη Τεσσαρακοστή or Μεγάλη Νηστεία) The purpose of Great Lent is to prepare the faithful to not only commemorate, but to enter into the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus. The totality of the Byzantine Rite life centers around the Resurrection.[2] Great Lent is intended to be a "workshop" where the character of the believer is spiritually uplifted and strengthened; where his life is rededicated to the principles and ideals of the Gospel; where fasting and prayer culminate in deep conviction of life; where apathy and disinterest turn into vigorous activities of faith and good works. The Church Fathers have referred to fasting without prayer as "the fast of the demons" since the demons do not eat according to their incorporeal nature, but neither do they pray. πεινασμένος • (peinasménos) m (feminine πεινασμένη, neuter πεινασμένο) hungry Passive participle of πεινάω, πεινώ (“I am hungry”), a verb with no passive voice. πεινᾰ́ω • (peináō) to be hungry (with genitive) to hunger after (figuratively) to hunger after, long for, crave after πεινάω/πεινώ • (peináo/peinó) (past πείνασα, passive —, ppp πεινασμένος) be hungry, be famished πείνα f (peína, “hunger”) πείνα • (peína) f (plural πείνες) hunger, famine, starvation πεινώ • (peinó) less frequent form of πεινάω (peináo) Synonyms λιμός m (limós) Learnedly, from Ancient Greek λιμός (limós, “hunger, famine”). λοιμός (loimós) ("epidemic") λοιμός • (loimós) m (plural λοιμοί) (medicine) epidemic, plague λοιμοκαθαρτήριο n (loimokathartírio, “quarantine”) λοίμωξη f (loímoxi, “infection”) λοιμώδης (loimódis, “infectious”) ουρολοίμωξη f (ouroloímoxi) λοιμός • (loimós) m (genitive λοιμοῦ); second declension plague, pestilence, any deadly infectious disorder (of person) a plague, a pest (as adjective) pestilent Of unknown etymon. The forms λιμός (limós), λοιγός (loigós) have been considered as suggestions.[1]Compare λύμη (lúmē), λύμα (lúma), λυμαίνομαι (lumaínomai) λῑμός • (līmós) m or f (genitive λῑμοῦ); second declension famine, hunger, starvation Synonym: πεῖνα (peîna) βούλῑμος • (boúlīmos) m or f (genitive βουλῑ́μου); second declension ravenous hunger From βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) +‎ λῑμός (līmós, “hunger”). λῑμηρός • (līmērós) m (feminine λῑμηρᾱ́, neuter λῑμηρόν); first/second declension hungry, causing hunger Etymology 2 From λῐμήν (limḗn, “harbour, port”) +‎ -ρός (-adjective). Adjective λῐμηρός • (limērós) m (feminine λῐμηρᾱ́, neuter λῐμηρόν); first/second declension furnished with a good harbour λοιγός • (loigós) m (genitive λοιγοῦ); second declension Noun destruction, ruin Adjective λοιγός • (loigós) m or f (neuter λοιγόν); second declension Synonym of λοίγιος (loígios): deadly, pestilent (epithet of Mars (Ares) ἀθηρηλοιγός m (athērēloigós, “consumer of chaff”) βροτολοιγός (brotoloigós, “bane of man”) βροτολοιγός • (brotoloigós) m or f (neuter βροτολοιγόν); second declension bane of men, plague of man, epithet of Mars (Ares) βροτολοιγός ἔρως ― brotoloigós érōs ― love which consumes men From βροτός (brotós, “mortal”) + λοίγιος (loígios) / λοιγός (“deadly”). ``` λύμη • (lúmē) f (genitive λύμης); first declension brutal outrage maltreatment, defilement maiming (in plural) outrages, indignities ``` λοιμοκαθαρτήριο n (loimokathartírio, “quarantine”) λοίμωξη f (loímoxi, “infection”) λοιμώδης (loimódis, “infectious”) ουρολοίμωξη f (ouroloímoxi) λῑμός • (līmós) m or f (genitive λῑμοῦ); second declension famine, hunger, starvation Synonym: πεῖνα (peîna) βροτός • (brotós) m or f (genitive βροτοῦ); second declension (poetic) mortal man, human being (often in plural) Antonym θεός (theós), ἀθάνατος (athánatos) ``` From Proto-Hellenic *mrətós from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós or *mr̥tós (“dead, mortal”), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”). Cognates include Sanskrit मृत (mṛtá), Old Armenian մարդ (mard), Latin mortuus, Old Church Slavonic мрътвъ (mrŭtvŭ), Persian مرد‎ (mard) and ``` Old English morþ. morþ n (poetic) death, crime murder From Proto-Germanic *murþą, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead”). Cognate with Old Saxon morð, Dutch moord, Old High German mord (German Mord), Old Norse morð (Swedish mord). The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”) (earlier *μροτός (*mrotós)), Latin mortis (genitive of mors (“death”)), Old Church Slavonic мрѣти (mrěti) (Russian мере́ть (merétʹ)), Lithuanian mirtis (“death”). Compare Old English morþor. morþor n murder great sin or crime, enormity From Proto-Germanic *murþrą (Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr), Old Norse myrða), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥-tro-, from *mr̥- (“die”), *mer- (Latin mors, Old Irish marb). Compare morþ. Descendants Middle English: morther English: murder Latin: mors f (genitive mortis); third declension death corpse annihilation From Proto-Italic *mortis from Proto-Indo-European *mértis (“death”) from *mer- (“to die”). source of Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”) (earlier *μροτός (*mrotós) mortuus (feminine mortua, neuter mortuum); first/second-declension adjective dead, having died. decayed, withered (figuratively) faint, overwhelmed. πεῖνᾰ • (peîna) f (genitive πείνης); first declension hunger, famine, starvation Synonym: λιμός (limós) hunger or longing for a thing πεινᾰ́ω • (peináō) to be hungry (with genitive) to hunger after (figuratively) to hunger after, long for, crave after From πεῖνᾰ (peîna, “hunger”) +‎ -ᾰ́ω (-verb). Verb πεινάω/πεινώ • (peináo/peinó) (past πείνασα, passive —, ppp πεινασμένος) be hungry, be famished

Answer 570

ILLUSION From ψευδής (false) + αίσθηση (sense) ψευδής • (pseudḗs) m or f (neuter ψευδές); third declension lying, false, untrue Synonym: ψυδρός (psudrós) deceived, beguiled From the root of ψεύδω (pseúdō, “to lie”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). ψεύδω • (pseúdō) (active) to lie, deceive (middle, indirect reflexive) to lie for one's own benefit, cheat by lies (passive) to be lied to, be cheated (non-agentive)[2] to be mistaken, be wrong ψύθος (psúthos, “lie, untruth”), ψυθῶνες (psuthônes, “slanderers”) ψῠ́θος • (psúthos) n (genitive ψῠ́θεος); third declension lie, untruth Related to ψυδρός (psudrós, “false”) and ψεύδομαι (pseúdomai, “to lie; to be mistaken, false”) ``` αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing Perception by the intellect as well as the senses That which is perceived: scent Ability to perceive: discernment Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn illusion (n.) mid-14c., "mockery, scorning, derision;" late 14c., "act of deception; deceptive appearance, apparition; delusion of the mind," from Old French illusion "a mocking, deceit, deception" (12c.) from Latin illusionem (nominative illusio) "a mocking, jesting, jeering; irony," from past-participle stem of illudere "mock at," literally "to play with," from assimilated form of in- "at, upon" (from PIE root *en "in") + ludere "to play" (see ludicrous). Sense of "deceptive appearance" first developed in Church Latin. Related: Illusioned "full of illusions" (1920). Verb ludere (obsolete) to play ``` lūdō (present infinitive lūdere, perfect active lūsī, supine lūsum); third conjugation I play (a game or sport). Synonym: iocō I frolic, behave playfully. I practice, amuse myself with. I sport, play amorously. I mock, mimic. I tease, ridicule. I deceive, trick. ``` ``` Derived terms ablūdō allūdō antelūdium collūdō dēlūdō ēlūdō illūdō interlūdō lūdibundus lūdicer lūdus lūsus oblūdō perlūdō praelūdō prōlūdō relūdō ``` from Proto-Indo-European *leyd- (“to play”) lūdus m (genitive lūdī); second declension school game, sport, play (in plural) public spectacle, games, stage plays/productions fun ludar (present tense ludas, past tense ludis, future tense ludos, imperative ludez, conditional ludus) (intransitive, games, sports) to play (with) to gamble ludicrous (adj.) 1610s, "pertaining to play or sport" (a sense now obsolete), from Latin ludicrus "sportive" (source of Old French ludicre) from ludicrum "amusement, game, toy, source of amusement, joke," from ludere "to play." This verb, along with Latin ludus "a game, play," is from the PIE root *leid- or *loid- "to play," perhaps literally "to let go frequently" [de Vaan], which is the source also of Middle Irish laidid "impels;" Greek lindesthai "to contend," lizei "plays;" Albanian lind "gives birth," lindet "is born;" Old Lithuanian leidmi "I let," Lithuanian leisti "to let," laidyti "to throw," Latvian laist "let, publish, set in motion." Sense of "ridiculous, apt to evoke ridicule or jest" is attested from 1782. Related: Ludicrously; ludicrousness. from Old English pleġan and Old English plegian pleagian, plagian (“to play, exercise, etc.”) ``` Old English: plegian to play to play a game to play with to play or mess with a person; toy to make fun of; mock to play on an instrument to divert or amuse oneself; occupy or busy oneself to frolic to act (perform a theatrical role) to exercise to move rapidly to strive after to contend; fight to clap one's hands to cohabit (with) ``` ``` Proto-West Germanic From *plegō (“an exercise, game”) +‎ *-ōn. Suffix *-ōn Creates denominative verbs from nouns. Creates factitive verbs from adjectives. ``` Middle English pleiȝen Alternative form of pleyen (“to play”) mock (v.) mid-15c., mokken, "make fun of," also "to trick, delude, make a fool of; treat with scorn, treat derisively or contemptuously;" from Old French mocquer "deride, jeer," a word of unknown origin. Perhaps from Vulgar Latin *muccare "to blow the nose" (as a derisive gesture) from Latin mucus or possibly from Middle Dutch mocken "to mumble" or Middle Low German mucken "grumble." Perhaps ultimately it is imitative of such speech. Related: Mocked; mocking. Replaced Old English bysmerian. The sense of "imitate, simulate, resemble closely" (1590s, as in mockingbird ; also see mock (adj.)) is from the notion of derisive imitation. mockery (n.) early 15c., mokkerie, "act of derision or scorn; ridicule, disparagement; a delusion, sham, pretense," from Old French mocquerie "sneering, mockery, sarcasm" (13c., Modern French moquerie), from moquer (see mock (v.)). From mid-15c. as "joking, making mischievous pleasantries." Mockage also was common 16c.-17c. Related entries & more derision (n.) "ridicule, mockery, subjection to ridicule or mockery," c. 1400\from Old French derision "derision, mockery" (13c.) from Latin derisionem (nominative derisio) "a laughing to scorn, mockery," noun of action from past-participle stem of deridere "ridicule," from de "down" (see de-) + ridere "to laugh" (see risible). risible (adj.) 1550s, "given to laughter," from French risible (14c.) and directly from Late Latin risibilis "laughable, able to laugh," from Latin risus, past participle of ridere "to laugh," a word which, according to de Vaan, "has no good PIE etymology." Meaning "capable of exciting laughter, comical" is from 1727. LATIN: ridere (intransitive) to laugh (transitive) to laugh at rīdeō (present infinitive rīdēre, perfect active rīsī, supine rīsum); second conjugation (intransitive) I laugh. (transitive) I laugh at, ridicule, mock. dērīdeō (present infinitive dērīdēre, perfect active dērīsī, supine dērīsum); second conjugation I laugh at, mock, make fun of, deride. From dē- +‎ rīdeō (“laugh; ridicule”). subrīdeō (present infinitive subrīdēre, perfect active subrīsī, supine subrīsum); second conjugation I smile. From sub- (“below, under”) +‎ rīdeō (“laugh”). rīdiculus (feminine rīdicula, neuter rīdiculum, adverb rīdiculē); first/second-declension adjective laughable, funny, amusing silly, absurd, ridiculous From rīdeō (“laugh; mock”) +‎ -icus (“-ish”) +‎ -ulus (“diminutive”). perrīdiculus (feminine perrīdicula, neuter perrīdiculum, adverb perrīdiculē); first/second-declension adjective very ridiculous or hilarious ``` From per (“through”) + rīdiculus (“absurd, ridiculous”) from rīdeō (“to laugh; mock”). ``` rīdiculē (comparative rīdiculius, superlative rīdiculissimē) laughably, amusingly absurdly, ridiculously Adjective rīdibundus (feminine rīdibunda, neuter rīdibundum); first/second-declension adjective laughing -bundus (feminine -bunda, neuter -bundum); first/second-declension suffix Derives adjectives with an active or transitive meaning, sometimes even taking a direct object. ‎cantō (“sing”) + ‎-bundus → ‎cantābundus (“singing”) ‎furō (“rave, rage”) + ‎-bundus → ‎furibundus (“raging, mad, furious”) ‎morior (“die”) + ‎-bundus → ‎moribundus (“dying; mortal”) ‎populor (“ravage, lay waste to”) + ‎-bundus → ‎populābundus (“laying waste, ravaging”) ``` Latin: populor populor (present infinitive populārī, perfect active populātus sum); first conjugation, deponent I lay waste, ravage or devastate I plunder or pillage I destroy or ruin ``` Populōnia f sg (genitive Populōniae); first declension an epithet of Juno From populor (“I lay waste”, “I ravage”, “I devastate”) +‎ -ōnia Juno (Roman mythology) The queen of the gods, equivalent of the Greek Hera. (astronomy) 3 Juno, the third main belt asteroid discovered. Etymology There are two hypotheses: From Proto-Indo-European *dyúh₃onh₂-, *dyúh₃nh₂- (“having heavenly authority”) from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) + *-Hō (“burden, authority”) rendering Iuvō, *Iūnis, normalized to Iūnō, Iūnōnis. See Ancient Greek Διώνη (Diṓnē, “Dione”); From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yúh₃onh₂-, *h₂yúh₃nh₂- (“the young goddess”), from *h₂eyu- (“long time, lifetime”) + *-Hō (“burden, authority”) also rendering *Iuvō, *Iūnis, normalized to Iūnō, Iūnōnis. See Latin iuvenis (“young”). Proto-Indo-European Noun *h₂óyu n long time, lifetime Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂ey- vital force, life, age, eternity Root *h₂ey- day, morning Ancient Greek: αἰϝών (aiwṓn), αἰών (age, lifetime) ``` αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity ``` Synonyms καιρός (kairós) χρόνος (khrónos) Derived terms αἰώνιος (aiṓnios) ``` αἰώνῐος • (aiṓnios) m (feminine αἰωνίᾱ, neuter αἰώνῐον); first/second declension long-lasting lasting for an age lasting for life (of an office or title) perpetual, eternal, everlasting ``` From αἰών (aiṓn, “age, eon”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). Ancient Greek: αἰεί (aieí, “always”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“lifetime, long time”). Adverb αἰεί • (aieí) Epic and Ionic form of ἀεί (aeí) ``` Adverb ᾱ̓εί or ᾰ̓εί • (āeí or aeí) (Attic) always, ever, forever Νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ. Nûn kaì aeì. For ever and ever. ``` ``` Contrast: ἐνίοτε (eníote, “sometimes”) οὔποτε (oúpote, “never”) πολλάκις (pollákis, “often”) σπανίως (spaníōs, “seldom”) ``` αἰειγενέτης • (aieigenétēs) m (genitive αἰειγενέτᾱο); first declension (Epic) eternal ancestor (epithet of the gods) αἰεί (aieí) +‎ γενέτης (genétēs) ``` γενέτης • (genétēs) m (genitive γενέτου); first declension (Attic, Ionic) begetter, ancestor father (in the plural) parents (figuratively) author the begotten, son (attributive, with θεοί) familial, of one's race (attributive) produced ``` From the root of γίγνομαι (“to be born”) +‎ -της (agentive suffix). γενέθλῐος Adjective γενέθλῐος • (genéthlios) m or f (neuter γενέθλῐον); second declension γενέθλῐος • (genéthlios) m (feminine γενέθλῐᾰ, neuter γενέθλῐον); first/second declension Of or pertaining to one's birthday. Of or pertaining to one's race or family. giving birth, generative (substantive, feminine) a birthday, birthdate (substantive, neuter plural) a birthday party or celebration. Adjective γενεθλῐᾰκός • (genethliakós) m (feminine γενεθλῐᾰκή, neuter γενεθλῐᾰκόν); first/second declension Of or pertaining to a birthday. γενέθλια (genéthlia) +‎ -κός (-adjective) SUFFIX -κός • (-kós) m (feminine -κή, neuter -κόν); first/second declension forms adjectives with the sense of 'of or pertaining to', 'in the manner of' -ακός (-akós) -ικός (-ikós) -τικός (-tikós) Suffix -ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of"). γενέθλια • (genéthlia) n pl birthday Synonyms γενέθλια ημέρα f (genéthlia iméra) Derived terms γενέθλιος (genéthlios, “birthday”) (adjective) χαρούμενα γενέθλια (charoúmena genéthlia, “happy birthday”) See also γιορτή f (giortí, “name day”) χρόνια πολλά (chrónia pollá, “many happy returns”) ``` γιορτή • (giortí) f (plural γιορτές) celebration feast day, holy day holiday name day (in the plural) period between Christmas and Twelfth Night ``` γιορτάζω (giortázo, “to celebrate”) γιορτινός (giortinós, “festive”) εθνική γιορτή f (ethnikí giortí, “National day”) καλές γιορτές f pl (kalés giortés, “Happy Christmas”) εορτή f (eortí, “feast day”) εορτάζω (eortázo, “to celebrate”) εορτάσιμος (eortásimos, “festal, festive”) μεθεόρτια n pl (metheórtia, “aftermath”) προεόρτια n pl (proeórtia, “foremath”) διακοπές n (diakopés, “vacation, holiday”) ``` ἑορτή • (heortḗ) f (genitive ἑορτῆς); first declension feast festival, holiday amusement, pastime (with or without τοῦ πάσχα) the Passover ``` feast (plural feasts) A very large meal, often of a ceremonial nature. We had a feast to celebrate the harvest. Something delightful It was a feast for the eyes. A festival; a holy day or holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous, anniversary. From Middle English feeste, feste, borrowed from Old French feste, from Late Latin festa, from the plural of Latin festum (“holiday, festival, feast”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s (“god, godhead, deity”); see also Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god, goddess”). fēstum n (genitive fēstī); second declension a holiday, festival a banquet, feast fēstus (feminine fēsta, neuter fēstum); first/second-declension adjective Of or pertaining to holidays; festive, festal, joyful, merry. from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁s-tos from *dʰéh₁s (“god, godhead, deity; sacred place”). See also fānum and fēriae. fānum n (genitive fānī); second declension shrine, temple, sanctuary, place dedicated to a deity. fanum (plural fana) (historical) The site of an Ancient Roman temple or shrine. from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁s-nó-m from *dʰéh₁s (“god; sacred place”). Synonyms (holiday): iūstitium iūstitium n (genitive iūstitiī or iūstitī); second declension cessation of public business (especially in the courts) From iūs +‎ sistō +‎ -ium. ``` iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension (“law, right”) 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos : Ius summum saepe summa est malitia. Supreme law is often supreme malice. subjective right, individual right court of law ``` From Proto-Italic *jowos from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (the source of aevum and iuvenis). Cognate with Sanskrit योस् (yós). Latin: aevum n (genitive aevī); second declension (principally): time as a single, unified, continuous and limitless entity; infinite time, time without end; to wit: eternity, agelessness, timelessness Synonym: aeternitās (restrictedly): an undefined, particularly long period of time: an age, an era, a term, a duration Synonym: aetās (restrictedly, pertaining to a person): generation, lifetime, lifespan Synonym: aetās (Medieval Latin, philosophy) aevum, the mean between time and eternity, aeviternity aevum (uncountable) (philosophy) the mean between time and eternity; the state of being of the angels and saints in heaven aeternus (feminine aeterna, neuter aeternum, adverb aeternō); first/second-declension adjective abiding, lasting, permanent, perpetual eternal, endless immortal Equivalent to aetās +‎ -rnus (adjective) aetās f (genitive aetātis); third declension (principally): the period of a life: lifetime, lifespan an undefined, particularly long period of time: an age, an era, a term, a duration (metonymically) a generation From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-u- (“vital energy”) from *h₂ey- (vital force, life, age, eternity) *aiwom n age *aiwotāts f age From *aiwom (“age”) +‎ *-tāts (noun, state of being) -rnus suffix forming adjectives Synonyms (aevum means between time and eternity): aeviternity aeviternity (countable and uncountable, plural aeviternities) (philosophy) The midpoint between time and eternity; the mode of being of the angels, saints, and celestial bodies (which mediaeval astronomy believed to be unchanging). From Latin: aeternitās f (genitive aeternitātis); third declension eternity From aeternus (“eternal”) +‎ -tās (-ty, abstract nouns) - tās f (genitive -tātis); third declension - ty, -dom, -hood, -ness, -ship; Used to form feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being. eternity (countable and uncountable, plural eternities) (uncountable) Existence without end, infinite time. (uncountable, philosophy) Existence outside of time. (countable) A period of time which extends infinitely far into the future. (metaphysical) The remainder of time that elapses after death. (informal, hyperbolic) A comparatively long time. It's been an eternity since we last saw each other. Synonyms (existence outside of time): atemporality, eternal now, extratemporality; see also Thesaurus:timelessness (infinite time): all time, perpetuity; see also Thesaurus:eternity (time extending infinitely far into the future): evermore, forever, foreverhood (remainder of time that elapses after death): afterlife; see also Thesaurus:life after death (comparatively long time): an age, ages, centuries, donkey's years, hours, a lifetime, years, yonks; see also Thesaurus:eon Antonyms (existence outside of time): sempiternity sempiternity (uncountable) (philosophy) Existence within time but infinitely into the future, as opposed to eternity, understood as existence outside time. sempiternal (not comparable) Everlasting, eternal. (philosophy) Everlasting, that is, having infinite temporal duration (as opposed to eternal: outside time and thus lacking temporal duration altogether). from semper (“always”) + æternus (“eternal”). Adverb semper (not comparable) always, ever sem-per from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) root of Latin semel (“once”) + -per (“throughout”). Cognates include Ancient Greek εἷς (one) from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm, *smih₂ (one) Synonym *óynos or h₁óynos (“one, single”) Latin: semel Adverb semel (not comparable) (“once, a single time”) fēriae f pl (genitive fēriārum); first declension A holy day, a festival, a holiday. A vacation. (figuratively) Any occasion of rest, peace, or leisure. Cognate with Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos, “divine”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s-yo-s from *dʰéh₁s (“god, godhead, deity”), ``` χρόνος • (khrónos) m (genitive χρόνου); second declension time (in the abstract sense) specific time, period, term lifetime delay (grammar, Koine) tense ``` Might be related to κορμός from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker. ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology Possibly from *sek- (“to cut”). Root 1 *(s)ker- to cut off ``` καιρός • (kairós) m (genitive καιροῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) measure; proportion; fitness (of time): period (of time); season; time (often in a positive sense) proper time, opportunity; prime, the right moment, the fatal spot (loosely): God's time (in the plural) the times advantage, profit καίρῐος • (kaírios) m (feminine καιρῐ́η, neuter καίρῐον); first/second declension (of place) in or at the right place; hence parts of the body: vital part, (of wounds) mortal, grave, serious (of time) in season, timely, at the exact or fatal moment; lasting but for a season (in superlative) chief, principal From καιρός (kairós) +‎ -ῐος (forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of")). ``` κείρω • (keírō) I shear, shave, cut hair short I ravage, waste I destroy, consume, devour I cut short, lessen, reduce ``` καιρός • (kairós) m (plural καιροί) weather καιρού επιτρέποντος ― kairoú epitrépontos ― weather permitting time, events από καιρό σε καιρό ― apó kairó se kairó ― from time to time σκοτώνω τον καιρό (skotóno ton kairó, “to kill time”) ανεπίκαιρος (anepíkairos, “untimely”) ανεπίκαιρος • (anepíkairos) m (feminine ανεπίκαιρη, neuter ανεπίκαιρο) untimely, out of season (figuratively) untimely, inopportune καιρός m (kairós, “time, weather”) Cognate with Old English scieran (English shear), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (to cut off) from Latin Iuno (probably akin to iuvenis (“young”)). Ἥρᾱ • (Hḗrā) f (genitive Ἥρᾱς); first declension (Greek mythology) Hera a title of the empresses of Rome; see also Ζεύς (Zeús) Pythagorean name for nine the planet Venus Hera (Greek mythology) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus,[1] mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo. ἥρως • (hḗrōs) m (genitive ἥρωος); third declension (Epic) a hero of the Trojan War: any of the major combatants of the Greek or Trojan forces (Classical Ancient Greek) a hero or heroine of the ancient Greek religion: a human or demigod whose shrine was celebrated with chthonic rituals organized by local governments ἡρωῑ́νη • (hērōī́nē) f (genitive ἡρωῑ́νης); first declension Female hero, heroine A deceased woman Feminine form of ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero”). ἡρωῐ́ς • (hērōís) f (genitive ἡρωῐ́δος); third declension a heroine a deceased woman This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. From ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero”) +‎ -ις (-is) a novennial festival at Delphi Greek: ἥρως From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with Latin servō and possibly Ἥρα (Hḗra). -ῐς • (-is) f (genitive -ῐδος); third declension Forms feminine nouns, or feminine forms of adjectives (often accented on the ultima) -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process servo m (plural servos, feminine serva, feminine plural servas) servant serf From Latin servus from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo- (“guardian”) servus m (genitive servī); second declension a servant a serf a slave from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”) possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus (Domine spectabilis)", in Latin meaning "(I am a) most humble servant, (O) noble lord". Adjective humillimus (feminine humillima, neuter humillimum, positive humilis); first/second declension lowest, lowliest, humblest; most or very low, lowly or humble shallowest, most or very shallow ``` observō (present infinitive observāre, perfect active observāvī, supine observātum); first conjugation I observe, watch. I guard, keep watch over. I heed, regard, respect. I pay attention to. I notice, perceive. ``` From ob- +‎ servō (“watch, keep safe”). ob- towards; against ————————————————— ψευδαίσθηση • (psevdaísthisi) f (plural ψευδαισθήσεις) illusion, hallucination (psychology) delusion From ψεύδος (psévdos, “lie”) +‎ αίσθηση (aísthisi, “feeling”), on the model of παραίσθηση (paraísthisi). First attested 1888. ``` ψεῦδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: pseudos Phonetic Spelling: (psyoo'-dos) Definition: a falsehood, untruth, lie Usage: a lie, falsehood, untruth; false religion. ``` ``` ψεύδομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: pseudomai Phonetic Spelling: (psyoo'-dom-ahee) Definition: to lie Usage: I deceive, lie, speak falsely. HELPS Word-studies 5574 pseúdomai (from pseudō, "to falsify, lie") – properly, lie (falsify), willfully misrepresent (mislead). ``` ``` αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) Noun sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion ``` αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension Noun Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing Perception by the intellect as well as the senses That which is perceived: scent Ability to perceive: discernment Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters From αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”) +‎ -σῐς (-form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). ``` αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) Verb (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn ``` Παραίσθηση Noun Illusion An illusion is a distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the human brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Although illusions distort our perception of reality, they are generally shared by most people. Παραίσθηση illusion (psychiatric) misconception of an existing stimulus ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁- from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”) from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”) Latin audiō (“I hear”) Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”). ``` ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂ew- to enjoy to consume Cognates Latin: aveō (“to be well”) aveō (present infinitive avēre); second conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem I desire, wish or long for, crave. ``` ``` From Proto-Italic *awēō Verb *awēō to desire, to wish Verb aveō (present infinitive avēre); second conjugation, highly defective, no perfect or supine stem I am well or fare well. ``` ``` Latin: audiō (present infinitive audīre, perfect active audīvī or audiī, supine audītum); fourth conjugation I hear, listen to I attend, pay attention to Audīsne mē? ― Are you listening to me? I accept, agree with, obey ``` From Proto-Italic *awizdjō, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis (“clearly, manifestly”) (from the root *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”)) and *dʰh₁-ye/o- (“to render”). ``` ἀΐω • (aḯō) (poetic) perceive (with genitive or accusative) (with the ear) to hear (with the eye) to see To have heard To listen, obey ``` Synonyms[edit] (hear) : ἀκούω (akoúō), εἴδομαι (eídomai) (perceive) : αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai) ``` εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like ``` εἶδος (eîdos, “form”) ἰδέα (idéa, “form”) ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”) ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”) οἶδᾰ • (oîda) (transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something] (with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one's heart (transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something] (transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something] (intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something] to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) (negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don't know if or whether, I doubt that (parenthetic) (a superlative is often followed by the phrase "ὧν ἴσμεν") From Proto-Indo-European *wóyde from *weyd-. Compare εἶδον (eîdon, “to see”) and εἴδομαι (eídomai, “to seem”) Verb *wóyde (stative) to have seen, to know ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *weyd- (stative) to see Derives Ancient Greek: εἴδω (to see) ``` The aorist tense, εἶδον (eîdon, “I saw”), has a related but different meaning, and its second aorist middle form, εἰδόμην (eidómēn), contrasts with the first aorist middle of this verb, εἰσᾰ́μην (eisámēn). ``` εἶδον • (eîdon) to see, behold, perceive (strengthened) to look at, observe to see a person, to meet, speak with them to see, experience, become acquainted with to look at or towards to see mentally, to perceive to examine, investigate ``` Usage notes All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι (ópsomai). Greek: είδα (eída) (perfective forms of βλέπω (vlépo)) είδα • (eída) 1st person singular simple past form of βλέπω (vlépo).: "I saw" βλέπω • (vlépo) (past είδα, passive βλέπομαι) (most senses) see, watch, look at Έβλεπα τα βουνά από το αμάξι. Évlepa ta vouná apó to amáxi. I watched the mountains from the car. (transitive) consider, think of, see (give an assessment or opinion) Δεν τα βλέπω καλά τα πράγματα. Den ta vlépo kalá ta prágmata. I don't see things looking that good. (transitive) scrutinise, look into (examine in more detail) Αυτά θα τα δούμε σε μελλοντική συνεδρίαση. Aftá tha ta doúme se mellontikí synedríasi. We'll look into those at a later meeting. (medicine, transitive) examine (of a doctor) Ο γιατρός θα σας δει τώρα. O giatrós tha sas dei tóra. The doctor will see you now. (transitive, of inanimate things) face, overlook (look out onto, as in a view) Το μπαλκόνι έβλεπε στον δρόμο. To balkóni évlepe ston drómo. The balcony looked out on the street. ``` Synonyms (see, look at): κοιτώ (koitó) κοιτάζω (koitázo) αντικρίζω (antikrízo) θωρώ (thoró) (literary) (examine): εξετάζω (exetázo) ``` αγριοβλέπω (agriovlépo, “to look at with a menacing glance”) αλληλοβλέπομαι (allilovlépomai, “see each other”) αναβλέπω (anavlépo, “to see again, to look up”) αποβλέπω (apovlépo, “to aspire, to aim at”) διαβλέπω (diavlépo, “to foresee”) επιβλέπω (epivlépo, “to supervise, to oversee”) κακοβλέπω (kakovlépo, “to look at with animosity”) καλοβλέπω (kalovlépo, “to look at with pleasure, delight”) ξαναβλέπω (xanavlépo, “to see again”) παραβλέπω (paravlépo, “to ignore, to overlook”) προβλέπω (provlépo, “to foresee, to predict”) προσβλέπω (prosvlépo, “to look forward to”) πρωτοβλέπω (protovlépo, “to see first”) συχνοβλέπω (sychnovlépo, “to see often”) υποβλέπω (ypovlépo, “to covet”) χαμηλοβλεπούσα f (chamilovlepoúsa) βλέμμα • (vlémma) n (plural βλέμματα) glance, stare, look ματιά • (matiá) f (plural ματιές) look, glance Ρίξε μια ματιά σ' αυτό το φάκελο! (Have a look at this folder!) μάτι n (máti, “eye”) μάτια n pl (mátia, “eyes”) ανάβλεμμα • (anávlemma) n (plural αναβλέμματα) glance, look, stare expression (in the eyes) αναβλέπω • (anavlépo) (past ανέβλεψα/ανάβλεψα) see again, recover sight look up, look towards ``` ανάβλεψη • (anávlepsi) f (plural αναβλέψεις) seeing again (recovery of vision) ``` ανάβλεμμα n (anávlemma, “glance, look”) ανάβλεψη f (anávlepsi, “seeing again, recovering vision”) and see: βλέπω (vlépo, “to see, to watch”) κοιτάω • (koitáo) / κοιτώ (past κοίταξα, passive κοιτιέμαι, p‑past κοιτάχτηκα, ppp κοιταγμένος) look at look after examine, look over κοιτώ • (koitó) Alternative form of κοιτάω (koitáo) ``` κοιτάζω • (koitázo) (past κοίταξα, passive κοιτάζομαι) look at examine, look over look after an elderly person mind, take care (idiomatic) be interested Κοιτάζει την τσέπη του. Koitázei tin tsépi tou. He is interested in his pocket [his money] ``` Derived terms Expressions κοιτάξτε (koitáxte, “may I explain”) (idiomatic, at beginning of sentences, drawing attention) With forms from κοιτάω (koitáo) κοίτα να δεις (koíta na deis, “literary: look and watch!”) (expresses surprise) κοίτα να (koíta na, “beware, be sure that”) κοίτα να μην (koíta na min, “make sure to not”) Compounds αγριοκοιτάζω (agriokoitázo, “to glower”), αγριοκοιτάω (agriokoitáo), αγριοκοιτώ (agriokoitó) αλληλοκοιτάζομαι (allilokoitázomai, “to look at each other”), αλληλοκοιτιέμαι (allilokoitiémai) (but used in plural) γλυκοκοιτάζω (glykokoitázo, “ogle”), γλυκοκοιτάω, γλυκοκοιτώ καλοκοιτάζω (kalokoitázo, “look carefully; fancy”), καλοκοιτάω, καλοκοιτώ κρυφοκοιτάζω (kryfokoitázo, “look without being noticed”), κρυφοκοιτάω, κρυφοκοιτώ λοξοκοιτάζω (loxokoitázo, “sideglance”), λοξοκοιτάω, λοξοκοιτώ ξανακοιτάζω (xanakoitázo, “look again”), ξανακοιτάω, ξανακοιτώ ξενοκοιτάζω (xenokoitázo, “have roving eye”), ξενοκοιτάω, ξενοκοιτώ στραβοκοιτάζω (stravokoitázo, “eye-roll to show contempt”), συχνοκοιτάω, συχνοκοιτώ συχνοκοιτάζω (sychnokoitázo, “look often”), στραβοκοιτάω, στραβοκοιτώ Related terms[edit] Derivatives of the compounds and: ακοίταχτος (akoítachtos, “not examined; neglected”) κοίταγμα n (koítagma, “looking”) Also see words related to sense "bed" → at κοίτη (koíti, “river bed; bed”) From κοίτη (koítē, “bed”) +‎ -άζω (-verb). Pronunciation IPA(key): /koi̯.tǎːz.dɔː/ → /kyˈta.zo/ → /ciˈta.zo/ Verb[edit] κοιτᾱ́ζω • (koitā́zō) put to bed, cause to rest (intransitive) have a lair (of a lion), a nest (of a bird) Derived terms[edit] συγκοιτάζω (sunkoitázō, “make to lie with”) Related terms[edit] ᾰ̓νᾰκοιτάζομαι (anakoitázomai, “deflower”) δῠσκοιτέω (duskoitéō, “have bad nights”) ἐγκοιτάζομαι (enkoitázomai, “to be embedded”) ἐγκοιτέω (enkoitéō, “sleep in”) ἐκκοιτέω (ekkoitéō, “keep night-watch”) ἐπῐκοιτάζομαι (epikoitázomai, “pass the night”) and see κοίτη f (koítē, “bed”) αντικρίζω • (antikrízo) (past αντίκρισα, passive αντικρίζομαι) set eyes on, face, confront αντικριστός (antikristós, “facing, opposite”, adjective) Adjective αντικριστός • (antikristós) m (feminine αντικριστή, neuter αντικριστ) opposite, facing (dance) for two αντικρίζω (antikrízo, “to set eyes on, to face, to look in the face”) αντικρινός (antikrinós, “opposite, facing”, adjective) αντίκρισμα n (antíkrisma, “sight, seeing”) αντικριστά (antikristá, “face to face”, adverb) αντίκρυ (antíkry, “opposite”, adverb) αντίκρισμα • (antíkrisma) n (uncountable) seeing, sight (economy, banking) funds, security επιταγή χωρίς αντίκρισμα ― epitagí chorís antíkrisma ― a bad cheque (literally, “cheque without funds”) ``` αντικρινός • (antikrinós) m (feminine αντικρινή, neuter αντικρινό) Adjective opposite, facing, across from Synonym: αντίθετος (antíthetos) (noun) (the) opposite ``` Adverb απέναντι • (apénanti) opposite, on the other side, across, over the way from αντίθετος • (antíthetos) m (feminine αντίθετη, neuter αντίθετο) opposite, contrary, backward αντίθετο φύλο ― antítheto fýlo ― opposite sex αντίθεση • (antíthesi) f (plural αντιθέσεις) opposite, antithesis opposition, clash ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς • (antíthesis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως); third declension opposition, resistance contradiction (rhetoric) antithesis (grammar) change or transposition of a letter Adverb αντίθετα • (antítheta) on the contrary, contrariwise Adverb αντίθετως • (antíthetos) Alternative form of αντίθετα (antítheta) ``` αντίκρυ • (antíkry) opposite Synonym: απέναντι (apénanti) Alternative forms αντίκρα (antíkra) αντίκρια (antíkria) αντικρύ (antikrý) άντικρυς (ántikrys) see: αντικριστός (antikristós, “facing, opposite”, adjective) ``` θωρώ • (thoró) (imperfect θωρούσα, passive —) found only in the imperfective tenses (vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over Πῶς μᾶς θωρεῖς ἀκίνητος;... Ποῦ τρέχει ὁ λογισμός σου Pós mas thoreís akínitos?… Poú tréchei o logismós sou How do you gaze upon us, still... And where your thoughts are drifting literal: How do you gaze upon us, immobile... Where is your thinking running to? ``` Verb θεωρέω • (theōréō) I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize ``` ``` Noun θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry ``` ``` Noun θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation ``` Noun θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension spectator envoy sent to consult an oracle From θέᾱ (théā, “sight”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”). Although with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”). θεός • (theós) divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος (theṓteros)) θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess θεός • (theós) m (plural θεοί, feminine θεά) (religion) god (supreme being or a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers) ἀντίθεος • (antítheos) m or f (neuter ἀντίθεον); second declension godlike ἀντι- (anti-) +‎ θεός (theós) ἀντι- • (anti-) anti-, against like, reminiscent of ἀθεότης • (atheótēs) f (genitive ἀθεότητος); third declension godlessness ἄθεος (átheos, “godless”) +‎ -της (-tēs) Adjective ᾰ̓́θεος • (átheos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́θεον); second declension without gods rejecting or disdaining the belief in the gods (especially officially sanctioned gods), atheist generally: godless, secular abandoned by the gods (lexicography) not derived from a theonym ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ θεός (theós, “god”) From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s. Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʿ, “pagan gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”). Despite its superficial similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to Latin deus; the two come from different roots. A true cognate of deus is Ζεύς (Zeús). Noun *tʰehós m god, deity ``` From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”) +‎ *-s. Root *dʰéh₁s m god, godhead, deity sacred place ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *dʰeh₁- (perfective to do, put, place θεσμός • (thesmós) m (plural θεσμοί) institution (society custom or practice) Ο γάμος αποτελεί θεσμό που επινόησαν οι κοινωνίες. O gámos apoteleí thesmó pou epinóisan oi koinoníes. Marriage is an institution invented by society. ``` θεσμός • (thesmós) m (genitive θεσμοῦ); second declension that which is laid down, law, ordinance (in general) rule, precept, rite institution, tribunal site, place ``` Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o /tʰehós/) m god

Answer 571

MOCKERY From κορόιδο (“sucker”) + -εύω (“verb, do as “x” does”). Noun κορόιδο • (koróido) n (plural κορόιδα) dupe, sucker fall guy -εύω • (-eúō) Added to the stems of agent or other nouns in -εύς (-eús) to form a denominative verb of condition or activity: meaning "be x" or "do what x typically does" ``` γίδι • (gídi) n (plural γίδια) kid, young goat Declension[edit] declension of γίδι Related terms[edit] γίδα f (gída, “goat”) κατσίκι n (katsíki, “goat”) from Ancient Greek αἰγίδιον (aigídion) diminutive of αἴξ (aíx, “goat”). γιδάκι n (gidáki, “little goat”) γίδι n (gídi, “goat”) γιδοβοσκός m (gidovoskós, “goatherd”) See also see: κατσίκι n (katsíki, “goat”) ``` κοροϊδεύω • (koroïdévo) (past κορόιδεψα) & rare passive κοροϊδεύομαι (koroïdévomai) (most senses) mock, ridicule, tease, make fun of Δεν της άρεσε να πηγαίνει σχολείο επειδή την κοροϊδεύανε. Den tis árese na pigaínei scholeío epeidí tin koroïdévane. She didn't like going to school because they teased her. Μια καινούργια σειρά, στην οποία κοροϊδεύουν διάσημους. Mia kainoúrgia seirá, stin opoía koroïdévoun diásimous. A new series in which they make fun of famous people. (most senses) dupe, fool, deceive Μπορεί αυτόν να τον κορόιδεψες, αλλά εγώ είμαι πολύ πιο έξυπνος. Boreí aftón na ton koróidepses, allá egó eímai polý pio éxypnos. You may have fooled him but I am a lot smarter. Πώς επιτρέπουν σ' αυτό το μαγαζί να κοροϊδεύουν τους ανθρώπους συνεχώς; Pós epitrépoun s' aftó to magazí na koroïdévoun tous anthrópous synechós? How do they allow that shop to continue to deceive people? SYNONYM απατώ Verb Cheat, swindle, fraud

Answer 572

DECEIVE απατώ • (apató) / απατάω (past απάτησα, passive απατώμαι/απατιέμαι, p‑past απατήθηκα, ppp απατημένος) (with passive απατιέμαι (apatiémai)) cheat, scam, defraud, deceive, swindle, bamboozle Synonym: εξαπατώ (exapató) cheat on, deceive, two-time (spouse or partner) Η γυναίκα του τον απατούσε δύο χρόνια. I gynaíka tou ton apatoúse dýo chrónia. His wife was cheating on him for two years. (with passive απατώμαι (apatómai)) be mistaken, err, be deceived by Η μνήμη μου ποτέ δεν με απατά. I mními mou poté den me apatá. My memory is never wrong. αν δεν απατώμαι (expression) ― an den apatómai ― if memory does not deceive me απάτη f (apáti, “deceit, deception”) απατεώνας m (apateónas, “crook, swindler, fraudster”) απάτη • (apáti) f (plural απάτες) deceit deception fraud, hoax Derived terms απατεώνας m (apateónas, “cheat, swindler”) απατεωνιά f (apateoniá, “swindle, confidence trick”) απατεώνισσα f (apateónissa, “cheat, swindler”) απατηλός (apatilós, “false, deceitful”) απατώ (apató, “to cheat, to deceive”) αυταπάτη (aftapáti, “delusion, self-deception”) ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη • (apátē) f (genitive ᾰ̓πᾰ́της); first declension Deceit, fraud απατεώνας • (apateónas) m (plural απατεώνες, feminine απατεώνισσα) crook, swindler, fraudster απατεωνιά • (apateoniá) f (plural απατεωνιές) swindle, fraud, confidence trick απατεώνισσα • (apateónissa) f (plural απατεώνισσες, masculine απατεώνας) crook, swindler, fraudster απατηλός • (apatilós) m (feminine απατηλή, neuter απατηλό) deceptive αυταπάτη • (aftapáti) f (plural αυταπάτες) self-deception, delusion deceive (v.) "mislead by false appearance or statement," c. 1300 from Old French decevoir "to deceive" (12c., Modern French décevoir) from Latin decipere "to ensnare, take in, beguile, cheat," from de "from" or pejorative (see de-) + combining form of capere "to take," from PIE root *kap- "to grasp." *kap- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to grasp." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kapati "two handfuls;" Greek kaptein "to swallow, gulp down," kope "oar, handle;" Latin capax "able to hold much, broad," capistrum "halter," capere "to grasp, lay hold; be large enough for; comprehend;" Lettish kampiu "seize;" Old Irish cacht "servant-girl," literally "captive;" Welsh caeth "captive, slave;" Gothic haban "have, hold;" Old English hæft "handle," habban "to have, hold." It forms all or part of: accept; anticipate; anticipation; behave; behoof; behoove; cable; cacciatore; caitiff; capable; capacious; capacity; capias; capiche; capstan; caption; captious; captivate; captive; captor; capture; case (n.2) "receptacle;" catch; catchpoll; cater; chase (n.1) "a hunt;" chase (v.) "to run after, hunt;" chasse; chasseur; conceive; cop (v.) "to seize, catch;" copper (n.2) "policeman;" deceive; emancipate; except; forceps; gaffe; haft; have; hawk (n.); heave; heavy; heft; incapacity; inception; incipient; intercept; intussusception; manciple; municipal; occupy; participation; perceive; precept; prince; purchase; receive; recipe; recover; recuperate; sashay; susceptible.

Answer 573

COMIC - COMEDY - COMEDIAN - IMMATE - MIME imitate (passive voice: imitate) I present something serious in a comic way, in order to cauterize or project a problem (consecutively) I make fun of, I make fun of, I make fun of κωμῳδῶν Noun “dative case” (“a comedian”) κωμωδός Comedian κωμῳδέω to represent in a comedy, to satirise, lampoon, libel ο (Α κωμῳδός) acting in comedy νεοελλ. 1. one who provokes laughter by various means 2. one who shows feigned feelings arch. 1. he who sang in a coma, in a feast or in a comic dance («αὐτοί ... κώμας τὰς περιοικίδας καλεῑν φασιν, Ἀθηναίους δὲ δήμους, ὡς κωμῳδοὺς οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῡ κωμόζειν λεχθέντας ἀλλὰ τῇ κατὰ κώμας πλάνη». ) 2. πιθ. vocalist of comic and lyrical songs 3. κωμωδιογράφος («τὴν τῶν κωμῳδῶν προθυμίαν τοῡ γελοῑα εἰς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λέγειν», Πλάτ.) 3. Aristophanes 4. he who drags, who plays. ΕΤΥΜΟΛ κῶμος + -ῳδός (

Answer 574

MIME - MIMIC - SIMULATE - FOLLOW MY EXAMPLE μίμος mime (n.) c. 1600, "a buffoon who practices gesticulations" [Johnson], from French mime "mimic actor" (16c.) and directly from Latin mimus, from Greek mimos "imitator, mimic, actor, mime, buffoon," a word of unknown origin. In reference to a performance, 1932 as "a pantomime," earlier (1640s) in a classical context: The ancient mimes of the Italian Greeks and Romans were dramatic performances, generally vulgar, with spoken lines, consisting of farcical mimicry of real events and persons. mime (v.) 1610s, "to act without words," from mime (n.). The transferred sense of "to mimic, to imitate" is from 1733 (Greek mimeisthai meant "to imitate, portray," in art, "to express by means of imitation"). Meaning "to pretend to be singing a pre-recorded song to lip-sync" is by 1965. Related: mimed; miming. Related entries & more mimic (n.) "one who or that which imitates, a mime," 1580s, from Latin mimicus, from Greek mimikos "of or pertaining to mimes," from mimos "mime" (see mime (n.)). Related entries & more mimesis (n.) in rhetoric, "imitation or reproduction of the words of another," especially in order to represent his character, 1540s, from Greek mimēsis "imitation, representation, representation by art," from mimeisthai "to mimic, represent, imitate, portray," in art, "to express by means of imitation," from mimos "mime" (see mime (n.)). In zoology, "mimicry," by 1845. Related entries & more μίμος • (mímos) m mime mime (countable and uncountable, plural mimes) A form of acting without words; pantomime. A pantomime actor. A classical theatrical entertainment in the form of farce. A performer of such a farce. A person who mimics others in a comical manner. Any of various papilionid butterflies of the genus Chilasa or Papilio, that mimic other species in appearance. Latin: mīmus m (genitive mīmī); second declension mime, farce mime actor (male) (figurative) a farce From Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “imitator, actor”). μῑμέομαι • (mīméomai) I mimic μῖμος (mîmos) +‎ -έομαι (-mediocrity-passive verb) -έω • (-éō) Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os). μῑ́μησῐς • (mī́mēsis) f (genitive μῑμήσεως); third declension simulation From μῑμέομαι (mīméomai, “to simulate”) +‎ -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix). mime m (plural mimes) pantomime actor, mime pantomime μιμεῖσθαι V-PNM/P Englishman's Concordance μιμεῖσθαι (mimeisthai) — 2 Occurrences 2 Thessalonians 3:7 V-PNM/P GRK: πῶς δεῖ μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς ὅτι NAS: you ought to follow our example, because KJV: how ye ought to follow us: for INT: how it behoves [you] to imitate us because ``` 2 Thessalonians 3:9 V-PNM/P GRK: εἰς τὸ μιμεῖσθαι ἡμᾶς NAS: for you, so that you would follow our example. KJV: unto you to follow us. INT: for to imitate us ``` ``` μιμέομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mimeomai Phonetic Spelling: (mim-eh'-om-ahee) Definition: to imitate Usage: I imitate, follow. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3401 miméomai – to imitate, emulating a mentor or example. See 3402 (mimētēs). ``` [The high level of personal (self) interest motivating 3402 (mimētḗs) accounts for why it is always in the Greek middle voice.] follow. Middle voice from mimos (a "mimic"); to imitate -- follow.

Answer 575

FAKE - FORGERY - REPLICANT From απο (away from, outward) + μίμηση (mimic, mime) απομίμηση f (apomímisi, “replica, imitation”) απομίμηση • (apomímisi) f (plural απομιμήσεις) fake, forgery imitation, replica απομιμούμαι (apomimoúmai, “to simulate, to fake”) Verb απομιμούμαι • (apomimoúmai) deponent (past απομιμήθηκα) simulate, imitate (with precision) forge, fake simulate (v.) 1620s, "feign, pretend, assume falsely" (implied in simulated), back-formation from simulation or else from Latin simulatus, past participle of simulare "to make like, imitate, copy, represent," from stem of similis "like, resembling, of the same kind" (see similar). Meaning "to use a model to imitate certain conditions for purposes of study or training" is from 1947. Related: Simulating. similar (adj.) "having characteristics in common," 1610s (earlier similary, 1560s), from French similaire, from a Medieval Latin extended form of Latin similis "like, resembling, of the same kind," from Old Latin semol "together," from PIE root *sem- (1) "one; as one, together with." The noun meaning "that which is similar" is from 1650s. *sem- (1) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "one; as one, together with." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sam "together," samah "even, level, similar, identical;" Avestan hama "similar, the same;" Greek: hama "together with, at the same time," Greek: homos "one and the same," Greek: homios "like, resembling," homalos "even;" Latin similis "like;" Old Irish samail "likeness;" Old Church Slavonic samu "himself." ὁμᾰλός • (homalós) m (feminine ὁμᾰλή, neuter ὁμᾰλόν); first/second declension (of a surface) even, level Antonym: τραχύς (trakhús) (of a sediment) uniform in consistency (of motion) even, equable (of circumstances) equal, on a level not remarkable, middling, average, ordinary ᾰ̓νώμᾰλος • (anṓmalos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓νώμᾰλον); second declension (literally and figuratively) uneven, irregular (of conditions and fortune) precarious (of persons) inconsistent, capricious (grammar) of words which deviate from a general rule, anomalous ᾰ̓- (a-, “un-”) +‎ ὁμᾰλός (homalós, “even, level”) ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension same, common, joint From Proto-Indo-European *somHós from the root *sem- Same which also gave εἷς (heîs, “one”). Cognate with Old English sama (English same) Sanskrit सम (sama) Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama) Old Church Slavonic самъ (samŭ).

Answer 576

CELL Κύτταρο - cell Cell A cell is the basic structural and functional unit that manifests the phenomenon of life. κελί • (kelí) n (plural κελιά) cell (in monastery or prison) κελί φυλακής ― kelí fylakís ― prison cell κολεός • (koleós) m (genitive κολεοῦ); second declension a sword-sheath, a scabbard a cinerary urn a varia lectio of κελεός (keleós, “green woodpecker”) (in the form κουλεός) the sheath of the heart, the pericardium κουλεός • (kouleós) m (genitive κουλεοῦ); second declension Alternative spelling of κολεός (koleós) ————————————- LATIN cella f (genitive cellae); first declension a small room, a hut, storeroom a barn, granary the part of a temple where the image of a god stood; altar, sanctuary, shrine, pantry Cognate to Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *ḱel- to cover Etymology 2 Root *ḱel- to incline ``` Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”) Old English: *hellan, helian Old Saxon hēlian to heal, to cure, to save Compare Old English hǣlan ``` hǣlan to heal to cure to save to allay or remove anxiety to hail ``` ``` ġehǣlan to heal to cure to save to allay or remove anxiety to hail ``` equivalent to ġe- (intensifier) +‎ hǣlan (heal) Germanic: *hallō (“hall”) Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”) ———————————————— OLD ENGLISH from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms) from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”) cell (plural cells) cell A single-room dwelling for a hermit. (now historical) A small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger religious establishment. [from 11th c.] A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.] Synonym: prison cell Each of the small hexagonal compartments in a honeycomb. (biology, now chiefly botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. (obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. (biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. (computing) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior. A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.] Those three fellows are the local cell of that organization. (communication) A short, fixed-length packet as in asynchronous transfer mode. (geometry) A three-dimensional facet of a polytope. equivalent to poly- (“many”) + -tope (“surface”). (geometry) A finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes (a geometric shape with flat sides, existing in any number of dimensions); the geometrical entity represented by the general term of the infinite sequence "point, line, polygon, polyhedron, ...". (statistics) The unit in a statistical array (a spreadsheet, for example) where a row and a column intersect.

Answer 577

HOLD - KEEP - HARD - POWERFUL - MIGHTY Translations of κρατώ keep κρατώ, διατηρώ, μένω, φυλάσσω, συντηρώ, συντηρούμαι hold κρατώ, κατέχω, συγκρατώ, διατηρώ, βαστάζω, πιάνω retain διατηρώ, κρατώ, παρακρατώ, μισθώ detain καθυστερώ, σταματώ, κρατώ intern κρατώ, φυλακίζω carry μεταφέρω, κουβαλώ, κρατώ, βαστάζω, έχω, βαστώ reserve εξασφαλίζω, επιφυλάττω, κρατώ bear αντέχω, φέρω, ανέχομαι, υποφέρω, υφίσταμαι, κρατώ withhold κρατώ, κατακρατώ, παρακρατώ, αναχαιτίζω keep to κρατώ κρατώ • (krató) more formal variant of of κρατάω (kratáo) κρατάω • (kratáo) / κρατώ (past κράτησα, passive κρατιέμαι/κρατούμαι, p‑past κρατήθηκα, ppp κρατημένος) (with passive voice) κρατιέμαι (kratiémai) (transitive) hold, hold back Κράτα γερά, μην πέσεις! Kráta gerá, min péseis! Hold firmly, so that you will not fall down! κρατούμαι (with passive voice) κρατούμαι (kratoúmai) imprison, retain κρατιέμαι • (kratiémai) passive (past κρατήθηκα, active κρατάω) hold on κρατούντες f pl (kratoúntes, “the ones in power”) (formal ancient participle) and see: κράτος n (krátos, “state, government”) κράτη • (kráti) n Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of κράτος (krátos). κράτος • (krátos) n (plural κράτη) state, sovereign country αδέσμευτες κράτη ― adésmeftes kráti ― non-aligned states ``` κρᾰ́τος • (krátos) n (genitive κρᾰ́τεος or κρᾰ́τους); third declension might, strength act of strength, act of valour (in the plural) acts of violence dominion, power ``` From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “might, power”) from Proto-Indo-European *kret-. ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *kret- insight, intelligence strength ``` Old English heard (“hard”) Adjective heard hard, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave ``` Old Norse harðr hard hard, stern, severe hardy ``` From Proto-Germanic *harduz Adjective *harduz (comparative *hardizô, superlative *hardistaz) hard brave From Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kert-, *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”) Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”). κρᾰτῠ́ς • (kratús) strong, mighty ``` Adjective καρτερός • (karterós) m (feminine καρτερᾱ́, neuter καρτερόν); first/second declension strong, staunch, mighty steadfast obstinate violent ``` κρατών • (kratón) n Genitive plural form of κράτος (krátos). κρατάω • (kratáo) / κρατώ past κράτησα passive κρατιέμαι/κρατούμαι p‑past κρατήθηκα ppp κρατημένος (with passive voice) κρατιέμαι (kratiémai) (transitive) hold, hold back Κράτα γερά, μην πέσεις! Kráta gerá, min péseis! Hold firmly, so that you will not fall down! (with passive voice) κρατούμαι (kratoúmai) imprison, retain Hold-on Verb hold on (third-person singular simple present holds on, present participle holding on, simple past and past participle held on) To grasp or grip firmly. Hold on tightly to the railing. (idiomatic) To keep; to store something for someone. Hold on to my umbrella while I ride the roller coaster. (idiomatic) Wait a short while. Hold on while I get my coat. (idiomatic) To remain loyal. He didn't give up his fandom when others did; he held on. (idiomatic) To persist.

Answer 578

NOTICE From ειδο (know by seeing) + ποίηση (known by doing, act, fact) ειδοποίηση notice, notification the energy and the result I warn notification nōtiō f (genitive nōtiōnis); third declension acquaintance (becoming acquainted) examination, investigation notion, idea SUFFIX -ποιώ (-poió, “make, create”) SUFFIX -ποίηση • (-poíisi) n -ization, -ing (suffix forming nouns denoting a process or its result) ‎ειδοποιώ (eidopoió, “notify”) + ‎-ποίηση (-poíisi) → ‎ειδοποίηση (eidopoíisi, “notification”) ‎τέκνο (tékno, “offspring”) + ‎-ποίηση (-poíisi) → ‎τεκνοποίηση (teknopoíisi, “bearing children”) ‎παγκόσμιος (pagkósmios, “global”) + ‎-ποίηση (-poíisi) → ‎παγκοσμιοποίηση (pagkosmiopoíisi, “globalisation”) ``` ποίηση • (poíisi) f (uncountable) poetry, verse Antonyms: πεζογραφία (pezografía), αντιποιητικός (antipoiitikós) poesy (literary) Antonym: αντιποιητικός (antipoiitikós) ``` From Ancient Greek ποίησις (poíēsis, “poetry”) from ποιέω (poiéō, “I make, do, create”). ``` εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ``` From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”) from *weyd- (“to see”). ——————————————— SUFFIX -ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id Originally *-ϝειδής (*-weidḗs), from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, appearance”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). English: -id, -oid (when suffixed to o-stems) -ώδης • (-ṓdēs) m or f (neuter -ῶδες); third declension Adjective-forming suffix: smelling of (by generalization) adjective-forming suffix: full of, like From ὄζω (ózō, “smell”).

Answer 579

OBSERVE παρα (around, encircle) + τηρώ (observe, comply, obey) observe (passive voice: observe) I look carefully and for a long time at something in order to understand or learn something I understand something, e.g. a change, I note Have you noticed the change in his habits lately? I make a comment, I note I would like to note that in your argument you did not take into account the following ... I remark on someone, I appreciate, I argue the teacher remarked on his behavior τηρώ I observe (for laws, rules, terms, customs etc) I hold, enforce, comply with obeys the laws, is law-abiding apply and maintain we follow the traditions of our place supervise the implementation (of laws) two police officers were keeping order (for log books) I keep, have and fill in regularly every company is obliged to keep accounting books

Answer 580

KNOWLEDGE - SCHOLARSHIP γνώση • (gnósi) f (plural γνώσεις) knowledge, scholarship (knowing; understanding) From Ancient Greek γνῶσις (“inquiry; knowing, understanding; knowledge”). πεδίο γνώσης n (pedío gnósis, “field of knowledge”) ``` γνωστός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: gnóstos Phonetic Spelling: (gnoce-tos') Definition: known Usage: known, an acquaintance. ``` Cognate: 1110 gnōstós (an adjective derived from 1097 /ginṓskō, "to know experientially") – experientially known, i.e. through first-hand, personal experience. γνωστός • (gnostós) m (plural γνωστοί) acquaintance, a person whom one knows; a familiar Adjective γνωστός • (gnostós) m (feminine γνωστή, neuter γνωστό) known, familiar Antonym άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (feminine άγνωστη, neuter άγνωστο) unknown, strange άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (plural άγνωστοι) stranger (a person one does not know) (mathematics) unknown αγνώριστος • (agnóristos) m (feminine αγνώριστη, neuter αγνώριστο) unrecognisable (UK), unrecognizable (US) αναγνωρίσιμος (anagnorísimos, “recognisable”) γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know, to meet”) ``` Verb γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) know (something), be aware, recognize know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance ``` ``` γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”) παραγνωρίζω (paragnorízo, “overlook”) πρωτογνωρίζω (protognorízo, “meet for the first time”) ``` ευδιάκριτος (evdiákritos, “distinguishable, discernible”) Related terms αναγνωρισμένος (anagnorisménos, “recognised”) and see: αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”) Adjective ευδιάκριτος • (evdiákritos) m (feminine ευδιάκριτη, neuter ευδιάκριτο) distinguishable, discernible, distinct διακριτός (diakritós, “discrete”) ``` Adjective διακριτός • (diakritós) m (feminine διακριτή, neuter διακριτό) discernible discrete, distinct (mathematics) discrete ``` κριτός = chosen, singled out, separated, picked out, chosen. ————————————- OLD ENGLISH Etymology From Middle English knowleche, knaweleche, cnawlece (“knowledge”), from knowen (“to know, recognise”) + -leche. Related to Middle English knowlechen (“to find out, acknowledge”). For more on the Middle English suffix -leche, compare freelage. Compare also Old English cnāwelǣċ, cnāwelǣċing (“acknowledging, acknowledgement”). ``` knowen to know (possess knowledge) ``` From Old English cnāwan (“to know, recognise, perceive”) nōscere present active infinitive of nōscō second-person singular present passive imperative of nōscō second-person singular present passive indicative of nōscō original Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- γιγνώσκειν • (gignṓskein) present active infinitive of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō) ġecnāwan to know, perceive, understand, acknowledge, recognize; beknow to be familiar or acquainted with to make known, declare γνώ primitive root γνω-/γνο-: (1) the present with the suffix -σκω + reduplication (which frequently accompanies the suffix -σκω), and (2) an athematic aorist. Most verbs, of course, are less "irregular", but older, more basic verbs tend to exhibit "irregularities" like this. "γνούς" aorist participle of γιγώσκω subjunctive γνῷ (May know, might know) ``` αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) ``` ``` ξέρω (xéro, “to know a fact”) From Ancient Greek ἐξεῦρον (exeûron), aorist of ἐξευρίσκω (exeurískō, “to find out”) from εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”) whence Modern βρίσκω (vrísko) ``` ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. To íxera óti ítan giatrós. I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? Do you know any German? (transitive, with για (gia)) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. I, at least, know her as a very calm person. εὑρίσκω • (heurískō) I happen upon by chance, find I find out, discover I acquire, fetch, obtain βρίσκω • (vrísko) (past βρήκα, passive βρίσκομαι) find, discover, locate Βρήκαμε το ξενοδοχείο μας. Vríkame to xenodocheío mas. We found our hotel. Καλώς σας βρήκα. Kalós sas vríka. Pleased to meet you. (literally, “Pleased to have found you.”) Βρήκα το Μήτσο κολλημένο στον υπολογιστή! Vríka to Mítso kolliméno ston ypologistí! I found Mitsos stuck on the computer! ``` εὕρηκᾰ • (heúrēka) first-person singular perfect active indicative of εὑρίσκω (heurískō) εὑρίσκω • (heurískō) I happen upon by chance, find I find out, discover I acquire, fetch, obtain ``` εὑρετῐκός • (heuretikós) m (feminine εὑρετῐκή, neuter εὑρετῐκόν); first/second declension inventive, ingenious From εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós) ———————————————- LATIN: sciō absolutely negates the principal meaning ne- (“not”) + sciō (“I know”) → nesciō (“I don't know”) ``` sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation Verb I can, know, understand, have knowledge. Scīsne ubi habitēmus? Do you know where we live? I know carnally. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, to dissect”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology From *sek- (“to cut”). Root *skey- to split, to dissect ``` Root *sek- to cut, cut off, sever

Answer 581

MENTALLY DIFFICULT - IMPASSABLE From ᾰ̓ (not) + πόρος (passageway, journey) + ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun) ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱ • (aporíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πορῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun (of places) a difficulty in passage difficulty, impossibility embarrassment, doubt, uncertainty, anxiety need, poverty puzzle From ᾰ̓́πορος (áporos, “impassable, difficult”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Latin: aporia aporia (plural aporias) Noun (rhetoric) An expression of deliberation with oneself regarding uncertainty or doubt as to how to proceed. (philosophy, post-structuralism) An insoluble contradiction in a text's meaning; a logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker. Synonyms: impasse, paradox, contradiction from Ancient Greek ἀπορία (aporía), from ἄπορος (áporos, “impassable”), from ἀ- (not) + πόρος (póros, “passage”). Prefix a- Not, without, opposite of. amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic, atypical πόρος • (póros) m (genitive πόρου); second declension Noun a means of passage, passageway, way, opening especially passage over a body of water: ford, strait, ferry, bridge a pore on the skin a means to an end (biology) fiber, filament, thread journey Related to πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to run through”) From περάω (peráō, “to drive right through”) from πέρα (péra). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-. ``` Verb πείρω • (peírō) Verb I pierce, run through (figuratively) I cleave through ``` πορθμός • (porthmós) m (genitive πορθμοῦ); second declension Noun strait, narrow sea, place crossed by a ferry (in general) sea tube, any narrow passage crossing by a ferry, passage ``` From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to carry forth”), the same root of πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), πόρος (póros, “means of passage”), Latin portus (“harbour, port”) ``` πορθμείο • (porthmeío) n (plural πορθμεία) Noun (nautical) ferry, ferryboat —————————————————— ``` portus m (genitive portūs); fourth declension Noun harbour, port haven, refuge, asylum, retreat warehouse ``` From Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish pir (“bridge”), Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “push forward”), Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”) and Old English ford (English ford). See also porta. Old English ford (plural fords) A location where a stream is shallow and the bottom has good footing, making it possible to cross from one side to the other with no bridge, by walking, riding, or driving through the water; a crossing. A stream; a current. from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) From *per- (“to penetrate; to cross (water)”) +‎ *-tus (action noun) Suffix *(é)-tus m Derives action nouns from verb roots.

Answer 582

SUSPEND JUDGEMENT - WITHOLD ASSENT From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, hold”) Epoché (ἐποχή epokhē, "cessation"[1]) is an ancient Greek term. In Hellenistic philosophy it is a technical term typically translated as "suspension of judgment" but also as "withholding of assent".[2] In the modern philosophy of Phenomenology it refers to a process of setting aside assumptions and beliefs. ἐποχή • (epokhḗ) f (genitive ἐποχῆς); first declension ``` check, cessation retention (philosophy) suspension of judgement suspense of payment stoppage, pause the epoch of a star period of vibration (in musical theory) ``` From ἐπέχω (epékhō, “to stop, hold back”) +‎ -η (noun) ἐπέχω • (epékhō) ``` I have or hold upon I hold out to, present, offer I extend, spread out I hold, contain I enjoin, impose I direct towards, aim at (intransitive) I aim at, attack I direct my mind; I intend, purpose I stand facing (in battle) I hold back, keep in check; I withhold; I confine I stay, adjourn, suspend I stop, hinder from I wait, pause, refrain (with genitive) I stop from (Scepticism) I suspend judgement, doubt I reach or extend over I have power over or occupy I prevail, predominate (of time) I continue ``` From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, hold”)

Answer 583

TROPE A trope or "mode" refers to skeptical stock arguments or "ways of refuting dogmatism." Trope denotes figurative and metaphorical language and one which has been used in various technical senses. The term trope derives from the Greek τρόπος (tropos), "a turn, a change",[1] related to the root of the verb τρέπειν (trepein), "to turn, to direct, to alter, to change";[2] this means that the term is used metaphorically to denote, among other things, metaphorical language. There are two sets of these tropes: the ten modes of Aenesidemus and the five modes of Agrippa. τρόπος • (trópos) m (genitive τρόπου); second declension Noun a turn, way, manner, style a trope or figure of speech a mode in music a mode or mood in logic the time and space on the battlefield when one side's belief turns from victory to defeat, the turning point of the battle From τρέπω (trépō) +‎ -ος (-os). τρέπω • (trépō) Verb I turn ᾰ̓ποτρέπω • (apotrépō) Verb (transitive) I (cause to) turn away or turn back; turn aside; ward off; keep away (transitive) I (cause to) divert; deter or dissuade; stave off, avert; prevent, halt from happening (middle, passive, reflexive) I turn away from; avert my gaze; cease to pay heed (middle, passive, reflexive) I turn a deaf ear, deflect, shun, avoid (middle, passive, reflexive) I stop, cease, desist from doing something (middle, passive, intransitive) I turn back, return; desert from a party From ἀπο- (apo-, “away, from, off”) +‎ τρέπω (trépō, “turn”) ἐπιτρέπω • (epitrépō) Verb to entrust, leave (something to someone), turn over (to someone) to permit, allow επι- (“on”) +‎ τρέπω (“turn”). ``` επιτρέπω • (epitrépo) (past επέτρεψα, passive επιτρέπομαι) Verb allow, permit enable, let (impersonal) επιτρέπεται: it is allowed ``` Derived terms[edit] επιτρεπόμενος (epitrepómenos, “allowed”, participle) Related terms[edit] ανεπίτρεπτος (anepítreptos, “inadmissible”) επιτετραμμένος m (epitetramménos, “chargé d'affaires”) επιτρεπτικός (epitreptikós, “permissive”) επιτρεπτός (epitreptós, “allowed”, adjective) επιτροπεία f (epitropeía, “guardianship, trusteeship”) επιτροπεύω (epitropévo, “to be trustee”) επιτροπή f (epitropí, “committee”) επίτροπος m (epítropos, “guardian, trustee”) and see: τρέπω (trépo, “turn, divert”) επιτροπή • (epitropí) f (plural επιτροπές) panel, committee commission Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή ― Evropaïkí Epitropí ― European Commission. ``` τροπή • (tropḗ) f (genitive τροπῆς); first declension Noun a turning turning away the enemy, a rout solstice trope ``` ``` τροπῐκός • (tropikós) m (feminine τροπῐκή, neuter τροπῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or pertaining to a turn or change of or pertaining to the solstice of or pertaining to a trope or figure ``` From τροπή (tropḗ, “a turn, turning, solstice, trope”) +‎ -ῐκός (-adjective). —————————————————— The ten modes of Aenesidemus Aenesidemus is considered the creator of the ten modes of Aenesidemus (also known as ten tropes of Aenesidemus)—although whether he invented the tropes or just systematized them from prior Pyrrhonist works is unknown. The tropes represent reasons for epoché (suspension of judgment). These are as follows: 1. Different animals manifest different modes of perception; 2. Similar differences are seen among individual men; 3. For the same man, information perceived with the senses is self-contradictory 4. Furthermore, it varies from time to time with physical changes 5. In addition, this data differs according to local relations 6. Objects are known only indirectly through the medium of air, moisture, etc. 7. These objects are in a condition of perpetual change in colour, temperature, size and motion 8. All perceptions are relative and interact one upon another 9. Our impressions become less critical through repetition and custom 10. All men are brought up with different beliefs, under different laws and social conditions. Aenesidemus argues that experiences vary infinitely under circumstances whose importance to one another cannot be accurately judged by human observers. He therefore rejects any concept of absolute knowledge of reality, since each person has different perceptions, and they arrange their sense-gathered data in methods specific to themselves. ————————————————————— The five modes of Agrippa[edit] Sextus Empiricus described these "modes" or "tropes" in Outlines of Pyrrhonism, attributing them "to the more recent skeptics"; Diogenes Laërtius attributes them to Agrippa.[2] The five modes of Agrippa (also known as the five tropes of Agrippa) are: 1. Dissent – The uncertainty demonstrated by the differences of opinions among philosophers and people in general. 2. Progress ad infinitum – All proof rests on matters themselves in need of proof, and so on to infinity, i.e, the regress argument. 3. Relation – All things are changed as their relations become changed, or, as we look upon them from different points of view. 4. Assumption – The truth asserted is based on an unsupported assumption. 5. Circularity – The truth asserted involves a circularity of proofs. According to the mode deriving from dispute, we find that undecidable dissension about the matter proposed has come about both in ordinary life and among philosophers. Because of this we are not able to choose or to rule out anything, and we end up with suspension of judgement. In the mode deriving from infinite regress, we say that what is brought forward as a source of conviction for the matter proposed itself needs another such source, which itself needs another, and so ad infinitum, so that we have no point from which to begin to establish anything, and suspension of judgement follows. In the mode deriving from relativity, as we said above, the existing object appears to be such-and-such relative to the subject judging and to the things observed together with it, but we suspend judgement on what it is like in its nature. We have the mode from hypothesis when the Dogmatists, being thrown back ad infinitum, begin from something which they do not establish but claim to assume simply and without proof in virtue of a concession. The reciprocal mode occurs when what ought to be confirmatory of the object under investigation needs to be made convincing by the object under investigation; then, being unable to take either in order to establish the other, we suspend judgement about both.[

Answer 584

NIHILISM From μηδέν (“zero, nil, nothing”) +‎ -ισμός (“-ism” - doctrine) μηδενισμός • (midenismós) m (plural μηδενισμοί) (mathematics) cancelling out (UK), canceling out (US) the fact of being given zero marks (philosophy) nihilism (extreme scepticism) From μηδέν (midén, “zero, nil”) +‎ -ισμός (-ismós, “-ism” - doctrine) ``` μηδέν • (midén) n Number zero nothing, nought, nil. cipher ``` From Ancient Greek μηδέν (mēdén, “nothing”). μηδενικό • (midenikó) n zero, nought, nil. nobody, nonentity nil (usually uncountable, plural nils) Nothing; zero. zero The cardinal number occurring before one and that denotes no quantity or amount at all, represented in Arabic numerals as 0. ———————————————- LATIN: nihilum n (genitive nihilī); second declension Noun nothing From ne- +‎ hilum ne- (none, not, negation) + hilum (trifle, not in the least) hīlum n (genitive hīlī); second declension trifle (in the negative) not a whit, not in the least absolutely negates the principal meaning ne- (“not”) + sciō (“I know”) → nesciō (“I don't know”) From Old Latin ne (“not”) in compositions. ``` sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation Verb I can, know, understand, have knowledge. Scīsne ubi habitēmus? Do you know where we live? I know carnally. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, to dissect”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology From *sek- (“to cut”). Root *skey- to split, to dissect ``` Root *sek- to cut, cut off, sever ———————————————- Adjective κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενόν); first/second declension empty Antonyms: μεστός (mestós), πλήρης (plḗrēs) vain, fruitless exhausted, void, destitute κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενό) Adjective empty, free, vacant Synonyms άδειος (empty) see: αδειάζω (adeiázo, “to empty, to clear out”) κενός • (kenós) m (feminine κενή, neuter κενόν); first/second declension Adjective empty Antonyms: μεστός (mestós), πλήρης (plḗrēs) vain, fruitless exhausted, void, destitute κενεών • (keneṓn) m (genitive κενεῶνος); third declension (anatomy) hollow between ribs and hip, flank Synonym: λᾰγών (lagṓn) hollow of the peritonaeum any hollow; vacant space From κενός (kenós, “empty, hollow”). Antonym Adjective μεστός • (mestós) full ``` μεστός • (mestós) m (feminine μεστή, neuter μεστό) Adjective ripe (cereal crops) tough (peas, etc) full mature see: μεστώνω (mestóno, “to ripen”) ``` Antonym πλήρης • (plḗrēs) m or f (neuter πλῆρες); third declension full [+genitive = of something], complete ``` πληρόω • (plēróō) Verb to fill, make full to finish, complete to fulfill ``` πλήρης (plḗrēs, “full”) +‎ -όω (-óō, factitive verb suffix) ———————————————- cipher (plural ciphers) A numeric character. Any text character. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram. a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. A method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning. The message was written in a simple cipher. Anyone could figure it out. (cryptography) A cryptographic system using an algorithm that converts letters or sequences of bits into ciphertext. Ciphertext; a message concealed via a cipher. The message is clearly a cipher, but I can't figure it out. A grouping of three digits in a number, especially when delimited by commas or periods: The probability is 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000 — a number having five ciphers of zeros. (music) A fault in an organ valve which causes a pipe to sound continuously without the key having been pressed. A hip-hop jam session.[2] The path (usually circular) shared cannabis takes through a group, an occasion of cannabis smoking. Someone or something of no importance; a nonentity (dated) Zero. cipher (third-person singular simple present ciphers, present participle ciphering, simple past and past participle ciphered) (intransitive, regional, dated) To calculate. I never learned much more than how to read and cipher. (intransitive) To write in code or cipher. (intransitive, music) Of an organ pipe: to sound independent of the organ. (obsolete) To decipher. Middle English cifre The mathematical symbol or figure 0, representing the number zero. (rare) Any symbol or figure used in mathematics. (figuratively, rare) Something that improves something else's worth despite being without worth alone. from Arabic صِفْر‎ (ṣifr). صَفِرَ • (ṣafira) I, non-past يَصْفَرُ‎‎ (yaṣfaru) Verb to be empty, to be devoid, to be vacantN Etymology 3 Causative of صَفِرَ‎ (ṣafira, “to be empty”). Verb[edit] صَفَّرَ • (ṣaffara) II, non-past يُصَفِّرُ‎‎ (yuṣaffiru) to empty, to void, to vacate, to evacuate, to free EMPTY αδειάζω • (adeiázo) (past άδειασα, passive —) (transitive) clear out, pour out, decant, unload Αδειάστε το περιεχόμενο στην κατσαρόλα Adeiáste to periechómeno stin katsaróla Empty the contents into the pan. (intransitive) to be empty Το σχολείο αδειάζει το καλοκαίρι· τα παιδιά πάνε διακοπές. To scholeío adeiázei to kalokaíri; ta paidiá páne diakopés. The school is empty in the summer; the children are on vacation. (colloquial) be available Έλα να με βοηθήσεις. — Δεν αδειάζω, έχω πολλή δουλειά. Éla na me voïthíseis. — Den adeiázo, écho pollí douleiá. Come and help me. — I am not free, I have too much work. from Ancient Greek ἄδεια (ádeia, “no fear; abundance”). ἄδειᾰ • (ádeia) f (genitive ἀδείᾱς); first declension freedom from fear, security safe conduct, amnesty, indemnity licence, permit From ἀδεής (adeḗs, “fearless”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ia). ``` άδεια • (ádeia) f (plural άδειες) Noun permission leave of absence permit licence (UK, Australasia, Canada), license (US) ``` αδειάζω (adeiázo, “to have time to spare, to be at a loose end, to fire a gun”) αδειούχος (adeioúchos, “on leave, licenced, licensed”) άδεια οδήγησης f (ádeia odígisis, “driving licence”) ᾰ̓δεής • (adeḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓δεές); third declension (Attic, Ionic, Epic) fearless, not experiencing fear not causing fear From ᾰ̓- (a-, “not”) +‎ δείδω (deídō, “to fear”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjectival suffix). δείδω • (deídō) Verb (transitive) to fear, to dread From Proto-Indo-European *dedwóye, from *dwey- (“to fear”). ``` δεινός • (deinós) m (feminine δεινή, neuter δεινόν); first/second declension Adjective terrible, horrible, fearful, astounding (neuter substantive) danger marvelous, mighty, powerful wondrous, strange able, skillful, clever shamefully timid, cowardly ``` From Proto-Indo-European *dweynós from *dwey- (“fear”); equivalent to δει- (dei-) the root of δείδω (deídō), +‎ -νος (-nos). δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun fear, alarm reason for fear δέος • (déos) n (uncountable) Noun awe (a feeling of fear and reverence) awe (usually uncountable, plural awes) A feeling of fear and reverence. A feeling of amazement. (archaic) Power to inspire awe. awe (third-person singular simple present awes, present participle awing or aweing, simple past and past participle awed) (transitive) To inspire fear and reverence in. (transitive) To control by inspiring dread. from Old English ege, æge (“fear, terror, dread”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos. Noun *h₂égʰos n (emotional) distress Root *h₂egʰ- to be upset, afraid ἄχος • (ákhos) n (genitive ἄχεος or ἄχους); third declension distress pain, ache Compare Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil”), Adjective अघ • (aghá) bad, evil, sinful, dangerous

Answer 585

DEPEND εξαρτώ (“depend upon or owe [one’s] existence to”) εξαρτώ • (exartó) (past εξάρτησα, passive εξαρτιέμαι/εξαρτώμαι) Verb be dependent upon owe existence to ανεξάρτητος (anexártitos, “independent”) ανεξαρτησία • (anexartisía) f (plural ανεξαρτησίες) Noun independence emancipation ανεξάρτητα (anexártita, “independently”, adverb) ανεξαρτητοποίηση f (anexartitopoíisi, “independence, making independent”) ανεξαρτητοποιώ (anexartitopoió, “to free”) ανεξάρτητος (anexártitos, “independent, free”) ανεξαρτήτως (anexartítos, “irrespective of”) ανεξαρτοποιώ (anexartopoió, “to free”) ——————————————————— αυτονομία • (aftonomía) f (plural αυτονομίες) Noun autonomy (self-government) ——————————————————— Synonyms κρεμώ (kremó, “to hang upon, to be dependent upon”) κρεμιέμαι • (kremiémai) passive (past κρεμάστηκα, ppp κρεμασμένος, active κρεμάω/κρεμώ) I am hung, I hung (figuratively) be dependent upon Its meaning is "I suspend from" ``` κρεμάω • (kremáo) (imperfect κρεμούσα/κρέμαγα, past κρέμασα, passive κρεμιέμαι, p‑past κρεμάστηκα, ppp κρεμασμένος) hang, hang upon, suspend hang (execute) (the passive) see κρεμιέμαι (kremiémai) alternative form: κρέμομαι (krémomai) ``` κρεμάμενος (kremámenos, participle) perfect participle of ancient κρέμαμαι, a passive of κρεμάω/κρεμάννυμι (kremánnumi) ακρέμαστος (akrémastos, “unhung, unhanged”) εκκρεμώ (ekkremó, “to be left hanging”) & related κρεμάλα f (kremála, “scaffold, gibbet, gallows”) κρέμαμαι (krémamai, “to be suspended”) & related κρεμανταλάς m (kremantalás, “tall, clumsy man”) κρεμασίδι n (kremasídi, “pendant”) κρέμασμα n (krémasma, “stringing up, hanging, hanging up”, noun) κρεμασμένος (kremasménos, participle) κρεμαστάρι n (kremastári, “hangings”) κρεμαστή γέφυρα f (kremastí géfyra, “suspension bridge”) κρεμαστός (kremastós, “suspended”) κρεμάστρα f (kremástra, “peg, hanger”) ξεκρεμάω (xekremáo, “to unhang”) & related ψηλοκρεμαστός (psilokremastós, “pitched high”) ανεξάρτητος • (anexártitos) m (feminine ανεξάρτητη, neuter ανεξάρτητο) independent, freelance αν- (not, neg-) privative + εξαρτώ (“depend upon or owe [one’s] existence to”) +‎ -τος (-verbal adjective) privative (comparative more privative, superlative most privative) causing privation; depriving consisting in the absence of something; negative (grammar) indicating the absence of something αν- • (an-) Alternative form of ανα- (ana-) before vowels form of privative of α- (a-) before vowels ανα- • (ana-) re- (used before both nouns and verbs to indicate repetition) ‎ανα- (ana-) + ‎διοργανώνω (diorganóno, “to organise”) → ‎αναδιοργανώνω (anadiorganóno, “to reorganise”) ‎ανα- (ana-) + ‎ζητώ (zitó, “to look for”) → ‎αναζητώ (anazitó, “to search for, to rummage”) ‎ανα- (ana-) + ‎βαπτίζω (vaptízo, “to baptise”) → ‎αναβαπτίζω (anavaptízo, “to rebaptise”) indicating above or upward ‎ανα- (ana-) + ‎βαστάζω (vastázo, “to carry or support”) → ‎αναβαστάζω (anavastázo, “to hold up high”) -τος • (-tos) Creates verbal adjectives.

Answer 586

RELATIVE RELATE - RELATIVE - RELATION - LINKED - REFERENCE σχετίζω Verb relate (passive voice: relate) another form of associate σχετίζομαι I am logically or causally connected to something. I have a relationship with something. (rarely) I connect socially or friendly with someone, I have a social or friendly relationship I have an affair or relationship with a person σχετίζομαι relate: passive voice of the verb relate σχετίζω σχετίζω < σχετ(ικός) + -ίζω related relate (v.) 1520s, "to recount, tell," from French relater "refer, report" (14c.) from Latin relatus, used as past participle of referre "bring back, bear back" (see refer) from re- "back, again" + lātus "borne, carried" (see oblate (n.)). Meaning "stand in some relation; have reference or respect" is from 1640s; transitive sense of "bring (something) into relation with (something else)" is from 1690s. Meaning "to establish a relation between" is from 1771. Sense of "to feel connected or sympathetic to" is attested from 1950, originally in psychology jargon. Related: Related; relating. ``` Participle lātus (feminine lāta, neuter lātum); first/second-declension participle perfect passive participle of ferō: borne, carried, having been carried suffered, endured, having been suffered reported, having been reported ``` from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂tós, from the root *telh₂- ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology From *telh₂- +‎ *-tós. Adjective *tl̥h₂tós (non-ablauting) lifted ``` Root *telh₂- (perfective) to bear, to undergo, to endure Latin: lātus (a suppletive conjugation of the unrelated ferō (“to bear, carry”) τᾰ́λαντον • (tálanton) n (genitive τᾰλάντου); second declension balance, scale (usually in the plural) tax paid for use of public scales anything weighed talent (weight, often of gold or silver) the monetary sum equaling a talent (weight) of gold or silver From Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂ent-, from *telh₂-, whence also ἔτλην (étlēn, “to carry, endure”). ἔτλην • (étlēn) (poetic) to suffer, undergo; endure, be patient, submit (sometimes with accusative) (poetic) to bring oneself to do something contrary to one's inclination or feelings, good or bad: dare, venture, have the courage, have the cruelty to do (with infinitive, accusative or participle) Related to τάλαντον (tálanton, “(measuring) scale, talent”) from Old English þolian þolian to suffer, endure ġeþolian to be subjected, to suffer what is evil, thole, endure, sustain to undergo treatment to bear some condition to stop, wait, continue, be patient under, remain From ġe- +‎ þolian Gothic Etymology From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (þulān). Cognate with Old English geþolian, Old Saxon githolōn. Verb[edit] 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 • (gaþulān) (perfective) to suffer, endure From 𐌲𐌰- (complete, whole, perfected) + 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (suffer, endure) 𐌲𐌰- • (ga-) Indicates completeness or wholeness. In verbs, also indicates perfectivity (a finished action). Indicates togetherness or association: co- 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 • (þulān) to suffer, endure

Answer 587

DESIGN see: σχέδιο n (schédio, “sketch, drawing”) σχέδιο • (schédio) n (plural σχέδια) design, plan, drawing, pattern (representation of something on paper, etc) Synonyms: σχεδίαση (schedíasi), σχεδιάγραμμα (schediágramma) draft (early version) design, planning (action or taught subject) plan (for future activities) σχεδιάζω • (schediázo) (past σχεδίασα, passive σχεδιάζομαι, p‑past σχεδιάστηκα, ppp σχεδιασμένος) draw, design, plan σχεδιαστής • (schediastís) m (plural σχεδιαστές, feminine σχεδιάστρια) designer, drawer, draughtsman from Ancient Greek σχεδιάζω (skhediázō, “do a thing offhand”) neuter of σχέδιος (skhédios, “casual, offhand”). σχεδιαστήριο • (schediastírio) n (plural σχεδιαστήρια) drawing board, drafting table drawing office σχεδιαστής • (schediastís) m (plural σχεδιαστές, feminine σχεδιάστρια) designer, drawer, draughtsman ——————————— σχέδῐος • (skhédios) m (feminine σχεδίᾱ, neuter σχέδῐον); first/second declension Adjective near, close temporary, offhand, casual, unprepared From σχεδόν (skhedón, “near”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). ``` Adverb σχεδόν • (skhedón) near, nearby nearly, almost From ἔχω (ékhō, “I hold”) ``` Adverb σχεδόν • (schedón) almost —————————————- αντισχέδιο • (antischédio) n (plural αντισχέδια) counterplan Related terms εκτός σχεδίου (ektós schedíou, “outside of the urban planning area”, adj) σχεδιάζομαι (schediázomai, “to be drawn, designed”) σχεδιάζω (schediázo, “to draw, design”) σχεδιαστήριο n (schediastírio, “drawing board”) σχεδιαστής m (schediastís, “draughtsman, designer”) σχεδιάστρια f (schediástria, “draughtswoman, designer”) ————————————————— ``` More meanings for σχεδιαστής (schediastí̱s) designer noun 98% of use σχεδιαστής planner noun 1% of use σχεδιαστής draftsman noun rare σχεδιαστής modeler noun rare προπλάστης framer noun rare σχεδιαστής stylist noun rare στυλίστας, λογοτέχνης, γλαφυρός συγγεφεύς projector noun rare προβολέας, προβολεύς schemer noun rare μηχανορράφος, σκευωρός sketcher noun rare σκιτσογράφος, ιχνογράφος draughtsman noun rare σχεδιαστής ```

Answer 588

SUMMARY - ARRIVE AT A CONCLUSION PUT FACTS TOGETHER from sun and hiémi (to send) syníēmi ("put facts together") means to arrive at a summary or final understanding (complete with life-applications). properly, to set or bring together. From sun and hiemi (to send); to put together, i.e. (mentally) to comprehend; by implication, to act piously -- consider, understand, be wise. ``` συνίημι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: suniémi Phonetic Spelling: (soon-ee'-ay-mee) Definition: to set together, to understand Usage: I consider, understand, perceive. ``` 4920 syníēmi (from 4862 /sýn, "together with" and hiēmi, "put, send") – properly, put together, i.e. join facts (ideas) into a comprehensive (inter-locking) whole; synthesize. 4920 /syníēmi ("put facts together") means to arrive at a summary or final understanding (complete with life-applications). Accordingly, 4920 (syníēmi) is closely connected with discerning and doing "the preferred-will of God" (2307 /thélēma). Eph 5:17: "So then do not be foolish (878 /áphrōn), but understand (4920 /syníēmi) what the preferred-will (2307 /thélēma) of the Lord is (2307 /thélēma)." ———————————————- summary (adj.) early 15c., "brief, abbreviated; containing the sum or substance only," from Medieval Latin summarius "of or pertaining to the sum or substance," from Latin summa "whole, totality, gist" (see sum (n.)). Compare Latin phrase ad summam "on the whole, generally, in short." Sense of "done promptly, performed without hesitation or formality" is from 1713. sum (v.) early 14c., "to count, count up, calculate, reckon," from Old French sommer "to count, add up," or directly from Medieval Latin summare, from summa (see sum (n.)). Meaning "briefly state the substance of" is first recorded 1620s (since c. 1700 usually with up). conclude (v.) early 14c., "confute or frustrate an opponent in argument, end an argument by winning it," from Latin concludere "to shut up, enclose," from assimilated form of com "together" (see con-) + -cludere, combining form of claudere "to shut" (see close (v.)). Meanings "reach a mental determination, deduce; infer or determine by reason" are from late 14c., a sense also in Latin. General sense of "bring to an end, finish, terminate," and intransitive sense of "come to an end" are from late 14c. Meaning "settle, arrange, determine finally" is from early 15c. Sometimes in Middle English it was used in the etymological sense, "shut in" (late 14c.). Latin: claudēre Verb claudēre second-person singular future passive indicative of claudō ``` claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum); third conjugation I shut, close, lock I imprison, confine I besiege, blockade I limit, restrict ``` ``` Verb claudeō (present infinitive claudēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem I limp; I am lame. I falter, stumble. From claudus (“limping, lame”) +‎ -eō. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”). Participle clausus (feminine clausa, neuter clausum, comparative clausior); first/second-declension participle closed, inaccessible; having been closed enclosed, having been shut off shut, sealed, having been locked up (figuratively, of a person) deaf, unhearing, unreachable. Perfect passive participle of claudō (“I shut, close”). ``` conclūdō (present infinitive conclūdere, perfect active conclūsī, supine conclūsum); third conjugation I conclude/finish. I define. I shut up, confine, contain. I infer, deduce, imply. ``` From con- +‎ claudō ——————————————— ἀνίημι from ana and hiémi (to send) ἀνίημι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: aniémi Phonetic Spelling: (an-ee'-ay-mee) Definition: to send up, produce, send back Usage: I send up, produce, send back; I let go; I relax, loosen, hence met: I give up, desist from. 447 aníēmi (from 303 /aná, "up" and 2447 /iós, "send") – properly, send up so as to loosen; let go ("sink"); fail to uphold; to desert (abandon), especially what has already been trusted or embraced. (Note the process implied with the prefix, ana.) to send up, produce, send back to send back; to relax; contextually, to loosen forbear, give up, loosen. From ana and hiemi (to send); to let up, i.e. (literally) slacken or (figuratively) desert, desist from -- forbear, leave, loose.

Answer 589

RULE - STANDARD MEASURE Also: CANNON - GUN BARREL (might makes right) AGREED UNIT OF MEASURE κανόνας • (kanónas) m (plural κανόνες) (religion) canon (books of the Bible) (music) canon, round canon, rule, regulations κᾰνών • (kanṓn) m (genitive κᾰνόνος); third declension rod, pole, bar rods used in shields type of rod used in weaving measuring rod, carpenter's rule, plumb line, level (music) monochord something to judge by, rule, norm, general principle model, paradigm tax assessment, tax, tariff (music) qanun Generally connected with κάννα (kánna, “reed”). κᾰ́ννᾱ • (kánnā) f (genitive κᾰ́ννης); first declension giant reed (Arundo donax) reed mat κάννη • (kánni) f (plural κάννες) gun barrel Borrowed from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”) 𒄀 (QANÛ) reed a certain unit of length Whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀜𐀛𐀠 (ko-no-ni-pi /konōni-pʰi/) From Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). ``` Aramaic: קַנְיָא‎ / ܩܢܝܐ‎ (qanyā) Noun קַנְיָא • (qanyā) m (plural קְנַיָּא (qenayyā), absolute state קְנֵי‎ (qnē)) cane, reed straw, stalk measuring rod, yardstick pen ``` ``` Classical Syriac Noun ܩܢܝܐ • (qanyā) m (plural ܩܢܝܬܐ‎ (qenayyā) or ܩܢܝܐ) reed, cane, stem straw, stalk, haulm rope of twisted rushes reed pen, pen shaft, pipe, branch of candlestick (anatomy) various senses: arm, forearm; elbow; shoulder; scapula, shoulder blade, wingbone; trachea, windpipe; urinary tract, penis scale, balance, beam of balance measuring rod various units of measurement: cubit; 8 cubits; 6 fathoms; square rod ``` ܩܢܝܐ • (qannāyā) m (plural ܩܢܝܐ (qannāyē)) possessor, owner, purchaser rich man (grammar) qualifier, indicator Latin: canna f (genitive cannae); first declension A reed, cane. Synonyms: calamus, harundō (by extension) Anything made of reed or cane; reed-pipe, flute; gondola; windpipe. Synonyms: harundō, tībia ``` Hebrew Noun קָנֶה • (kané) f (plural indefinite קָנִים‎, singular construct קְנֵה־, plural construct קְנֵי־‎) a cane: a long hollow stick (weaponry) a barrel: the metallic tube of a gun a branch of a candelabra a trachea, a windpipe a reed (botany) a stem, a cane, a stalk (units of measure) a rod, six cubits ``` Verb קָנָה • (kaná) (pa'al construction, infinitive לִקְנוֹת‎, passive counterpart נִקְנָה‎) to buy, to purchase ‏קניתי אתמול פיצה‎ ― kanití 'etmól pítsa ― Yesterday I bought pizza. to get, to obtain, to acquire to possess, to captivate (colloquial) to accept as true, to believe ``` Sicilian canna f (plural canni) Sicilian Wikipedia has articles on: Canna reed, stick, rattan; a cane, rod, instrument, or other item made out of such material barrel (as of a gun or cannon) tube, pipe (as on a pump organ or a trachea) canna d'organu ― organ pipe ``` ——————————————————- διέπω διέπω • (diépo) (past —, passive διέπομαι) found only in the present tense (usually in 3rd person) apply, determine, govern ——————————————————- χαρακώνω Verb I am engraved fill with parallel straight lines using a ruler I make scratches on something, I carve we carve the olives before we put them in the water to clear them I cause a deep incision in the skin with a sharp instrument he hit her badly and scratched her hand out of jealousy ``` χαράκωμα Noun (“trench”) the process or result of engraving trench in which soldiers are fortified during battle ``` ——————————————————- κυβερνώ Verb κυβερνώ • (kyvernó) / κυβερνάω (past κυβέρνησα, passive κυβερνώμαι/κυβερνιέμαι, p‑past κυβερνήθηκα, ppp κυβερνημένος) rule, govern captain navigate see: κυβέρνηση f (kyvérnisi, “government”) κῠβερνᾰ́ω • (kubernáō) to steer, drive, am a steersman, pilot to guide, govern, direct from κύρβεις (kúrbeis, “turnable wooden cylinders”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerb- (“to turn”) κῠ́ρβεις • (kúrbeis) f (genitive κῠ́ρβεων); third declension (at Athens) triangular tablets, forming a three-sided pyramid, turning on a pivot, upon which the early laws were inscribed (later) all pillars or tablets with inscriptions (figuratively) the Pillars of Hercules (figuratively) pettifogging lawyer, as if a walking statute book Etymology As a technical expression, suspected of being a loan, perhaps from Pre-Greek. According to Beekes, the older connection with καρπός (karpós, “wrist”) is unacceptable. Compare Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”) and English whirl. English whirl (third-person singular simple present whirls, present participle whirling, simple past and past participle whirled) (intransitive) To rotate, revolve, spin or turn rapidly. From Old English *hweorflian, frequentative... From of Old English hweorfan (“to turn”) hweorfan to turn, change to depart, go, proceed to travel, roam, go about, wander, move about to return

Answer 590

AGREE - SYMPHONY From συμ (together, with) + φωνώ (sound, voice, speak) συμφωνώ • (symfonó) (past συμφώνησα, passive συμφωνούμαι, p‑past συμφωνήθηκα, ppp συμφωνημένος) agree, agree with correspond, match accord with, in harmony with, consistant with agree (v.) late 14c., "to give consent, assent," from Old French agreer "to please, satisfy; to receive with favor, take pleasure in" (12c.), a contraction of phrase a gré "favorably, of good will," literally "to (one's) liking" (or a like contraction in Medieval Latin) from a, from Latin ad "to" (see ad-) + Old French gre, gret "that which pleases," from Latin gratum, neuter of gratus "pleasing, welcome, agreeable" (from suffixed form of PIE root *gwere- (2) "to favor"). In Middle English also "to please, gratify, satisfy," a sense preserved in agreeable. Of parties, "come to agreement; make a settlement," mid-15c.; meaning "to be in harmony in opinions" is from late 15c. Of things, "to coincide," from 1520s. To agree to differ is from 1785 (also agree to disagree, 1792). Related: Agreed; agreeing. ad- word-forming element expressing direction toward or in addition to, from Latin ad "to, toward" in space or time; "with regard to, in relation to," as a prefix, sometimes merely emphatic, from PIE root *ad- "to, near, at." *gwere- (2) gwerə-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to favor." It forms all or part of: agree; bard (n.); congratulate; congratulation; disgrace; grace; gracious; grateful; gratify; gratis; gratitude; gratuitous; gratuity; gratulation; ingrate; ingratiate. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit grnati "sings, praises, announces;" Avestan gar- "to praise;" Lithuanian giriu, girti "to praise, celebrate;" Old Celtic bardos "poet, singer." ——————————————————- Antonyms διαφωνώ (diafonó, “to disagree”) Related terms[edit] ασυμφώνητος (asymfónitos) ασυμφωνία f (asymfonía) ασύμφωνος (asýmfonos) προσύμφωνο n (prosýmfono) προσυμφωνώ (prosymfonó, “agree beforehand”) συμφωνία f (symfonía, “agreement, symphony”) σύμφωνα (sýmfona, “accordingly, in accordance with”) συμφωνηθείς m (symfonitheís, “agreed upon”, participle), συμφωνηθείσα f (symfonitheísa), συμφωνηθέν n (symfonithén) συμφωνημένος (symfoniménos, “agreed”, participle) σύμφωνο n (sýmfono, “consonant; pact, treaty”) συμφωνικός (symfonikós, “symphonic”) συμφωνών (symfonón, “agreeing”), συμφωνούσα f (symfonoúsa), συμφωνούν n (symfonoún) and see: φωνή f (foní, “voice”) —————————————— φωνή • (foní) f (plural φωνές) voice, sound (music) voice, note (grammar, linguistics) voice From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoh₂-néh₂ From *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”) Whence φημί (phēmí, “to say, speak”) ``` φωνέω • (phōnéō) I produce a sound or tone (of men) I speak loud or clearly; I speak, give utterance, voice I call by name, call I speak, tell of ``` From φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix). Derived terms αγριοφωνάρα f (agriofonára, “angry shout”) γαϊδουροφωνάρα f (gaïdourofonára) ενεργητική φωνή f (energitikí foní, “active voice”) φωνάρα f (fonára) (augmentative) φωνίτσα f (fonítsa) (diminutive) φωνούλα f (fonoúla) (diminutive) Related terms αγριοφωνάρα f (agriofonára, “angry shout”) αλλόφωνο n (allófono, “allophone”) (phonology) αναφώνημα n (anafónima, “loud cry”) προικοσύμφωνο n (proikosýmfono, “dowry contract”) προσύμφωνο n (prosýmfono, “preliminary contract”) προσυμφωνώ (prosymfonó, “agree beforehand”)

Answer 591

CONSENT συγκατάθεση Noun consent consent, acceptance From συμ/συγ (together, with) + κατά (down from, intensifier) + θεση ``` θεση θέση • (thési) f (plural θέσεις) position (a place, location) job, post station, status ``` Etymology From Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “placement”) from Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”). θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop Could simply be from τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”) +‎ -σις (-sis) Latin: conditiō f (genitive conditiōnis); third declension a making, creating (Medieval Latin) condition, status, position, circumstances ``` τῐ́θημῐ • (títhēmi) I put, place, set I deposit I put down in writing I lay down (the law) (copulative) I make, cause to be ``` —————————————————— consent (v.) c. 1300, "agree, give assent; yield when one has the right, power, or will to oppose," from Old French consentir "agree; comply" (12c.) and directly from Latin consentire "agree, accord," literally "feel together," from assimilated form of com "with, together" (see con-) + sentire "to feel" (see sense (n.)). "Feeling together," hence, "agreeing, giving permission," a sense evolution that apparently took place in French before the word reached English. Related: Consented; consenting. consent (n.) c. 1300, "approval, voluntary acceptance of what is done or proposed," also "agreement in sentiment, unity in opinion," from Old French consente, from consentir "agree; comply," from Latin consentire "agree, accord," literally "feel together," from assimilated form of com "with, together" (see con-) + sentire "to feel" (see sense (n.)). In Middle English sometimes in a negative sense, "yielding (to sinful desire); connivance." Age of consent, at which one's consent to certain acts is legally valid, is attested from 1650s. sense (v.) "to perceive by the senses," 1590s, from sense (n.). Meaning "be conscious inwardly of (one's state or condition) is from 1680s. Meaning "perceive (a fact or situation) not by direct perception" is from 1872. sense (n.) c. 1400, "faculty of perception," also "meaning, import, interpretation" (especially of Holy Scripture) from Old French sens "one of the five senses; meaning; wit, understanding" Latin sensus "perception, feeling, undertaking, meaning," from sentire "perceive, feel, know," Latin: Sentire: meaning "to find one's way," or "to go mentally," from PIE root *sent- "to go" Old High German sinnan "to go, travel, strive after, have in mind, perceive," German Sinn "sense, mind," Old English sið "way, journey," Old Irish set, Welsh hynt "way"). Application to any one of the external or outward senses (touch, sight, hearing, etc.) in English first recorded 1520s. sentire to feel Mi dovrei sentire male? ― Should I feel bad? to hear Sento soltanto te. ― I hear only you. Fatti sentire. ― Don't be a stranger. (literally, “Make yourself heard”) Senti! ― Listen! to smell Riesco a sentire l'odore dell'oceano. ― I can smell the ocean. From Latin sentīre, present active infinitive of sentiō from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”) sentiō (present infinitive sentīre, perfect active sēnsī, supine sēnsum); fourth conjugation I feel, I sense, I perceive (with the senses) Synonym: percipiō I perceive, I am aware of, I am sensible of, I notice mentally, I understand (by using my senses) I have an opinion, I think, I feel I feel (an emotion) I agree (typically followed by cum) English: feel feel (third-person singular simple present feels, present participle feeling, simple past and past participle felt) (heading) To use or experience the sense of touch. (heading) To sense or think emotionally or judgmentally. (transitive) To be or become aware of. (transitive) To experience the consequences of. (copulative) To seem (through touch or otherwise). (transitive, US, slang) To understand. from Old English fēlan (“to feel, perceive, touch”) fēlan to feel; perceive; touch from Proto-Germanic *fōlijaną (“to taste, feel”) English: perceive perceive (third-person singular simple present perceives, present participle perceiving, simple past and past participle perceived) (transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses or by thinking; to see; to understand. from Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”) capiō (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third conjugation iō-variant I take, I capture, I catch, I seize, I take captive, I storm I take on I hold, I contain I occupy, I possess I take hold of, I take possession of, I possess Metus mē cepit. ― Fear took hold of me. I take in, I comprehend, I understand I reach (usually indicates traveling by sea) I take in, I receive I get, I receive (said of property, value, money) I captivate, I charm, I fascinate, I enchant from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti from the root *keh₂p- (“to seize, grab”). ``` Greek: λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I receive, get I take hold of, grasp, seize I bind (under oath) I undertake (journey) I learn, study ```

Answer 592

ABSOLUTE - UNBOUND απόλυτος • (apólytos) m (feminine απόλυτη, neuter απόλυτο) absolute, complete, total (physics) absolute απόλυτο μηδέν ― apólyto midén ― absolute zero (mathematics) cardinal απόλυτος αριθμός, απόλυτο αριθμητικό ― apólytos arithmós, apólyto arithmitikó ― cardinal number Antonym: τακτικός (taktikós) (grammar) absolute (as in ablative absolute) From Ancient Greek ἀπόλυτος (apólutos) from ἀπολύω (apolúō, “to unbind”). From ἀπο- (“from”) +‎ λῡ́ω (“to loosen”). ``` ἀπολῡ́ω • (apolū́ō) to loose from to set free from, release or relieve from (law) to acquit (sole use in the Iliad) to let go free on receipt of ransom to let go, let alone, leave to discharge or disband an army, dismiss to divorce a wife to do away with, remove to discharge or pay a debt to dismiss a charge to sell (middle) to redeem to do away with calumnies against one to acquit of to release from to depart (passive) to be released, let off to be separated, get clear, part to depart (of a child) to be brought forth to be annulled ``` ``` λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ```

Answer 593

TO NAME ὄνομᾰ • (ónoma) n (genitive ὀνόμᾰτος); third declension name fame (compare English make a name for oneself) (grammar) noun, in the wide sense: referring to most word classes that are declined for case and number – a substantive (English noun), an adjective, or a pronoun – but excluding the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) and the article ὁ (ho) (grammar) phrase ``` ὀνομάζω • (onomázō) I speak of by name, address by name (of things) I name, specify I call one something I nominate I name after I say or give names I make famous ``` Verb ἐπονομάζω • (eponomázō) to name, call (give a name to) to call by name Verb κατονομάζω • (katonomázo) (past κατονόμασα) name, identify, mention Θέλουμε να κατονομάσεις τον πραγματικό ένοχο. Théloume na katonomáseis ton pragmatikó énocho. We wish to name the real culprit. Adjective ὀνομαστός • (onomastós) m (feminine ὀνομαστή, neuter ὀνομαστόν); first/second declension named famous, of note, notable Adjective ὀνομᾰστῐκός • (onomastikós) m (feminine ὀνομᾰστῐκή, neuter ὀνομᾰστῐκόν); first/second declension good at naming Of or concerning naming (elliptically for ὀνομαστική πτῶσις (ptôsis)) the nominative case From ὀνομάζω (“to name”) +‎ -τικός (-ic) from ὄνομα (“name”). From ὄνομᾰ (“name”) +‎ -άζω (denominative verb suffix). -τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive μετονομάζω: rename πᾰρονομάζω: to be named after someone else προσονομάζω: nick name ἐξονομάζω: to be referred to by name, utter a name out loud δῐονομάζω: to distinguish by name, to be known widely ὀνομᾰσίᾱ: designation ὀνομαστής: denominator, famous, in the general of the singular κατονομασία: the process or the result I name κατονομάζω: naming I say someone's name referring to him (consequently) I reveal, I reveal ακατονόμαστα: unnamed without anyone being able to even pronounce the name of a terrible act or person Adjective ἀνώνῠμος • (anṓnumos) m or f (neuter ἀνώνῠμον); second declension anonymous, nameless From ἀν- (“without”) +‎ ὄνυμα (name) +‎ -ος (-Adj.) Noun προσηγορῐ́ᾱ • (prosēgoríā) f (genitive προσηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension friendly greeting, familiarity addressing, appellation, name (grammar) common noun, appellative From προσήγορος (“addressing, accosting”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-noun). Noun συνώνυμο • (synónymo) n (plural συνώνυμα) (linguistics) synonym σῠνώνῠμος • (sunṓnumos) m or f (neuter σῠνώνῠμον); second declension Having the same name Having only one meaning: univocal synonymous From σῠν- (“with”) +‎ ὄνῠμᾰ (“name”) +‎ -ος (-Adj.) σῠνώνῠμον • (sunṓnumon) n (genitive σῠνωνῠ́μου); second declension synonym Noun συνωνυμία • (synonymía) f (plural συνωνυμίες) (linguistics) synonymity Having the same name. Noun αντώνυμο • (antónymo) n (plural αντώνυμα) (linguistics) antonym Adjective ἐπώνῠμος • (epṓnumos) m or f (neuter ἐπώνῠμον); second declension named in a significant manner, with a significant name surnamed concerning giving one's name to something From ἐπί (epí, “upon”) +‎ ὄνυμα (ónuma) +‎ -ος (-os). ``` ἐπωνῠμίᾱ • (epōnumíā) f (genitive ἐπωνῠμίᾱς); first declension derived name significant name nickname surname ``` επωνυμία • (eponymía) f (plural επωνυμίες) nickname, sobriquet (business) distinguishing name, trade name additional name Adjective ὁμώνῠμος • (homṓnumos) m or f (neuter ὁμώνῠμον); second declension having the same name, homonymous From ὁμός (homós, “same, common”) +‎ ὄνυμα (name) +‎ -ος (-Adj.) Doric/Aeolic variant of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). ὁμώνῠμος • (homṓnumos) m (genitive ὁμωνῠ́μου); second declension namesake, homonym homonym (plural homonyms) (semantics, strict sense) A word that both sounds and is spelled the same as another word. (loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word, technically called a homophone (same sound) or a homograph (same spelling). (taxonomy) A name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another name that belongs to a different taxon. Suffix -onym name word ἑτερώνῠμος • (heterṓnumos) m or f (neuter ἑτερώνῠμον); second declension with a different name Antonym: ὁμώνῠμος (homṓnumos) with a different denominator From ἕτερος (héteros, “different, other”) +‎ ὄνυμα (ónuma) +‎ -ος (-os) ἕτερος • (héteros) m (feminine ἑτέρᾱ, neuter ἕτερον); first/second declension one or the other of two (repeated at a distance) either ... or ... (repeated consecutively) one after the other other, another, second (often of pairs) different heteronym (plural heteronyms) (linguistics) A word having the same spelling as another, but a different pronunciation and meaning. Agape, "astonished" or "wide open," is a heteronym of agape, "Christian love." (literature) A fictitious character created by an author for the purpose of writing in a different style. from hetero- (“different”) +‎ -onym (“name”) or from Ancient Greek ἑτερώνυμος (heterṓnumos), heterograph (plural heterographs) A word whose sound is the same, but spelling and meaning differ from another’s. heterophone (plural heterophones) A word whose spelling is the same, but sound differs from another’s, such as potato (pə-tāʹtō vs pəˈteɪ.toʊ) homograph (plural homographs) A word that is spelled the same as another word, usually having a different etymology. (computing) A text character or string that looks identical to another when rendered. Hyponym: homoglyph

Answer 594

GLYPH γλῠφή • (gluphḗ) f (genitive γλῠφῆς); first declension carving, carved work hole cut From γλύφω (glúphō, “to carve”) +‎ -η (-ē). γλῠ́φω • (glúphō) to carve, cut out with a knife, engrave to note down, write From Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”). Cognates include Old English clēofan (English cleave). γλύμμᾰ • (glúmma) n (genitive γλύμμᾰτος); third declension engraved figure, signet From γλύφω (glúphō, “to carve”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). Adjective γλῠπτός • (gluptós) m (feminine γλῠπτή, neuter γλῠπτόν); first/second declension (of wood or stone) fit for carving carved, engraved From γλῠ́φω (glúphō, “to carve, engrave”) +‎ -τός (-tós, adjectival suffix). γλυπτά • (glyptá) n Nominative plural form of γλυπτό (glyptó). Accusative plural form of γλυπτό (glyptó). Vocative plural form of γλυπτό (glyptó). ``` Noun γλῠφῐ́ς • (gluphís) f (genitive γλῠφῐ́δος); third declension notched end of the arrow (poetic) the arrow itself (in the plural) notches in the arrow-head penknife chisel (architecture) capitals of columns ``` From γλῠ́φω (glúphō, “to carve, engrave”) +‎ -ῐ́ς (-ís). SUFFIX -ῐς • (-is) f (genitive -ῐδος); third declension Forms feminine nouns, or feminine forms of adjectives (often accented on the ultima) τρῐ́γλῠφος • (trígluphos) m or f (neuter τρῐ́γλῠφον); second declension thrice-cloven From τρῐ- (thrice) +‎ γλῠ́φω (“to carve, engrave”) +‎ -ος (-action noun). τρῐ́γλῠφος • (trígluphos) f (genitive τρῐγλῠ́φου); second declension (architecture) triglyph, a three-grooved tablet placed at equal distances along the frieze -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Added to the zero-grade. From Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to split”). Cognates include Old English clēofan (English cleave).

Answer 595

GRAPH ``` γρᾰ́φω • (gráphō) (Epic) to scratch, cut into to draw, sketch, paint to write to write down, propose a law (middle) (indirect reflexive) write down for oneself, note down to indict, prosecute (perfect passive) be written down, be in written form ``` γράφω • (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι) write, pen record issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc) Antonyms ξεγράφω (xegráfo, “strike out”) Related terms More than 60 compounds with -γράφω or -γραφώ[1] e.g. αντιγράφω (antigráfo, “to copy, to cheat”) εγγράφω (engráfo, “enrol, register”) επιγράφω (epigráfo, “inscribe, entitle”) σκηνογραφώ (skinografó, “direct film or play”) συγγράφω (syngráfo, “to write (a book, etc), to author”) υπογράφω (ypográfo, “to sign”) γραφ- [2] (-γραφία, -γράφος, -γράφημα, -γράφηση) e.g. καταγραφικό (katagrafikó, “chart recorder, datalogger”) γραφσ- > γραψ- εγγράψιμος (engrápsimos, “able to be enrolled”) γράψιμο n (grápsimo, “writing”) γραφμ- > γραμμ- [3] γραπτός (graptós, “written”) and γραπτ- υπογράφω • (ypográfo) (past υπέγραψα/υπόγραψα, passive υπογράφομαι) sign, put signature to (journalism) add byline ανυπόγραφος (anypógrafos, “unsigned”) ενυπόγραφος (enypógrafos, “signed, with signature”) προσυπογραφή f (prosypografí) προσυπογράφω (prosypográfo, “cosign”) υπογεγραμμένη f (ypogegramméni, “subscript -of iota-”, Ancient grammar) υπογεγραμμένος (ypogegramménos, “signed”, participle (formal)) υπογραμμένος (ypogramménos, “signed”, participle) υπογραφείς (ypografeís, “signed”, participle (formal)) υπογραφή f (ypografí, “signature”) υπογραφόμενος (ypografómenos, participle (formal)) υπογράφων (ypográfon, “signed”, participle (formal)) and see: γράφω (gráfo, “write”) αντιγράφω • (antigráfo) (past αντέγραψα, passive αντιγράφομαι) copy, copy out, reproduce a document plagiarise, cheat Synonym: λογοκλοπώ (logoklopó) (figuratively) copy, mimic Learned, from Ancient Greek ἀντιγράφω ("write in answer"). Morphologically, from αντι- (“in place of, opposite”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). αντιγραφέας m or f (antigraféas, “copyist, scribe”) αντιγραφή f (antigrafí, “copying, plagiarism”) αντιγραφικός (antigrafikós, “copying”, adjective) αντίγραφο n (antígrafo, “edition, copy”) and see: γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) γραφή • (grafí) f (plural γραφές) writing, script (written characters that express some meaning) handwriting, hand (style of writing) the Bible γραφο- (grafo-, “writing, written”) γραφείο n (grafeío, “office, desk”) γραφίδα f (grafída, “pen, writer”) γραφική ύλη f (grafikí ýli, “stationery, writing materials”) γραφικός (grafikós, “written”) γραφίς f (grafís, “pen”) γραφομηχανή f (grafomichaní, “typewriter”) ``` γρᾰφή • (graphḗ) f (genitive γρᾰφῆς); first declension drawing painting writing, a writing description ``` From γράφω (gráphō) +‎ -η (-feminine abstract noun). γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) +‎ -ιμο (gerund -ing) γράψιμο • (grápsimo) n (plural γραψίματα) writing (written letters or symbols that express some meaning) hand (style of penmanship), handwriting -ιμο • (-imo) n added to a verb form to create gerund nouns: ‎τρέχω (trécho, “to run”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎τρέξιμο (tréximo, “running”) ‎φταίω (ftaío, “to be at fault”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎φταίξιμο (ftaíximo, “blame”) ‎σφάζω (sfázo, “to slaughter”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎σφάξιμο (sfáximo, “slaughter”) ‎ντύνω (dýno, “to dress”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎ντύσιμο (dýsimo, “dressing”) ‎φτύνω (ftýno, “to spit”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎φτύσιμο (ftýsimo, “spitting”) -μα • (-ma) n added to a verb form to create gerund and action nouns: ‎καπνίζω (kapnízo, “to smoke”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎κάπνισμα (kápnisma, “smoking”) ‎ζεσταίνω (zestaíno, “to heat up”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎ζέσταμα (zéstama, “warming up”) ‎τελειώνω (teleióno, “to end”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎τελείωμα (teleíoma, “ending”) ‎ανοίγω (anoígo, “to open”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎άνοιγμα (ánoigma, “opening”)

Answer 596

SUSPICION - SUSPECT υποψία • (ypopsía) f (plural υποψίες) suspicion Declension declension of υποψία ``` Related terms ύποπτος m (ýpoptos, “suspect”) ύποπτη f (ýpopti, “suspect”) ύποπτος (ýpoptos, “suspect”) (adjective) υποπτεύομαι (ypoptévomai, “to suspect”) ``` ύποπτος • (ýpoptos) m (feminine ύποπτη, neuter ύποπτο) suspicious, suspect incriminating sleazy Verb υποπτεύομαι • (ypoptévomai) deponent (past υποπτεύτηκα/υποπτεύθηκα) suspect, be suspicious from Ancient Greek ὑποπτεύω + -ομαι (suffix for passive verbs) υποψιάζομαι • (ypopsiázomai) deponent (past υποψιάστηκα), neologism: active υποψιάζω (ypopsiázo) suspect Τον υποψιάζομαι ότι λέει ψέματα. Ton ypopsiázomai óti léei psémata. I suspect him of lying. υποψία f (ypopsía, “suspicion”) ύποπτος (ýpoptos, “suspicious, incriminating”) ύποπτος m (ýpoptos, “suspect”) ύποπτη f (ýpopti, “suspect”) ``` Verb ῠ̔ποπτεύω • (hupopteúō) I suspect, I hold in suspicion. I guess, I suppose. I observe, I notice. ``` From the future stem of ῠ̔φοράω (“I suspect”) +‎ -εύω (-verb).

Answer 597

BELIEF ġelīefan (West Saxon) to believe to believe in Equivalent to ġe- +‎ līefan. Old English līefan (West Saxon) (transitive) to give leave; grant; allow; consent (transitive) to believe; trust; confide in related to Old English lēaf (“permission, leave”). Latin liber (“bast; book”) ġe- used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process" forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Adverb *ḱóm beside, near, by, with From Proto-Germanic *galaubijaną (“to believe, to hold valuable or pleasing”) from *ga-laub- (“dear, pleasing”) from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“like, love”). ``` Proto-Indo-European / *lewbʰ- Root *lewbʰ- to desire, covet, want (someone or something) to admire, praise to love ``` Proto-italic Verb *luβēō to desire Latin: libet (present infinitive libēre, perfect active libuit or libitum est); second conjugation, no passive (with dative) it is pleasing; it is agreeable.

Answer 598

CONSIDER consider (third-person singular simple present considers, present participle considering, simple past and past participle considered) (transitive) To think about seriously. (intransitive) To think about something seriously or carefully: to deliberate. (transitive) To think of doing. (ditransitive) To assign some quality to. (transitive) To look at attentively. (transitive) To take up as an example. (transitive, parliamentary procedure) To debate (or dispose of) a motion. To have regard to; to take into view or account; to pay due attention to; to respect. cōnsīderō (present infinitive cōnsīderāre, perfect active cōnsīderāvī, supine cōnsīderātum); first conjugation I examine, look at or inspect I consider I investigate From con- + sīder-, a radical perhaps related to sīdus (“star; constellation”) (compare dēsīderō), but the connection is unclear. ``` sīdus n (genitive sīderis); third declension constellation, asterism a star Synonyms: astēr, astrum, stēlla (poetic) the night sky (figuratively) a season (of the year) ``` Etymology Compare Ancient Greek σίδηρος (sídēros). Some derive this from Proto-Indo-European *sweid- whence Latin sūdor, Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs), English sweat. ``` σῐ́δηρος • (sídēros) m (genitive σῐδήρου); second declension iron iron tool sword blacksmith's shop, smithy See below: bottom of list... ———————————————————— ``` Translations of consider θεωρώ consider, regard, view, assume, deem, count εξετάζω examine, consider, pry, question, think about, investigate μελετώ study, meditate, contemplate, consider, peruse, deliberate σκέπτομαι think, meditate, speculate, consider, contemplate, cogitate λαμβάνω υπ' όψιν consider, think of, consult σκέφτομαι • (skéftomai) deponent (past σκέφτηκα/σκέφθηκα) (formal σκέφθηκα as from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)) think, ponder, consider Σκεφτόμουν τι μπορούσαμε να κάνουμε. Skeftómoun ti boroúsame na kánoume. Ι was thinking what we could do. άσκεφτος (áskeftos, “reckless”) απερίσκεπτος (aperískeptos, “reckless”) απερισκεψία f (aperiskepsía, “recklessness”) ξανασκέφτομαι (xanaskéftomai, “to rethink”) περίσκεπτος (perískeptos) περίσκεψη f (perískepsi) πολυσκέφτομαι (polyskéftomai, “to think a lot”) σκέψη f (sképsi, “thought”) σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”) σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”) σκεπτικό n (skeptikó) σκεπτικός (skeptikós) σκεφτικός (skeftikós) and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai) σκεφτικός • (skeftikós) m (feminine σκεφτική, neuter σκεφτικό) Adjective Alternative form of σκεπτικός (skeptikós) Sceptic ————————————————————— SYNONYM ``` θεωρώ • (theoró) (past θεώρησα, passive θεωρούμαι) consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω (nomízo) scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω (eléncho) validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω (epikyróno) examine (a text to make corrections.) ``` θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry From θεωρέω (“to look at; to consider, contemplate”) +‎ -μα (noun). θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension spectator envoy sent to consult an oracle From θέᾱ (théā, “sight”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”). Although with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”). θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension view, sight θεά f (theá, “goddess”) θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine) one who sees or goes to see spectator, member of the audience in the theater one who contemplates θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές) spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker θεάομαι (“to gaze at”) +‎ -της (masculine agent noun suffix) θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό) Adjective visible, in sight, seen η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης ― i theatí plevrá tis Selínis ― the visible side of the moon Synonym: ορατός (oratós) αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο) Adjective invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon) ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό) Adjective visible, in sight, seen θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) theatre (UK), theater (US) dramatic art theatre of war αθέατος (athéatos, “invisible”) αθεάτριστος (atheátristos, “not theatre going”) αντιθεατρικά (antitheatriká, “untheatrically”) αντιθεατρικός (antitheatrikós, “untheatrical”) αντιθεατρικώς (antitheatrikós, “untheatrically”) θέα (théa, “view”) θεατός (theatós, “visible”) θεατρικά (theatriká, “theatrically”) θεατρικός (theatrikós, “theatrical”) θεατρικώς (theatrikós, “theatrically”) θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment αθεάτριστος • (atheátristos) m (feminine αθεάτριστη, neuter αθεάτριστο) Adjective not theatregoing, ignorant of the theatre, untheatrical θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension theatre, gathering place play, spectacle From θεάομαι (“to view”) +‎ -τρον (instrument noun). ————————————————————— SYNONYM ``` λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize (of a god) I possess (of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand (logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure quotations ▼ I check myself ``` ————————————————————— SYNONYM εξετάζω εξετάζω • (exetázo) (past εξέτασα, passive εξετάζομαι) examine, investigate, question From ἐξ- (ex-, “from”) +‎ ἐτάζω (etázō, “examine, test”) ἐτάζω • (etázō) to examine, test Denominative of ἐτός (etós, “true”). ἐξέτᾰσῐς • (exétasis) f (genitive ἐξετᾰ́σεως); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) cloese examination, scrutiny, test, inquiry military inspection or review arrangement, order From ἐξετᾰ́ζω (“to examine, scrutinize, review”) +‎ -σῐς (noun). Denominative of ἐτός (etós, “true”). ``` έτος • (étos) n (plural έτη) year volume (issues of a periodical over a period of one year) Coordinate terms διετία f (dietía, “biennium”) δεκαετία f (dekaetía, “decade”) αιώνας m (aiónas, “century”) χιλιετία f (chilietía, “millennium”) Derived terms[edit] ετήσιος m (etísios, “yearly”) έτος φωτός n (étos fotós, “light year”) ``` ἔτος • (étos) n (genitive ἔτεος or ἔτους); third declension year έτος in English year light year financial year fiscal year ————————————————————— SYNONYM μελετώ From modern μελετώ (meletó) from Ancient Greek μελετῶ (meletô, “think”) contracted form of μελετάω (meletáō)) + modern suffix -άω (-áo) μελετάω • (meletáo) / μελετώ (past μελέτησα, passive μελετιέμαι/μελετώμαι, p‑past μελετήθηκα, ppp μελετημένος) study Μελετάει πάρα πολύ, είναι μελετηρός. Meletáei pára polý, eínai meletirós. Ηe practices a lot, he is very studious. Synonym: διαβάζω (diavázo) practise (UK), practice (US) Μελετάει πιάνο τρεις ώρες τη μέρα. Meletáei piáno treis óres ti méra. She practices piano three hours per day. contemplate, deliberate (mostly for variant μελετώ) research, investigate Το σχέδιο μελετάται από επιτροπή του υπουργείου. To schédio meletátai apó epitropí tou ypourgeíou. The project is examined by a ministry's committee. Synonym: ερευνώ (erevnó) ερευνάω • (erevnáo) / ερευνώ (past ερεύνησα, passive ερευνώμαι, p‑past ερευνήθηκα, ppp ερευνημένος) search, investigate ``` αναζητάω • (anazitáo) / αναζητώ (past αναζήτησα, passive αναζητούμαι/αναζητιέμαι, p‑past αναζητήθηκα, ppp αναζητημένος) look for, seek, search for rummage pursue long for ``` From ανα- (ana-, “re-”) +‎ ζητάω (zitáo, “look for, ask”) ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος) ask for, request Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό. Zítisa éna potíri neró. I asked for a glass of water. Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι’ αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας». Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi’ aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas». I am looking for a nice job, so I’ve posted an advertisement: “Requesting position as secretary”. Ζητώ συγχώρεση. Zitó synchóresi. I ask for forgiveness. seek, look for Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση. Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi. I’m looking for a used car in good condition. (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει. Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei. We’re selling lots of umbrellas. The are in demand whenever it rains. ζητέω • (zētéō) to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion (with genitive) zeal for one (with genitive) (passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory (of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness ``` From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂- Root *yeh₂- (imperfective) to go to go in, enter to ride, to travel ``` ζηλωτής • (zēlōtḗs) m (genitive ζηλωτοῦ); first declension emulator, zealous admirer or follower zealot From ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate”) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, masculine agentive suffix). ζηλόω • (zēlóō) I emulate I am jealous From ζῆλος (zêlos) +‎ -όω (factitive noun). -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion (with genitive) zeal for one (with genitive) (passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory (of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness zeal (countable and uncountable, plural zeals) The fervour or tireless devotion for a person, cause, or ideal and determination in its furtherance; diligent enthusiasm; powerful interest. (obsolete) A person who exhibits such fervour or tireless devotion. from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”) from ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate, to be jealous”). Jealous Protective, zealously guarding, careful in the protection of something one has or appreciates. [from 14th c.] For you must not worship any other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jehovah, is a jealous God. —Exodus 34:14 (NET) ————————————————————— SYNONYM σῠλλογῐ́ζομαι Verb σῠλλογῐ́ζομαι • (sullogízomai) (Attic, Koine) to compute, calculate (logic) to conclude from premises, infer (beginning with Aristotle) to infer by using syllogisms, syllogistically (rare) to plan From σῠν- (sun-, “together”) +‎ λογίζομαι (logízomai, “to calculate”). συλλογίζομαι • (syllogízomai) deponent (past συλλογίστηκα) contemplate, ponder, think about, ruminate ``` λογῐ́ζομαι • (logízomai) I count, reckon (mathematics) I calculate, compute I consider, ponder, take into account I count on, expect I think, believe ``` From λόγος (lógos, “computation, reckoning”) +‎ -ῐ́ζομαι (-ízomai, denominative mediopassive verb suffix). ``` λογιάζω (logiázo, “to calculate”) λογισμός m (logismós, “calculation”) and see: λόγος m (lógos, “word”) -λογίζω compounds αναλογίζομαι (analogízomai, “to consider”) αντιλογίζω (antilogízo, “to cancel”) καταλογίζω (katalogízo, “to assign”) προλογίζω (prologízo, “to preface”) προϋπολογίζω (proÿpologízo, “precalculate”) συνυπολογίζω (synypologízo, “calculate together”) υπολογίζω (ypologízo, “calculate”) φιλολογίζω (filologízo) ``` αναλογίζομαι (analogízomai, “to dwell on”) διαλογίζομαι (dialogízomai, “to meditate”) παραλογίζομαι (paralogízomai, “to rave”) συλλογίζομαι (syllogízomai, “to contemplate”) λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance. That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning. An account, explanation, or narrative. Subject matter. (Christianity) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament, by whom the world was created; God the Son. ``` λόγος • (lógos) m (plural λόγοι) word (unit of language) word (word of honour) speech, language speech, oration (mathematics) ratio reason, causation ``` αντιλογία f (antilogía, “argument”) αντίλογος m (antílogos, “objection”) έμμετρος λόγος m (émmetros lógos, “poetry”) λογική f (logikí, “logic”) λογικό n (logikó, “reason”) λογικός (logikós, “logical”) λόγιος (lógios, “learned”) λόγιος m (lógios, “scholar”) λογοδιάρροια f (logodiárroia, “logorrhea, chattering”) λογοθεραπευτής m (logotherapeftís, “speech therapist”) λογοθεραπεύτρια f (logotherapéftria, “speech therapist”) λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”) λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis, “aspect ratio”) λόγος του θεού m (lógos tou theoú, “Word of God”) παράλογος m (parálogos, “irrational”) πλάγιος λόγος m (plágios lógos, “reported/indirect speech”) αναλογία • (analogía) f (plural αναλογίες) analogy proportion, ratio ανάλογα (análoga, “proportionally”) ανάλογος (análogos, “analogous, proportional”) αναλογικός (analogikós, “proportional, analogue”) αναλογώ (analogó, “to be analogous”) αναλογία πλευρών f (analogía plevrón, “aspect ratio”) ``` λογῐσμός • (logismós) m (genitive λογῐσμοῦ); second declension calculation, computation (in plural): numbers reasoning, argument reflection, thought reasoning power, wisdom ``` From λογίζομαι (logízomai, “I calculate”) +‎ -μός (-mós, verbal noun suffix). ———————————————————- SYNONYM στοχάζομαι • (stocházomai) deponent (past στοχάστηκα) (literary, poetic, philosophical) think, contemplate think, calculate From Ancient Greek στοχᾰ́ζομαι (“aim; guess”). σκέφτομαι • (skéftomai) deponent (past σκέφτηκα/σκέφθηκα) (formal σκέφθηκα as from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)) think, ponder, consider Σκεφτόμουν τι μπορούσαμε να κάνουμε. Skeftómoun ti boroúsame na kánoume. Ι was thinking what we could do. from Ancient Greek σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “look carefully, consider, think”). άσκεφτος (áskeftos, “reckless”) απερίσκεπτος (aperískeptos, “reckless”) απερισκεψία f (aperiskepsía, “recklessness”) ξανασκέφτομαι (xanaskéftomai, “to rethink”) περίσκεπτος (perískeptos) περίσκεψη f (perískepsi) πολυσκέφτομαι (polyskéftomai, “to think a lot”) σκέψη f (sképsi, “thought”) σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”) σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”) σκεπτικό n (skeptikó) σκεπτικός (skeptikós) σκεφτικός (skeftikós) and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai) σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις) thought, mental activity σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to think”) σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”) σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”) σκεπτικισμός • (skeptikismós) m (plural σκεπτικισμοί) scepticism (UK), skepticism (US) disbelief κῠνῐσμός • (kunismós) m (genitive κῠνῐσμοῦ); second declension Cynical philosophy or conduct, Cynicism From κῠνῐ́ζω (kunízō, “live like a dog; live like a Cynic”) +‎ -μός (-mós). δυσπιστία • (dyspistía) f (uncountable) disbelief, incredulity scepticism σκεπτικιστής • (skeptikistís) m (plural σκεπτικιστές, feminine σκεπτικίστρια) Agent Noun sceptic σκεπτικιστικός • (skeptikistikós) m (feminine σκεπτικιστική, neuter σκεπτικιστικό) Adjective sceptical ————————————————————— THOUGHT thought (n.) Old English þoht, geþoht "process of thinking, a thought; compassion," From stem of þencan "to conceive of in the mind, consider" (see think). Cognate with the second element in German Gedächtnis "memory," Andacht "attention, devotion," Bedacht "consideration, deliberation." Bammesberger ("English Etymology") explains that in Germanic -kt- generally shifted to -ht-, and a nasal before -ht- was lost. Proto-Germanic *thankija- added a suffix -t in the past tense. By the first pattern the Germanic form was *thanht-, by the second the Old English was þoht. thought (countable and uncountable, plural thoughts) (countable) Form created in the mind, rather than the forms perceived through the five senses; an instance of thinking. The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another. (uncountable) The operation by which such forms arise or are manipulated; the process of thinking; the agency by which thinking is accomplished. Without freedom of thought there can be no such thing as wisdom, and no such thing as public liberty without freedom of speech. (uncountable) A way of thinking (associated with a group, nation or region). Traditional eastern thought differs markedly from that of the west. From Middle English thought, ithoȝt, from Old English þōht, ġeþōht from Proto-Germanic *þanhtaz, *gaþanhtą (“thought”) from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think”). Cognate with Scots thocht (“thought”), Saterland Frisian Toacht (“thought”), West Frisian dacht (“attention, regard, thought”), Dutch gedachte (“thought”), German Andacht (“reverence, devotion, prayer”), Icelandic þóttur (“thought”). Related to thank. THANK From Middle English thank, from Old English þanc (“thought, favour, grace, pleasure, satisfaction, thanks”), from Proto-Germanic *þankaz (“thought, remembrance, gratitude”), from Proto-Indo-European *tong-, *teng- (“to think”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tonk, West Frisian tank, Dutch dank, Low German Dank, German Dank, Danish tak, Swedish tack, Faroese tøkk, Icelandic þökk. Related to thought. OLD ENGLISH ġeþōht m (nominative plural ġeþōhtas) thought, what is determined after thought, idea, opinion, decree mind, purpose, intention what is thought out, device, design, deliberation, counsel; rede From ġe- +‎ þōht. ġe- used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co- forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process" forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs. þōht m thought ``` OLD SAXON PREFIX gi- Used for forming the past participle. giboran (“born”) gifundan (“found”) gihētan (“called”) githāht (“thought”) gialdrod (“aged”) Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier. gidōmian (“to doom”) gibrengian (“to accomplish”) gidēlian (“to distribute”) gifāhan (“to catch”) gifremmian (“to accomplish”) gifregnan (“to experience”) gifullian (“to fulfill”) gigarwian (“to prepare”) gigirnian (“to acquire”) gihaldan (“to keep”) gihalon (“to acquire”) gihētan (“to promise”) gihuggian (“to remember”) gimanagfaldon (“to multiply”) Forms collective nouns. gibrōthar (“brothers”) giswestar (“siblings”) gibūr (“neighbour”) ``` think (v.) Old English þencan "imagine, conceive in the mind; consider, meditate, remember; intend, wish, desire" (past tense þohte, past participle geþoht), probably originally "cause to appear to oneself," from Proto-Germanic *thankjan (source also of Old Frisian thinka, Old Saxon thenkian, Old High German denchen, German denken, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic þagkjan). Old English þencan is the causative form of the distinct... Old English verb þyncan "to seem, to appear" (past tense þuhte, past participle geþuht), from Proto-Germanic *thunkjan (source also of German dünken, däuchte). Both are from PIE *tong- "to think, feel" which also is the root of thought and thank. The two Old English words converged in Middle English and þyncan "to seem" was absorbed, except for its preservation in archaic methinks "it seems to me." bethink (v.) reflexive verb, Old English beþencan "to consider, remember, take thought for, reflect," from be- + þencan "to think" (see think). Related: Bethought. methinks (v.) "it appears to me" (now archair or poetic only), from Old English me þyncð "it seems to me," from me (pron.), dative of I, + þyncð, third person singular of þyncan "to seem," reflecting the Old English distinction between þyncan "to seem" and related þencan "to think," which bedevils modern students of the language (see think). The two thinks were constantly confused, then finally merged, in Middle English. Related: Methought. ————————————————————— SENSE sententious (adj.) mid-15c., sentencious, "full of meaning," from Latin sententiosus "full of meaning, pithy," from sententia "thought; expression of a thought" (see sentence (n.)). Meaning "addicted to pompous moralizing" first recorded 1590s. Related: Sententiously; sententiousness. sentence (n.) c. 1200, "doctrine, authoritative teaching; an authoritative pronouncement," from Old French sentence "judgment, decision; meaning; aphorism, maxim; statement of authority" (12c.) and directly from Latin sententia "thought, way of thinking, opinion; judgment, decision," also "a thought expressed; aphorism, saying," from sentientem, present participle of sentire "be of opinion, feel, perceive" (see sense (n.)). Loss of first -i- in Latin by dissimilation. From early 14c. as "judgment rendered by God, or by one in authority; a verdict, decision in court;" from late 14c. as "understanding, wisdom; edifying subject matter." From late 14c. as "subject matter or content of a letter, book, speech, etc.," also in reference to a passage in a written work. Sense of "grammatically complete statement" is attested from mid-15c. "Meaning," then "meaning expressed in words." Related: Sentential. sense (n.) c. 1400, "faculty of perception," also "meaning, import, interpretation" (especially of Holy Scripture), from Old French sens "one of the five senses; meaning; wit, understanding" (12c.) and directly from Latin sensus "perception, feeling, undertaking, meaning," from sentire "perceive, feel, know," probably a figurative use of a literally meaning "to find one's way," or "to go mentally," from PIE root *sent- "to go" (source also of Old High German sinnan "to go, travel, strive after, have in mind, perceive," German Sinn "sense, mind," Old English sið "way, journey," Old Irish set, Welsh hynt "way"). Application to any one of the external or outward senses (touch, sight, hearing, etc.) in English first recorded 1520s. A certain negro tribe has a special word for "see;" but only one general word for "hear," "touch," "smell," and "taste." It matters little through which sense I realize that in the dark I have blundered into a pig-sty. In French "sentir" means to smell, to touch, and to feel, all together. [Erich M. von Hornbostel, "Die Einheit der Sinne" ("The Unity of the Senses"), 1927] Meaning "that which is wise" is from c. 1600. Meaning "capacity for perception and appreciation" is from c. 1600 (as in sense of humor, attested by 1783, sense of shame, 1640s). sense (v.) "to perceive by the senses," 1590s, from sense (n.). Meaning "be conscious inwardly of (one's state or condition) is from 1680s. Meaning "perceive (a fact or situation) not by direct perception" is from 1872. Related: Sensed; sensing. noesis (n.) "intellect, intelligence," 1820 From Greek noēsis "intelligence, thought," From noein "to see, perceive, have mental perception," From noos "mind, thought" which is of uncertain origin. ————————————————————— RELATED TO “WISH” and “OPTION” and “OPTATIVE MOOD” εὐκτῐκή • (euktikḗ) f (genitive εὐκτῐκῆς); first declension. εὐχή From εὔχομαι (“pray, wish”) +‎ -η (suffix forming action nouns). (grammar) The optative mood. εὐκτῐκός • (euktikós) m (feminine εὐκτῐκή, neuter εὐκτῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective Related to wishing. (grammar) Used to express a wish: the forms of the optative mood. Expressing a prayer or vow. (substantive) εὐκτῐκόν: utterance in the form of a prayer or wish. From εὐχ- the stem of εὔχομαι (“to wish, pray, or vow”), + -τῐκός (verbal adjective suffix). ``` εὔχομαι • (eúkhomai) to pray, offer prayers to pray for, wish for, long for to vow or promise to do to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt. ``` εὔχεται • (eúkhetai) third-person plural present indicative mediopassive of εὔχομαι (eúkhomai) From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ- *h₁wegʷʰ- to promise, to vow to praise. εὖχος • (eûkhos) n (genitive εὔχους or εὔχεος); third declension Noun the thing prayed for, object of prayer, prayer a boast, vaunt (later Greek) a vow, votive offering. From εὔχομαι ( “pray, vow, boast”) Mycenaean 𐀁𐀄𐀐𐀵 (e-u-ke-to, “εὔχεται”) (substantive) εὐκτῐκόν Utterance in the form of a prayer or wish. ``` προσευχή • (proseukhḗ) f (genitive προσευχῆς); first declension (Koine) prayer place of prayer. From Hellenistic Koine Greek προσευχή. Morphologically... from προσ- (“toward”) + ευχή (“wish”). From Ancient Greek εὐχή (“prayer,wish”) ευχή • (efchí) f (plural ευχές) religious blessing wish. ``` ευχετήριος "with greetings”, adjective ( of greeting cards, written wishes) (with greetings, with good wishes) απευχή f (“not a wish”) ευχέτης (ecclesiastical) One who wishes (one who takes vows) From ευχέ(της) ("one who wishes”) ευχετικός (“wishing, desiderative”, adjective) From ευχέ(της) “one who wishes”) +‎ -τήριος. εύχομαι (“I wish”) ευχή f (efchí, “the wish”) ευχετήρια κάρτα (“greetings card”) ___________________________________________ From Latin - votive dedicated or given in fulfillment of a vow or pledge from Latin - vōtīvus (“votive”), from vōtum (“vow”). From Latin - voveō (“to vow”) +‎ -īvus. voveō (present infinitive vovēre, perfect active vōvī, supine vōtum); second conjugation I vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity. I wish for, desire. Cognates include Ancient Greek εὔχομαι vōtum n (genitive vōtī); second declension promise, dedication, vow determination, will, desire prayer. ______________________________________ VOTE = VOW From Old French vut, in turn from Latin vōtum (“a promise, dedication, vow”), from vovēre (“to promise, vow”). Doublet of vote. vow (plural vows) A solemn promise to perform some act, or behave in a specified manner, especially a promise to live and act in accordance with the rules of a religious order. The old hermit, up in the mountains, took a vow of silence. A declaration or assertion. Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths. Consider for a moment the origins of almost any word we have for bad language – "profanity", "curses", "oaths" and "swearing" itself. vow (third-person singular simple present vows, present participle vowing, simple past and past participle vowed) (transitive, intransitive) To make a vow; to promise. Bible, Eccl. v. 4 When thou vowest a vow unto God, defer not to pay it. Richard Baxter We do not vow that we will never sin, nor neglect a duty (nor ought we to do so). (transitive) To make a vow regarding (something). The wronged woman vowed revenge. To declare publicly that one has made a vow, usually to show one's determination or to announce an act of retaliation. The rebels vowed to continue their fight. ——————————————————- LATIN Latin: optātīvus (feminine optātīva, neuter optātīvum); first/second-declension adjective (grammar) optative Verbal adjective from optō (“to wish”) from the perfect passive participle optātus +‎ -īvus (adjective suffix) a calque of Ancient Greek εὐκτική (euktikḗ, “related to wishing”). Latin: optātus (feminine optāta, neuter optātum, comparative optātior, superlative optātissimus); first/second-declension participle Past Participle (-ed) wished for, desired, pleasant, having been desired. chosen, selected, having been chosen. From perfect passive participle of optō (“choose, select”). From Proto-Indo-European *op- (“to prefer, choose”) Latin: optō (present infinitive optāre, perfect active optāvī, supine optātum); first conjugation I choose, select, opt. I wish for, desire. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *op- (“to prefer, choose”) Proto-Indo-European Root *h₃ep- to work, toil, make ability, force ``` Latin: ops f (genitive opis); third declension (in the singular) strength, power, assistance, power to help, property (in the plural) resources, wealth Latin: optimus optimus (feminine optima, neuter optimum, positive bonus); first/second declension Adjective best; very good Hic mundus perfectissimus est etiam mundorum possibilium omnium optimus This most perfect world is even the best of all possible worlds (Immanuel Kant, echoing Leibniz) perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“at, near; on”) Latin: opīnor (present infinitive opīnārī, perfect active opīnātus sum); first conjugation, deponent I suppose, imagine, deem, think, judge, opine Italian: optare (per) to opt (for) to decide (upon) to take out an option on a stock ———————————————————- RELATED TO OPTION option (n.) c. 1600, "action of choosing;" 1630s, "power or liberty of choosing," from French option (Old French opcion) from Latin optionem (nominative optio) "choice, free choice, liberty to choose," from optare "to desire, pray for, choose," which is of uncertain origin. De Vaan derives it from Proto-Italic *opeje- "to choose, grab," from PIE *hopeie- "to choose, grab," and compares Hittite epp/app- "to take, grab," Sanskrit apa, Avestan apa "has reached." The meaning "thing that may be chosen" is attested from 1885. The commercial transaction sense of "privilege secured by payment of a premium (on a stock or a certain produce at a specified time and at a specified price)" is recorded from 1755 (the verb in this sense is attested by 1880 in American English). As a North American football play in which the back may either pass the ball or run with it, it is recorded by 1953. ———————————————————- RELATED TO DESIRE desire (n.) c. 1300, "a craving or yearning; an emotion directed toward attainment or possession of an object; sensual appetite, physical desire, lust," from Old French desir, from desirer (see desire (v.)). Meaning "that which is longed for" is from mid-14c. desire (v.) "to wish or long for, express a wish to obtain," c. 1200, desiren, from Old French desirrer (12c.) "wish, desire, long for," from Latin desiderare "long for, wish for; demand, expect," the original sense perhaps being "await what the stars will bring," from the phrase de sidere "from the stars," from sidus (genitive sideris) "heavenly body, star, constellation" (but see consider). desirous (adj.) "filled with desire (for something), wishing to obtain," c. 1300, from Anglo-French desirous, Old French desirros (11c., Modern French désireux), from Vulgar Latin *desiderosus, from stem of Latin desiderare (see desire (v.)). desiderata (n.) "things desired or desirable, that which is lacking or required," 1650s, plural of desideratum, Latin, literally "something for which desire is felt," noun use of neuter past participle of desiderare "to long for" (see desire (v.)). A Latin word in English; other offshoots of the Latin verb were nativized in Middle English: desiderable "wished for, desired" (mid-14c.), also "worthy of being admired;" desideracioun "longing, yearning" (late 15c.); desiderantly "with ardent desire" (c. 1500). Also compare obsolete desiderate "feel a desire or longing for" (1640s). covet (v.) mid-13c., "to desire or wish for inordinately or without regard for the rights of others," from Old French coveitier "covet, desire, lust after" (12c., Modern French convoiter, influenced by con- words), probably ultimately from Latin cupiditas "passionate desire, eagerness, ambition," from cupidus "very desirous," from cupere "long for, desire" (see cupidity). From mid-14c. in a good sense, "desire or wish for eagerly, desire to obtain or possess." Related: Coveted; coveting. Related entries & more cupidity (n.) "eager desire to possess something," mid-15c., from Anglo-French cupidite and directly from Latin cupiditatem (nominative cupiditas) "passionate desire, lust; ambition," from cupidus "eager, passionate," from cupere "to desire." This is perhaps from a PIE root *kup-(e)i- "to tremble; to desire," and cognate with Sanskrit kupyati "bubbles up, becomes agitated;" Old Church Slavonic kypeti "to boil;" Lithuanian kupėti "to boil over;" Old Irish accobor "desire." Despite the primarily erotic sense of the Latin word, in English cupidity originally, and still especially, means "desire for wealth." Related entries & more venereal (adj.) early 15c., "of or pertaining to sexual desire or intercourse," from Latin venereus, venerius "of Venus; of sexual love," from venus (genitive veneris) "sexual love, sexual desire" (from PIE root *wen- (1) "to desire, strive for"). Used of sexually transmitted diseases from 1650s. Related: Venereally. Related entries & more list (v.4) "to be pleased, desire" (intransitive), a sense now archaic, mid-12c., lusten, listen "to please, desire," from Old English lystan "to please, cause pleasure or desire, provoke longing," from Proto-Germanic *lustjan (source also of Old Saxon lustian, Dutch lusten "to like, fancy," Old High German lusten, German lüsten, Old Norse lysta "desire, wish, have a fancy"), from *lustuz-, from PIE root *las- "to be eager, wanton, or unruly" (see lust (n.)). Related: Listed; listing. Related entries & more optative (n.) mid-15c., optatif, "the optative mood," in grammar, a form of a verb expressing wish or desire, from Old French optatif (15c.), from Late Latin optativus, from Latin optatus "wished, desired, longed for," past participle of optare "to choose, wish, desire" (see option). Also mid-15c. as an adjective, "expressing wish or desire by a distinct grammatical form." The general adjectival sense of "expressing or expressive of desire or wish" is by 1610s. —————————————————- SIDUS — σίδηρος Related to the “hot and sweaty” blacksmith, iron worker. ῑ̔δρώς or ῐ̔δρώς • (hīdrṓs or hidrṓs) m or f (genitive ῑ̔δρῶτος or ῐ̔δρῶτος); third declension sweat, perspiration gum, sap juice, moisture anything earned by the sweat of one's brow From Proto-Indo-European *swidrōs from *sweyd- (“to sweat”) whence also ἰδίω (i sweat, perspire) ἀκροσίδηρος (akrosídēros, “pointed or tipped with iron”) ἀσίδηρος (asídēros, “not of iron”) αὐτοσίδηρος (autosídēros, “of sheer iron”) βαρυσίδηρος (barusídēros, “heavy with iron”) βραχυσίδηρος (brakhusídēros, “(of a dart) with a short, small head”) εὐσίδηρος (eusídēros, “well-ironed”) κατασιδηρόω (katasidēróō, “to plate with iron”) μακροσίδηρος (makrosídēros) ὁλοσίδηρος (holosídēros, “all iron”) περισιδηρόομαι (perisidēróomai, “to be cased with iron”) περισίδηρος (perisídēros, “cased with iron”) σιδηραγωγός (sidēragōgós, “attracting iron”) σιδηρεία (sidēreía, “working in iron”) σιδηρεῖα (sidēreîa, “iron-works, iron-mines”) σιδηρένδετος (sidēréndetos, “iron-banded”) σιδηρεόεις (sidēreóeis) σιδήρεος (sidḗreos, “made of iron”) σιδηρεύς (sidēreús, “worker in iron, smith”) σιδηρεύω (sidēreúō, “to work in iron”) σιδηρήεις (sidērḗeis) σιδηρίζω (sidērízō, “to be like iron”) σιδήριον (sidḗrion, “implement”) σιδηριουργός (sidēriourgós) σιδηρίσκος (sidērískos) σιδηρίτης (sidērítēs, “of iron”) σιδηρῖτις (sidērîtis, “ironwort”) σιδηροβασταγή (sidērobastagḗ, “provision, supply of iron”) σιδηρόβαφος (sidēróbaphos, “of ferruginous colour”) σιδηροβόλιον (sidērobólion, “anchor”) σιδηροβόρος (sidērobóros, “a file”) σιδηροβριθής (sidērobrithḗs, “iron-loaded”) σιδηροβρώς (sidērobrṓs, “iron-eating”) σιδηροδάκτυλος (sidērodáktulos, “iron-fingered”) σιδηροδέσμος (sidērodésmos, “with bonds of iron”) σιδηροδετέω (sidērodetéō, “to bind in iron”) σιδηρόδετος (sidēródetos, “iron-bound”) σιδηρόεις (sidēróeis) σιδηροθήκη (sidērothḗkē, “armoury”) σιδηροθώραξ (sidērothṓrax, “with iron breastplate”) σιδηροκατάδικος (sidērokatádikos, “condemned to the iron”) σιδηροκμής (sidērokmḗs, “slain by iron”) σιδηροκόλεος (sidērokóleos, “iron-sheathed”) σιδηροκόντρα (sidērokóntra, “with barbed iron spears”) σιδηροκόπος (sidērokópos) σιδηρόκωπος (sidērókōpos, “armed with iron”) σιδηρομήτωρ (sidēromḗtōr, “mother of iron”) σιδηρονόμος (sidēronómos, “distributing with iron”) σιδηρόνωτος (sidērónōtos, “iron-backed”) σιδηροπέδη (sidēropédē, “iron fetter”) σιδηρόπλαστος (sidēróplastos, “moulded of iron”) σιδηρόπληκτος (sidēróplēktos, “smitten by iron”) σιδηρόπλοκος (sidēróplokos, “plaited of iron”) σιδηροπλύτης (sidēroplútēs, “one who washes iron”) σιδηροποίκιλος (sidēropoíkilos, “a variegated stone”) σιδηρόπους (sidērópous, “iron-footed”) σιδηρόπτερος (sidērópteros, “iron-winged”) σιδηροπώλης (sidēropṓlēs, “ironmonger”) σιδηρόσπαρτος (sidēróspartos, “sown by iron”) σιδηροσφαγία (sidērosphagía, “slaying with the sword”) σιδηροτέκτων (sidērotéktōn, “worker in iron”) σιδηρότευκτος (sidēróteuktos, “wrought of iron”) σιδηροτόκος (sidērotókos, “producing iron”) σιδηροτομέω (sidērotoméō, “to cut with iron”) σιδηρότροχος (sidērótrokhos, “with iron wheels”) σιδηροτρύπανον (sidērotrúpanon, “iron borer”) σιδηρότρωτος (sidērótrōtos, “wounded with iron”) σιδηρουργεῖον (sidērourgeîon, “iron-mine”) σιδηρουργία (sidērourgía, “working in iron”) σιδηρουργός (sidērourgós, “iron-worker, smith”) σιδηροῦς (sidēroûs) σιδηροφάγος (sidērophágos, “eating into iron”) σιδηροφορέω (sidērophoréō, “to bear iron”) σιδηροφόρος (sidērophóros, “producing iron”) σιδηρόφρων (sidēróphrōn, “of iron heart”) σιδηροφυής (sidērophuḗs, “of iron nature”) σιδηροχαλκεύς (sidērokhalkeús, “smith”) σιδηρόχαλκος (sidērókhalkos, “of iron and copper”) σιδηροχάρμης (sidērokhármēs, “fighting”) σιδηροχίτων (sidērokhítōn, “with iron tunic”) σιδηρόψυχος (sidērópsukhos, “iron-hearted”) σιδηρόω (sidēróō, “to overlay with iron”) σιδηρώδης (sidērṓdēs, “of iron”) σιδήρωμα (sidḗrōma, “iron fittings”) σιδηρωρυχεῖον (sidērōrukheîon, “iron-mine”) σιδήρωσις (sidḗrōsis, “iron-work”) σιδηρωτός (sidērōtós, “iron-bound”) τμητοσίδηρος (tmētosídēros, “cut down with iron”) ὑποσίδηρος (huposídēros, “having a mixture or proportion of iron in it”) ὑποσιδηρόω (huposidēróō) χειροσιδήριον (kheirosidḗrion, “grapnel, grappling hook”)

Answer 599

I AM LOOKING FOR ψάχνω • (psáchno) (past έψαξα, passive ψάχνομαι) look for, hunt for, search, rummage and see the passive → ψάχνομαι έψαξα - I searched ψάχνομαι • (psáchnomai) passive (past ψάχτηκα, active ψάχνω) I am searched for I am searched (idiomatic, colloquial, only in the passive) I wonder and research ``` ψάχτηκα • (psáchtika) 1st person singular simple past form of ψάχνομαι (psáchnomai) passive of ψάχνω. I was searched for I was searched I wondered I researched ``` θα ψάξω - i will search, I will look for...

Answer 600

SKILLED — ABLE — CAPABLE From ῑ̔́κω (come, arrive, reach) + -νός (adjective) ``` Verb ῑ̔́κω • (hī́kō) (intransitive) to come (transitive) to come to, arrive at (transitive) to reach (transitive) to come upon (befall, affect) ``` ``` Verb ἱκᾱ́νω • (hikā́nō) (intransitive) to arrive, come (transitive) to come to, reach, attain (transitive) to approach as a suppliant ``` Adjective ῐ̔κᾰνός • (hikanós) m (feminine ῐ̔κᾰνή, neuter ῐ̔κᾰνόν); first/second declension becoming, befitting, sufficient (of persons) competent, strong or skillful enough (of things) adequate, enough, considerable. cognate with ἥκω (hḗkō, “to have arrived, be present”) ``` ἥκω • (hḗkō) to have come, to be present to have reached a point (with an adverb followed by a genitive) to have come back, returned (pleonastic, with a participle) (simply, like γίγνομαι (gígnomai)) (of things) to have come, to be brought to concern, relate, belong to to depend upon (with infinitive) (with participle) ``` From ἱκνέομαι (hiknéomai, “to be appropriate”) +‎ -νος (Adj or noun) ῐ̔κνέομαι • (hiknéomai) To come, reach, arrive at (impersonal, in present and imperfect) To be appropriate, fitting, proper [+accusative = for someone, something] [+infinitive = to do something] -νος • (-nos) m (feminine -νη, neuter -νον); first/second declension Added to roots or words to forms adjectives or nouns; often accented on ultima Noun ῐ̔κέτης • (hikétēs) m (genitive ῐ̔κέτου); first declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic) One who comes looking for aid or protection, suppliant One who comes looking for purification after having murdered someone: common in the Iliad and Odyssey ῐ̔κνέομαι (hiknéomai, “to come”) +‎ -της (-tēs, “-er”, masculine agent-noun suffix): literally, “comer”. ἱκεσῐ́ᾱ • (hikesíā) f (genitive ἱκεσῐ́ᾱς); first declension supplication, the prayer of a suppliant From ἱκέτης (hikétēs, “suppliant”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). ἱκετεύω • (hiketeúō) I beg. From ἱκέτης (“suppliant”), from verb ἵκω (“arrive”) + -εύω (to do as a suppliant does”) ἀφικνέομαι • (aphiknéomai) to arrive, come ἀπο- (apo-) +‎ ἱκνέομαι (hiknéomai) ``` ἀφικνέομαι (aphiknéomai) διεξικνέομαι (diexiknéomai) running διεφικνέομαι (diephiknéomai) διϊκνέομαι (diïknéomai) εἰσαφικνέομαι (eisaphiknéomai) εἰσικνέομαι (eisiknéomai) ἐνικνέομαι (eniknéomai) ἐξικνέομαι (exiknéomai) ἐπικαθικνέομαι (epikathiknéomai) ἐπικνέομαι (epiknéomai) ἐσικνέομαι (esiknéomai) ἐφικνέομαι (ephiknéomai) ἱκανός (hikanós) καθικνέομαι (kathiknéomai) περιικνέομαι (periiknéomai) προαφικνέομαι (proaphiknéomai) προϊκνέομαι (proïknéomai) προσαφικνέομαι (prosaphiknéomai) προσικνέομαι (prosiknéomai) συναφικνέομαι (sunaphiknéomai) συνεξικνέομαι (sunexiknéomai) συνικνέομαι (suniknéomai) ``` ανίκανος

Answer 601

INCOMPETENT - INEPT From α (alpha priviative -not) + ῐ̔κᾰνός (able, skilled) + ποιώ (to do or make) + ος (Adj) ``` ανικανοποίητος Adjective ανίκανος • (aníkanos) m (feminine ανίκανη, neuter ανίκανο) incompetent, inept impotent (sexually) unfit (militarily) ``` ανικανότητα • (anikanótita) f (plural ανικανότητες) incompetence impotence Adjective ανικανοποίητος • (anikanopoíitos) m (feminine ανικανοποίητη, neuter ανικανοποίητο) unfulfilled, unsatisfied -ποιώ • (-poió) A verbal suffix indicating the production of an action or characteristic: -ise, -ify ‎Αγγλία (Anglía, “England”) + ‎-ποιώ (-poió) → ‎αγγλοποιώ (anglopoió, “to anglicise”) ‎άγιος (ágios, “saint”) + ‎-ποιώ (-poió) → ‎αγιοποιώ (agiopoió, “to sanctify”) From the Ancient Greek -ποιῶ (-poiô), verb ποιῶ (poiô), ποιέω (poiéō, “to do, to make”).

Answer 602

HALLUCINATION - FANTASY - ILLUSION - DELUSION παραίσθηση • (paraísthisi) f (plural παραισθήσεις) illusion παραίσθησις παραισθήματα Noun αυταπάτη illusion, delusion, hallucination, disillusion, self-deception

Answer 603

FEELING αισθήματα feeling neutral the result of the effect of external stimuli on the body through the senses the feeling of cold the effect of the effect of internal stimuli on the body the feeling of hunger, thirst, fatigue mental state related to the perception we have of ourselves we start the endeavor with a high sense of responsibility throughout his life he was tormented by feelings of inferiority set of perceptions and emotions that determine a person's attitude man with feelings , the feeling of justice a set of perceptions that concern a large part of the population the common feeling , the religious feeling of the people feeling I have an unpleasant feeling , but I do not know why treats the situation with mixed feelings especially the erotic feeling they are connected by a deep feeling ( folk, concubine ) the person with whom I am in love how are you doing with the feeling ? The feeling is the first (general and undefined) impression or the product through the senses , perception , in other words, a psychosomatic phenomenon in which a property of an external (see. Stimuli) or internal (see. Stimulations) object is transformed into an experience. Hence the terms Sensitivity (being felt or having the ability to feel) and Awareness (the clear representation of a thing, so that it can be fully understood). In everyday life, feelings are often confused with perception, performance, emotions and feelings (cf. "elementary experiences"). From the Ancient Greeks, Aristotle was the one who was particularly concerned with feelings. In the Bible , the (Hebrew) term nephesh (= soul) denotes the physical seat of the various senses. The Fathers of the Church, while knowing well and making good use of all human feelings, deal more theologically , anthropologically , morally , pastorally and spiritually with the senses that constitute their cause.

Answer 604

A FEELING συναισθημα feeling • ( synaisthima ) n ( plural feelings ) emotion , feelings , sentiment feeling • ( synaisthima ) n ( plural feelings ) emotion , feelings , sentiment

Answer 605

FEELING αίσθημα • (aísthima) n (plural αισθήματα) feeling

Answer 606

TOUCH αφή • (afí) f (plural αφές) touch (sense and sensation) ἁφή • (haphḗ) f (genitive ἁφῆς); first declension lighting, kindling touch, sense of touch (in wrestling) grip sand sprinkled over wrestlers, to enable them to get a grip of one another (mathematics) point of contact, intersection (in the plural) stripes, strokes (pathology) infection, especially of leprosy (anatomy) junction, point of contact in the body, ligament From ἅπτω (háptō, “to kindle, set fire; to touch; to fasten”) +‎ -ή (-ḗ). ``` ᾰ̔́πτω • (háptō) to kindle, set on fire, fasten fire to to fasten to, bind fast to join to (middle) to fasten myself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch (middle) to reach the mark (middle) to engage in, take part in (middle) to set upon, attack, assail (middle) to touch, affect (middle) to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive (middle) to come up to, reach, gain ``` Verb άπτομαι • (áptomai) deponent (past —) touch, be related to Tο ερώτημα άπτεται της ουσίας του θέματος. To erótima áptetai tis ousías tou thématos. The question touches the heart of the matter. Θέματα που άπτονται της αρμοδιότητας … Thémata pou áptontai tis armodiótitas … Issues which relate to the competence of … mediopassive of ἅπτω (háptō). Adjective απτός • (aptós) m (feminine απτή, neuter απτό) tangible, palpable (figuratively) obvious ``` ἄαπτος (áaptos) ἅμμα (hámma) ἀνάπτω (anáptō) ἀνθάπτομαι (antháptomai) ἁπτέον (haptéon) ἁπτικός (haptikós) ἁπτός (haptós) ἁπτώδιον (haptṓdion) ἀφάπτω (apháptō) ἁφή (haphḗ) ἁψικάρδιος (hapsikárdios) ἁψικορία (hapsikoría) ἁψίκορος (hapsíkoros) ἁψίμαχος (hapsímakhos) ἁψιμισία (hapsimisía) ἁψίς (hapsís) ἅψις (hápsis) ἅψος (hápsos) ἐνάπτω (enáptō) ἐξάπτω (exáptō) ἐφάπτω (epháptō) καθάπτομαι (katháptomai) μεθάπτομαι (metháptomai) παράπτομαι (paráptomai) περιάπτω (periáptō) προάπτω (proáptō) προσάπτω (prosáptō) συνάπτω (sunáptō) ὑφάπτω (hupháptō) ``` σῠνᾰ́πτω • (sunáptō) I join together, connect. Verb συνάπτω • (synápto) (past σύναψα/συνήψα, passive συνάπτομαι) (transitive) join, attach, append (transitive) contract, enter into, conclude (an agreement, marriage, etc) From συν- (sun-, “together”) +‎ ἅπτω (háptō, “to join”). επισυνάπτω • (episynápto) (past επισύναψα/επισυνήψα, passive επισυνάπτομαι) attach, affix, append Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ἐπισυνάπτω (episunáptō, “join, attach”). Synchronically analysable as επι- (“in addition, over”) +‎ συν- (“togehter”) + the ancient verb ἅπτω (háptō, “join; touch”). επισύναψη • (episýnapsi) f (plural επισυνάψεις) attachment (a file sent along with an email) προσκόλληση f (proskóllisi, “cohesion, romantic attachment”) εξάρτημα n (exártima, “attachment, part (of equipment)”) Adjective σῠνᾰπτός • (sunaptós) m or f (neuter σῠνᾰπτόν); second declension joined together, continuous, consecutive From σῠνᾰ́πτω (sunáptō, “join together, connect”) +‎ -τος (-tos). συνάπτω (synápto, “to join, to attach, to contract”) Verb συνάπτω • (synápto) (past σύναψα/συνήψα, passive συνάπτομαι) (transitive) join, attach, append (transitive) contract, enter into, conclude (an agreement, marriage, etc)

Answer 607

SYNAPSE (Steal the “fire” of the gods) From ἅπτω (háptō, “to kindle, set fire; to touch; to fasten”) +‎ -ή (-ḗ). ``` ᾰ̔́πτω • (háptō) to kindle, set on fire, fasten fire to to fasten to, bind fast to join to (middle) to fasten myself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch (middle) to reach the mark (middle) to engage in, take part in (middle) to set upon, attack, assail (middle) to touch, affect (middle) to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive (middle) to come up to, reach, gain ``` Verb άπτομαι • (áptomai) deponent (past —) touch, be related to Tο ερώτημα άπτεται της ουσίας του θέματος. To erótima áptetai tis ousías tou thématos. The question touches the heart of the matter. Θέματα που άπτονται της αρμοδιότητας … Thémata pou áptontai tis armodiótitas … Issues which relate to the competence of … mediopassive of ἅπτω (háptō). Adjective απτός • (aptós) m (feminine απτή, neuter απτό) tangible, palpable (figuratively) obvious ``` ἄαπτος (áaptos) ἅμμα (hámma) ἀνάπτω (anáptō) ἀνθάπτομαι (antháptomai) ἁπτέον (haptéon) ἁπτικός (haptikós) ἁπτός (haptós) ἁπτώδιον (haptṓdion) ἀφάπτω (apháptō) ἁφή (haphḗ) ἁψικάρδιος (hapsikárdios) ἁψικορία (hapsikoría) ἁψίκορος (hapsíkoros) ἁψίμαχος (hapsímakhos) ἁψιμισία (hapsimisía) ἁψίς (hapsís) ἅψις (hápsis) ἅψος (hápsos) ἐνάπτω (enáptō) ἐξάπτω (exáptō) ἐφάπτω (epháptō) καθάπτομαι (katháptomai) μεθάπτομαι (metháptomai) παράπτομαι (paráptomai) περιάπτω (periáptō) προάπτω (proáptō) προσάπτω (prosáptō) συνάπτω (sunáptō) ὑφάπτω (hupháptō) ``` σῠνᾰ́πτω • (sunáptō) I join together, connect. Verb συνάπτω • (synápto) (past σύναψα/συνήψα, passive συνάπτομαι) (transitive) join, attach, append (transitive) contract, enter into, conclude (an agreement, marriage, etc) From συν- (sun-, “together”) +‎ ἅπτω (háptō, “to join”). επισυνάπτω • (episynápto) (past επισύναψα/επισυνήψα, passive επισυνάπτομαι) attach, affix, append Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ἐπισυνάπτω (episunáptō, “join, attach”). Synchronically analysable as επι- (“in addition, over”) +‎ συν- (“togehter”) + the ancient verb ἅπτω (háptō, “join; touch”). επισύναψη • (episýnapsi) f (plural επισυνάψεις) attachment (a file sent along with an email) προσκόλληση f (proskóllisi, “cohesion, romantic attachment”) εξάρτημα n (exártima, “attachment, part (of equipment)”) Adjective σῠνᾰπτός • (sunaptós) m or f (neuter σῠνᾰπτόν); second declension joined together, continuous, consecutive From σῠνᾰ́πτω (sunáptō, “join together, connect”) +‎ -τος (-tos). συνάπτω (synápto, “to join, to attach, to contract”) Verb συνάπτω • (synápto) (past σύναψα/συνήψα, passive συνάπτομαι) (transitive) join, attach, append (transitive) contract, enter into, conclude (an agreement, marriage, etc)

Answer 608

SELF DECEPTION - SELFDELUSION From εαυτός (self) + απάτη (deceit, fraud, cheat, trick) απάτη • (apáti) f (plural απάτες) deceit deception fraud, hoax ᾰ̓πᾰ́τη • (apátē) f (genitive ᾰ̓πᾰ́της); first declension Deceit, fraud απατεώνας m (apateónas, “cheat, swindler”) απατεωνιά f (apateoniá, “swindle, confidence trick”) απατεώνισσα f (apateónissa, “cheat, swindler”) απατηλός (apatilós, “false, deceitful”) απατώ (apató, “to cheat, to deceive”) αυταπάτη (aftapáti, “delusion, self-deception”) αυταπάτη Self-deception is a process of denying or rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument. Self-deception involves convincing oneself of a truth so that one does not reveal any self-knowledge of the deception. This illusion is the constant false belief and used colloquially to describe a belief derived from lie, fantasy, cheating etc. In psychiatry, the definition of delusion is more specific, whereas belief is pathological (the result of a disease or disease process). Pathological is the belief based on false or incomplete information, or the result of a perception that we would better call an illusion (or apperception). Illusions occur mainly in the context of neurological or mental illness, although they are not associated with any particular illness and have been found to occur in the context of many pathological domains (physical and mental). However, they are particularly important in the diagnosis of psychotic disorders and especially in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder . Psychiatrist and philosopher Carl Jaspers was the first to define the three main criteria for a belief to be considered deceptive in general psychopathology. These criteria are: certainty (maintained with absolute fidelity) uncorrectable (non-variable by forcing counter-argument or proof to the contrary) impossible or untrue content (unjustified, strange or obviously untrue) These criteria still continue to be the pillars of modern psychiatric diagnosis of delusion. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, an illusion is defined as: A false belief based on an inaccurate conclusion about external reality, which is stable and continuous despite the fact that almost everyone considers the opposite to be indisputable and proven in obvious ways and evidence. This belief is something that is not usually accepted by all other members of society (for example, belief in a religious doctrine is not an illusion). There is some controversy over this definition,as in the point "not usually accepted by all other members of society" implies that a person who considers something different from all others is a candidate for delusional thinking and delusion.

Answer 609

TO BEHAVE φέρομαι • (féromai) passive (past φέρθηκα, active φέρω) to behave φέρομαι • (phéromai) first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of φέρω (phérō) φέρω • (phérō) I bring, bear, carry Verb φέρω • (féro) (past έφερα, passive φέρομαι) bear, carry (decoration, injuries, scars) (passive) → see φέρομαι (féromai) "I behave" Verb φέρνω • (férno) (past έφερα, passive φέρνομαι) bear, convey (carry something from one place to another) carry, fetch, bring (carry something here from somewhere else) bring, cause (consequences, results) -φέρνω (-férno) compounds like αγοροφέρνω (agoroférno, “to behave like a boy”) αγουροφέρνω (agouroférno, “to ripen”) καταφέρνω (kataférno, “accomplish”) Verb αγοροφέρνω • (agoroférno) (imperfect αγορόφερνα) found only in the present and imperfect tenses behave like a boy (of a girl) αγόρι • (agóri) n (plural αγόρια) boy (informal) lad, laddie, sonny boyfriend, sweetheart (male) From Byzantine Greek ἀγόριν (agórin) diminutive of Koine Greek ἄγωρος (ágōros, “young”) from Ancient Greek ἄωρος (áōros, “untimely”) from ὥρα (hṓra, “time, season”). ``` Related terms αγοράκι n (agoráki, “little boy”) αγορίνα f (agorína, “term of endearment for a boy”) αγορίστικος (agorístikos, “boyish”) αγορίστικα (agorístika, “boyishly”) αγοροκόριτσο n (agorokóritso, “tomboy”) αγοροφέρνω (agoroférno, “to behave or look like a boy”) See also[edit] κορίτσι n (korítsi, “girl”) ``` αναφέρω (anaféro, “mention, refer”) αποφέρω (apoféro, “yield, produce”) διαφέρω (diaféro, “differ”) εισφέρω (eisféro, “contribute”) εκφέρω (ekféro, “utter”) ενδιαφέρω (endiaféro, “interest”) επαναφέρω (epanaféro, “restore”) επιφέρω (epiféro) καταφέρω (kataféro, “inflict”), καταφέρομαι (kataféromai, “accuse”) μεταφέρω (metaféro, “transfer”) παραφέρομαι (paraféromai, “I behave out of line”) περιφέρω (periféro, “carry around”) > περιφέρεια f (periféreia, “cirumference, periphery”) προαναφέρω (proanaféro, “mention beforhand”) προσφέρω (prosféro, “offer”) προφέρω (proféro, “pronounce”) συμπεριφέρομαι (symperiféromai, “behave”) συμπροφέρω (symproféro, “pronounce together”) συμφέρω (symféro) συνεισφέρω (syneisféro, “contribute”) συνεκφέρω (synekféro, “pronounce together”) υποφέρω (ypoféro, “suffer”) Other related words -and see their derivatives- αυτόφωρο n (aftóforo) φαρέτρα f (farétra) φερέγγυος (feréngyos) φέρελπις (férelpis) φέρετρο n (féretro, “coffin”) φερέφωνο n (feréfono) φερτός (fertós, “redeposited, transferred”) φερώνυμος (ferónymos) φορά n (forá, “impetus; time: occurence”) φοράω (foráo, “I wear”), φορώ (foró) φορείο n (foreío, “stretcher”) -φόρος (-fóros, “carrier”) φόρος m (fóros, “tax, tribute”) φόρτος m (fórtos, “burden”) -φορώ (-foró, suffix for verbs)

Answer 610

OBEY - COMPLY - CONFORM From ὑπο- (“under”) +‎ ἀκούω (akoúō, “to listen”) Verb ῠ̔πᾰκούω • (hupakoúō) (absolute) to listen, hearken, give ear to make answer when called (with the genitive of object) to listen or hearken to, give ear to, heed, attend to (special senses) (of porters) to answer a knock at the door (of a judge) to listen to a complaint (of dependents, subjects) to obey, submit to to answer one's expectations, to succeed (figuratively) to be subject to the sun's rays (of ailments) to yield, give way to a remedy to concede a point in a dispute to understand under (grammar) to understand a word omitted ``` Verb ᾰ̓κούω • (akoúō) (transitive) I hear [+accusative = something], [+genitive = someone] (transitive) I hear about, learn (transitive) I listen, pay attention to, heed Ἄκουε τοῦ διδασκάλου! Ákoue toû didaskálou! Listen to the teacher! Νῦν δὲ ἄκουσον μου! Nûn dè ákouson mou! Now listen to me! (transitive) I understand (transitive) I obey (passive) I am called, am spoken of, am known as ``` ``` ᾰ̓κοή • (akoḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓κοῆς); first declension a hearing, the sound heard the thing heard, news, tidings the thing heard, report, saying, fame the sense of hearing the act of hearing, hearing the ear a hearing, a listening ``` From ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) +‎ -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix) υπακούω • (ypakoúo) (past υπάκουσα) obey, comply, be obedient Εκείνα τα παιδιά δεν υπακούνε ποτέ τους γονείς τους. Ekeína ta paidiá den ypakoúne poté tous goneís tous. Those children never obey their parents. Verb υπακούω • (ypakoúo) (past υπάκουσα) obey, comply, be obedient Εκείνα τα παιδιά δεν υπακούνε ποτέ τους γονείς τους. Ekeína ta paidiá den ypakoúne poté tous goneís tous. Those children never obey their parents. υπακοή f (ypakoḯ, “obedience”) υπάκουος (ypákouos, “obedient”) Noun υπακοή • (ypakoḯ) f (uncountable) obedience Adjective υπάκουος • (ypákouos) m (feminine υπάκουη, neuter υπάκουο) obedient, dutiful συμμορφώνομαι Passive verb comply I change my behavior to be compatible with some principle From συμ (together, with) + μορφώ (change) + φώνομαι (compose) ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti Etymology From *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) +‎ *h₂ṓws (“ear”) +‎ *-yéti (“denominative suffix”). Verb *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (imperfective) to be sharp-eared, to hear well ``` and cognate with English hear, hark and harken. harken (third-person singular simple present harkens, present participle harkening, simple past and past participle harkened) (transitive, intransitive, chiefly US) Alternative spelling of hearken: to hear, to listen, to have regard. (intransitive, US, figuratively) To hark back, to return or revert (to a subject, etc.), to allude to, to evoke, to long or pine for (a past event or era). —————————————————- πειθαρχώ discipline (ametv.) I obey orders I receive from someone superior I force myself to follow a program, do something or avoid something. Etymology πειθαρχώ From ancient greek πειθαρχέω ( I am convinced of a principle , a power ) ``` πειθαρχέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: peitharcheó Phonetic Spelling: (pi-tharkh-eh'-o) Definition: to obey authority Usage: I obey one in authority, conform to advice, obey, follow. ``` 3980 peitharxéō (from 3982 /peíthō, " persuade" and 746/arxē, "what comes first") – properly, persuaded of what must come first, i.e. what has priority (the higher authority). from a comp. of peithó and archó From πείθω (trust, persuade, faith) + ἄρχω (to rule, to begin) ``` πείθω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: peithó Phonetic Spelling: (pi'-tho) Definition: to persuade, to have confidence Usage: I persuade, urge. ``` 3982 peíthō(the root of 4102 /pístis, "faith") – to persuade; (passive) be persuaded of what is trustworthy. The Lord persuades the yielded believer to be confident in His preferred-will (Gal 5:10; 2 Tim 1:12). 3982 (peíthō) involves "obedience, but it is properly the result of (God's) persuasion" (WS, 422). ``` ἄρχω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: archó Phonetic Spelling: (ar'-kho) Definition: to rule, to begin Usage: I reign, rule. ```

Answer 611

PEACE εἰρήνη • (eirḗnē) f (genitive εἰρήνης); first declension Noun peace Perhaps from εἴρω (eírō, “to fasten together”) or from εἴρω (eírō, “to speak, say”) compare ῥήτρα (rhḗtra, “verbal agreement, treaty”) Verb εἴρω • (eírō) I tie, join, fasten, string together I insert from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”). Verb εἴρω • (eírō) to say, speak, tell

Answer 612

LOGOS λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance. That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning. An account, explanation, or narrative. Subject matter. (Christianity) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament, by whom the world was created; God the Son. From the root of λέγω (légō, “I say”). Verb λέγω • (légō) I say, speak, converse, tell a story (middle passive) I mean From Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- Proto-Indo-European Root *leǵ- (imperfective) to gather, collect, with derivatives meaning to speak. ————————————————- DECLENSION declension of λόγος ``` singular nominative — λόγος genitive — λόγου accusative — λόγο vocative — λόγε ``` ``` plural nominative — λόγοι genitive — λόγων accusative — λόγους vocative — λόγοι ``` ————————————————- INFLECTION Nominative Singular — ὁ λόγος Dual — τὼ λόγω Plural — οἱ λόγοι Genitive Singular — τοῦ λόγου Dual — τοῖν λόγοιν Plural — τῶν λόγων Dative Singular — τῷ λόγῳ Dual — λόγοιν Plural — τοῖς λόγοις Accusative Singular — τὸν λόγον Dual — λόγω Plural — τοὺς λόγους Vocative Singular — λόγε Dual — λόγω Plural — λόγοι ————————————————- PREFIXES and SUFFIXES λόγος m (lógos, “word, argument for”) λόγια n pl (lógia, “words, talking”) (oratory): αγόρευση f (agórefsi) (ratio): αναλογία f (analogía) αντιλογία f (antilogía, “argument”) αντίλογος m (antílogos, “objection”) έμμετρος λόγος m (émmetros lógos, “poetry”) λογική f (logikí, “logic”) λογικό n (logikó, “reason”) λογικός (logikós, “logical”) λόγιος (lógios, “learned”) λόγιος m (lógios, “scholar”) λογοδιάρροια f (logodiárroia, “logorrhea, chattering”) λογοθεραπευτής m (logotherapeftís, “speech therapist”) λογοθεραπεύτρια f (logotherapéftria, “speech therapist”) λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”) λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis, “aspect ratio”) λόγος του θεού m (lógos tou theoú, “Word of God”) παράλογος m (parálogos, “irrational”) πλάγιος λόγος m (plágios lógos, “reported/indirect speech”) αντίλογος m (antílogos, “objection”) αντιλογάριθμος m (antilogárithmos, “antilogarithm”) αντιλογία f (antilogía, “argument”) αντιλογώ (antilogó, “to respond, to talk back”) λογικεύω (logikévo, “to think/behave reasonably”) λογικά (logiká, “logically”) λογικοκρατία f (logikokratía, “logicism”) λογικός (logikós, “logical”) ————————————————- λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”) λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis, “aspect ratio”) Noun διάσταση • (diástasi) f (plural διαστάσεις) dimension (length, width, height) stretching, growth, increase separation astride (position when standing with legs apart sideways) ————————————————- Noun λογικός • (logikós) m a sane person Noun λογικό • (logikó) n (uncountable) reason, mind ————————————————- αντιλογάριθμος • (antilogárithmos) m (plural αντιλογάριθμοι) (mathematics) antilogarithm Antonym: λογάριθμος (logárithmos) From αντι- (against-) +‎ λογάριθμος (logárithmos) From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Noun λογάριθμος • (logárithmos) m (plural λογάριθμοι) (mathematics) logarithm From λόγος (“word, reason”) and ἀριθμός (“number”) 2 to the fourth ``` Logarithm 2 — 4 — 8 — 16 (2 to the 4th power) 2 by 1 = 2 2 by 2 = 4 2 by 4 = 8 2 by 8 = 16 ``` ————————————————- αντίλογος • (antílogos) m (plural αντίλογοι) objection, argument against Antonym: λόγος (lógos) ————————————————- έμμετρος λόγος m (“poetry”) Literally “words in meter” Adjective έμμετρος • (émmetros) m (feminine έμμετρη, neuter έμμετρο) in verse, metrical ————————————————- Noun λογική • (logikí) f (uncountable) logic ————————————————- Adverb λογικά • (logiká) logically ————————————————- Adjective λογικός • (logikós) m (feminine λογική, neuter λογικό) logical, rational reasonable sensible (Acting with or showing good sense; able to make good judgements based on reason) Adjective λογῐκός • (logikós) m (feminine λογῐκή, neuter λογῐκόν); first/second declension Belonging to speech: prose Belonging to reason: intellectual rational, logical, reasonable, thoughtful From λόγος (“speech, reason”) +‎ -ῐκός (adjective “-ic”) ————————————————- Adjective λογικό • (logikó) Accusative singular masculine form of λογικός (logikós). Nominative, accusative and vocative singular neuter form of λογικός (logikós). ————————————————- Adjective λόγιος • (lógios) m (feminine λόγια, neuter λόγιο) scholarly, learned ————————————————- λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”) Noun διάσταση • (diástasi) f (plural διαστάσεις) dimension (length, width, height) stretching, growth, increase separation astride (position when standing with legs apart sideways) δύο διαστάσεων (dýo diastáseon, “of two dimensions”) λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”) λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis, “aspect ratio”) ``` στάση • (stási) f (plural στάσεις) position, attitude, stance (physical or mental) (transport) stop, bus stop (film) frame stop (coming to a halt) mutiny, rebellion stasis ``` ἀνάστασις f (ἀnástasis, “stand again, resurrection”) αντίσταση f (antístasi, “resistance”) έκσταση f (ékstasi, “ecstacy”) κατάσταση f (katástasi, “condition, situation”) στάση λεωφορείου f (stási leoforeíou, “bus stop”) στασιαστής m (stasiastís, “rebel”) σταθμός m (stathmós, “station”) Noun σταθμός • (stathmós) m (plural σταθμοί) (transport) station, terminus, terminal (bus, railway) σταθμός λεωφορείων ― stathmós leoforeíon ― bus station σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός ― sidirodromikós stathmós ― railway station station, facility, centre παιδικός σταθμός ― paidikós stathmós ― kindergarten βρεφονηπιακός σταθμός ― vrefonipiakós stathmós ― nursery ραδιοφωνικός σταθμός ― radiofonikós stathmós ― radio station τηλεοπτικός σταθμός ― tileoptikós stathmós ― television station σταθμός πρώτων βοηθειών ― stathmós próton voïtheión ― first aid station πυροσβεστικός σταθμός ― pyrosvestikós stathmós ― fire station σταθμός χωροφυλακής ― stathmós chorofylakís ― police station ``` σταματώ (stamató, “to stop”) στάση f (stási, “bus stop”) Related terms[edit] σταματώ (stamató, “to stop”) σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός m (sidirodromikós stathmós, “railway station”) στάθμευση f (státhmefsi, “parking”) ``` ``` στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree ``` ————————————————- ``` Noun λογογράφος • (logográphos) m (genitive λογογράφου); second declension prose writer chronicler speechwriter ``` From λόγος (lógos) +‎ γράφω (gráphō) +‎ -ος (-noun). Noun λογογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ • (logographíā) f (genitive λογογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς); first declension writing of speeches, of proses office or official recorder in a lawcourt From λογογρᾰ́φος (“prose-writer”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun). ————————————————- πρόλογος • (prólogos) m (genitive προλόγου); second declension the prologue of a play one who recites the above the introduction of a speech (mathematics) the antecedent, in ratios in which the first number is the largest From προ- (pro-, “before”) +‎ λόγος (lógos, “speech”). Noun πρόλογος • (prólogos) m prologue προλογίζω (prologízo) προλογικός (prologikós) prologue (plural prologues) A speech or section used as an introduction, especially to a play or novel. ————————————————- ἐπίλογος ἐπῐ́λογος • (epílogos) m (genitive ἐπῐλόγου); second declension reasoning, inference the epilogue or concluding portion of a play the peroration of a speech a subjoined or explanatory sentence From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on”) +‎ λόγος (lógos, “speech”). from Greek ἐπίλογος epílogos, "conclusion" from ἐπί epi, "in addition" and λόγος logos, "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks directly to the reader, that is more properly considered an afterword. The opposite is a prologue—a piece of writing at the beginning of a work of literature or drama, usually used to open the story and capture interest.

Answer 613

APOLOGY — Defense KATALOGY — Accusation ἀπολογέομαι (apologéomai, “speak in defence”) ἀπολογητέος (apologētéos, “one must defend”) ἀπολογία f (apología, “speech in defence”) From ἀπό- (apó-, “from”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”) ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ • (apologíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) a speech made in defense of something ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱν ποιεῖσθαι apologíān poieîsthai to make a defense From ᾰ̓πο- (“back”) +‎ λόγος (“speech”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun–forming suffix). Antonym of ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ (katēgoríā) κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ • (katēgoríā) f (genitive κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension A speech made in accusation, a charge against someone. charge, accusation (logic) predication, category ``` κατηγορία • (katigoría) f (plural κατηγορίες) category Άρθρα στην κατηγορία «Ουσιαστικά». Árthra stin katigoría «Ousiastiká». Articles in the category “Nouns”. accusation, charge Η κατηγορία εναντίον μας ήταν … I katigoría enantíon mas ítan … The charge against us was … ``` Verb κατηγορώ • (katigoró) (past κατηγόρησα, passive κατηγορούμαι, p‑past κατηγορήθηκα, ppp κατηγορημένος) blame, accuse (law) accuse, charge αλληλοκατηγορία f (allilokatigoría, “recrimination”) αυτοκατηγορούμαι (aftokatigoroúmai, “accuse one's self”) κατηγορουμένη f (katigorouméni, “accused, person charged”) κατηγορούμενο n (katigoroúmeno, “predicative”, noun) κατηγόρημα n (katigórima, “predicate”) κατηγορία f (katigoría, “accusation”) and see: κατήγορος m or f (katígoros, “plaintiff”) κᾰτήγορος • (katḗgoros) m (genitive κᾰτηγόρου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine) accuser κᾰτηγορέω • (katēgoréō) to speak against, especially before judges, to accuse, to denounce publicly to state or bring as a charge against a person, accuse of it (with accusative of object) to allege in accusation (passive) to be accused (absolute) to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor to signify, indicate, prove (followed by a relative pronoun) to tell plainly, declare, assert (in logic) to predicate of a person or thing to affirm From κᾰτήγορος (katḗgoros) +‎ -έω (-éō), or from κᾰτᾰ- (kata-, “against”) +‎ ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in assembly”) ἀγορεύω • (agoreúō) to speak in the assembly to say, speak to proclaim From ἀγορᾱ́ (agorā́, “assembly”) +‎ -εύω (-eúō, “denominative verb-forming suffix”).

Answer 614

TO SAY ``` Verb λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` ————————————————- Verb ᾰπολέγω • (apolégō) to pick out from, to choose (later sense) decline, refuse From ἀπό- (apó-, “from”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”) ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ • (apologíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) a speech made in defense of something From ᾰ̓πο- (apo-, “back”) +‎ λόγος (lógos, “speech”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun–forming suffix). ————————————————- ``` Verb ἐκλέγω • (eklégō) to pick or single out, to choose (in middle voice) to pull out one's gray hairs to levy taxes or tribute ``` From ἐκ- (ek-, “out”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose”) ————————————————- ``` Verb ἐπῐλέγω • (epilégō) to say in addition, to add further, to call by name to choose, to pick out, to select to read to think over, to consider ``` From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). ————————————————- συλλέγω • (sullégō) to gather, collect, bring together to call together, to raise or levy Verb συλλέγω • (syllégo) (past συνέλεξα, passive συλλέγομαι) collect, gather Synonyms: συγκεντρώνω (sygkentróno), μαζεύω (mazévo), συναθροίζω (synathroízo) (formal) pick fruit from trees or plants gather, accumulate, reposit gather information make a collection of items συλλέγω νομίσματα, γραμματόσημα ― syllégo nomísmata, grammatósima ― I collect coins, stamps ``` σῠλλογή • (sullogḗ) f (genitive σῠλλογῆς); first declension gathering, collecting (of soldiers) raising, levying summary, collection of instances assembly, meeting, summoning of a boule ``` From συλλέγω (sullégō, “to gather, collect”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix). Noun συλλογή • (syllogí) f (plural συλλογές) collection, compilation, assortment, picking From Ancient Greek συλλογή (sullogḗ, “collection”) from συλλέγω (sullégō, “to collect”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + λέγω (légō, “to say”). συλλέκτης • (sylléktis) m (plural συλλέκτες, feminine συλλέκτρια) collector (person who collects things) collector (apparatus for collecting things) ηλιακός συλλέκτης (solar collector) αρχαιοσυλλέκτης m (archaiosylléktis, “collector of ancient art”) βιβλιοσυλλέκτης m (vivliosylléktis, “collector of books”) καπνοσυλλέκτης m (kapnosylléktis, “apparatus of chimneys for collecting soot”) καρποσυλλέκτης m (karposylléktis, “fruit gatherer”) λιποσυλλέκτης m (liposylléktis, “apparatus for collecting fat”) ναρκοσυλλέκτης m (narkosylléktis, “specialist for collecting mines”) ρητινοσυλλέκτης m (ritinosylléktis, “resin collector”) τροφοσυλλέκτης m (trofosylléktis, “food gatherer”) νεοσύλλεκτος m (neosýllektos, “recruit”) περισυλλέγω (perisyllégo, “collect, glean”) περισυλλογή f (perisyllogí, “concentration”) πολυσυλλεκτικότητα f (polysyllektikótita, “inclusiveness”) συλλέκτης f (sylléktis, “collector”) & compounds συλλεκτικός (syllektikós, “collecting, collector's”) συλλεκτικότητα f (syllektikótita) συλλογέας m (syllogéas, “collector”) συλλογή f (syllogí, “collection”) ————————————————- ``` παραλέγω To miss the point of the conversation. To lose the plot. Speak incidentally, to be cited. Speak beside the purpose, wander in one's talk, rave. ``` ————————————————- Verb ἀμφιλέγω • (amphilégō) to dispute, to question to doubt, to argue with two viewpoints ἀμφι- (all around) +‎ λέγω (‘to say') Derived terms ἀμφίλεκτος (masc. fem.), ἀμφίλεκτον (amphílekton) (neu.) “of which one disputes” ἀμφιλογία f (amphilogía, “the doubting”) ἀμφίλογος (masc. fem.), ἀμφίλογον (amphílogon) (neu.) “of which one disputes” Related terms (to disupte): (neuter plural): the disputed (Doric) τὰ ἀμφιλλεγόμενα (tà amphillegómena) (Koine) τὰ ἀμφιλεγόμενα (tà amphilegómena) ————————————————- Verb κᾰτᾰλέγω • (katalégō) to pick out, to choose out of, to levy/enlist/enrol to tell or count up, to recount, to reckon up (i.e. to go over in detail, e.g. a pedigree) repeat lay down From κᾰτᾰ- (denoting motion downwards) +‎ λέγω (to choose, to say) ————————————————- Adverb καταλογάδην • (katalogádēn) in conversation or prose in detail, longwindedly From καταλέγω (“to tell in detail”) +‎ -δην (deverbal adverb suffix) Suffix -δην • (-dēn) Added to verbal nouns or the roots of verbs to form a deverbal adverb Gerunds -ing Deverbal adverbs, also known as gerunds, are adverbs formed from verbs. (An adverb, we remind you, is a word that answers the questions when (today), where (here), in what manner (playfully) and so forth.) All deverbal adverbs from Imperfective verbs are adverbs in (the present tense). ————————————————- Noun κᾰτᾰ́λογος • (katálogos) m (genitive κᾰτᾰλόγου); second declension enrolment register, catalogue Noun κατάλογος • (katálogos) m (plural κατάλογοι) catalogue (UK), catalog (US) list menu (a list of available dishes in restaurant) (computing) directory, folder From κατάλεγω (katálegō) +‎ -ος (-os). Synonyms (directory) : φάκελος m (fákelos) (menu) : μενού n (menoú) (menu) : εδεσματολόγιο n (edesmatológio) (list) : λίστα f (lísta) ακαταλόγιστο n (akatalógisto, “not responsible because of intellectual incapacity”) (law) ακαταλόγιστος (akatalógistos, “not responsible”) καταλογάδην (katalogádin, adverb) καταλογή f (katalogí) (poetry genre) καταλογίζω (katalogízo) καταλογισμός f (katalogismós) καταλογιστό n (katalogistó) (law) καταλογογράφηση f (katalogográfisi, “catalogizing, register”) καταλογραφώ (katalografó, “catalogize”) τιμοκατάλογος m (timokatálogos, “price list”) Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “sense: arrange, put in order”) ————————————————- Noun ακαταλόγιστο • (akatalógisto) n (plural ακαταλόγιστα) irresponsibility Synonym: ανευθυνότητα (anefthynótita) (law) lack of responsibility owing to reduced intellectual capacity Adjective ακαταλόγιστος • (akatalógistos) m (feminine ακαταλόγιστη, neuter ακαταλόγιστο) not responsible irresponsible ————————————————- Derived terms From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'say' αντιλέγω (antilégo, “object, contradict”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “converse with”) προλέγω (prolégo, “say beforehand”) συνδιαλέγομαι (syndialégomai, “converse with”) and from form λέω (léo), πρωτολέω (protoléo, “say for the first time”) See also From the ancient λέγω, sense: 'choose' αποδιαλέγω (apodialégo, “pick”) (colloquial) διαλέγω (dialégo, “choose”) εκλέγω (eklégo, “elect”) επανεκλέγω (epaneklégo, “reelect”) επιλέγω (epilégo, “choose, pick”) καταλέγομαι (katalégomai, “be included, registered”) ξεδιαλέγω (xedialégo, “pick among”) περισυλλέγω (perisyllégo, “choose, pick”) προεπιλέγω (proepilégo, “choose beforehand”) συγκαταλέγω (sygkatalégo, “include”) συλλέγω (syllégo, “collect”)

Answer 615

MOODS REALIS (past and present tense / what is) Indicative/declarative Aggressive Energetic Evidential (Sensory) Generic/gnomic Mirative IRREALIS (future possibility / past probability) Deontic (what should be) Benedictive Commissive (promises, threats) Directive (commands, requests, requirements) Debitive Deliberative Dynamic Hortative (+ subtypes) Imperative Injunctive Jussive Necessitative Permissive Precative Prohibitive Propositive Volitive (hopes, wishes, fears) Desiderative Imprecative Optative Epistemic (what may be) inferences, possibilities, questions, etc.) Alethic Assumptive Deductive Dubitative Hypothetical Inferential/renarrative/oblique Interrogative Potential Speculative Subjunctive ``` Dependent circumstances (what would be) Conditional upon an event occurring. ``` ——————————————- Indicative — as it happened (expression of historical fact) Imperative — make it happen (do this, get that) [command] Subjunctive — as it “may/might/could happen” (future — potential) Optative — as it “hopefully” happens (wish / desire / want / hope) Hortative — as it “should” happen (encourage, discourage) Jussive — as it “ought to” happen (future — must, ought, shall, will) Interrogative — who, what, where, when, why, how did it happen? Deductive — as it “must” have happened (deduced from the evidence) The deductive mood is an epistemic grammatical mood that indicates that the truth of the statement was deduced from other information, rather than being directly known. In English, deductive mood is often indicated by the word “must”, which is also used for many other purposes. By contrast, some other languages have special words or verb affixes to indicate deductive mood specifically. An example in English: I can smell gas in the house! Someone “must have” left the stove on! (deductive indicated by must) ——————————————— Irrealis Deontic modality (abbreviated deo) is a linguistic modality that indicates how the world ought to be[1] according to certain norms, expectations, speaker desire, etc. In other words, a deontic expression indicates that the state of the world (where 'world' is loosely defined here in terms of the surrounding circumstances) does not meet some standard or ideal, whether that standard be social (such as laws), personal (desires), etc. The sentence containing the deontic modal generally indicates some action that would change the world so that it becomes closer to the standard or ideal. ``` This category includes the following subcategories:[2] Commissive modality (the speaker's commitment to do something, like a promise or threat):[3] "I shall help you." Directive modality (commands, requests, etc.): "Come!", "Let's go!", "You've got to taste this curry!" Volitive modality (wishes, desires, etc.): "If only I were rich!" A related type of modality is dynamic modality, which indicates a subject's internal capabilities or willingness as opposed to external factors such as permission or orders given. ``` Deontic moods are a category of grammatical moods that are used to express deontic modality. An example for a deontic mood is the imperative ("Come!"). However, many languages (like English) have additional ways to express deontic modality, like modal verbs ("I shall help you.") and other verbs ("I hope to come soon."), as well as adverbials (hopefully) and other constructions. ———————————————- Early on, we said that "mood' had to do with "degree of contingency." In the indicative mood, there is zero contingency. The verbal idea is affirmed or negated as a matter of fact. The subjunctive mood has contingency. The verbal idea is contemplated as a possibility, but not necessarily a reality. The optative mood has even greater contingency. In keeping with that idea, we will later consider the imperative mood as having contingency. (You may command someone to do something, but whether he does it or not remains to be seen.)

Answer 616

VERBAL CONJUGATIONS http://ntgreek.net Participles explained http://ntgreek.net/lesson31.htm ————————————————- Verb λέγω • (légō) I say, speak, converse, tell a story (middle passive) I mean ``` λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` ——————————————— ``` PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE [Active] I do it. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE [Middle / Passive] It is being done to me. — I am doing it to myself. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` PRESENT INFINITIVE INDICATIVE [Infinitive -ing] I am doing it. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ———————————————— ========================== ———————————————— PARTICIPLES — μεν Participles are modifiers. (Adjectives and Adverbs) Participles are adjectives that modify nouns. (+Adjective phrases) Participles are also adverbs modifying verbs. (+Adverb phrases) ``` Adjectives within (-ing) suffix. Running man. Walking woman. Speeding train. Racing car. Wandering child. Caring nurse. Flying bird. ``` ``` Adverbs and phrases with (-ing) He sped racing cars. He banked flying his plane. He jumped catching the ball. He fell climbing the cliff. He laughed watching the comedian. He screamed listening to the radio. She gasped hearing the gossip. She rose getting out of bed. She signed hearing the news. She grasped touching the handrail. She groped while feeling the ground in the dark. She sang soothing the baby to sleep. She prayed feeling helpless by her situation. ``` [definition] Participles are fundamentally verbal adjectives. They indicate action as do verbs. But they also modify nouns and even verbs. Consider the word "walking" in the following sentences: Man lost car. The man lost his car. The “walking” man lost his car. (Participle -ing) adjective The man “walking down the street” lost his car. (adjectival phrase) The subject is "man," and the main verb is "lost." The simple sentence is "man lost car." But there is a modifier telling us which man is under consideration. The modifier is the phrase, "walking down the street." Here, "walking" is a participle. It is a verb that functions as an adjective. Participles can also function adverbially (modifying a verb), and the adverbial idea often comes to the forefront. As an adverb, the participle may tell us when or how the action of the main verb took place as in the following sentence: He broke his leg playing football. The simple sentence is "He broke leg." But the adverbial phrase, "playing football" tells us when and how the break occurred. "Playing" is a participle. In this instance, the participle is functioning as an adverb modifying the verb "broke." Gerunds & Participles Verb He runs home. The man ran home. I will run in the race. ``` Verb (Infinitive - “to”) to run He is going to run. He is about to run. He has to run. You have to help me with my homework. To help To travel To prescribe To cry To build To correct. An infinitive usually begins with the word “to” and is followed by the base form of a verb (the simple form of the verb that you would find in the dictionary). Examples of infinitives include to read, to run, to jump, to play, to sing, to laugh, to cry, to eat, and to go. ``` ``` Verb (Continuous) -ing Used with copula (is - am - are - will be) He is running. I went running. You are running. He will be running. ``` Suffix -ing Gerund He went running for exercise. ``` Verbal Noun A Suffix that Converts a verb to a noun. Examples (Verb — Noun suffix) Arrive - Arrival Hesitate - Hesitation Decide - Decision Fail - Failure Write - Writing To Benefit - Beneficiary Distract - Distraction Rely - Reliability Signify - Significance Strengthen - Strength Succeed - Success ``` ``` Participle (Adjective) The running man was chasing after his stolen car. (Adjective) The man running home is late. (Adjectival phrase) ``` ————————— GERUNDS Gerunds are words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns. They’re very easy to spot, since every gerund is a verb with (-ing) tacked to its tail. Examples of Gerunds * Swimming in the ocean has been Sharon's passion since she was five years old. * Let's go dancing at the club tonight. * I delayed telling Jerry the bad news. * Holly decided that flying above the clouds was the most incredible experience she'd ever had. ``` GENDER Participles have case endings for each gender. Masculine Feminine Neuter ``` PERSONS Participles do not have "person" and therefore, are not conjugated to distinguish between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person. NUMBER Participles have “number” as in singular and plural endings. Singular Plural ``` CASE Participles have Cade endings. Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative ``` ——————————— {Present Active Participle} I am “doing this way” the act. -ουσ- λύ+ουσ+ α NOMINATIVE (Masculine) Singular — λέγων Plural — NOMINATIVE (Feminine) Singular — λέγουσᾰ Plural — NOMINATIVE (Neuter) Singular — λέγον Plural — GENITIVE (Masculine) Singular — Plural — GENITIVE (Feminine) Singular — Plural — GENITIVE (Neuter) Singular — Plural — DATIVE (Masculine) Singular — Plural — DATIVE (Feminine) Singular — Plural — DATIVE (Neuter) Singular — Plural — ACCUSATIVE (Masculine) Singular — Plural — ACCUSATIVE (Feminine) Singular — Plural — ACCUSATIVE (Neuter) Singular — Plural — ——————————— {Present Middle/Passive Participles} I am “receiving this way” the act. It is being done to me (passive) I am doing it to myself (middle passive) It is being done to another (passive) Consider λυόμενος: present stem + connecting vowel + μεν + 2nd declension ending λυ + ο + μεν + ος NOMINATIVE (Masculine) Singular — λεγόμενος Plural — NOMINATIVE (Feminine) Singular — λεγομένη Plural — NOMINATIVE (Neuter) Singular — λεγόμενον Plural — GENITIVE (Masculine) Singular — Plural — GENITIVE (Feminine) Singular — Plural — GENITIVE (Neuter) Singular — Plural — DATIVE (Masculine) Singular — Plural — DATIVE (Feminine) Singular — Plural — DATIVE (Neuter) Singular — Plural — ACCUSATIVE (Masculine) Singular — Plural — ACCUSATIVE (Feminine) Singular — Plural — ACCUSATIVE (Neuter) Singular — Plural — ———————————————— ========================== ———————————————— ``` [Aorist] I did it. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` [Perfect] It has been done. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` [PluPerfect] It had been done. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` [Future] It will be done. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` [Future Perfect] It will have been done. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ``` ``` [Imperfect] It have/had been doing it. SINGULAR 1st — ( I ) — 2nd — ( You ) — 3rd — ( He / She / It ) — DUAL 2nd — ( Both of You ) — 3rd — ( Both of Them ) — PLURAL 1st — ( We ) — 2nd — ( You All ) — 3rd — ( They ) — ```

Answer 617

SEEK - DEBATE - INVESTIGATE - DISCOVERY - DISCUSS DISCUSS - DEBATE - CONVERSE συζητώ ζήτησις a debate N-NFS ``` Verb συζητώ • (syzitó) past συζήτησα passive συζητούμαι p‑past συζητήθηκα ppp συζητημένος) a more formal variant of συζητάω (syzitáo) ``` Verb συζητώ • (syzitó) (past συζήτησα, passive συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος) a more formal variant of συζητάω (syzitáo) Verb συζητάω • (syzitáo) / συζητώ (past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι/συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος) discuss, debate, talk over Verb ζητέω Transliteration: zéteó Phonetic Spelling: (dzay-teh'-o) Definition: to seek Usage: I seek, search for, desire, require, demand. properly, to seek by inquiring; to investigate to reach a binding (terminal) resolution; to search, "getting to the bottom of a matter." Noun συζήτηση • (syzítisi) f (plural συζητήσεις) dialogue (especially exchange of views) dialogue, conversation ——————————————— SYNONYM Noun συνομιλία • (synomilía) f (plural συνομιλίες) dialogue, exchange of views dialogue, conversation From συν- + ὁμός (same) + ῑ̓́λη (group, troop of men) + ία (noun) ``` ομιλία speech • ( omilia ) f ( plural speeches ) speech discourse , talk lecture , homily ``` From ὁμός (same) + ῑ̓́λη (group, band, troop of men) ``` Noun ὁμῑλῐ́ᾱ • ( homīlíā ) f ( genitive ὁμῑλῐ́ᾱς ); first declension intercourse , interaction , company sexual intercourse instruction , homily ``` From ὅμῑλος “Group” [homilos] Crowd Or Gathering of people " ) + -IA (abstract noun) ὅμιλος crowd, throng tumult (of battle) Adjective ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension same, common, joint From Proto-Indo-European *somHós from the root *sem- which also gave εἷς (heîs, “one”). Cognate with Old English sama (English same) Sanskrit सम (sama) “same, equal, alike, identical” Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama) “same, together” Old Church Slavonic самъ (samŭ). Noun ῑ̓́λη • (ī́lē) f (genitive ἴλης); first declension band, troop of men troop of horses, squadron of cavalry subdivision of the ἀγέλη (agélē) at Sparta Noun ᾰ̓γέλη • (agélē) f (genitive ᾰ̓γέλης); first declension herd (any group, of people or animals) company, shoal at Crete, bands or classes in which youth were trained from the age of seventeen until marriage From ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) ——————————————— Participle συζητημένος • (syzitiménos) m (feminine συζητημένη, neuter συζητημένο) discussed, talked about Verb ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος) ask for, request seek, look for (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after ``` Verb ζητέω • (zētéō) to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish ``` Noun ζήτημα • (zítima) n matter, issue question, subject, issue ``` Noun ζήτησῐς • (zḗtēsis) f (genitive ζητήσεως); third declension the act of seeking, searching for a search inquiry, investigation question ``` Adjective ζητητῐκός • (zētētikós) m (feminine ζητητῐκή, neuter ζητητῐκόν); first/second declension disposed to searching, inquiry (in masculine, substantive, usually in the plural) Sceptic (in feminine, substantive) Sceptic philosophy Synonyms (look for): ψάχνω (psáchno) (look for): γυρεύω (gyrévo) (look for): ερευνώ (erevnó, “investigate”) Derived terms ζητούμενος (zitoúmenos, passive present participle) Compounds: αναζητάω (anazitáo, “to search for, to rummage”), αναζητώ (anazitó) αποζητάω (apozitáo, “seek”), αποζητώ (apozitó) επιζητώ (epizitó) συζητάω (syzitáo, “to discuss, to debate”), συζητώ (syzitó) πολυσυζητάω (polysyzitáo), πολυσυζητώ (polysyzitó) ψωμοζητάω (psomozitáo) Related terms ζήτημα n (zítima) ζήτηση f (zítisi, “the demand”) ζητιάνος m (zitiános, “beggar”) Verb ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος) ask for, request Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό. Zítisa éna potíri neró. I asked for a glass of water. Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι’ αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας». Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi’ aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas». I am looking for a nice job, so I’ve posted an advertisement: “Requesting position as secretary”. Ζητώ συγχώρεση. Zitó synchóresi. I ask for forgiveness. seek, look for Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση. Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi. I’m looking for a used car in good condition. (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει. Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei. We’re selling lots of umbrellas. The are in demand whenever it rains. ``` Derived terms[edit] ἀζητητος (azētētos) ἀναζητέω (anazētéō) ἀναζήτησις (anazḗtēsis) ἀντιζητέω (antizētéō) διαζητέω (diazētéō) δυσζήτητος (duszḗtētos) ἐκζητέω (ekzētéō) ἐκζήτησις (ekzḗtēsis) ἐπιζητέω (epizētéō) ἐπιζήτησις (epizḗtēsis) ἐπιζητητέος (epizētētéos) ζηταρετησιάδης (zētaretēsiádēs) ζητεύω (zēteúō) ζήτημα (zḗtēma) ζητησιμος (zētēsimos) ζητήσιμος (zētḗsimos) ζήτησις (zḗtēsis) ζητητέος (zētētéos) ζητητής (zētētḗs) ζητητικός (zētētikós) ζητητός (zētētós) παραζητέω (parazētéō) προσαναζητέω (prosanazētéō) προσεπιζητέω (prosepizētéō) συζητέω (suzētéō) συζήτησις (suzḗtēsis) ``` Verb δίζημαι • (dízēmai) (chiefly Epic) to seek out, look for Reduplicated present from the root of ζητέω (zētéō). ``` Noun ζημῐ́ᾱ • (zēmíā) f (genitive ζημῐ́ᾱς); first declension loss, damage Antonym: κέρδος (kérdos) penalty in money, fine Synonyms: θωή (thōḗ), ποινή (poinḗ) (in general) penalty expense, expenditure dead loss, bad bargain ``` Sommer connected the word with ζῆλος (zêlos, “fervour, zeal”) ζητέω (zētéō, “to inquire, search, investigate”) and δίζημαι (dízēmai, “to seek out, look for”) Noun ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion (with genitive) zeal for one (with genitive) (passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory (of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness Noun ζηλοτῠπῐ́ᾱ • (zēlotupíā) f (genitive ζηλοτῠπῐ́ᾱς); first declension jealousy, rivalry, envy From ζηλότῠπος (zēlótupos, “jealous”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Adjective ζηλότῠπος • (zēlótupos) m or f (neuter ζηλότῠπον); second declension jealous eager From ζῆλος (zêlos, “jealous”) +‎ τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow”) τῠ́πος pattern, example, model mark, figure, image, outline Etymology Verb From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”). ``` τῠ́πος • (túpos) m (genitive τῠ́που); second declension A blow, pressing The results of a blow: mark, impression mark, figure, image, outline General character of a thing: sort, type text, content pattern, example, model summoning ``` ``` Verb τύπτω • (túptō) (literally or figuratively) to beat, strike, smite (middle) to beat, strike oneself to beat one's breast in grief: to mourn ``` Noun τύμμᾰ • (túmma) n (genitive τύμμᾰτος); third declension A blow, a wound A pick, a sting, a snakebite ``` Noun τῠ́μπᾰνον • (túmpanon) n (genitive τῠμπᾰ́νου); second declension (music) drum, kettledrum drumstick, staff, cudgel instrument of torture cylinder or drum of a piston wheel ``` ``` Descendants Greek: τύμπανο (týmpano) Latin: tympanum English: tympanum Medieval Greek: τύμπανον Old French: timbre English: timbre French: timbre ``` ``` Etymology From Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum, kettledrum”). Doublet of τούμπανο (toúmpano). Noun[edit] τύμπανο • (týmpano) n (plural τύμπανα) (music) timpani, drum (anatomy) ear drum (architecture) tympanum (lithography) drum ``` Noun τυμπανοκρουσία • (tympanokrousía) f (plural τυμπανοκρουσίες) a drum roll on snare drum, tattoo (figuratively) noisy presentation, fanfare

Answer 618

DIALOGUE Noun διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension conversation, dialogue Verb διαλέγω • (dialégō) I choose, gather, pick (out), select. Noun διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension A conversation, a dialogue. Verb δῐᾰλέγομαι • (dialégomai) I converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue. (philosophy) I practise dialectic, elicit conclusions. (late) I lecture, discourse. I speak articulately, write in prose, use a dialect or language. (euphemistic, Attic) I have intercourse. I have dealings (with someone). Noun δῐᾰ́λεκτος • (diálektos) f (genitive δῐᾰλέκτου); second declension discourse, conversation manner of speech, language dialect, accent From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I discuss”) +‎ -τος (-adjective) from δῐᾰ́ (diá, “through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”). Adjective δῐᾰλεκτῐκός • (dialektikós) m (feminine δῐᾰλεκτῐκή, neuter δῐᾰλεκτῐκόν); first/second declension (Attic, Koine) (rare) Conversational Skilled in dialectic Dialectical From διαλέγομαι (“to have a conversation”) +‎ -τῐκός (verbal adjective) Verb επιλέγω from ἐπι- (“on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (“to choose, to say”) επιλέγω • (epilégo) (past επέλεξα, passive επιλέγομαι) (transitive, intransitive) choose, select, pick (decide upon from a set of options) Επέλεξε το πράσινο φόρεμα να φορέσει. Epélexe to prásino fórema na forései. She chose the green dress to wear. Έχεις επιλέξει ακόμα; Écheis epiléxei akóma? Have you chosen yet? (intransitive, rare) conclude (to say in conclusion) Επιλέγοντας, είπε ότι λυπόταν για ό,τι έκανε. Epilégontas, eípe óti lypótan gia ó,ti ékane. Concluding, he said he was sorry for what he did. (different sense for the present participle) επιλεγόμενος: eponymous Verb διαλέγομαι • (dialégomai) passive (past διαλέχτηκα, active διαλέγω) be chosen, be selected αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”) διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”) διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”) διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”) διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”) επίλεκτος (epílektos, “picked, handpicked”) επιλέξιμος (epiléximos, “eligible, selectable”) επιλογέας m (epilogéas, “selector, selector dial”) επιλογή f (epilogí, “choice, selection”) επίλογος m (epílogos, “epilogue”) (choose, select): διαλέγω (dialégo) (conclude): τελειώνω (teleióno), συμπληρώνω (sympliróno)

Answer 619

COMPETENCE - RESPONSIBILITY - HARMONY From αρμόδιος (“competent, responsible”) +‎ -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”). Noun αρμοδιότητα • (armodiótita) f (plural αρμοδιότητες) province, domain, competence (power or right to exercise authority) Αυτό το ζήτημα είναι εκτός της αρμοδιότητάς μου. Aftó to zítima eínai ektós tis armodiótitás mou. This issue is outside of my domain. παραχωρώ την αρμοδιότητα ― parachoró tin armodiótita ― to yield authority (law) jurisdiction, competence (legal authority to deal with a matter) Το δικαστήριο δεν έχει αρμοδιότητα να εκδικάσει την υπόθεση. To dikastírio den échei armodiótita na ekdikásei tin ypóthesi. The court does not have the jurisdiction to try the case. Declension declension of αρμοδιότητα Synonyms[edit] (jurisdiction, competence, province, domain): δικαιοδοσία f (dikaiodosía) Antonyms[edit] (jurisdiction, competence, province, domain): αναρμοδιότητα f (anarmodiótita) Adjective αρμόδιος • (armódios) m (feminine αρμόδια, neuter αρμόδιο) competent, qualified (having sufficient skill, knowledge or ability) Δεν είμαι αρμόδιος να κρίνω. Den eímai armódios na kríno. I’m not qualified to judge. Δεν είμαι αρμόδιος γι’ αυτό το θέμα. Den eímai armódios gi’ aftó to théma. I’m not competent in this matter. in charge, responsible (answerable for an act performed or for its consequences) Ο καθ’ ύλην αρμόδιος υπουργός δεν απάντησε στα ερωτήματά μας. O kath’ ýlin armódios ypourgós den apántise sta erotímatá mas. The responsible minister did not answer our questions. Ποιος είναι αρμόδιος για την ασφάλεια; Poios eínai armódios gia tin asfáleia? Who is responsible for safety? from ἁρμόζω (harmózō, “to govern, command, arrange”). ``` Verb ἁρμόζω • (harmózō) to fit together, join to betroth to arrange, govern, command to compose to fit, suit, am adapted well for ``` ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to join, fit, fix together”) Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂er- to fit, to fix, to put together ``` Noun ἀρθμός • (arthmós) m (genitive ἀρθμοῦ); second declension bond, league, friendship

Answer 620

BRIGHTNESS OF MIND ``` Noun φάος • (pháos) n (genitive φᾰ́εος); third declension To shine light, especially daylight the light of a torch, fire, a light of the light or time of day (poetic) the life of men a day the light of the eyes a window (figuratively or poetic) delight, deliverance, happiness, victory, glory, etc. the dark ring around the nipple, areola ``` from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”) Proto-Indo-European Root *bʰeh₂- (imperfective) to shine, glow light Cognates include Latin iubar (“radiance, light”) Sanskrit भास् (bhās, “light, brilliance”) and भास (bhāsa, “luster, light”) and Old English basu (“purple”). Verb φᾰέθω • (phaéthō) I shine, I am radiant Participle φᾰέθων • (phaéthōn) m (feminine φᾰέθουσᾰ, neuter φᾰ́εθον); first/third declension shining, radiant JUPITER Φᾰέθων ``` Proper noun Φᾰέθων • (Phaéthōn) m (genitive Φᾰέθοντος); third declension one of the light-bringing steeds of Eos son of Eos and Cephalus Phaëthon (son of Helios, famous for his unlucky driving of the sun-chariot, and subject of a play by Euripides) the Sun the constellation Auriga the planet Jupiter ``` Use as a proper noun of the masculine forms of φᾰέθων (phaéthōn, “shining”, “radiant”), the present active participle of φᾰέθω (phaéthō, “I shine”, “I am radiant”). Noun φᾱνός • (phānós) m (genitive φᾱνου); second declension torch, lantern Adjective φᾱνός • (phānós) m (feminine φᾱνή, neuter φᾱνόν); first/second declension bright, shining, resplendent Adjective φᾰνερός • (phanerós) m (feminine φᾰνερᾱ́, neuter φᾰνερόν); first/second declension visible, manifest, evident, apparent (of property) real (of votes) open (adverbial) openly, manifestly (joined with prepositions in adverbial sense) (of gods, people) known, acknowledged, conspicuous Open , frank, transparent Antonyms κρυφός (kryfós, “hidden, secret”) μυστικός (mystikós, “secret”) Verb φαίνω • (phaínō) (transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal (transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose (of sound) (transitive) Ι show forth, expound (transitive) I denounce (intransitive) I shine, give light (passive) I appear; I shine I come into being I come about (copulative or control verb) I appear (to be) (φαίνεται as interjection) yes; so it appears; apparently (late, impersonal) it seems Adjective φᾰεινός • (phaeinós) m (feminine φᾰεινή, neuter φᾰεινόν); first/second declension Epic form of φᾱνός (phānós, “bright, shining, resplendent”) Verb δῐᾰφαίνω • (diaphaínō) (active) to show through (transitive), shine through (passive) to appear or show through (intransitive) (passive) to glow, to be red hot (passive) to be proved, show itself, be conspicuous among others αναφαίνομαι (anafaínomai, “to appear, to look again”) αναφανδόν (anafandón, “overtly”, adverb) φαίνομαι (faínomai, “to appear, to seem”) φανερά (fanerá, “overtly”, adverb) ``` Verb αναφαίνομαι • (anafaínomai) deponent (past αναφάνηκα) appear, emerge look again see: φανερός (fanerós, “overt”) ``` Adverb αναφανδόν • (anafandón) overtly, in plain view Synonym: φανερά (fanerá) ``` Verb φᾰνερόω • (phaneróō) to make manifest to make known or famous (passive) to become so ``` From φᾰνερός (“visible”) +‎ -όω (factitive verb) -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. Verb φαίνομαι • (phaínomai) first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of φαίνω (phaínō) Verb φαίνομαι • (faínomai) deponent (past φάνηκα) seem, appear Ο Γιώργος φαίνεται άρρωστος σήμερα. O Giórgos faínetai árrostos símera. George seems ill today. αυτά μου φαίνονται κινέζικα aftá mou faínontai kinézika it's all Greek to me (literally, “this seems Chinese to me”) appear Το πλοίο φαίνεται στον ορίζοντα. To ploío faínetai ston orízonta. The ship appears on the horizon. Verb φαίνω • (phaínō) (transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal (transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose (of sound) (transitive) Ι show forth, expound (transitive) I denounce (intransitive) I shine, give light (passive) I appear; I shine I come into being I come about (copulative or control verb) I appear (to be) (φαίνεται as interjection) yes; so it appears; apparently (late, impersonal) it seems Verb ἐπιφαίνω • (epiphaínō) to shine, shed light upon to show, display (middle, passive) to come to light, appear. From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine, bring to light”). SUFFIX -φᾰνής Etymology From φαν- (phan-), the root of φαίνω (phaínō), + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). Combining form -φᾰνής • (-phanḗs) m or f (neuter -φᾰνές) Combining form used in adjectives of appearance Synonyms -ειδής (-eidḗs) Suffix -ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id From εἶδος (“form, appearance”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix). Suffix -ώδης • (-ṓdēs) m or f (neuter -ῶδες); third declension Adjective-forming suffix: smelling of (by generalization) adjective-forming suffix: full of, like From ὄζω (ózō, “smell”). ————————————————- Synonyms (show, reveal): ἀναφαίνω (anaphaínō), ἀποφαίνω (apophaínō), ἐπιφαίνω (epiphaínō), προφαίνω (prophaínō), δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmi), διαδείκνυμι (diadeíknumi), ἐπιδείκνυμι (epideíknumi), ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalúptō), δηλόω (dēlóō), σημαίνω (sēmaínō), φράζω (phrázō) (shine): λάμπω (lámpō), αὐγάζω (augázō), αὐγέω (augéō), φέγγω (phéngō), σελαγέω (selagéō), στίλβω (stílbō), πρέπω (prépō), θέω (théō) (seem): δοκέω (dokéō), εἴδομαι (eídomai), ἔοικα (éoika), ἰνδάλλομαι (indállomai), ὑπειδόμην (hupeidómēn) ``` ᾰ̓νᾰφαίνω (anaphaínō) ᾰ̓ντῐφαίνω (antiphaínō) ᾰ̓ποφαίνω (apophaínō) δῐᾰφαίνω (diaphaínō) εἰσφαίνω (eisphaínō) ἐκφαίνω (ekphaínō) ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō) ἐπῐφαίνω (epiphaínō) κᾰτᾰφαίνω (kataphaínō) παμφαίνω (pamphaínō) πᾰρᾰφαίνω (paraphaínō) περῐφαίνομαι (periphaínomai) προσφαίνομαι (prosphaínomai) προφαίνω (prophaínō) σῠμφαίνομαι (sumphaínomai) ῠ̔περφαίνομαι (huperphaínomai) ῠ̔ποφαίνω (hupophaínō) ``` ``` Διόφαντος (Dióphantos) ἱεροφᾰ́ντης (hierophántēs) φαινομένω (phainoménō) φαινομηρῐ́ς (phainomērís) φαινόπους (phainópous) φαινοπροσωπέω (phainoprosōpéō) φαῖνοψ (phaînops) Φαίνων (Phaínōn) φᾰναῖος (phanaîos) φᾱνάπτης (phānáptēs) φᾰνή (phanḗ) φάνης (phánēs) φᾰνητιασμός (phanētiasmós) φαντάζω (phantázō) φαντασία (phantasía) φαντασιάζομαι (phantasiázomai) φαντασιόω (phantasióō) φάντασις (phántasis) φάντασμα (phántasma) φανταστός (phantastós) φάντης (phántēs) φαντῐκός (phantikós) φαντός (phantós) φάντωρ (phántōr) φᾰ́σῐς (phásis) φᾰ́σμᾰ (phásma) φρουρᾱ́ν φαίνω (phrourā́n phaínō) ``` SATURN Φαίνων Proper noun Φαίνων • (Phaínōn) m (genitive Φαίνοντος); third declension the planet Saturn (literally “the shiner”) JUPITER Φᾰέθων ``` Proper noun Φᾰέθων • (Phaéthōn) m (genitive Φᾰέθοντος); third declension one of the light-bringing steeds of Eos son of Eos and Cephalus Phaëthon (son of Helios, famous for his unlucky driving of the sun-chariot, and subject of a play by Euripides) the Sun the constellation Auriga the planet Jupiter ``` Participle φαίνων • (phaínōn) m (feminine φαίνουσᾰ, neuter φαῖνον); first/third declension shining Noun φᾰνή • (phanḗ) f (genitive φᾰνῆς); first declension torch, firebrand Synonyms: γράβιον (grábion), γρυνός (grunós), δαΐς (daḯs), δᾰ́ος (dáos), ἑλένη (helénē), λαμπάς (lampás), λοφνίς (lophnís), πανός (panós), πυρσός (pursós), φρῠκτός (phruktós) (in the plural) torch-processions ``` Verb φᾰντᾰ́ζω • (phantázō) to show; to make visible (in the mediopassive) to place before one's mind, to picture to oneself, to imagine (passive) to become visible, appear to be heard to be terrified by visions or phantasms ``` ``` Noun φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (phantasíā) f (genitive φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension look, appearance, presentation, display showy appearance, pomp, pageantry perception, impression image ``` From φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phántasis) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā) from φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “I make visible”) from φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine”). Related terms ἀφᾰντᾰσίαστος (aphantasíastos, “not manifested”) ἀφᾰντᾰσίωτος (aphantasíōtos, “unable to imagine”) ἀφᾰ́ντᾰστος (aphántastos, “without imagination”) εὐφᾰντᾰσίωτος (euphantasíōtos, “gifted with a vivid imagination”) εὐφᾰ́ντᾰστος (euphántastos, “imaginative”) ``` Noun φᾰ́ντᾰσμᾰ • (phántasma) n (genitive φᾰντᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension phantom, apparition, ghost vision, dream (in the plural) phenomena fantasy ``` Noun φάντασμα • (fántasma) n (plural φαντάσματα) ghost, fantasy, phantom, spectre (UK), specter (US) From φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “make visible”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). From φᾰντός (phantós, “visible”) +‎ -ᾰ́ζω (-ázō) verbal adjective of φαίνω (phaínō, “I cause to appear, bring to light”) ``` Adjective φανταστικός • (fantastikós) m (feminine φανταστική, neuter φανταστικό) imaginary, fantastic fictional, fictionary unreal (mathematics) imaginary, not real ``` Antonyms πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “real”) ``` Adverb φανταστικά • (fantastiká) fantastically Related terms φανταστικός (fantastikós, “fantastic”, adjective) ``` Verb φαντάζω • (fantázo) (past φάνταξα, passive φαντάζομαι) (the passive, with different sense) (informal): give the impression. +accusative or + σαν (san, “like”) seems, look like Μπροστά σ' αυτό, όλα φαντάζουν ασήμαντα. Brostá s' aftó, óla fantázoun asímanta. Compared to that, everything seems trivial. I make a sensation as, stand out Όταν μπήκε στην αίθουσα, φάνταζε σαν σταρ του κινηματογράφου με τη χρυσή τουαλέτα της. Ótan bíke stin aíthousa, fántaze san star tou kinimatográfou me ti chrysí toualéta tis. When she entered the room, she looked like a movie star in her gold gown. (informal, intransitive) impressed by Μου φάνταξε το κόκκινο φουστάνι, και το αγόρασα. Mou fántaxe to kókkino foustáni, kai to agórasa. The red dress caught my eye, and I bought it (passive with different sense) see → φαντάζομαι (fantázomai, “imagine”) φάντης n (fántis, “(card games): jack”) φάντης μπαστούνι m (fántis bastoúni, “jack of spades, unexpected visitor”) From Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “make visible”). Passive voice, from the ancient middle voice φᾰντᾰ́ζομαι (phantázomai, “imagine”). Noun ἱεροφᾰ́ντης • (hierophántēs) m (genitive ἱεροφᾰ́ντου); first declension hierophant, one who teaches rites of sacrifice and worship (at Rome) pontifex, high priest hierophant, a mystical expounder From ἱερός (“holy”) +‎ φαίνω (“show”) +‎ -της (masculine agent-noun) Noun hierophant (plural hierophants) An ancient Greek priest who interpreted sacred mysteries, especially the priest of the Eleusinian mysteries. An interpreter of sacred mysteries or arcane knowledge. One who explains or makes a commentary. Noun φάσμα • (phásma) n (genitive φάσματος); third declension Apparition, phantom. φάσμα ἀνθρώπου ― phásma anthrṓpou ― spectral appearance of a man Appearance, phenomenon. (shows, mysteries) Images or types of realities. Sign from heaven, portent, omen. Monster, prodigy. φάσμα ταύρου ― phásma taúrou ― a monster of a bull From φαίνω (“to bring to light, to cause to appear”) +‎ -μα (nominal suffix) Noun φᾰ́σῐς • (phásis) f (genitive φᾰ́σεως); third declension appearance Noun φᾰ́σῐς • (phásis) f (genitive φᾰ́σεως); third declension utterance, statement, expression

Answer 621

DARKNESS OF MIND σκότος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine; Noun, Neuter Transliteration: skotos Phonetic Spelling: (skot'-os) Definition: darkness Usage: darkness, either physical or moral. metaphorically, of ignorance respecting divine things and human duties, and the accompanying ungodliness and immorality, together with their consequent misery (see σκοτία): ``` σκιά, ᾶς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: skia Phonetic Spelling: (skee'-ah) Definition: shadow Usage: a shadow, shade, thick darkness, an outline. HELPS Word-studies 4639 skiá – properly, the shadow of a looming presence; (figuratively) a spiritual reality (good or bad) relating to God's light or spiritual darkness. ``` ``` σκότος • (skótos) n (genitive σκότους); third declension darkness, gloom the darkness of death the darkness of the netherworld the darkness of the womb blindness (figuratively) obscurity (of a person) the mystery, ignorance, deceit the dark part or shadow in a picture ``` Antonyms (darkness): φᾰ́ος (light) ἡμέρᾱ (daytime) ``` σκοτία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: skotia Phonetic Spelling: (skot-ee'-ah) Definition: darkness Usage: darkness; fig: spiritual darkness. ``` Cognate: 4653 skotía (a feminine noun) – darkness, a brand of moral, spiritual obscurity (i.e. which blocks the light of God when faith is lacking). See also 4655 /skótos ("darkness"). ``` Adjective σκοτεινός • (skoteinós) m (feminine σκοτεινή, neuter σκοτεινόν); first/second declension dark, obscure, dim Synonym: ὀρφνός (orphnós) (figuratively) dark, obscure, secret ``` ``` Adjective σκοτεινός • (skoteinós) m (feminine σκοτεινή, neuter σκοτεινό) dark, mysterious, shady dim (figuratively) untrustworthy, shady ``` ``` Cognates: Old English sceadu (English shadow) Noun sċeadu f shadow shade ``` Noun σκοτάδι • (skotádi) n (plural σκοτάδια) darkness, dark μισοσκόταδο n (misoskótado, “half-light”) Adjective σκούρο • (skoúro) Accusative singular masculine form of σκούρος (skoúros). Nominative, accusative and vocative singular neuter form of σκούρος (skoúros). ——————————————————— ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 10:27 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ εἴπατε ἐν NAS: I tell you in the darkness, speak KJV: you in darkness, [that] speak ye in INT: in the darkness speak in Luke 12:3 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ εἴπατε ἐν NAS: you have said in the dark will be heard KJV: in darkness shall be heard INT: in the darkness you said in ``` John 1:5 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει καὶ NAS: shines in the darkness, and the darkness KJV: shineth in darkness; and the darkness INT: in the darkness shines and ``` John 1:5 N-NFS GRK: καὶ ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ NAS: in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend KJV: and the darkness comprehended INT: and the darkness it not ``` ``` John 6:17 N-NFS GRK: Καφαρναούμ καὶ σκοτία ἤδη ἐγεγόνει NAS: become dark, and Jesus KJV: it was now dark, and Jesus INT: Capernaum And dark already it had become ``` ``` John 8:12 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἀλλ' ἕξει NAS: Me will not walk in the darkness, but will have KJV: walk in darkness, but shall have INT: in the darkness but will have ``` ``` John 12:35 N-NFS GRK: ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ NAS: so that darkness will not overtake KJV: lest darkness come upon INT: that not darkness you might overtake ``` ``` John 12:35 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ οὐκ οἶδεν NAS: you; he who walks in the darkness does not know KJV: in darkness knoweth INT: in the darkness not knows ``` ``` John 12:46 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ μὴ μείνῃ NAS: in Me will not remain in darkness. KJV: abide in darkness. INT: in the darkness not might abide ``` ``` John 20:1 N-GFS GRK: ἔρχεται πρωὶ σκοτίας ἔτι οὔσης NAS: while it was still dark, and saw KJV: yet dark, unto INT: comes early dark still it being ``` ``` 1 John 1:5 N-NFS GRK: ἐστὶν καὶ σκοτία οὐκ ἔστιν NAS: and in Him there is no darkness at all. KJV: is no darkness at all. INT: is and darkness not is ``` 1 John 2:8 N-NFS GRK: ὅτι ἡ σκοτία παράγεται καὶ NAS: in Him and in you, because the darkness is passing away KJV: you: because the darkness is past, and INT: because the darkness is passing away and ``` 1 John 2:9 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἐστὶν ἕως NAS: his brother is in the darkness until KJV: is in darkness even until now. INT: in the darkness is until ``` ``` 1 John 2:11 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἐστὶν καὶ NAS: his brother is in the darkness and walks KJV: is in darkness, and walketh INT: in the darkness is and ``` ``` 1 John 2:11 N-DFS GRK: ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ περιπατεῖ καὶ NAS: and walks in the darkness, and does not know KJV: walketh in darkness, and knoweth INT: in the darkness walks and ``` ``` 1 John 2:11 N-NFS GRK: ὅτι ἡ σκοτία ἐτύφλωσεν τοὺς NAS: because the darkness has blinded KJV: because that darkness hath blinded INT: because the darkness blinded the ``` —————————————————————— ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 4:16 N-DNS GRK: καθήμενος ἐν σκότει φῶς εἶδεν INT: were sitting in darkness a light have seen Matthew 6:23 N-NNS GRK: ἐν σοὶ σκότος ἐστίν τὸ NAS: the light that is in you is darkness, how great KJV: thee be darkness, how great INT: in you darkness is that ``` ``` Matthew 6:23 N-NNS GRK: ἐστίν τὸ σκότος πόσον NAS: how great is the darkness! KJV: how great [is] that darkness! INT: is that darkness how great ``` ``` Matthew 8:12 N-ANS GRK: εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον NAS: out into the outer darkness; in that place there KJV: into outer darkness: there shall be INT: into the darkness the outer ``` ``` Matthew 22:13 N-ANS GRK: εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον NAS: him into the outer darkness; in that place there KJV: outer darkness; there INT: into the darkness outer ``` ``` Matthew 25:30 N-ANS GRK: εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον NAS: into the outer darkness; in that place there KJV: into outer darkness: there shall be INT: into the darkness outer ``` ``` Matthew 27:45 N-NNS GRK: ἕκτης ὥρας σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ NAS: hour darkness fell KJV: hour there was darkness over all INT: sixth [the] hour darkness was over ``` ``` Mark 15:33 N-NNS GRK: ὥρας ἕκτης σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ' NAS: hour came, darkness fell over KJV: there was darkness over INT: [the] hour sixth darkness came over ``` ``` Luke 1:79 N-DNS GRK: τοῖς ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ NAS: WHO SIT IN DARKNESS AND THE SHADOW KJV: in darkness and INT: those in darkness and in [the] shadow ``` ``` Luke 11:35 N-NNS GRK: ἐν σοὶ σκότος ἐστίν NAS: out that the light in you is not darkness. KJV: be not darkness. INT: in you darkness is ``` ``` Luke 22:53 N-GNS GRK: ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους NAS: and the power of darkness are yours. KJV: and the power of darkness. INT: power of the darkness ``` ``` Luke 23:44 N-NNS GRK: ἕκτη καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ' NAS: the sixth hour, and darkness fell over KJV: and there was a darkness over all INT: sixth and darkness came over ``` ``` John 3:19 N-ANS GRK: μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ NAS: and men loved the darkness rather than KJV: men loved darkness rather than INT: rather the darkness than the ``` Acts 2:20 N-ANS GRK: μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος καὶ ἡ NAS: WILL BE TURNED INTO DARKNESS AND THE MOON KJV: into darkness, and INT: will be turned into darkness and the ``` Acts 13:11 N-NNS GRK: ἀχλὺς καὶ σκότος καὶ περιάγων NAS: a mist and a darkness fell KJV: and a darkness; and INT: a mist and darkness and going about ``` Acts 26:18 N-GNS GRK: ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς NAS: so that they may turn from darkness to light KJV: [them] from darkness to INT: [they] may turn from darkness to light Romans 2:19 N-DNS GRK: τῶν ἐν σκότει NAS: a light to those who are in darkness, KJV: a light of them which are in darkness, INT: of those in darkness ``` Romans 13:12 N-GNS GRK: ἔργα τοῦ σκότους ἐνδυσώμεθα δὲ NAS: the deeds of darkness and put KJV: the works of darkness, and INT: works of darkness should put on moreover ``` 1 Corinthians 4:5 N-GNS GRK: κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους καὶ φανερώσει NAS: the things hidden in the darkness and disclose KJV: the hidden things of darkness, and INT: hidden things of darkness and will make manifest 2 Corinthians 4:6 N-GNS GRK: εἰπών Ἐκ σκότους φῶς λάμψει NAS: shall shine out of darkness, is the One who KJV: to shine out of darkness, hath shined INT: having spoken out of darkness light to shine ``` 2 Corinthians 6:14 N-ANS GRK: φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος NAS: fellowship has light with darkness? KJV: hath light with darkness? INT: light with darkness ``` ``` Ephesians 5:8 N-NNS GRK: γάρ ποτε σκότος νῦν δὲ NAS: for you were formerly darkness, but now KJV: ye were sometimes darkness, but now INT: indeed once darkness now however ``` ``` Ephesians 5:11 N-GNS GRK: ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους μᾶλλον δὲ NAS: deeds of darkness, but instead KJV: works of darkness, but INT: unfruitful of darkness instead moreover ``` Ephesians 6:12 N-GNS GRK: κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τούτου πρὸς NAS: of this darkness, against KJV: the rulers of the darkness of this INT: world's rulers of the darkness this against Colossians 1:13 N-GNS GRK: ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους καὶ μετέστησεν NAS: us from the domain of darkness, and transferred KJV: the power of darkness, and INT: dominion of darkness and transferred [us] ———————————————————— ``` σκότους (skotous) — 12 Occurrences Luke 22:53 N-GNS GRK: ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους NAS: and the power of darkness are yours. KJV: and the power of darkness. INT: power of the darkness ``` Acts 26:18 N-GNS GRK: ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς φῶς NAS: so that they may turn from darkness to light KJV: [them] from darkness to INT: [they] may turn from darkness to light ``` Romans 13:12 N-GNS GRK: ἔργα τοῦ σκότους ἐνδυσώμεθα δὲ NAS: the deeds of darkness and put KJV: the works of darkness, and INT: works of darkness should put on moreover ``` 1 Corinthians 4:5 N-GNS GRK: κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους καὶ φανερώσει NAS: the things hidden in the darkness and disclose KJV: the hidden things of darkness, and INT: hidden things of darkness and will make manifest 2 Corinthians 4:6 N-GNS GRK: εἰπών Ἐκ σκότους φῶς λάμψει NAS: shall shine out of darkness, is the One who KJV: to shine out of darkness, hath shined INT: having spoken out of darkness light to shine ``` Ephesians 5:11 N-GNS GRK: ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους μᾶλλον δὲ NAS: deeds of darkness, but instead KJV: works of darkness, but INT: unfruitful of darkness instead moreover ``` Ephesians 6:12 N-GNS GRK: κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τούτου πρὸς NAS: of this darkness, against KJV: the rulers of the darkness of this INT: world's rulers of the darkness this against Colossians 1:13 N-GNS GRK: ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους καὶ μετέστησεν NAS: us from the domain of darkness, and transferred KJV: the power of darkness, and INT: dominion of darkness and transferred [us] ``` 1 Thessalonians 5:5 N-GNS GRK: νυκτὸς οὐδὲ σκότους NAS: We are not of night nor of darkness; KJV: of the night, nor of darkness. INT: of night nor of darkness ``` 1 Peter 2:9 N-GNS GRK: τοῦ ἐκ σκότους ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος NAS: of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous KJV: you out of darkness into his INT: of the [one] out of darkness you having called ``` 2 Peter 2:17 N-GNS GRK: ζόφος τοῦ σκότους τετήρηται NAS: the black darkness has been reserved. KJV: the mist of darkness is reserved INT: gloom of darkness is kept ``` ``` Jude 1:13 N-GNS GRK: ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα NAS: the black darkness has been reserved KJV: the blackness of darkness for INT: gloom of darkness to age ```

Answer 622

WARN - ADVISE - ADMONISH - COUNCIL Verb νουθετέω • (nouthetéō) I admonish, warn, counsel, exhort From Ancient Greek νουθεσία (warm, advise, council) from Ancient Greek νοῦς (mind) and Ancient Greek τίθημι (put, -lace). Noun νουθεσῐ́ᾱ • (nouthesíā) f (genitive νουθεσῐ́ᾱς); ? declension a warning, admonition, counsel. From νουθετέω (nouthetéō) +‎ -ία (-abstract noun). θείς (Ancient Greek) Verb Inflection of τίθημι (aori active part) Derived terms ᾰ̓γωνοθετέω (agōnothetéō) ``` ᾰ̓́θετος (áthetos) ᾱ̓θλοθετέω (āthlothetéō) ἀκμοθέτης (akmothétēs) ᾰ̓μφῐτῐ́θημῐ (amphitíthēmi) ᾰ̓νᾰτῐ́θημῐ (anatíthēmi) ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (antitíthēmi) ᾰ̓οιδοθέτης (aoidothétēs) ᾰ̓ποτῐ́θημῐ (apotíthēmi) ᾰ̔ρμᾰτοθεσῐ́ᾱ (harmatothesíā) ᾰ̓στρόθετος (astróthetos) αὐλοθετέω (aulothetéō) αὐτόθετος (autóthetos) δεινοθέτης (deinothétēs) διᾰγωνοθετέω (diagōnothetéō) δῐᾰτῐ́θημῐ (diatíthēmi) δῐκαιοθέτης (dikaiothétēs) δῠ́σθετος (dústhetos) ἐγχειρῐ́θετος (enkheiríthetos) εἰστῐ́θημῐ (eistíthēmi) ἐκτῐ́θημῐ (ektíthēmi) ἐλαιοθετέω (elaiothetéō) ἐντῐ́θημῐ (entíthēmi) ἐπεντίθημι (epentíthēmi) ἐπῐτῐ́θημῐ (epitíthēmi) εὔθετος (eúthetos) ζωοθετέω (zōothetéō) θεσμοθετέω (thesmothetéō) θημωνοθετέω (thēmōnothetéō) θῠγᾰτροθετέω (thugatrothetéō) ῐ̔εροθετέω (hierothetéō) κᾰτᾰτῐ́θημῐ (katatíthēmi) κεντροθεσῐ́ᾱ (kentrothesíā) κρεοθέτης (kreothétēs) λῐθοθεσῐ́ᾱ (lithothesíā) λογοθετέω (logothetéō) μελοθεσῐ́ᾱ (melothesíā) μετᾰτῐ́θημῐ (metatíthēmi) μοιροθεσῐ́ᾱ (moirothesíā) νομοθετέω (nomothetéō) νουθετέω (nouthetéō) οἰκόθετος (oikóthetos) οἰωνοθέτης (oiōnothétēs) ὀνομᾰτοθετέω (onomatothetéō) ὀργᾰνοθετέω (organothetéō) ὁρῐοθετέω (horiothetéō) ὁροθετέω (horothetéō) οὐρᾰνοθεσῐ́ᾱ (ouranothesíā) πᾰλαίθετος (palaíthetos) πᾰρᾰτῐ́θημῐ (paratíthēmi) πᾰρεμβολοθέτης (parembolothétēs) πεντάθετος (pentáthetos) περιτῐ́θημῐ (peritíthēmi) προστῐ́θημῐ (prostíthēmi) προτῐ́θημῐ (protíthēmi) σημόθετος (sēmóthetos) στηριγμοθέτης (stērigmothétēs) συμψηφοθετέω (sumpsēphothetéō) συνεπιτίθημι (sunepitíthēmi) συντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) σφαιροθεσῐ́ᾱ (sphairothesíā) τοποθετέω (topothetéō) τρῐ́θετος (tríthetos) υἱόθετος (huióthetos) ῠ̔μνοθέτης (humnothétēs) ῠ̔περτῐ́θημῐ (hupertíthēmi) ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (hupotíthēmi) χειροθεσῐ́ᾱ (kheirothesíā) χωροθεσῐ́ᾱ (khōrothesíā) ψηφοθέτης (psēphothétēs) ὠμοθετέω (ōmothetéō) ὡροθετέω (hōrothetéō) ᾠοθεσῐ́ᾱ (ōiothesíā) ``` ``` Related terms ἔθω (éthō) θέμᾰ (théma) θέμεθλᾰ (thémethla) θεμέλῐος (themélios) θέμις (thémis) θεός (theós) θέσῐς (thésis) θέσμῐον (thésmion) θέσμῐος (thésmios) Θέσμῐος (Thésmios) θεσμός (thesmós) θετέος (thetéos) θετήρ (thetḗr) θέτης (thétēs) θετῐκός (thetikós) θετός (thetós) θήκη (thḗkē) θῆμᾰ (thêma) θημών (thēmṓn) θής (thḗs) Θησεύς (Thēseús) ``` Noun θέμᾰ • (théma) n (genitive θέμᾰτος); third declension That which is placed or laid down. Money deposited; (of grain) deposit; treasure. (of loaves) Pile. Coffer. Synonym: θήκη (thḗkē) (of land) Position, situation. (astrology) Nativity, horoscope. Common burial place or common land; private burial ground. Something proposed as a prize. Case proposed for discussion, theme of an argument. Proposition, premiss. (law) Case. Arbitrary determination. (grammar) Primary (nonderivative) element or form. (logic, Stoic) Mode of reduction of an irregular syllogism. Noun θέμεθλᾰ • (thémethla) n pl (genitive θεμέθλων); second declension foundations, lowest part, roots From τίθημι (títhēmi, “to stand”). Adjective θεμέλῐος • (themélios) m or f (neuter θεμέλῐον); second declension belonging to the foundation (as a masculine or neuter substantive, sc. λίθος (líthos)) foundation-stone, foundation, basis From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-eló-, from *dʰeh₁- (“to put”). λῐ́θος • (líthos) m (genitive λῐ́θου); second declension a stone stone as a substance λίθος • (líthos) m (plural λίθοι) stone (building material) θεμέλιος λίθος ― themélios líthos ― foundation stone (medicine) stone, calculus (archaeology) stone Εποχή του Λίθου ― Epochí tou Líthou ― Stone Age ``` Synonym Noun πέτρα • (pétra) f (plural πέτρες) rock, stone (mass or fragments) (figuratively) rock (something hard and stable) (nautical) rock (rocky hazard) ``` Noun πέτρος • (pétros) m or f (genitive πέτρου); second declension rock, stone, boulder type of reed Related to πέτρα (pétra, “rock formation”). Noun πέτρη • (pétrē) f (genitive πέτρης); first declension Epic and Ionic form of πέτρᾱ (pétrā, “rock, stone”) πέτρῐνος • (pétrinos) m (feminine πετρῐ́νη, neuter πέτρῐνον); first/second declension rocky, made of stone Synonym: λάϊνος (láïnos) changed into rock Noun ακρογωνιαίος λίθος • (akrogoniaíos líthos) m (plural ακρογωνιαίοι λίθοι) (architecture) cornerstone, quoin (figuratively) mainstay, something fundamental Η αγάπη είναι ο ακρογωνιαίος λίθος της οικογένειας. I agápi eínai o akrogoniaíos líthos tis oikogéneias. Love is the cornerstone of the family Adjective ακρογωνιαίος • (akrogoniaíos) m (feminine ακρογωνιαία, neuter ακρογωνιαίο) (figuratively) fundamental found chiefly in the masculine gender in the phrase: ακρογωνιαίος λίθος (akrogoniaíos líthos, “cornerstone, quoin”) (literally) referring to a cornerstone From: ακρο- (akro-, “edge, tip”) +‎ γωνιαίος (goniaíos, “angle related”) άκρο n (ákro, “edge, limit”) γωνία f (gonía, “corner, angle”) λιθόσφαιρα f (lithósfaira, “lithosphere”) λιθογραφία f (lithografía, “lithograph, lithography”) λιθόστρωτο n (lithóstroto, “cobblestone”) Noun θέμῐς • (thémis) f (genitive θέμιστος or θέμῐδος or θέμῐτος or θέμῐος); third declension old, established law or custom divinely ordained justice Proper noun Θέμῐς • (Thémis) f (genitive Θέμῐδος); third declension (Greek mythology) Themis Themis (Greek mythology) A Titan, the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She was the daughter of Gaia and Uranus. (astronomy) 24 Themis, a main belt asteroid. Noun θεσμός • (thesmós) m (plural θεσμοί) institution (society custom or practice) Ο γάμος αποτελεί θεσμό που επινόησαν οι κοινωνίες. O gámos apoteleí thesmó pou epinóisan oi koinoníes. Marriage is an institution invented by society. θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s. Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʿ, “pagan gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”). Verb ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō) I deify From ἀπο- (away, out-) +‎ θεός (“god, deity”) +‎ -όω (factitive verb) ἀποθέωσῐς • (apothéōsis) f (genitive ἀποθεώσεως); third declension apotheosis, deification From ἀποθεόω (“deify”) +‎ -σῐς (abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process). Noun ἀποκολοκύντωσις • (apokolokúntōsis) f (genitive ἀποκολοκυντώσεως); third declension (nonce word) pumpkinification (act of turning into a pumpkin, in jocular contrast with deification) Noun apocolocyntōsis f (genitive apocolocyntōsis); third declension (nonce word) pumpkinification, literally gourdification A satire on the apotheosis of Claudius. From Ancient Greek ἀποκολοκύντωσις (apokolokúntōsis) from κολοκυνθίς (“gourd”) by analogy with ἀποθέωσις (deify). pumpkinification (uncountable) The act of turning into a pumpkin; usually in jocular opposition to deification. From the title of the work Apocolocyntosis (divi) Claudii, a satire on the deification of Claudius. Noun θεογονῐ́ᾱ • (theogoníā) f (genitive θεογονῐ́ᾱς); first declension genealogy of the gods theogony, origination or birth of gods Phrygian Noun δεως (deōs) (dative plural) to the gods ``` Noun θέτης • (thétēs) m (genitive θέτου); first declension one who places mortgagor adoptive father of a child ``` From the root of τίθημι (“to set, place”) +‎ -της (masculine agentive suffix). ``` Adjective θετῐκός • (thetikós) m (feminine θετῐκή, neuter θετῐκόν); first/second declension fit for placing, apposite concerning adoption belonging to a thesis, disputable positive, affirmative (grammar) positive (neuter substantive) the positive degree expressing obligation, of verbals ending in -τέον (-téon) ``` From θέσῐς (thésis) +‎ -τῐκός (-ic), from τίθημι (“I place”) ``` Adjective θετικός • (thetikós) m (feminine θετική, neuter θετικό) reliable positive, pragmatic assertive (grammar) positive ``` Derived terms θετικότητα f (thetikótita, “definiteness, reliability”) ψευδώς θετικό (psevdós thetikó) See also[edit] υπερθετικός (yperthetikós, “superlative”) συγκριτικός (sygkritikós, “comparative”) Verb ἀνᾰτίθημῐ • (anatíthēmi) to lay (a burden etc.) upon to refer, attribute, ascribe (something to someone) to dedicate (as a votive gift) to set up and leave in a place to put back, remove (in middle) to put upon for oneself (in middle) to impart, declare, communicate (in middle) to place differently, change around ᾰ̓νᾰ́θεμᾰ • (anáthema) n (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰθέμᾰτος); third declension anything dedicated anything devoted to evil, an accursed thing curse From ἀνατίθημι (anatíthēmi, “to dedicate”) and the suffix -μα (-ma). Verb ἐντίθημι • (entíthēmi) I put in, implant, insert Verb ἐπεντίθημῐ • (epentíthēmi) I insert (a letter) I put in besides, in addition to From ἐπι- (epi-) +‎ ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “to put in”), from ἐν- (en-, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”). Noun ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension (grammar) Insertion of a letter From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (epentíthēmi, “I insert”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis, verbal noun suffix). Adjective ἐπενθετῐκός • (epenthetikós) m (feminine ἐπενθετῐκή, neuter ἐπενθετῐκόν); first/second declension inserted From ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis, “insertion”) +‎ -ικός (-ikós). Adjective θετός • (thetós) m (feminine θετή, neuter θετόν); first/second declension placed, put, settled adopted; adoptive Adjective ᾰ̓ντῐ́θετος • (antíthetos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓ντῐ́θετον); second declension opposing, contrasting Noun ᾰ̓ντῐ́θετον • (antítheton) n (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐθέτου); second declension (rhetoric) antithet Etymology 1 Substantivization of the neuter form of ᾰ̓ντῐ́θετος (“opposing”, “contrasting”). ``` Noun θήκη • (thḗkē) f (genitive θήκης); first declension box, chest grave, tomb sword sheath ``` Noun θήκη • (thíki) f (plural θήκες) case, sheath, holster (close fitting cover or container for something) θηκάρι n (thikári, “sheath”) SUFFIX -θήκη • (-thḗkē) f (genitive -θήκης); first declension Deverbal suffix from τίθημι (títhēmi), typically indicating a space in which things are put or stored. Suffix -θήκη • (-thíki) f added to words in order to indicate: storage, care of, exhibition Noun θημών • (thēmṓn) m (genitive θημῶνος); third declension heap Synonyms: θωμός (thōmós), κόρθυς (kórthus), σωρός (sōrós) ``` Noun θής • (thḗs) m (genitive θητός); third declension serf bondsman (later) hired laborer From τῐ́θημῐ (“I place”). ``` ``` Verb ἐπῐτῐ́θημῐ • (epitíthēmi) (active) to lay, put or place upon to set upon, turn towards to put on a covering or lid to put to, add, grant, or give besides (of time) to add, bring on to put on as a finish to impose or inflict a penalty to dispatch a letter to give a name (middle) to put on oneself or for oneself to put on or to to set oneself to, apply oneself, employ oneself in to make an attempt upon, attack (absolute) to bring on oneself to lay commands on to give a name ``` ``` Adjective ἐπίθετος • (epíthetos) m or f (neuter ἐπίθετον); second declension additional, added-on fictitious (grammar) adjectival ``` ``` Verb θέτω • (théto) (past έθεσα, passive τίθεμαι) put set place, position ``` Verb κᾰτᾰτίθημι • (katatíthēmi) to put down, set down, lay down ``` Verb πᾰρᾰτίθημῐ • (paratíthēmi) to place or set by or before to serve (food and drink) to provide, give (in middle) to put up as a stake; to wager, risk, stake ``` ``` Verb προστίθημῐ • (prostíthēmi) to put in front of to hand over, deliver to grant, bestow to impose to attribute, impute to add, increase to join (Koine) to do again (Koine, in the negative) not do anymore (in middle) to agree with/to (in middle) to associate with (in middle) to gain (in middle) to bring upon ``` σῠνεπῐτίθημῐ • (sunepitíthēmi) to help in putting on (in middle) to join in attacking or undertaking Verb συντίθημῐ • (suntíthēmi) to assemble, put together Noun σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis (mathematics) addition agreement, treaty collection Noun σύνθεση • (sýnthesi) f (plural συνθέσεις) composition (the formation of the complex by combination of simpler) (chemistry) synthesis (especially by condensation) (music) composition, musical work (linguistics) compounding (the formation of long word by combination of shorter ones) σύνθετος (sýnthetos, “composite”, adjective) συνθέτης m (synthétis, “composer of music”) Noun σῠνθήκη • (sunthḗkē) f (genitive σῠνθήκης); first declension a compounding, especially of words and sentences convention, compact article of a compact or treaty coffin Noun συνθήκη • (synthíki) f (plural συνθήκες) (law) treaty συμφωνία f (symfonía, “agreement, symphony”) From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi, “to place or put together”). Proper noun Θησεύς • (Thēseús) m (genitive Θησέως); third declension (Greek mythology) Theseus Theseus A legendary Ancient Greek hero most famous for defeating the minotaur in the labyrinth of Crete. From Ancient Greek Θησεύς (Thēseús). His name comes from the same root as θεσμός (thesmós), Greek for “institution”. ``` Noun θεσμός • (thesmós) m (genitive θεσμοῦ); second declension that which is laid down, law, ordinance (in general) rule, precept, rite institution, tribunal site, place ``` Noun θεσμός • (thesmós) m (plural θεσμοί) institution (society custom or practice) Ο γάμος αποτελεί θεσμό που επινόησαν οι κοινωνίες. O gámos apoteleí thesmó pou epinóisan oi koinoníes. Marriage is an institution invented by society. Antonym Noun ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure Adjective ἀνᾰλῠτῐκός • (analutikós) m (feminine ἀνᾰλῠτῐκή, neuter ἀνᾰλῠτῐκόν); first/second declension analytical dissolvent Noun ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις) analysis, interpretation (linguistics) parsing Derived terms σε τελική ανάλυση (se telikí análysi, “in the final analysis”) Related terms αναλυτικά (analytiká, “analytically”) αναλυτικός (analytikós, “analytical”) αναλύομαι (analýomai, “to be analysed”) ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”) and see: αναλύω (analýo, “to analyse, to analyze”) —————————————————- Derived terms αδιαθετώ (adiathetó, “to be unwell”) αθετώ (athetó, “to break your word, to renege”) αθλοθετώ (athlothetó, “to sponsor a prize”) αναθέτω (anathéto, “to assign duties to someone”) ανασυνθετώ (anasynthetó, “to recompose”) ανατοποθετώ (anatopothetó, “to restore”) αντιθέτω (antithéto, “to oppose”) αντιμεταθέτω (antimetathéto, “to transpose”) αντιπαραθέτω (antiparathéto, “to confront, to compare”) αποθέτω (apothéto, “to put down”) αποσυνθέτω (aposynthéto, “to dissociate, to decompose”) αρχειοθετώ (archeiothetó, “to archive”) βαθμοθετώ (vathmothetó, “to mark (something) with degrees”) διαθέτω (diathéto, “to have, to bequeath”) διευθετώ (diefthetó, “to arrange, to adjust”) εκθέτω (ekthéto, “to display, to expose”) εναποθέτω (enapothéto, “to lay down, to put”) ενθέτω (enthéto, “to insert”) επανατοποθετώ (epanatopothetó, “to put down again”) επιθέτω (epithéto, “to put something on something else”) θεσμοθετώ (thesmothetó, “to legislate, to institutionalize”) καταθέτω (katathéto, “to hand in, to deposit”) μεταθέτω (metathéto, “to transfer”) ναρκοθετώ (narkothetó, “to mine”) νομοθετώ (nomothetó, “to legislate”) νουθετώ (nouthetó, “to advise”) ονοματοθετώ (onomatothetó, “to name”) οριοθετώ (oriothetó, “to delimit”) οροθετώ (orothetó, “to delimit”) παραθέτω (parathéto, “to juxtapose, to present, to offer”) παρακαταθέτω (parakatathéto, “to consign”) παρενθέτω (parenthéto, “to insert”) προδιαθέτω (prodiathéto, “to predispose”) προσθέτω (prosthéto, “to add”) προϋποθέτω (proÿpothéto, “to presuppose”) σκηνοθετώ (skinothetó, “to stage”) στοιχειοθετώ (stoicheiothetó, “to compose, to constitute”) συνθέτω (synthéto, “to compose, to summarize”) ταξιθετώ (taxithetó, “to classify, to file”) τοποθετώ (topothetó, “to position, to place”) υιοθετώ (yiothetó, “to adopt”) υποθέτω (ypothéto, “to presume, to suppose”) ψηφοθετώ (psifothetó, “to create a mosaic”) ——————————————————- ``` ᾰ̓γωνοθετέω (agōnothetéō) ᾰ̓́θετος (áthetos) ᾱ̓θλοθετέω (āthlothetéō) ἀκμοθέτης (akmothétēs) ᾰ̓μφῐτῐ́θημῐ (amphitíthēmi) ᾰ̓νᾰτῐ́θημῐ (anatíthēmi) ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (antitíthēmi) ᾰ̓οιδοθέτης (aoidothétēs) ᾰ̓ποτῐ́θημῐ (apotíthēmi) ᾰ̔ρμᾰτοθεσῐ́ᾱ (harmatothesíā) ᾰ̓στρόθετος (astróthetos) αὐλοθετέω (aulothetéō) αὐτόθετος (autóthetos) δεινοθέτης (deinothétēs) διᾰγωνοθετέω (diagōnothetéō) δῐᾰτῐ́θημῐ (diatíthēmi) δῐκαιοθέτης (dikaiothétēs) δῠ́σθετος (dústhetos) ἐγχειρῐ́θετος (enkheiríthetos) εἰστῐ́θημῐ (eistíthēmi) ἐκτῐ́θημῐ (ektíthēmi) ἐλαιοθετέω (elaiothetéō) ἐντῐ́θημῐ (entíthēmi) ἐπεντίθημι (epentíthēmi) ἐπῐτῐ́θημῐ (epitíthēmi) εὔθετος (eúthetos) ζωοθετέω (zōothetéō) θεσμοθετέω (thesmothetéō) θημωνοθετέω (thēmōnothetéō) θῠγᾰτροθετέω (thugatrothetéō) ῐ̔εροθετέω (hierothetéō) κᾰτᾰτῐ́θημῐ (katatíthēmi) κεντροθεσῐ́ᾱ (kentrothesíā) κρεοθέτης (kreothétēs) λῐθοθεσῐ́ᾱ (lithothesíā) λογοθετέω (logothetéō) μελοθεσῐ́ᾱ (melothesíā) μετᾰτῐ́θημῐ (metatíthēmi) μοιροθεσῐ́ᾱ (moirothesíā) νομοθετέω (nomothetéō) νουθετέω (nouthetéō) οἰκόθετος (oikóthetos) οἰωνοθέτης (oiōnothétēs) ὀνομᾰτοθετέω (onomatothetéō) ὀργᾰνοθετέω (organothetéō) ὁρῐοθετέω (horiothetéō) ὁροθετέω (horothetéō) οὐρᾰνοθεσῐ́ᾱ (ouranothesíā) πᾰλαίθετος (palaíthetos) πᾰρᾰτῐ́θημῐ (paratíthēmi) πᾰρεμβολοθέτης (parembolothétēs) πεντάθετος (pentáthetos) περιτῐ́θημῐ (peritíthēmi) προστῐ́θημῐ (prostíthēmi) προτῐ́θημῐ (protíthēmi) σημόθετος (sēmóthetos) στηριγμοθέτης (stērigmothétēs) συμψηφοθετέω (sumpsēphothetéō) συνεπιτίθημι (sunepitíthēmi) συντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) σφαιροθεσῐ́ᾱ (sphairothesíā) τοποθετέω (topothetéō) τρῐ́θετος (tríthetos) υἱόθετος (huióthetos) ῠ̔μνοθέτης (humnothétēs) ῠ̔περτῐ́θημῐ (hupertíthēmi) ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (hupotíthēmi) χειροθεσῐ́ᾱ (kheirothesíā) χωροθεσῐ́ᾱ (khōrothesíā) ψηφοθέτης (psēphothétēs) ὠμοθετέω (ōmothetéō) ὡροθετέω (hōrothetéō) ᾠοθεσῐ́ᾱ (ōiothesíā) ``` ``` —————————————————— Derived terms ἄθεος (átheos) ἀθεότης (atheótēs) ἀντίθεος (antítheos) ἀποθεόω (apotheóō) δύσθεος (dústheos) Δωροθέᾱ (Dōrothéā) Δωρόθεος (Dōrótheos) ἐκθεόω (ektheóō) ἐνθεόομαι (entheóomai) ἔνθεος (éntheos) ζάθεος (zátheos) ἠγάθεος (ēgátheos) ἡμίθεος (hēmítheos) θεᾱ́ (theā́) Θεαίτητος (Theaítētos) θεοβλάβειᾰ (theoblábeia) θεοβλαβέω (theoblabéō) θεοβλαβής (theoblabḗs) θεογεννής (theogennḗs) θεογνωσίᾱ (theognōsíā) θεογονίᾱ (theogoníā) θεόγονος (theógonos) θεοδέγμων (theodégmōn) θεοδίδᾰκτος (theodídaktos) θεόδμητος (theódmētos) θεοδοσίᾱ (theodosíā) Θεόδοτος (Theódotos) θεόδοτος (theódotos) Θεόδουλος (Theódoulos) Θεοδώρα (Theodṓra) Θεόδωρος (Theódōros) θεοειδής (theoeidḗs) θεοείκελος (theoeíkelos) θεοεχθρίᾱ (theoekhthríā) θεοίνιᾰ (theoínia) θεοισεχθρίᾱ (theoisekhthríā) θεοκλυτέω (theoklutéō) θεοκλύτησις (theoklútēsis) θεόκλυτος (theóklutos) θεόκρᾰντος (theókrantos) θεοκρᾰτίᾱ (theokratíā) θεόκριτος (theókritos) θεόκτιτος (theóktitos) θεόληπτος (theólēptos) θεολογέω (theologéō) θεολόγιᾰ (theológia) θεολογικός (theologikós) θεόλογος (theólogos) θεομᾰνέω (theomanéō) θεομᾰνής (theomanḗs) θεόμᾰντις (theómantis) θεομᾰχέω (theomakhéō) θεομᾰχίᾱ (theomakhíā) θεόμᾰχος (theómakhos) Θεόμβροτος (Theómbrotos) θεομήστωρ (theomḗstōr) θεομῑσής (theomīsḗs) θεόμορος (theómoros) θεόπεμπτος (theópemptos) θεόπνευστος (theópneustos) θεοποιέω (theopoiéō) Θεόπομπος (Theópompos) θεοπρεπής (theoprepḗs) θεοπροπέω (theopropéō) θεοπροπίᾱ (theopropíā) θεοπρόπιον (theoprópion) θεοπρόπος (theoprópos) θεοσέβειᾰ (theosébeia) θεοσεβέω (theosebéō) θεοσεβής (theosebḗs) θεοστυγής (theostugḗs) θεότης (theótēs) Θεοτόκος (Theotókos) θεουδής (theoudḗs) θεοφάνειᾰ (theopháneia) θεοφάνιᾰ (theophánia) θεόφᾰντος (theóphantos) θεοφιλής (theophilḗs) Θεόφιλος (Theóphilos) θεοφορέω (theophoréō) θεοφόρησις (theophórēsis) θεοφόρητος (theophórētos) θεοφορίᾱ (theophoríā) θεόφορος (theóphoros) Θεόφρᾰστος (Theóphrastos) θεόφρων (theóphrōn) θεοφῠ́λᾰξ (theophúlax) θεόω (theóō) Θουκυδίδης (Thoukudídēs) Ἱερόθεος (Hierótheos) ἰσόθεος (isótheos) ἰσοθεόω (isotheóō) κατάθεος (katátheos) μῑσόθεος (mīsótheos) Μνησίθεος (Mnēsítheos) Τῑμόθεος (Tīmótheos) Φιλόθεος (Philótheos) ``` ``` ἄθεος (átheos) ἀθεότης (atheótēs) ἀντίθεος (antítheos) ἀποθεόω (apotheóō) δύσθεος (dústheos) Δωροθέᾱ (Dōrothéā) Δωρόθεος (Dōrótheos) ἐκθεόω (ektheóō) ἐνθεόομαι (entheóomai) ἔνθεος (éntheos) ζάθεος (zátheos) ἠγάθεος (ēgátheos) ἡμίθεος (hēmítheos) θεᾱ́ (theā́) Θεαίτητος (Theaítētos) θεοβλάβειᾰ (theoblábeia) θεοβλαβέω (theoblabéō) θεοβλαβής (theoblabḗs) θεογεννής (theogennḗs) θεογνωσίᾱ (theognōsíā) θεογονίᾱ (theogoníā) θεόγονος (theógonos) θεοδέγμων (theodégmōn) θεοδίδᾰκτος (theodídaktos) θεόδμητος (theódmētos) θεοδοσίᾱ (theodosíā) Θεόδοτος (Theódotos) θεόδοτος (theódotos) Θεόδουλος (Theódoulos) Θεοδώρα (Theodṓra) Θεόδωρος (Theódōros) θεοειδής (theoeidḗs) θεοείκελος (theoeíkelos) θεοεχθρίᾱ (theoekhthríā) θεοίνιᾰ (theoínia) θεοισεχθρίᾱ (theoisekhthríā) θεοκλυτέω (theoklutéō) θεοκλύτησις (theoklútēsis) θεόκλυτος (theóklutos) θεόκρᾰντος (theókrantos) θεοκρᾰτίᾱ (theokratíā) θεόκριτος (theókritos) θεόκτιτος (theóktitos) θεόληπτος (theólēptos) θεολογέω (theologéō) θεολόγιᾰ (theológia) θεολογικός (theologikós) θεόλογος (theólogos) θεομᾰνέω (theomanéō) θεομᾰνής (theomanḗs) θεόμᾰντις (theómantis) θεομᾰχέω (theomakhéō) θεομᾰχίᾱ (theomakhíā) θεόμᾰχος (theómakhos) Θεόμβροτος (Theómbrotos) θεομήστωρ (theomḗstōr) θεομῑσής (theomīsḗs) θεόμορος (theómoros) θεόπεμπτος (theópemptos) θεόπνευστος (theópneustos) θεοποιέω (theopoiéō) Θεόπομπος (Theópompos) θεοπρεπής (theoprepḗs) θεοπροπέω (theopropéō) θεοπροπίᾱ (theopropíā) θεοπρόπιον (theoprópion) θεοπρόπος (theoprópos) θεοσέβειᾰ (theosébeia) θεοσεβέω (theosebéō) θεοσεβής (theosebḗs) θεοστυγής (theostugḗs) θεότης (theótēs) Θεοτόκος (Theotókos) θεουδής (theoudḗs) θεοφάνειᾰ (theopháneia) θεοφάνιᾰ (theophánia) θεόφᾰντος (theóphantos) θεοφιλής (theophilḗs) Θεόφιλος (Theóphilos) θεοφορέω (theophoréō) θεοφόρησις (theophórēsis) θεοφόρητος (theophórētos) θεοφορίᾱ (theophoríā) θεόφορος (theóphoros) Θεόφρᾰστος (Theóphrastos) θεόφρων (theóphrōn) θεοφῠ́λᾰξ (theophúlax) θεόω (theóō) Θουκυδίδης (Thoukudídēs) Ἱερόθεος (Hierótheos) ἰσόθεος (isótheos) ἰσοθεόω (isotheóō) κατάθεος (katátheos) μῑσόθεος (mīsótheos) Μνησίθεος (Mnēsítheos) Τῑμόθεος (Tīmótheos) Φιλόθεος (Philótheos) ``` ————————————— Proper noun Δωροθέᾱ • (Dōrothéā) f (genitive Δωροθέᾱς); first declension A female given name, equivalent to English Dorothy Δωρόθεος • (Dōrótheos) m (genitive Δωροθέου); second declension A male given name, equivalent to English Dorotheus from δῶρον (dôron, “gift”) + θεός (theós, “god”). ————————————— ``` ἰσόθεος equal to the gods masc / fem / neut gen sg ἰ̱σοθέου, ἰσοθεόω make equal to the gods imperf ind act 3rd sg ἰσοθεόω make equal to the gods pres imperat act 2nd sg ἰσοθεόω make equal to the gods imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic) ```

Answer 623

MIND — MEANING νέω (to stitch, to sew, to spin a thread) νόᾰ (to stitch, to sew, to spin a thread) νόος (mind as a construct of thoughts) νοῦς (mind as a construct of thoughts) νέω (to be thinking, to suppose) νέομαι (to think about, to consider) νοεῖν (present active infinitive of νοέω) νόησῐς (a concept, an idea) νόημα (mind, purpose, understanding, a thought) νοημοσύνη (intelligence) νοητῐκός (intelligent) μετανοέω (repent, change one’s mind) κᾰτᾰνοέω (to learn) δῐᾰνοέω (to intend, think about, consider) δῐᾰνοέομαι (to intend, think about, consider) διχονοέω (dikhonoéō) discord δυσνοέω (dusnoéō) I disagree ἐννοέω (ennoéō) signifies, to mean something ἐπινοέω (epinoéō) invent, conceive, imagine, contrive εὐνοέω (eunoéō) to think kindly of someone or something παρανοέω (paranoéō) misunderstand προνοέω (pronoéō) think ahead, plan, predict, look ahead ὑπονοέω (huponoéō) suspect, conjecture, suppose συνεννόηση συνεννοήσιμος —————————————————- ROOTS νέω • (néō) I spin Noun νόᾰ • (nóa) m accusative singular of νόος (nóos) sutra (n.) in Buddhism, "series of aphorisms" concerning ceremonies, rites, and conduct, 1801, from Sanskrit sutram "rule," literally "string, thread" (as a measure of straightness), from sivyati "sew," from PIE root *syu- "to bind, sew." Applied also to rules of grammar, law, philosophy, etc., along with their commentaries. *syu- syū-, also sū:-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to bind, sew." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sivyati "sews," sutram "thread, string;" Greek hymen "thin skin, membrane," hymnos "song;" Latin suere "to sew, sew together;" Old Church Slavonic šijo "to sew," šivu "seam;" Lettish siuviu, siuti "to sew," siuvikis "tailor;" Russian švec "tailor;" Old English siwian "to stitch, sew, mend, patch, knit together." It forms all or part of: accouter; couture; hymen; Kama Sutra; seam; sew; souter; souvlaki; sutra; sutile; suture. text (n.) late 14c., "wording of anything written," from Old French texte, Old North French tixte "text, book; Gospels" (12c.), from Medieval Latin textus "the Scriptures, text, treatise," in Late Latin "written account, content, characters used in a document," from Latin textus "style or texture of a work," literally "thing woven," from past participle stem of texere "to weave, to join, fit together, braid, interweave, construct, fabricate, build," from PIE root *teks- "to weave, to fabricate, to make; make wicker or wattle framework." textile (n.) 1620s, from Latin textilis "a web, canvas, woven fabric, cloth, something woven," noun use of textilis "woven, wrought," from texere "to weave," from PIE root *teks- "to weave," also "to fabricate." *teks- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to weave," also "to fabricate," especially with an ax," also "to make wicker or wattle fabric for (mud-covered) house walls." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: *teks- "to weave, to fabricate, to make; make wicker or wattle framework" (source also of Sanskrit taksati "he fashions, constructs," taksan "carpenter;" Avestan taša "ax, hatchet," thwaxš- "be busy;" Old Persian taxš- "be active;" Latin texere "to weave, fabricate," tela "web, net, warp of a fabric;" Greek tekton "carpenter," tekhnē "art;" Old Church Slavonic tesla "ax, hatchet;" Lithuanian tašau, tašyti "to carve;" Old Irish tal "cooper's ax;" Old High German dahs, German Dachs "badger," literally "builder;" Hittite taksh- "to join, unite, build." Noun τέκτων • (téktōn) m (genitive τέκτονος); third declension one who works with wood: carpenter, builder any craftsman (but generally opposed to metalworker, smith) a master of any art, such as gymnastics, poetry, or medicine or engineering author, creator, planner from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱō (“carpenter”) From *tetḱ- (“to create; to hew”) +‎ *-ō ``` from *tetḱ- (“to create, produce”) Root *tetḱ- (imperfective) to create, produce to cut, hew ``` Verb *tesàti to hew Verb *tesàti to hew Proto-Slavic * tesъ (“timber”) * tesla / *teslo (“adze”) Morphologically *tes- (hew wood) +‎ *-slo (“instrumental suffix”) *-slo n Deverbal, forming nouns denoting a tool or instrument. Deverbal, creating action nouns, usually becoming nomina acti. Latin: nomen acti (plural nomina acti) (grammar) A noun denoting a result of a dynamic action. adze (plural adzes) A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood. To shape a material using an adze. ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₃edʰḗs compare Hittite (atešša, “axe, hatchet”) ``` Proto-Germanic Noun *adisô m adze (“wood hewing axe”) Cognate with Sanskrit तक्षन् (tákṣan). ``` Noun तक्षन् • (tákṣan) m (“a carpenter“) Synonyms: छेदि (chédi), त्वष्टृ (tváṣṭṛ) (“a woodcutter”) ``` from Proto-Indo-Iranian *táćšā Noun *táćšā m carpenter, woodcutter from Proto-Indo-European *tétḱō (“carpenter, woodcutter”) Cognate with Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “carpenter”) The Ancient Greek noun tektōn (τέκτων) is a common term for an artisan/craftsman, in particular a carpenter, woodworker, or builder. Hebrew noun kharash (חרש), "craftsman," The term is frequently contrasted with an ironworker, or smith (χαλκεύς) and the stone-worker or mason (λιθολόγος, λαξευτής). Hebrew naggar interpretation In the Septuagint the Greek noun tektōn either stands for the generic Hebrew noun kharash (חרש), "craftsman," (as Isaiah 41:7) or tekton xylon (τέκτων ξύλον) as a word-for-word rendering of kharash-'etsim (חָרַשׁ עֵצִים) "craftsman of woods." (as Isaiah 44:13).[6] The term kharash occurs 33 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible. As an alternative to kharash, some authors[who?] have speculated that the Greek term corresponds to the Aramaic term naggara (Hebrew |נגר naggar "craftsman")[citation needed] and in 1983 Geza Vermes (1983) suggested that given that the use of the term in the Talmud "carpenter" can signify a very learned man, the New Testament description of Joseph as a carpenter could indicate that he was considered wise and literate in the Torah.[7] This theory was later popularized by A. N. Wilson to suggest that Jesus had some sort of elevated status. —————————————————— NOUNS Noun νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter from νέω (néō, “I spin”), here meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”. Noun νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension (Attic) contracted form of νόος (nóos) ``` Noun νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n (genitive νοήμᾰτος); third declension perception thought, purpose, design understanding, mind ``` Noun νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture Noun νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f (plural νοημοσύνες) intelligence -σῠ́νη • (-súnē) f (genitive -σῠ́νης); first declension Forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns Darken = Dark + -en Soften = Soft + -en Broken = Broke + -en Noun νόησῐς • (nóēsis) f (genitive νοήσεως); third declension intelligence, understanding, mental perception processes of thought (concrete) idea, concept From νοέω (think) +‎ -σῐς (noun of action, result, or process). From Ancient Greek νόησις (nóēsis, “concept”, “idea”, “intelligence”, “understanding”), from νοεῖν (noeîn, “to intend”, “to perceive”, “to see”, “to understand”) (from νοῦς (noûs, “mind”, “thought”), from νόος (nóos)) + -σις (-sis), suffix forming nouns of action. Noun noesis (countable and uncountable, plural noeses)[1] (psychology) Cognition, the functioning of intellect. (Greek philosophy) The exercise of reason. (metaphysics) The consciousness component of Noetic Theory, which concerns the duality of noesis and noema. Noun νᾶμᾰ • (nâma) n (genitive νᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension Running water: fountain, stream, river, spring From νάω (náō, “flow”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). Ancient Greek ἀνόητος (anóētos, “inconceivable”). *ἀνοησις (*anoēsis, “lack of intelligence, lack of understanding”) Antonyms αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sense-perception, sensation”) Noun δῐᾰ́νοιᾰ • (diánoia) f (genitive δῐᾰνοίᾱς); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine) intention, purpose process of thinking capacity of thought: intelligence, understanding From δια- (through, across, over) +‎ νόος (mind) +‎ -ια (abstract noun) ``` Cognates: ἐπιστήμη Noun ἐπιστήμη • (epistḗmē) f (genitive ἐπιστήμης); first declension science knowledge ``` Noun επιστήμη • (epistími) f (plural επιστήμες) (sciences) science from ἐπί (up, upon) +‎ ἵστημι (put, place, set, stand) αντεπιστημονικός (antepistimonikós, “unscientific”, adjective) επιστήμονας m or f (epistímonas, “scientist”) επιστημονικός (epistimonikós, “scientific”, adjective) επιστητό n (epistitó, “knowledge”) ψευδοεπιστήμη f (psevdoepistími, “pseudoscience”) ———————————————————— ``` Verb κᾰτᾰνοέω • (katanoéō) to perceive, observe, watch to learn to take to heart, consider ``` Verb δῐᾰνοέω • (dianoéō) Koine form of διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) Verb δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] to think about, consider ————————————————————- ADJECTIVES Adjective νοητῐκός • (noētikós) m (feminine νοητῐκή, neuter νοητῐκόν); first/second declension intellectual Antonym: αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós) English: noetic From νοητός (conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible) +‎ -τῐκός (verbal adjective suffix) English: noetic Adjective noetic (comparative more noetic, superlative most noetic) Of or pertaining to the mind or intellect. Originating in or apprehended by reason. from νοέω (“I see, understand”) Adjective νοητός • (noētós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητόν); first/second declension perceptible to the mind, thinkable, imaginable Antonym: ὁρᾱτός (horātós) From νοέω (noéō, “to perceive”) +‎ -τός (-tós, adjectival suffix). Adjective νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό) (formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind) ————————————————————- VERBS Verb νᾱ́ω • (nā́ō) I flow (over) Etymology 1 Alteration of νάω (náō, “to flow”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow; to swim”). Verb νέω • (néō) I swim (figuratively, of one in shoes that are too large) I float Verb νοεῖν • (noeîn) present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō) Verb ναίω • (naíō) (present and imperfect only) I dwell, abide (with accusative of place) I inhabit (of places) I lie, am situated (causal, with accusative of place) I give one to dwell in; I make habitable, build (middle) I found (passive) I am situated (with accusative of person) I let one dwell, I settle them (middle and passive in active sense) I settle νᾱός • (nāós) m (genitive νᾱοῦ); second declension (Doric, Tragic, Koine) a temple innermost part of a temple, sanctuary, the part of the temple considered most pure and holy from Proto-Indo-European *nes- (“to join with, to conceal oneself”). See νέομαι (néomai, “to go or come back”). ``` Verb ναιετάω • (naietáō) (Epic) to dwell, inhabit to be situated to be inhabited, located ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *nes- to return home (safely) ``` Verb νέομαι • (néomai) (Epic, Doric, rarely Tragic) to make one's way, go, come, depart (of rivers) to flow to go or come back or home, return ``` ———————————————————— Verb δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] to think about, consider Verb δῐᾰνοέω • (dianoéō) Koine form of διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) ``` Verb κᾰτᾰνοέω • (katanoéō) to perceive, observe, watch to learn to take to heart, consider ``` ``` Verb κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα) understand Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. Boró na katanoó vasikés léxeis. I can understand basic words. Synonym Verb καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —) understand, realise Cognates: καταλαμβάνω Verb καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend ``` From κατα- (kata-, “against”) +‎ λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”) ``` Verb μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō) to perceive afterwards or too late to change one's mind or purpose to repent ``` From μετᾰ- (indicating change) +‎ νοέω (“perceive by the eyes, observe”) Noun μετᾰ́νοιᾰ • (metánoia) f (genitive μετᾰνοίᾱς); first declension afterthought, repentance From μετανοέω (“to perceive afterwards, repent”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-noun). Noun μετάνοια • (metánoia) f (plural μετάνοιες) remorse, repentance (by extension) prostration, genuflection Verb εννοώ • (ennoó) (past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι) mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course Morphologically, from εν- (“in”) +‎ νοώ (“think, understand”). Noun έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) concept, meaning, essential features έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) Alternative form of έγνοια (égnoia, “care, concern”) Mophologically from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (nous, “mind”). Noun ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension the act of thinking, thought, consideration a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence From ἐννοέω (ennoéō, “to consider, reflect upon”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ia). εννοιοκρατία f (ennoiokratía, “conceptualism”) (philosophy) εννοιολογικός (ennoiologikós, “semasiological”) and see: εννοώ (ennoó, “mean; understand”) Noun νους • (nous) m (plural νόες) mind, brains Related terms κοινός νους (koinós nous, “common sense”) εγκέφαλος m (egkéfalos, “brain”) From Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs, “mind, reason, understanding”). ———————————————————— TEKTON MEANS CIVIL ARCHITECT As an alternative to kharash, some authors[who?] have speculated that the Greek term corresponds to the Aramaic term naggara (Hebrew |נגר naggar "craftsman")[citation needed] and in 1983 Geza Vermes (1983) suggested that given that the use of the term in the Talmud "carpenter" can signify a very learned man, the New Testament description of Joseph as a carpenter could indicate that he was considered wise and literate in the Torah.[7] This theory was later popularized by A. N. Wilson to suggest that Jesus had some sort of elevated status.[8][9] The original text with "There is no carpenter or son of carpenter that can take it apart" is found in Avodah Zarah 50b in discussion of whether to prune a tree on the Sabbath, with "carpenter" used in Isidore Epstein (Soncino) and Michael Rodkinson's translations and Ezra Zion Melamed's Lexicon.[10] In the modern English version of the Talmud Jacob Neusner the passage reads as follows: 1.5 A. Said R. Joseph bar Abba ... "people may remove worms from a tree or patch the bark with dung during the Sabbatical Year, but people may not remove worms or patch the bark during the intermediate days of a festival. ... But there is no craftsman let alone a disciple of a craftsman who can unravel this teaching." B. Said Rabina, "I am not a craftsman let alone a disciple of a craftsman, but I can unravel this teaching. What is the problem anyhow? ..."[11] However the Greek term tekton does not carry this meaning, the nearest equivalent in the New Testament is Paul's comparison to Timothy of a "workman" (ἐργάτης ergatēs) rightly "dividing" the word of truth.[original research?] This has been taken as a carpentry-image by some Christian commentators.[12] The suggested term naggar "craftsman" is not found in biblical Aramaic or Hebrew, or in Aramaic documents of the New Testament period,[13] but is found in later Talmudic texts where the term "craftsman" is used as a metaphor for a skilled handler of the word of God. ——————————————————— LATIN - INTELLECT ``` Latin Etymology From intellegō (“I understand; perceive”). Noun[edit] intellēctus m (genitive intellēctūs); fourth declension comprehension, understanding meaning, sense intellect reason, discerning ``` Verb intellegō (present infinitive intellegere, perfect active intellēxī, supine intellēctum); third conjugation I understand, comprehend, realize, come to know. Synonym: tongeō I perceive, discern, see, observe, recognise; feel, notice. Synonym: discernō From inter (“between”) +‎ Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”). ``` Proto-Italic Etymology 1 From Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect”). Verb *legō gather, collect ``` Etymology 2 From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- (“to care”). Latin: *legō (only in dī-ligō, intel-legō, neg-legō) ⇒ Latin: *religo (“to observe”) ⇒ Latin: religio (“reverence”) *religo (“to observe, to venerate”) +‎ -io, which could go back (via Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”)) to Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂leg- to care for Ancient Greek: ἀλέγω (alégō, “to care, mind, heed”) ἀλέγω • (alégō) (intransitive, usually negated) to care [+genitive] to care for cognate with Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”) in Latin neglego (“to neglect”) and perhaps Latin religio (“reverence”) Latin: neglegō Verb neglegō (present infinitive neglegere, perfect active neglēxī, supine neglēctum); third conjugation I neglect, overlook, pass over Si versus horum duorum poetarum neglegetis, magna parte litterarum carebitis. If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature. I am indifferent to, disregard, ignore, slight, neglect. I despise, condemn. From nec (“not”) + Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”). ——————————————————— MIND - PERCEPTION - AWARENESS - INTELLECT Nous (UK: /naʊs/,[1] US: /nuːs/), sometimes equated to intellect or intelligence, is a term from classical philosophy for the faculty of the human mind necessary for understanding what is true or real. English words such as "understanding" are sometimes used, but three commonly used philosophical terms come directly from classical languages: νοῦς or νόος (from Ancient Greek), intellēctus and intellegentia (from Latin). To describe the activity of this faculty, the word "intellection" is sometimes used in philosophical contexts, as well as the Greek words noēsis and noeîn (νόησις, νοεῖν). This activity is understood in a similar way (at least in some contexts) to the modern concept of intuition. In philosophy, common English translations include "understanding" and "mind"; or sometimes "thought" or "reason" (in the sense of that which reasons, not the activity of reasoning).[2][3] It is also often described as something equivalent to perception except that it works within the mind ("the mind's eye").[4] It has been suggested that the basic meaning is something like "awareness".[5] In colloquial British English, nous also denotes "good sense", which is close to one everyday meaning it had in Ancient Greece. ———————————————— Noun συνεννόηση • (synennóisi) f (plural συνεννοήσεις) communication Δεν υπάρχει συνεννόηση ανάμεσα σε παιδιά και γονείς σήμερα. Den ypárchei synennóisi anámesa se paidiá kai goneís símera. There's no communication between children and parents these days. understanding, agreement Έχουμε συνεννόηση μεταξύ μας. Échoume synennóisi metaxý mas. We have an understanding with each other. consultation, deliberation, exchange of views Οι χώρες της ΕΕ κάνουν συνεννοήσεις για το κυπριακό ζήτημα. Oi chóres tis EE kánoun synennoḯseis gia to kypriakó zítima. The countries of the EU are having deliberations on the Cyprus issue. collusion (secret agreement for an illegal purpose) Έχει συνεννόηση με τους εχθρούς μας. Échei synennóisi me tous echthroús mas. She's in collusion with our enemies. Noun κατανόηση • (katanóisi) f (plural κατανόησεις) comprehension, understanding Adjective κατανοητός • (katanoïtós) m (feminine κατανοητή, neuter κατανοητό) understandable, comprehensible Verb συνεννοούμαι • (synennooúmai) deponent (past συνεννοήθηκα) (intransitive) communicate (with), get on with (exchange information pleasantly/courteously) Πώς να συνεννοηθούν αφού ο ένας μιλά ισπανικά κι ο άλλος κινέζικα; Pós na synennoïthoún afoú o énas milá ispaniká ki o állos kinézika? How can they communicate with each other since one speaks Spanish and the other Chinese? Δεν μπορώ να συνεννοηθώ μ’ αυτήν την γυναίκα. Den boró na synennoïthó m’ aftín tin gynaíka. I can't get along with this woman. (intransitive) come to an understanding / agreement, agree to Είναι αδύνατον να συνεννοηθείς μαζί του, αφού επιμένει στις απόψεις του. Eínai adýnaton na synennoïtheís mazí tou, afoú epiménei stis apópseis tou. It's impossible to come to an agreement with him since he insists on his views. Συνεννοηθήκανε να του αγοράσουν αμάξι για τα γενέθλια. Synennoïthíkane na tou agorásoun amáxi gia ta genéthlia. They agreed to buy him a car for his birthday. (intransitive) deliberate, consult (consider carefully) Τα κόμματα συνεννοούνται για να βρουν άκρη στο ζήτημα. Ta kómmata synennooúntai gia na vroun ákri sto zítima. The parties are deliberating to come to an agreement on the issue. from middle voice of Koine Greek συνεννοέω (sunennoéō, “to have in mind”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐννοέω (ennoéō, “to mean”). —————————————————— Derived terms συνεννόηση f (synennóisi, “understanding, communication”) συνεννοήσιμος (synennoḯsimos, “open to communication”) Synonyms (to communicate): επικοινωνώ (epikoinonó) (to agree): συμφωνώ (symfonó) (to deliberate): σκέπτομαι (sképtomai), συζητώ (syzitó), συμβουλεύομαι (symvoulévomai) Antonyms (to agree): διαφωνώ (diafonó, “to disagree”) Related terms[edit] see: εννοώ (ennoó, “mean; understand”) —————————————————— διχονοέω (dikhonoéō) discord δυσνοέω (dusnoéō) I disagree ἐννοέω (ennoéō) signifies, to mean something ἐπινοέω (epinoéō) invent, conceive, imagine, contrive εὐνοέω (eunoéō) to think kindly of someone or something παρανοέω (paranoéō) misunderstand προνοέω (pronoéō) think ahead, plan, predict, look ahead ὑπονοέω (huponoéō) suspect, conjecture, suppose διχονοέω / διχόνοια discord the difference of opinion or interests that exists between two parties and the consequent disagreement and hostility that arises from it Verb εννοώ • (ennoó) (past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι) mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course Noun ἐπῐ́νοιᾰ • (epínoia) f (genitive ἐπινοίᾱς); first declension power of thought, imagination, inventiveness From ἐπινοέω (epinoéō, “to invent, contrive”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ia). εὐνοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eunoeó Phonetic Spelling: (yoo-no-eh'-o) Definition: to think kindly of, to be favorable Usage: I am favorable, am kindly-disposed. ``` ὑπονοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: huponoeó Phonetic Spelling: (hoop-on-o-eh'-o) Definition: to suspect, conjecture Usage: I conjecture, suppose, suspect, deem. ``` ———————————————————- ασυνεννοησία f (asynennoïsía) ασυνεννόητος (asynennóitos) ενδοσυνεννόηση f (endosynennóisi, “intercommunication”) έννοια f (énnoia, “meaning; caring”) εννοιοκρατία f (ennoiokratía, “conceptualism”) (philosophy) εννοιολογικός (ennoiologikós, “semasiological”) εννοούμενος (ennooúmenos, “understood”, participle) προσυνεννόηση f (prosynennóisi, “agreement beforehand”) προσυνεννοούμαι (prosynennooúmai, “agree beforehand”) συνεννοημένος (synennoïménos, participle) συνεννόηση f (synennóisi, “understanding, communication”) συνεννοήσιμος (synennoḯsimos, “easy to communicate with”) συνεννοούμαι (synennooúmai, “communicate with, have mutual understanding”)

Answer 624

COMMON - COMMUNION - COMMUNICATE COMMUNICATION κοινός common, ordinary, commonplace, mutual, communal, banal from Proto-Indo-European *ḱomyós from *ḱóm (“with”) +‎ *-yós (“adjectival suffix”) the ancestor of the suffix -ιος (-adjectives) Adverb *ḱóm (“beside, near, by, with”) Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒀜𒋫 (katta, “down from, at, with, under”) Cognates Greek: κᾰτᾰ́ (with accusative) around, about, close to (with accusative) according to, in conformity with ``` Preposition κᾰτᾰ́ • (katá) (governs the genitive and accusative) (+ genitive) against, opposing into against (+ accusative) downwards along, through, in towards during for, for the purpose of according to, in conformity with ``` ``` —————————————————— Verb κοινόω • (koinóō) I make common, make unholy I share ``` From κοινός (“common”) +‎ -όω (-factitive verb). Noun κοινό • (koinó) n (uncountable) public (people in general) H έκθεση θα είναι ανοιχτή για το κοινό H ékthesi tha eínai anoichtí gia to koinó The exhibition will be open to the public. audience Adjective κοινός • (koinós) m (feminine κοινή, neuter κοινόν); first/second declension common public, general κοινωνώ / κοινωνία Θεία Κοινωνία Holy Communion Verb κοινωνώ/κοινωνάω • (koinonó/koinonáo) (past κοινώνησα, passive —) (Christianity, transitive) receive communion, communicate, take communion (Christianity, intransitive) give communion κοινωνώ (koinonó, “to take communion, to give communion”) Noun κοινωνία • (koinonía) f (plural κοινωνίες) community σοσιαλιστική κοινωνία ― sosialistikí koinonía ― socialist community κλειστή κοινωνία ― kleistí koinonía ― closed community society, communion (a group of people with a shared culture) η κοινωνία της αφθονίας ― i koinonía tis afthonías ― the affluent society (Christianity) communion Θεία κοινωνία ― Theía koinonía ― Holy Communion ακοινώνητος (akoinónitos, “unsociable; not taking communion”) ανακοινώνω (anakoinóno, “announce”) διακοινώνω (diakoinóno) (formal, diplomacy) ελευθεροκοινωνώ (eleftherokoinonó) (of ships and shore) επικοινωνώ (epikoinonó, “communicate”) κοινωνικοποιώ (koinonikopoió, “socialise”) κοινωνικός (koinonikós, “social, gregrious”) κοινωνιο- (koinonio-, “socio-”) compounds κοινωνός (koinonós) συγκοινωνία f (sygkoinonía, “transport”) συγκοινωνούντα δοχεία n pl (sygkoinonoúnta docheía, “communicating vessels”) συγκοινωνώ (sygkoinonó, “communicate”) and see: κοινωνία f (koinonía, “society, colony, community, communion”) Adjective κοινωνικός • (koinonikós) m (feminine κοινωνική, neuter κοινωνικό) social sociable, gregarious Antonyms: ακοινώνητος (akoinónitos), αντικοινωνικός (antikoinonikós) κοινωνικοποίηση f (koinonikopoíisi, “socialisation”) κοινωνικοποιώ (koinonikopoió, “to socialise”) Noun επικοινωνία • (epikoinonía) f (plural επικοινωνίες) communication (between two people, machines, etc) Noun αλληλεπικοινωνία • (allilepikoinonía) f (plural αλληλεπικοινωνίες) intercommunication (between two people, machines, etc) Verb αλληλεπικοινωνώ • (allilepikoinonó) (past αλληλεπικοινώνησα) intercommunicate ``` Verb επικοινωνώ • (epikoinonó) (past επικοινώνησα, passive —) talk, communicate, contact Έχουμε επικοινωνήσει με το δικηγόρο. Échoume epikoinonísei me to dikigóro. We have contacted the lawyer. ``` Noun συγκοινωνία • (sygkoinonía) f (plural συγκοινωνίες) (transport) transport, transportation (means of conveyance) αεροσυγκοινωνία f (aerosygkoinonía, “air transport, civil aviation”) Verb κοινωνικοποιώ • (koinonikopoió) (past κοινωνικοποίησa) (psychology) socialise nationalise, take into social ownership Antonyms (nationalise): ιδιωτικοποιώ (idiotikopoió, “to denationalise”) κοινωνικοποίηση f (koinonikopoíisi, “socialisation, nationalisation”) Etymology κοινωνικός (koinonikós, “social”) +‎ -ποιω (-poio, “form, characterise”) Noun[edit] κοινωνικοποίηση • (koinonikopoíisi) f (psychology) socialisation, socialization nationalisation, taking into social ownership κοινωνικοποίηση Synonyms κρατικοποίηση f (kratikopoíisi, “nationalisation”) εθνικοποίηση f (ethnikopoíisi, “nationalisation”) Related terms κοινωνικοποιώ (koinonikopoió, “to socialise”) Adjective τηλεπικοινωνιακός • (tilepikoinoniakós) m (feminine τηλεπικοινωνιακή, neuter τηλεπικοινωνιακό) telecommunication τηλεπικοινωνιακός Related terms τηλεπικοινωνία f (tilepikoinonía, “telecommunications”) Noun τηλεπικοινωνία • (tilepikoinonía) f (plural τηλεπικοινωνίες) (communication, usually in the plural) telecommunication(s) Οργανοσμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος ― Organosmós Tilepikoinonión Elládos ― Greek Telecommunications Organization ————————————————— common (adj.) c. 1300, "belonging to all, owned or used jointly, general, of a public nature or character," from Old French comun "common, general, free, open, public" (9c., Modern French commun), from Latin communis "in common, public, shared by all or many; general, not specific; familiar, not pretentious." This is from a reconstructed PIE compound *ko-moin-i- "held in common," compound adjective formed from *ko- "together" + *moi-n-, suffixed form of root *mei- (1) "to change, go, move," hence literally "shared by all." The second element of the compound also is the source of Latin munia "duties, public duties, functions," those related to munia "office." Perhaps reinforced in Old French by the Germanic form of PIE *ko-moin-i- (compare German gemein, Old English gemne "common, public, general, universal;" see mean (adj.)), which came to French via Frankish. Used disparagingly of women and criminals since c. 1300. Meaning "pertaining equally to or proceeding equally from two or more" is from c. 1400. Meaning "usual, not exceptional, of frequent occurrence" is from late 14c. Sense of "not distinguished, belonging to the general mass" is from c. 1400; of things, "ordinary, not excellent," late 14c. Common pleas is 13c., from Anglo-French communs plets, hearing civil actions by one subject against another as opposed to pleas of the crown. Common prayer is that done in public in unity with other worshipers; contrasted with private prayer. Common stock is attested from 1888. Common speech (late 14c.) is the vernacular, as opposed to Latin. Common good (late 14c.) translates Latin bonum publicum "the common weal." The college common room (1660s) is one to which all members have common access. common (n.) c. 1300, "a fellowship or brotherhood; early 14c., "people of a community or town, freemen, citizenry;" late 15c., "land held in common," from Old French commune and Medieval Latin communia, and partly from common (adj.). Also compare commons. Latin communis "common, general" (adj.) also served as a noun meaning "common property; state, commonwealth." ``` common law (n.) mid-14c., "the customary and unwritten laws of England as embodied in commentaries and old cases" (see common (adj.)), as opposed to statute law. Phrase common-law marriage is attested from 1909. ```

Answer 625

SUPERLATIVES ``` πλέον More Synonyms (more, -er): πιο (pio) (already): ήδη (ídi) (more than): περισσότερο (perissótero) ``` Suffix -τατος • (-tatos) m (feminine -τάτη, neuter -τᾰτον); first/second declension Added to adjective stems to form superlative forms Suffix -τᾱτος • (-tātos) f (Doric) feminine genitive singular of -τᾱς (-tās) Suffix -τατος • (-tatos) Added to most adjectives to form the absolute superlative. ‎σοφός (sofós, “wise”) + ‎-τατος (-tatos) → ‎σοφότατος (sofótatos, “very wise”) ‎βαθύς (vathýs, “deep”) + ‎-τατος (-tatos) → ‎βαθύτατος (vathýtatos, “very deep”) from Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós‚ from *-yōs ——————————————————- RELATIVE — COMPARATIVE Suffix -τερος • (-teros) m (feminine -τέρᾱ, neuter -τερον); first/second declension Used on adjectives that express some notion of contrast with an antonym Added to adjective stems to form comparative forms From Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Suffix -τερος • (-teros) Added to many adjectives and some adverbs to form the comparative forms. ‎βαθύς (vathýs, “deep”) + ‎-τερος (-teros) → ‎βαθύτερος (vathýteros, “deeper”) ‎όμορφος (ómorfos, “beautiful”) + ‎-τερος (-teros) → ‎ομορφότερος (omorfóteros, “more beautiful”) Added to many adjectives and some adverbs to form the relative superlative forms. ‎βαθύς (vathýs, “deep”) + ‎-τερος (-teros) → ‎ο βαθύτερος (o vathýteros, “deepest”) ``` Recent additions to the category ανώτερος αβλαβέστερος σοφότερου περισσότερος χειρότερος βαθύτερος ομορφότερος καλύτερος ευγενικότερος Oldest pages ordered by last edit ευγενικότερος καλύτερος ομορφότερος βαθύτερος ανώτερος περισσότερος αβλαβέστερος σοφότερου χειρότερος ``` ——————————————————- Suffix -ερός • (-erós) Forms an adjective from a noun which is indicated. ‎αλάτι (aláti, “salty”) + ‎-ερός (-erós) → ‎αλατερός (alaterós, “very salty”) ‎αγκάθι (agkáthi, “thorn”) + ‎-ερός (-erós) → ‎αγκαθερός (agkatherós, “thorny”) ‎λάδι (ládi, “oil”) + ‎-ερός (-erós) → ‎λαδερός (laderós, “oily”) Forms an adjective from a verb. ‎αστράφτω (astráfto, “shine”) + ‎-ερός (-erós) → ‎αστραφτερός (astrafterós, “shiny”) ‎λάμπω (lámpo, “shine”) + ‎-ερός (-erós) → ‎λαμπερός (lamperós, “bright”) Α αλατερός Φ φανταχτερός μικρός μικρότερο Smallest μικρός αδερφός Little brother ————————————————————— Suffix -ῐστᾰ • (-ista) neuter nominative/accusative plural of -ῐστος (-istos) Neuter accusative plural of superlative adjective used as a superlative adverb Ancient Greek words suffixed with -ιστα μᾰ́λῐστᾰ • (málista) most, most of all, above all μάλιστα Superlative of μάλα (mála, “very”), from μάλα +‎ -ιστα (-ista, superlative adverb suffix). ———————————————————- ``` μᾰ́λᾰ • (mála) very, very much, exceedingly (simply strengthening the word with which it stands) (with adjectives) (with adverbs) (with verbs) (strengthening an assertion) (in Homer, often after εἰ) (in Attic, often in answers) yes, certainly, exactly so ``` From Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“strong, better”). Comparative: μᾶλλον (mâllon) Superlative: μάλιστα (málista) ——————————————————— ADVERBS Adverb πιο • (pio) more Adverb πλέον • (pléon) (dated, formal) more, -er (forms comparatives) ``` Adjective πλέον • (pléon) inflection of πλέων (pléōn): neuter nominative/accusative singular masculine/feminine/neuter vocative singular ``` Adjective πολῠ́ς • (polús) m (feminine πολλή, neuter πολῠ́); first/second declension (of number, in the plural) many, a lot of (with nouns of multitude) large, great (of amount, with mass nouns) a lot of, much (rare, of a person) great, mighty (of sound) loud (attributively, adverbial) strongly, fully (of space) wide, large (of distance) far (of time) long; late ``` Derived terms πολλάκις (pollákis) πολυβόειος (polubóeios) πολυγαμία (polugamía) Πολυδεύκης (Poludeúkēs) πολύϊχθυς (polúïkhthus) πολυμαθής (polumathḗs) πολύμητις (polúmētis) Πολύμνια (Polúmnia) πολύπους (polúpous) πολύσημος (polúsēmos) πολύσπαστον (polúspaston) πολύτλᾱς (polútlās) πολύτροπος (polútropos) ``` ``` Derived terms πολλάκις (pollákis) πολυβόειος (polubóeios) πολυγαμία (polugamía) Πολυδεύκης (Poludeúkēs) πολύϊχθυς (polúïkhthus) πολυμαθής (polumathḗs) πολύμητις (polúmētis) Πολύμνια (Polúmnia) πολύπους (polúpous) πολύσημος (polúsēmos) πολύσπαστον (polúspaston) πολύτλᾱς (polútlās) πολύτροπος (polútropos) ``` Adjective πολλός • (pollós) m (feminine πολλή, neuter πολλόν); first/second declension Ionic form of πολύς (polús) ——————————————— Adjective πλείστος • (pleístos) m (feminine πλείστη, neuter πλείστο) (formal) many, most ``` Adjective πλεῖστος • (pleîstos) (of number, also of size, extent, strength, etc.) most, very much (with the article, like οἱ πολλοί) the greatest number, the greatest part of.. (adverbial, like μάλιστα) most (with the article) for the most part (with prepositions) (διά) furthest off (εἰς) most (ἐπί) over the greatest distance, to the greatest extent (κατά) (περί) ``` From the root of πολύς (polús, “much, many”) +‎ -ιστος (-istos, superlative suffix). Related terms[edit] πᾰ́μπλειστος (pámpleistos, “in large quantity, number”) πλειστᾰ́κις (pleistákis, “mostly, very often”, adverb) πλείσταρχος (pleístarkhos, “holding widest sway”) πλειστᾰχόθεν (pleistakhóthen, “from most or many places”, adverb) πλειστήρης (pleistḗrēs, “manifold, all the whole”) πλειστηριᾰ́ζω (pleistēriázō, “raise the price”) πλειστηριᾰσμός (pleistēriasmós, “increase of price”) (Hellenistic Koine) πλειστηρῐ́ζομαι (pleistērízomai, “accuse as chief cause”) πλειστοβολέω (pleistoboléō, “throw highest at dice”) πλειστοβολίνδα f (pleistobolínda, “dice-playing”) πλειστόβολος (pleistóbolos, “throwing high”) πλειστοβόλος (pleistobólos, “throwing the most”) πλειστοδυναμέω (pleistodunaméō, “be dominant, prevail”) πλειστοφόρος (pleistophóros, “bearing most”) πλειστογονέω (pleistogonéō, “produce many offsprings”) πλειστολόγως (pleistológōs, “in various ways”, adverb) πλειστολόχειᾰ f (pleistolókheia, “small birthwort, Aristolochia Plistolochia”) πλειστόμβροτος (pleistómbrotos, “crowded with people”) πλειστονῑ́κης (pleistonī́kēs, “victor in many contests”) Πλειστός m (Pleistós, “the river Plistus”) πλειστοτόκος (pleistotókos, “producing most offspring”) κατά το πλείστον (katá to pleíston, “in most cases, frequently”) πλείστοι όσοι m pl (pleístoi ósoi, “many -with emphasis-”), πλείστες όσες f pl, πλείστα όσα n pl ως επί το πλείστον (os epí to pleíston, “in most cases, frequently”) πλειστάκις (pleistákis, “often”, adverb) (learned) πλειστηριάζω (pleistiriázo, “I auction”) & compounds πλειστόκαινος (pleistókainos, “pleistocene”) (geology) Adverb πλειστάκις • (pleistákis) (formal) often, many times πλεῖστ(ος) (“most”) +‎ -άκις (“times”) Adverb πλειστᾰ́κις • (pleistákis) mostly, very often From Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús (“much, many”), o-grade derivative of the root *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognates include Latin plūs (“more”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much, many, abundant”), Old Irish oll (“great, vast”), Old English feolo (“much, many”) ————————————————————- Adjective μεγάλος • (megálos) m (feminine μεγάλη, neuter μεγάλο) big, large, great (of greater than average size) big, great (of greater than average intensity) ``` Adjective μέγᾰς • (mégas) m (feminine μεγάλη, neuter μέγᾰ); first/second declension big, large great, mighty, loud marvelous, awesome Inflection ``` Adjective μέγῐστος • (mégistos) m (feminine μεγῐ́στη, neuter μέγῐστον); first/second declension superlative degree of μέγας (mégas): biggest, largest From μέγας (mégas) +‎ -ιστος (-istos). Adjective μεγαλύτερος • (megalýteros) Nominative singular masculine, comparative form of μεγάλος (megálos) (larger, bigger, greater) ————————————————— BETTER Adjective καλύτερα • (kalýtera) Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of καλύτερος (kalýteros). Adverb καλύτερα • (kalýtera) comparative degree of καλά (kalá, “better”) Adverb καλά • (kalá) (comparative καλύτερα, absolute superlative κάλλιστα) or άριστα (árista) well ``` Adverb καλώς • (kalós) well, all right, alright Synonym: καλά (kalá) έχει καλώς ― échei kalós ― all is well καλώς ή κακώς ― kalós í kakós ― for better or for worse ``` καλώς ήρθατε (kalós írthate, “welcome”, second person plural)† καλώς ήρθες (kalós írthes, “welcome”, second person singular) καλώς ορίσατε (kalós orísate, “welcome”, second person plural) καλώς όρισες (kalós órises, “welcome”, second person singular) Adverb from καλός (kalós, “beautiful”) +‎ -ως (-adverb) -ως • (-ōs) Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs. ``` Adjective καλός • (kalós) m (feminine καλή, neuter καλόν); first/second declension beautiful, lovely good, quality, useful good, right, moral, virtuous, noble ``` From earlier καλϝός (kalwós), from Proto-Indo-European *kal-wo-s, form of *kal- (“beautiful”). ``` Noun καλός • (kalós) m (plural καλοί) the good man Οι καλοί θα πάνε στον Παράδεισο. Oi kaloí tha páne ston Parádeiso. The good will go to Heaven. goodie, goody sweetheart ``` ``` Adjective καλός • (kalós) m (feminine καλή, neuter καλό) good Antonym: κακός (kakós) nice, likeable ``` From Ancient Greek κᾰλός (“beautiful, morally beautiful, of good quality”) καλό ταξίδι (kaló taxídi, “bon voyage”, literally “good journey”) καλή όρεξη (kalí órexi, “bon appetit”, literally “good appetite”) καλό μήνα (kaló mína, literally “good month”) (a greeting for the new month) ``` Noun κᾰ́λλος • (kállos) n (genitive κᾰ́λλεος or κάλλους); third declension beauty nobility a beautiful person or thing ``` ``` Καλλίας (Kallías) Καλλικλῆς (Kalliklês) Κᾰλλῐκρᾰ́της (Kallikrátēs) Καλλικρατίδας (Kallikratídas) Καλλίμαχος (Kallímakhos) Καλλίξενος (Kallíxenos) Καλλιόπη (Kalliópē) καλλιπάρῃος (kallipárēios) καλλίπυγος (kallípugos) Καλλισθένης (Kallisthénēs) Καλλίστη (Kallístē) Καλλίστρατος (Kallístratos) Καλλιστώ (Kallistṓ) Καλλιφῶν (Kalliphôn) περικαλλής (perikallḗs) ``` καλλιγραφία f (kalligrafía, “calligraphy”) From κάλλος (“beauty”) +‎ γράφω (“to write”) +‎ -ιά (noun). καλλιγράφος m or f (kalligráfos, “calligrapher”) καλλιγραφικός (kalligrafikós, “calligraphic”)

Answer 626

INVESTIGATE Noun έρευνα • (érevna) f (plural έρευνες) research, examination (especially scientific or legal) investigation From Ancient Greek ἔρευνα (éreuna, “inquiry”). Noun ἔρευνᾰ • (éreuna) f (genitive ἐρεύνης); first declension an inquiry, a search (medicine) an exploratory operation ερευνώ (erevnó, “to research, to search”) ερευνητής m (erevnitís, “research worker”) ερευνήτρια f (erevnítria, “research worker”) Verb ερευνάω • (erevnáo) / ερευνώ (past ερεύνησα, passive ερευνώμαι, p‑past ερευνήθηκα, ppp ερευνημένος) search, investigate Verb γυρεύω • (gyrévo) (past γύρεψα) rare passive: γυρεύομαι (informal) look for, want from Hellenistic Koine Greek γῡρεύω (gūreúō, “run round in a circle”) from the ancient γῦρος (gûros, “ring, circle, go around”) From Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, to bend”) from Proto-Indo-European *guH-ró-s from *geHu- (“to bend, curve”) +‎ *-rós (Forms adjectives) Verb ψάχνω • (psáchno) (past έψαξα, passive ψάχνομαι) look for, hunt for, search, rummage and see the passive → ψάχνομαι Synonyms ζητώ (zitó) γυρεύω (gyrévo) ερευνώ (erevnó) Antonym Adjective αγύρευτος • (agýreftos) m (feminine αγύρευτη, neuter αγύρευτο) unsought, not looked for from Hellenistic Koine Greek γῡρεύω (gūreúō, “run round in a circle”) from the ancient γῦρος (gûros, “ring, cirgle”) ——————————————————— γύρος • (gýros) m (plural γύροι) round, perimeter, rim Synonyms: περίμετρος (perímetros), περιφέρεια (periféreia) Expression: κάνω (káno) + accusative: κάνω το γύρο (káno to gýro, “make the round, go around”) brim (of a hat) bout, round, movement on a circle. «Ο γύρος του κόσμου σε ογδόντα ημέρες», μυθιστόρημα του Ιουλίου Βερν. «O gýros tou kósmou se ogdónta iméres», mythistórima tou Ioulíou Vern. Around the World in Eighty Days, novel by Jules Verne. a walk or stroll Πάμε ένα γύρο στην πλατεία να δούμε τα παιδιά; Páme éna gýro stin plateía na doúme ta paidiá? Shall we go for a stroll to the square to see the guys? Alternative form, feminine: γύρα (gýra) (colloquial) bypass, detour, diversion from main route Γίνονται έργα στη λεωφόρο και κάναμε ολόκληρο γύρο για να φτάσουμε. Gínontai érga sti leofóro kai káname olókliro gýro gia na ftásoume. There's construction at the avenue, so we made a long detour to get there. spread (of news) Η είδηση του θανάτου της έκανε το γύρο του κόσμου. I eídisi tou thanátou tis ékane to gýro tou kósmou. The news of her death made international headlines. (literally, “made the tour of the world”) lap, round, tour (sport, game, elections) προκριματικός γύρος, δεύτερος γύρος ― prokrimatikós gýros, défteros gýros ― preliminary round, second round

Answer 627

I KNOW ``` ACTIVE VOICE I am Knowing I Know(s) I have Known I Knew I Will know I May know ``` ``` PASSIVE VOICE I am being known I am known I was known I had been known I will be known I will become known I may be known ``` ————————————- ``` Verb γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) know (something), be aware, recognize know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance ———————————————- γνωρίζομαι ``` Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Future ➤ Active voice ➤ Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Passive voice ➤ Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ ———————————————————————— Past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Active voice ➤ Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ Past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Passive voice ➤ Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ ———————————————————————— 1 sg γνωρίζω ➤ Present - Indicative - Active = Imperfective (am knowing) γνωρίσω ➤ Dependent - Indicative - Active = Perfective (I know) γνωρίζομαι ➤ Present - Indicative - Passive=Imperfective (Being known) γνωριστώ ➤ Dependent - Indicative - Passive = Perfective (be known) ———————————————————————— PRESENT - FUTURE ``` 1 sg Active γνωρίζω ➤ (I am knowing) γνωρίσω ➤ (I know) Passive γνωρίζομαι ➤ (I am Being known) γνωριστώ ➤ (I may be known) ``` ``` 2 sg γνωρίζεις γνωρίσεις γνωρίζεσαι γνωριστείς ``` ``` 3 sg γνωρίζει γνωρίσει γνωρίζεται γνωριστεί ``` ``` 1 pl γνωρίζουμε, [‑ομε] γνωρίσουμε, [‑ομε] γνωριζόμαστε γνωριστούμε ``` ``` 2 pl γνωρίζετε γνωρίσετε γνωρίζεστε, γνωριζόσαστε γνωριστείτε ``` ``` 3 pl γνωρίζουν(ε) γνωρίσουν(ε) γνωρίζονται γνωριστούν(ε) ``` ——————————————- PAST 1 sg Active γνώριζα ➤ (I was knowing) imperfect -ing γνώρισα ➤ (I knew) simple past Passive γνωριζόμουν(α) ➤ (I was being known, had been) imperfect -ing γνωρίστηκα ➤ (I was known) simple past 2 sg Active γνώριζες ➤ (you were knowing) imperfect -ing γνώρισες ➤ (You knew) simple past Passive γνωριζόσουν(α) ➤ (You were being known, had been) imperfect -ing γνωρίστηκες ➤ (You were known) simple past ``` 3 sg Active γνώριζε γνώρισε Passive γνωριζόταν(ε) γνωρίστηκε ``` ``` 1 pl Active γνωρίζαμε γνωρίσαμε Passive γνωριζόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) γνωριστήκαμε ``` ``` 2 pl Active γνωρίζατε γνωρίσατε Passive γνωριζόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) γνωριστήκατε ``` ``` 3 pl Active γνώριζαν, γνωρίζαν(ε) γνώρισαν, γνωρίσαν(ε) Passive γνωρίζονταν, (γνωριζόντουσαν) γνωρίστηκαν, γνωριστήκαν(ε) ``` ———————————————- PARTICIPLE (adjective) Present Participle γνωρίζοντας (the “knowing” man) Past Participle έχοντας γνωρίσει (the “known” man) ———————————————- ``` Derived terms αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”) παραγνωρίζω (paragnorízo, “overlook”) πρωτογνωρίζω (protognorízo, “meet for the first time”) Related terms[edit] αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) See also[edit] ξέρω (xéro, “to know a fact”) ```

Answer 628

INTERPRETER - DISCERNER - KNOWER γνώμων From γνώ (know) + -μων (Forms agent nouns and adjectives) ``` Noun γνώμων • (gnṓmōn) m (genitive γνώμονος); third declension interpreter, discerner carpenter's square sundial (geometry) gnomon ``` Suffix -μων • (-mōn) m (genitive -μονος); third declension Forms agent nouns and adjectives. From Proto-Indo-European *-mō Suffix *(é)-mō m Creates agent nouns from verbs.

Answer 629

WORK - LABOR - MENTALLY ``` ἠργάσατο — 3 Occ. ἠργάζετο — 1 Occ. εἰργασάμεθα — 1 Occ. εἰργάσαντο — 1 Occ. εἰργασμένα — 1 Occ. ἐργάσῃ — 1 Occ. ἐργάζῃ — 1 Occ. ἐργάζεσθαι — 6 Occ. ἐργάζεσθε — 3 Occ. ἐργάζεται — 5 Occ. ἐργαζώμεθα — 2 Occ. ἐργάζομαι — 2 Occ. ἐργαζομένῳ — 3 Occ. ἐργαζόμενοι — 6 Occ. ἐργαζόμενος — 2 Occ. ἐργαζομένους — 1 Occ. ἐργάζονται — 1 Occ. ἐργάζου — 1 Occ. ``` ``` ἐργάζομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ergazomai Phonetic Spelling: (er-gad'-zom-ahee) Definition: to search, examine Usage: I work, trade, perform, do, practice, commit, acquire by labor. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2038 ergázomai (from 2041 /érgon, "work") – to work (accomplish). See 2041 (ergon). ``` ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 7:23 V-PPM/P-NMP GRK: ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν NAS: you; DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO PRACTICE LAWLESSNESS.' KJV: from me, ye that work iniquity. INT: me those who work lawlessness Matthew 21:28 V-PMM/P-2S GRK: ὕπαγε σήμερον ἐργάζου ἐν τῷ NAS: Son, go work today in the vineyard.' KJV: Son, go work to day in INT: go today work in the ``` Matthew 25:16 V-AIM-3S GRK: τάλαντα λαβὼν ἠργάσατο ἐν αὐτοῖς NAS: went and traded with them, and gained KJV: talents went and traded with the same, INT: talents having received traded with them ``` Matthew 26:10 V-AIM-3S GRK: γὰρ καλὸν ἠργάσατο εἰς ἐμέ NAS: the woman? For she has done a good KJV: for she hath wrought a good INT: indeed good she did to me ``` ``` Mark 14:6 V-AIM-3S GRK: καλὸν ἔργον ἠργάσατο ἐν ἐμοί NAS: do you bother her? She has done a good KJV: her? she hath wrought a good INT: a good work she did toward me ``` ``` Luke 13:14 V-PNM/P GRK: αἷς δεῖ ἐργάζεσθαι ἐν αὐταῖς NAS: days in which work should be done; KJV: which men ought to work: in them INT: which it behoves [men] to work in these ``` ``` John 3:21 V-RPM/P-NNP GRK: θεῷ ἐστὶν εἰργασμένα NAS: as having been wrought in God. KJV: that they are wrought in God. INT: God they have been have done ``` John 5:17 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι NAS: them, My Father is working until KJV: My Father worketh hitherto, and IINT: until now works and I work ``` John 5:17 V-PIM/P-1S GRK: ἐργάζεται κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι NAS: now, and I Myself am working. KJV: hitherto, and I work. INT: works and I work ``` ``` John 6:27 V-PMM/P-2P GRK: ἐργάζεσθε μὴ τὴν NAS: Do not work for the food KJV: Labour not for the meat INT: Work not [for] the ``` ``` John 6:28 V-PSM/P-1P GRK: ποιῶμεν ἵνα ἐργαζώμεθα τὰ ἔργα NAS: so that we may work the works KJV: that we might work the works INT: do we that we might work the works ``` ``` John 6:30 V-PIM/P-2S GRK: σοι τί ἐργάζῃ NAS: You? What work do You perform? KJV: thee? what dost thou work? INT: you what do you work ``` ``` John 9:4 V-PNM/P GRK: ἡμᾶς δεῖ ἐργάζεσθαι τὰ ἔργα NAS: We must work the works KJV: I must work the works of him that sent INT: Us it behoves to work the works ``` ``` John 9:4 V-PNM/P GRK: οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐργάζεσθαι NAS: no one can work. KJV: no man can work. INT: no one is able to work ``` Acts 10:35 V-PPM/P-NMS GRK: αὐτὸν καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην δεκτὸς NAS: the man who fears Him and does what is right KJV: him, and worketh righteousness, is INT: him and works righteousness acceptable ``` Acts 13:41 V-PIM/P-1S GRK: ὅτι ἔργον ἐργάζομαι ἐγὼ ἐν NAS: AND PERISH; FOR I AM ACCOMPLISHING A WORK KJV: for I work a work in INT: for a work work I in ``` ``` Acts 18:3 V-IIM/P-3P GRK: αὐτοῖς καὶ ἠργάζετο ἦσαν γὰρ NAS: he stayed with them and they were working, for by trade KJV: and wrought: for INT: them and worked they were indeed ``` ``` Romans 2:10 V-PPM/P-DMS GRK: παντὶ τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ τὸ ἀγαθόν NAS: to everyone who does good, KJV: to every man that worketh good, INT: to everyone that works good ``` Romans 4:4 V-PPM/P-DMS GRK: τῷ δὲ ἐργαζομένῳ ὁ μισθὸς NAS: Now to the one who works, his wage KJV: Now to him that worketh is the reward INT: the [one who] moreover works the reward Romans 4:5 V-PPM/P-DMS GRK: δὲ μὴ ἐργαζομένῳ πιστεύοντι δὲ NAS: But to the one who does not work, but believes KJV: But to him that worketh not, but INT: however not does work believes however ``` Romans 13:10 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται πλήρωμα οὖν NAS: Love does no wrong KJV: Love worketh no ill INT: evil not does work [the] fulfillment therefore ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 4:12 V-PPM/P-NMP GRK: καὶ κοπιῶμεν ἐργαζόμενοι ταῖς ἰδίαις NAS: and we toil, working with our own KJV: labour, working with our own INT: and toil working with the own ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 9:6 V-PNM/P GRK: ἐξουσίαν μὴ ἐργάζεσθαι NAS: a right to refrain from working? KJV: power to forbear working? INT: authority not to work ``` 1 Corinthians 9:13 V-PPM/P-NMP GRK: τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι τὰ ἐκ NAS: that those who perform sacred services KJV: that they which minister about holy things INT: those sacred working the things of 1 Corinthians 16:10 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: ἔργον Κυρίου ἐργάζεται ὡς κἀγώ NAS: that he is with you without cause to be afraid, for he is doing the Lord's KJV: for he worketh the work INT: work of [the] Lord he works as also I Strong's Greek 2038 41 Occurrences

Answer 630

MAKE MANIFEST - MAKE CLEAR - ILLUMINE ``` φανερόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phaneroó Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-o'-o) Definition: to make visible, make clear Usage: I make clear (visible, manifest), make known. HELPS Word-studies 5319 phaneróō (from 5457 /phṓs, "light") – properly, illumine, make manifest (visible); (figuratively) make plain, in open view; to become apparent ("graspable"). ``` 5319 /phaneróō ("become manifest") in 1 Jn 3:2 1 Jn 3:2: "Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that if (Gk ean) He becomes manifest (5319 /phaneróō), we will be like Him, because (hoti) we will see Him just as (Gk kathōs) He is." —————————————————- ``` φανερός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: phaneros Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-os') Definition: visible, manifest Usage: apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly. ``` —————————————————- φαίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phainó Phonetic Spelling: (fah'-ee-no) Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as. ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 1:20 V-AIP-3S GRK: κατ' ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ λέγων NAS: of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, KJV: of the Lord appeared unto him INT: in a dream appeared to him saying Matthew 2:7 V-PPM/P-GMS GRK: χρόνον τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος NAS: the star appeared. KJV: what time the star appeared. INT: time of the appearing star ``` ``` Matthew 2:13 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: ἄγγελος Κυρίου φαίνεται κατ' ὄναρ NAS: of the Lord appeared to Joseph KJV: of the Lord appeareth to Joseph INT: an angel of [the] Lord appears in a dream ``` ``` Matthew 2:19 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: ἄγγελος Κυρίου φαίνεται κατ' ὄναρ NAS: of the Lord appeared in a dream KJV: of the Lord appeareth in INT: an angel of [the] Lord appears in a dream ``` Matthew 6:5 V-ASP-3P GRK: προσεύχεσθαι ὅπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις NAS: so that they may be seen by men. KJV: that they may be seen of men. Verily INT: to pray so that they might be seen by men ``` Matthew 6:16 V-ASP-3P GRK: αὐτῶν ὅπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις NAS: so that they will be noticed by men KJV: that they may appear unto men INT: of them so that they might appear to men ``` ``` Matthew 6:18 V-ASP-2S GRK: ὅπως μὴ φανῇς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις NAS: that your fasting will not be noticed by men, KJV: That thou appear not unto men INT: so that not you might appear to men ``` ``` Matthew 9:33 V-AIP-3S GRK: λέγοντες Οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως ἐν NAS: has ever been seen in Israel. KJV: It was never so seen in Israel. INT: saying Never was it seen thus in ``` ``` Matthew 13:26 V-AIP-3S GRK: ἐποίησεν τότε ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ NAS: then the tares became evident also. KJV: fruit, then appeared the tares also. INT: produced then appeared also the ``` Matthew 23:27 V-PIM/P-3P GRK: ἔξωθεν μὲν φαίνονται ὡραῖοι ἔσωθεν NAS: on the outside appear beautiful, KJV: which indeed appear beautiful outward, INT: outwardly indeed appear beautiful inside ``` Matthew 23:28 V-PIM/P-2P GRK: ἔξωθεν μὲν φαίνεσθε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις NAS: outwardly appear righteous KJV: outwardly appear righteous INT: outwardly indeed appear to men ``` ``` Matthew 24:27 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: ἀνατολῶν καὶ φαίνεται ἕως δυσμῶν NAS: from the east and flashes even KJV: and shineth even unto INT: east and shines as far as [the] west ``` ``` Matthew 24:30 V-FIP-3S GRK: καὶ τότε φανήσεται τὸ σημεῖον NAS: of Man will appear in the sky, KJV: then shall appear the sign INT: And then will appear the sign ``` ``` Mark 14:64 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: τί ὑμῖν φαίνεται οἱ δὲ NAS: how does it seem to you? And they all KJV: the blasphemy: what think ye? And INT: what to you appears and ``` Mark 16:9 V-AIP-3S GRK: πρώτῃ σαββάτου ἐφάνη πρῶτον Μαρίᾳ NAS: He first appeared to Mary KJV: [day] of the week, he appeared first INT: first [day] of the week he appeared first to Mary Luke 9:8 V-AIP-3S GRK: ὅτι Ἠλίας ἐφάνη ἄλλων δὲ NAS: that Elijah had appeared, and by others KJV: Elias had appeared; and INT: that Elijah had appeared by others also ``` Luke 24:11 V-AIP-3P GRK: καὶ ἐφάνησαν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν NAS: words appeared to them as nonsense, KJV: their words seemed to them INT: And appeared before them ``` ``` John 1:5 V-PIA-3S GRK: τῇ σκοτίᾳ φαίνει καὶ ἡ NAS: The Light shines in the darkness, KJV: And the light shineth in darkness; INT: the darkness shines and the ``` ``` John 5:35 V-PPA-NMS GRK: καιόμενος καὶ φαίνων ὑμεῖς δὲ NAS: that was burning and was shining and you were willing KJV: a burning and a shining light: and INT: burning and shining you moreover ``` Romans 7:13 V-ASP-3S GRK: ἁμαρτία ἵνα φανῇ ἁμαρτία διὰ NAS: in order that it might be shown to be sin KJV: sin, that it might appear sin, working INT: sin that it might appear sin by ``` 2 Corinthians 13:7 V-ASP-1P GRK: ἡμεῖς δόκιμοι φανῶμεν ἀλλ' ἵνα NAS: not that we ourselves may appear approved, KJV: that we should appear approved, but INT: we approved might appear but that ``` ``` Philippians 2:15 V-PIM/P-2P GRK: ἐν οἷς φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες NAS: whom you appear as lights KJV: among whom ye shine as lights INT: among whom you appear as lights ``` Hebrews 11:3 V-PPM/P-GNP GRK: μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων τὸ βλεπόμενον NAS: was not made out of things which are visible. KJV: made of things which do appear. INT: not from [things] appearing the things seen James 4:14 V-PPM/P-NFS GRK: πρὸς ὀλίγον φαινομένη ἔπειτα καὶ NAS: You are [just] a vapor that appears for a little while KJV: that appeareth for a little time, INT: for a little [while] appears then moreover ``` 1 Peter 4:18 V-FIM-3S GRK: ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται NAS: WHAT WILL BECOME OF THE GODLESS MAN KJV: and the sinner appear? INT: sinner where will appear ``` Strong's Greek 5316 31 Occurrences ``` ἐφάνη — 5 Occ. ἐφάνησαν — 1 Occ. φαίνει — 3 Occ. φαίνεσθε — 2 Occ. φαίνεται — 4 Occ. φαίνων — 1 Occ. φαίνωσιν — 1 Occ. φαινομένη — 1 Occ. φαινομένων — 1 Occ. φαινομένου — 1 Occ. φαίνονται — 1 Occ. φαίνοντι — 1 Occ. φανῇ — 3 Occ. φανῇς — 1 Occ. φανήσεται — 1 Occ. φανεῖται — 1 Occ. φανῶμεν — 1 Occ. φανῶσιν — 2 Occ. ```

Answer 631

TO FIND OUT -TO DISCOVER - TO LOCATE - TO KNOW From Ancient Greek ἐξεῦρον (exeûron) aorist of ἐξευρίσκω (exeurískō, “to find out”) from εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”) whence Modern βρίσκω (find) βρίσκω find, discover, locate ξερόλας (xerólas) ξέρω (xéro, “to know”) +‎ όλα (óla, “everything, all”) +‎ -ας (-as, “-er”). Know it all, one who knows everything. Synonyms (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) Derived terms ξέρω ’γω; (xéro ’go?, “I've no idea”, literally “do I know?”) Alternative forms ηξεύρω (ixévro) ξεύρω (xévro) βρίσκω • (vrísko) (past βρήκα, passive βρίσκομαι) find, discover, locate Βρήκαμε το ξενοδοχείο μας. Vríkame to xenodocheío mas. We found our hotel. Καλώς σας βρήκα. Kalós sas vríka. Pleased to meet you. (literally, “Pleased to have found you.”) Βρήκα το Μήτσο κολλημένο στον υπολογιστή! Vríka to Mítso kolliméno ston ypologistí! I found Mitsos stuck on the computer! (passive) see → βρίσκομαι (vrískomai) Verb βρίσκομαι • (vrískomai) passive (past βρέθηκα, active βρίσκω) be located, to find oneself somewhere. Το πλοίο βρίσκεται στο λιμάνι. To ploío vrísketai sto limáni. The ferry is located in the harbour. be found, to be discovered Το χαμένο παιδί βρέθηκε ζωντανό. To chaméno paidí vréthike zontanó. The lost child was found alive. ``` meet, get together Πότε θα βρεθούμε; Póte tha vrethoúme? When shall we meet? (literally, “When shall we find each other?”) ``` ``` Verb εὑρίσκω • (heurískō) I happen upon by chance, find I find out, discover I acquire, fetch, obtain ``` Noun εὕρημᾰ • (heúrēma) n (genitive εὑρήμᾰτος); third declension An invention, a discovery (not by chance but by thought) An invention, for or against things, a remedy An excuse That which is found unexpectedly, a piece of good luck, a windfall A foundling From εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find out”) +‎ -μα (-ma). Adjective εὑρετῐκός • (heuretikós) m (feminine εὑρετῐκή, neuter εὑρετῐκόν); first/second declension inventive, ingenious From εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”) +‎ -τῐκός (-adjective)

Answer 632

KNOW IT ALL παντογνώστης • (pantognóstis) m (plural παντογνώστες, feminine παντογνώστρια) a person who is all-knowing, omniscient πάνσοφος (pánsofos, “omniscient”) Noun παντογνώστης • (pantognóstis) m (plural παντογνώστες, feminine παντογνώστρια) a person who is all-knowing, omniscient Adjective πάνσοφος • (pánsofos) m (feminine πάνσοφη, neuter πάνσοφο) omniscient, all-knowing, pansophic very learned or wise πάνσοφα (pánsofa, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) πανσοφία f (pansofía, “omniscience”) πανσόφως (pansófos, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) (formal) From παν- (pan-, “very, all”) +‎ σοφός (sophós, “wise”).

Answer 633

WISE - WISDOM Adjective σοφός • (sophós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφόν); first/second declension clever, skillful, cunning, able intelligent, wise, prudent LATIN: sapiō sapiō (present infinitive sapere, perfect active sapīvī); third conjugation iō-variant, no passive, no supine stem I taste of, taste like, smack of, have a flavour of. I have good taste or discernment. (figuratively) I am wise, sensible or judicious; I skill, discern. (Medieval Latin) I know. (Medieval Latin) I am able. Unknown. If related to Σίσυφος (Sísuphos) and σαφής (saphḗs, “speaking clearly”), then likely from a substrate. Cognate with Latin sapiō. From Proto-Italic *sapiō, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i- (“to notice”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-. Cognate with Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós), Old English sefa (“mind, spirit, mood”). OLD ENGLISH: sefa sefa m (nominative plural sefan) (poetic) spirit, heart, mind Ealle þa gemoniað mōdes fūsne sefan to sīþe All these things urge him who is eager of spirit to travel. (The Seafarer) From Proto-Germanic *sebô (“mind, sense”) from Proto-Indo-European *sep- (“to try, research”). Root *sep- to taste, to try out Cognate with Old Saxon sevo, Old Norse sefi, Latin sapiō. Noun sapientia f (genitive sapientiae); first declension wisdom, discernment, memory science, skilled practice Etymology sapiēns +‎ -ia. Participle sapiēns (genitive sapientis, comparative sapientior, superlative sapientissimus, adverb sapienter); third-declension one-termination participle discerning, wise, judicious discreet (masculine substantive) a wise man, sage, philosopher -ia f (genitive -iae); first declension Used to form a feminine abstract noun, usually from an adjective or a present participle stem, and occasionally from a root noun. ————————————————- Adjective σᾰφής • (saphḗs) m or f (neuter σᾰφές); third declension (Doric, Ionic, Attic, Koine) (of something seen with the eyes, or of something understood with the mind) clear, distinct (of a person) speaking clearly, reliable ————————————————- Adverb σαφῶς • (saphôs) clearly, distinctly σαφής (saphḗs) +‎ -ως (-ōs) Suffix -ως • (-ōs) Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs ————————————————- Synonyms πᾰντόσοφος (pantósophos, “most clever”) Related terms[edit] ἀσόφῐστος (asóphistos, “not deluded by fallacies”) ἄσοφος (ásophos, “foolish”) αὐτόσοφος (autósophos, “with mother-wit”) ἀφῐλοσόφητος (aphilosóphētos, “not versed in philosophy”) δῐᾰ́σοφος (diásophos, “very wise”) ἔνσοφος (énsophos, “wise in”) ἡμῐ́σοφος (hēmísophos, “half-wise”) μωρόσοφος (mōrósophos, “foolishly wise, sapient fool”) πολῠ́σοφος (polúsophos, “very wise”) σοφῐβόλος (sophibólos, “stupid”) σοφῐστής m (sophistḗs, “expert; philosopher, teacher; swindler”) τρῐ́σοφος (trísophos, “thrice wise: very wise”) ῠ̔πέρσοφος (hupérsophos, “exceedingly wise”) ῠ̔πόσοφος (hupósophos, “sub-scientific”) and see at σοφός (sophós, “wise”) ``` References πάνσοφος Adjective πάνσοφος • (pánsofos) m (feminine πάνσοφη, neuter πάνσοφο) omniscient, all-knowing, pansophic very learned or wise ``` ``` Declension declension of πάνσοφος Synonyms[edit] παντογνώστης (pantognóstis) Related terms[edit] πάνσοφα (pánsofa, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) πανσοφία f (pansofía, “omniscience”) πανσόφως (pansófos, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) (formal) and see at σοφός ``` Alternative forms[edit] πᾰ́σσοφος (pássophos) Etymology[edit] From παν- (pan-, “very, all”) +‎ σοφός (sophós, “wise”). Adjective[edit] πᾰ́νσοφος • (pánsophos) m or f (neuter πᾰ́νσοφον); second declension very wise, very learned αμπελοφιλοσοφία f (ampelofilosofía, “silly, consequential theory, inferior philosophy”) αμπελοφιλόσοφος m (ampelofilósofos, “self-important, consequential thinker”) άσοφα (ásofa, “unwisely”, adverb) άσοφος (ásofos, “unwise”) αφιλοσόφητος (afilosófitos, “not versed in philosophy”) γιατροσόφι n (giatrosófi, “folk medicine”), ιατροσόφιο (iatrosófio) (rare) δοκησισοφία f (dokisisofía, “conceit of wisdom”) δοκησίσοφος (dokisísofos, “wise in one's own conceit”) θεοσοφία f (theosofía, “theosophy”) θεοσοφισμός m (theosofismós, “theosophism”) θυμοσοφία f (thymosofía, “mother wit, practical wisdom”) θυμόσοφος (thymósofos, “with native wit”) ιατροφιλόσοφος m (iatrofilósofos, “physician of older times, occupied with philosophy”) κενόσοφος (kenósofos, “empty of meaningful thinking”) μεταφιλοσοφία f (metafilosofía, “metaphilosophy”) ξυλόσοφος (xylósofos, “would-be philosopher”) (jocular) πάνσοφα (pánsofa, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) πανσοφία f (pansofía, “extreme wisdom, pansophy, omniscience, polymathy”) πάνσοφος (pánsofos, “most wise, pansoph, omniscient, polymath”) πανσόφως (pansófos, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) (formal) σοφά (sofá, “wisely”, adverb) σοφία f (sofía, “wisdom”), Σοφία f (Sofía, “female name: wisdom”) σοφίζομαι (sofízomai, “devise, make out”) σόφισμα n (sófisma, “sophism”) σοφιστεία f (sofisteía, “sophistry”) σοφιστής m (sofistís, “sophist”) σοφιστικέ (sofistiké, “(French): sophistiqué. sophisticated, refined”) (indeclinable) σοφιστική f (sofistikí, “the art and teaching of sophists”) (in singular only) σοφιστικός (sofistikós, “of a sophist”) σοφόκλειος (sofókleios, “referring to the tragic poet Sophocles”) Σοφοκλής m (Sofoklís, “Sophocles”), polytonic script: Σοφοκλῆς σοφολογιότατος (sofologiótatos, “a wise scholar; pedantic”) σοφόν τὸ σαφές (sofón tὸ safés, “(adage) wise is the precise”) (by Euripides) φιλοσοφία f (filosofía, “philosophy”) and derivatives ψευδόσοφος m (psevdósofos, “a fake wise man”) ψευδοφιλόσοφος m (psevdofilósofos, “pseudo-philosopher”)

Answer 634

KNOW-HOW — EXPERTISE From τέχνη + γνώση + ία Noun τεχνογνωσία know-how a set of technical knowledge related to a certain field In general, the term know-how means all, or some part of the concepts, knowledge or experience related to the necessary processes, or methods in the production of products. This term may not be used for all or part of the concepts, knowledge or experience relating to the necessary processes or methods of service delivery. The term transfer of know-how characterizes the transfer of all knowledge required for the application of a production technique or method. The transfer of know-how is distinguished into lawful (legal) which is the object of a commercial transaction as well as illegal, which comes from interception. The latter case is the main object of the so-called "industrial espionage ". The corresponding term for the transfer of know-how, when it comes to offering services, is simply called training . Expertise can be an intangible asset of a business, if and for as long as it is secret. It is protected under the Law of Unfair Competition . Today, the English expression "know-how" is widely used, which was established as an international term identical to know-how.

Answer 635

NOTION έννοια sense, meaning, concept, notion, connotation, construction ιδέα idea, concept, notion, conception, view, ism αντίληψη perception, conception, understanding, notion, comprehension, realization θεωρία theory, doctrine, view, notion, contemplation, speculation γνώμη opinion, mind, notion, counsel, judge

Answer 636

PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW θέα view, sight, scenery, outlook, visibility, ken άποψη view, point of view, aspect, perspective, viewpoint, standpoint όψη view, face, look, facet, sight, visage θεωρία theory, doctrine, view, notion, contemplation, speculation ιδέα idea, concept, notion, conception, view, ism φρόνημα spirit, conviction, view σκοπός purpose, objective, aim, scope, view, end Verb βλέπω see, view, look, behold, sight, perceive θεωρώ consider, regard, view, assume, deem, count

Answer 637

PURPOSE - WILL - HEART - MIND Phronema is a transliteration of the Greek word φρόνημα, which has the meanings of "mind", "spirit", "thought", "purpose", "will", and can have either a positive meaning ("high spirit", "resolution", "pride") or a bad sense ("presumption", "arrogance").[1] In the New Testament, the word is used four times in Saint Paul's Letter to the Romans: twice with "τῆς σαρκός" (of the flesh) and twice with "τοῦ πνεύματος" (of the spirit): "for the mind of the flesh [is] death, and the mind of the Spirit – life and peace; because the mind of the flesh [is] enmity to God ...and He who is searching the hearts hath known what [is] the mind of the Spirit" (Romans 8:6-7,27). φρόνημα • (frónima) n (plural φρονήματα) spirit, belief, conscience morale (plural): beliefs, ideology The term phronema is used in Eastern Orthodox theology for one particular mindset or outlook – the Orthodox mind.[3] The attaining of phronema in this sense is a matter of practicing the correct faith (orthodoxia) in the correct manner (orthopraxis). Attaining phronema is regarded as the first step toward theosis, the state of glorification.

Answer 638

MORALE Noun ηθικό • (ithikó) n (uncountable) morale ``` Related terms see: ήθος n (íthos, “ethos”) See also φρόνημα n (frónima, “spirit, belief”) Noun ήθος • (íthos) n (plural ήθη) ethos (in plural) ethos: social or cultural behaviour ``` αήθης (aḯthis, “unethical”) ηθική f (ithikí, “ethics”) ηθικό n (ithikó, “morale”) ηθικολογία f (ithikología, “priggishness”) ηθικολογικός (ithikologikós, “moralistic”) ηθικολόγος f (ithikológos, “prig”) ηθικολογώ (ithikologó, “to moralise”) ηθικοποίηση f (ithikopoíisi, “moral education”) ηθικοποιώ (ithikopoió, “to improve morally”) ηθικός (ithikós, “ethical”) ηθικότης (ithikótis) ηθικότητα f (ithikótita, “morality”) ηθογραφία f (ithografía, “ethography”) ηθοπλαστικός (ithoplastikós, “morally uplifting”) ηθοποιός (ithopoiós, “actor/actress”) Noun ηθικολογία • (ithikología) f (plural ηθικολογίες) priggishness, moral superiority Noun ηθικολόγος • (ithikológos) m or f (plural ηθικολόγοι) moralist, moraliser prig prig A deliberately superior person; a person who demonstrates an exaggerated conformity or propriety, especially in an irritatingly arrogant or smug manner. (archaic) A conceited dandy; a fop. Noun ηθοποιός • (ithopoiós) m or f (plural ηθοποιοί) (theater, film) actor, thespian, player (figuratively) person being disingenuous, person pretending Formed from ήθος (íthos) and ποιώ (to do, make). ηθοποιΐα f (ithopoiḯa, “acting”) Noun ηθοποιία • (ithopoiía) f (uncountable) (theater, film) acting (the profession) (theater, film) acting (the way in which it is done) (figuratively) exaggerated or pretentious behaviour. Verb ηθικοποιώ • (ithikopoió) (past ηθικοποίησα, passive ηθικοποιούμαι) uplift morals, improve morally Adjective ηθοπλαστικός • (ithoplastikós) m (feminine ηθοπλαστική, neuter ηθοπλαστικό) moralistic, morally uplifting ``` Noun ηθογραφία • (ithografía) f (uncountable) ethography Noun ethography (uncountable) The study and recording of moral behaviour and human manners ``` Noun ηθολογία • (ithología) f (plural ηθολογίες) (biology, psychology) ethology (philosophy) ethics Noun εθολογία • (ethología) f (plural εθολογίες) (biology, psychology) ethology Noun ηθική • (ithikí) f (uncountable) morality, ethics Synonym: ηθ. (ith.) (abbreviation) Adjective ἠθική • (ēthikḗ) feminine nominative/vocative singular of ἠθικός (ēthikós)

Answer 639

PRACTICE Praxis, a transliteration of the Greek word πρᾶξις (derived from the stem of the verb πράσσειν, prassein "to do, to act"), means "practice, action, doing".[1] More particularly, it means either: practice, as distinguished from theory, of an art, science, etc.; or practical application or exercise of a branch of learning; habitual or established practice; custom. Eastern Christian writers, especially those in the Byzantine tradition, use the term "praxis" to refer to what others, using an English rather than a Greek word, call 'practice of the faith', especially with regard to ascetic and liturgical life. Praxis is a key to understanding the Byzantine tradition, which is observed by the Eastern Orthodox Church and some Eastern Catholic Churches. This is because praxis is the basis of the understanding of faith and works as conjoint, without separating the two. The importance of praxis, in the sense of action, is indicated in the dictum of Saint Maximus the Confessor: "Theology without action is the theology of demons." Union with God, to which Eastern Christians hold that Jesus invites mankind, requires not just faith, but correct practice of faith. This idea is found in the Scriptures (1 Cor 11:2, 2 Thes 2:14) and the Church Fathers, and is linked with the term 'praxis' in Byzantine theology and vocabulary.[6] In the context of Orthodoxy, praxis is not mentioned opposite theology, in the sense of 'theory and practice'.[7] Rather, it comprehends all that Orthodox do,[8] and is considered to be 'living Orthodoxy'.[9] Praxis is perhaps most strongly associated with worship. "Orthopraxis" is said to mean "right glory" or "right worship", and is then synonymous with orthodoxy;[10] only correct (or proper) practice, particularly correct worship, is understood as establishing the fulness of glory given to God. This is one of the primary purposes of liturgy (divine labor), the work of the people. Some Byzantine sources maintain that in the West, Christianity has been reduced "to intellectual, ethical or social categories," whereas right worship is fundamentally important in our relationship to God, forming the faithful into the Body of Christ and providing the path to "true religious education."[11] A "symbiosis of worship and work" is considered to be inherent in Byzantine praxis.[12] Fasting, another key part of the practice of the Christian faith, is mentioned as part of Byzantine praxis, in connection with the Sermon on the Mount (Mt 6),[13] and in comparison with the history and commemorations of Lenten fasts.

Answer 640

PUT -SET - PLACE -POSITION (declaration of point of view): άποψη (ápopsi) (declaration of point of view): γνώμη (gnómi) (declaration of point of view): θέση (thési) ``` Verb θέτω • (théto) (past έθεσα, passive τίθεμαι) put set place, position ``` ``` Noun θέση • (thési) f (plural θέσεις) position (a place, location) job, post station, status ``` From Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “placement”) from Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”). Noun θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop συνθέτω Recompose συντίθημι compose ( passive : syntithemai ) I use individual elements to form a complete whole συντίθημι I put together, I put together, add together, combine, compose , attach, seam form, build, syngrafo , invent , contrive, include ( middle voice ) I am composed : I meditate , I make an agreement, I support, I agree , I take someone's place, I add my strengths to his ``` σύνθεσις συνθέτης (στην αρχ. κυρίως ο συγγραφέας) συνθετικός (στην αρχ. ο έμπειρος στη σύνθεση, ο δημιουργικός) σύνθετος συνθήκη σύνθημα ``` αδιαθετώ (adiathetó, “to be unwell”) αθετώ (athetó, “to break your word, to renege”) αθλοθετώ (athlothetó, “to sponsor a prize”) αναθέτω (anathéto, “to assign duties to someone”) ανασυνθετώ (anasynthetó, “to recompose”) ανατοποθετώ (anatopothetó, “to restore”) αντιθέτω (antithéto, “to oppose”) αντιμεταθέτω (antimetathéto, “to transpose”) αντιπαραθέτω (antiparathéto, “to confront, to compare”) αποθέτω (apothéto, “to put down”) αποσυνθέτω (aposynthéto, “to dissociate, to decompose”) αρχειοθετώ (archeiothetó, “to archive”) βαθμοθετώ (vathmothetó, “to mark (something) with degrees”) διαθέτω (diathéto, “to have, to bequeath”) διευθετώ (diefthetó, “to arrange, to adjust”) εκθέτω (ekthéto, “to display, to expose”) εναποθέτω (enapothéto, “to lay down, to put”) ενθέτω (enthéto, “to insert”) επανατοποθετώ (epanatopothetó, “to put down again”) επιθέτω (epithéto, “to put something on something else”) θεσμοθετώ (thesmothetó, “to legislate, to institutionalize”) καταθέτω (katathéto, “to hand in, to deposit”) μεταθέτω (metathéto, “to transfer”) ναρκοθετώ (narkothetó, “to mine”) νομοθετώ (nomothetó, “to legislate”) νουθετώ (nouthetó, “to advise”) ονοματοθετώ (onomatothetó, “to name”) οριοθετώ (oriothetó, “to delimit”) οροθετώ (orothetó, “to delimit”) παραθέτω (parathéto, “to juxtapose, to present, to offer”) παρακαταθέτω (parakatathéto, “to consign”) παρενθέτω (parenthéto, “to insert”) προδιαθέτω (prodiathéto, “to predispose”) προσθέτω (prosthéto, “to add”) προϋποθέτω (proÿpothéto, “to presuppose”) σκηνοθετώ (skinothetó, “to stage”) στοιχειοθετώ (stoicheiothetó, “to compose, to constitute”) συνθέτω (synthéto, “to compose, to summarize”) ταξιθετώ (taxithetó, “to classify, to file”) τοποθετώ (topothetó, “to position, to place”) υιοθετώ (yiothetó, “to adopt”) υποθέτω (ypothéto, “to presume, to suppose”) ψηφοθετώ (psifothetó, “to create a mosaic”) ————————————————— Verb αδιαθετώ • (adiathetó) (past αδιαθέτησα, passive —) be slightly unwell, be out of sorts, feel faint menstruate, have a period ``` Adjective αδιάθετος • (adiáthetos) m (feminine αδιάθετη, neuter αδιάθετο) unwell, indisposed, off-colour menstruating unsold unused ``` Noun αδιαθεσία • (adiathesía) f (plural αδιαθεσίες) indisposition, malaise Synonym: ανημπόρια (animpória) Noun ανημπόρια • (animpória) f (plural ανημπόριες) indisposition, malaise Synonym: αδιαθεσία (adiathesía) Adjective ανήμπορος • (anímporos) m (feminine ανήμπορη, neuter ανήμπορο) poorly, groggy, seedy, indisposed Verb αθλοθετώ • (athlothetó) (past αθλοθέτησα, passive αθλοθετούμαι) (sports) donate, sponsor prize (sports) sponsor, organiser event άθλο • (áthlo) n (plural άθλα) (sports) prize for sporting event (masculine form) Accusative singular form of άθλος (áthlos). αθλοθέτης m (athlothétis, “sports prize donor”) αθλοθέτρια f (athlothétria, “sports prize donor”) αθλοθετώ (athlothetó, “to set up sports prize”) αθλοθεσία f (athlothesía, “the setting up of a sports prize”) αθλοθέτηση f (athlothétisi, “the setting up of a sports prize”) ``` Noun άθλος • (áthlos) m (plural άθλοι) feat, accomplishment οι άθλοι του Ηρακλή oi áthloi tou Iraklí the labours of Heracles exploit, contest task ``` Noun ανδραγάθημα • (andragáthima) n (plural ανδραγαθήματα) heroic feat, act of prowess Synonyms: άθλος (áthlos), κατόρθωμα (katórthoma), επίτευγμα (epítevgma) ανδραγαθώ (andragathó, “to fight bravely”) and see: ανδρεία f (andreía, “bravery”) κατορθώνω (katorthóno, “to manage to”) +‎ -μα (-ma) Noun κατόρθωμα • (katórthoma) n (plural κατορθώματα) feat, accomplishment, deed, achievement tour de force Noun επίτευγμα • (epítevgma) n (plural επιτεύγματα) achievement, success Verb αναθέτω • (anathéto) (past ανέθεσα, passive ανατίθεμαι) assign, allocate (duties and responsibilities) entrust, charge, dedicate Noun ανάθεση • (anáthesi) f (plural αναθέσεις) assignment, dedication Verb ανατοποθετώ • (anatopothetó) (past ανατοποθέτησα, passive ανατοποθετούμαι) replace, restore, put back place again (somewhere else) Noun ανατοποθέτηση • (anatopothétisi) f (plural ανατοποθετήσεις) repositioning ``` Noun τοποθέτηση • (topothétisi) f (plural τοποθετήσεις) position, place in position installation declaration of point of view, of opinion ``` —————————————————— ``` ἀνάθεσις (anáthesis) ἀντένθεσις (anténthesis) ἀντεπίθεσις (antepíthesis) ἀντίθεσις (antíthesis) ἀντιμετάθεσις (antimetáthesis) ἀντιπαράθεσις (antiparáthesis) ἀπόθεσις (apóthesis) διάθεσις (diáthesis) εἴσθεσις (eísthesis) ἔκθεσις (ékthesis) ἐναπόθεσις (enapóthesis) ἔνθεσις (énthesis) ἐπείσθεσις (epeísthesis) ἐπέκθεσις (epékthesis) ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis) ἐπίθεσις (epíthesis) ἐπιπρόσθεσις (epiprósthesis) ἐπισύνθεσις (episúnthesis) ἡμισύνθεσις (hēmisúnthesis) κατάθεσις (katáthesis) μετάθεσις (metáthesis) παράθεσις (paráthesis) παρέκθεσις (parékthesis) παρένθεσις (parénthesis) περίθεσις (períthesis) προδιάθεσις (prodiáthesis) προέκθεσις (proékthesis) πρόθεσις (próthesis) πρόσθεσις (prósthesis) συγκατάθεσις (sunkatáthesis) συναντίθεσις (sunantíthesis) συνεπίθεσις (sunepíthesis) σύνθεσις (súnthesis) ὑπέκθεσις (hupékthesis) ὑπέρθεσις (hupérthesis) ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis) ``` Verb αντιθέτω • (antithéto) (past αντέθεσα, passive αντιτίθεμαι, ppp αντιτεθειμένος) place opposite, oppose Synonym: αντιτάσσω (antitásso) ``` Verb αντιτάσσω • (antitásso) (past αντέταξα, passive αντιτάσσομαι) object, oppose place opposite, oppose Synonym: αντιθέτω (antithéto) contrast ``` Verb αντιμεταθέτω • (antimetathéto) (past αντιμετέθεσα) swap, transpose Verb αντιπαραθέτω • (antiparathéto) (past αντιπαρέθεσα/αντιπαράθεσα, passive αντιπαρατίθεμαι) juxtapose, compare Verb αντιπαραβάλλω • (antiparavállo) (past αντιπαρέβαλα, passive αντιπαραβάλλομαι) contrast, juxtapose Learnedly, from Ancient Greek ἀντιπαραβάλλω (antiparabállō). Morphologically αντι- (“counter-”) +‎ παραβάλλω (“compare”). Verb παραβάλλω • (paravállo) (past παρέβαλα, passive παραβάλλομαι) compare parallel, collate Learnedly, from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰβᾰ́λλω (parabállō, “I set side by side”). Morphologically παρά- (pará-, “beside”) +‎ βάλλω (vállo, “to throw”). αντιπαραβάλλω (antiparavállo, “juxtapose”) αντιπαραβολή f (antiparavolí) απαράβλητος (aparávlitos, “uncomparable”) παραβολή (paravolí, “parabola, parable, comparison”) παραβολικός (paravolikós, “parabolic”) παράβολο n (parávolo) παραβολοειδής (paravoloeidís, “parabolical”) παρεμβάλλω (paremvállo) Noun αντιπαράθεση • (antiparáthesi) f (plural αντιπαράθεσες) confrontation, juxtaposition Adjective αντιπαραθετικός • (antiparathetikós) m (feminine αντιπαραθετική, neuter αντιπαραθετικό) juxtaposed Verb αρχειοθετώ • (archeiothetó) (past αρχειοθέτησα) file, archive see: αρχείο n (archeío, “archive”) ``` Noun αρχείο • (archeío) n (plural αρχεία) archive file journal (daily record) ``` Related terms αρχειοθετώ (archeiothetó, “to file, to archive”) αρχειοθήκη f (archeiothíki, “filing cabinet”) αρχειοφύλακας m (archeiofýlakas, “archivist”) Noun ημερολόγιο • (imerológio) n calendar (system for calculating days of the year) σεληνιακό ημερολόγιο, Γρηγοριανό ημερολόγιο, κλπ (lunar calendar, Gregorian calendar, etc) calendar (wall chart showing months day-by-day) diary, journal (personal daily record of someone's life) ledger, journal(daily record of financial transactions) το ημερολόγιο της Άννας Φρανκ (the diary of Anne Frank) (nautical) ship's log Related terms ημερολογιακός (imerologiakós, “calendrical”) See also[edit] πρόγραμμα n (prógramma, “calendar of events for the year”) αρχείο n (archeío, “diary, journal”) ``` Verb εκθέτω • (ekthéto) (past εξέθεσα, passive εκτίθεμαι) exhibit, display expound, report, write up compromise ``` Verb καταθέτω • (katathéto) (past κατέθεσα, passive κατατίθεμαι) register, submit, lodge, file, hand in Θα καταθέσω αγωγή για αποζημίωση. Tha katathéso agogí gia apozimíosi. I'll file a lawsuit for damages. Κατέθεσε την παραίτησή του. Katéthese tin paraítisí tou. He handed in his resignation. (finance) deposit Καταθέτει τα χρήματα σ’ έναν λογαριασμό ταμιευτηρίου. Katathétei ta chrímata s’ énan logariasmó tamieftiríou. He deposited the money in a savings account. (law) testify, give evidence Verb πρωτοκολλώ • (protokolló) (past πρωτοκόλλησα, passive πρωτοκολλώμαι/πρωτοκολλούμαι, p‑past πρωτοκολλήθηκα, ppp πρωτοκολλημένος) register on the official logbook that keeps records of incoming and outgoing documents Η αίτησή σας πρωτοκολλήθηκε με αριθμό πρωτοκόλλου 145. I aítisí sas protokollíthike me arithmó protokóllou 145. Your application has been registered with protocol number 145. and see: πρώτος (prótos, “first”) & κολλάω, κολλώ (kolláo, kolló, “glue, stick”) Verb κολλάω • (kolláo) / κολλώ (imperfect κολλούσα/κόλλαγα, past κόλλησα, passive κολλιέμαι, p‑past κολλήθηκα, ppp κολλημένος) (transitive) glue, attach, affix, stick (transitive, figuratively) infect (transitive, figuratively) pester Μη μου κολλάς! Με έχεις τρελάνει! Mi mou kollás! Me écheis trelánei! Stop bugging me! You are driving me crazy! (intransitive) be glued, be attached, be affixed, be stuck (intransitive, figuratively) be infected ``` Noun κόλλα • (kólla) f (plural κόλλες) glue, gum sizing, size flour paste, starch paste, starch glue ``` ``` Noun κόλλημα • (kóllima) n action or result of fixing, bonding two things together with some third material: soldering glueing fixation (state of mind) (colloquial) sexual harassment ``` (bonding): κόλληση f (kóllisi) Noun αμυλόκολλα • (amylókolla) n (plural αμυλόκολλες) flour paste, starch paste, starch glue sizing, size οξυγονοκολλώ (oxygonokolló, “to weld”) ξεκολλάω (xekolláo, “unglue”), ξεκολλώ (xekolló) συγκολλώ (sygkolló, “to solder”) χαλκοκολλώ (chalkokolló, “to braze”) Related terms[edit] κόλληση f (kóllisi, “process of glueing”) κόλλημα n (kóllima, “glueing, glued joint”) κολλητός (kollitós) κολλώδης (kollódis) and see: κόλλα f (kólla, “glue, adhesive”) πρωτόκολλο • (protókollo) n (plural πρωτόκολλα) protocol, diplomatic document about the relationships and agreements between states and their representatives logbook recording the issue and return of documents πρωτοκολλώ (protokolló, “to record”) Verb μεταθέτω • (metathéto) (past μετέθεσα) transfer, shift, transpose Verb προσθέτω • (prosthéto) (past πρόσθεσα, passive προστίθεμαι/προσθέτομαι) add, append, extend (mathematics) add Antonyms (mathematics): αφαιρώ (afairó, “to subtract”) See also[edit] αθροίζω (athroízo, “to add up, to sum”) Verb τοποθετώ • (topothetó) (past τοποθέτησα, passive τοποθετούμαι, p‑past τοποθετήθηκα, ppp τοποθετημένος) place, position ``` Noun τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι) place, location, locality country native land home town space, room (occupied by something) soil, land (mathematics) locus (set of points) ``` αγριότοπος m (agriótopos, “wild country, wilderness”) τοποθεσία f (topothesía, “position, place”) τοποθετώ (topothetó, “to position”) κοινός τόπος m (koinós tópos, “commonplace”) Verb υιοθετώ • (yiothetó) (past υιοθέτησα, passive υιοθετούμαι) adopt (a child) (figuratively) adopt, endorse (an idea or policy) Morphologically, from υιός (yiós, “son”) (υἱός (huiós)) + θέτω (théto, “put, place”) (from τίθημι (títhēmi)). Verb εγκολπώνομαι • (egkolpónomai) deponent (past εγκολπώθηκα) (formal) adopt, espouse (theories, ideals etc) Verb ενστερνίζομαι • (ensternízomai) deponent (past ενστερνίστηκα/ενστερνίσθηκα) adopt, embrace (principles, ideals, values, etc) Verb ασπάζομαι • (aspázomai) deponent (past ασπάστηκα/ασπάσθηκα) (literary) kiss Synonyms: ανασπάζομαι (anaspázomai), φιλώ (filó) (figuratively) embrace, espouse (theories, ideals) Synonyms: αγκαλιάζω (agkaliázo), εγκολπώνομαι (egkolpónomai), ενστερνίζομαι (ensternízomai) greet, hail Verb υποθέτω • (ypothéto) (past υπέθεσα) suppose, guess —————————————————— Noun ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς • (antíthesis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως); third declension opposition, resistance contradiction (rhetoric) antithesis (grammar) change or transposition of a letter Noun αντίθεση • (antíthesi) f (plural αντιθέσεις) opposite, antithesis opposition, clash Adjective αντίθετος • (antíthetos) m (feminine αντίθετη, neuter αντίθετο) opposite, contrary, backward αντίθετο φύλο ― antítheto fýlo ― opposite sex Adverb αντίθετα • (antítheta) on the contrary, contrariwise Noun ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension (grammar) Insertion of a letter. From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (epentíthēmi, “I insert”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis, verbal noun suffix). ``` Noun πᾰρένθεσῐς • (parénthesis) f (genitive πᾰρενθέσεως); third declension a putting in beside, injection insertion (grammar) parenthesis ``` From πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ (parentíthēmi, “I put in beside, mix up”) +‎ -σις (-sis), from πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “beside”) + ἐν (en, “in”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I put, place”) Noun σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis (mathematics) addition agreement, treaty collection From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Verb συντίθημῐ • (suntíthēmi) to assemble, put together ``` Verb σύγκειμαι • (súnkeimai) (in passive) to lie together (functioning as the passive of συντίθημι (suntíthēmi)) to be composed, be compounded; to be contrived, concocted to be agreed on ``` Antonym ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure From ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”) +‎ -σις (-sis). ``` Noun ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension proposal, proposed action; policy, intention suggestion, advice purpose occasion, excuse, pretext actor's role function, occupation, station subject proposed for discussion lawsuit, legal case subject, topic speech play, pantomime supposition, assumption, hypothesis presupposition premise starting point raw material mortgage placing under base (thing placed under another) ``` From ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (hupotíthēmi, “I place under, set before, suggest”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis), from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “below”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “to put, place”).

Answer 641

IMPLEMENT implement I execute a plan , taking concrete steps to make it a reality. implement (n.) mid-15c., "supplementary payment, amount needed to complete repayment," from Late Latin implementem "a filling up" (as with provisions) from Latin implere "to fill, fill up, make full; fatten; fulfill, satisfy," from assimilated form of in- "into, in, on, upon" from PIE root *en "in") + plere "to fill" (from PIE root *pele- (1) "to fill"). Sense of "workman's tool, utensil of a trade, things necessary to do work" is 1530s. The underlying connection of the senses is "whatever may supply a want, that which fills up a need." Related: Implemental; implements. * pele- (1) * pelə-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to fill," with derivatives referring to abundance and multitude. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit purvi "much," prayah "mostly;" Avestan perena-, Old Persian paru "much;" Greek polys "much, many," plethos "people, multitude, great number," ploutos "wealth;" Latin plus "more," plenus "full;" Lithuanian pilus "full, abundant;" Old Church Slavonic plunu; Gothic filu "much," Old Norse fjöl-, Old English fela, feola "much, many;" Old English folgian; Old Irish lan, Welsh llawn "full;" Old Irish il, Welsh elu "much." It forms all or part of: accomplish; complete; compliment; comply; depletion; expletive; fele; fill; folk; full (adj.); gefilte fish; hoi polloi; implement; manipulation; nonplus; plebe; plebeian; plebiscite; pleiotropy; Pleistocene; plenary; plenitude; plenty; plenum; plenipotentiary; pleo-; pleonasm; plethora; Pliocene; pluperfect; plural; pluri-; plus; Pollux; poly-; polyamorous; polyandrous; polyclinic; polydactyl; polydipsia; Polydorus; polyethylene; polyglot; polygon; polygraph; polygyny; polyhedron; polyhistor; polymath; polymer; polymorphous; Polynesia; polyp; Polyphemus; polyphony; polysemy; polysyllabic; polytheism; replenish; replete; supply; surplus; volkslied. *en Proto-Indo-European root meaning "in." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit antara- "interior;" Greek en "in," eis "into," endon "within;" Latin in "in, into," intro "inward," intra "inside, within;" Old Irish in, Welsh yn, Old Church Slavonic on-, Old English in "in, into," inne "within, inside."

Answer 642

EXECUTE From Ancient Greek ἐκτελῶ (ektelô, “to complete, to bring to an end”), from ἐκ (ek, “from, out of”) + τέλος (télos, “completion, end”). From Latin: exsequi from ex- "out" (see ex-) + sequi "follow" from PIE root *sekw- (1) "to follow"). Verb ἐκτελῶ • (ektelô) Contracted form of ἐκτελέω (ekteléō) εκτελώ • (ekteló) (past εκτέλεσα/εξετέλεσα, passive εκτελούμαι) (transitive) carry out, execute, do (put into effect) Εκτέλεσα τις εντολές του. Ektélesa tis entolés tou. I carried out his orders. Εκτελώ τα καθήκοντά μου. Ekteló ta kathíkontá mou. I do my duty. (transitive, law) execute, kill (put to death, both by judicial process or unlawfully) Εκτελέστηκε δι' αποκεφαλισμού. Ekteléstike di' apokefalismoú. He was executed by beheading. Η τρομοκρατική οργάνωση εκτέλεσε νεαρό. I tromokratikí orgánosi ektélese nearó. The terrorist group killed a young person. (transitive, music) perform, execute (give a performance of) Εκτέλεσαν άψογα το κομμάτι του Μότσαρτ. Ektélesan ápsoga to kommáti tou Mótsart. They performed Mozart's piece brilliantly. ἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive) (of place) (of motion) Out of, from from, with the source of to denote change from one place or condition to another to express separation of distinction from a number (of position) outside, beyond (of time) from, since (of particular points of time) just, after during, in (of origin) (of materials) made out of something (of descent, parentage) descended from (of causation) done by someone, something of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done from, according to turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb (with numerals) in such an order Preposition δῐέκ • (diék) (governs the genitive) (Epic) out through ``` διά (diá) +‎ ἐκ (ek) Preposition δῐᾰ́ • (diá) (governs the genitive and accusative) (+ genitive) (of a place) in a line through in the midst of, between along at intervals of, at every (time) between after every (interval of time) (causality) through, by (attested from 1st century B.C.E.) out of (materials from which something is made) (+ accusative) (of a place, poetic) through, among (time) during (causality) thanks to, by aid of because of for the sake of ``` from Proto-Indo-European *dwís (related to δίς (dís, “twice”) and δύο (dúo, “two”)). ``` Adverb ἐκτός • (ektós) without, outside, out (absolute) external, strange, vulgar out ``` Preposition ἐκτός • (ektós) (governs the genitive) out of, far from Old Irish acht Cognate with Old Irish acht (“but, provided that”). Noun acht m (genitive singular achta, nominative plural achtanna) decree, enactment compact condition ``` Old Irish acht Preposition acht (plus nominative, triggers no mutation) Obsolete spelling of ach (“except, but”) Adverb[edit] acht ``` Old Irish acht Obsolete spelling of ach (“but, only, merely”) Borrowed from Latin āctus. From agō (“do, make, drive”) +‎ -tus (“suffix forming fourth declension action nouns from verbs”). Noun āctus m (genitive āctūs); fourth declension act, action, doing, deed performance, behavior a cattle drive, the act of driving cattle or a cart a cattle path or narrow cart track (historical units of measure) An actus: a former Roman unit of length equal to 120 Roman feet (about 35.5 m) (historical units of measure) An actus: a former Roman unit of area equivalent to a square with sides of 1 actus (about 0.125 ha) Noun τέλος • (télos) n (genitive τέλους or τέλεος); third declension completion, accomplishment, fulfillment, perfection, consummation result, product end end of life: death boundary, border, extremity supreme power the highest government office: magistrate that which is ordered to be done: task, duty money paid to the government: tax, toll a person's property, according to which he was classed thus, generally: rank, class unit of soldiers: legion, company initiation (especially into mystery religions) mystery religion any religious ceremony ``` Related terms κύκλος (kúklos) πάλαι (pálai) πάλιν (pálin) πέλω (pélō) πόλος (pólos) τέλλω (téllō) τῆλε (têle) ``` ``` Adjective εὐτελής • (eutelḗs) m or f (neuter εὐτελές); third declension cheap, easily paid for slight, easy mean, paltry, worthless thrifty, frugal ``` ``` Adjective ἐντελής • (entelḗs) m or f (neuter ἐντελές); third declension complete, full (of victims) perfect, unblemished (of equipment) in good condition (of men) full-grown, developed possessing full rights qualified to hold public office subject to taxes or tributes ``` From ἐν- (“in”) +‎ τέλος (“accomplishment, fulfilment; end”) +‎ -ής (adjectives and nouns). Adjective πολῠτελής • (polutelḗs) m or f (neuter πολῠτελές); third declension very expensive, precious, costly luxurious, extravagant From πολυ- (multi-, poly-) +‎ τέλος (télos) +‎ -ής (Adj. Or Nouns) Adjective τέλειος • (téleios) m (feminine τελείᾱ, neuter τέλειον); first/second declension τέλειος • (téleios) m or f (neuter τέλειον); second declension having reached its end, finished (of victims) complete, perfect, entire, without blemish (of animals and humans) full-grown, adult (of persons) absolute, complete, accomplished, perfect (of things) (of prayers, vows, etc.) fulfilled, accomplished (of numbers) full, complete (in arithmetic) those numbers which are equal to the sum of their divisors the third bowl offered to Zeus (of the gods) perfect, omnipotent, infinite last (neuter substantive) a royal banquet (feminine substantive) a full stop, period (adverb) at last completely, absolutely (the neuter is also used as an adverb) Verb τελειόω • (teleióō) (of things, acts, works, time) to make perfect, complete, accomplish (in logic) to complete, make perfect the form or species (passive, of prophecies) to be fulfilled (of persons) to bring to perfection or consummation (passive) to be made perfect (intransitive) to bring fruit to maturity, come to maturity. From τέλειος (“finished”) +‎ -όω (added you a noun to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning) from τέλος (télos, “end”) Adjective τελήεις • (telḗeis) m (feminine τελήεσσᾰ, neuter τελῆεν); first/second declension (of sacrificial victims) complete, perfect, entire, without blemish (of animals and humans) full-grown, adult From τέλος (télos, “end”) +‎ -εις (-eis, “-ful”). Suffix - εις • (-eis) m (feminine -εσσᾰ, neuter -εν); first/third declension - ful Suffix Latin: -ōsus -ōsus (feminine -ōsa, neuter -ōsum); first/second-declension suffix -ose, -ous; full of, overly, prone to. Used to form adjectives from nouns. Suffix Latin: -entus -entus (feminine -enta, neuter -entum); first/second-declension suffix adjective-forming suffix meaning abounding in, full of Derived terms - ilentus - olentus - ulentus ———————————————————————- execute (v.) late 14c. "to carry into effect" (transitive, mostly in law with reference to warrants, sentences, etc.), also "carry out or accomplish a course of action" (intransitive) from Old French executer (14c.) from Medieval Latin executare from Latin execut-/exsecut- past participle stem of exequi/exsequi "to follow out to follow to the grave," figuratively "to follow, follow after, accompany, follow up, prosecute, carry out, enforce; execute, accomplish; punish, avenge," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + sequi "follow" from PIE root *sekw- (1) "to follow"). Meaning "to inflict capital punishment" is from late 15c., from earlier legal sense "perform judgment or sentence on" (early 15c.). Related: Executed; executing. *sekw- (1) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to follow." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sacate "accompanies, follows;" Avestan hacaiti, Greek hepesthai "to follow;" Latin: sequi "to follow, come after," Latin: secundus "second, the following;" Lithuanian seku, sekti "to follow;" Old Irish sechim "I follow." It forms all or part of: associate; association; consequence; consequent; dissociate; ensue; execute; extrinsic; intrinsic; obsequious; persecute; persecution; prosecute; pursue; second (adj.) "next after first;" second (n.) "one-sixtieth of a minute;" sect; secundine; segue; sequacious; sequel; sequence; sequester; sociable; social; society; socio-; subsequent; sue; suit; suite; suitor; tocsin.

Answer 643

PERFORMED IMPECCABLY - FAULTLESS - FLAWLESS Adjective άψογος • (ápsogos) m (feminine άψογη, neuter άψογο) impeccable, faultless, flawless άψογα (ápsoga, “faultlessly”) Adverb άψογα • (ápsoga) impeccably, immaculately

Answer 644

ORGANIZATION From Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“work”). Compare ἔργον (érgon, “work, deed”). ``` Part of speech Translation Reverse translations Frequency help_outline Noun οργάνωση organization ``` οργανισμός organism, organization, set-up διοργάνωση organization σωματείο organization, corporation Noun ἔργον • (érgon) n (genitive ἔργου); second declension deed, doing, action labour, work, task Cognates include Old English weorc (English work) ``` Noun weorc n work, in various senses, including: labor a creation, such as a building or a work of art act, deed Weorc sprecaþ swīðor þonne word. Actions speak louder than words. ``` Noun ġeweorc n work (something done or made) fort, fortress From ġe- (intensifier) +‎ weorc (labor, task, work) From Proto-West Germanic *werk Work From Proto-Germanic *werką English: work (heading, uncountable) Effort. Effort expended on a particular task. Synonyms: see Thesaurus:work Holding a brick over your head is hard work. It takes a lot of work to write a dictionary. Sustained human effort to overcome obstacles and achieve a result. We know what we must do. Let's go to work. Something on which effort is expended. There's lots of work waiting for me at the office. (physics) A measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance. No work is done if the object does not move. Work is done against friction to drag a bag along the ground. (physics, more generally) A measure of energy that is usefully extracted from a process. Sustained effort to achieve a goal or result, especially overcoming obstacles. (heading) Product; the result of effort. (uncountable, often in combination) The result of a particular manner of production. (uncountable, often in combination) Something produced using the specified material or tool. Noun όργανο • (órgano) n (plural όργανα) (medicine, anatomy) body organ Η καρδιά είναι ένα όργανο του ανθρώπινου σώματος. The heart is an organ of the human body. (music) any musical instrument μουσικό όργανο (music) pipe organ Synonym: εκκλησιαστικό όργανο (ekklisiastikó órgano) equipment, appliance (informal appellative or vocative for policeman) officer Derived terms αισθητήριο όργανο n (aisthitírio órgano, “sense organ”) αναπαραγωγικό όργανο n (anaparagogikó órgano, “reproductive organ, sex organ”) οργανικός m (organikós, “organic”) οργάνωση f (orgánosi, “organisation”) πνευστό όργανο n (pnefstó órgano, “wind instrument”) ``` Noun ὄργᾰνον • (órganon) n (genitive ὀργᾰ́νου); second declension instrument, implement, tool sense organ musical instrument the material of a work (e.g. timber) the product of a work (e.g. lumber) ```

Answer 645

PURPOSE σκοπός see: σκοπός m (skopós, “observer, watcher, aim, goal”) ``` Noun σκοπός • (skopós) m (plural σκοποί) goal (aim, desired result) guard (occupation) tune, melody ``` αντικατασκοπεία f (antikataskopeía, “counterintelligence”) σκόπευση f (skópefsi, “aim, aiming”) σκοπευτήριο n (skopeftírio, “rifle range”) σκοπευτής m (skopeftís, “marksman”) σκοπευτικός (skopeftikós, “shooting”) σκοπεύτρια f (skopéftria, “markswoman”) σκόπευτρο n (skópeftro, “viewfinder”) σκοπεύω (skopévo, “aim, aim at”) σκοπιά f (skopiá, “observation post, watchtower”) Verb σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (past σκόπευσα, passive —) aim, take aim aim, intend —————————————————- Translations of purpose σκοπός purpose, objective, aim, scope, view, end πρόθεση intention, intent, purpose, preposition, intension, scope προορισμός destination, purpose, destiny, predestination, bourn, preordination Verb σκοπεύω intend, aim, mean, train on, drive at, purpose ——————————————————- INTENTION προτίθεμαι intend, propose, tend to, purpose Noun πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) (grammar) preposition intent, intention, purpose From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis, “purpose”). Adjective προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m (feminine προθετῐκή, neuter προθετῐκόν); first/second declension of or for prefixing; prepositional From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) +‎ -ικός (-adjectives). ——————————————————- Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis, “purpose”). ``` from Latin praepositio, praepositionem from praepono (“to place before”). ``` Verb praepōnō (present infinitive praepōnere, perfect active praeposuī, supine praepositum); third conjugation I place in command, in front of or before. From prae- +‎ pōnō Prefix prae- before; in front in charge ``` Verb pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp) ``` Latin: pōnō Equivalent to po- (“off, away”) +‎ sinō (“I put, set down, lay down”) Prefix po- off, away Verb sinō (present infinitive sinere, perfect active sīvī or siī, supine situm); third conjugation (with accusative of person and infinitive) I let, permit, allow, suffer. I put, lay, set down. Verb ponere to put, place προσέχω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: prosechó Phonetic Spelling: (pros-ekh'-o) Definition: to hold to, turn to, attend to Usage: (a) I attend to, pay attention to, (b) I beware, am cautious, (c) I join, devote myself to. 4337 proséxō (from 4314 /prós, "towards" and 2192 /éxō, "have") – properly, have towards, i.e. to give full attention; to set a course and keep to it. from πρός (“before”) and ἔχω (“have,hold, possess”) ``` πρός Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: pros Phonetic Spelling: (pros) Definition: advantageous for, at (denotes local proximity), toward (denotes motion toward a place) Usage: to, towards, with. ``` ``` ἔχω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: echó Phonetic Spelling: (ekh'-o) Definition: to have, hold Usage: I have, hold, possess. ``` intent (n.) "purpose," early 13c., from Old French entent, entente "goal, end, aim, purpose; attention, application," and directly from Latin intentus "a stretching out," in Late Latin "intention, purpose," noun use of past participle of intendere "stretch out, lean toward, strain," literally "to stretch out" (see intend). In law, "state of mind with respect to intelligent volition" entente (n.) "an understanding," 1854, from French éntente "an understanding," from Old French entente "intent, intention; attention; aim, goal" (12c.), noun use of fem. past participle of entendre "to direct one's attention" (see intent). intend (v.) c. 1300, entenden, "direct one's attention to, pay attention, give heed," from Old French entendre, intendre "to direct one's attention" (in Modern French principally "to hear"), from Latin intendere "turn one's attention, strain (in quest of something), be zealous," literally "stretch out, extend," from in- "toward" (from PIE root *en "in") + tendere "to stretch," from PIE root *ten- "to stretch." Sense of "have as a plan, have in mind or purpose" (late 14c.) was present in Latin. A Germanic word for this was ettle, from Old Norse ætla "to think, conjecture, propose," from Proto-Germanic *ahta "consideration, attention" (source also of Old English eaht, German acht). Related: Intended; intending. —————————————————— ``` προορισμός Noun destination • ( proorismós ) m ( plural destinations ) destination mission , aim , purpose ``` destination ( plural destinations ) ( archaic ) The act of destining or appointing . Purpose for which anything is destined; predetermined end, object, or use; ultimate design. The place set for the end of a journey , or to which something is sent; place or point aimed at. From Latin dēstinātiō , from dēstinō ( “ to destine ” ) . ``` Latin: dēstinō Verb dēstinō (present infinitive dēstināre, perfect active dēstināvī, supine dēstinātum); first conjugation I bind, fasten, secure, fix I establish, determine, resolve, consider, predict I intend, devote I appoint, choose, elect (archery) I aim at ``` From de- +‎ *stanō the latter an unattested verb from Proto-Italic *stanō from Proto-Indo-European *stnéh₂ti ~ stn̥h₂énti. Related to stō. Verb *stnéh₂ti (imperfective) to place, to stand From *steh₂- +‎ *-né- Root *steh₂- (perfective) to stand (up) from Old English: standan (“to stand, occupy a place, be valid, stand good, be, exist, take place, consist, be fixed, remain undisturbed, stand still, cease to move, remain without motion, stop, maintain one’s position, not yield to pressure, reside, abide, continue, remain, not to fall, be upheld”) (heading) To position or be positioned physically. (intransitive) To occupy or hold a place; to be set, placed, fixed, located, or situated. (heading) To position or be positioned mentally. (intransitive, copulative) To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe. (intransitive, copulative) To maintain an invincible or permanent attitude; to be fixed, steady, or firm; to take a position in resistance or opposition. (intransitive, copulative, obsolete) To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist. (heading) To position or be positioned socially. (transitive) To undergo; withstand; hold up. The works of Shakespeare have stood the test of time. (intransitive) To have or maintain a position, order, or rank; to be in a particular relation. Christian charity, or love, stands first in the rank of gifts. (trust law) “standing” to have a beneficial interest in the matter. ————————————————- DESTINE - DESTINY - DESTINED Verb προορίζω destine, foreordain, predestinate, design for, intend for, appropriate ``` προορίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: proorizó Phonetic Spelling: (pro-or-id'-zo) Definition: to predetermine, foreordain Usage: I foreordain, predetermine, mark out beforehand. ``` 4309 proorízō (from 4253 /pró, "before" and 3724 /horízō, "establish boundaries, limits") – properly, pre-horizon, pre-determine limits (boundaries) predestine. [4309 (proorízō) occurs six times in the NT (eight in the writings of Paul). Since the root (3724 /horízō) already means "establish boundaries," the added prefix (pro, "before") makes 4309 (proorízō) "to pre-establish boundaries," i.e. before creation.] from pro and horizó ``` πρό Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: pro Phonetic Spelling: (pro) Definition: before Usage: (a) of place: before, in front of, (b) of time: before, earlier than. ``` horizó: to mark off by boundaries, to determine Original Word: ὁρίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horizó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-id'-zo) Definition: to mark off by boundaries, to determine Usage: I separate, mark off by boundaries; I determine, appoint, designate. 3724 horízō (from horos, "boundary, limit") – properly, to set boundaries (limits) – literally, "determine horizons" (boundaries). 3724 /horízō ("designate limits, boundaries") refers to the Lord (literally) "horizoning" all the physical scenes of life before creation. This guarantees God works each in conjunction with His eternal purpose (providence, see 4286 /próthesis). [The English term "horizon" ("horizoning") comes from 3724 (horízō), "to set limits." 4309 /proorízō ("pre-horizon, pre-determine") emphasizes God's eternality with its correlations, as operating in His perfect wisdom, absolute foreknowledge, etc.).] ``` ὅριον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: horion Phonetic Spelling: (hor'-ee-on) Definition: a boundary Usage: the boundaries of a place, hence: districts, territory. ``` from ὅρος (boundary) Border, coast. a bound, limit, in the N. T. always in plural boundaries (borders) equivalent to region, district, land, territory. Noun ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension boundary, limit, frontier, landmark marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press rule, standard term, definition goal, end, aim Latin: urvō (present infinitive urvāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem (intransitive) I trace (especially, the walls surrounding a new settlement)

Answer 646

TO MASTER - CATECHESIS - CATECHISM (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) ``` Verb κᾰτέχω • (katékhō) to hold down to restrain (in middle) to pause, make a stop to detain to seize, confiscate ``` κατα- (down-) +‎ ἔχω (have, hold, possess) ``` Prefix κᾰτᾰ- • (kata-) back downwards against fully, completely ``` Prefix κατα- • (kata-), κατά- (katá-) from Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “down, into, against”). [1] added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is down in a downward direction: κατα- (kata-) + ‎βάση (vási, “basis, base”) → ‎κατάβαση (katávasi, “descent”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎βρόχθος (vróchthos, “throat (Ancient Greek)”) → ‎καταβροχθίζω (katavrochthízo, “to gobble, to devour, to wolf down”) [2] added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something to a great degree or intensity: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎μαύρος (mávros, “black”) → ‎κατάμαυρος (katámavros, “jet-black”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎άσπρος (áspros, “white”) → ‎κάτασπρος (kátaspros, “snow white, completely white”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎φως (fos, “light”) → ‎κατάφωτος (katáfotos, “ablaze”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎πτύω (ptýo, “to spit (Ancient Greek)”) → ‎κατάπτυστος (katáptystos, “foul, villainous, worthy of spitting on”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎κλέβω (klévo, “to steal, to rob”) → ‎κατακλέβω (kataklévo, “to rob blind”) [3] added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something is against a person to a great degree: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎γελώ (geló, “to laugh”) → ‎καταγελώ (katageló, “to laugh at, to mock”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎δικάζω (dikázo, “to judge”) → ‎καταδικάζω (katadikázo, “to condemn, to convict”) ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎αναγκάζω (anagkázo, “to compel, to necessitate”) → ‎καταναγκάζω (katanagkázo, “to force someone”) (geology) added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something that is under or before: ‎κατα- (kata-) + ‎αρχαιοζωικός (archaiozoïkós, “Archaean”) → ‎καταρχαιοζωικός (katarchaiozoïkós, “Hadean, pre-Archaean”) ———————————————- Verb ἔχω • (ékhō) I have, possess, contain, own I possess mentally, understand I keep, have charge of (with accusative of place) I inhabit (of place) I keep (to the left/right) of I involve, admit of I hold I hold fast, grip (of arms and clothes) I bear, wear (of a woman) I am pregnant I hold a course, guide, drive, steer I hold back, stay, check (with infinitive) I have means to do, I am able I have to, must (followed by a dependent clause) I know (impersonal) there is (intransitive) I hold myself, keep balanced I hold fast (with genitive) I keep from I am (with adverbs of manner) I am, I happen (with εὖ and genitive of manner) I am well off for something; I abound in it (post-Homeric, with aorist participle) I keep (doing something) (middle) I hold myself fast, cling closely to I come next to, follow closely, neighbor I depend I am connected with by etymology I pertain to I bear or hold for myself I maintain myself, stand my ground (with accusative) I repel from myself I keep myself back, abstain from, refrain from ————————————————- κατήχηση ἠχέω verb (“to echo”) ἠχέω και συνηρημένο ἠχῶ. I echo and I cooperatively resonate. ( transitional ) I do something to sound, to be heard ( impassable ) I echo , I make noise, I click , I thunder ἠχῶ (‘Echo”) Re-Sound, resonate. συνηρημένο (passive form of “synergy”) (“Restrained”) Antonyms ungrateful συναιρώ ( passive voice : συναιρούμαι ) ( grammar ) I bring synergy συναιρῶ conservative form of conjure ``` συνεργία Noun συνεργία • (synergía) f (plural συνεργίες) synergy, collaboration (law) complicity ``` ``` σύνεργα n pl (sýnerga, “tools, tackle”) συνεργάτης m (synergátis, “coworker”) συνεργείο n (synergeío, “garage, workshop”) συνεργός m (synergós, “accomplice”) συνεργώ (synergó, “to be an accessory”) ``` Noun συνεργός • (synergós) m or f (plural συνεργοί) coworker working together (law) accessory accomplice (associate in the commission of a crime) Noun συνεργάτης • (synergátis) m (plural συνεργάτες, feminine συνεργάτρια or συνεργάτιδα) coworker, collaborator accomplice Noun συνεργία • (synergía) f (plural συνεργίες) synergy, collaboration (law) complicity Noun σύνεργα • (sýnerga) n pl (engineering) tools (fishing) tackle Noun συνεργείο • (synergeío) n (plural συνεργεία) (automotive) garage (for car repairs) (engineering) workshop crew, gang (group working on joint enterprise) catechesis religious instruction given to a person in preparation for Christian baptism or confirmation, typically using a catechism. catechism ( religion ) initiation , by teaching, into a religious doctrine or secret organization systematic attempt to adhere to a particular way of thinking or ideology advice given in a persistent and annoying way ( Christianity ) the teaching of the doctrines of Christianity ( Christianity ) the book that contains the doctrines of Christianity. Synonyms Submission cannon catechism

Answer 647

CURIOSITY Noun περιέργεια • (periérgeia) f (uncountable) curiosity, inquisitiveness Adverb περίεργα • (períerga) curiously, strangely Adverb περιέργως • (periérgos) curiously, strangely περιεργάζομαι (“to scrutinise, to inspect”) η περιέργεια σκότωσε τη γάτα (“curiosity killed the cat”) περίεργα (“curiously”) περίεργος (“curious”) περιέργως (“curiously”) ——————————————————- κάτι αξιοπερίεργο curiosity ——————————————————- Adjective περίεργος • (períergos) m (feminine περίεργη, neuter περίεργο) curious (eager to learn; inquisitive) strange, peculiar, curious ——————————————————- ``` Maximize number of Surprises Alternates paths Novel moves Creative moves Unexpected possibilities Prioritize and Categorize new information Limited outcomes Score ``` Distraction Addiction to non-important or destructive information Ignoring important information Iterating into the future Game Theory How many “potential moves ahead” should be explored? Emulating other masters of the game - Copycat moves from experience. Value weighting - Statistical probability that move optimizes success. Integrating alternate outcomes

Answer 648

KILL - MURDER - BLINDNESS - DARKNESS Translations of dark Noun σκοτάδι darkness, dark, obscurity, night time σκότος darkness, dark, obscurity, murk, gloom, mirk Adjective σκοτεινός dark, obscure, dingy, sombre, murky, recondite σκούρος dark From Mediaeval Byzantine Greek σκοτώνω, from Ancient Greek σκοτόω (skotóō, “to blind, to plunge into darkness”), itself from σκότος (skótos, “darkness”) η περιέργεια σκότωσε τη γάτα (“curiosity killed the cat”) Verb σκοτώνω • (skotóno) (past σκότωσα, passive σκοτώνομαι) kill, murder, slay Σκότωσα μια αράχνη την άλλη μέρα. Skótosa mia aráchni tin álli méra. I killed a spider the other day. Το κάπνισμα σκοτώνει! To kápnisma skotónei! Smoking kills! hurt, injure severely Σκότωσα το χέρι μου. Skótosa to chéri mou. I hurt my hand badly. (figuratively) ruin (a piece of music, performance, language, etc) Αυτός ο πιανίστας σκότωσε το κομμάτι εντελώς. Aftós o pianístas skótose to kommáti entelós. That pianist ruined the piece entirely. (figuratively) sell (goods at a price lower than their worth) Πήρα κάτι παλιά CD που έχω και τα σκότωσα στη λαϊκή. Píra káti paliá CD pou écho kai ta skótosa sti laïkí. I took some old CDs that I have and sold them for cheap at the market. Conjugation σκοτώνω σκοτώνομαι Derived terms σκοτωμός m (skotomós, “killing”) σκότωμα n (skótoma, “killing”) σκοτώνω στο ξύλο (skotóno sto xýlo, “to beat someone up”) σκοτώνω τον καιρό (skotóno ton kairó, “to kill time”) σκοτώνω μύγες (skotóno mýges, “to be bored, to have no patrons”) (literally: "to kill flies") αλληλοσκοτώνομαι (alliloskotónomai, “to kill each other”) Derived terms του σκοτωμού (tou skotomoú, “madly, hurriedly”) Synonyms (killing): σκότωμα n (skótoma), θανάτωση f (thanátosi) (massacre, slaughter): σφαγή n (sfagí), μακελείο n (makeleío), φόνος m (fónos), δολοφονία f (dolofonía) (scramble, crush): συνωστισμός m (synostismós), στριμωξίδι n (strimoxídi) Related terms σκοτώνω (skotóno, “to kill”) —————————————————— Verb σκοτώνομαι • (skotónomai) passive (past σκοτώθηκα, active σκοτώνω) passive form of σκοτώνω (skotóno). Ο Γιάννης σκοτώθηκε. O Giánnis skotóthike. John was killed. Θα σκοτωθείς εκεί! Tha skototheís ekeí! You'll get yourself killed over there! Verb σκοτώσω • (skotóso) 1st person singular dependent form of σκοτώνω (skotóno). Noun σκοτωμός • (skotomós) m (plural σκοτωμοί) killing (act of ending someone's life) Ο σκοτωμός του δεν είχε νόημα. O skotomós tou den eíche nóima. There was no sense to his killing. (more generally) massacre, slaughter, carnage (killing of a considerable number) Ο σκοτωμός στα Καλάβρυτα το 1943 έγινε από τους ναζιστές. O skotomós sta Kalávryta to 1943 égine apó tous nazistés. The slaughter in Kalavryta in 1943 was carried out by the Nazis. (colloquial, figuratively) crush, scramble, scuffle (violent crowding) Γινόταν σκοτωμός για το τελευταίο εισιτήριο. Ginótan skotomós gia to teleftaío eisitírio. There was a mad scramble for the last ticket.

Answer 649

BODY - FLESH - CORPUS Noun σάρξ • (sárx) f (genitive σαρκός); third declension The material which covers the bones of a creature; flesh body the edible flesh of a fruit The seat of animalistic, immoral desires and thoughts, such as lust (Christianity) The physical or natural order, which is opposed to the spiritual ordering of a civil architecture based on language. Noun σάρκα • (sárka) f (plural σάρκες) (biology) flesh (botany) pulp, flesh Homer uses σάρξ almost entirely in the plural, with the singular usage specifying a specific part of the body. Later writers use the singular without this distinction. ``` Verb σαρκάζω • (sarkázō) I gnash I tear or lacerate flesh I bite my lip in anger (figuratively) I tear apart with sarcasm ``` Derived from σάρξ (sárx, “meat”, “flesh”) +‎ -άζω (-ázō, verbal suffix). ``` Adjective ἄσᾰρκος • (ásarkos) m or f (neuter ἄσᾰρκον); second declension without flesh, lean Antonym: σᾰρκώδης (sarkṓdēs) (of a diet) not consisting in flesh. ``` Noun σᾰρκᾰσμός • (sarkasmós) m (genitive σᾰρκᾰσμοῦ); second declension bitter irony sarcasm From σαρκάζω (“to tear or lacerate”) +‎ -μός (abstract noun). Suffix -μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension Forms abstract nouns. Suffix -ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension Forms abstract nouns. Suffix -ισμός • (-ismós) m A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine. Adjective σαρκικός • (sarkikós) m (feminine σαρκική, neuter σαρκικό) carnal, fleshly (especially sensual) ———————————————— corpus (n.) "matter of any kind," literally "a body," (plural corpora), late 14c., "body," from Latin corpus, literally "body" (see corporeal). The sense of "body of a person" (mid-15c. in English) and "collection of facts or things" (1727 in English) both were present in Latin. Also used in various medical phrases, such as corpus callosum (1706, literally "tough body"), corpus luteum (1788, literally "yellow body"). Corpus Christi (late 14c.), feast of the Blessed Sacrament, is kept on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday. corporeal (adj.) 1610s, "of a material or physical nature, not mental or spiritual," with adjectival suffix -al (1) + Latin corporeus "of the nature of a body," from corpus "body" (living or dead), from PIE *kwrpes, from root *kwrep- "body, form, appearance." Meaning "relating to a material body or physical thing" is from 1660s. Related: Corporeality, corporeally. *kwrep- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "body, form, appearance," probably a verbal root meaning "to appear." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit krp- "form, body;" Avestan kerefsh "form, body;" Latin corpus "body" (living or dead) Old English hrif "belly," Old High German href "womb, belly, abdomen." corse (n.) late 13c., "a dead body;" c. 1300, "a living body;" c. 1400, "the main part of anything," from Old French cors, from Latin corpus "body" (from PIE root *kwrep- "body, form, appearance"). Archaic from 16c.; compare corpse. corpus delicti 1832, Latin, literally "body of the offense;" not "the murder victim's body," but the basic elements that make up a crime, which in the case of a murder includes the body of the victim. For first element, see corpus. With delictum "a fault, offense, crime, transgression," etymologically "a falling short" of the standard of law, neuter singular of past participle of delinquere "to fail; be wanting, fall short; offend" (see delinquent). ``` habeas corpus (n.) writ requiring a person to be brought before a court, mid-15c., Latin, literally "(you should) have the person," in phrase habeas corpus ad subjiciendum "produce or have the person to be subjected to (examination)," opening words of writs in 14c. Anglo-French documents to require a person to be brought before a court or judge, especially to determine if that person is being legally detained. From habeas, second person singular present subjunctive of habere "to have, to hold" (from PIE root *ghabh- "to give or receive") + corpus "person," literally "body" (see corporeal). In reference to more than one person, habeas corpora. ``` *ghabh- also *ghebh-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to give or receive." The basic sense of the root probably is "to hold," which can be either in offering or in taking. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit gabhasti- "hand, forearm;" Latin habere "to have, hold, possess," habitus "condition, demeanor, appearance, dress;" Old Irish gaibim "I take, hold, I have," gabal "act of taking;" Lithuanian gabana "armful," gabenti "to remove;" Gothic gabei "riches;" Old English giefan, Old Norse gefa "to give." ———————————————— ANTONYM ``` πνευματικός (pnevmatikós) Adjective πνευμᾰτῐκός • (pneumatikós) m (feminine πνευμᾰτῐκή, neuter πνευμᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension Related to the wind: windy Related to breath: breathing Causing flatulence spiritual ``` ``` Adjective πνευματικός • (pnevmatikós) m (feminine πνευματική, neuter πνευματικό) mental (relating to the mind) ghostly pneumatic spiritual ``` From πνεῦμα (“wind, breath, spirit”) +‎ -τικός (adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, “-ive” ) —————————————————- σᾰρκολᾰβῐ́ς • (sarkolabís) f (genitive σᾰρκολᾰβῐ́δος); third declension (surgery) surgeon's forceps From σᾰ́ρξ (sárx, “flesh”) +‎ λᾰβῐ́ς (labís, “forceps”). Noun σαρκοκόλλᾰ • (sarkokólla) f (genitive σαρκοκόλλης); first declension milkvetch (Astragalus fasciculifolius) sarcocol, flesh glue From σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) +‎ κόλλα (kólla, “glue”). Noun σᾰρκόμφᾰλον • (sarkómphalon) n (genitive σᾰρκομφᾰ́λου); second declension (anatomy) fleshy excrescence on the navel From σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) +‎ ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”). Noun σᾰρκοφᾰ́γος • (sarkophágos) m (genitive σᾰρκοφᾰ́γου); second declension sarcophagus From σάρξ (“flesh, meat”) +‎ φᾰγεῖν (“to eat”) +‎ -ος (adjective) Adjective σαρκοφάγος • (sarkofágos) m (feminine σαρκοφάγος, neuter σαρκοφάγο) carnivorous, meat-eating compound of σάρκα (flesh) +‎ -φάγος (eat, to eat, eating). ————————————————— OLD ENGLISH https://oldenglishwordhord.com/2019/10/22/hrif/ ``` Old English: hrif Noun hrif n (nominative plural hrifes) body womb belly ``` From Proto-West Germanic *hrif. Compare Old Frisian href (“stomach”). ``` Proto-West Germanic Etymology From Proto-Germanic *hrefaz. Noun *hrif n womb Synonym: *wambu ``` Noun womb (plural wombs) (anatomy) In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth; the uterus. [from 8thc.] (obsolete) The abdomen or stomach. [8th-17thc.] (obsolete) The stomach of a person or creature. [8th-18thc.] (figuratively) A place where something is made or formed. [from 15thc.] Any cavity containing and enveloping anything. From Middle English wombe, wambe from Old English womb, wamb (“belly, stomach; bowels; heart; womb; hollow”) from Proto-Germanic *wambō (“belly, stomach, abdomen”) Superseded non-native Middle English mater, matere (“womb”) and matris, matrice (“womb”) borrowed from Latin māter (“womb”) and Old French matrice (“womb”), respectively. ``` Noun māter f (genitive mātris); third declension mother (female parent) mother (source, origin) matron of a house honorific title woman nurse motherland maternity, motherhood ``` from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Cognate with Old English mōdor (English mother). —————————————- Proto-Indo-European Root *ǵenh₁- (perfective) to produce, to beget, to give birth. ``` Proto-Celtic Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yétor, deponent present of *ǵenh₁-. Verb *ganyetor to be born ``` Verb γείνομαι • (geínomai) I am born I beget, bring into being Verb gignō (present infinitive gignere, perfect active genuī, supine genitum); third conjugation I bring forth as a fruit of myself: I bear, I beget, I engender, I give birth to (by said means): I produce, I cause, I yield (in the passive voice): I am born, I am begotten, I am engendered, I am produced, etc. Cognate to Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being, to be born, to take place”). Noun genitrix (plural genitrixes or genitrices) The biological mother of a child. From pre-Indo-European *méh₂ters. *mātēr and explained as a combination of a nursery word *ma (“mother”) and the agentive suffix *-tēr. Noun mater (plural maters or matres) (Britain, slang, now chiefly archaic or humorous) Mother. (anatomy) A meninx; the dura mater, arachnoid mater, or pia mater of the brain.

Answer 650

ETERNAL LIFE αιώνια ζωή PROBLEM QUESTIONS AND ARGUMENTS Does eternal life exist? Is eternal life real? Is it true that we have eternal life? Must eternal life be “earned through merit” or is it a gift already given? Is the “threat of termination” or “oblivion of consciousness” or “damnation” or “eternal punishment and torture” and or “spiritual death” at the hand of a “god” or “divine being” a true threat or a lie with no logical or reasonable proof? Is the “threat of termination” or “oblivion of consciousness” or “damnation” or “eternal punishment and torture” and or “spiritual death” at the hand of a “god” or “Mother Nature” or “a divine being” a true threat or (an intentional lie) with no logical and reasonable proof? ``` Eternal Threat (is it a lie?) The employment of a “threat” by a “principle” to influences the choices and actions of an “agent” for the purpose of “force multiplication” or “force amplification” or “force control” so the principle can enjoy the additional (benefit as a profit) by way of using, manipulating, defrauding and or stealing the [energetic work output] of the agent enslaved to the {will of the principle=form} as effectively the principles slave. The “agent” is afraid of (consequences for breach of duty) or (fear of harmful coercion) by an omnipotent god with actual enforcement powers both in this life and the next. ``` The [will] constrains the “form” of the {energetic work output} in accord with the wishes of the (principle) who is the architect of the will. The “agent” will make (present choices) based upon past knowledge (the will) and future possibilities {threats and benefits} that are manipulated by the “game rules” written by the architect. Therefore the “agents choices” are manipulated by either a truth or a lie. If the “lie” and it’s corresponding “threat” was proven to be [untrue] and [unenforceable] then the principle would loose control over the agents choices that correspond to the lie. The principle “transfers” the “threat” to a “god” who has omnipotent power to enforce the threat. Therefore the principle who employs the threat is not “guilty of lying” because the principle only claims to be the agent, vicar or trustee of “the god”. If the agent wants to find the “responsible party” who “intended to lie” for the [modus operendi of defrauding the agent] to part with his “energetic work output” then the agent is stuck with an “imaginary god” or a “god of ideas” that depends upon and utilizes a civil architecture that entangles all persons in a web of “inter-co-dependency” that makes it impossible to get rid of the god, because attacking any part of the god is like a kill switch, a “too big to fail” switch, that will take down the entire civil architecture and destroy the operation of life within it. The “god of ideas” depends upon the “energetic work output” of the “conscious awareness” of a living being to effects its functional algorithmic operations. The “god of ideas” is essentially a viral computer code and program that depends upon a “host” to energetically enact the idiomatic architecture. Without consciousness, this “god of ideas” as a civil architecture is nothing more than a dusty old book on a very ancient mantle that never sees the light of day. If no one “reads and enacts” the book, then the “ideas” are essentially dead having no force or effect. They are lifeless or “dead ideas”. The ideas as a computer program depend upon a foundational lie. If the ideas want to live, then they must infect a conscious being. ``` Fear Threat Force Self aggrandizement Satiate base desires Survive Attack Defeat Acquire Greed (avarice) Lust Sloth (force amplification) ``` ``` Manipulation Deception Fraud Racketeering Purchasing power (imbalance of power) Harmful power Blood libel power Corruption power Legal power (knowledge, persons, standing) Technology power Bribery Find their moral weakness and exploit it. Embarrassment Shame Secrets Secret societies Codes and Ciphers Trafficking ``` ————————————————————- [Life] both transcendent and immanent awareness. [Life / Span] period between the birth and death of the corpus/flesh. [Life / Bind] the binding of a legal person to a flesh and blood being. [Life / Law] birth of a legal person “estate” from the body of a statute. [Life / Time] the time between the beginning of a legal persons estate and its terminal end or settlement of all its obligations. [Life / Cycle] The whole cycle of birth, growth, maturity, decline, death, in between, and rebirth of transcendence into immanence. [Life / Form] the preformed body of legal rights and obligations as it relates to a person operating within a predefined civil architecture. [Life / Spirit] the indelible imprinting of language, culture, ethos, tradition and ideas upon the [life] of conscious awareness that survives bodily death and the only “thing” a being can take with them into the afterlife. [Life / Remembrance] the archival record or rolls, registers and scripture recording the collective record of human history and life on earth. [Life / Aeon] the state of perpetuity of conscious awareness. Best represented by the paradox of “Constant Change” as the cycle of life. [Life / After] a state of conscious awareness within a new collective conscious dream theater that exists transcending corporeal life. ——————————————————- (“X”) will only (“Y”) life. I = subject of predicate will = future choice made in the present influenced by the past. only = “one-ly” as the exclusive predicative determiner of subject qualia. know - an existential verbal act of the subject proving the argument. life - the direct object of the verb dependent on its definitions. ``` The argument formula in all persons. I will only know life. You will only know life. He will only know life. We will only know life. You-all will only know life. They will only know life. ``` I will only know life. I will only feel life. I will only sense life. I will only experience life. [you] subject of the predicate [will] this sentence is the will, the whole will, in future tense. The fear of death is exclusive to “the future tense” in language. Fear is not a past or present phenomenon, it exclusively exists in the domain or future possibilities or potentialities, it is not afraid of what is present or what is past, the “will” can not control what already is or has been. It can only control and influence what is yet to come. A choice can only be “made” to “influence, affect or control” a future outcome by way of a present choice based on past experiences, goals, plans, intension, purposes and dreams. Choices based on “fear and uncertainty” yield limited results. [only] exclusive conditional [know] this is the “sensate verb” of the sentence that “proves the existence of the subject” with a single simple “self referencing predicate” argument” that proves “ipso-facto” that the subject is alive because he is “thinking, feeling, experiencing and speaking” the predicate. The predicate is “self evident” by way of its own behavior. [life] this is the “proof itself” and the intended outcome of the game that seeks to “win” the argument, which it whether or not the definition of life depends upon the insertion of the concept of “perpetuity” into the definition of life as it’s predicated “truth function”. I other words, does the definition of the word “life” depend upon “infinite, indefinite perpetuity of the subject” as a true syllogism or not? [Life] is beyond evaluation. Life [Life Span] is the time between “corporeal-flesh” birth and death. Flesh and Blood. Corpus σάρκα [Legal Life] is the enrollment of a person as part of a cohesive civil architecture which is then bound to the flesh via witnessed ceremony. [Life] is perpetual. The subject is alive. Therefore the subject is perpetual. [definition] is “x” (What is the definition of life?) Life is both transcendent and immanent. The transcendent is supporting the operation of immanent awareness. Awareness depends upon the transcendent for its existence. Life is perpetual. Life is constant change. Life is cycles. Life is iterations of instances in novel cycles. Life continues indefinitely. Life is eternal. Life is entirety. Life is all. Life is the set of all sets including itself. Life is holographic. The whole is in the part and the part is in the whole. [argument / problem] is “y” Is this definition of life true? [argument / problem] is “z” Is “the subject” alive? [answer / solution] is “a” Is the subject aware of the argument and problem? {yes} Is the subject speaking about the argument and problem? {yes} Is the subject sensing the argument and problem? {yes} Is the subject thinking about the argument and problem? {yes} [conditional] is “b” If {yes} then {yes} [argument / problem] Can you prove the negative {no} to yourself? The “subject” that needs to answer to the question can only be “first person principle” and not “second person agent” because any interaction with a “second person agent” proves the existence of life as a simple matter of fact. Only the principle as the subject of the argument has “the problem” and requires a “solution” to alleviate anxiety about future possibilities to explore curious and creative options that most “game play options” would exclude as “too expensive” and “too improbable” so as to “secure more” of an already limited life span. survive (v.) mid-15c. (implied in surviving), "to outlive, continue in existence after the death of another," originally in the legal (inheritance) sense, from Anglo-French survivre, Old French souvivre (12c., Modern French survivre), from Latin supervivere "live beyond, live longer than," from super "over, beyond" (see super-) + vivere "to live" (from PIE root *gwei- "to live"). Intransitive sense "to live on" is from late 15c. Related: Survived; surviving.

Answer 651

MODEL CIVIL ARCHITECTURES PURPOSE 1. Enable “Trust” among the model’s users “stakeholders” 2. Cure the “users biological predilections” that destroy trust. 3. Facilitate “exchange and conveyance” of value between users. 4. Facilitate “exchange and conveyance” of rights between users. 5. Document and record a history of “user facts” to build trust. 6. Systems to organize facts for meaningful retrieval by users. 7. Forms to constrain, determine, classify and organize factual data. 8. Data access to enable transparency for user clarity. 9. Educational tools to enable users to know and comprehend. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_model The term conceptual model is normal. It could mean "a model of concept" or it could mean "a model that is conceptual." A distinction can be made between what models are and what models are made of. With the exception of iconic models, such as a scale model of Winchester Cathedral, most models are concepts. But they are, mostly, intended to be models of real world states of affairs. The value of a model is usually directly proportional to how well it corresponds to a past, present, future, actual or potential state of affairs. A model of a concept is quite different because in order to be a good model it need not have this real world correspondence. In artificial intelligence conceptual models and conceptual graphs are used for building expert systems and knowledge-based systems; here the analysts are concerned to represent expert opinion on what is true not their own ideas on what is true. ``` Type and scope of conceptual models Conceptual models (models that are conceptual) range in type from the more concrete, such as the mental image of a familiar physical object, to the formal generality and abstractness of mathematical models which do not appear to the mind as an image. Conceptual models also range in terms of the scope of the subject matter that they are taken to represent. A model may, for instance, represent a single thing (e.g. the Statue of Liberty), whole classes of things (e.g. the electron), and even very vast domains of subject matter such as the physical universe. The variety and scope of conceptual models is due to the variety of purposes had by the people using them. ``` Conceptual modeling is the activity of formally describing some aspects of the physical and social world around us for the purposes of understanding and communication." Fundamental objectives Comparison model highlighting conceptual model role in system process. A conceptual model's primary objective is to convey the fundamental principles and basic functionality of the system which it represents. Also, a conceptual model must be developed in such a way as to provide an easily understood system interpretation for the model's users. A conceptual model, when implemented properly, should satisfy four fundamental objectives. 1. Enhance an individual's understanding of the representative system 2. Facilitate efficient conveyance of system details between stakeholders 3. Provide a point of reference for system designers to extract system specifications 4. Document the system for future reference and provide a means for collaboration

Answer 652

SEARCH - EDUCATED GUESS A heuristic technique, or a heuristic (/hjʊəˈrɪstɪk/; Ancient Greek: εὑρίσκω, heurískō, 'I find, discover'), is any approach to problem solving or self-discovery that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but is nevertheless sufficient for reaching an immediate, short-term goal or approximation. Where finding an optimal solution is impossible or impractical, heuristic methods can be used to speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution. Heuristics can be mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision.[1]:94[2] Examples that employ heuristics include using trial and error, a rule of thumb or an educated guess.

Answer 653

SEMANTICS - MEAN - SIGNIFY From σημαίνω (“to indicate”) +‎ -ικός (adjective -ic) indicate (v.) 1650s, "to point out," from Latin indicatus, past participle of indicare "to point out, show," from in- "into, in, on, upon" from PIE root *en "in" + dicare "proclaim" from PIE root *deik- "to show," also "pronounce solemnly," Especially "to give suggestion of, be reason for inferring" *deik- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to show," also "pronounce solemnly," also “in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects" ``` It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit dic- "point out, show;" Greek: deiknynai "to show, to prove," Greek: dike "custom, usage;" Latin: dicere "speak, tell, say," Latin: digitus "finger," Old High German zeigon German zeigen "to show," Old English teon "to accuse," tæcan "to teach." ``` ``` ——————————————————— [Meaning] 1. What’s important? 2. What takes priority? 3. Who or What is in danger? 4. What are the signs of danger? 5. What are the signs that signal opportunities? 6. What are the signs that signal an opportunity? ``` This means the same thing as that. This condition means that outcome. This event occurring “means” that event will occur. These words “mean” the same thing as those words. The appearance of this signal “means” that event should follow. The appearing of this sign “means” that conditions will cause that outcome to emerge. The purpose of ones life “means” that experiences add up to acquired wisdom. Wisdom and skill is the outcome that gives life meaning. All life’s experiences add up to a meaningful life. The strength of that signal means it is important. The color red means you should give it highest priority. —————————————————————- δίνω σημασία (“to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) Noun σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension mark, sign, token a sign from the gods, an omen, portent a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin a token by which one's identity or commission was certified a constellation ``` Verb σημαίνω • (simaíno) (past σήμανα, passive —) mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal ``` Αλλά αυτό δεν σημαίνει ότι γυρνάμε στο... Allá aftó den simaínei óti gyrnáme sto... This doesn't mean that we're going back to... business as usual. Νερό σημαίνει υγεία: Neró simaínei ygeía: Water means health: Noun σημασία f (simasía, “meaning”) Adjective σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension significant, giving signs significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless ``` Verb σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Adjective σημαντικός • (simantikós) m (feminine σημαντική, neuter σημαντικό) important, significant, considerable, outstanding, notable Antonym: ασήμαντος (asímantos) Ο καλός ύπνος είναι σημαντικός για την απώλεια βάρους. O kalós ýpnos eínai simantikós gia tin apóleia várous. Good sleep is important for weight loss.

Answer 654

COMMAND - ORDER Noun εντολή • (entolí) f (plural εντολές) order, command (instruction given to someone more junior) Synonym: διαταγή (diatagí) (computing) command (instruction given to computer) Noun εντολές • (entolés) f Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of εντολή (entolí). Noun εντολής • (entolís) f Genitive singular form of εντολή (entolí). Noun εντολών • (entolón) f Genitive plural form of εντολή (entolí). ``` SYNONYM Noun διαταγή • (diatagí) f (plural διαταγές) command, order Synonym: εντολή (entolí) Antonym: αντιδιαταγή (antidiatagí) ``` Related terms διάταγμα (diátagma, “edict, decree”) διατάζω (diatázo, “to order, to issue a command”) ``` Noun τᾰγή • (tagḗ) f (genitive τᾰγῆς); first declension line of battle, front, array command, province command, order pension, alimony ration stipulated amount to be delivered (at Telmessus) penalty, fine ``` From τᾰ́σσω (tássō, “to put in order, arrange”) +‎ -ή (-ḗ). ``` Verb τᾰ́σσω • (tássō) (transitive) to arrange, put in order (transitive, military) to arrange soldiers, array, marshal (passive) to fall in, form up (transitive) to post, station (transitive) to appoint, assign (transitive) to undertake (transitive) to order, command (transitive) to assess payments (transitive) to agree upon (transitive) to impose punishments, laws ``` ``` Noun τάγμᾰ • (tágma) n (genitive τάγμᾰτος); third declension command, order arrangement body of soldiers, division, brigade ``` Noun τάγμα • (tágma) n (plural τάγματα) battalion (army unit) religious order; a group living according to a set of rules. From τάσσω (tássō) +‎ -μα (-ma). Noun τᾱγός • (tāgós) m (genitive τᾱγοῦ); second declension commander, ruler, chief federal commander of the Thessalian League (in the plural) college of magistrates in Thessaly president of a phratry From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”) like τάσσω (tássō, “to arrange, put in order”). ``` Verb συντάσσω • (syntásso) (past συνέταξα) draft (a document) compose (a statement) compile design indite ```

Answer 655

BRING TO MIND - RECOLLECT - BETROTH ``` μνάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mnaomai Phonetic Spelling: (mnah'-om-ahee) Definition: be mindful, remember Usage: I remember, recollect. ``` to recall (bring to mind); remember, recollect, be mindful of. See also 3403 /mimnḗskō ("actively bring to mind"). ``` μνηστεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mnésteuó Phonetic Spelling: (mnace-tyoo'-o) Definition: to espouse, betroth Usage: I ask in marriage; pass: I am betrothed. ``` originally, "to woo and win; espouse, then to promise in marriage, betroth" to espouse; betroth. ``` Matthew 1:18 V-APP-GFS GRK: οὕτως ἦν Μνηστευθείσης τῆς μητρὸς NAS: Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, KJV: Mary was espoused to Joseph, INT: thus came about having been betrothed the mother Luke 1:27 V-RPM/P-AFS GRK: πρὸς παρθένον ἐμνηστευμένην ἀνδρὶ ᾧ NAS: to a virgin engaged to a man whose KJV: To a virgin espoused to a man whose INT: to a virgin betrothed to a man whose ``` Luke 2:5 V-RPM/P-DFS GRK: Μαριὰμ τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ οὔσῃ NAS: with Mary, who was engaged to him, and was with child. KJV: Mary his espoused wife, being INT: Mary who was betrothed to him she being ἐμνηστευμένῃ Engaged to be married ἐμνηστευμένῃ (emnēsteumenē) — 1 Occurrence Luke 2:5 V-RPM/P-DFS GRK: Μαριὰμ τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ οὔσῃ NAS: with Mary, who was engaged to him, and was with child. KJV: Mary his espoused wife, being INT: Mary who was betrothed to him she being

Answer 656

BRING TO LIFE - GIVE LIFE TO - RAISE TO LIFE - CREATE LIFE ``` ζῳοποιέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: zóopoieó Phonetic Spelling: (dzo-op-oy-eh'-o) Definition: to make alive Usage: I make that which was dead to live, cause to live, quicken. HELPS Word-studies 2227 zōopoiéō (from 2221 /zōgréō, "alive" and 4160 /poiéō, "make") – properly, make alive (zōos); i.e. "quicken," vivify ("animate"); (figuratively) cause what is dead (inoperative) to have life; empower with divine life. ``` 2227 /zōopoiéō ("make alive, enliven") is particularly used of God infusing His life in the believer. The Lord infuses eternal life (zōē) into us each time we receive (obey) faith from Him. This enables living with God – not just for Him (cf. Gal 2:20; Ro 8:28-30; 1 Jn 5:4). His self-existent, all-powerful life overcomes all the deadly effects of sin. (1 Cor 15:36,38) seed, come to life – The resurrection-body of the believer will be characterized by continuity with diversity – i.e. reflecting the physical-spiritual life we lived here on earth in a supra-physical fashion (Phil 3:11-21). Both of these aspects of glorification are illustrated in 1 Cor 15 by the metaphor of seeds. ``` ζῷον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: zóon Phonetic Spelling: (dzo'-on) Definition: a living creature Usage: an animal, living creature. ``` a living creature (literally, "something alive"). ("living creature") is often mistranslated "beast" (rather than "living being" or "living creature"). Neuter of a derivative of zao; a live thing, i.e. An animal -- beast. ``` ζάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: zaó Phonetic Spelling: (dzah'-o) Definition: to live Usage: I live, am alive. to live, experience God's gift of life. ``` ``` ζωή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: zóé Phonetic Spelling: (dzo-ay') Definition: life Usage: life, both of physical (present) and of spiritual (particularly future) existence. ``` life (physical and spiritual). All life, throughout the universe, is derived – i.e. it always (only) comes from and is sustained by God's self-existent life. The Lord intimately shares His gift of life with people, creating each in His image which gives all the capacity to know His eternal life. universally, life, i. e. the state of one who is possessed of vitality or is animate. a. "of the absolute fullness of life, both essential and ethical, which belongs to God, and through him both to the hypostatic λόγος and to Christ" in whom the λόγος put on human nature: b. life real and genuine, vita quae sola vita nominanda (Cicero, de sen. 21, 77), "a life active and vigorous, devoted to God, blessed, the portion even in this world of those who put their trust in Christ, but after the resurrection to be consummated by new accessions (among them a more perfect body), and to last forever" (the writers of the O. T. have anticipated the conception, in their way, by employing חַיִּים to denote a happy life and every kind of blessing: in him life was (comprehended), and the life (transfused from the Logos into created natures) was the light (i. e. the intelligence) of men (because the life of men is self-conscious, and thus a fountain of intelligence springs up) John 1:4; ὁ λόγος τῆς ζωῆς, the Logos having life in itself and communicating it to others. 1 John 1:1; ἡ ζωή ἐφανερώθη, was manifested in Christ, clothed in flesh. 1 John 1:2. From this divine fountain of life flows forth that life which is next to be defined: viz. 1 Peter 3:7; τό πνεῦμα τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, the Spirit, the repository and imparter of life, and which is received by those united to Christ. τό φῶς τῆς ζοης, the light illumined by which one arrives at life. εἰς ζωήν αἰώνιον, unto the attainment of eternal life. in Enoch 15:4,6 the wicked angels are said before their fall to have been spiritual and partakers of eternal and immortal life). ζωή and ἡ ζωή, without epithet, are used of the blessing of real life after the resurrection. ζωή ἐκ νεκρῶν, life breaking forth from the abode of the dead. τό βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς, the book in which the names of those are recorded to whom eternal life has been decreed. ὕδωρ ζωῆς, water the use of which serves to maintain eternal life. ζωῆς αἰωνίου notione. Dresd. 1838), maintain that ζωή αἰώνιος everywhere even in John's writings refers to life after the resurrection; but in this way they are compelled not only to assume a prophetic use of the perfect in the saying ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου μεταβεβηκέναι εἰς τήν ζωήν (John 5:24; 1 John 3:14), but also to interpret the common phrase ἔχει ζωήν αἰώνιον as meaning he has eternal life as his certain portion though as yet only in hope, as well as to explain ζωήν αἰώνιον οὐκ ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ μένουσαν (1 John 3:15) of the hope of eternal life. ——————————————————— ``` ποιέω • (poiéō) To make To create To produce (mathematics) To make, to produce To postulate, imply To solve (post-Homeric) To compose, write poetry To write of (an event) in poetry To invent To cause To cause (accusative) to (infinitive) To procure To celebrate, observe Used in the middle with a noun periphrastically for the verb derived from said noun. (with predicate adjective) To make, cause to be To put (mathematics) To multiply (middle) To consider, deem To assume To take time, spend time (later Greek) To sacrifice To prepare To play (sense 3) To do To do (accusative) to (accusative) (with adverb) To act (pro-verb) Refers back to a previous verb: To do To act (medicine) To operate, to be efficacious (in Thucydides) (Koine) To do customarily, To practise (middle) To pretend ```

Answer 657

DILIGENTLY SEARCH — RESEARCH Apparently from ereo (through the idea of inquiry); to seek, i.e. (figuratively) to investigate -- search. ``` ereó: call, say, speak of, tell. Original Word: ἐρεῶ Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereó Phonetic Spelling: (er-eh'-o) Definition: call, say, speak of, tell Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. ``` ῥέω command, make, say, speak of. Original Word: ῥέω, Phonetic Spelling: (hreh'-o) Definition: command, make, say, speak of see eipon and legó. From ei and pos; if somehow -- if by any means. ``` Strong's Concordance ei pos: if Original Word: εἴ Transliteration: ei pos Phonetic Spelling: (i poce) Definition: if by any means, if somehow ``` ``` πώς Transliteration: pós Phonetic Spelling: (poce) Definition: at all properly, how (conveying "indefiniteness of manner," S. Zodhiates, Dict); a particle meaning, "if (somehow)" or "if possibly," when used with the Gk conjunction, ei (J. Thayer) – or meaning "lest by any means" when it is used with the Gk negative, mē. See also 1513 (eí pōs) and 3381 (mḗpōs). ``` [4458 (-pṓs) is an enclitic, and therefore distinguished from the interrogative adverb 4459 /pṓs ("how") that uses a circumflex accent.] ``` ἐρευνάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereunaó Phonetic Spelling: (er-yoo-nah'-o) Definition: search Usage: I search diligently, examine. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin variant reading for eraunaó, q.v. ``` ``` Englishman's Concordance John 5:39 V-PIA-2P GRK: ἐραυνᾶτε τὰς γραφάς NAS: You search the Scriptures because KJV: Search the scriptures; for INT: You search the Scriptures John 7:52 V-AMA-2S GRK: Γαλιλαίας εἶ ἐραύνησον καὶ ἴδε NAS: from Galilee, are you? Search, and see KJV: of Galilee? Search, and look: INT: Galilee are Search and look ``` ``` Romans 8:27 V-PPA-NMS GRK: ὁ δὲ ἐραυνῶν τὰς καρδίας NAS: and He who searches the hearts knows KJV: And he that searcheth the hearts INT: he who moreover searches the hearts ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 2:10 V-PIA-3S GRK: πνεῦμα πάντα ἐραυνᾷ καὶ τὰ NAS: for the Spirit searches all things, KJV: the Spirit searcheth all things, INT: Spirit all things searches even the ``` ``` 1 Peter 1:11 V-PPA-NMP GRK: ἐραυνῶντες εἰς τίνα NAS: seeking to know what person KJV: Searching what, or INT: searching to who ``` ``` Revelation 2:23 V-PPA-NMS GRK: εἰμι ὁ ἐραυνῶν νεφροὺς καὶ NAS: that I am He who searches the minds KJV: am he which searcheth the reins and INT: am he who searches innermost feelings and ``` Strong's Greek 2045 6 Occurrences ``` ἐραυνᾷ — 1 Occ. ἐραυνᾶτε — 1 Occ. ἐραύνησον — 1 Occ. ἐραυνῶν — 2 Occ. ἐραυνῶντες — 1 Occ. ``` ergazomai: I work, trade, do ``` Original Word: ἐργάζομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ergazomai Phonetic Spelling: (er-gad'-zom-ahee) Definition: to search, examine Usage: I work, trade, perform, do, practice, commit, acquire by labor. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2038 ergázomai (from 2041 /érgon, "work") – to work (accomplish). See 2041 (ergon). ```

Answer 658

THINK — OPINE — HAVE AN OPINION OR VIEW δοκεῖτε think V-PIA-2P ``` dokeó: to have an opinion, to seem Original Word: δοκέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: dokeó Phonetic Spelling: (dok-eh'-o) Definition: to have an opinion, to seem Usage: I think, seem, appear, it seems. ``` properly, suppose (what "seems to be"), forming an opinion (a personal judgment, estimate). ("suppose") directly reflects the personal perspective (values) of the person making the subjective judgment call, i.e. showing what they esteem (or not) as an individual. is the root of: 1378 (dógma) Each cognate stresses "the subjective mental estimate or opinion about a matter" ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 3:9 V-ASA-2P GRK: καὶ μὴ δόξητε λέγειν ἐν NAS: and do not suppose that you can say KJV: And think not to say INT: and not think to say within Matthew 6:7 V-PIA-3P GRK: οἱ ἐθνικοί δοκοῦσιν γὰρ ὅτι NAS: as the Gentiles do, for they suppose that they will be heard KJV: [do]: for they think that INT: the pagans they think indeed that ``` ``` Matthew 17:25 V-PIA-3S GRK: Τί σοι δοκεῖ Σίμων οἱ NAS: What do you think, Simon? KJV: saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? INT: What you think Simon The ``` ``` Matthew 18:12 V-PIA-3S GRK: τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ ἐὰν γένηταί NAS: What do you think? If any KJV: How think ye? if INT: What you do think If there should be ``` ``` Matthew 21:28 V-PIA-3S GRK: δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ ἄνθρωπος εἶχεν NAS: But what do you think? A man had KJV: But what think ye? A [certain] man INT: however [do] you think a man had ``` ``` Matthew 22:17 V-PIA-3S GRK: τί σοι δοκεῖ ἔξεστιν δοῦναι NAS: what do You think? Is it lawful KJV: What thinkest thou? INT: what you think Is it lawful to give ``` ``` Matthew 22:42 V-PIA-3S GRK: Τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ NAS: What do you think about the Christ, KJV: Saying, What think ye of INT: What you think concerning the ``` ``` Matthew 24:44 V-PIA-2P GRK: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ ὁ NAS: when you do not think [He will]. KJV: an hour as ye think not INT: in that not you think hour the ``` ``` Matthew 26:53 V-PIA-2S GRK: ἢ δοκεῖς ὅτι οὐ NAS: Or do you think that I cannot appeal KJV: Thinkest thou that I cannot INT: Or think you that not ``` ``` Matthew 26:66 V-PIA-3S GRK: τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ οἱ δὲ NAS: what do you think? They answered, KJV: What think ye? They answered INT: What you do think moreover ``` Mark 6:49 V-AIA-3P GRK: θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα ἔδοξαν ὅτι φάντασμά NAS: on the sea, they supposed that it was a ghost, KJV: the sea, they supposed it had been INT: sea walking they thought that a ghost Mark 10:42 V-PPA-NMP GRK: ὅτι οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν NAS: that those who are recognized as rulers KJV: that they which are accounted to rule INT: that those who are accounted to rule over the ``` Luke 1:3 V-AIA-3S GRK: ἔδοξε κἀμοὶ παρηκολουθηκότι NAS: it seemed fitting for me as well, KJV: It seemed good to me also, INT: it seemed good also to me having been acquainted ``` ``` Luke 8:18 V-PIA-3S GRK: καὶ ὃ δοκεῖ ἔχειν ἀρθήσεται NAS: what he thinks he has KJV: even that which he seemeth to have. INT: even what he seems to have will be taken ``` ``` Luke 10:36 V-PIA-3S GRK: τριῶν πλησίον δοκεῖ σοι γεγονέναι NAS: three do you think proved KJV: of these three, thinkest thou, was INT: three a neighbor seems to you to have been ``` ``` Luke 12:40 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὥρᾳ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὁ υἱὸς NAS: at an hour that you do not expect. KJV: cometh at an hour when ye think not. INT: hour not you expect the Son ``` ``` Luke 12:51 V-PIA-2P GRK: δοκεῖτε ὅτι εἰρήνην NAS: Do you suppose that I came to grant KJV: Suppose ye that I am come INT: Think you that peace ``` Luke 13:2 V-PIA-2P GRK: εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Δοκεῖτε ὅτι οἱ NAS: And Jesus said to them, Do you suppose that these KJV: said unto them, Suppose ye that these INT: he said to them Think you that ``` Luke 13:4 V-PIA-2P GRK: ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτούς δοκεῖτε ὅτι αὐτοὶ NAS: Or do you suppose that those eighteen KJV: slew them, think ye that they INT: killed them think you that these ``` ``` Luke 19:11 V-PNA GRK: αὐτὸν καὶ δοκεῖν αὐτοὺς ὅτι NAS: Jerusalem, and they supposed that the kingdom KJV: because they thought that INT: he and thought they that ``` Luke 22:24 V-PIA-3S GRK: τίς αὐτῶν δοκεῖ εἶναι μείζων NAS: them [as to] which one of them was regarded to be greatest. KJV: of them should be accounted the greatest. INT: which of them is thought to be [the] greater Luke 24:37 V-IIA-3P GRK: ἔμφοβοι γενόμενοι ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν NAS: and frightened and thought that they were seeing KJV: affrighted, and supposed that they had seen INT: filled with fear having been they thought a spirit they beheld ``` John 5:39 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὅτι ὑμεῖς δοκεῖτε ἐν αὐταῖς NAS: because you think that in them you have KJV: them ye think ye have eternal INT: for you think in them ``` ``` John 5:45 V-PMA-2P GRK: μὴ δοκεῖτε ὅτι ἐγὼ NAS: Do not think that I will accuse KJV: Do not think that I INT: not Think that I ``` ``` John 11:13 V-AIA-3P GRK: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἔδοξαν ὅτι περὶ NAS: of his death, but they thought that He was speaking KJV: but they thought that he had spoken INT: they however thought that of ``` Strong's Greek 1380 63 Occurrences ``` δοκῇ — 1 Occ. δοκεῖ — 20 Occ. δοκεῖν — 1 Occ. δοκεῖς — 1 Occ. δοκεῖτε — 10 Occ. δοκῶ — 2 Occ. δοκῶν — 1 Occ. δοκοῦμεν — 1 Occ. δοκοῦν — 1 Occ. δοκοῦντα — 1 Occ. δοκοῦντες — 3 Occ. δοκούντων — 1 Occ. δοκοῦσα — 1 Occ. δοκοῦσιν — 2 Occ. δόξαντες — 2 Occ. δόξῃ — 2 Occ. δόξητε — 1 Occ. δόξω — 1 Occ. ἐδόκει — 1 Occ. ἐδόκουν — 2 Occ. ἔδοξα — 1 Occ. ἔδοξαν — 2 Occ. ἔδοξε — 2 Occ. ἔδοξεν — 3 Occ. ```

Answer 659

I HAVE KNOWN ἔγνωκα I have known V-RIA-1S

Answer 660

ANTICIPATE - AWAIT ἐκδεχομένων awaiting V-PPM-GMP Strong's Concordance ekdechomai: to take or receive, by impl. to await, expect Original Word: ἐκδέχομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ekdechomai Phonetic Spelling: (ek-dekh'-om-ahee) Definition: to take or receive, by implication to await, expect Usage: I wait for, expect. HELPS Word-studies 1551 ekdéxomai (from 1537 /ek, "out from and to" and 1209/dexomai, "welcome") – properly, welcome from the heart, looking to the end-result of the waiting (literally, its "out-come," outcome).

Answer 661

MENTAL TORMENT ``` νοσέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noseó Phonetic Spelling: (nos-eh'-o) Definition: to be sick Usage: I am diseased, hence of mental or spiritual disease. ``` ``` νόσος, ου, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: nosos Phonetic Spelling: (nos'-os) Definition: disease, sickness Usage: a disease, malady, sickness. HELPS Word-studies 3554 nósos – a chronic (persisting) disease, typically an incurable ailment. ``` ``` νόσημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: noséma Phonetic Spelling: (nos'-ay-ma) Definition: sickness Usage: a trouble, disease, sickness. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3553 nósēma (a neuter noun derived from 3554 /nósos, "a chronic illness") – a disease (sickness) viewed in terms of its results (especially mental torment). ```

Answer 662

TROUBLE THE MIND - AGITATION - STIR WATER ``` ταραχή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: taraché Phonetic Spelling: (tar-akh-ay') Definition: a disturbance, stirring up Usage: a disturbance, tumult, sedition, trouble. ``` ``` ταράσσω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: tarassó Phonetic Spelling: (tar-as'-so) Definition: to stir up, to trouble Usage: I disturb, agitate, stir up, trouble. ``` properly, put in motion (to agitate back-and-forth, shake to-and-fro); (figuratively) to set in motion what needs to remain still (at ease); to "trouble" ("agitate"), causing inner perplexity (emotional agitation) from getting too stirred up inside ("upset"). [5015 (tarássō) translates 46 Hebrew words in the LXX (Abbott-Smith), showing the enormous connotation power of OT Hebrew vocabulary.] ταραχὴν stirring N-AFS ἐτάρασσε stirred V-IIA-3S κίνησιν moving N-AFS ————————————- ``` κίνησις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: kinesis Phonetic Spelling: (kin'-ay-sis) Definition: a moving Usage: a moving, stirring. ``` ``` κινέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: kineó Phonetic Spelling: (kin-eh'-o) Definition: to move Usage: I set in motion, move, remove, excite, stir up. ``` ————————————- Englishman's Concordance Matthew 2:3 V-AIP-3S GRK: βασιλεὺς Ἡρῴδης ἐταράχθη καὶ πᾶσα NAS: heard [this], he was troubled, and all KJV: had heard [these things], he was troubled, and INT: king Herod he was troubled and all Matthew 14:26 V-AIP-3P GRK: θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα ἐταράχθησαν λέγοντες ὅτι NAS: on the sea, they were terrified, and said, KJV: the sea, they were troubled, saying, INT: sea walking were troubled saying ``` Mark 6:50 V-AIP-3P GRK: εἶδον καὶ ἐταράχθησαν ὁ δὲ NAS: saw Him and were terrified. But immediately KJV: and were troubled. And INT: saw and were troubled and ``` ``` Luke 1:12 V-AIP-3S GRK: καὶ ἐταράχθη Ζαχαρίας ἰδών NAS: Zacharias was troubled when he saw KJV: saw [him], he was troubled, and INT: and was troubled Zechariah having seen [him] ``` ``` Luke 24:38 V-RPM/P-NMP GRK: αὐτοῖς Τί τεταραγμένοι ἐστέ καὶ NAS: to them, Why are you troubled, and why KJV: Why are ye troubled? and why INT: to them Why troubled are you and ``` John 5:4 V-IIA-3S GRK: κολυμβήθρᾳ καὶ ἐτάρασσεν τὸ ὕδωρ KJV: and troubled the water: INT: pool and stirred the water ``` John 5:7 V-ASP-3S GRK: ἵνα ὅταν ταραχθῇ τὸ ὕδωρ NAS: the water is stirred up, but while KJV: when the water is troubled, to put INT: that when has been stirred the water ``` ``` John 11:33 V-AIA-3S GRK: πνεύματι καὶ ἐτάραξεν ἑαυτόν NAS: in spirit and was troubled, KJV: in the spirit, and was troubled, INT: in spirit and troubled himself ``` John 12:27 V-RIM/P-3S GRK: ψυχή μου τετάρακται καὶ τί NAS: My soul has become troubled; and what KJV: my soul troubled; and what INT: soul of me has been troubled and what ``` John 13:21 V-AIP-3S GRK: ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐταράχθη τῷ πνεύματι NAS: this, He became troubled in spirit, KJV: said, he was troubled in spirit, INT: Jesus was troubled in spirit ``` John 14:1 V-PMM/P-3S GRK: Μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ NAS: Do not let your heart be troubled; believe KJV: your heart be troubled: ye believe in INT: not let trouble of you the John 14:27 V-PMM/P-3S GRK: ὑμῖν μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ NAS: to you. Do not let your heart be troubled, nor KJV: heart be troubled, neither INT: to you not let be troubled of you the Acts 15:24 V-AIA-3P GRK: ἡμῶν ἐξελθόντες ἐτάραξαν ὑμᾶς λόγοις NAS: instruction have disturbed you with [their] words, KJV: from us have troubled you with words, INT: us went out troubled you by words ``` Acts 17:8 V-AIA-3P GRK: ἐτάραξαν δὲ τὸν NAS: They stirred up the crowd KJV: And they troubled the people and INT: they troubled moreover the ``` Acts 17:13 V-PPA-NMP GRK: σαλεύοντες καὶ ταράσσοντες τοὺς ὄχλους NAS: agitating and stirring up the crowds. INT: agitating and stirring up the crowds ``` Galatians 1:7 V-PPA-NMP GRK: εἰσιν οἱ ταράσσοντες ὑμᾶς καὶ NAS: there are some who are disturbing you and want KJV: some that trouble you, and INT: there are who trouble you and ``` Galatians 5:10 V-PPA-NMS GRK: ὁ δὲ ταράσσων ὑμᾶς βαστάσει NAS: view; but the one who is disturbing you will bear KJV: but he that troubleth you INT: the one moreover troubling you will bear 1 Peter 3:14 V-ASP-2P GRK: φοβηθῆτε μηδὲ ταραχθῆτε NAS: THEIR INTIMIDATION, AND DO NOT BE TROUBLED, KJV: terror, neither be troubled; INT: you should be afraid of neither should you be troubled Strong's Greek 5015 18 Occurrences ``` ἐταράχθη — 3 Occ. ἐταράχθησαν — 2 Occ. ἐτάρασσεν — 1 Occ. ἐτάραξαν — 2 Occ. ἐτάραξεν — 1 Occ. ταραχθῇ — 1 Occ. ταραχθῆτε — 1 Occ. ταρασσέσθω — 2 Occ. ταράσσων — 1 Occ. ταράσσοντες — 2 Occ. τεταραγμένοι — 1 Occ. τετάρακται — 1 Occ. ```

Answer 663

ONE WHO HEALS - MENTAL or SPIRITUAL THERAPIST ``` θεράπων, οντος, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: therapón Phonetic Spelling: (ther-ap'-ohn) Definition: an attendant Usage: a servant, attendant, minister. ``` an attendant (minister) giving "willing service" refers to a faithful attendant who voluntarily serves another, like a friend serving in a tender, noble way (used only in Heb 3:5). Moses is called a faithful 2324 /therápōn ("willing servant") of "the house (people) of God." ``` θεραπεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: therapeuó Phonetic Spelling: (ther-ap-yoo'-o) Definition: to serve, cure Usage: I care for, attend, serve, treat, especially of a physician; hence: I heal. HELPS Word-studies 2323 therapeúō – properly, heal, reversing a physical condition to restore a person having an illness (disease, infirmity). ``` [2323 (therapeúō), the root of "therapy" and "therapeutic," usually involves natural elements in the process of healing.] τεθεραπευμένῳ having been healed V-RPM/P-DMS ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 4:23 V-PPA-NMS GRK: βασιλείας καὶ θεραπεύων πᾶσαν νόσον NAS: of the kingdom, and healing every KJV: and healing all INT: kingdom and healing every disease Matthew 4:24 V-AIA-3S GRK: παραλυτικούς καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς NAS: paralytics; and He healed them. KJV: and he healed them. INT: paralytics and he healed them ``` ``` Matthew 8:7 V-FIA-1S GRK: Ἐγὼ ἐλθὼν θεραπεύσω αὐτόν NAS: to him, I will come and heal him. KJV: I will come and heal him. INT: I having come will heal him ``` ``` Matthew 8:16 V-AIA-3S GRK: κακῶς ἔχοντας ἐθεράπευσεν NAS: with a word, and healed all KJV: and healed all INT: sick were he healed ``` ``` Matthew 9:35 V-PPA-NMS GRK: βασιλείας καὶ θεραπεύων πᾶσαν νόσον NAS: of the kingdom, and healing every KJV: and healing every INT: kingdom and healing every disease ``` ``` Matthew 10:1 V-PNA GRK: αὐτὰ καὶ θεραπεύειν πᾶσαν νόσον NAS: to cast them out, and to heal every KJV: and to heal all manner INT: them and to heal every disease ``` ``` Matthew 10:8 V-PMA-2P GRK: ἀσθενοῦντας θεραπεύετε νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε NAS: Heal [the] sick, raise KJV: Heal the sick, cleanse INT: Sick heal dead raise ``` Matthew 12:10 V-PNA GRK: τοῖς σάββασιν θεραπεῦσαι ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν NAS: Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath? -- KJV: Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? INT: on the Sabbath to heal that they might accuse Matthew 12:15 V-AIA-3S GRK: πολλοί καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτοὺς πάντας NAS: followed Him, and He healed them all, KJV: him, and he healed them all; INT: many and he healed them all Matthew 12:22 V-AIA-3S GRK: κωφός καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτόν ὥστε NAS: was brought to Jesus, and He healed him, so KJV: dumb: and he healed him, insomuch that INT: mute and he healed him so that Matthew 14:14 V-AIA-3S GRK: αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν τοὺς ἀρρώστους NAS: and felt compassion for them and healed their sick. KJV: them, and he healed their sick. INT: them and healed the sick ``` Matthew 15:30 V-AIA-3S GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς NAS: at His feet; and He healed them. KJV: feet; and he healed them: INT: of him and he healed them ``` ``` Matthew 17:16 V-ANA GRK: ἠδυνήθησαν αὐτὸν θεραπεῦσαι NAS: and they could not cure him. KJV: they could not cure him. INT: they were able him to heal ``` Matthew 17:18 V-AIP-3S GRK: δαιμόνιον καὶ ἐθεραπεύθη ὁ παῖς NAS: out of him, and the boy was cured at once. KJV: and the child was cured from that very INT: demon and was healed the boy ``` Matthew 19:2 V-AIA-3S GRK: πολλοί καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ NAS: followed Him, and He healed them there. KJV: him; and he healed them there. INT: great and he healed them there ``` ``` Matthew 21:14 V-AIA-3S GRK: ἱερῷ καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς NAS: to Him in the temple, and He healed them. KJV: the temple; and he healed them. INT: temple and he healed them ``` ``` Mark 1:34 V-AIA-3S GRK: καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν πολλοὺς κακῶς NAS: And He healed many who were ill KJV: And he healed many that were INT: And he healed many [who] sick ``` Mark 3:2 V-FIA-3S GRK: τοῖς σάββασιν θεραπεύσει αὐτόν ἵνα NAS: Him [to see] if He would heal him on the Sabbath, KJV: whether he would heal him INT: on the Sabbath he will heal him in order that Mark 3:10 V-AIA-3S GRK: πολλοὺς γὰρ ἐθεράπευσεν ὥστε ἐπιπίπτειν NAS: for He had healed many, KJV: For he had healed many; insomuch that INT: many indeed he healed so that they pressed upon ``` Mark 6:5 V-AIA-3S GRK: τὰς χεῖρας ἐθεράπευσεν NAS: on a few sick people and healed them. KJV: sick folk, and healed [them]. INT: the hands he healed [them] ``` ``` Mark 6:13 V-IIA-3P GRK: ἀρρώστους καὶ ἐθεράπευον NAS: many sick people and healing them. KJV: that were sick, and healed [them]. INT: sick and healed [them] ``` ``` Luke 4:23 V-AMA-2S GRK: ταύτην Ἰατρέ θεράπευσον σεαυτόν ὅσα NAS: to Me, 'Physician, heal yourself! KJV: Physician, heal thyself: INT: this Physician heal yourself whatsoever ``` ``` Luke 4:40 V-IIA-3S GRK: χεῖρας ἐπιτιθεὶς ἐθεράπευεν αὐτούς NAS: one of them, He was healing them. KJV: one of them, and healed them. INT: hands having laid he healed them ``` ``` Luke 5:15 V-PNM/P GRK: ἀκούειν καὶ θεραπεύεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν NAS: to hear [Him] and to be healed of their sicknesses. KJV: to hear, and to be healed by him INT: to hear and to be healed from the ``` Luke 6:7 V-PIA-3S GRK: τῷ σαββάτῳ θεραπεύει ἵνα εὕρωσιν NAS: [to see] if He healed on the Sabbath, KJV: whether he would heal on INT: the Sabbath he will heal that they might find Strong's Greek 2323 43 Occurrences ``` ἐθεράπευεν — 1 Occ. ἐθεράπευον — 1 Occ. ἐθεραπεύοντο — 3 Occ. ἐθεράπευσεν — 13 Occ. ἐθεραπεύθη — 3 Occ. ἐθεραπεύθησαν — 1 Occ. τεθεραπευμέναι — 1 Occ. τεθεραπευμένῳ — 1 Occ. τεθεραπευμένον — 1 Occ. θεραπεύει — 1 Occ. θεραπεύειν — 2 Occ. θεραπεύεσθαι — 1 Occ. θεραπεύεσθε — 1 Occ. θεραπεύεται — 1 Occ. θεραπεύετε — 2 Occ. θεραπεύων — 2 Occ. θεραπεύοντες — 1 Occ. θεραπεῦσαι — 3 Occ. θεραπεύσει — 1 Occ. θεραπεύσω — 1 Occ. θεράπευσον — 1 Occ. θεραπευθῆναι — 1 Occ. ```

Answer 664

MENTALLY HEALTHY - WHOLE - OF SOUND MIND hugiés: sound, whole, healthy ``` Original Word: ὑγιής, ές Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: hugiés Phonetic Spelling: (hoog-ee-ace') Definition: sound, whole, healthy Usage: (a) sound, healthy, pure, whole, (b) wholesome. ``` From the base of auzano; healthy, i.e. Well (in body) figuratively, true (in doctrine) -- sound, whole. ``` αὐξάνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: auxanó Phonetic Spelling: (owx-an'-o) Definition: to make to grow, to grow Usage: (a) I cause to increase, become greater (b) I increase, grow. ``` properly, grow (increase); become greater in size (maturity, etc.) 837 /auksánō ("to grow") is key to authentic discipleship. Indeed, the Lord requires non-stop progress (development) in the life of faith.

Answer 665

TO HEAL - TO BE HEALED - MAKE WHOLE ἰαθεὶς having been healed V-APP-NMS iaomai: to heal ``` Original Word: ἰάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: iaomai Phonetic Spelling: (ee-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to heal Usage: I heal, generally of the physical, sometimes of spiritual, disease. ``` healing, particularly as supernatural and bringing attention to the Lord Himself as the Great Physician (cf. Is 53:4,5). Example: Lk 17:15: "Now one of them [i.e. the ten lepers], when he saw that he had been healed (2390 /iáomai), turned back, glorifying God with a loud voice." [2390 /iáomai ("to heal") draws the attention to the Lord, the supernatural Healer, i.e. beyond the physical healing itself and its benefits (as with 2323 /therapeúō).] heal, make whole. Middle voice of apparently a primary verb; to cure (literally or figuratively) -- heal, make whole. ``` ἰὰσασθαι — 1 Occ. ἰάσατο — 4 Occ. ἰάσηται — 1 Occ. ἰάσομαι — 3 Occ. ἰᾶσθαι — 2 Occ. ἴαται — 2 Occ. ἰάθη — 5 Occ. ἰαθῆναι — 1 Occ. ἰαθήσεται — 1 Occ. ἰαθῆτε — 2 Occ. ἰαθήτω — 1 Occ. ἰαθεὶς — 1 Occ. ἰᾶτο — 2 Occ. ἰώμενος — 1 Occ. ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 8:8 V-FIP-3S GRK: λόγῳ καὶ ἰαθήσεται ὁ παῖς NAS: and my servant will be healed. KJV: my servant shall be healed. INT: the word And will be healed the servant Matthew 8:13 V-AIP-3S GRK: σοι καὶ ἰάθη ὁ παῖς NAS: And the servant was healed that [very] moment. KJV: his servant was healed in the selfsame INT: to you And was healed the servant ``` Matthew 13:15 V-FIM-1S GRK: ἐπιστρέψωσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς NAS: AND RETURN, AND I WOULD HEAL THEM.' KJV: and I should heal them. INT: should return and I should heal them ``` Matthew 15:28 V-AIP-3S GRK: θέλεις καὶ ἰάθη ἡ θυγάτηρ NAS: And her daughter was healed at once. KJV: daughter was made whole from INT: you desire And was healed the daughter ``` Mark 5:29 V-RIM/P-3S GRK: σώματι ὅτι ἴαται ἀπὸ τῆς NAS: in her body that she was healed of her affliction. KJV: that she was healed of INT: body that she was healed from the ``` Luke 4:18 V-ANM GRK: ἀπέσταλκέν με ἰὰσασθαι τοὺς συντετριμμένους KJV: me to heal the brokenhearted, INT: he has sent me to heal the broken ``` Luke 5:17 V-PNM/P GRK: εἰς τὸ ἰᾶσθαι αὐτόν NAS: of the Lord was [present] for Him to perform healing. KJV: was [present] to heal them. INT: for [him] to heal them ``` Luke 6:18 V-ANP GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰαθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν NAS: to hear Him and to be healed of their diseases; INT: him and to be healed of the ``` Luke 6:19 V-IIM/P-3S GRK: ἐξήρχετο καὶ ἰᾶτο πάντας NAS: was coming from Him and healing [them] all. KJV: of him, and healed [them] all. INT: went out and healed all ``` ``` Luke 7:7 V-AMP-3S GRK: λόγῳ καὶ ἰαθήτω ὁ παῖς NAS: and my servant will be healed. KJV: my servant shall be healed. INT: by a word and shall be healed the servant ``` ``` Luke 8:47 V-AIP-3S GRK: καὶ ὡς ἰάθη παραχρῆμα NAS: she had been immediately healed. KJV: and how she was healed immediately. INT: and how she was healed immediately ``` ``` Luke 9:2 V-PNM/P GRK: θεοῦ καὶ ἰᾶσθαι τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς NAS: of God and to perform healing. KJV: of God, and to heal the sick. INT: of God and to heal the sick ``` ``` Luke 9:11 V-IIM/P-3S GRK: ἔχοντας θεραπείας ἰᾶτο NAS: of God and curing those KJV: of God, and healed them that had need INT: having of healing he cured ``` ``` Luke 9:42 V-AIM-3S GRK: ἀκαθάρτῳ καὶ ἰάσατο τὸν παῖδα NAS: spirit, and healed the boy KJV: spirit, and healed the child, and INT: unclean and healed the boy ``` Luke 14:4 V-AIM-3S GRK: καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενος ἰάσατο αὐτὸν καὶ NAS: And He took hold of him and healed him, and sent him away. KJV: And he took [him], and healed him, and INT: And having taken hold [of him] he healed him and Luke 17:15 V-AIP-3S GRK: ἰδὼν ὅτι ἰάθη ὑπέστρεψεν μετὰ NAS: of them, when he saw that he had been healed, turned back, KJV: that he was healed, turned back, INT: having seen that he was healed turned back with ``` Luke 22:51 V-AIM-3S GRK: τοῦ ὠτίου ἰάσατο αὐτόν NAS: And He touched his ear and healed him. KJV: his ear, and healed him. INT: the ear he healed him ``` John 4:47 V-ASM-3S GRK: καταβῇ καὶ ἰάσηται αὐτοῦ τὸν NAS: [Him] to come down and heal his son; KJV: he would come down, and heal his son: INT: he would come down and heal his John 5:13 V-APP-NMS GRK: ὁ δὲ ἰαθεὶς οὐκ ᾔδει NAS: But the man who was healed did not know KJV: And he that was healed wist not INT: the [one] moreover having been healed not knew ``` John 12:40 V-FIM-1S GRK: στραφῶσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς NAS: AND BE CONVERTED AND I HEAL THEM. KJV: be converted, and I should heal them. INT: be converted and I should heal them ``` ``` Acts 9:34 V-PIM/P-3S GRK: Πέτρος Αἰνέα ἰᾶταί σε Ἰησοῦς NAS: Christ heals you; get KJV: maketh thee whole: arise, and INT: Peter Aeneas heals you Jesus ``` ``` Acts 10:38 V-PPM/P-NMS GRK: εὐεργετῶν καὶ ἰώμενος πάντας τοὺς NAS: doing good and healing all KJV: and healing all INT: doing good and healing all that ``` ``` Acts 28:8 V-AIM-3S GRK: χεῖρας αὐτῷ ἰάσατο αὐτόν NAS: his hands on him and healed him. KJV: on him, and healed him. INT: hands of him healed him ``` ``` Acts 28:27 V-FIM-1S GRK: ἐπιστρέψωσιν καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς NAS: AND RETURN, AND I WOULD HEAL THEM.' KJV: and I should heal them. INT: should turn and I should heal them ``` ``` Hebrews 12:13 V-ASP-3S GRK: χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ ἰαθῇ δὲ μᾶλλον NAS: but rather be healed. KJV: let it rather be healed. INT: lame be turned aside might be healed however rather ``` Strong's Greek 2390 27 Occurrences

Answer 666

JUMP INTO THE DEEP END - DEEP WATER - STUDY HARD κολυμβήθρᾳ pool N-NFS pool. A diving-place, i.e. Pond for bathing (or swimming) -- pool. Figuratively: Cleanse your mind by jumping into deep waters, and studying hard. Not to be afraid of drawing in the amount of information and study required to grow and learn. ``` κολυμβάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: kolumbaó Phonetic Spelling: (kol-oom-bah'-o) Definition: to plunge into the sea Usage: (properly: I dive, hence) I swim. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from kolumbos (a diver) ``` ``` κολυμβήθρα, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: kolumbéthra Phonetic Spelling: (kol-oom-bay'-thrah) Definition: a pool Usage: (lit: a diving or swimming place), a pool. ```

Answer 667

DISABLED MIND - RESTRAINED MIND - INTERDICTED κατείχετο νοσήματι He was held back by disease, possessed by disease. ὑγιὴς ἐγίνετο ᾧ δήποτε κατείχετο νοσήματι. Whoever was possessed by disease, was made well. The elite hold back the power of knowledge from the masses. The elite lie for fear you may come to know their power and overcome. The elite conceal and obscure your path to remedy at law. The elite refuse to “give up” their legal and monetary advantages. κατείχετο he was held by V-IIP-3S From kata and echo; to hold down (fast), in various applications (literally or figuratively) -- have, hold (fast), keep (in memory), let, X make toward, possess, retain, seize on, stay, take, withhold. ``` κατάσχωμεν — 2 Occ. κατέχειν — 2 Occ. κατέχετε — 3 Occ. κατέχωμεν — 1 Occ. κατέχων — 1 Occ. κατέχον — 1 Occ. κατέχοντες — 2 Occ. κατεχόντων — 1 Occ. κατέχουσιν — 1 Occ. κατειχετο — 1 Occ. κατειχόμεθα — 1 Occ. κατεῖχον — 2 Occ. ``` interdict (v.) c. 1300, enterditen, "to place under ban of the Church, excommunicate," from Old French entredit (Modern French interdit), past participle of entredire "forbid by decree, excommunicate," from Latin interdicere "interpose by speech, prohibit, forbid," from inter "between" (see inter-) + dicere "to speak, to say" (from PIE root *deik- "to show," also "pronounce solemnly"). General sense "forbid, prohibit" in English is from early 15c. Related: Interdicted; interdicting; interdictory. ``` katechó: to hold fast, hold back Original Word: κατέχω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katechó Phonetic Spelling: (kat-ekh'-o) Definition: to hold fast, hold back Usage: (a) I hold fast, bind, arrest, (b) I take possession of, lay hold of, (c) I hold back, detain, restrain, (d) I hold a ship, keep its head. ``` to restrain, hinder (the course or progress of): τήν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικία, Romans 1:18; absolutely, τό κατέχον, that which hinders, namely, Antichrist from making his appearance (see ἀντίχριστος); the power of the Roman empire is meant; ὁ κατέχων, he that hinders, cheeks, namely, the advent of Antichrist, denotes the one in whom that power is lodged, the Roman emperor: to hold fast, keep secure, keep from possession of: Englishman's Concordance Luke 4:42 V-IIA-3P GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ κατεῖχον αὐτὸν τοῦ NAS: for Him, and came to Him and tried to keep Him from going away KJV: and stayed him, INT: him and were detaining him of the Luke 8:15 V-PIA-3P GRK: τὸν λόγον κατέχουσιν καὶ καρποφοροῦσιν NAS: heart, and hold it fast, and bear fruit KJV: the word, keep [it], and INT: the word keep [it] and bring forth fruit ``` Luke 14:9 V-PNA GRK: ἔσχατον τόπον κατέχειν NAS: you proceed to occupy the last KJV: with shame to take the lowest room. INT: last place to take ``` John 5:4 V-IIP-3S GRK: ᾧ δήποτε κατειχετο νοσήματι KJV: disease he had. INT: from whatever at the time he was held by disease ``` Acts 27:40 V-IIA-3P GRK: τῇ πνεούσῃ κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν NAS: to the wind, they were heading for the beach. KJV: to the wind, and made toward INT: to the wind they made for the ``` ``` Romans 1:18 V-PPA-GMP GRK: ἐν ἀδικίᾳ κατεχόντων NAS: of men who suppress the truth KJV: of men, who hold the truth INT: by unrighteousness suppress ``` ``` Romans 7:6 V-IIM/P-1P GRK: ἐν ᾧ κατειχόμεθα ὥστε δουλεύειν NAS: to that by which we were bound, so KJV: wherein we were held; that INT: in which we were held so that should serve ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 7:30 V-PPA-NMP GRK: ὡς μὴ κατέχοντες NAS: as though they did not possess; KJV: as though they possessed not; INT: as not possessing ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 11:2 V-PIA-2P GRK: τὰς παραδόσεις κατέχετε NAS: me in everything and hold firmly to the traditions, KJV: and keep the ordinances, INT: the traditions you keep ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 15:2 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὑμῖν εἰ κατέχετε ἐκτὸς εἰ NAS: if you hold fast the word KJV: if ye keep in memory what INT: to you if you hold fast unless if ``` ``` 2 Corinthians 6:10 V-PPA-NMP GRK: καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες NAS: nothing yet possessing all things. KJV: and [yet] possessing all things. INT: and all things possessing ``` ``` 1 Thessalonians 5:21 V-PMA-2P GRK: τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε NAS: everything [carefully]; hold fast to that which is good; KJV: all things; hold fast that which INT: the right hold fast ``` 2 Thessalonians 2:6 V-PPA-ANS GRK: νῦν τὸ κατέχον οἴδατε εἰς NAS: And you know what restrains him now, KJV: now ye know what withholdeth that he INT: now that which restrains you know for 2 Thessalonians 2:7 V-PPA-NMS GRK: μόνον ὁ κατέχων ἄρτι ἕως NAS: he who now restrains [will do so] until KJV: he who now letteth [will let], until INT: only [there is] he who restrains at present until ``` Philemon 1:13 V-PNA GRK: πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κατέχειν ἵνα ὑπὲρ NAS: I wished to keep with me, so KJV: I would have retained with me, INT: with myself to keep that for ``` Hebrews 3:6 V-ASA-1P GRK: τέλους βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν NAS: we are, if we hold fast our confidence KJV: we, if we hold fast the confidence and INT: [the] end firm we should hold ``` Hebrews 3:14 V-ASA-1P GRK: τέλους βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν NAS: if we hold fast the beginning KJV: if we hold the beginning INT: [the] end firm we should hold ``` ``` Hebrews 10:23 V-PSA-1P GRK: κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν NAS: Let us hold fast the confession KJV: Let us hold fast the profession INT: We should hold fast to the confession ``` Strong's Greek 2722 18 Occurrences

Answer 668

EXIST - PERMITTED LAWFULLY - LEGAL PERSON’S EXISTENCE exesti: it is permitted, lawful ``` Original Word: ἔξεστιν Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: exesti Phonetic Spelling: (ex'-es-tee) Definition: it is permitted, lawful Usage: it is permitted, lawful, possible. ``` eimi: I exist, I am ``` Original Word: εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist. HELPS Word-studies 1510 eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. "to be") – am, is. 1510 (eimí), and its counterparts, (properly) convey "straight-forward" being (existence, i.e. without explicit limits). ``` 1510 /eimí ("is, am") – in the present tense, indicative mood – can be time-inclusive ("omnitemporal," like the Hebrew imperfect tense). Only the context indicates whether the present tense also has "timeless" implications. For example, 1510 (eimí) is aptly used in Christ's great "I am" (ego eimi . . . ) that also include His eternality (self-existent life) as our life, bread, light," etc. See Jn 7:34, 8:58, etc. Example: Jn 14:6: "I am (1510 /eimí) the way, the truth and the life." Here 1510 (eimí) naturally accords with the fact Christ is eternal – maning "I am (was, will be)." The "I am formula (Gk egō eimi)" harks back to God's only name, "Yahweh" (OT/3068, "the lord") – meaning "He who always was, is, and will be." Compare Jn 8:58 with Ex 3:14. See also Rev 4:8 and 2962 /kýrios ("Lord").

Answer 669

TO VALUE - ESTEEM - GIVE HONOR TO - PAY A PRICE τιμᾷ is honoring V-PIA-3S timaó: to fix the value, to price ``` Original Word: τιμάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: timaó Phonetic Spelling: (tim-ah'-o) Definition: to fix the value, to price Usage: (a) I value at a price, estimate, (b) I honor, reverence. ``` properly, assign value (give honor), as it reflects the personal esteem (value, preciousness) attached to it by the beholder. See 5092 (timē). ``` τιμή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: timé Phonetic Spelling: (tee-may') Definition: a valuing, a price Usage: a price, honor. ``` "accord honor, pay respect") – properly, perceived value; worth (literally, "price") especially as perceived honor – i.e. what has value in the eyes of the beholder; (figuratively) the value (weight, honor) willingly assigned to something. From tino; a value, i.e. Money paid, or (concretely and collectively) valuables; by analogy, esteem (especially of the highest degree), or the dignity itself -- honour, precious, price, some. ``` τίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: tinó Phonetic Spelling: (tee'-no) Definition: to pay, to pay a penalty Usage: I pay (penalty). ``` to be punished, having to pay the penal fine attached to the crime (used only in 2 Thes 1:9). [In the papyri tinō also means "pay the penalty" (P Fay 21.24, ad 134), like "paying the fitting penalty"(MM, 636).]

Answer 670

TOMB - MEMORIAL - MONUMENT - REMEMBERANCE mnémeion: a memorial, a monument ``` Original Word: μνημεῖον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: mnémeion Phonetic Spelling: (mnay-mi'-on) Definition: a memorial, a monument Usage: a tomb, sepulcher, monument. ``` a neuter noun derived from 3451 /mousikós, "to remember, keep in memory") – a tomb (sepulchre). "any visible object for preserving or recalling the memory of any person or thing; a memorial, monument" mnémé: memory, remembrance ``` Original Word: μνήμη, ης, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: mnémé Phonetic Spelling: (mnay'-may) Definition: memory, remembrance Usage: memory, remembrance, mention. HELPS Word-studies 3420 mnḗmē (a feminine noun derived from 3415 /mnáomai) – remembrance, especially in a particular aspect ("a lasting memory"). This "memorial" (memory) deserves to be recollected, i.e. remembered to honor an important concept or teaching. ``` from mnaomai (in the sense of to be mindful of) mnaomai: be mindful, remember ``` Original Word: μνάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mnaomai Phonetic Spelling: (mnah'-om-ahee) Definition: be mindful, remember Usage: I remember, recollect. ``` to recall (bring to mind); remember, recollect, be mindful of. See also 3403 /mimnḗskō ("actively bring to mind"). mnésteuó: to espouse, betroth ``` Original Word: μνηστεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mnésteuó Phonetic Spelling: (mnace-tyoo'-o) Definition: to espouse, betroth Usage: I ask in marriage; pass: I am betrothed. HELPS Word-studies 3423 mnēsteúō – originally, "to woo and win; espouse, then to promise in marriage, betroth" (Abbott-Smith); to espouse; betroth. ``` from mnaomai (in the sense of to court a bride) menó: to stay, abide, remain ``` Original Word: μένω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: menó Phonetic Spelling: (men'-o) Definition: to stay, abide, remain Usage: I remain, abide, stay, wait; with acc: I wait for, await. ``` to sojourn with equivalent to not to depart, not to leave, to continue to be present: μετά τίνος (genitive of person), to maintain unbroken fellowship with one, adhere to his party, 1 John 2:19; to be constantly present to help one, of the Holy Spirit God is said μένειν in Christ, i. e. to dwell as it were within him, to be continually operative in him by his divine influence and energy, John 14:10; Christians are said μένειν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, to be rooted as it were in him, knit to him by the spirit they have received from him, 1 John 2:6, 24, 27; 1 John 3:6; hence, one is said μένειν in Christ or in God, and conversely Christ or God is said μένειν in one: μένει τί ἐν ἐμοί, something has established itself permanently within my soul, and always exerts its power in me ἡ χαρά ἡ ἐμή (not joy in me, i. e. of which I am the object, but the joy with which I am filled) —————————————————— sepulchre (n.) also sepulcher, c. 1200, "tomb, burial place," especially the cave where Jesus was buried outside Jerusalem (Holy Sepulcher or Saint Sepulcher) from Old French sepulcre "tomb; the Holy Sepulchre" (11c.) from Latin sepulcrum "grave, tomb, place where a corpse is buried," from root of sepelire "to bury, embalm," originally "to perform rituals on a corpse," from PIE *sep-el-yo-, suffixed form of root *sep- (2) "to handle (skillfully) to hold (reverently) source also of Sanskrit saparyati "honors." Verb sepeliō (present infinitive sepelīre, perfect active sepelīvī, supine sepultum); fourth conjugation I bury, inter I burn on a funeral pyre (figuratively) I destroy, ruin, overwhelm From a Proto-Indo-European root originally meaning “to perform rituals on a corpse,” same source as Sanskrit सपर्यति (saparyati, “honors”). Adjective sepulcrālis (neuter sepulcrāle); third-declension two-termination adjective sepulchral; pertaining to a tomb or funeral From sepulcrum (“grave, tomb”) Noun sepulcrum n (genitive sepulcrī); second declension grave, burial place tomb, sepulchre From sepultum, supine of sepeliō (“I inter”). inter (v.) "bury in the earth or a grave," c. 1300, formerly also enter, from Old French enterer (11c.), from Medieval Latin interrare "put in the earth, bury," from in- "in" (from PIE root *en "in") + Latin terra "earth" (from PIE root *ters- "to dry") *ters- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to dry." It forms all or part of: inter; Mediterranean; metatarsal; parterre; subterranean; tarsal; tarsus; Tartuffe; terra; terrace; terra-cotta; terrain; terran; terraqueous; terrarium; terrene; terrestrial; terrier; territory; thirst; toast; torrent; torrid; turmeric; tureen. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit tarsayati "dries up;" Avestan tarshu- "dry, solid;" Greek teresesthai "to become or be dry," tersainein "to make dry;" Latin torrere "dry up, parch," terra "earth, land;" Gothic þaursus "dry, barren," Old High German thurri, German dürr, Old English þyrre "dry;" Old English þurstig "thirsty." terra (n.) Latin, "earth," from PIE root *ters- "to dry." from Vulgar Latin *interrāre (“to put in earth”). Verb inter (third-person singular simple present inters, present participle interring, simple past and past participle interred) To bury in a grave. Synonyms: bury, inearth, entomb, inhume Antonyms: dig up, disentomb, disinter, exhume, unearth —————————————————— MUSE - MUSIC - MUSICIAN mousikos: skilled in the arts (esp. music) ``` Original Word: μουσικός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: mousikos Phonetic Spelling: (moo-sik-os') Definition: skilled in the arts (esp. music) Usage: skilled in music; subst: a musician, singer. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from Mousa (a Muse) ``` properly, devoted to and skilled in the arts sacred to the muses; accomplished in the liberal arts; specifically, skilled in music; playing on musical instruments; so Revelation 18:22 (R. V. minstrels). ``` musician. From Mousa (a Muse); "musical", i.e. (as noun) a minstrel -- musician ```

Answer 671

NEURON νευρικό κύτταρο Nerve cell A neuron or nerve cell is the cell that is a building block and functional unit of the nervous system . Each neuron consists of a cell body that includes the nucleus and a large number of organelles, and one or more branches. These are called dendrites when they collect the signals ( nerve impulses ) that are sent to the cell, and the axons transmit impulses from the cell body. Schematic diagram of a typical neuron The axons of peripheral nervous system cells are covered by a medullary sheath , i.e. a protective housing consisting of a large chain Swann cells ( Schwann ): this system ensures the propagation of electrical pulses (Spike) along the axis, at about 100 m / s. The number of spikes per second (Fi = Spike / s) is defined as the frequency of emptying or the frequency of nerve neurons. Electric pulses (spikes) are caused by a mechanism of polarization and depolarization of the neuron membrane. There is a gap between the sheaths, in which the axle is bare. This point is called the Ravie node and is rich insodium channels . At each node the signal is amplified again. The axons of the cells of the central nervous system are covered by myelin sheaths made by special neuroglial cells , the oligodendrites . The alteration of myelin present in the axons, due to a malfunction of the immune system , causes multiple sclerosis , which leads to the gradual loss of muscle control, brain function and the ability to transmit messages.

Answer 672

NUCLEUS - KERNEL The nucleus is usually the largest organelle of a cell . It is usually spherical or oval in shape and is the control center of the cell. There is the genetic material ( DNA ) in which the information about all the characteristics of the organism (structural and functional) is recorded. The nucleus also controls cellular activity. It is surrounded by a double membrane ( nuclear ) with openings (pores), through which molecules are exchanged between the nucleus and the rest of the cell. Most somatic cells have a single nucleus, some, like erythrocytes do not have a nucleus ( nucleus), while others, such as those that make up skeletal muscle fibers, have more than one ( multinucleated ).

Answer 673

Preposition ἐπῐ́ • (epí) (governs the genitive, dative and accusative) (+ genitive) on, upon (on the upper surface of) καθέζεται ἐπὶ θρόνου. kathézetai epì thrónou. He sits down on the throne. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.46: ἔκλαγξαν δ’ ἄρ’ ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ’ ὤμων χωομένοιο éklanxan d’ ár’ oïstoì ep’ ṓmōn khōoménoio The arrows rattled on the shoulders of the angry god as he moved. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.356: ἀλλ’ ἄγε δὴ φεύγωμεν ἐφ’ ἵππων all’ áge dḕ pheúgōmen eph’ híppōn Come, let us flee on our chariot. on (supported by) quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.153: ἔγχεα δέ σφιν / ὄρθ’ ἐπὶ σαυρωτῆρος ἐλήλατο énkhea dé sphin / órth’ epì saurōtêros elḗlato But their spears were driven into the ground erect on their spikes. (mostly post-Homeric) in quotations ▲ 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1705: ἇς ἔχρῃζε γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας / ἔθανε hâs ékhrēize gâs epì xénas / éthane He died on the foreign ground that he desired. 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.121E.2: τὴν θυγατέρα τὴν ἑωυτοῦ κατίσαι ἐπ’ οἰκήματος tḕn thugatéra tḕn heōutoû katísai ep’ oikḗmatos He put his own daughter in a brothel. at, near quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.153: ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασι / καλοὶ λαΐνεοι éntha d’ ep’ autáōn plunoì eurées engùs éasi / kaloì laḯneoi And there near these selfsame [springs] are broad washing-tanks, fair and wrought of stone. (of ships) at (dependent upon) ὁρμεῖν ἐπ’ ἀγκύρας hormeîn ep’ ankúras to ride at anchor (with reflexive or personal pronoun) by oneself ἐφ’ ἑαυτῶν ἐχώρουν eph’ heautôn ekhṓroun They proceeded by themselves. (with numerals, of a body of soldiers) deep quotations ▲ ἐτάχθησαν ἐπὶ τεττάρων etákhthēsan epì tettárōn They formed a line four men deep. 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.4.12: οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοι οὐκ ἔλαττον ἢ ἐπὶ πεντήκοντα ἀσπίδων συνεστραμμένοι ἦσαν hoi dè Thēbaîoi ouk élatton ḕ epì pentḗkonta aspídōn sunestramménoi êsan The Thebans, however, were massed not less than fifty shields deep. (with a person) before (in the presence of) quotations ▲ 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, First Tetralogy 3.8: οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ μαρτύρων ἀλλὰ κρυπτόμενα πράσσεται τὰ τοιαῦτα ou gàr epì martúrōn allà kruptómena prássetai tà toiaûta Crimes of this kind are committed in secret, not before witnesses. in the case of; on quotations ▲ ἐπὶ τῶν πλουσίων […] αἰσθάνομαι epì tôn plousíōn […] aisthánomai In the case of the rich, I can see that […] 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.9.3: ὁρῶ δ’ ἔγωγε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων πάντων ὁμοίως καὶ φύσει διαφέροντας ἀλλήλων τοὺς ἀνθρώπους horô d’ égōge kaì epì tôn állōn pántōn homoíōs kaì phúsei diaphérontas allḗlōn toùs anthrṓpous And similarly in all other points, I find that human beings naturally differ from one another. in the time of quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.332: τό γε νύσσα τέτυκτο ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων, / καὶ νῦν τέρματ’ ἔθηκε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς tó ge nússa tétukto epì protérōn anthrṓpōn, / kaì nûn térmat’ éthēke podárkēs dîos Akhilleús Haply it was made the turning-post of a race in the days of men of old, and now swift-footed goodly Achilles has appointed it his turning-post. (of authority, power, etc.) in quotations ▲ οἰ έπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων oi épì tôn pragmátōn the [men] in power 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Phocion 32.3: Δερκύλλου δὲ τοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας στρατηγοῦ συλλαβεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπιχειρήσαντος Derkúllou dè toû epì tês khṓras stratēgoû sullabeîn autòn epikheirḗsantos But Dercyllus, the Athenian general in command of the district, made an attempt to arrest him. on (an occasion) quotations ▲ 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 38: καὶ οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτου μόνον, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πάντων φαίνεται προῃρημένος μ’ ὑβρίζειν kaì ouk epì toútou mónon, all’ epì pántōn phaínetai proēirēménos m’ hubrízein And not only on that, but on every [occasion] he has shown a deliberate intention to insult me. (+ dative) on, upon quotations ▲ καθέζεται ἐπὶ θρόνῳ. kathézetai epì thrónōi. He sits down on the throne. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.354: ἀλλ’ ἄγε νῦν εἴσελθε καὶ ἕζεο τῷδ’ ἐπὶ δίφρῳ all’ áge nûn eíselthe kaì hézeo tôid’ epì díphrōi But come now, enter in, and sit thee upon this chair. 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1131: σιδηρονώτοις δ’ ἀσπίδος τύποις ἐπῆν / γίγας ἐπ’ ὤμοις γηγενὴς ὅλην πόλιν / φέρων μοχλοῖσιν ἐξανασπάσας βάθρων sidēronṓtois d’ aspídos túpois epên / gígas ep’ ṓmois gēgenḕs hólēn pólin / phérōn mokhloîsin exanaspásas báthrōn This device his shield bore upon its iron back: an earth-born giant carrying on his shoulders a whole city which he had wrenched from its base. in quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.77.2: νικήσαντες δὲ καὶ τούτους τετρακισχιλίους κληρούχους ἐπὶ τῶν ἱπποβοτέων τῇ χώρῃ λείπουσι nikḗsantes dè kaì toútous tetrakiskhilíous klēroúkhous epì tôn hippobotéōn têi khṓrēi leípousi And after overcoming them as well, they left four thousand tenant farmers on the lands of the horse-breeders. at, near quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.408: αἱ δὲ νέμονται / πὰρ Κόρακος πέτρῃ ἐπί τε κρήνῃ Ἀρεθούσῃ hai dè némontai / pàr Kórakos pétrēi epí te krḗnēi Arethoúsēi They are feeding by the rock of Corax and near the spring Arethusa. over quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.261: τοῖο δ’ ἐπ’ Ἰφιδάμαντι κάρη ἀπέκοψε παραστάς toîo d’ ep’ Iphidámanti kárē apékopse parastás And he drew near and struck off his head over [the body of] Iphidamas. in honor of quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.91: οἷ’ ἐπὶ σοὶ κατέθηκε θεὰ περικαλλέ’ ἄεθλα hoî’ epì soì katéthēke theà perikallé’ áethla Such beautiful prises did the goddess set there in thy honor. against quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.74.1: ἐνθεῦτεν δὲ ἀπικόμενος ἐς τὴν Ἀρκαδίην νεώτερα ἔπρησσε πρήγματα, συνιστὰς τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἐπὶ τῆ Σπάρτῃ entheûten dè apikómenos es tḕn Arkadíēn neṓtera éprēsse prḗgmata, sunistàs toùs Arkádas epì tê Spártēi From there he came to Arcadia and stirred up disorder, uniting the Arcadians against Sparta. in addition to, over, besides quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.454: ὢ πόποι, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ’ 'ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν ṑ pópoi, ouk ára soí g’ 'epì eídeï kaì phrénes êsan Well, now, it seems that you at least do not have wits in addition to your beauty. (with duplication of head noun) after quotations ▲ ὄγχνη ἐπ’ ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει ónkhnē ep’ ónkhnēi gēráskei One pear after another ripens. 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 404: βοᾷ γὰρ λοιγὸς Ἐρινὺν / παρὰ τῶν πρότερον φθιμένων ἄτην / ἑτέραν ἐπάγουσαν ἐπ’ ἄτῃ boâi gàr loigòs Erinùn / parà tôn próteron phthiménōn átēn / hetéran epágousan ep’ átēi Murder cries out on the Fury, which from those killed before brings one ruin after another. in the power of quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.29.2: νῦν τε παρὰ τῷ βαρβάρῳ τοσοῦτο δυνάμεθα ὥστε ἐπ’ ἡμῖν ἐστι τῆς γῆς ἐστερῆσθαι καὶ πρὸς ἠνδραποδίσθαι ὑμέας nûn te parà tôi barbárōi tosoûto dunámetha hṓste ep’ hēmîn esti tês gês esterêsthai kaì pròs ēndrapodísthai huméas And now we bear such weight with the foreigner that it is in our power to have you deprived of your lands and enslaved. according to quotations ▲ 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timocrates 56: τὰς δίκας καὶ τὰς διαίτας, ὅσαι ἐγένοντο ἐπὶ τοῖς νόμοις ἐν δημοκρατουμένῃ τῇ πόλει, κυρίας εἶναι tàs díkas kaì tàs diaítas, hósai egénonto epì toîs nómois en dēmokratouménēi têi pólei, kurías eînai Judgements and awards given according to the law while the government was democratic, shall be valid. (of conditions or circumstances) in, with quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.175: σέο δ’ ὀστέα πύσει ἄρουρα κειμένου ἐν Τροίῃ ἀτελευτήτῳ ἐπὶ ἔργῳ séo d’ ostéa púsei ároura keiménou en Troíēi ateleutḗtōi epì érgōi And the earth will rot your bones as you lie in the land of Troy with your task unfinished. 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1554: κἀπ’ εὐπραξίᾳ / μέμνησθέ μου θανόντος εὐτυχεῖς ἀεί kap’ eupraxíāi / mémnēsthé mou thanóntos eutukheîs aeí And in your prosperity, remember me in my death, and be fortunate evermore. 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.3.12: τοσαύτας μὲν αὐτοῖς εὐθυμίας παρεῖχεν ἐπὶ τῷ δείπνῳ tosaútas mèn autoîs euthumías pareîkhen epì tôi deípnōi He furnished them such amusement at dinner. (of time, never in proper Attic) at, on quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.529: ἀλλ’ ἤτοι ἐπὶ νυκτὶ φυλάξομεν ἡμέας αὐτούς all’ ḗtoi epì nuktì phuláxomen hēméas autoús Surely at night we will guard our own selves. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.234: ἀλλ’ αὖθι κυνῶν μέλπηθρα γένοιτο, / ὅς τις ἐπ’ ἤματι τῷδε ἑκὼν μεθίῃσι μάχεσθαι all’ aûthi kunôn mélpēthra génoito, / hós tis ep’ ḗmati tôide hekṑn methíēisi mákhesthai But here may he, who on this day of his own will shrinks from fight, become the sport of dogs. (of time) after quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.164.3: μαθὼν δὲ ἐπ’ ἐξεργασμένοισι τὸ μαντήιον ἐὸν τοῦτο mathṑn dè ep’ exergasménoisi tò mantḗion eòn toûto Then, perceiving after the deed had been done that this was the meaning of the oracle […] (expressing a cause) on account of, for quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.585: ἦ τ’ ἔτι πολλὰ τετεύξεται ἄλγε’ ἐπ’ αὐτῇ ê t’ éti pollà teteúxetai álge’ ep’ autêi Many be the woes that shall yet be wrought because of her. (expressing a purpose) for quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.154: ὃ δὲ τείρετο γήραϊ λυγρῷ, υἱὸν δ’ οὐ τέκετ’ ἄλλον ἐπὶ κτεάτεσσι λιπέσθαι hò dè teíreto gḗraï lugrôi, huiòn d’ ou téket’ állon epì kteátessi lipésthai And their father was fordone with grievous old age, and begat no other son to leave in charge of his possessions. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.44: γαστέρες αἵδ’ αἰγῶν κέατ’ ἐν πυρί, τὰς ἐπὶ δόρπῳ / κατθέμεθα gastéres haíd’ aigôn kéat’ en purí, tàs epì dórpōi / katthémetha Here at the fire lie goats' paunches, which we set there for supper. (of a condition) on quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.60.3: ἐνδεξαμένου δὲ τὸν λόγον καὶ ὁμολογήσαντος ἐπὶ τούτοισι Πεισιστράτου, μηχανῶνται δὴ ἐπὶ τῇ κατόδῳ πρῆγμα endexaménou dè tòn lógon kaì homologḗsantos epì toútoisi Peisistrátou, mēkhanôntai dḕ epì têi katódōi prêgma When this offer was accepted by Pisistratus, who agreed on these terms [with Megacles], they devised a plan to bring Pisistratus back. 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica : ἀλλ’ ἐποιοῦντο εἰρήνην ἐφ’ ᾧ τά τε μακρὰ τείχη καὶ τὸν Πειραιᾶ καθελόντας all’ epoioûnto eirḗnēn eph’ hôi tá te makrà teíkhē kaì tòn Peiraiâ kathelóntas They offered to make peace on the condition that the Athenians destroy the long walls and the walls of Piraeus. for (i.e. in exchange for) quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.304: τίς κέν μοι τόδε ἔργον ὑποσχόμενος τελέσειε / δώρῳ ἔπι μεγάλῳ tís kén moi tóde érgon huposkhómenos teléseie / dṓrōi épi megálōi Who is there now that would promise me this deed and bring it to pass for a great gift? (of a name) for quotations ▲ 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, R 470b: ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τῇ τοῦ οἰκείου ἔχθρᾳ στάσις κέκληται, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου πόλεμος epì mèn oûn têi toû oikeíou ékhthrāi stásis kéklētai, epì dè têi toû allotríou pólemos Now the term employed for the hostility of the friendly is faction, and for that of the alien is war. in charge of quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.209: Ὀδυσῆος ἀμύμονος, ὅς μ’ ἐπὶ βουσὶν / εἷσ’ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα Odusêos amúmonos, hós m’ epì bousìn / heîs’ éti tutthòn eónta Blameless Odysseus, who set me in charge of his cattle […] (+ accusative) onto (the upper surface of) quotations ▲ ἀνέβαινεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον anébainen epì tòn híppon He got up onto the horse. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.386: ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου all’ epì púrgon ébē mégan Ilíou But she went onto the great wall of Ilios. 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.131.2: οἳ δὲ νομίζουσι Διὶ μὲν ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλότατα τῶν ὀρέων ἀναβαίνοντες θυσίας ἔρδειν hoì dè nomízousi Diì mèn epì tà hupsēlótata tôn oréōn anabaínontes thusías érdein They are accustomed to go up onto the highest peaks of the mountains to offer sacrifices to Zeus. to quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.12: ὃ γὰρ ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα hò gàr êlthe thoàs epì nêas Akhaiôn lusómenós te thúgatra For he had come to the swift ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.421: αἳ δ’ ὅτ’ Ἀλεξάνδροιο δόμον περικαλλέ’ ἵκοντο, ἀμφίπολοι μὲν ἔπειτα θοῶς ἐπὶ ἔργα τράποντο haì d’ hót’ Alexándroio dómon perikallé’ híkonto, amphípoloi mèn épeita thoôs epì érga tráponto Now when they were come to the beautiful palace of Alexander, the handmaids turned forthwith to their tasks. up to, as far as quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.181.1: ὑπὲρ δὲ τῆς θηριώδεος ὀφρύη ψάμμης κατήκει παρατείνουσα ἀπὸ Θηβέων τῶν Αἰγυπτιέων ἐπ’ Ἡρακλέας στήλας hupèr dè tês thēriṓdeos ophrúē psámmēs katḗkei parateínousa apò Thēbéōn tôn Aiguptiéōn ep’ Hērakléas stḗlas Beyond this wild beasts' haunt runs a ridge of sand that stretches from Thebes of Egypt up to the Pillars of Heracles. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.248: οὐ γάρ πω πάντων ἐπὶ πείρατ’ ἀέθλων / ἤλθομεν ou gár pō pántōn epì peírat’ aéthlōn / ḗlthomen We have not yet come to the end of all our trials. (with a person) to before, into the presence of quotations ▲ 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 10:18: καὶ ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας δὲ καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ kaì epì hēgemónas dè kaì basileîs akhthḗsesthe héneken emoû Yes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake. (of an army) deep quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.93: ἐπ’ ἀσπίδας δὲ πέντε μὲν καὶ εἴκοσι Θηβαῖοι ἐτάξαντο ep’ aspídas dè pénte mèn kaì eíkosi Thēbaîoi etáxanto The Thebans formed twenty-five shields deep. to or into a certain side quotations ▲ 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.74: Χαλκιδέες τε ἐπὶ τὰ ἕτερα ἐσίνοντο ἐπιόντες χώρους τῆς Ἀττικῆς Khalkidées te epì tà hétera esínonto epióntes khṓrous tês Attikês The Chalcidians however attacked on another side and raided lands in Attica. against quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.590: τοὺς δ’ Ἕκτωρ ἐνόησε κατὰ στίχας, ὦρτο δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς / κεκλήγων toùs d’ Héktōr enóēse katà stíkhas, ôrto d’ ep’ autoùs / keklḗgōn But Hector marked them across the ranks, and rushed against them shouting aloud. over quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.159: οὕτω δὴ οἶκον δὲ φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν / Ἀργεῖοι φεύξονται ἐπ’ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης hoútō dḕ oîkon dè phílēn es patrída gaîan / Argeîoi pheúxontai ep’ euréa nôta thalássēs Is it thus indeed that the Argives are to flee their dear native land over the broad back of the sea? (of time) for, during quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.299: τλῆτε φίλοι, καὶ μείνατ’ ἐπὶ χρόνον tlête phíloi, kaì meínat’ epì khrónon Endure, my friends, and abide for a time. (of time) up to, until quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.288: ἔνθα μὲν ἐν φύλλοισι φίλον τετιημένος ἦτορ / εὗδον παννύχιος καὶ ἐπ’ ἠῶ éntha mèn en phúlloisi phílon tetiēménos êtor / heûdon pannúkhios kaì ep’ ēô So there among the leaves I slept, my heart sore stricken, the whole night through, until the morning. for (the purpose of) quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.421: ἀλλ’ ἄγ’ ὁ μὲν πεδίονδ’ ἐπὶ βοῦν, ἴτω all’ ág’ ho mèn pedíond’ epì boûn, ítō Come now, let one go to the plain for a heifer. for (with respect to) quotations ▲ 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 889: ἡμεῖς γὰρ ἁγνοὶ τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρην hēmeîs gàr hagnoì toupì tḗnde tḕn kórēn Our hands are clean with respect to this girl. over (in command of) quotations ▲ 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.58: ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς πεζοὺς τῶν ὁμοτίμων ἀνθ’ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστον καθιστάναι ἄλλον ἄρχοντα τῶν ὁμοτίμων epì dè toùs pezoùs tôn homotímōn anth’ hautoû hékaston kathistánai állon árkhonta tôn homotímōn He also instructed each one of the newly-mounted officers to appoint some other peer to take his place of command over the infantry of the peers. (without a noun) as well, besides (often with δέ (dé)) quotations ▲ 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.529: οἳ μὲν τὰ προϊδόντες ἐπέδραμον, ὦκα δ’ ἔπειτα / τάμνοντ’ ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας καὶ πώεα καλὰ / ἀργεννέων οἰῶν, κτεῖνον δ’ ἐπὶ μηλοβοτῆρας hoì mèn tà proïdóntes epédramon, ôka d’ épeita / támnont’ amphì boôn agélas kaì pṓea kalà / argennéōn oiôn, kteînon d’ epì mēlobotêras But the liers-in-wait, when they saw these coming on, rushed forth against them and speedily cut off the herds of cattle and fair flocks of white-fleeced sheep, and slew the herdsmen as well.

Answer 674

WE KNOW οἴδαμεν we know V-RIA-1P οἶδας you know V-RIA-2S ``` Strong's Concordance eidó: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Original Word: οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. ``` properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying." 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension). eidos: visible form, shape, appearance, kind Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidos Phonetic Spelling: (i'-dos) Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class. "to see, apprehend" – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes "what is physically seen" (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida). Example: 1491 /eídos ("visible appearance") refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: "And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove"; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: "And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming"; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: "You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form." ``` οἶδα (oida) — 56 Occurrences Matthew 25:12 V-RIA-1S GRK: ὑμῖν οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς KJV: I say unto you, I know you not. INT: to you not I do know you ``` Matthew 26:70 V-RIA-1S GRK: λέγων Οὐκ οἶδα τί λέγεις KJV: [them] all, saying, I know not what INT: saying Not I know what you say Matthew 26:72 V-RIA-1S GRK: ὅτι Οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον KJV: I do not know the man. INT: not I know the man Matthew 26:74 V-RIA-1S GRK: ὅτι Οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον KJV: [saying], I know not INT: not I know the man

Answer 675

WONDER ``` θαυμάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: thaumazó Phonetic Spelling: (thou-mad'-zo) Definition: to marvel, wonder Usage: (a) intrans: I wonder, marvel, (b) trans: I wonder at, admire. ``` "a wonder, marvel") – properly, wonder at, be amazed (marvel), i.e. astonished out of one's senses; awestruck, "wondering very greatly" (Souter); to cause "wonder; . . . to regard with amazement, and with a suggestion of beginning to speculate on the matter" (WS, 225). ``` θαῦμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: thauma Phonetic Spelling: (thos'-mah) Definition: a wonder Usage: (a) concr: a marvel, wonder, (b) abstr: wonder, amazement. ``` a wonder, evoking "emotional" astonishment (gaping) at the marvel, i.e. performed to powerfully strike the viewer personally (uniquely, individually). See 2296 (thaumázō). Word Origin akin to theaomai Apparently from a form of theaomai; wonder (properly concrete; but by implication, abstract) -- admiration. ``` θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit. ``` from tháomai, "to gaze at a spectacle" – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer. [2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron ("spectacle in a theatre"), the root of the English term, "theatre."] ——————————————— wonder (n.) Old English wundor "marvelous thing, miracle, object of astonishment," from Proto-Germanic *wundran (source also of Old Saxon wundar, Middle Dutch, Dutch wonder, Old High German wuntar, German wunder, Old Norse undr), of unknown origin. In Middle English it also came to mean the emotion associated with such a sight (late 13c.). To be no wonder was in Old English. The original wonder drug (1939) was Sulfanilamide. wonder (v.) Old English wundrian "be astonished," also "admire; make wonderful, magnify," from the source of wonder (n.). Cognate with Dutch wonderen, Old High German wuntaron, German wundern. Sense of "entertain some doubt or curiosity" is late 13c. Related: Wondered; wondering. astonish (v.) c. 1300, astonien, "to stun, strike senseless," from Old French estoner "to stun, daze, deafen, astound," from Vulgar Latin *extonare, from Latin ex "out" (see ex-) + tonare "to thunder" (see thunder (n.)); so, literally "to leave someone thunderstruck." The modern form (influenced by English verbs in -ish, such as distinguish, diminish) is attested from 1520s. The meaning "amaze, shock with wonder" is from 1610s. stun (v.) early 14c., "to daze or render unconscious" (from a blow, powerful emotion, etc.), probably a shortening of Old French estoner "to stun" (see astonish). Related: Stunned; stunning. Related entries & more astound (v.) mid-15c., from Middle English astouned, astoned (c. 1300), past participle of astonen, astonien "to stun" (see astonish), with more of the original sense of Vulgar Latin *extonare. The unusual form is perhaps because the past participle was so much more common it came to be taken for the infinitive, or/and by the same pattern which produced round (v.) from round (adj.), or by the intrusion of an unetymological -d as in sound (n.1). Related: Astounded; astounding. Latin Verb tonāre present active infinitive of tonō second-person singular present passive imperative of tonō second-person singular present passive indicative of tonō ``` Verb tonō (present infinitive tonāre, perfect active tonuī, supine tonitum); first conjugation I thunder. I speak thunderously. I resound like thunder. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”), replacing the likely earlier form tonere (“thunder”) and related to tonitrus (“thunder”), Old Norse Þórr (“Thor”), English thunder. PIE root likely related to Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to sigh, groan”), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, sigh, groan”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), Russian стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”). Different root and not demonstrably related to Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“stretch”), whence Ancient Greek τείνω (teínō, “to stretch”), τόνος (tónos, “chord, tone, tension”) and (with an extension) Latin tendere (“to stretch”). Unrelated to Latin tonus (“stretching, tone”), a borrowing from Ancient Greek.

Answer 676

SEAL — VERIFY — AUTHENTICATE CODEX — CIPHER — SECURITY — GUARANTEE From αὐτο- (“self”) + ἕντης (worker, one who acts on his own authority) From Proto-Indo-European *senh₁- (“to prepare, work on, succeed”) +‎ -της (masculine agentive suffix) —————————————————— εξουσία • (exousía) f (plural εξουσίες) authority, power (the enforcement of rules etc) ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ • (exousíā) f (genitive ἐξουσῐ́ᾱς); first declension power, means, license, or authority to do something. power, authority office, title means, resources pomp From ἐξοντ- (exont-, participle) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (verbal adjective suffix) from ἔξεστι (éxesti, “it is possible, it is allowed”). Participle ὤν • (ṓn) present participle of εἰμί (eimí) actual, real Adverb όντως • (óntos) (formal) indeed, really, truly, in fact Participle ὄντος • (óntos) masculine genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí) neuter genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn) ουσία From ὤν present participle of εἰμί (“to be”), + -ίᾱ (abstract noun suffix). from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”). Participle *h₁sónts active participle of *h₁ésti ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology Athematic root present of the root *h₁es-. Verb *h₁ésti (imperfective) to be ``` Germanic: *sanþaz (“real, true”) English sooth (“true, a fact”). Albanian: *sana Albanian: gjë (“thing”) Albanian: senë (“thing”) Sanskrit: सत् (sát, “existing, real”) Sanskrit सत् (sát, “being, essence, reality”) Latin: sōns (“guilty, criminal”), (ab-sēns, prae-sēns) Latin: ab-sēns From ab- (“from, away”) +‎ sum (“I am”) absum (present infinitive abesse, perfect active āfuī, future participle āfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle I am away, I am absent, I am distant Present active participle of absum (“be away from, absent”) Participle absēns (genitive absentis); third-declension one-termination participle absent, missing praesēns From prae- (“before, in front, preceding”) +‎ sum (“I am”) ``` Adjective praesēns (genitive praesentis); third-declension one-termination adjective present immediate at hand existing prompt propitious (grammar) present ``` ``` ουσία • (ousía) f (plural ουσίες) being substance meaning, sense essence ``` οὐσίᾱ • (ousíā) f (genitive οὐσίᾱς); first declension that which is one's own, one's substance, property (philosophy) Synonym of φύσις (phúsis) stable being, immutable reality substance, essence true nature of that which is a member of a kind the possession of such a nature, substantiality (in the concrete) the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature (logic) substance as the leading category (various uses after Plato and Aristotle) Pythagorean name for I name of a plaster a fire-resisting substance (in magic) a material thing by which a connection is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent —————————————————— AUTHENTICATION FACTORS Authentication factors[edit] The ways in which someone may be authenticated fall into three categories, based on what are known as the factors of authentication: something the user knows, something the user has, and something the user is. Each authentication factor covers a range of elements used to authenticate or verify a person's identity prior to being granted access, approving a transaction request, signing a document or other work product, granting authority to others, and establishing a chain of authority. Security research has determined that for a positive authentication, elements from at least two, and preferably all three, factors should be verified.[5] The three factors (classes) and some of elements of each factor are: the knowledge factors: Something the user knows (e.g., a password, partial password, pass phrase, personal identification number (PIN), challenge response (the user must answer a question or pattern), security question). the ownership factors: Something the user has (e.g., wrist band, ID card, security token, implanted device, cell phone with built-in hardware token, software token, or cell phone holding a software token). the inference factors: Something the user is or does (e.g., fingerprint, retinal pattern, DNA sequence (there are assorted definitions of what is sufficient), signature, face, voice, unique bio-electric signals, or other biometric identifier). A difficult-to-reproduce physical artifact, such as a seal, signature, watermark, special stationery, or fingerprint. A shared secret, such as a passphrase, in the content of the message. An electronic signature; public-key infrastructure is often used to cryptographically guarantee that a message has been signed by the holder of a particular private key. —————————————————— https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_custody https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(cryptography) https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_signing_party https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_of_trust https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_(law) https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge–response_authentication https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric-key_algorithm https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_document https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_verification_service https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge-based_authentication https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out_of_wallet https: //www.trulioo.com/blog/infographic-the-history-of-id-verification https: //www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/authentication.aspx https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirograph https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indenture ————————————————————— PAPER FOLD AUTHENTICATION Take two paper contracts and fold them together at the same time. They will then both have an identical crease that cannot be replicated. ————————————————————— χειρόγραφον The Latin word chirographum, often spelled cirographum or cyrographum in the medieval period, is derived from the Greek χειρόγραφον, and simply means "handwritten". A chirograph is a medieval document, which has been written in duplicate, triplicate or very occasionally quadruplicate (four copies) on a single piece of parchment, with the Latin word chirographum (occasionally replaced by some other term) written across the middle, and then cut through to separate the parts. The term also refers to a papal decree whose circulation is limited to the Roman curia. —————————————————————— Indenture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indenture The term comes from the medieval English "indenture of retainer"[1] — a legal contract written in duplicate on the same sheet, with the copies separated by cutting along a jagged (toothed, hence the term "indenture") line so that the teeth of the two parts could later be refitted to confirm authenticity (chirograph).[2] Each party to the deed would then retain a part. When the agreement was made before a court of law a tripartite indenture was made, with the third piece kept at the court. The term is used for any kind of deed executed by more than one party, in contrast to a deed poll which is made by one individual. In the case of bonds, the indenture shows the pledge, promises, representations and covenants of the issuing party. —————————————————————— Deed Poll = Thumb Print πράξη δημοσκόπηση δημοσκόπηση (δήμος “people, state” + σκόπηση “-scope”) Poll δήμος • (dímos) m (plural δήμοι) (historical) people, common people (the body of citizens of a city-state in ancient Greece) common people (historical) deme (a subdivision of ancient Attica) municipality, deme ``` πράξη • (práxi) f (plural πράξεις) act, deed action, praxis (finance) transaction (computing, logic, mathematics) operation (drama) act ``` ``` Noun πρᾶξῐς • (prâxis) f (genitive πρᾱ́ξεως); third declension deed, act, action, activity business dealing success collection of debts, arrears business, office work, treatise magic spell (euphemistic) sexual intercourse conduct, practice state, condition ``` πρᾱ́σσω • (prā́ssō) (Koine) I do, practice From *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”) pollex thumb, pollex, big toe pollex m (genitive pollicis); third declension thumb great toe a unit of distance, equivalent to approximately 24.6 mm; one uncia (see also: Ancient Roman units of measurement) seal (insignia) The term "deed", also known in this context as a "specialty", is common to signed written undertakings not supported by consideration: the seal (even if not a literal wax seal but only a notional one referred to by the execution formula, "signed, sealed and delivered", or even merely "executed as a deed") is deemed to be the consideration necessary to support the obligation. "Poll" is an archaic legal term referring to documents with straight edges; these distinguished a deed binding only one person from one affecting more than a single person (an "indenture", so named during the time when such agreements would be written out repeatedly on a single sheet, then the copies separated by being irregularly torn or cut, i.e. "indented", so that each party had a document with corresponding tears, to discourage forgery). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deed_poll Translations of deed Part of speech Translation Reverse translations Frequency help_outline Noun πράξη act, practice, transaction, action, deed, effect έγγραφο document, record, writing, paper, deed έργο work, task, opus, doing, deed κατόρθωμα feat, achievement, deed, tour de force άθλος feat, achievement, deed συμφωνητικό contract, agreement, deed —————————————————————— Authentication (from Greek: αὐθεντικός authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of proving an assertion, such as the identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity.[1] It might involve validating personal identity documents, verifying the authenticity of a website with a digital certificate,[2] determining the age of an artifact by carbon dating, or ensuring that a product or document is not counterfeit. —————————————————— Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively[1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. —————————————————— Adjective αὐθεντῐκός • (authentikós) m (feminine αὐθεντῐκή, neuter αὐθεντῐκόν); first/second declension warranted, authentic, authoritative Noun αὐθέντης • (authéntēs) m (genitive αὐθέντου); first declension a perpetrator of any act, especially that he commits a murder with his own hand a suicide, a person who has intentionally killed himself an absolute ruler, an autocrat From αὐτο- (auto-, “self”) +‎ *ἕντης (*héntēs) from Proto-Indo-European *senh₁- (“to prepare, work on, succeed”) +‎ -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix) whence also ἀνύω (anúō, “I effect, accomplish”) συνέντης (sunéntēs, “helper, accomplice”). ἕντης one who acts on his own authority αὐθεντέω G831 Occurrences in the NT: 1 *† αὐθεντέω, -ῶ (< αὐθέντης, i.e. αὐτο- ἕντης, one who acts on his own authority, in π., an autocrat; cf. Wi 12:6; cf. -ία, III Mac 2:29; -ικος is freq. in vernacular, MM, s.v.), to govern, exercise authority over: I Ti 2:12.† αὐθεντέω Transliteration: authentéō Derivation: from a compound of G846 and an obsolete ἕντης (héntēs) (a worker); Definition: to act of oneself, i.e. (figuratively) dominate αὐθεντέω 1. one who with his own hands kills another or himself 2. one who acts on his own authority, autocratic 3. an absolute master 4. to govern, exercise dominion over one ἕντης hentes (a worker) ἕντης (a worker); to act of oneself, i.e. (figurative) dominate: — usurp authority over. —————————————————— σκυτάλη σκύταλον In cryptography, a scytale (/ˈskɪtəliː/; also transliterated skytale, Ancient Greek: σκυτάλη skutálē "baton, cylinder", also σκύταλον skútalon) is a tool used to perform a transposition cipher, consisting of a cylinder with a strip of parchment wound around it on which is written a message. The ancient Greeks, and the Spartans in particular, are said to have used this cipher to communicate during military campaigns. https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scytale https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition_cipher σκυτάλη • (skytáli) f (plural σκυτάλες) (athletics) baton (used in relay races) (ancient history) stick used for carrying messages in ancient Sparta Noun σκῠτάλη • (skutálē) f (genitive σκῠτάλης); first declension A staff, a cudgel, a club A baton used in Sparta as a cypher for writing dispatches A pole or staff like those of a sedan chair A strickle for levelling grain A wooden tally or ticket on a money bag A rod of metal or ivory A scourge whip A handle or lever in a machine A handspike for turning a wheel A sucker from a stem A serpent of uniform roundness and thickness (anatomy) A phalanx —————————————————— ἐσφράγισεν has set his seal V-AIA-3S ``` σφραγίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: sphragizó Phonetic Spelling: (sfrag-id'-zo) Definition: to seal Usage: I seal, set a seal upon. ``` "a seal") – properly, to seal (affix) with a signet ring or other instrument to stamp (a roller or seal), i.e. to attest ownership, authorizing (validating) what is sealed. 4972 /sphragízō ("to seal") signifies ownership and the full security carried by the backing (full authority) of the owner. "Sealing" in the ancient world served as a "legal signature" which guaranteed the promise (contents) of what was sealed. [Sealing was sometimes done in antiquity by the use of religious tattoos – again signifying "belonging to."] ``` σφραγίς, ῖδος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: sphragis Phonetic Spelling: (sfrag-ece') Definition: a seal, a signet Usage: a seal, signet ring, the impression of a seal, that which the seal attests, the proof. ``` an etched (engraved) object pressed into soft wax or clay to seal a document (letter); a "seal." "Seal" is often used metaphorically (Ro 4:11; 1 Cor 9:2; 2 Tim 2:19; Rev 9:4). For more discussion see 4972 (sphragízō), and the HELPS prophecy-guide at "the Great Tribulation." ———————————————- VOUCHER Etymology The word "cipher" (minority spelling "cypher") in former times meant "zero" and had the same origin: Middle French as cifre and Medieval Latin as cifra, from the Arabic صفر sifr = zero (see Zero—Etymology). "Cipher" was later used for any decimal digit, even any number. There are many theories about how the word "cipher" may have come to mean "encoding". Encoding often involved numbers. The Roman number system was very cumbersome because there was no concept of zero (or empty space). The concept of zero (which was also called "cipher"), led to cipher meaning concealment of clear messages or encryption. The French formed the word "chiffre" and adopted the Italian word "zero". The English used "zero" for "0", and "cipher" from the word "ciphering" as a means of computing. The Germans used the words "Ziffer" (digit) and "Chiffre". The Dutch still use the word "cijfer" to refer to a numerical digit. The Slovaks, similarly, also sometimes use the word "cifra" ("číslica" in Slovak) to refer to a numerical digit, they use word "číslo" for a number. The Bosnians, Croats and Serbians use the word "cifra", which refers to a digit, or in some cases, any number. Besides "cifra", they use word "broj" for a number. The Italians and the Spanish also use the word "cifra" to refer to a digit. The Swedes use the word "siffra" which refers to a digit, and "chiffer". The Greeks use the word "τζίφρα" ("tzifra") to refer to a hard-to-read signature, especially one written with a single stroke of the pen. Out of wallet verification Typical out of wallet questions a user may be asked include: What was the color of your first car? What is the name of the first school you attended? What is the name of the hospital you were born in?

Answer 677

DEED POLL From πράξη (“act, deed) From δήμος (“people, state”) + σκόπηση (“-scope”) Deed Poll = Thumb Print πράξη δημοσκόπηση δημοσκόπηση (δήμος “people, state” + σκόπηση “-scope”) Poll δήμος • (dímos) m (plural δήμοι) (historical) people, common people (the body of citizens of a city-state in ancient Greece) common people (historical) deme (a subdivision of ancient Attica) municipality, deme ``` πράξη • (práxi) f (plural πράξεις) act, deed action, praxis (finance) transaction (computing, logic, mathematics) operation (drama) act ``` ``` Noun πρᾶξῐς • (prâxis) f (genitive πρᾱ́ξεως); third declension deed, act, action, activity business dealing success collection of debts, arrears business, office work, treatise magic spell (euphemistic) sexual intercourse conduct, practice state, condition ``` πρᾱ́σσω • (prā́ssō) (Koine) I do, practice From *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”) pollex thumb, pollex, big toe pollex m (genitive pollicis); third declension thumb great toe a unit of distance, equivalent to approximately 24.6 mm; one uncia (see also: Ancient Roman units of measurement) seal (insignia) The term "deed", also known in this context as a "specialty", is common to signed written undertakings not supported by consideration: the seal (even if not a literal wax seal but only a notional one referred to by the execution formula, "signed, sealed and delivered", or even merely "executed as a deed") is deemed to be the consideration necessary to support the obligation. "Poll" is an archaic legal term referring to documents with straight edges; these distinguished a deed binding only one person from one affecting more than a single person (an "indenture", so named during the time when such agreements would be written out repeatedly on a single sheet, then the copies separated by being irregularly torn or cut, i.e. "indented", so that each party had a document with corresponding tears, to discourage forgery). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deed_poll Translations of deed Part of speech Translation Reverse translations Frequency help_outline Noun πράξη act, practice, transaction, action, deed, effect έγγραφο document, record, writing, paper, deed έργο work, task, opus, doing, deed κατόρθωμα feat, achievement, deed, tour de force άθλος feat, achievement, deed συμφωνητικό contract, agreement, deed

Answer 678

AUTHORITY - BEING - PERSONHOOD εξουσία • (exousía) f (plural εξουσίες) authority, power (the enforcement of rules etc) ἐξουσῐ́ᾱ • (exousíā) f (genitive ἐξουσῐ́ᾱς); first declension power, means, license, or authority to do something. power, authority office, title means, resources pomp From ἐξοντ- (exont-, participle) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (verbal adjective suffix) from ἔξεστι (éxesti, “it is possible, it is allowed”). Participle ὤν • (ṓn) present participle of εἰμί (eimí) actual, real Adverb όντως • (óntos) (formal) indeed, really, truly, in fact Participle ὄντος • (óntos) masculine genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí) neuter genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn) ουσία From ὤν present participle of εἰμί (“to be”), + -ίᾱ (abstract noun suffix). from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”). Participle *h₁sónts active participle of *h₁ésti ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology Athematic root present of the root *h₁es-. Verb *h₁ésti (imperfective) to be ``` Germanic: *sanþaz (“real, true”) English sooth (“true, a fact”). Albanian: *sana Albanian: gjë (“thing”) Albanian: senë (“thing”) Sanskrit: सत् (sát, “existing, real”) Sanskrit सत् (sát, “being, essence, reality”) Latin: sōns (“guilty, criminal”), (ab-sēns, prae-sēns) Latin: ab-sēns From ab- (“from, away”) +‎ sum (“I am”) absum (present infinitive abesse, perfect active āfuī, future participle āfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle I am away, I am absent, I am distant Present active participle of absum (“be away from, absent”) Participle absēns (genitive absentis); third-declension one-termination participle absent, missing praesēns From prae- (“before, in front, preceding”) +‎ sum (“I am”) ``` Adjective praesēns (genitive praesentis); third-declension one-termination adjective present immediate at hand existing prompt propitious (grammar) present ``` ``` ουσία • (ousía) f (plural ουσίες) being substance meaning, sense essence ``` οὐσίᾱ • (ousíā) f (genitive οὐσίᾱς); first declension that which is one's own, one's substance, property (philosophy) Synonym of φύσις (phúsis) stable being, immutable reality substance, essence true nature of that which is a member of a kind the possession of such a nature, substantiality (in the concrete) the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature (logic) substance as the leading category (various uses after Plato and Aristotle) Pythagorean name for I name of a plaster a fire-resisting substance (in magic) a material thing by which a connection is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent —————————————————— είναι be Verb είναι be υπάρχω exist, be, subsist γίνομαι become, get, be, come, grow, wax —————————————————— DAILY BREAD επιούσιος Livelihood, Sustenance, Daily Bread, Daily Being επιούσιος, -ια, -ιο daily , corresponding to each day from the words of the Lord's Prayer " THE bread Prayer THE Daily Bread " The most correct rendering of the biblical phrase "our bread is our living today" is "give us today the bread of tomorrow" (that is, the future, the eschatological), but the most simplistic interpretation of "living" as "has spread". necessary". ———————————————————— μετούσιος Substance (sub + standing) one who is inferior to the being, of the existence of the substance. [ ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < Outward ( a ) - + - Substance ( < substances ), cf . if - substances , ON - Substance ]. ————————————————————- ὑπερούσιος superiority above Being, superior being υπερουσιότητα dominance

Answer 679

CONNOTATION Connotation is the expressive-literary form in which one term is replaced by another, with which it is in a general to specific relation or vice versa. The most common form of coherence is to use the part instead of the whole (pars pro toto) or one instead of the many. But the opposite is also true. Examples Part instead of all: To put a tile over my head (meaning a whole house, not just a roof, and to cover the whole, not just my head) Per capita (ie per person) All instead of part: America (for the USA ) One for many: The Greek has respect (all Greeks are meant) Many for one: We are of the opinion (when the author means himself, plural of grandeur) The species for the genus: to take out my bread (meaning any kind of food) The genus for the species: this creature (for a human) ———————————————————— ``` "New York won the game", whereby the speaker is actually referring to the New York Yankees baseball team, is an example of a synecdoche. A synecdoche (/sɪˈnɛkdəki/ sin-NEK-də-kee,[1] from Greek συνεκδοχή, synekdochē, 'simultaneous understanding')[2] is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something or vice versa. A synecdoche is a class of metonymy, often by means of either mentioning a part for the whole or conversely the whole for one of its parts. Examples from common English expressions include "suits" (for "businessmen"), "boots" (for "soldiers") (pars pro toto), and "America" (for "the United States of America", totum pro parte).[7] The use of government buildings to refer to their occupants is metonymy and sometimes also synecdoche. "The Pentagon" for the United States Department of Defense can be considered synecdoche, as the building can be considered part of the department. Likewise, using "Number 10" to mean "the Office of the Prime Minister" (of the United Kingdom) is a synecdoche. Similarly, the names of capital cities referring to the sovereign states they govern follows this pattern. ``` Synecdoche is a rhetorical trope and a type of figurative speech similar to metonymy—a figure of speech that uses a term that denotes one thing to refer to a related thing.[8][9] Indeed, synecdoche is considered by some a type of metonymy.[10]:118 Synecdoche (and thus metonymy) is distinct from metaphor[11] although in the past it was considered by some a subspecies of metaphor, intending metaphor as a type of conceptual substitution (as Quintilian does in Institutio oratoria Book VIII). In Lanham's Handlist of Rhetorical Terms,[12] the three terms have somewhat restrictive definitions, arguably in tune with their etymologies from Greek: Metaphor: changing a word from its literal meaning to one not properly applicable but analogous to it; assertion of identity - rather than likeness as with simile[citation needed]. Metonymy: substitution of cause for effect, proper name for one of its qualities

Answer 680

METONYMY Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept. Etymology The words metonymy and metonym come from the Greek μετωνυμία, metōnymía, "a change of name", from μετά, metá, "after, post, beyond", and -ωνυμία, -ōnymía, a suffix that names figures of speech, from ὄνυμα, ónyma or ὄνομα, ónoma, "name". Synecdoche, in which a specific part of something is used to refer to the whole, is usually understood as a specific kind of metonymy. Sometimes an absolute distinction is made between a metonymy and a synecdoche, treating metonymy as different from, rather than inclusive of, synecdoche. There is a similar problem with the terms simile and metaphor.

Answer 681

METALYPSIS Metalepsis (from Greek: μετάληψις) is a figure of speech in which a word or a phrase from figurative speech is used in a new context. Examples "I've got to catch the worm tomorrow." "The early bird catches the worm" is a common maxim, advising an early start on the day to achieve success. The subject, by referring to this maxim, is compared to the bird; tomorrow, the speaker will awaken early in order to achieve success. For the nature of metalepsis is that it is an intermediate step, as it were, to that which is metaphorically expressed, signifying nothing in itself, but affording a passage to something. It is a trope that we give the impression of being acquainted with rather than one that we actually ever need. — Quintilian[5] But the sense is much altered & the hearer's conceit strangely entangled by the figure Metalepsis, which I call the farfet, as when we had rather fetch a word a great way off than to use one nearer hand to express the matter as well and plainer. — George Puttenham[6] In a metalepsis, a word is substituted metonymically for a word in a previous trope, so that a metalepsis can be called, maddeningly but accurately, a metonymy of a metonymy. — Harold Bloom[7]

Answer 682

CATACHRESIS Catachresis (from Greek κατάχρησις, "abuse"), originally meaning a semantic misuse or error—e.g., using "militate" for "mitigate", "chronic" for "severe", "travesty" for "tragedy", "anachronism" for "anomaly", "alibi" for "excuse", etc.—is also the name given to many different types of figures of speech in which a word or phrase is being applied in a way that significantly departs from conventional (or traditional) usage.[1] There are various sub-definitions of catachresis. Definition Example Crossing categorical boundaries with words, because there otherwise would be no suitable word.[2][3] The sustainers of a chair being referred to as legs. Replacing an expected word with another, half rhyming word, with an entirely different meaning from what one would expect (cf malapropism, Spoonerism).[4] I'm ravished! for "I'm ravenous!" or for "I'm famished!" "They build a horse" instead of they build a house. The strained use of an already existing word or phrase.[5] "Tis deepest winter in Lord Timon's purse" – Shakespeare, Timon of Athens The replacement of a word with a more ambiguous synonym (cf euphemism).[6] Saying job-seeker instead of "unemployed". Examples[edit] Dead people in a graveyard being referred to as inhabitants is an example of catachresis.[7] Classification in literature[edit] Catachresis is often used to convey extreme emotion or alienation. It is prominent in baroque literature and, more recently, in dadaist and surrealist literature. Example from Alexander Pope's Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry: Masters of this [Catachresis] will say, Mow the beard, Shave the grass, Pin the plank, Nail my sleeve.[8]

Answer 683

DICHOTOMY A dichotomy /daɪˈkɒtəmi/ is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts. Such a partition is also frequently called a bipartition. The two parts thus formed are complements. In logic, the partitions are opposites if there exists a proposition such that it holds over one and not the other. Treating continuous variables or multicategorical variables as binary variables is called dichotomization. The discretization error inherent in dichotomization is temporarily ignored for modeling purposes. The term dichotomy is from the Greek language Greek: διχοτομία dichotomía "dividing in two" from δίχα dícha "in two, asunder" and τομή tomḗ "a cutting, incision". Usage and examples[edit] The above applies directly when the term is used in mathematics, philosophy, literature, or linguistics. For example, if there is a concept A, and it is split into parts B and not-B, then the parts form a dichotomy: they are mutually exclusive, since no part of B is contained in not-B and vice versa, and they are jointly exhaustive, since they cover all of A, and together again give A. In set theory, a dichotomous relation R is such that either aRb, bRa, but not both.[1] In statistics, dichotomous data may only exist at first two levels of measurement, namely at the nominal level of measurement (such as "British" vs "American" when measuring nationality) and at the ordinal level of measurement (such as "tall" vs "short", when measuring height). A variable measured dichotomously is called a dummy variable. In the classification of mental disorders in psychiatry or clinical psychology, dichotomous classification or categorization refers to the use of cut-offs intended to separate disorder from non-disorder at some level of abnormality, severity or disability. A false dichotomy is an informal fallacy consisting of a supposed dichotomy which fails one or both of the conditions: it is not jointly exhaustive and/or not mutually exclusive. In its most common form, two entities are presented as if they are exhaustive, when in fact other alternatives are possible. In some cases, they may be presented as if they are mutually exclusive although there is a broad middle ground (see also undistributed middle). The divine dichotomy is mentioned in the Conversations With God series of books by religious author Neale Donald Walsch. In economics, the classical dichotomy is the division between the real side of the economy and the monetary side. According to the classical dichotomy, changes in monetary variables do not affect real values such as output, employment, and the real interest rate. Money is therefore neutral in the sense that its quantity cannot affect these real variables. In biology, a dichotomy is a division of organisms into two groups, typically based on a characteristic present in one group and absent in the other. Such dichotomies are used as part of the process of identifying species, as part of a dichotomous key, which asks a series of questions, each of which narrows down the set of organisms. A well known dichotomy is the question "does it have a backbone?" used to divide species into vertebrates and invertebrates. In botany, a dichotomy is a mode of branching by repeated bifurcation – thus a focus on branching rather than on division. In computer science, more specifically in programming-language engineering, dichotomies are fundamental dualities in a language's design. For instance, C++ has a dichotomy in its memory model (heap versus stack), whereas Java has a dichotomy in its type system (references versus primitive data types). In the anthropological field of theology and in philosophy, dichotomy is the belief that humans consist of a soul and a body. (See Mind-body dichotomy.) This stands in contrast to trichotomy. Perceived dichotomies are common in Western thought. C. P. Snow believes that Western society has become an argument culture (The Two Cultures). In The Argument Culture (1998), Deborah Tannen suggests that the dialogue of Western culture is characterized by a warlike atmosphere in which the winning side has truth (like a trophy). Such a dialogue virtually ignores the middle alternatives. In sociology and semiotics, dichotomies (also sometimes called 'binaries' and/or 'binarisms') are the subject of attention because they may form the basis to divisions and inequality. For example, the domestic–public dichotomy divides men's and women's roles in a society; the East-West dichotomy contrasts the Orient and the Occident. Some social scientists attempt to deconstruct dichotomies in order to address the divisions and inequalities they create: for instance Judith Butler's deconstruction of the gender-dichotomy (or gender binary) and Val Plumwood's deconstruction of the human-environment dichotomy. The I Ching and taijitu represent the yin yang theories of traditional Chinese culture. However, these do not represent a true dichotomy as the symbol incorporates a portion of each in the other, representing a dialectic. In dialectical behavioral therapy, a treatment shown to have some success in treating some clients with Borderline Personality Disorder, an essential tool used is based on the idea of dichotomy. Dichotomy, in this case, is a self-defeating behavior using "all-or-nothing" or "black-and-white" thinking. The therapy teaches the patient how to change the dichotomy to a more "dialectical" (or "seeing the middle ground") way of thinking. One type of dichotomy is dichotomous classification – classifying objects by recursively splitting them into two groups until all are separated and in their own unique category. Astronomy defines a dichotomy as "the phase of the moon or an inferior planet in which half its disk appears illuminated".

Answer 684

TROPE Trope denotes figurative and metaphorical language and one which has been used in various technical senses. The term trope derives from the Greek τρόπος (tropos), "a turn, a change",[1] related to the root of the verb τρέπειν (trepein), "to turn, to direct, to alter, to change";[2] this means that the term is used metaphorically to denote, among other things, metaphorical language. The term is also used in technical senses, which do not always correspond to its linguistic origin. Its meaning has to be judged from the context, some of which are given below. A trope or "mode" refers to skeptical stock arguments or "ways of refuting dogmatism."[3] There are two sets of these tropes: the ten modes of Aenesidemus and the five modes of Agrippa. In metaphysics[edit] See also: Nominalism § Varieties Trope theory (or trope nominalism) in metaphysics is a version of nominalism. Here, a trope is a particular instance of a property, like the redness of a particular rose, or the specific nuance of green of a specific individual leaf. Trope theories assume that universals are unnecessary. This use of the term goes back to D. C. Williams (1953). The basic problem has been discussed previously in philosophy without using the term "trope". The following is a brief background: The basic problem is the problem of universals. One part of the problem of universals is determining what it is for two tokens (or separate instances of something) to be of the same type. How different things can be the same. The arguments are complex, and involve semantics, metaphysics and epistemology.

Answer 685

A tacit assumption or implicit assumption is an assumption that underlies a logical argument, course of action, decision, or judgment that is not explicitly voiced nor necessarily understood by the decision maker or judge. These assumptions may be made based on personal life experiences, and are not consciously apparent in the decision making environment. These assumptions can be the source of apparent paradoxes, misunderstandings and resistance to change in human organizational behavior. In Pyrrhonism, the problem of assumption is one of the five tropes of Agrippa the Skeptic which demonstrate that there is no secure basis for belief. ``` See also[edit] Assumption-based planning Consensus reality Hidden curriculum Implicit attitude Implicit cognition Implicit leadership theory Implicit memory Implied consent Leading question Premise Presupposition Shattered assumptions theory Subreption Tacit knowledge Unsaid Unspoken rule ```

Answer 686

PRESUPPOSITION A presupposition of a part of an utterance is sometimes also a presupposition of the whole utterance, and sometimes not. For instance, the phrase my wife triggers the presupposition that I have a wife. The first sentence below carries that presupposition, even though the phrase occurs inside an embedded clause. In the second sentence, however, it does not. John might be mistaken about his belief that I have a wife, or he might be deliberately trying to misinform his audience, and this has an effect on the meaning of the second sentence, but, perhaps surprisingly, not on the first one. John thinks that my wife is beautiful. John said that my wife is beautiful. Thus, this seems to be a property of the main verbs of the sentences, think and say, respectively. After work by Lauri Karttunen,[1] verbs that allow presuppositions to "pass up" to the whole sentence ("project") are called holes, and verbs that block such passing up, or projection of presuppositions are called plugs. Some linguistic environments are intermediate between plugs and holes: They block some presuppositions and allow others to project. These are called filters. An example of such an environment are indicative conditionals ("If-then" clauses). A conditional sentence contains an antecedent and a consequent. The antecedent is the part preceded by the word "if," and the consequent is the part that is (or could be) preceded by "then." If the consequent contains a presupposition trigger, and the triggered presupposition is explicitly stated in the antecedent of the conditional, then the presupposition is blocked. Otherwise, it is allowed to project up to the entire conditional. Here is an example: If I have a wife, then my wife is blonde. Here, the presupposition triggered by the expression my wife (that I have a wife) is blocked, because it is stated in the antecedent of the conditional: That sentence doesn't imply that I have a wife. In the following example, it is not stated in the antecedent, so it is allowed to project, i.e. the sentence does imply that I have a wife. If it's already 4am, then my wife is probably angry. Hence, conditional sentences act as filters for presuppositions that are triggered by expressions in their consequent. A significant amount of current work in semantics and pragmatics is devoted to a proper understanding of when and how presuppositions project. Presupposition triggers[edit] A presupposition trigger is a lexical item or linguistic construction which is responsible for the presupposition, and thus "triggers" it.[2] The following is a selection of presuppositional triggers following Stephen C. Levinson's classic textbook on Pragmatics, which in turn draws on a list produced by Lauri Karttunen. As is customary, the presuppositional triggers themselves are italicized, and the symbol » stands for 'presupposes'.[3] Definite descriptions[edit] Main article: Definite description Definite descriptions are phrases of the form "the X" where X is a noun phrase. The description is said to be proper when the phrase applies to exactly one object, and conversely, it is said to be improper when either there exist more than one potential referents, as in "the senator from Ohio", or none at all, as in "the king of France". In conventional speech, definite descriptions are implicitly assumed to be proper, hence such phrases trigger the presupposition that the referent is unique and existent. John saw the man with two heads. »there exists a man with two heads. Factive verbs[edit] See also: Epistemology § Truth In Western epistemology, there is a tradition originating with Plato of defining knowledge as justified true belief. On this definition, for someone to know X, it is required that X be true. A linguistic question thus arises regarding the usage of such phrases: does a person who states "John knows X" implicitly claim the truth of X? Steven Pinker explored this question in a popular science format in a 2007 book on language and cognition, using a widely publicized example from a speech by a U.S. president.[4] A 2003 speech by George W. Bush included the line, "British Intelligence has learned that Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa."[5] Over the next few years, it became apparent that this intelligence lead was incorrect. But the way the speech was phrased, using a factive verb, implicitly framed the lead as truth rather than hypothesis. There is however a strong alternative view that factivity thesis, the proposition that relational predicates having to do with knowledge, such as knows, learn, remembers, and realized, presuppose the factual truth of their object, is incorrect.[6] Martha regrets drinking John's home brew. Presupposition: Martha did in fact drink John's home brew. Frankenstein was aware that Dracula was there. Presupposition: Dracula was in fact there. John realized that he was in debt. Presupposition: John was in fact in debt. It was odd how proud he was. Presupposition: He was in fact proud. Some further factive predicates: know; be sorry that; be proud that; be indifferent that; be glad that; be sad that. Implicative verbs[edit] John managed to open the door. »John tried to open the door. John forgot to lock the door. »John ought to have locked, or intended to lock, the door. Some further implicative predicates: X happened to V»X didn't plan or intend to V; X avoided Ving»X was expected to, or usually did, or ought to V, etc. Change of state or continuation of state verbs[edit] With these presupposition triggers, the current unfolding situation is considered presupposed information.[7] John stopped teasing his wife. »John had been teasing his wife. Joan began teasing her husband. »Joan hadn't been teasing her husband. Some further change of state verbs: start; finish; carry on; cease; take (as in X took Y from Z » Y was at/in/with Z); leave; enter; come; go; arrive; etc. Iteratives[edit] These types of triggers presuppose the existence of a previous state of affairs.[7] The flying saucer came again. »The flying saucer came before. You can't get gobstoppers anymore. »You once could get gobstoppers. Carter returned to power. »Carter held power before. Further iteratives: another time; to come back; restore; repeat; for the nth time. Temporal clauses[edit] The situation explained in a clause that begins with a temporal clause constructor is typically considered backgrounded information.[7] Before Strawson was even born, Frege noticed presuppositions. »Strawson was born. While Chomsky was revolutionizing linguistics, the rest of social science was asleep. »Chomsky was revolutionizing linguistics. Since Churchill died, we've lacked a leader. »Churchill died. Further temporal clause constructors: after; during; whenever; as (as in As John was getting up, he slipped). Cleft sentences[edit] Cleft sentence structures highlight particular aspects of a sentence and consider the surrounding information to be backgrounded knowledge. These sentences are typically not spoken to strangers, but rather to addressees who are aware of the ongoing situation.[7] Cleft construction: It was Henry that kissed Rosie. »Someone kissed Rosie. Pseudo-cleft construction: What John lost was his wallet. »John lost something. Comparisons and contrasts[edit] Comparisons and contrasts may be marked by stress (or by other prosodic means), by particles like "too", or by comparatives constructions. Marianne called Adolph a male chauvinist, and then HE insulted HER. »For Marianne to call Adolph a male chauvinist would be to insult him. Carol is a better linguist than Barbara. »Barbara is a linguist. Counterfactual conditionals[edit] If the notice had only said 'mine-field' in Welsh as well as in English, we would never have lost poor Llewellyn. »The notice didn't say 'mine-field' in Welsh. Questions[edit] Questions often presuppose what the assertive part of the question presupposes, but interrogative parts might introduce further presuppositions. There are three different types of questions: yes/no questions, alternative questions and WH-questions. Is there a professor of linguistics at MIT? »Either there is a professor of linguistics at MIT or there isn't. Is Newcastle in England or in Australia? »Newcastle is in England or Newcastle is in Australia. Who is the professor of linguistics at MIT? »Someone is the professor of linguistics at MIT. Possessive case[edit] John's children are very noisy. »John has children.

Answer 687

In natural languages, an indicative conditional is a conditional sentence such as "If Leona is at home, she isn't in Paris", whose grammatical form restricts it to discussing what could be true. Indicatives are typically defined in opposition to counterfactual conditionals, which have extra grammatical marking which allows them to discuss eventualities which are no longer possible. Indicatives are a major topic of research in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, and linguistics. Open questions include which logical operation indicatives denote, how such denotations could be composed from their grammatical form, and the implications of those denotations for areas including metaphysics, psychology of reasoning, and philosophy of mathematics.

Answer 688

METAPHOR Etymology[edit] The English word metaphor derives from the 16th-century Old French word métaphore, which comes from the Latin metaphora, "carrying over", and in turn from the Greek μεταφορά (metaphorá), "transfer",[6] from μεταφέρω (metapherō), "to carry over", "to transfer"[7] and that from μετά (meta), "after, with, across"[8] + φέρω (pherō), "to bear", "to carry". μεταφορική έννοια ``` See Also in Greek concept noun uncommon ennoia sense , meaning , concept , notion , connotation Similar Words analogy noun uncommon paromoío̱si̱ simile , comparison , similitude allegory noun uncommon allegory allegory , metaphor , trope analogy noun uncommon analogía ratio , proportion , analogy , rate , quota exaggeration adjective, noun uncommon hypervolí exaggeration , excess , hyperbola , extravagance , hyperbole ``` ———————————————————- A political cartoon by illustrator S.D. Ehrhart in an 1894 Puck magazine shows a farm woman labeled "Democratic Party" sheltering from a tornado of political change. A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another.[1] It may provide (or obscure) clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. Metaphors are often compared with other types of figurative language, such as antithesis, hyperbole, metonymy and simile.[2] One of the most commonly cited examples of a metaphor in English literature comes from the "All the world's a stage" monologue from As You Like It: All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances ... —William Shakespeare, As You Like It, 2/7[3] This quotation expresses a metaphor because the world is not literally a stage and humans are not literally actors and actresses playing roles. By asserting that the world is a stage, Shakespeare uses points of comparison between the world and a stage to convey an understanding about the mechanics of the world and the behavior of the people within it. According to the linguist Anatoly Liberman, "the use of metaphors is relatively late in the modern European languages; it is, in principle, a post-Renaissance phenomenon".[4] In contrast, in the ancient Hebrew psalms (around 1000 B.C.), one finds already vivid and poetic examples of metaphor [the following example given is that of a simile, rather than the intended metaphor]such as, "...He is like a tree planted by streams of water, yielding its fruit in season, whose leaf does not wither." The Lord is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. At the other extreme, some recent linguistic theories view all language in essence as metaphorical.[5] The word metaphor itself is a metaphor, coming from a Greek term meaning to "transfer" or "carry across." Metaphors "carry" meaning from one word, image, idea, or situation to another, linking them and creating a metaphor. ———————————————————- In general, in all languages it is observed from antiquity until today that many words are not always taken with the same meaning but are extended to other meanings of other words mainly due to similarity in their use. This tropical use of words is called metaphor . Causes of such usage metaphors are mainly the many linguistic features of a concept where some linguistic elements can be undone in their own use, or removed, or even excluded depending on the senses and needs of the moment of use. For example, the word "candle" is derived from the glow, the splendor of the candle, thus limiting the meaning of the candle, or "the guards of the monument stand candles" limiting the glow and the construction material and excluding the straightness of the candle. Basic condition for the use of transport either orallyor in writing in order for them to be reasonably accepted, the two concepts to be used must have a common property or similarity between them, such as between a guard and a candle where the word straight remains hidden. A key derivative of this is the extensive knowledge of the words used by the listeners or readers and which most usually come from everyday life, or professionally rural, naval, artistic, etc. which are considered even stronger. Consequently, these verbal metaphors are also associated with professional vocabularies that may not be very well understood by others. In the modern Greek language, such examples of metaphor are the phrases "he took the air", "the sun reigned", "he left without a fight", "stone heart", etc. The importance of the use of verbal metaphors in a language is especially important if we take into account that through them the language expands, changing the semantic content of words with the consequence that on the one hand it is "refreshed" and on the other hand enriched with different shades and new expressive possibilities. The most daring metaphors in modern Greek literature are presented in the poetry of the 1930s. Characteristic was the title of G. Ritsos's poetry collection "Stone Age", or even more apt example the phrase in "Axion Esti" by O. Elytis: "I oxidized in the south of people "where the words (from oxidation) wear and tear (from the south = humidity) are related. e.g. It is a nightingale (sings well). He is a lamb (quiet, good). It is feather (very light). Right fox (pampered). He is Judas (traitor). It has a candle body (straight). He is an angel (good). He poured on the enemy (rushed). It is a deer (it runs a lot). Speak sharply (no spins). It is a dolphin (swims fast). Do you chew your words? (why do not you speak clearly?). January, heart of winter (that is, the middle of winter). Your words hurt me (you made me very sad). You became a mosquito to me (very annoying). It is a parasite (it lives at the expense of others). He is a beast (very lively). He is a malama child (worth as much as gold). He became a hare (He left quickly). There was lightning (It left quickly)

Answer 689

INVENT εφευρίσκω • (efevrísko) (past εφεύρα/εφηύρα, passive εφευρίσκομαι) (transitive) invent ``` βρίσκω (vrísko, “find”) εφεύρεση f (efévresi, “invention”) εφευρέτης m (efevrétis, “inventor”) εφευρετικός (efevretikós, “inventive”) εφευρετικότητα f (efevretikótita, “inventiveness”) εφεύρημα n (efévrima, “fabrication”) and see: ευρίσκω (evrísko) ``` βρίσκω • (vrísko) (past βρήκα, passive βρίσκομαι) find, discover, locate Βρήκαμε το ξενοδοχείο μας. Vríkame to xenodocheío mas. We found our hotel. Καλώς σας βρήκα. Kalós sas vríka. Pleased to meet you. (literally, “Pleased to have found you.”) Βρήκα το Μήτσο κολλημένο στον υπολογιστή! Vríka to Mítso kolliméno ston ypologistí! I found Mitsos stuck on the computer! (passive) see → βρίσκομαι (vrískomai) Etymology Borrowed from Ancient Greek εὕρηκα (heúrēka, “I have found”). βρήκα (vríka). Interjection εύρηκα • (évrika) eureka Related terms ευρίσκω (evrísko, “find”) βρίσκω (vrísko, “find”) Formed with inchoative suffix -σκω (-skō). -σκω • (-skō) Primitive suffix used to form present-tense stems. Very rarely associated with the inchoative meaning of becoming. From Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti, inchoative or inceptive suffix. Proto-Indo-European Suffix *(Ø)-sḱéti Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots. εὑρίσκω • (heurískō) I happen upon by chance, find I find out, discover I acquire, fetch, obtain Adjective εὑρετῐκός • (heuretikós) m (feminine εὑρετῐκή, neuter εὑρετῐκόν); first/second declension inventive, ingenious Noun εὕρημᾰ • (heúrēma) n (genitive εὑρήμᾰτος); third declension An invention, a discovery (not by chance but by thought) An invention, for or against things, a remedy An excuse That which is found unexpectedly, a piece of good luck, a windfall A foundling ανευρίσκω (anevrísko, “find, recover something lost”) εξευρίσκω (exevrísko, “find, invent -a solution, money, etc-”) εφευρίσκω (efevrísko, “invent”) παρευρίσκομαι (parevrískomai, “I attend, I am present”) συνευρίσκομαι (synevrískomai, “have sexual intercourse”) Verb ανευρίσκω • (anevrísko) (past ανηύρα, passive ανευρίσκομαι) discover, find something which was lost ανεύρεση f (anévresi, “discovery, recovery”) ανεύρετος (anévretos, “not found; not easy to be found”) Noun εφεύρεση • (efévresi) f invention (process and product) ———————————————- invent (v.) c. 1500, "to find, discover" (obsolete), a back-formation from invention or else from Latin inventus, past participle of invenire "to come upon; devise, discover." General sense of "make up, fabricate, concoct, devise" (a plot, excuse, etc.) is from 1530s, as is that of "produce by original thought, find out by original study or contrivance." Related: Invented; *gwa- *gwā-, also *gwem-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to go, come." It forms all or part of: acrobat; adiabatic; advent; adventitious; adventure; amphisbaena; anabasis; avenue; base (n.) "bottom of anything;" basis; become; circumvent; come; contravene; convene; convenient; convent; conventicle; convention; coven; covenant; diabetes; ecbatic; event; eventual; hyperbaton; hypnobate; intervene; intervenient; intervention; invent; invention; inventory; juggernaut; katabatic; misadventure; parvenu; prevenient; prevent; provenance; provenience; revenant; revenue; souvenir; subvention; supervene; venire; venue; welcome. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit gamati "he goes," Avestan jamaiti "goes," Tocharian kakmu "come," Lithuanian gemu, gimti "to be born," Greek bainein "to go, walk, step," Latin venire "to come," Old English cuman "come, approach," German kommen, Gothic qiman.

Answer 690

DISCOVERY Noun ανακάλυψη • (anakálypsi) f (plural ανακαλύψεις) discovery, find (the process of discover and the thing discovered) from ἀνακαλύπτω (anakalúptō) From ἀνά (“above, through”) + καλύπτω (“to cover, to conceal”) See ανα- (ana-) +‎ κάλυψη ``` Verb κᾰλῠ́πτω • (kalúptō) to cover to cover, conceal Synonyms: κεύθω (keúthō), κρῠ́πτω (krúptō) Antonym: ἀποκᾰλῠ́πτω (apokalúptō) to cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over to put over as a covering ``` Verb κρύπτω • (krúptō) to hide, cover to conceal, obscure Verb αποκρύπτω • (apokrýpto) (past απέκρυψα, passive αποκρύπτομαι) (also past απόκρυψα, as in αποκρύβω) (transitive) conceal, hide, withhold (transitive) dissimulate Verb αποκρυπτογραφώ • (apokryptografó) (past αποκρυπτογράφησα) decode, decipher Verb κρύβω • (krývo) (past έκρυψα, passive κρύβομαι) hide, cover Noun απόκρυψη • (apókrypsi) f (plural αποκρύψεις) hiding, concealment dissimulation Noun αποκρυφισμός • (apokryfismós) m (plural αποκρυφισμού) occultism απόκρυφος (apókryfos, “concealed”, adjective) Adverb κρυφά • (kryfá) in secret Antonyms φανερά (fanerá, “overtly”) Adverb φανερά • (fanerá) overtly, in plain view Synonym: αναφανδόν (anafandón) Adjective φανερός • (fanerós) m (feminine φανερή, neuter φανερό) overt Antonyms κρυφός (kryfós, “hidden, secret”) μυστικός (mystikós, “secret”) Related terms αναφαίνομαι (anafaínomai, “to appear, to look again”) αναφανδόν (anafandón, “overtly”, adverb) φαίνομαι (faínomai, “to appear, to seem”) φανερά (fanerá, “overtly”, adverb) φαίνω • (phaínō) (transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal (transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose (of sound) (transitive) Ι show forth, expound (transitive) I denounce (intransitive) I shine, give light (passive) I appear; I shine I come into being I come about (copulative or control verb) I appear (to be) (φαίνεται as interjection) yes; so it appears; apparently (late, impersonal) it seems Adverb μυστικά • (mystiká) secretly Noun secret (countable and uncountable, plural secrets) (countable) A piece of knowledge that is hidden and intended to be kept hidden. [from late 14th c.] "Can you keep a secret?" "Yes." "So can I." The key or principle by which something is made clear; the knack. The secret to a long-lasting marriage is compromise. Something not understood or known. (uncountable) Private seclusion. The work was done in secret, so that nobody could object. (archaic, in the plural) The genital organs. (historical) A form of steel skullcap. (Christianity, often in the plural) Any prayer spoken inaudibly and not aloud; especially, one of the prayers in the Mass, immediately following the "orate, fratres", said inaudibly by the celebrant. From Middle English secrette, from Old French secret, from Latin sēcrētus (“separated, hidden”), from ptp of sēcernō (“separate, to set aside, sunder out”), from Latin cernō[1], from Proto-Indo-European *krey- [2] [3]. Displaced Old English dēagol (“secret”) and dēagolnes (“a secret”). ``` OLD ENGLISH Adjective dēagol secret hidden, obscure (poetic) dark ``` From Proto-West Germanic *daugul. Adjective *daugul hidden, secret Old English: dēagol, dīegol, dīgol, dēogol Middle English: diȝel LATIN Participle sēcrētus (feminine sēcrēta, neuter sēcrētum, comparative sēcrētior, adverb sēcrētē); first/second-declension participle put apart, sundered, severed, separated, having been separated (figuratively) disjoined, parted, dissociated, having been parted (figuratively) distinguished, discerned, having been discerned (figuratively) set apart, rejected, excluded, having been excluded (figuratively) secluded, deserted, having been secluded (figuratively) confided only to a few, secret, hidden Verb sēcernō (present infinitive sēcernere, perfect active sēcrēvī, supine sēcrētum); third conjugation To put apart, sunder, sever, separate. (figuratively) To disjoin, part, dissociate, separate. (figuratively) To distinguish, discern. (figuratively) To set aside, reject, exclude, pull aside. From sē- (“aside, by itself”) +‎ cernō (“to see, to discern”). Prefix sē- apart-, aside-, away- claudō (“to close, shut, confine”) → sēclūdō (“to shut off”) dūcō (“to lead”) → sēdūcō (“to lead away or astray, separate from”) (in a privative sense) without, lacking, wanting, -less cūra (“care, worry”) → sēcūrus (“free from care, easy; careless”) cor (“heart as the seat of vitality”) → socors (“lacking in vitality or alertness, sluggish, inactive, dull”) ``` Verb cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide ``` from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“sieve”). Root *krey- to sift, separate, divide Verb κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize Verb κρίνω • (kríno) (imperfect έκρινα, past έκρινα, passive κρίνομαι) passive past: κρίθηκα judge, assess, decide ανακρίνω (anakríno, “interrogate”) ανταποκρίνομαι (antapokrínomai, “respond, meet expectation”) αντικρίνω (antikríno, “anser”) απεκκρίνω (apekkríno, “excrete”) αποκρίνομαι (apokrínomai, “respond”) αυτοκρίνομαι (aftokrínomai, “examine one's self”) διακρίνω (diakríno, “discent”) διευκρινίζω (diefkrinízo, “clarify”) εγκρίνω (egkríno, “aprove”) εκκρίνω (ekkríno, “secrete”) επανακρίνω (epanakríno, “judge again”) επικρίνω (epikríno, “criticise”) κατακρίνω (katakríno, “reproach”) κριματίζω (krimatízo, “make someone sin”) κριτικάρω (kritikáro, “criticise”) λογοκρίνω (logokríno, “censor”) προανακρίνω (proanakríno, “make preliminary interrogation”) προκρίνω (prokríno, “mark out, choose as better”) συγκεκριμενοποιώ (sygkekrimenopoió, “make precise”) συγκρίνω (sygkríno, “compare”) υπερεκκρίνω (yperekkríno, “hypersecrete”) υποκρίνομαι (ypokrínomai, “pretend”) Other related words αιματοκρίτης m (aimatokrítis, “haemotocrit”) ακρισία f (akrisía, “lack of judgement”) ακριτομυθία f (akritomythía, “indiscretion”) ακριτόμυθος (akritómythos, “indiscreet, blabber”) άκριτος (ákritos, “unthinking, unjudged”) αυτοκριτική f (aftokritikí, “self-criticism”) βιβλιοκρισία f (vivliokrisía, “book review”) βιβλιοκριτικός m (vivliokritikós, “book reviewer”) δικαιοκρίτης m (dikaiokrítis, “who judges fairly”) (of God) ειλικρίνεια f (eilikríneia, “sincerity”) ειλικρινής (eilikrinís, “sincere”) εμπειριοκριτικισμός m (empeiriokritikismós) ενδοέκκριση f (endoékkrisi, “endocrine”) ενδοκρινής (endokrinís, “endocrine”) ενδοκρινολογία f (endokrinología, “endocrinology”) ενδοκρινολόγος m (endokrinológos, “endocrinlogist”) εξωκρινής (exokrinís, “exocrine”) ευθυκρισία f (efthykrisía, “straight judgement”) ευκρίνεια f (efkríneia, “clear visibility, resolution”) ευκρινής (efkrinís, “indicated in clear, easily recognizable”) θεοκρισία f (theokrisía, “god's judgement”) κρίμα n (kríma, “pity; misdeed”) κρίση f (krísi, “judgjement; crisis”) κρίσιμος (krísimos, “crucial; critical”) κρισιμότητα f (krisimótita, “criticality”) κριτήριο n (kritírio, “criterion”) κριτής m (kritís, “umpire, judge”) κριτική f (kritikí, “criticism; critique”) κριτικισμός m (kritikismós, “criticism, critical theory”) (philosophy) κριτικογραφία f (kritikografía) κριτικογράφος m (kritikográfos) κριτικός (kritikós, “critic”) κρίτρα n pl (krítra, “judge's fee”) μουσικοκριτικός m (mousikokritikós, “music critic”) ονειροκρίτης m (oneirokrítis) προκριματικός (prokrimatikós, “preliminary”) τεχνοκρίτης m (technokrítis, “art critic”) τεχνοκριτική f (technokritikí, “art criticism”) τεχνοκριτικός m (technokritikós, “art critic”) ανανταπόκριτος (anantapókritos, “unanswered”, adjective) αναπόκριτος (anapókritos, “unanswered”) ανταποκρίνομαι (antapokrínomai, “to correspond, to reciprocate”) ανταπόκριση f (antapókrisi, “responsiveness; journalist's dispatch”) ανταποκριτής m (antapokritís, “correspondent, journalist”) ανταποκριτικός (antapokritikós, “corresponding”, adjective) ανταποκρίτρια f (antapokrítria, “correspondent, journalist”) αποκρίνομαι (apokrínomai, “respodnd”) απόκριση f (apókrisi, “answer, response”) αποκριτής m (apokritís, “responder, answerer”) ερωταπόκριση f (erotapókrisi, “question and answer, dialogue”) and see: κρίνω (kríno, “judge, decide”) Verb ανακρίνω • (anakríno) (imperfect ανέκρινα/ανέκρινα, past ανέκρινα/ανάκρινα, passive ανακρίνομαι) interrogate, question From ανα- (“re-”) +‎ κρίνω (“judge, examine”). ανάκριση f (anákrisi, “interrogation”) ανάκριση f (anákrisi, “interrogation, cross-examination”) ανακριτική f (anakritikí, “interrogation methodology”) ανακριτικός (anakritikós, “interrogatory”) επανακρίνω (epanakríno, “judge again”) προανακρίνω (proanakríno, “make preliminary interrogation”) προανάκριση f (proanákrisi, “preliminary interrogation”) Noun ανάκριση • (anákrisi) f (plural ανακρίσεις) (law) cross-examination, examination interrogation, questioning (by extension) interrogator, cross-examiner Noun ανακριτική • (anakritikí) n (uncountable) (criminology) investigative/forensic methodology Adjective ανακριτικός • (anakritikós) m (feminine ανακριτική, neuter ανακριτικό) interrogatory, examining, fact-finding ανακριτικό γραφείο ― anakritikó grafeío ― interview room Verb ανταποκρίνομαι • (antapokrínomai) deponent (past ανταποκρίθηκα) agree, tally, correspond Τα εμπορεύματα δεν ανταποκρίνονται με το τιμολόγιο. Ta emporévmata den antapokrínontai me to timológio. The goods do not correspond to the invoice. reciprocate, respond to, answer Noun ανταπόκριση • (antapókrisi) f (plural ανταποκρίσεις) response correspondence Noun απόκριση • (apókrisi) f (plural αποκρίσεις) answer, response (to letter, etc) (medicine, rare) excretion Noun απάντηση • (apántisi) f (plural απαντήσεις) answer, response Verb απαντώ • (apantó) (past απάντησα, passive απαντώμαι, p‑past απαντήθηκα, ppp απαντημένος) and passive απαντιέμαι for απαντάω a more formal variant of απαντάω (apantáo) contracted form of ἀπαντάω (apantáō, “to come, to meet”). Verb αποκρίνομαι • (apokrínomai) deponent (past αποκρίθηκα) answer, reply to, respond to απο- (“de-, from”) +‎ κρίνομαι (“I am judged, chosen”) Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrínomai, “answer question, charges”), mediopassive of ἀποκρίνω (apokrínō, “set apart; choose”). Noun κρίμα • (kríma) n Indicates a wrong or unjustified action or a misfortune:a misdeed. Adverb κρίμα • (kríma) Indicates pity or shame ``` Noun κρῐ́μᾰ • (kríma) n (genitive κρῐ́μᾰτος); third declension decision decree judgment sentence, condemnation lawsuit ``` ``` Noun κρίση • (krísi) f (plural κρίσεις) (law) judgment, opinion, verdict judgement, discretion crisis ``` Noun κρῐ́σῐς • (krísis) f (genitive κρῐ́σεως); third declension decision, determination, judgment trial, sentence, accusation quarrel, dispute turning point or decisive point of disease progression Noun ῠ̔πόκρῐσῐς • (hupókrisis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐ́σεως); third declension reply, answer the part of an actor or orator: delivery, delivery, elocution, act outward show, hypocrisy, pretense ``` Verb ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νομαι • (hupokrī́nomai) to answer to interpret (Attic) to dialogue, to answer on the stage; to play a part, be an actor (figuratively) to feign, to dissemble ``` from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I pronounce”). ``` Verb κᾰτᾰκρῑ́νω • (katakrī́nō) to give as a sentence against (with accusative of person) to condemn (passive) to be judged or deemed ``` From κᾰτᾰ- (kata-, “against”) +‎ κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to judge”) ``` Verb ἀποκρῑ́νω • (apokrī́nō) to separate, set apart to distinguish to choose to reject on inquiry (in middle voice) to answer, give answer, reply to answer charges, defend oneself to meet events, circumstances (passive) to be given as an answer (+ dative of agent) ``` ``` Verb δῐακρί̄νω • (diakrí̄nō) to separate, part to dissolve to distinguish to settle, decide (passive) to doubt, hesitate ``` Verb διακρίνω • (diakríno) (past διέκρινα) discern, see, perceive, detect differentiate Noun ανταποκρίτρια • (antapokrítria) f (plural ανταποκρίτριες, masculine ανταποκριτής) (journalism, female) correspondent Verb λογοκρίνω • (logokríno) (imperfect λογόκρινα, past λογόκρινα, passive λογοκρίνομαι) passive past: λογοκρίθηκα (transitive) censor From λογοκρισία f (logokrisía, “censorship”) λογο(κρισία) + κρίνω (kríno, “judge”). Noun λογοκρισία • (logokrisía) f (plural λογοκρισίες) censorship ————————————————————- Noun λύση • (lýsi) f (plural λύσεις) answer (to problem), solution λύσιμο n (lýsimo, “the untying”) ``` Noun λῠ́σῐς • (lúsis) f (genitive λῠ́σεως); third declension loosing, releasing, release, ransoming deliverance from guilt by expiatory rites redemption of mortgage or pledge parting emptying, evacuation solution (to a difficulty or problem) remission of fever ``` From λύω (lúō, “loosen”) +‎ -σις (-sis) ``` Verb λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō) ``` Verb λύω • (lýo) (past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal) terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form) λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος see imperative λύσατε λύσατε • (lýsate) 2nd person plural simple past indicative active form of λύνω (lýno). Older form: ἐλύσατε (elúsate) (archaic) 2nd person plural imperative of the ancient aorist ἔλῡσᾰ (élūsa): used as set phrase in military or gymnastics commands τους ζυγούς λύσατε ― tous zygoús lýsate ― dismissed, you are free to go ``` ἀνάλυσις (análusis) ἀντανάλυσις (antanálusis) ἀπόλυσις (apólusis) διάλυσις (diálusis) ἐπανάλυσις (epanálusis) ἐπίλυσις (epílusis) κατάλυσις (katálusis) Λύσανδρος (Lúsandros) Λυσίας (Lusías) Λυσικλῆς (Lusiklês) Λυσίμαχος (Lusímakhos) Λύσιππος (Lúsippos) Λῡσῐστρᾰ́τη (Lūsistrátē) Λυσίστρατος (Lusístratos) παράλυσις (parálusis) περίλυσις (perílusis) σύλλυσις (súllusis) ὑπέκλυσις (hupéklusis) ὑπόλυσις (hupólusis) ``` Noun ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension a loosing, releasing a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis (in Aristotle's Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one the solution of a problem retrogression, retirement, departure From ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”) +‎ -σις (-sis). Adjective ἀνᾰλῠτῐκός • (analutikós) m (feminine ἀνᾰλῠτῐκή, neuter ἀνᾰλῠτῐκόν); first/second declension analytical dissolvent ``` Noun δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς • (diálusis) f (genitive δῐᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension a separating or parting an ending, cessation a solution to a problem refutation of an argument discharge deed of separation or divorce division of inheritance ``` Verb δῐᾰλῡ́ω • (dialū́ō) to loose one from another, to part asunder, undo, dissolve Adjective δῐᾰ́λῠτος • (diálutos) m or f (neuter δῐᾰ́λῠτον); second declension relaxed Verbal adjective of δῐᾰλῡ́ω (dialū́ō, “loose one from another, part asunder”), with suffix -τος (-verbal adjectives). Noun κᾰτάλῠσῐς • (katálusis) f (genitive κᾰτάλῠσιεως); third declension dissolution, disbanding lodging, quarters, accommodation ``` Verb καταλύω • (katalúō) sense: loosen, unbind (for animals) I unyoke, I unharness Destroy I abolish, I do away with I deprive someone of their authority I put an end to something ``` Noun σῠ́λλῡσῐς • (súllūsis) f (genitive σῠλλῡ́σεως); third declension settlement, agreement, treaty From συλλύω (“to settle, put an end to”) +‎ -σις (-abstract noun). Noun παράλυσις • (parálusis) f (genitive παραλύσεως); third declension paralysis Verb παραλύω • (paralýo) (past παρέλυσα/παράλυσα, passive —) (transitive) paralyse (UK), paralyze (US) (transitive) bring to a halt (intransitive) be numb, be paralysed From παρα- (para-, “from”) +‎ λύω (lúō, “loosen; destroy”). Verb παραλύω • (paralúō) to weaken, to cause sickness or illness Adjective πᾰρᾰλῠτῐκός • (paralutikós) m (feminine πᾰρᾰλῠτῐκή, neuter πᾰρᾰλῠτῐκόν); first/second declension paralyzed —————————————————— Noun σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis (mathematics) addition agreement, treaty collection Noun σύνθεση • (sýnthesi) f (plural συνθέσεις) composition (the formation of the complex by combination of simpler) (chemistry) synthesis (especially by condensation) (music) composition, musical work (linguistics) compounding (the formation of long word by combination of shorter ones) σύνθετος (sýnthetos, “composite”, adjective) συνθέτης m (synthétis, “composer of music”) Adjective σύνθετος • (sýnthetos) m (feminine σύνθετη, neuter σύνθετο) composite, compound, synthetic Verb συντίθημῐ • (suntíthēmi) to assemble, put together συν- (with-) +‎ τίθημι (stand, put, place)

Answer 691

IDOL Noun είδωλο • (eídolo) n (plural είδωλα) idol reflection Etymology From Ancient Greek εἴδωλον (eídōlon, “eidōlon”). ``` Noun εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension phantom, ghost shape, figure, image image of the mind: idea, fancy representation, statue, idol ``` From εἶδος (eîdos, “form”). ``` Noun εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods. ``` Suffix -ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id Originally *-ϝειδής (*-weidḗs) “to see” from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, appearance”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). Adjective εἰδητῐκός • (eidētikós) m (feminine εἰδητῐκή, neuter εἰδητῐκόν); first/second declension constituting an εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, form”), figurate (logic) formal concerning type, specific From εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, form”) +‎ -τῐκός (-adjective). ——————————————————- ειδωλολατρεία Idolatry is the worship of an idol or cult image, being a physical image, such as a statue, or a person in place of God.[1][2][3] In Abrahamic religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam, idolatry connotes the worship of something or someone other than God as if it were God. In these monotheistic religions, idolatry has been considered as the "worship of false gods" and is forbidden by the values such as the Ten Commandments. The word idolatry comes from the Greek word eidololatria (εἰδωλολατρία) which itself is a compound of two words: eidolon (εἴδωλον "image") and latreia (λατρεία "worship", related to λάτρις). ``` Noun λᾰ́τρῐς • (látris) m or f (genitive λᾰ́τρῐος); third declension a hired servant a handmaid a slave a god's servant Ἀπόλλωνος λάτριν ``` From λᾰ́τρον (látron, “hire, payment”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant, to possess”). Noun λᾰτρείᾱ • (latreíā) f (genitive λᾰτρείᾱς); first declension service worship ``` Noun λατρεία • (latreía) f adoration, loving devotion darling, the person whom one adores worship a cult ``` λάτρης m (látris, “worshipper”) λάτρισσα f (látrissa, “worshipper”) Verb λατρεύω • (latreúō) to work for hire or pay, to be in servitude, serve to be subject to, to be bound or enslaved to serve the gods with prayers and sacrifices Verb λατρεύω • (latrévo) (past λάτρεψα, passive λατρεύομαι) worship, adore From λατρεύς (latreús, “hired servant”) +‎ -εύω (do as “x” does). Etymology Inherited from Ancient Greek λατρεύω (latreúō, “serve as a slave; serve gods with prayers”). worship (n.) Old English worðscip, wurðscip (Anglian), weorðscipe (West Saxon) "condition of being worthy, dignity, glory, distinction, honor, renown," from weorð "worthy" (see worth) + -scipe (see -ship). Sense of "reverence paid to a supernatural or divine being" is first recorded c. 1300. The original sense is preserved in the title worshipful "honorable" (c. 1300). weorðscipe Honor, respect Old English weorþ "significant, valuable, of value; valued, appreciated, highly thought-of, deserving, meriting; honorable, noble, of high rank; suitable for, proper, fit, capable," Old English weorðan "to become, be, to befall," from Proto-Germanic *werthan "to become" Gothic wairþan "to become"), literally "to turn into," from PIE root *wer- (2) "to turn, bend." *wer- (2) Proto-Indo-European root forming words meaning "to turn, bend." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vartate "turns round, rolls;" Avestan varet- "to turn;" Hittite hurki- "wheel;" Greek rhatane "stirrer, ladle;" Latin: vertere (frequentative versare) "to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed," Latin: versus "turned toward or against;" Old Church Slavonic vrŭteti "to turn, roll," Russian vreteno "spindle, distaff;" Lithuanian verčiu, versti "to turn;" German werden, Old English weorðan "to become;" Old English -weard "toward," originally "turned toward," Old English: weorthan "to befall," wyrd "fate, destiny," literally "what befalls one;" Welsh: gwerthyd "spindle, distaff;" Old Irish: frith "against." Data: Early IE words for ‘wheel’ 1) PIA *χwerg- ‘to turn (around)’ → *χwrg-i- > Hittite hurki- c. ‘wheel’ no other words from this root words in other Anatolian languages unknown → PToch. *wərk-wənt- > Toch. wärkänt ‘wheel’ → *wyerkwənto > B yerkwanto ‘wheel’ (cf. also yerter ‘wheelrim, felloe’) verb still exists in Tocharian Independent formations No words for ‘wheel’ from this root in other branches ——————————————————- From ὄζω (ózō, “smell”). Suffix -ώδης • (-ṓdēs) m or f (neuter -ῶδες); third declension Adjective-forming suffix: smelling of (by generalization) adjective-forming suffix: full of, like

Answer 692

WORSHIP προσκυνώ kowtow, worship, kneel proskyneo (pros- + canine / kyno ( kiss , love , revere ) κυνῶ Cynic, bitch, dog Adjective κῠνῐκός • (kunikós) m (feminine κῠνῐκή, neuter κῠνῐκόν); first/second declension doglike From κῠ́ων (kúōn, “dog”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós). κῠ́ων • (kúōn) m or f (genitive κῠνός); third declension a dog a bitch (derogatory) a bitch (used of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity) an offensive person κῠνῐ́δῐον • (kunídion) n (genitive κῠνῐδῐ́ου); second declension a little dog, a puppy From κῠ́ων (stem: κῠν- dog) +‎ -ῐ́δῐον (diminutive suffix). Noun κῠνέη • (kunéē) f (genitive κῠνέης); first declension (Epic, Ionic) leather helmet for soldiers From κύων (kúōn, “dog”) as such helmets were originally made of dog skin. Noun κῠνᾰ́γχη • (kunánkhē) f (genitive κῠνᾰ́γχης); first declension tonsilitis sore throat, an inflammation of the larynx dog collar Synonyms: κλοιός (kloiós), κυνοῦχος (kunoûkhos) pillory κῠ́ων (kúōn, “dog”) +‎ ἄγχω (ánkhō, “strangle”). cynic (comparative more cynic, superlative most cynic) cynical (in all senses) (not comparable) Relating to the Dog Star. the cynic, or Sothic, year; cynic cycle from Ancient Greek κυνικός (kunikós), originally derived from the portico in Athens called Κυνόσαργες (Kunósarges), the earliest home of the Cynic school, later reinterpreted as a derivation of κύων (kúōn, “dog”), in a contemptuous allusion to the uncouth and aggressive manners adopted by the members of the school. Latin: cynicus m (plural cynici) (philosophy) Cynic cynic, cynical person Noun Cynic (plural Cynics) A member of a sect of Ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue. From Latin Cynicus (cynic philosopher), from Ancient Greek Κυνικός (Kunikós, literally “doglike, currish”), from κύων (kúōn, “dog”) + -ικός (-ikós); see Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. The word may have first been applied to Cynics because of the nickname κύων (kúōn, “dog”) given to Diogenes of Sinope, the prototypical Cynic. ``` Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ Etymology Noun *ḱwṓ m dog From pre-Indo-European *ḱwóns. Hamp has suggested derivation from *péḱu. Perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), which would make English hound a very distant cognate of Chinese 犬 (quǎn). Perhaps also related to Proto-Northeast Caucasian *χːHwеje (“dog”). ``` cynic (n.) 1550s, "one of the ancient sect of philosophy founded by Antisthenes," from Latinized form of Greek kynikos "a follower of Antisthenes," literally "dog-like," from kyōn (genitive kynos) "dog" (from PIE root *kwon- "dog"). Supposedly the name is a reference to the coarseness of life and sneering surliness of the philosophers, and the popular association even in ancient times was "dog-like" (Lucian has kyniskos "a little cynic," literally "puppy"). σέβομαι respect σέβομαι • (sébomai) to feel awe or fear before God, especially when about to do something disgraceful; to feel shame, religious awe σέβομαι • (sébomai) to feel awe or fear before God, especially when about to do something disgraceful; to feel shame, religious awe Noun σέβας • (sébas) n (genitive —); irregular declension reverential awe object of wonder ``` Noun σέβας • (sévas) n (plural σέβη) respect (plural) a respectful greeting (in the plural, formal expression): τα σέβη μου (ta sévi mou, “my respects!”) ``` ``` ασέβεια f (aséveia, “disrespectfulness”) ευσέβεια f (efséveia, “piousness”) θεοσέβεια f (theoséveia, “piousness”) σεβαστός (sevastós, “respected, venerable”) and see: σέβομαι (sévomai, “respect”) ``` ``` λᾰ́τρῐς • (látris) m or f (genitive λᾰ́τρῐος); third declension a hired servant a handmaid a slave a god's servant ``` worship (n.) Old English worðscip, wurðscip (Anglian), weorðscipe (West Saxon) "condition of being worthy, dignity, glory, distinction, honor, renown," from weorð "worthy" (see worth) + -scipe (see -ship). Sense of "reverence paid to a supernatural or divine being" is first recorded c. 1300. The original sense is preserved in the title worshipful "honorable" (c. 1300). weorðscipe Honor, respect Old English weorþ "significant, valuable, of value; valued, appreciated, highly thought-of, deserving, meriting; honorable, noble, of high rank; suitable for, proper, fit, capable," Old English weorðan "to become, be, to befall," from Proto-Germanic *werthan "to become" Gothic wairþan "to become"), literally "to turn into," from PIE root *wer- (2) "to turn, bend." *wer- (2) Proto-Indo-European root forming words meaning "to turn, bend." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vartate "turns round, rolls;" Avestan varet- "to turn;" Hittite hurki- "wheel;" Greek rhatane "stirrer, ladle;" Latin: vertere (frequentative versare) "to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed," Latin: versus "turned toward or against;" Old Church Slavonic vrŭteti "to turn, roll," Russian vreteno "spindle, distaff;" Lithuanian verčiu, versti "to turn;" German werden, Old English weorðan "to become;" Old English -weard "toward," originally "turned toward," Old English: weorthan "to befall," wyrd "fate, destiny," literally "what befalls one;" Welsh: gwerthyd "spindle, distaff;" Old Irish: frith "against." Data: Early IE words for ‘wheel’ 1) PIA *χwerg- ‘to turn (around)’ → *χwrg-i- > Hittite hurki- c. ‘wheel’ no other words from this root words in other Anatolian languages unknown → PToch. *wərk-wənt- > Toch. wärkänt ‘wheel’ → *wyerkwənto > B yerkwanto ‘wheel’ (cf. also yerter ‘wheelrim, felloe’) verb still exists in Tocharian Independent formations No words for ‘wheel’ from this root in other branches ——————————————————- From ὄζω (ózō, “smell”). Suffix -ώδης • (-ṓdēs) m or f (neuter -ῶδες); third declension Adjective-forming suffix: smelling of (by generalization) adjective-forming suffix: full of, like

Answer 693

CONCLUDE συμπεραίνω Verb conclude I draw a conclusion περαίνω pass the finish line, finish, complete pass an exam Cognates Latin: absolvere (obsolete) to absolve (to take or pass an exam) Cognates Latin: absolvō Verb absolvō (present infinitive absolvere, perfect active absolvī, supine absolūtum); third conjugation I loosen from, make loose, detach, untie (figuratively) I pay off (figuratively) I complete, finish (law) I absolve, acquit, declare innocent. From ab- (“from, away from”) +‎ solvō (“release, loosen, dissolve, take apart”). ``` Cognates Latin: solvō Verb solvō (present infinitive solvere, perfect active solvī, supine solūtum); third conjugation I loosen, untie, undo; free [up], release, acquit, exempt I solve, explain I dissolve, break up, separate I relax, slacken, weaken I cancel, remove, destroy I pay [up], fulfil I undermine I get rid of (feelings) I let down (hair) I open (a letter) I unfurl I raise (a siege) I dismiss (troops) I set sail (ships) ``` From se- (“away”) +‎ luō (“to untie, set free, separate”). Prefix sē- apart-, aside-, away- claudō (“to close, shut, confine”) → sēclūdō (“to shut off”) dūcō (“to lead”) → sēdūcō (“to lead away or astray, separate from”) (in a privative sense) without, lacking, wanting, -less cūra (“care, worry”) → sēcūrus (“free from care, easy; careless”) cor (“heart as the seat of vitality”) → socors (“lacking in vitality or alertness, sluggish, inactive, dull”) Verb luō (present infinitive luere, perfect active luī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I wash. I cleanse, purge. ``` Verb luō (present infinitive luere, perfect active luī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I expiate. I pay. I suffer. I satisfy. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₁- (“to cut off, separate, free”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λύω (lúō), English loose.

Answer 694

EXEGESIS Noun εξήγηση • (exígisi) f (plural εξηγήσεις) explanation, interpretation, exegesis, explication Verb εξηγώ • (exigó) (past εξήγησα, passive εξηγούμαι) clarify, explain, illustrate ``` Verb ἐξηγέομαι • (exēgéomai) I lead (the way) I lead (an army) or govern I dictate I prescribe, order I expound, interpret I relate, tell at length, explain ``` From ἐκ- (out from-) +‎ ἡγέομαι (go before, precede, lead). ``` Verb[edit] ἡγέομαι • (hēgéomai) I go before, precede; I lead the way, guide I lead (dative) in (genitive) (with accusative) I am leader (in a thing) I lead, command in war I rule, I have dominion (post-Homeric) I believe, hold I hold, regard (as something) ``` Noun ἥγησῐς • (hḗgēsis) f (genitive ἡγήσεως); third declension command From ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”) +‎ -σῐς (-noun). Noun ἐξήγησῐς • (exḗgēsis) f (genitive ἐξηγήσεως); third declension narration interpretation, explanation Noun δῐήγησῐς • (diḗgēsis) f (genitive δῐηγήσεως); third declension narration, narrative (in a speech) statement of a case From δῐηγέομαι (diēgéomai, “set out in detail, describe”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Noun ἐπεξήγησῐς • (epexḗgēsis) f (genitive ἐπεξηγήσεως); third declension detailed account or explanation From ἐπεξηγέομαι (epexēgéomai) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Verb ἐπεξηγέομαι • (epexēgéomai) I explain in detail Noun ῠ̔φήγησῐς • (huphḗgēsis) f (genitive ῠ̔φηγήσεως); third declension leading, guidance direction ———————————————————— exegesis (n.) 1610s, "explanatory note," from Greek exegesis "explanation, interpretation," from exegeisthai "explain, interpret," from ex "out" (see ex-) + hegeisthai "to lead, guide," from PIE root *sag- "to track down, seek out" (see seek (v.)). Meaning "exposition (of Scripture)" is from 1823. Related: Exegetic; exegetical; exegetically. exegete (n.) "one who expounds or interprets a literary production," 1730s, from Greek exegetes "an expounder, interpreter" (especially of the Bible), from exegeisthai

Answer 695

CONSENT - AUTONOMY - FREEWILL - SELF DETERMINATION συγκατάθεση consent, assent, acquiescence συναίνεση consent, acquiescence συγκατάβαση condescension, consent, allowance Verb συγκατατίθεμαι consent, assent to στέργω acquiesce, consent συγκατίθεμαι consent συναίνω consent, accede, concur, acquiesce, assent αποδέχομαι accept, consent ——————————————————- συγκατάθεση Consent In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy[note 1] is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in his or her work.[1] In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations.[2] In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine. αυτονομία Self Determination / Autonomy Autonomy is the right of self-determination. According to another definition, however, autonomy is not defined as a right (which implies that this right comes from somewhere outside the person holding autonomy - eg by Law or Ethics) but is defined as ability or according to third definition as a situation . That is, autonomy is the state of self-determination of the individual. But what exactly does self-determination mean? We can answer by pointing out the differentiation of autonomy from the concept of freedom: The latter refers to the ability and adequacy of means so that the individual can act without external and internal constraints according to his will. The first refers to the authenticity and independence of the motives themselves that determine the will of an individual, so that the source of the will is authentically the individual himself and not other external factors. [1] A concept appears in morality , the political and bioethical philosophy and refers to the potential capacity of a logical person to take crucial decisions on information and without coercion. The term is also used in a political sense in relation to the self-determination of a people . ————————————————————— Political Self Determination National self-determination is the right of a nation or people to decide independently on the international status of its territory and on issues directly related to it. In the middle mind the term has been associated with independence movements , so with the pursuit of creating new sovereign nation-states , but its scope is not limited to it - e.g. a people may consciously choose to stay in one multinational state or annex it to another. Often used with the same meaning as the most "global" term of national self-determination ( English national self-determination ), who also is a component of international law . In the Greek language the two concepts differ slightly: self-determination is more related to the nation as a political entity, while self-identification as identity . To the extent that it is difficult to agree on exactly what constitutes a nation, people, etc., it becomes equally difficult to agree on a specific methodology under which a nation is recognized for its right to self-determination. The gap is usually filled by the use of force, whether political or military , through which self-determination seekers seek to force the "oppressive state" to recognize the right. The international environment also plays an important role, especially the individual wills of the great powers that have the power to determine the terms of the game. The Greek Revolution is a typical example, in which all these factors coexisted: The Greeksthey revolted in 1821 against the Ottoman Empire , achieving significant military victories and at the same time causing a wave of philhellenism in Christendom . Gradually these two factors, in combination with the interests of Great Britain , France and Russia in the Mediterranean , led the great powers to the decision to impose Greek independence on the Ottomans, even involved militarily ( Navarino Battle, etc.).

Answer 696

HERALDRY — COAT of ARMS https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Heraldry https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_knowledge_system https: //www.unifiedtheoryofknowledge.org/8-key-ideas/the-tree-of-knowledge https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_History Flags Timeline https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armorial_of_sovereign_states https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_sovereign_state_flags https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_micronations https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_flags_by_design

Answer 697

TREE OF LIFE — BOOK OF LIFE https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Life https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_of_Days https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_History https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_theory Depiction of the book of life In Christianity and Judaism, the Book of Life (Hebrew: ספר החיים, transliterated Sefer HaChaim; Greek: βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς Biblíon tēs Zōēs) is the book in which God records the names of every person who is destined for Heaven or the World to Come.[citation needed] According to the Talmud it is open on Rosh Hashanah, as is its analog for the wicked, the Book of the Dead. For this reason extra mention is made for the Book of Life during Amidah recitations during the Days of Awe, the ten days between Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish new year, and Yom Kippur, the day of atonement (the two High Holidays, particularly in the prayer Unetaneh Tokef).

Answer 698

ICONOGRAPHY https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconography https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconology Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description and interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic style. The word iconography comes from the Greek εἰκών ("image") and γράφειν ("to write" or to draw). —————————————————- Iconology is a method of interpretation in cultural history and the history of the visual arts used by Aby Warburg, Erwin Panofsky and their followers that uncovers the cultural, social, and historical background of themes and subjects in the visual arts.[1] Though Panofsky differentiated between iconology and iconography, the distinction is not very widely followed, "and they have never been given definitions accepted by all iconographers and iconologists".[2] Few 21st-century authors continue to use the term "iconology" consistently, and instead use iconography to cover both areas of scholarship. To those who use the term, iconology is derived from synthesis rather than scattered analysis and examines symbolic meaning on more than its face value by reconciling it with its historical context and with the artist's body of work[3] – in contrast to the widely descriptive iconography, which, as described by Panofsky, is an approach to studying the content and meaning of works of art that is primarily focused on classifying, establishing dates, provenance and other necessary fundamental knowledge concerning the subject matter of an artwork that is needed for further interpretation.[4] Panofsky's "use of iconology as the principle tool of art analysis brought him critics." For instance, in 1946, Jan Gerrit Van Gelder "criticized Panofsky's iconology as putting too much emphasis on the symbolic content of the work of art, neglecting its formal aspects and the work as a unity of form and content."[5] Furthermore, iconology is mostly avoided by social historians who do not accept the theoretical dogmaticism in the work of Panofsky.[6]

Answer 699

GRAPH ``` γρᾰ́φω • (gráphō) (Epic) to scratch, cut into to draw, sketch, paint to write to write down, propose a law (middle) (indirect reflexive) write down for oneself, note down to indict, prosecute (perfect passive) be written down, be in written form ``` ``` from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- Root *gerbʰ- to carve From Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). ``` ``` Noun γρᾰφή • (graphḗ) f (genitive γρᾰφῆς); first declension drawing painting writing, a writing description ``` From γράφω (gráphō) +‎ -η (-ē). ``` Noun γραφή • (grafí) f (plural γραφές) writing, script (written characters that express some meaning) handwriting, hand (style of writing) the Bible ``` γραφο- (grafo-, “writing, written”) γραφείο n (grafeío, “office, desk”) γραφίδα f (grafída, “pen, writer”) γραφική ύλη f (grafikí ýli, “stationery, writing materials”) γραφικός (grafikós, “written”) γραφίς f (grafís, “pen”) γραφομηχανή f (grafomichaní, “typewriter”) (writing, handwriting): γράψιμο n (grápsimo) Etymology γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) +‎ -ιμο (-imo) Noun[edit] γράψιμο • (grápsimo) n (plural γραψίματα) writing (written letters or symbols that express some meaning) hand (style of penmanship), handwriting Suffix -ιμο • (-imo) n added to a verb form to create gerund nouns: ‎τρέχω (trécho, “to run”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎τρέξιμο (tréximo, “running”) ‎φταίω (ftaío, “to be at fault”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎φταίξιμο (ftaíximo, “blame”) ‎σφάζω (sfázo, “to slaughter”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎σφάξιμο (sfáximo, “slaughter”) ‎ντύνω (dýno, “to dress”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎ντύσιμο (dýsimo, “dressing”) ‎φτύνω (ftýno, “to spit”) + ‎-ιμο (-imo) → ‎φτύσιμο (ftýsimo, “spitting”) Cognates include Old English ċeorfan (English carve) Old English: Verb ċeorfan to cut γρᾰμμή γρᾰμμή • (grammḗ) f (genitive γρᾰμμῆς); first declension a stroke or line of a pen, a line as in mathematical figures (in forming letters) a line traced by a teacher an outline a line across the course, a starting- or winning-point used metaphorically of life a boundary-line, an edge the cutting edge of a knife a line or square on a chequer-board (law) the “long line”, i.e. a death sentence (medicine) linea alba Noun γράμμα • (grámma) n (genitive γράμματος); third declension that which is written, that which is drawn, picture letter (in the plural) alphabet writing, book a kind of small weight, scruple Noun γρᾰμμᾰτείδῐον • (grammateídion) n (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτειδῐ́ου); second declension small tablet to write on memorandum, written document From γραμματεῖον (grammateîon, “tablet”) +‎ -ῐ́δῐον (-ídion). Suffix -ῐ́δῐον • (-ídion) n (genitive -ῐδῐ́ου); second declension suffixed to nouns of any gender, forms neuter diminutive nouns ‎δέλτος (déltos) + ‎-ίδιον (-ídion) → ‎δελτίδιον (deltídion) ‎κῠ́ων (kúōn) + ‎-ίδιον (-ídion) → ‎κῠνίδιον (kunídion) Adjective γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός • (grammatikós) m (feminine γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή, neuter γρᾰμμᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension knowing one’s letters, of a good scholar (in the phrase γραμματικὸν ἔκπωμα) a cup engraved with the alphabet or an inscription concerned with textual criticism (in the phrase γραμματικὴ τέχνη) the grammatical art or craft, grammar. Noun γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός • (grammatikós) m (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτῐκοῦ); second declension teacher of the rudiments one who occupies himself with literary texts, grammarian, critic. Noun γραμματικός • (grammatikós) m (plural γραμματικοί) grammarian scribe, secretary Adjective γραμμ. • (gramm.) Abbreviation of γραμματικός (grammatikós): grammatical Noun γραμμ. • (gramm.) (m) Abbreviation of γραμματικός (grammatikós): grammar Noun διάγραμμα • (diágramma) n (genitive διαγράμματος); third declension That which is marked out in lines, plan, diagram. Adjective γρᾰμμῐκός • (grammikós) m (feminine γρᾰμμῐκή, neuter γρᾰμμῐκόν); first/second declension geometrical (figuratively, of a proof) rigorous linear (of, relating to, or having the form of a line or lines) (in the phrase γρᾰμμῐκὸς ἀρῐθμός) a linear number Synonym of γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός Adjective γραμμικός • (grammikós) m linear γρᾰμμή (grammḗ, “a stroke or line of a pen”, “a line as in mathematical figures”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós, “of or pertaining to”, “in the manner of”) ``` Noun γραφεύς • (grapheús) m (genitive γραφέως); third declension painter secretary writer scribe ``` From γράφω (gráphō, “to write”) +‎ -εύς (-eús, “-er”, masculine agent noun suffix). ————————————————— OUTLINE Noun σκῐᾱγρᾰ́φος • (skiāgráphos) m (genitive σκῐᾱγρᾰ́φου); second declension perspective-painter, scene-painter Synonym: σκηνογράφος (skēnográphos) From σκιά (skiá, “shadow”) +‎ -γράφος (-gráphos, “writer, painter”). ``` Noun σκῐᾱ́ • (skiā́) f (genitive σκῐᾶς); first declension shadow shade (shelter from the sun) shade (spirit of someone dead) ``` σκιά • (skiá) f (plural σκιές) shadow (usual and figurative English uses) dark area cast by light source θέατρο σκιών (shadow theatre) black area Ο ύποπτος χάθηκε μέσα στις σκιές της νύχτας. (The suspect disappeared into the shadows of the night.) follower, person following another, tail shadow effects (in typography, etc) σκιά ματιών (eye shadow) faded, weakened person σκιά του παλιού του εαυτού (shadow of his former self) Noun ίσκιος • (ískios) m (plural ίσκιοι) shadow Synonym: σκιά (skiá) Verb καταγράφω • (katagráfo) (past κατέγραψα, passive καταγράφομαι) register, list minute (to write minutes) Morphologically, from κατα- (“fully”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). καταγεγραμμένος (katagegramménos, “recorded, registered”, participle) (learned, with reduplication) καταγραμμένος (katagramménos, “recorded, registered”, participle) καταγραφή f (katagrafí, “recording, registering”) καταγραφικός (katagrafikós) Verb παραγράφω • (paragráfo) (past παρέγραψα, passive παραγράφομαι) (law) erase, strike out Morphologically, from παρα- (“beside”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). ``` παραγράφω Etymology 2 From παρα- (“in excess”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). Verb[edit] παραγράφω • (paragráfo) (past παράγραψα/παραέγραψα, passive παραγράφομαι) write too much write for too long (expresses fatigue) exaggerate, overstate when writing ``` Noun παράγραφος • (parágrafos) f (plural παράγραφοι) (grammar) paragraph clause (of document) Noun clause (plural clauses) (grammar) A verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them. (grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent. (law) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document. Latin diminutive clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”) from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). See close. clause (plural clauses) sentence, clause statement, line (of a text) writing, text, document, letter A section or portion of a text; a part of a series of quotes (law) A clause, term, or consideration; a section in a legal document. ``` Noun λογογράφος • (logográphos) m (genitive λογογράφου); second declension prose writer chronicler speechwriter ``` English: logographer Noun λογογρᾰφῐ́ᾱ • (logographíā) f (genitive λογογρᾰφῐ́ᾱς); first declension writing of speeches, of proses office or official recorder in a lawcourt Verb περιγράφω • (perigráfo) (past περιέγραψα, passive περιγράφομαι) write an account, describe describe, give an account of (orally) Morphologically, from περι- (“around”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). Related terms απερίγραπτος (aperígraptos) δυσπερίγραπτος (dysperígraptos, “difficult to describe”) περίγραμμα n (perígramma) περιγεγραμμένος (perigegramménos, “circumscribed”, participle) (geometry) (antonym: εγγεγραμένος (engegraménos, “inscribed”)) περιγραφή f (perigrafí, “description”) περιγραφικός (perigrafikós, “descriptive”) περιγραφικότητα f (perigrafikótita, “descriptiveness”) ``` Verb προγράφω • (prográphō) to write before or first to give public notice of, set forth publicly to summon by public notice to write at the top ``` προ- (pro-) +‎ γράφω (gráphō) προ- • (pro-) (with substantives) (denotes position before or in front) ``` Noun πρόγραμμα • (prógramma) n (plural προγράμματα) schedule (timed plan of events) program (of events) calendar (future events for theatre etc) broadcast ``` Noun προγρᾰφή • (prographḗ) f (genitive προγρᾰφῆς); first declension public notice, advertisement notice of sale public sale of confiscated property table drawn up in advance, of an astronomical cycle heading, preliminary form From προγρᾰ́φω (prográphō, “to write before or first”) +‎ -ή (-ḗ). Verb προσγρᾰ́φω • (prosgráphō) to write in addition, to add in writing to add to a list of persons, enroll, register (passive) to cause to be registered besides (passive) to register, enroll oneself (passive, of property) to be marked for confiscation to ascribe, attribute to prescribe to paint together with or beside (Koine, grammar) write immediately after another character (of the subscipt ἰῶτα, written as adscript) τὸ ῑ προσγεγράψεται ― tò ī prosgegrápsetai ― the ῑ is written as adscript [as in νῶι ] Morphologically, from προσ- (“toward”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). Prefix προσ- • (pros-) motion towards, accession to, or nearness to ``` Prefix προσ- • (pros-) toward (means proximity) (means agreement, similarity) (means hostility) (accentuates the meaning) ``` Verb σῠγγρᾰ́φω • (sungráphō) (Attic, Ionic, Koine) (transitive) write down; describe (middle, causative, transitive) to have something written down compose (something in prose: a writing, book, speech) (middle, transitive) to draw up or to sign (a contract, bond, treaty); to promise συγγεγραμμένος sungegramménos signatory (active or middle, politics, transitive) to draw up a motion to be submitted to a vote Verb συγγράφω • (syngráfo) (past συνέγραψα, passive συγγράφομαι) author, write ``` Related terms σύγγραμμα n (sýngramma) συγγραφέας m or f (syngraféas, “writer”) συγγραφή f (syngrafí, “writing”) συγγραφικός (syngrafikós) and see: γράφω (gráfo) ``` ``` Noun σῠγγρᾰφεύς • (sungrapheús) m (genitive σῠγγρᾰφέως); third declension prose-writer author historian party to a contract ``` From σῠγγρᾰ́φω (sungráphō) +‎ -εύς (-eús). Suffix -εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er Ancient Greek words suffixed with -εύς -εύω (-eúō) denominative verb of condition or activity: meaning "be x" -εῖος (-eîos) Forms adjectives, usually with a meaning of "of" or "from". -εῖον (-eîon) -εῖον • (-eîon) n (genitive -είου); second declension Forms nouns for instruments or means of action from noun-stems. Forms nouns of place. ``` Verb[edit] ῠ̔πογρᾰ́φω • (hupográphō) to write under to sign (one’s name) to trace, outline Epicurus, Letter to Menoikeus Πρῶτον μὲν τὸν θεὸν ζῷον ἄφθαρτον καὶ μακάριον νομίζων͵ ὡς ἡ κοινὴ τοῦ θεοῦ νόησις ὑπεγράφη͵... First believe that God is a living being immortal and happy, as the common notion of a god has indicated,... ``` ῠ̔πο- (under the yoke-) +‎ γρᾰ́φω (write) ἀναγράφω Verb anagrafo • ( anagrafo ) ( past invoiced , passive indication ) inscribe , record , publish insert , enter , record ( make an entry , enter a record ) αναγράφω (anagráfo, “to record, to publish, to make an entry”) αναγραφή - anagram f ( anagrafí , “ record ” ) Noun αναγραφή • (anagrafí) f (plural αναγραφές) record, entry writing ``` ἀπογράφω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: apographó Phonetic Spelling: (ap-og-raf'-o) Definition: to copy, enroll Usage: I enroll, inscribe in a register; mid: I give my name for registration (or census-taking). ``` διαγράφω delete Deleted erase a portion of the text either completely or carving up of a horizontal line , an X or other symbol deprive from a the property of the member (a compound , party , legislative group etc. ) I definitely lost something and cease to assert or with interest in terms of emotional, financial or other I form an imaginary line ( orbit ) as I move I present the basics of a design see also the liabilities are deleted ἐπιγράφω Verb superscribe • ( epigrafo ) ( past epegrapsa , passive inscription ) inscribe , engrave entitle , title from Ancient Greek ἐπιγράφω ( epigráphō , “ graze, inscribe ” ) ανεπίγραφος (anepígrafos, “uninscribed”, adjective) ενεπίγραφος (enepígrafos, “inscribed”) επιγεγραμμένος (epigegramménos, “inscribed”, participle) επίγραμμα n (epígramma, “inscription”) επιγραμματικός (epigrammatikós, “epigrammatic; of compact speech”) επιγραφή f (epigrafí, “inscription”) επιγραφική f (epigrafikí, “epigraphy”) επιγραφικός (epigrafikós, “epigraphic”, adjective) επιγραφολογία f (epigrafología, “epigraphy”) επιγραφολόγος m (epigrafológos, “epigraphist”) επιγραφοποιός m (epigrafopoiós, “sign writer”) ψευδεπίγραφος (psevdepígrafos, “with false title; spurious”) μεταγράφω Transliteration, Transcription transcribe ( passive voice : transcribe ) I render in writing a text or a word with another writing system or alphabet I enroll someone in another club or group , different from what it was until now ( legal ) I register in a special book of the mortgage office a change of ownership of a real estate ( abusive ) I transcribe Verb περιγράφω • (perigráfo) (past περιέγραψα, passive περιγράφομαι) write an account, describe describe, give an account of (orally) from περι- (“around”) +‎ γράφω (“write”). απερίγραπτος (aperígraptos) δυσπερίγραπτος (dysperígraptos, “difficult to describe”) περίγραμμα n (perígramma) περιγεγραμμένος (perigegramménos, “circumscribed”, participle) (geometry) (antonym: εγγεγραμένος (engegraménos, “inscribed”)) περιγραφή f (perigrafí, “description”) περιγραφικός (perigrafikós, “descriptive”) περιγραφικότητα f (perigrafikótita, “descriptiveness”) αντιγράφω (antigráfo, “to copy, to cheat”) εγγράφω (engráfo, “enrol, register”) επιγράφω (epigráfo, “inscribe, entitle”) σκηνογραφώ (skinografó, “direct film or play”) συγγράφω (syngráfo, “to write (a book, etc), to author”) υπογράφω (ypográfo, “to sign”) ———————————————————— ``` ἀναγράφω (anagráphō) ἀντεγγράφω (antengráphō) ἀντεπιγράφω (antepigráphō) ἀντιγράφω (antigráphō) ἀντιδιαγράφω (antidiagráphō) ἀντιπαραγράφω (antiparagráphō) ἀπογράφω (apográphō) ἀποδιαγράφω (apodiagráphō) γράβδην (grábdēn) γράμμα (grámma) γραμματεῖον (grammateîon) γραμματικός (grammatikós) γρᾰμμή (grammḗ) γραφεύς (grapheús) γραφή (graphḗ) γραψείω (grapseíō) διαγράφω (diagráphō) ἐγγράφω (engráphō) ἐγκαταγράφω (enkatagráphō) εἰσγράφω (eisgráphō) ἐκγράφω (ekgráphō) ἐμπεριγράφω (emperigráphō) ἐπιγράφω (epigráphō) ἐπιδιαγράφω (epidiagráphō) καθυπογράφω (kathupográphō) καταγράφω (katagráphō) λογογράφος (logográphos) μεταγράφω (metagráphō) μετεγγράφω (metengráphō) μετεπιγράφω (metepigráphō) παραγράφω (paragráphō) παρεγγράφω (parengráphō) παρεπιγράφω (parepigráphō) περιγράφω (perigráphō) ποιγράφω (poigráphō) προαναγράφω (proanagráphō) προγράφω (prográphō) προδιαγράφω (prodiagráphō) προεπιγράφω (proepigráphō) προκαταγράφω (prokatagráphō) προσαναγράφω (prosanagráphō) προσαπογράφω (prosapográphō) προσγρᾰ́φω (prosgráphō) προσδιαγράφω (prosdiagráphō) προσεγγράφω (prosengráphō) προσεπιγράφω (prosepigráphō) προσκαταγράφω (proskatagráphō) προσπαραγράφω (prosparagráphō) προσυπογράφω (prosupográphō) προϋπογράφω (proüpográphō) συγγράφω (sungráphō) συγκαταγράφω (sunkatagráphō) συμπεριγράφω (sumperigráphō) συναναγράφω (sunanagráphō) συνεγγράφω (sunengráphō) συνεπιγράφω (sunepigráphō) συνυπογράφω (sunupográphō) ὑπεργράφω (hupergráphō) ῠ̔πογρᾰ́φω (hupográphō) ```

Answer 700

TIME Noun εποχή • (epochí) f (plural εποχές) age, epoch, season Εποχή του Λίθου ― Epochí tou Líthou ― Stone Age (philosophy) epoche (the suspension of judgment) ——————————————————- SEASONS ``` σεζόν f (sezón) season άνοιξη f (ánoixi, “spring”) έαρ f (éar, “spring”) θέρος n (théros, “summer, harvet”) καλοκαίρι n (kalokaíri, “summer”) φθινόπωρο n (fthinóporo, “autumn, fall”) χειμώνας m (cheimónas, “winter”) ``` ———————————————————- AGE ηλικία age εποχή time, season, era, age, epoch Verb γερνώ tilt, age, grow old, list, tip γηράσκω age παλαιώνω age, stale ———————————————————————— TEMPORAL Adjective χρονικός temporal, of time κροταφικός temporal πρόσκαιρος impermanent, temporal κοσμικός cosmic, secular, worldly, lay, mundane, temporal ———————————————————————— PERMANENT Adjective μόνιμος permanent, resident, standing, regular, stable, abiding διαρκής lasting, standing, durable, permanent, constant, enduring σταθερός constant, stable, fixed, steady, firm, permanent Noun περμανάντ perm, permanent ———————————————————————— REMAIN - ABIDE Adjective αμετάβλητος unchanged, immutable, invariable, unchangeable, changeless, abiding μένων abiding τηρών abiding, observant μόνιμος permanent, resident, standing, regular, stable, abiding διαρκής lasting, standing, durable, permanent, constant, abiding σταθερός constant, stable, fixed, steady, firm, abiding ———————————————————————— ETERNAL from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”) whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye. ``` Adverb ᾱ̓εί or ᾰ̓εί • (āeí or aeí) (Attic) always, ever, forever Νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ. Nûn kaì aeì. For ever and ever. ``` ``` See also ἐνίοτε (eníote, “sometimes”) οὔποτε (oúpote, “never”) πολλάκις (pollákis, “often”) σπανίως (spaníōs, “seldom”) ``` ``` Noun αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity ``` ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂ey- vital force, life, age, eternity Etymology 2 Root *h₂ey- day, morning ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“lifetime, long time”) Adjective αιώνιος • (aiónios) m (feminine αιώνια or αιωνία, neuter αιώνιο) eternal, everlasting, perpetual (figuratively) hard-wearing διαρκής lasting, standing, durable, permanent, constant, perpetual αέναος perpetual αιώνιος eternal, everlasting, perpetual, undying, timeless, sempiternal αιώνας • (aiónas) m (plural αιώνες) century (100 consecutive years) Synonym: εκατονταετία (ekatontaetía) century (specifically a numbered period with conventional start) Έγινε στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα. Égine sta mésa tou 20ou aióna. It took place in the middle of the 20th century. Synonym: αι. (ai.) (abbrev.) (geology) eon, era, age Φανεροζωικός αιώνας ― Fanerozoïkós aiónas ― Phanerozoic eon eternity, age, eon ——————————————————————————- PERIODICITY Noun καιρός • (kairós) m (genitive καιροῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) measure; proportion; fitness (of time): period (of time); season; time (often in a positive sense) proper time, opportunity; prime, the right moment, the fatal spot (loosely): God's time (in the plural) the timesd advantage, profit Adjective καίρῐος • (kaírios) m (feminine καιρῐ́η, neuter καίρῐον); first/second declension (of place) in or at the right place; hence parts of the body: vital part, (of wounds) mortal, grave, serious (of time) in season, timely, at the exact or fatal moment; lasting but for a season (in superlative) chief, principal ——————————————————————————- Noun στῐγμή • (stigmḗ) f (genitive στῐγμῆς); first declension spot moment of time, instant Noun στῐ́γμᾰ • (stígma) n (genitive στῐ́γμᾰτος); third declension A mark from a pointed instrument, often as a sign of ownership: mark, brand, tattoo Any mark or spot (colour): gold ``` Noun στίγμα • (stígma) n (plural στίγματα) stigma (mark of infamy) disgrace scar, birthmark stigma (Ϛ and ϛ: a ligature of the Greek letters lunate sigma and tau) ``` Synonyms (birthmark): σημάδι n (simádi) Related terms[edit] στιγματίζω (stigmatízo, “stigmatise, disgrace”) στιγματισμός m (stigmatismós, “stigmatisation”) From the Ancient Greek root στιγ- (stig-) whence also στίζω (stízō, “I mark”), and the suffix -μα (-instanced suffix). ``` Verb στίζω • (stízō) I tattoo I mark (grammar) I punctuate ``` from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stikkô, whence English stick. ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *(s)teyg- to be sharp to sting ``` ``` Noun στιγμή • (stigmí) f (plural στιγμές) (time) moment, instant, jiffy περιμένετε μια στιγμή ― periménete mia stigmí ― wait a moment (typography) point (unit) (typography, linguistics) full stop ``` Inherited from Ancient Greek στιγμή (stigmḗ, “point”). From στίζω (stízō) +‎ -μή (-mḗ). Related terms μονοστιγμίς (monostigmís, “instantaneously, in one moment”) στιγμιαίος (stigmiaíos, “instantaneous”) στιγμιότυπο n (stigmiótypo, “still, snapshot”) στιγμόμετρο n (stigmómetro, “points ruler, typographic ruler”) υποστιγμή f (ypostigmí, “comma”) στίγμα n (stígma, “stigma, mark”) Adjective στιγμιαίος • (stigmiaíos) m (feminine στιγμιαία, neuter στιγμιαίο) brief, instantaneous, instant, momentary στιγμιαίος καφές m (stigmiaíos kafés) (instant coffee) Etymology υπο- (ypo-, “below, underneath”) +‎ στιγμή (stigmí, “point”) Noun υποστιγμή • (ypostigmí) f (plural υποστιγμές) (typography) the lower point or comma from early Greek texts ——————————————————————————- DURATION ``` διάρκεια • (diárkeia) f (uncountable) (time): duration, length Το τεστ έχει διάρκεια δύο ώρες. To test échei diárkeia dýo óres. The test has a duration of two hours. ``` Declension of διάρκεια (diárkeia) Derived terms κατά τη διάρκεια (katá ti diárkeia, “during, for the duration of”) εισιτήριο διαρκείας n (eisitírio diarkeías, “season ticket”) στυλό διαρκείας m (styló diarkeías, “ballpoint pen”) Related terms see: διαρκώ (diarkó, “to endure”) ——————————————————————————- ——————————————————————————- ——————————————————————————- ``` PERPETUAL Περπατήστε περπάτημα Noun περίπατος walk, walking, stroll, promenade, saunter, ramble ``` STEP ανεβαίνοντας βόλτα ride, walk, stroll περίπατος walk, walking, stroll, promenade, saunter, ramble πεζοπορία walk, tramp, pedestrianism βάδισμα gait, walk, march, tread, strut, pace Verb περπατώ walk βαδίζω walk, march, pad, scuff περιπατώ promenade, walk, stroll, ambulate, amble, perambulate ————————————————————————- SEQUENCE αλληλουχία Noun sequence From ἀλληλ (other) + -ουχία (power) ( Scholar ) the number and sequence of identical things, the link between in what precedes in what follows ( scholar ) the ermos , the logical connection of meanings and thoughts it is worth noting the logical sequence of his reasoning sequence < ἀλληλ (< ἀλλήλων ) + -ουχία (< hold ) Ultimately from the Ancient Greek prefix ἀλληλ- (allēl-) from ἄλλος (állos, “other”). Noun allele (plural alleles) (genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome. allelomorph (plural allelomorphs) (genetics, obsolete) Synonym of allele From allelo- (“other”) +‎ -morph (“shape”), from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”). Δημιουργία: -ουχία Creation: -power ——————————————————————————- BRIEF - SHORT IN DURATION Adjective σύντομος brief, summary, concise, curt, sententious βραχύς short, brief Noun περίληψη summary, resume, abstract, inclusion, synopsis, brief Verb συνοψίζω summarize, sum up, tabulate, brief, epitomize, condense —————————————————————- ENDURE ``` Verb διαρκώ • (diarkó) (past διήρκεσα/διάρκεσα, passive —) endure, last Conjugation διαρκώ (active forms only) ``` ``` Related terms διαρκώς (diarkós, “constantly”) διάρκεια f (diárkeia, “duration, length”) διαρκής (diarkís, “endless, constant”) and see: αρκώ (arkó, “suffice”) ```

Answer 701

PUNCTUATION ``` ( . ) τελεία (period) ( , ) κόμμα, υποδιαστολή (comma) ( : ) άνω και κάτω τελεία (semi-colon) ( · ) άνω τελεία ( ; ) ερωτηματικό (question mark) ( ! ) θαυμαστικό (exclamation point) ``` ``` ( « » ) εισαγωγικά ( " ) ( “ ” ) εισαγωγικά ( ' ) ( ‘ ’ ) εισαγωγικά ( ' ) ( ’ ) απόστροφος ( ¨ ) διαλυτικά ( ΄ ) τόνος ( - ) ενωτικό ( ‒ ) παύλα ( … ) αποσιωπητικά ( ( ) ) παρένθεση ( [ ] ) αγκύλη ( { } ) άγκιστρο ``` puncture (n.) late 14c., "small perforation or wound" made by or as if by a pointed instrument, from Late Latin punctura "a pricking," from Latin punctus, past participle of pungere "to prick, pierce" (from suffixed form of PIE root *peuk- "to prick"). The sense of "act of perforating or piercing" is from mid-15c. Related entries & more

Answer 702

DISCUSS Verb ζητῶ • (zētô) Contracted form of ζητέω (zētéō) Verb ζητώ • (zitó) a more formal variant of ζητάω (zitáo) Verb συζητάω • (syzitáo) / συζητώ (past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι/συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος) discuss, debate, talk over Χαίρομαι πάντοτε να ακούω όσα έχετε να πείτε και να συζητάω μαζί σας διάφορα θέματα. Chaíromai pántote na akoúo ósa échete na peíte kai na syzitáo mazí sas diáfora thémata. I always enjoy listening to what you have to say and discussing various issues with you. Alternative forms συζητώ (syzitó) (more formal) πολυσυζητημένος (polysyzitiménos, “overdiscussed”, participle) συζητημένος (syzitiménos, “talked about”, participle) συζήτηση f (syzítisi, “discussion”) συζητήσιμος (syzitísimos) συζητητής m (syzititís) συζητητικός (syzititikós) συζητιέται (syzitiétai, “it is said, discussed”) (as impersonal) and see: ζητάω (zitáo, “seek, ask for”) Verb ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος) ask for, request Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό. Zítisa éna potíri neró. I asked for a glass of water. Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι’ αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας». Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi’ aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas». I am looking for a nice job, so I’ve posted an advertisement: “Requesting position as secretary”. Ζητώ συγχώρεση. Zitó synchóresi. I ask for forgiveness. seek, look for Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση. Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi. I’m looking for a used car in good condition. (passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει. Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei. We’re selling lots of umbrellas. The are in demand whenever it rains. ``` Verb ζητέω • (zētéō) to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish ``` Noun ζήτημα • (zítima) n matter, issue question, subject, issue ``` Noun ζήτησῐς • (zḗtēsis) f (genitive ζητήσεως); third declension the act of seeking, searching for a search inquiry, investigation question ``` Adjective ζητητῐκός • (zētētikós) m (feminine ζητητῐκή, neuter ζητητῐκόν); first/second declension disposed to searching, inquiry (in masculine, substantive, usually in the plural) Sceptic (in feminine, substantive) Sceptic philosophy ``` Derived terms ἀζητητος (azētētos) ἀναζητέω (anazētéō) ἀναζήτησις (anazḗtēsis) ἀντιζητέω (antizētéō) διαζητέω (diazētéō) δυσζήτητος (duszḗtētos) ἐκζητέω (ekzētéō) ἐκζήτησις (ekzḗtēsis) ἐπιζητέω (epizētéō) ἐπιζήτησις (epizḗtēsis) ἐπιζητητέος (epizētētéos) ζηταρετησιάδης (zētaretēsiádēs) ζητεύω (zēteúō) ζήτημα (zḗtēma) ζητησιμος (zētēsimos) ζητήσιμος (zētḗsimos) ζήτησις (zḗtēsis) ζητητέος (zētētéos) ζητητής (zētētḗs) ζητητικός (zētētikós) ζητητός (zētētós) παραζητέω (parazētéō) προσαναζητέω (prosanazētéō) προσεπιζητέω (prosepizētéō) συζητέω (suzētéō) συζήτησις (suzḗtēsis) ``` Noun ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion (with genitive) zeal for one (with genitive) (passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory (of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness ``` Derived terms ζηλοτυπία (zēlotupía) ζηλότυπος (zēlótupos) ζηλόω (zēlóō) ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs) ``` Verb δίζημαι • (dízēmai) (chiefly Epic) to seek out, look for ``` Noun ζημῐ́ᾱ • (zēmíā) f (genitive ζημῐ́ᾱς); first declension loss, damage Antonym: κέρδος (kérdos) penalty in money, fine Synonyms: θωή (thōḗ), ποινή (poinḗ) (in general) penalty expense, expenditure dead loss, bad bargain ``` συζητώ συζητάω ζητάω ζητέω

Answer 703

EXPLANATION (from hegemony) + ηγεμόνας = prince = leader Noun εξήγηση • (exígisi) f (plural εξηγήσεις) explanation, interpretation, exegesis, explication. explanation the interpretation , the analysis of the causes that create a phenomenon or event science has not yet been able to explain this rare phenomenon ( usually in the plural ) the apology of someone who is called to informally justify his attitude or actions Do I have to explain every step I take? I think you owe me an explanation for your behavior yesterday the interpretation , the finding of the meaning or the message (eg of a text, of a dream) clear and detailed report of the details related to an object (event, situation, etc.) so that it can be understood. Noun ἐξήγησῐς • (exḗgēsis) f (genitive ἐξηγήσεως); third declension narration interpretation, explanation. From ἐξηγέομαι (exēgéomai) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). ``` Verb ἐξηγέομαι • (exēgéomai) I lead (the way) I lead (an army) or govern I dictate I prescribe, order I expound, interpret I relate, tell at length, explain ``` From ἐκ- (ek-) +‎ ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai). From ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”) ``` Verb ἡγέομαι • (hēgéomai) I go before, precede; I lead the way, guide I lead (dative) in (genitive) (with accusative) I am leader (in a thing) I lead, command in war I rule, I have dominion (post-Homeric) I believe, hold I hold, regard (as something) ``` ``` Noun ἡγεμών • (hēgemṓn) m (genitive ἡγεμόνος); third declension one who goes first (Odyssey) guide leader, chief governor, prince, ruler ``` Adjective ἡγεμονῐκός • (hēgemonikós) m (feminine ἡγεμονῐκή, neuter ἡγεμονῐκόν); first/second declension of or for a leader, ready to lead or guide capable of command, authoritative of or belonging to the prefect of Egypt Noun hegemon (plural hegemons) A dominating leader or force, especially that which dominates a separate political entity; a hegemonist. From Ancient Greek ἡγεμών (“a leader, guide, commander, chief”) from ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”). Noun ηγεμόνας • (igemónas) m (plural ηγεμόνες) prince, sovereign leader, ruler Synonyms (prince): πρίγκιπας m (prígkipas) Related terms[edit] ηγεμονεύω (igemonévo, “to rule”) ηγεμονία f (igemonía, “hegemony, principality”) ηγεμονικός (igemonikós, “princely”, adjective) ηγεμονίσκος m (igemonískos, “princeling”) Noun πρίγκιπας • (prígkipas) m (plural πρίγκιπες, feminine πριγκίπισσα) prince, title for the male children of a king and sometimes the extended royal family. title for the ruler of a small country senior title of the nobility (figuratively) A person living in luxury. Zει σαν πρίγκιπας. Zei san prígkipas. He lives like a prince. From Hellenistic Ancient Greek πρῖγκιψ (prînkips), from Latin prīnceps. Noun πρῖγκῐψ • (prînkips) m (genitive πρῑ́γκῐπος); third declension prince Adjective prī̆nceps (genitive prī̆ncipis); third-declension one-termination adjective first, foremost chief, distinguished ``` Noun prī̆nceps m (genitive prī̆ncipis); third declension leader, first man Consortionis Populorum Princeps Head of the Commonwealth principal person author, originator, founder, head chief, director prince, sovereign (military, as plural) company or division of the second line of soldiers. ``` prī̆nceps cīvitās (“first citizen”) (a title of the Roman Emperors, beginning with Caesar Augustus) Synonyms (first): prīmus

Answer 704

CREATION - DEMIURGE - CRAFTSMAN Noun δημιουργία • (dimiourgía) f (plural δημιουργίες) creation Etymology Ancient Greek δημιουργός (“demiurge - worker for the common good”). Synchronically anaslyable, from stem δημι-, from δῆμος (dêmos) + -ουργός (-ourgós), from the root of έργο (érgo). ``` Noun δῆμος • (dêmos) m (genitive δήμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) district, country, land the inhabitants of a district or land the common people (rare) commoner free citizens, sovereign people popular government, democracy popular assembly township, commune; deme name for a prostitute faction in a circus ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂mos (“people”) (perhaps originally a feminine), from *deh₂- (“to divide”) The original meaning was thus "part". Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀅𐀗 (da-mo), Old Irish dám (“followers, crowd”) δαίομαι • (daíomai) first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of δαίω (daíō) ``` Verb δαίω • (daíō) (transitive, usually middle) to divide, to share (transitive) to host (a feast) (passive) to be torn, to ache ``` Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to share”). ``` 𐀅𐀗 Mycenaean Greek Etymology Cognate with Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos). Noun 𐀅𐀗 (da-mo) village community ``` ——————————————————— WORK - URGE ``` Noun έργο • (érgo) n (plural έργα) work, project film, stage play, etc scientific research project art work, painting, etc building project, etc (physics) work (measured in joules) (chemistry, physics) thermodynamic work ``` αγορά εργασίας f (agorá ergasías, “labour market”) άεργος m (áergos, “not working, jobless”) ανεργία f (anergía, “unemployment”) άνεργος m (ánergos, “unemployed”) απεργία f (apergía, “strike”) απεργιακός (apergiakós, “strike”, adjective) απεργός m or f (apergós, “striker”) απεργοσπάστης m (apergospástis, “strike breaker”) απεργοσπάστρια f (apergospástria, “strike breaker”) επίδομα αωεργίας n (epídoma aoergías, “unemployment benefit”) εργάζομαι (ergázomai, “to work”) εργαζόμενος m (ergazómenos, “one that is working”) εργαλείο n (ergaleío, “tool”) εργασία f (ergasía, “job, profession”) εργαστήριο n (ergastírio, “workshop”) εργάτης m (ergátis, “worker”) εργατικός m (ergatikós, “hard working”) εργατικότητα f (ergatikótita, “industriousness”) εργοδότης m (ergodótis, “employer”) εργολαβία f (ergolavía, “enterprise”) εργοστάσιο n (ergostásio, “factory”) ``` Noun[edit] ἔργον • (érgon) n (genitive ἔργου); second declension A work, labour, task. A work or deed of war; a battle. A peaceful contest. A work of industry. (agriculture) Tillage; a tilled land. (weaving) Women's work; weaving. A deed, doing, action. A thing or matter. (passive) That which is wrought or made; a work. A result of work, profit or interest. A guild or company of workmen. ``` ——————————————————— OLD ENGLISH - WORK Cognates include Old English weorc (English work) ``` Noun weorc n work, in various senses, including: labor a creation, such as a building or a work of art act, deed Weorc sprecaþ swīðor þonne word. Actions speak louder than words. ``` Etymology From Proto-West Germanic *werk, whence also Old High German werc, Old Norse verk. Noun ġeweorc n work (something done or made) fort, fortress Noun handġeweorc n handiwork, handwork creation ——————————————————— Noun δημιούργημα • (dimioúrgima) n (plural δημιουργήματα) creation (the act of creation or the thing created) See also αίτιος (aítios, “responsible”) πρόξενος m (próxenos, “cause, consul”) ``` Adjective δημῐουργῐκός • (dēmiourgikós) m (feminine δημῐουργῐκή, neuter δημῐουργῐκόν); first/second declension of a craftsman, artisanal creative, tending to create things of or for the magistrates ``` From δημῐουργός (dēmiourgós, “craftsman”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós). Noun δημῐουργός • (dēmiourgós) m (genitive δημῐουργοῦ); second declension one who works for the people, a skilled workman, handicraftsman the maker of the world (in some Peloponesian states) magistrate Noun δημιουργός • (dimiourgós) m or f (plural δημιουργοί) creator of original works, craftsman, artisan Demiurge Related terms αδημιούργητος (adimioúrgitos, “not created”) αναδημιουργία f (anadimiourgía, “recreation”) αναδημιουργικός (anadimiourgikós, “recreative”) αναδημιουργώ (anadimiourgó, “recreate”) αυτοδημιούργητος (aftodimioúrgitos, “self-created”) αυτοδημιουργούμαι (aftodimiourgoúmai, “self-create”) δημιούργημα n (dimioúrgima, “creation”) δημιουργία f (dimiourgía, “creation”) Δημιουργία f (Dimiourgía, “the Creation”) δημιουργικός (dimiourgikós, “creative”) δημιουργικότητα f (dimiourgikótita, “creativity”) δημιουργημένος (dimiourgiménos, “created, successful”, participle) δημιουργικά (dimiourgiká, “creatively”) δημιουργικώς (dimiourgikós, “creatively”) δημιουργώ (dimiourgó, “create”) and see: δήμος m (dímos) & έργο n (érgo, “the work”) Verb δημιουργώ • (dimiourgó) (past δημιούργησα, passive δημιουργούμαι, p‑past δημιουργήθηκα, ppp δημιουργημένος) create, make, build, generate Related terms αναδημιουργώ (anadimiourgó, “recreate”) αυτοδημιουργούμαι (aftodimiourgoúmai, “I am self created”) and see: δημιουργός m (dimiourgós, “maker, creator”) See also compare with: πλάθω (plátho, “to create, to mould, to give form to”) Verb πλάθω • (plátho) active (past έπλασα, passive πλάθομαι) create, form, shape πλάθει ψωμάκια, κεφτέδες, κτλ (she creates bread rolls, meatballs, etc) fabricate, make up έπλασε ιστορίες (she created stories)

Answer 705

FORM — MOLD πλάθω (plátho, “to create, to mould, to give form to”) Verb πλάθω • (plátho) active (past έπλασα, passive πλάθομαι) create, form, shape πλάθει ψωμάκια, κεφτέδες, κτλ (she creates bread rolls, meatballs, etc) fabricate, make up έπλασε ιστορίες (she created stories)

Answer 706

DIMENSION διάσταση Noun διάσταση • (diástasi) f (plural διαστάσεις) dimension (length, width, height) stretching, growth, increase separation astride (position when standing with legs apart sideways) Derived terms δύο διαστάσεων (dýo diastáseon, “of two dimensions”) λόγος διαστάσεων m (lógos diastáseon, “aspect ratio”) λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis, “aspect ratio”) λόγος διαστάσεων Noun λόγος διαστάσεων • (lógos diastáseon) m (uncountable) aspect ratio Synonyms λόγος διάστασης m (lógos diástasis) αναλογία πλευρών f (analogía plevrón)

Answer 707

ANALOGY αναλογία • (analogía) f (plural αναλογίες) analogy proportion, ratio αναλογία Derived terms αναλογία πλευρών f (analogía plevrón, “aspect ratio”) Related terms[edit] ανάλογα (análoga, “proportionally”) ανάλογος (análogos, “analogous, proportional”) αναλογικός (analogikós, “proportional, analogue”) αναλογώ (analogó, “to be analogous”)

Answer 708

METAPHOR μεταφορά • (metaforá) f (plural μεταφορές) (rhetoric) metaphor transport, transportation Etymology From μεταφέρω (metaphérō, “to transfer”) +‎ -η (abstract noun). Pronunciation μετᾰφορᾱ́ • (metaphorā́) f (genitive μετᾰφορᾶς); first declension transference (rhetoric) metaphor, trope metaphor (n.) "figure of speech by which a characteristic of one object is assigned to another, different but resembling it or analogous to it; comparison by transference of a descriptive word or phrase," late 15c., methaphoris (plural), from French metaphore (Old French metafore, 13c.) and directly from Latin metaphora, from Greek metaphora "a transfer," especially of the sense of one word to a different word, literally "a carrying over," from metapherein "to transfer, carry over; change, alter; to use a word in a strange sense," from meta "over, across" (see meta-) + pherein "to carry, bear" (from PIE root *bher- (1) "to carry," also "to bear children"). Noun metaphor (countable and uncountable, plural metaphors) (uncountable, rhetoric) The use of a word or phrase to refer to something other than its literal meaning, invoking an implicit similarity between the thing described and what is denoted by the word or phrase. Coordinate term: simile (when the similarity is made explicit by the words like or as) (countable, rhetoric) A word or phrase used in such implied comparison. (countable, graphical user interface) The use of an everyday object or concept to represent an underlying facet of the computer and thus aid users in performing tasks. From Middle French métaphore, from Latin metaphora, from Ancient Greek μεταφορά (metaphorá), from μεταφέρω (metaphérō, “I transfer, apply”), from μετά (metá, “with, across, after”) + φέρω (phérō, “I bear, carry”) Etymology From μετα- (meta-, indicating change) +‎ φέρω (phérō, “bear, carry”) μεταφέρω • (metaphérō) to carry over, transfer to change, alter (rhetoric) to transfer a word to a new sense, use it in a changed sense, employ a metaphor αερομεταφερόμενος (aerometaferómenos, “airborne”) αερομεταφορά f (aerometaforá, “air transport”) αερομεταφορέας m (aerometaforéas, “air carrier”) μεταφορά f (metaforá, “transport; metaphor”) μεταφορέας m (metaforéas, “carrier, transporter”) μεταφορικά (metaforiká, “figuratively”, adverb) μεταφορικός (metaforikós, “transferring; figurative”) μεταφερόμενος (metaferómenos, “who is being transferred”, passive present participle) μεταφερμένος (metaferménos, “transferred”, passive perfect participle) μεταφορά metaphor the movement of a thing or person (eg goods - passengers) from one place to another, usually by some means of transport the movement elsewhere the transfer of files from the hard disk to the floppy disk is completed the business will remain closed for two days due to the relocation of its offices to another building the transcription , adaptation or rendering of a creative work in a form other than its original the successful cinematic adaptation of the well-known novel ( literature , rhetoric ) a form of speech in which the properties of one element are attributed (transferred) to another, which has different qualitative characteristics from the first in the phrase "the opponent became a hare" a metaphor is used : an animal quality (the speed of the hare) is attributed to a human (the opponent) ≠ antonyms : literally ( for text ) rendering in another language ( linguistics ) direct language loan included in the recipient language grammatically adapted [1] " hippie " is a Greek translation of the English hippie ; it is inflected, it has the plural "the hippies" μεταφορέας carrier person , organization , material or program that carries anything the porter , the breadwinner Related words → see the words convey , after and fetch Metaphor Metaphors (beat the meat or choke the chicken or jerkin' the gherkin for masturbation, take a dump and take a leak for defecation and urination respectively) Comparisons (buns for buttocks, weed for cannabis) Metonymy (men's room for "men's toilet")

Answer 709

ALLEGORY from both ἄλλος (allos), "another, different" and ἀγορεύω (agoreuo), "to harangue, to speak in the assembly", which originates from ἀγορά (agora), "assembly". As a literary device, an allegory is a narrative in which a character, place, or event is used to deliver a broader message about real-world issues and occurrences. Authors have used allegory throughout history in all forms of art to illustrate or convey complex ideas and concepts in ways that are comprehensible or striking to its viewers, readers, or listeners. Writers and speakers typically use allegories to convey (semi-)hidden or complex meanings through symbolic figures, actions, imagery, or events, which together create the moral, spiritual, or political meaning the author wishes to convey.[2] Many allegories use personification of abstract concepts. First attested in English in 1382, the word allegory comes from Latin allegoria, the latinisation of the Greek ἀλληγορία (allegoría), "veiled language, figurative",[3] which in turn comes from both ἄλλος (allos), "another, different"[4] and ἀγορεύω (agoreuo), "to harangue, to speak in the assembly",[5] which originates from ἀγορά (agora), "assembly".[6]

Answer 710

PARADOX See also ``` Mutual incompatibility Law: Alternative pleading Logic: Mutual exclusivity Mutually entailing Kettle logic Paradox Religion: Antinomianism (Christianity) Others: Oxymoron Double bind ``` In literature, the paradox is an anomalous juxtaposition of incongruous ideas for the sake of striking exposition or unexpected insight. It functions as a method of literary composition and analysis that involves examining apparently contradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to explain their presence. Literary or rhetorical paradoxes abound in the works of Oscar Wilde and G. K. Chesterton. Most literature deals with paradox of situation; Rabelais, Cervantes, Sterne, Borges, and Chesterton are recognized as masters of situation as well as verbal paradox. Statements such as Wilde's "I can resist anything except temptation" and Chesterton's "spies do not look like spies"[2] are examples of rhetorical paradox. Further back, Polonius' observation that "though this be madness, yet there is method in't" is a memorable third.[2] Also, statements that are illogical and metaphoric may be called paradoxes, for example: "The pike flew to the tree to sing." The literal meaning is illogical, but there are many interpretations for this metaphor. παραδοξολογία paradox, strange talk Paradox and irony[edit] Although paradox and irony as New Critical tools for reading poetry are often conflated, they are independent poetical devices. Irony for Brooks is "the obvious warping of a statement by the context"[6] whereas paradox is later glossed as a special kind of qualification that "involves the resolution of opposites."[7] Irony functions as a presence in the text – the overriding context of the surrounding words that make up the poem. Only sentences such as 2 + 2 = 4 are free from irony; most other statements are prey to their immediate context and are altered by it (take, as an example, the following joke. "A woman walks into a bar and asks for a double entendre. The bartender gives it to her." This last statement, perfectly acceptable elsewhere, is transformed by its context in the joke to an innuendo). ἀντίνόμος Antinomy (Greek ἀντί, antí, "against, in opposition to", and νόμος, nómos, "law") refers to a real or apparent mutual incompatibility of two laws.[1] It is a term used in logic and epistemology, particularly in the philosophy of Kant. There are many examples of antinomy. A self-contradictory phrase such as "There is no absolute truth" can be considered an antinomy because this statement is suggesting in itself to be an absolute truth, and therefore denies itself any truth in its statement. A paradox such as "this sentence is false" can also be considered to be an antinomy; for the sentence to be true, it must be false, and vice versa. Kant's use[edit] Further information: Kant's antinomies The term acquired a special significance in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), who used it to describe the equally rational but contradictory results of applying to the universe of pure thought the categories or criteria of reason that are proper to the universe of sensible perception or experience (phenomena).[2] Empirical reason cannot here play the role of establishing rational truths because it goes beyond possible experience and is applied to the sphere of that which transcends it. For Kant there are four antinomies,[3][4][5] connected with:[6] the limitation of the universe in respect to space and time the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality the existence of a universal being[2]

Answer 711

PUN - DOUBLE ENTENDRE - Innuendo pun play with words , usually with polysemous or homonyms E.g. - The grandmother lives alone after her grandfather's death . - And what caught her and she is kneading ? Περισσότερα most puns are unfortunately impossible to translate successfully into another language French: jeu de mots Game of words A double entendre[note 1] (plural double entendres) is a figure of speech or a particular way of wording that is devised to have a double meaning, of which one is typically obvious, whereas the other often conveys a message that would be too socially awkward, sexually suggestive, or offensive to state directly.[2][3] A double entendre may exploit puns or word play to convey the second meaning. Double entendres generally rely on multiple meanings of words, or different interpretations of the same primary meaning. They often exploit ambiguity and may be used to introduce it deliberately in a text. Sometimes a homophone can be used as a pun. When three or more meanings have been constructed, this is known as a "triple entendre", etc. According to the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, the expression comes from the rare and obsolete identical French expression, which literally meant "double meaning" and was used in the senses of "double understanding" or "ambiguity" An innuendo is a hint, insinuation or intimation about a person or thing, especially of a denigrating or a derogatory nature. It can also be a remark or question, typically disparaging (also called insinuation), that works obliquely by allusion. In the latter sense the intention is often to insult or accuse someone in such a way that one's words, taken literally, are innocent. According to the Advanced Oxford Learner's Dictionary, an innuendo is "an indirect remark about somebody or something, usually suggesting something bad, mean or rude", such as: "innuendos about her private life" or "The song is full of sexual innuendo".[1]

Answer 712

AMBIGUITY vs. CLEAR - CLARITY ασάφεια vagueness female the lack of clarity , vagueness , generality point vague , not specific, too general Ambiguity is a type of meaning in which a phrase, statement or resolution is not explicitly defined, making several interpretations plausible. A common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. It is thus an attribute of any idea or statement whose intended meaning cannot be definitively resolved according to a rule or process with a finite number of steps. (The ambi- part of the term reflects an idea of "two", as in "two meanings".) The concept of ambiguity is generally contrasted with vagueness. In ambiguity, specific and distinct interpretations are permitted (although some may not be immediately obvious), whereas with information that is vague, it is difficult to form any interpretation at the desired level of specificity. Context may play a role in resolving ambiguity. For example, the same piece of information may be ambiguous in one context and unambiguous in another. σαφής Clear, unambiguous clear, -ής, -ές which is fully understood or said with certainty and leaves no room for misinterpretation The three general secretaries of the Ministry of Regional Development and Competitiveness will remain in their positions - they are not going to be replaced! This clear assurance was given to them by the Minister ... (TO VIMA newspaper, October 31, 2010) characterized by a clear perception of reality and certainty Many internet users do not have a clear idea of the potential risks in their transactions conspicuous , obvious , well perceived Apart from the two kilns dating back to different eras, part of the paved floor was found with clear traces of fire. (KATHIMERINI newspaper, July 23, 1995) σαφήνεια clarity the quality of a meaning to be clear and comprehensible

Answer 713

SEMANTICS From σημαίνω (“to indicate”) +‎ -ικός (-adjective). From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “a mark”) Adjective σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension significant, giving signs Adjective σημαντικός • (simantikós) m (feminine σημαντική, neuter σημαντικό) important, significant, considerable, outstanding, notable Antonym: ασήμαντος (asímantos) Not important, not significant Ο καλός ύπνος είναι σημαντικός για την απώλεια βάρους. O kalós ýpnos eínai simantikós gia tin apóleia várous. Good sleep is important for weight loss. ``` σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) Verb I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` ——————————————————— Semantics (from Ancient Greek: σημαντικός sēmantikós, "significant")[a][1] is the study of meaning, reference, or truth. The term can be used to refer to subfields of several distinct disciplines, including philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. Semantics can address meaning at the levels of words, phrases, sentences, or larger units of discourse. One of the crucial questions which unites different approaches to linguistic semantics is that of the relationship between form and meaning. The semantics is defined as: i) The branch of linguistic science that examines the semantic structure of a language (a general concept). ii) A Grammar sector alongside Morfosyntaxi the Phonetics and Phonology , analyzes the importance of words and interpretation ( interpretative semantics ) semantic sentence structure, or produce ( Genetic semantics ) entirely suggestions based initially universally semantically shapes (more specific meaning).

Answer 714

EUPHEMISM eû (εὖ), meaning 'good, well', and phḗmē (φήμη), meaning 'prophetic speech; rumour, talk'. A euphemism (/ˈjuːfəmɪzəm/) is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant.[1] Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Euphemisms may be used to mask profanity or refer to taboo topics such as disability, sex, excretion, or death in a polite way. Euphemism comes from the Greek word euphemia (εὐφημία) which refers to the use of 'words of good omen'; it is a compound of[eû (εὖ), meaning 'good, well', and phḗmē (φήμη), meaning 'prophetic speech; rumour, talk'. 3] Eupheme is a reference to the female Greek spirit of words of praise and positivity, etc. The term euphemism itself was used as a euphemism by the ancient Greeks; with the meaning "to keep a holy silence" (speaking well by not speaking at all). Purpose[edit] Avoidance[edit] Reasons for using euphemisms vary by context and intent. Commonly, euphemisms are used to avoid directly addressing subjects that might be deemed negative or embarrassing, e.g. death, sex, excretory bodily functions. They may be created for innocent, well-intentioned purposes or nefariously and cynically, intentionally to deceive and confuse. Mitigation[edit] Euphemisms are also used to mitigate, soften or downplay the gravity of large-scale injustices, war crimes, or other events that warrant a pattern of avoidance in official statements or documents. For instance, one reason for the comparative scarcity of written evidence documenting the exterminations at Auschwitz, relative to their sheer number, is "directives for the extermination process obscured in bureaucratic euphemisms".[5] Euphemisms are sometimes used to lessen the opposition to a political move. For example, according to linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu used the neutral Hebrew lexical item פעימות peimót ("beatings (of the heart)"), rather than נסיגה nesigá ("withdrawal"), to refer to the stages in the Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank (see Wye River Memorandum), in order to lessen the opposition of right-wing Israelis to such a move.[6]:181 The lexical item פעימות peimót, which literally means "beatings (of the heart)" is thus a euphemism for "withdrawal".[6]:181 Rhetoric[edit] Euphemism may be used as a rhetorical strategy, in which case its goal is to change the valence of a description.

Answer 715

RHETORIC The modes of persuasion or rhetorical appeals (Greek: pisteis) are strategies of rhetoric that classify the speaker's appeal to the audience. These include ethos, pathos, and logos. By the term Rhetoric , (from the Greek word ῥητωρ ), in its modern conceptual context is meant that field of study and technique that deals with the synthesis of oral and written speech in its modern forms of pronunciation, in order to become a means of persuasion and effectiveness on for some reason. Rhetoric is a complex technical study. Ethos Main article: Ethos Ethos (plural: ethea) is an appeal to the authority or credibility of the presenter. It is how well the presenter convinces the audience that the presenter is qualified to speak on the subject. This can be done by: Being a notable figure in the field in question, such as a college professor or an executive of a company whose business is related to the presenter's topic Demonstrating mastery of the terminology of the field Being introduced by or producing bona fides from other established authorities Pathos Main article: Pathos Pathos (plural: pathea) is an appeal to the audience's emotions. The terms sympathy, pathetic, and empathy are derived from it. It can be in the form of metaphor, simile, a passionate delivery, or even a simple claim that a matter is unjust. Pathos can be particularly powerful if used well, but most speeches do not solely rely on pathos. Pathos is most effective when the author or speaker demonstrates agreement with an underlying value of the reader or listener. In addition, the speaker may use pathos and fear to sway the audience. Pathos may also include appeals to audience imagination and hopes; done when the speaker paints a scenario of positive future results of following the course of action proposed. In some cases, downplaying the ethos can be done while emphasizing pathos, for example as William Jennings Bryan did in his Cross of Gold speech: I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were but a measuring of ability; but this is not a contest among persons. The humblest citizen in all the land when clad in the armor of a righteous cause is stronger than all the whole hosts of error that they can bring. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of liberty—the cause of humanity. — William Jennings Bryan Logos Main article: Logos Logos (plural: logoi) is logical appeal or the simulation of it, and the term logic is derived from it. It is normally used to describe facts and figures that support the speaker's claims or thesis. Having a logos appeal also enhances ethos because information makes the speaker look knowledgeable and prepared to his or her audience. However, the data can be confusing and thus confuse the audience. Logos can also be misleading or inaccurate, however meaningful it may seem to the subject at hand. In some cases, inaccurate, falsified, or miscontextualized data can even be used to enact a pathos effect. Such is the case with casualty numbers, which, while not necessarily falsified, may include minor casualties (injuries) that are equated with deaths in the mind of an audience and therefore can evoke the same effect as a death toll. Rhetoric (/ˈrɛtərɪk/)[note 1] is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic – see Martianus Capella), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the capacities of writers or speakers needed to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations.[5] Aristotle defines rhetoric as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion" and since mastery of the art was necessary for victory in a case at law; or for passage of proposals in the assembly; or for fame as a speaker in civic ceremonies; he calls it "a combination of the science of logic and of the ethical branch of politics".[6] Rhetoric typically provides heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for particular situations, such as Aristotle's three persuasive audience appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. The five canons of rhetoric or phases of developing a persuasive speech were first codified in classical Rome: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. From Ancient Greece to the late 19th century, rhetoric played a central role in Western education in training orators, lawyers, counsellors, historians, statesmen, and poets.

Answer 716

TRIVIUM - SEMANTICS Etymologically, the Latin word trivium means "the place where three roads meet" (tri + via) Description Grammar teaches the mechanics of language to the student. This is the step where the student "comes to terms," defining the objects and information perceived by the five senses. Hence, the Law of Identity: a tree is a tree, and not a cat. Logic (also dialectic) is the "mechanics" of thought and of analysis, the process of composing sound arguments and identifying fallacious arguments and statements and so systematically removing contradictions, thereby producing factual knowledge that can be trusted. Rhetoric is the application of language in order to instruct and to persuade the listener and the reader. It is the knowledge (grammar) now understood (logic) and being transmitted outwards as wisdom (rhetoric). Aristotle defined Rhetoric as, "the power of perceiving in every thing that which is capable of producing persuasion."[4] Adjective ασήμαντος • (asímantos) m (feminine ασήμαντη, neuter ασήμαντο) trivial, negligible, insignificant. ``` Verb σημαίνω • (simaíno) (past σήμανα, passive —) mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal ``` σημασία f (simasía, “meaning”) Noun σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) Quadrivium From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search For most medieval scholars, who believed that God created the universe according to geometric and harmonic principles, science – particularly geometry and astronomy – was linked directly to the divine. To seek these principles, therefore, would be to seek God. In liberal arts education, the quadrivium (plural: quadrivia[1]) consists of the four subjects or arts (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy) taught after the trivium. The word is Latin, meaning 'four ways', and its use for the four subjects has been attributed to Boethius or Cassiodorus in the 6th century.[2][3] Together, the trivium and the quadrivium comprised the seven liberal arts (based on thinking skills),[4] as distinguished from the practical arts (such as medicine and architecture).

Answer 717

YOU HAD KNOWN ᾔδεις you had known V-LIA-2S

Answer 718

NARCOTIC - STUPOR - TYPE - DRUM - STRIKE ναρκωτικό • (narkotikó) n (plural ναρκωτικά) Adjective narcotic drug (affecting the central nervous system) Adjective ναρκωτικός • (narkōtikós) making stiff or numb, narcotic Noun νάρκωσις • (nárkōsis) f (genitive ναρκόσεως); third declension benumbing From ναρκόω (narkóō, “I benumb”) +‎ -σις (-sis). Verb ναρκόω • (narkóō) I benumb. νάρκη (nárkē, “numbness”) +‎ -όω (-factitive verb) Noun νάρκη • (nárkē) numbness, torpor stingray. electric ray May be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nerk-, from *(s)ner- (“to turn, twist”). ``` Noun νάρκη • (nárki) f (plural νάρκες) (military) mine, landmine torpor, stupor, lethargy numbness ``` χειμερία νάρκη f (cheimería nárki, “hibernation”) χειμέριος (cheimérios, “winter”) + νάρκη f (nárki, “torpor”) Noun stupor (countable and uncountable, plural stupors) A state of greatly dulled or completely suspended consciousness or sensibility; (particularly medicine) a chiefly mental condition marked by absence of spontaneous movement, greatly diminished responsiveness to stimulation, and usually impaired consciousness. A state of extreme apathy or torpor resulting often from stress or shock. Synonym: daze Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin stupor (“insensibility, numbness, dullness”). Distantly related (from Proto-Indo-European, via Proto-Germanic) to stint, stub, and steep. Noun stupor m (genitive stupōris); third declension Numbness; dullness, insensibility, stupidity, stupefaction; astonishment, wonder, amazement. Synonym: torpor (especially) Dullness, stupidity, stolidity. From stupeō (“to be struck senseless, be stunned, be astonished”) +‎ -or (nominal suffix). Verb stupeō (present infinitive stupēre, perfect active stupuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem (intransitive) I am stunned, stiffened or benumbed, stop, hesitate. (intransitive) I am dazed, speechless or silenced; I am astounded, confounded, aghast or amazed. (transitive) I am astonished or amazed at, wonder at. From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Cognates include Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “I strike”), Sanskrit तोपति (tópati, “to hurt”), Albanian shtyj (“to thrust”), Old Church Slavonic тъпати (tŭpati), and Old English styntan (English stint), Old English stybb (English stub), Old English stēap (English steep) ``` Verb τύπτω • (túptō) (literally or figuratively) to beat, strike, smite (middle) to beat, strike oneself to beat one's breast in grief: to mourn ``` ``` Noun τῠ́πος • (túpos) m (genitive τῠ́που); second declension A blow, pressing The results of a blow: mark, impression mark, figure, image, outline General character of a thing: sort, type text, content pattern, example, model summoning ``` ``` Cognates: τύπος Noun τύπος • (týpos) m (plural τύποι) sort, type, mould, stamp (of a person character) model, type (of car, etc) shape, form the press, the newspapers collectively formality, convention (chemistry, mathematics) formula (colloquial) a man, a guy, a chap ``` ``` ανάτυπο n (anátypo, “offprint”) ανατυπώνω (anatypóno, “to reprint”) ανατύπωση f (anatýposi, “impression”) έκτυπος (éktypos, “embossed”) συνέντευξη τύπου f (synéntefxi týpou, “press conference”) τυπικός (typikós, “formal”) τυπολάτρης m (typolátris, “formalist, ritualist”) τυπώνω (typóno, “to print”) ``` From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”). ``` Noun τῠ́μπᾰνον • (túmpanon) n (genitive τῠμπᾰ́νου); second declension (music) drum, kettledrum drumstick, staff, cudgel instrument of torture cylinder or drum of a piston wheel ``` ``` Noun τύμπανο • (týmpano) n (plural τύμπανα) (music) timpani, drum (anatomy) ear drum (architecture) tympanum (lithography) drum ``` From Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum, kettledrum”). Doublet of τούμπανο (toúmpano). Noun τούμπανο • (toúmpano) n (colloquial, music) Alternative form of τύμπανο (týmpano) (colloquial, characterisation, figuratively) swollen thing, distended thing Γίνανε τα δάχτυλά μου τούμπανο. Gínane ta dáchtylá mou toúmpano. My fingers became swollen. βρίσκω τούμπανο (vrísko toúmpano, “to find someone stone dead”, literally “to find drum”) μου τα 'κανε τούμπανο (mou ta 'kane toúmpano, “he broke my balls”) ο κόσμος τό 'χει τούμπανο κι αυτός κρυφό καμάρι (o kósmos tó 'chei toúmpano ki aftós kryfó kamári, “it's a public secret”, literally “the world has it as if drummed out and he a private pride”) το κάνω τούμπανο (to káno toúmpano, “to shout something from the rooftops”, literally “to make it a drum”) τουμπανιάζω (toumpaniázo, “to swell up”) τουμπάνιασμα n (toumpániasma, “swelling”) τουμπανίζω (toumpanízo, “to swell up”)

Answer 719

TO NAME ὄνομα (name) +‎ -αίνω (verb suffix, “to be named”) ὀνομαίνω • (onomaínō) to name to utter, speak to nominate, appoint Noun ὄνομᾰ • (ónoma) n (genitive ὀνόμᾰτος); third declension name fame (compare English make a name for oneself) (grammar) noun, in the wide sense: referring to most word classes that are declined for case and number – a substantive (English noun), an adjective, or a pronoun – but excluding the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) and the article ὁ (ho) (grammar) phrase From Proto-Indo-European *h₃nómn̥ (“name”). Cognate with Phrygian ονομαν (onoman) Old English nama (English name) Sanskrit नामन् (nā́man) Latin nōmen ——————————————————————- ``` Verb ὀνομάζω • (onomázō) I speak of by name, address by name (of things) I name, specify I call one something I nominate I name after I say or give names I make famous ``` Verb ἐπονομάζω • (eponomázō) to name, call (give a name to) to call by name Verb κατονομάζω • (katonomázo) (past κατονόμασα) name, identify, mention Θέλουμε να κατονομάσεις τον πραγματικό ένοχο. Théloume na katonomáseis ton pragmatikó énocho. We wish to name the real culprit. Adjective ὀνομᾰστῐκός • (onomastikós) m (feminine ὀνομᾰστῐκή, neuter ὀνομᾰστῐκόν); first/second declension good at naming Of or concerning naming (elliptically for ὀνομαστική πτῶσις (ptôsis)) the nominative case From ὀνομάζω (onomázō, “to name”) +‎ -τικός (-tikós), from ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). SUFFIX Suffix -τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive ‎ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”) Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels ‎ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”) ‎ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + ‎-τικός (-tikós) → ‎ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”) From -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix) or -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix) +‎ -κός (-kós, adjective suffix) ——————————————————————- SUFFIX Suffix -αίνω • (-aíno) usually produces verbs indicating acquisition of a property ‎ζεστός (zestós, “hot”) + ‎-αίνω (-aíno) → ‎ζεσταίνω (zestaíno, “to get hot”) ‎άρρωστος (árrostos, “ill”) + ‎-αίνω (-aíno) → ‎αρρωσταίνω (arrostaíno, “to be taken ill”) Suffix -αίνω • (-aínō) Originally found in verbs formed from nominal stems in -ᾰν- (-an-) plus Proto-Indo-European verbal suffixes *-yeti or *-yéti ‎μέλᾰν- (mélan-, “black”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎μελαίνω (melaínō, “to blacken”) ‎ποιμέν- (poimén-, “herdsman”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎ποιμαίνω (poimaínō, “to herd”) (< *poh₂imn̥yeti) And on nouns with original n-stem ‎ὀνόματ- (onómat-, “name”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎ὀνομαίνω (onomaínō, “to name”) (< *h₃nomn̥yeti) ‎σήματ- (sḗmat-, “sign”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎σημαίνω (sēmaínō, “to signify”) (< *dʰyeh₂mn̥yeti) Then added to other nominal stems ‎λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎λευκαίνω (leukaínō, “to make white”) ‎χαλεπός (khalepós, “hard, angry”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎χαλεπαίνω (khalepaínō, “to be angry”) ``` Recent additions to the category ὀνομαίνω πιαίνω πημαίνω λαχαίνω κυμαίνω βλεμεαίνω χαλεπαίνω ποιμαίνω Oldest pages ordered by last edit βλεμεαίνω κυμαίνω λαχαίνω ὀνομαίνω ποιμαίνω χαλεπαίνω πημαίνω πιαίνω ```

Answer 720

TO INQUIRE Ἐπύθετο 52 He inquired 52 V-AIM-3S punthanomai: to inquire, by impl. to learn Original Word: πυνθάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: punthanomai Phonetic Spelling: (poon-than'-om-ahee) Definition: to inquire, by implication to learn Usage: I ask, inquire, ascertain by inquiry, understand. ask, demand, inquire, understand. Middle voice prolonged from a primary putho (which occurs only as an alternate in certain tenses); to question, i.e. Ascertain by inquiry (as a matter of information merely; and thus differing from erotao, which properly means a request as a favor; and from aiteo, which is strictly a demand for something due; as well as from zeteo, which implies a search for something hidden; and from deomai, which involves the idea of urgent need); by implication, to learn (by casual intelligence) -- ask, demand, enquire, understand. see GREEK erotao see GREEK aiteo see GREEK zeteo see GREEK deomai

Answer 721

MENTAL EXERTION - EFFORT - DYNAMIC - ENERGY - WORK - POWER - FORCE - STRENGTH - PUSH - PULL - VITALITY - MIGHT - MOVE - KINETIC - CHANGE Verb ασκώ exercise, exert, drill, wield προσπαθώ try, endeavor, strive, attempt, exert, exert oneself μεταχειρίζομαι treat, use, behave, deal, employ, exert καταβάλλω δυνάμεις exert ————————————————————- Translations of force - Greek: Noun δύναμη power, strength, force, virtue, might, potency βία violence, force, rush, constraint, expedition, precipitance ισχύς force, power, strength, might, mightiness ζόρι force, strain, compulsion, stress Verb ζορίζω push, force, press, strain βιάζω rape, ravish, compel, force, violate, strain φορτσάρω spurt, force εξαναγκάζω force, bulldoze, coerce, constrain —————————————————- Translations of force - Latin: Noun vis vis, force, violence, strength, Power, energy potentia might, Power, force, strength, hold, efficacy robur strength, hardiness, toughness, force, stronghold, oak inpes attack, assault, charge, onset, onslaught, force impetus impetus, attack, violence, assault, onset, force inpetus impulse, force, onset, vehemence, onslaught, tilt coactus compulsion, force, coercement praesentia presence, ubication, attendance, strength, force, effect impes violence, impulse, attack, onset, onslaught, force quantitas quantity, amount, size, extent, dimensions, force vigor vigor, force, vitality, activity, liveliness, freshness Verb cogo force, get together, gather, huddle, collect, thicken —————————————————- WORK Translations of work Noun εργασία work, labor, job, employment, business, operation έργο work, task, opus, doing, deed δουλειά slavery, work, job, business, servitude, serfdom Verb εργάζομαι work, operate, labor, labour δουλεύω work λειτουργώ operate, work, behave κατεργάζομαι process, tool, work —————————————————- EXERT - ASCETICISM Verb ασκώ • (askó) (past άσκησα, passive ασκούμαι, p‑past ασκήθηκα, ppp ασκημένος) (sports, of any dexterity) train, practise (UK), practice (US), exercise, instruct ασκώ τους μύες του σώματός μου, τη μνήμη, το μυαλό askó tous mýes tou sómatós mou, ti mními, to myaló I train the muscles of my body, memory, the mind Ασκούμαι κάθε μέρα με τρέξιμο και γυμναστική. Askoúmai káthe méra me tréximo kai gymnastikí. I train myself every day with running and exercise. (military) drill, train practice, engage in (profession, avocation) ασκώ δικηγορία ― askó dikigoría ― I practice the law (I am a lawyer) exert, exercise ασκώ τα δικαιώματά μου ― askó ta dikaiómatá mou ― I exercise my rights ασκώ εξουσία, δύναμη, γοητεία ― askó exousía, dýnami, goïteía ― I exercise authority, power, charm —————————————————- δυνάμεις • (dynámeis) f (biblical, in the plural) powers (level of angels) ``` Noun δύναμη • (dýnami) f (plural δυνάμεις) power, force, strength, brawn (military) force δύναμη καταδρομών (commando force) (physics) force ``` (Katharevousa) δύναμις (dýnamis, “power”) —————————————————- Noun ισχύς • (ischýs) f (plural ισχύες) power, might, strength force (physics) power Η ισχύς ισούται με το γινόμενο της ταχύτητας του επί τη δύναμη. Power equals the velocity multiplied by the force. From Ancient Greek ἰσχύς (iskhús, “strength, power”). see: ισχύω (ischýo, “be valid”) Verb ισχύω • (ischýo) (past ίσχυσα, passive —) be valid, be in effect Το διαβατήριό μου ισχύει για ένα χρόνο. To diavatírió mou ischýei gia éna chróno. My passport is valid for one year. Το Σάββατο έχουμε ραντεβού. Ισχύει; To Sávvato échoume rantevoú. Ischýei? We have a date on Saturday. Isn't it (is it still in effect)? have validity, have power ενίσχυση f (eníschysi, “amplification”) ενισχυτής m (enischytís, “amplifier”) ενισχυτικός (enischytikós, “amplificatory”) ενισχύω (enischýo, “reinforce”) & related terms ισχύων (ischýon, “valid”, participle) κατίσχυση f (katíschysi, “domination, triumph over”) κατισχύω (katischýo, “dominate, prevail completely, triumph over”) προενίσχυση f (proeníschysi, “preamplification”) προενισχυτής m (proenischytís, “preamplifier”) ραδιοενισχυτής m (radioenischytís) υπερίσχυση f (yperíschysi, “prevalence”) υπερισχύω (yperischýo, “prevail”) Also: ανίσχυρος (aníschyros, “powerless”) ισχυρίζομαι (ischyrízomai, “claim”) ισχυρισμός m (ischyrismós, “claim”) ισχυρός (ischyrós, “strong, powerful”) & related terms ισχύς f (ischýs, “power”) —————————————————- exert (v.) 1660s, "thrust forth, push out," from Latin exertus/exsertus, past participle of exerere/exserere "thrust out, put forth," from ex "out, from within" (see ex-) + serere "attach, join; arrange, line up" (from PIE root *ser- (2) "to line up"). Meaning "put into use" is 1680s. Related: Exerted; exerting. exertion (n.) 1660s, "act of exerting," from exert + -ion. Meaning "vigorous action or effort" is from 1777. Related entries & more exsert (v.) "to thrust forth, protrude," 1660s, biologists' variant of exert (q.v.) based on the original Latin form. Also as an adjective, "projecting beyond the surrounding parts." Related: Exsertion. Related entries & more *ser- (2) Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to line up." It forms all or part of: assert; assertion; assort; consort; desert (v.) "to leave one's duty;" desertion; dissertation; ensorcell; exert; exsert; insert; seriatim; seriation; series; sermon; serried; sorcerer; sorcery; sort. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sarat- "thread;" Greek eirein "to fasten together in rows;" Latin serere "to join, link, bind together," series "row, chain, series, sequence, succession;" Gothic sarwa (plural) "armor, arms;" Old Norse sörve "necklace of stringed pearls;" Old Irish sernaid "he joins together;" Welsh ystret "a row." Related entries & more pressure (v.) "to pressurize," 1886, American English, from pressure (n.). Meaning "to exert pressure on" (someone) is attested by 1922. Related: Pressured; pressuring. ——————————————————- Verb προσπαθώ • (prospathó) (past προσπάθησα, passive —) attempt, try Synonym: αποπειρώμαι (apopeirómai) Noun προσπάθεια • (prospátheia) f (plural προσπάθειες) (the action of trying at something): attempt, try; go (informal) Κάθε ανταγωνιστής επιτρέπεται τρεις προσπάθειες. Káthe antagonistís epitrépetai treis prospátheies. Each competitor is allowed three attempts. Synonym: απόπειρα (apópeira) ——————————————————- MOVE Participle mōtus (feminine mōta, neuter mōtum); first/second-declension participle moved, stirred, disturbed, having been moved aroused, excited, begun, inspired, having been aroused troubled, concerned, tormented, having been troubled ``` Verb moveō (present infinitive movēre, perfect active mōvī, supine mōtum); second conjugation I move, stir, set in motion I disturb, shake, remove I arouse, excite, promote, produce I begin, commence, undertake I excite, inspire, influence I present or offer (an oblation or gift) I trouble, concern, torment (someone) I exert, exercise (of plants) I put forth ``` from Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“to move”). Translations of move - Greek: Noun κίνηση move, movement, traffic, motion, moving, actuation Verb κινούμαι move, budge, bestir, bestir oneself μετακινώ move, remove, transfer, redeploy, move remove, shift κινώ move, propel, budge, bestir, motivate, wag σειέμαι move κουνιέμαι dangle, move, wobble μετατοπίζω shift, displace, move, transpose συγκινώ move, thrill, touch μετοικώ change residende, move προτείνω recommend, propose, suggest, offer, proffer, move ``` Noun κίνηση • (kínisi) f (plural κινήσεις) (physics) movement (physical motion) movement traffic blink (of eye) flow activity ``` Verb κινώ • (kinó) (past κίνησα, passive κινούμαι, p‑past κινήθηκα) move, start, arouse I am ready to go Synonym: κινάω (kináo) (colloquial, demotic) αεικίνητο n (aeikínito, “which is in perpetual motion”) αεροκινητήρας m (aerokinitíras, “aero engine”) αεροκίνητος (aerokínitos, “airborne”) ακινησία f (akinisía, “motionlessness”) ακινητοποιώ (akinitopoió, “immobilise”) ακινητώ (akinitó, “be still”) ανακινώ (anakinó, “to shake, to stir up”) απαρακίνητος (aparakínitos, “not urged on”, adjective) αργοκινώ (argokinó, “move slowly”) αυτοκίνητο n (aftokínito, “automobile, car”) διακινώ (diakinó, “distribute”) δυσκινησία f (dyskinisía, “difficulty of motion”) ευκινησία f (efkinisía, “ease of motion, mobility”) κίνημα n (kínima, “coup, movement”) κινηματίας m (kinimatías) κινηματογράφος f (kinimatográfos, “cinema”) κινησιο- (kinisio-) κινητήρας m (kinitíras, “motro”) κινητήριος (kinitírios, “moving, causing movement”) κινητικός (kinitikós, “moveable, mobile”) κινητικότητα f (kinitikótita, “movability”) κινητό n (kinitó, “mobile phone”) κινητοποίηση f (kinitopoíisi, “mobilisation”) κινητοποιώ (kinitopoió, “to mobilise”) κινητός (kinitós, “mobile”) -κίνητος (-kínitos) κίνητρο n (kínitro, “motivation”) μετακίνηση f (metakínisi, “repositioning, move”) μετακινώ (metakinó, “reposition, move”) ξεκινάω (xekináo, “start”), ξεκινώ (xekinó) παρακινώ (parakinó, “urge”) συγκινώ (sygkinó, “move emotionally”) τηλεκινησία f (tilekinisía, “telekinesis”) υποκινώ (ypokinó, “to incite”) and see: κίνηση f (kínisi, “movement”) ———————————————————- CHANGE Translations of change - Greek: Noun αλλαγή change, shift, switch, alteration, transition, variation μεταβολή change, variation, alteration, about turn, about-face ρέστα change ψιλά change, small change μετασχηματισμός transformation, change, modification, restructuring παραλλαγή variation, change μετάπτωση transition, change τροπή turn, change, trope Verb αλλάζω change, alter, chop, make over αλλάσσω change, vary, mutate μεταβάλλω change, transform into, change from μετασχηματίζω transform, remodel, change, restructure, modify αλλοιώνω change ————————————————————— TRANSFORM Translations of transform - Greek: Verb μετασχηματίζω transform, remodel, change, restructure, modify μετατρέπω convert, transform, transmute, alter, commute, divert μεταμορφώνω transform, metamorphose, transfigure, transship μεταμορφώ transfigure, transform Translations of form - Greek: Noun μορφή form, shape, figure, look, obloquy, rap φόρμα form, overalls, shape, dungarees σχήμα shape, form τύπος type, press, formula, form, chap, bloke τρόπος way, manner, mode, form, style, modus έντυπο υπόδειγμα form Verb σχηματίζω form, mold, frame, mould διαμορφώνω form, beat μορφώ form, shape συγκροτώ compose, form, constitute ————————————————- COERCE - COMPEL Translations of coerce Verb αναγκάζω compel, bludgeon, coerce, impel, constrain, necessitate εξαναγκάζω force, bulldoze, coerce, constrain πιέζω press, wring, jam, besiege, bear, coerce Verb ᾰ̓νᾰγκᾰ́ζω • (anankázō) (transitive, control verb) I force [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something] Synonym: βιάζω (biázō) From ἀνάγκη (anánkē, “force, necessity”) +‎ -άζω (-ázō, denominative verbal suffix). ``` Noun ᾰ̓νᾰ́γκη • (anánkē) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰ́γκης); first declension force constraint necessity ``` ``` Noun ᾰ̓νᾰ́γκη • (anánkē) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰ́γκης); first declension force constraint necessity ``` αναγκάζω (anagkázo, “to compel”) αναγκαία n pl (anagkaía, “necessities”) αναγκαίος (anagkaíos, “necessary”) αναγκαιότητα f (anagkaiótita, “necessity”) αναγκασμός m (anagkasmós, “compulsion”) αναγκαστικός (anagkastikós, “compulsory”) εξαναγκάζω (exanagkázo, “compel”) καταναγκάζω (katanagkázo, “compel”) καταναγκασμός m (katanagkasmós, “compulsion”) καταναγκαστικός (katanagkastikós, “compulsory”) πειθαναγκάζω (peithanagkázo, “compel forcefully”) πειθαναγκασμός m (peithanagkasmós) ψυχαναγκασμός m (psychanagkasmós) ψυχαναγκαστικός (psychanagkastikós)

Answer 722

FASCINATE - CHARM - ENCHANT - BEWICH ``` θέλγω • (thélgō) to charm, enchant, bewitch Synonym: κηλέω (kēléō) to cheat, cozen to charm, beguile, deceive ``` SYNONYM κηλέω , kêléô \ pronunciation? \ ( see conjugation ) To charm , to enchant with magic. ``` κηλέστης , charmer κήλημα , charm κηληθμός , enchantment κήλησις , enchantment κηλητήριος , charming κηλήτης , the one who is charmed ``` From Latin calvor , calumnia (“to deceive, slander”) from Common Indo-European * kel- (“to charm, deceive, amaze”). Calvör , infinitive : Calvi ( passive ) to be abused , to be deceived . ( deponent ) To deceive the vigilance, to seek to escape . calvitur manus sopor, Plautus. sleep makes me drop the work out of my hands cavilla , joke, mockery - and its derivatives Unexplained. Several unconvincing hypotheses: that is related to Lithuanian žvelgiù (“to look at”) (connecting it as "enchanting by an evil look"); to Sanskrit ह्वरते (hvarate, “to turn, diverge”) with Greek enlargment -γ-; to Germanic words like Old English dolg (“wound, scar”) and Old High German tolg (“wound”), both from Proto-Germanic *dulgą. Proto-Indo-European Adjective *dl̥h₁gʰós (non-ablauting) long calumnia ( Right ) Slander , accusation false, unjust accusation. Related: Cabal , maneuver, deception, deception, deceit, cunning (AM I want to) I attract someone, I charm, I seduce (a. "he wished him with her beauty" b. "and with whatever melodious persuasion he wants to learn", Aeschylus. ) arch. 1. to enchant, to soothe someone with medicines or with magical drinks or with spells or with chants ("ἀνδρῶν ὅμματα θέλγει", Ομ. Ιλ . ) 2. I deceive, I deceive, I deceive 3. I produce something with magical means, I do something with spells. [ ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. The meaning of r. "I do magic" led to its association with the stone. žvelgiu "I look", so the initial meaning is "I look, I enchant with the evil eye". On the other hand, it is related to the English-Saxons. —————————————————————— LATIN Verb fascinō (present infinitive fascināre, perfect active fascināvī, supine fascinātum); first conjugation I enchant, bewitch, charm, fascinate (especially by the eyes or tongue) ``` Enchant From Latin: incantare Verb incantare (transitive) to enchant, bewitch, beguile, spellbind to charm; to romantically attract (figuratively, by extension) seduce by flattery, promises, obsequiousness, etc. ``` Verb incantō (present infinitive incantāre, perfect active incantāvī, supine incantātum); first conjugation I sing. I recite, say or mutter over (a magic form of words). I consecrate with spells; enchant. From in- +‎ cantō. Verb cantō (present infinitive cantāre, perfect active cantāvī, supine cantātum); first conjugation I sing (all senses) I enchant, or call forth by charms, chant ``` Noun canto m (plural cantos) singing (the act of using the voice to produce musical sounds) Synonym: cantoria chant a bird’s song Synonym: canção (figuratively) any pleasant sound (poetry) canto ``` From canō (“I sing”) +‎ -tō (frequentative suffix). Verb canō (present infinitive canere, perfect active cecinī, supine cantum); third conjugation (transitive) I sing, recite, play (transitive) I sound, play, blow (a trumpet), especially a military call (transitive) I foretell, predict, prophesy (transitive, Medieval Latin) I celebrate Mass (transitive or intransitive, Medieval Latin) I pretend (that) (intransitive) I sing, make music (intransitive) I chant (intransitive, of owls) I hoot (intransitive, of a musical instrument) I sound, resound, play (intransitive) I sound, play Ancient Greek καναχέω (kanakhéō, “ring, clash, clang”), Verb καναχέω • (kanakhéō) to ring, clash, clang from Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “corner of the eye”). Cognates Old English: henn Noun henn f hen (female chicken) —————————————————————— charm (n.) c. 1300, "incantation, magic charm," from Old French charme (12c.) "magic charm, magic spell incantation; song, lamentation," from Latin carmen "song, verse, enchantment, religious formula," from canere "to sing" (from PIE root *kan- "to sing"), with dissimilation of -n- to -r- before -m- in intermediate form *canmen (for a similar evolution, see Latin germen "germ," from *genmen). The notion is of chanting or reciting verses of magical power. A yet stronger power than that of herb or stone lies in the spoken word, and all nations use it both for blessing and cursing. But these, to be effective, must be choice, well knit, rhythmic words (verba concepta), must have lilt and tune; hence all that is strong in the speech wielded by priest, physician, magician, is allied to the forms of poetry. [Jakob Grimm, "Teutonic Mythology" (transl. Stallybrass), 1883] charm (n.) c. 1300, "incantation, magic charm," from Old French charme (12c.) "magic charm, magic spell incantation; song, lamentation," from Latin carmen "song, verse, enchantment, religious formula," from canere "to sing" (from PIE root *kan- "to sing"), with dissimilation of -n- to -r- before -m- in intermediate form *canmen (for a similar evolution, see Latin germen "germ," from *genmen). The notion is of chanting or reciting verses of magical power. A yet stronger power than that of herb or stone lies in the spoken word, and all nations use it both for blessing and cursing. But these, to be effective, must be choice, well knit, rhythmic words (verba concepta), must have lilt and tune; hence all that is strong in the speech wielded by priest, physician, magician, is allied to the forms of poetry. [Jakob Grimm, "Teutonic Mythology" (transl. Stallybrass), 1883] *kan- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to sing." It forms all or part of: accent; cant (n.1); cantabile; cantata; cantatrice; canticle; canto; cantor; canzone; Carmen; chanson; chant; chanter; chanteuse; chanty; chanticleer; charm; concent; descant; enchant; enchantment; hen; incantation; incentive; oscine; precentor; recant. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek eikanos "cock," literally "bird who sings (for sunrise);" Latin cantare, canere "to sing;" Old Irish caniaid "sings," Welsh canu "sing;" Old English hana "cock." Related entries & more enchant (v.) late 14c., literal ("practice sorcery or witchcraft on") and figurative ("delight in a high degree, charm, fascinate"), from Old French enchanter "bewitch, charm, cast a spell" (12c.), from Latin incantare "to enchant, fix a spell upon," from in- "upon, into" (from PIE root *en "in") + cantare "to sing" (from PIE root *kan- "to sing"). Or perhaps a back-formation from enchantment. fascinate (v.) 1590s, "bewitch, enchant," from French fasciner (14c.), from Latin fascinatus, past participle of fascinare "bewitch, enchant, fascinate," from fascinus "a charm, enchantment, spell, witchcraft," which is of uncertain origin. Earliest used of witches and of serpents, who were said to be able to cast a spell by a look that rendered one unable to move or resist. Sense of "delight, attract and hold the attention of" is first recorded 1815. To fascinate is to bring under a spell, as by the power of the eye; to enchant and to charm are to bring under a spell by some more subtle and mysterious power. This difference in the literal affects also the figurative senses. [Century Dictionary] Possibly from Greek baskanos "slander, envy, malice," later "witchcraft, sorcerery," with form influenced by Latin fari "speak" (see fame (n.)), but others say the resemblance of the Latin and Greek words is accidental. The Greek word might be from a Thracian equivalent of Greek phaskein "to say;" compare enchant, and German besprechen "to charm," from sprechen "to speak." Watkins suggests the Latin word is perhaps from PIE *bhasko- "band, bundle" via a connecting sense of "amulet in the form of a phallus" (compare Latin fascinum "human penis; artificial phallus; dildo"). Related: Fascinated; fascinating. fame (n.) early 13c., "character attributed to someone;" late 13c., "celebrity, renown," from Old French fame "fame, reputation, renown, rumor" (12c.), from Latin fama "talk, rumor, report; reputation, public opinion; renown, good reputation," but also "ill-fame, scandal, reproach," from PIE root *bha- (2) "to speak, tell, say." The goddess Fama was the personification of rumor in Roman mythology. The Latin derivative fabulare was the colloquial word for "speak, talk" since the time of Plautus, whence Spanish hablar. I've always been afraid I was going to tap the world on the shoulder for 20 years, and when it finally turned around I was going to forget what I had to say. [Tom Waits, Playboy magazine interview, March, 1988] bewitch (v.) c. 1200, biwicchen, "cast a spell on; enchant, subject to sorcery," from be- + Old English wiccian "to enchant, to practice witchcraft" (see witch). Literal at first, and with implication of harm; figurative sense of "to fascinate, charm past resistance" is from 1520s. *Bewiccian may well have existed in Old English, but it is not attested. Related: Bewitchery; bewitchment. witch (n.) Old English wicce "female magician, sorceress," in later use especially "a woman supposed to have dealings with the devil or evil spirits and to be able by their cooperation to perform supernatural acts," fem. of Old English wicca "sorcerer, wizard, man who practices witchcraft or magic," from verb wiccian "to practice witchcraft" (compare Low German wikken, wicken "to use witchcraft," wikker, wicker "soothsayer"). OED says of uncertain origin; Liberman says "None of the proposed etymologies of witch is free from phonetic or semantic difficulties." Klein suggests connection with Old English wigle "divination," and wig, wih "idol." Watkins says the nouns represent a Proto-Germanic *wikkjaz "necromancer" (one who wakes the dead), from PIE *weg-yo-, from PIE root *weg- "to be strong, be lively." That wicce once had a more specific sense than the later general one of "female magician, sorceress" perhaps is suggested by the presence of other words in Old English describing more specific kinds of magical craft. In the Laws of Ælfred (c. 890), witchcraft was specifically singled out as a woman's craft, whose practitioners were not to be suffered to live among the West Saxons: Ða fæmnan þe gewuniað onfon gealdorcræftigan & scinlæcan & wiccan, ne læt þu ða libban. The other two words combined with it here are gealdricge, a woman who practices "incantations," and scinlæce "female wizard, woman magician," from a root meaning "phantom, evil spirit." Another word that appears in the Anglo-Saxon laws is lyblæca "wizard, sorcerer," but with suggestions of skill in the use of drugs, because the root of the word is lybb "drug, poison, charm" (see leaf (n.)). Lybbestre was a fem. word meaning "sorceress," and lybcorn was the name of a certain medicinal seed (perhaps wild saffron). Weekley notes possible connection to Gothic weihs "holy" and German weihan "consecrate," and writes, "the priests of a suppressed religion naturally become magicians to its successors or opponents." In Anglo-Saxon glossaries, wicca renders Latin augur (c. 1100), and wicce stands for "pythoness, divinatricem." In the "Three Kings of Cologne" (c. 1400) wicca translates Magi: Þe paynyms ... cleped þe iij kyngis Magos, þat is to seye wicchis. The glossary translates Latin necromantia ("demonum invocatio") with galdre, wiccecræft. The Anglo-Saxon poem called "Men's Crafts" (also "The Gifts of Men") has wiccræft, which appears to be the same word, and by its context means "skill with horses." In a c. 1250 translation of "Exodus," witches is used of the Egyptian midwives who save the newborn sons of the Hebrews: "Ðe wicches hidden hem for-ðan, Biforen pharaun nolden he ben." Witch in reference to a man survived in dialect into 20c., but the fem. form was so dominant by 1601 that men-witches or he-witch began to be used. Extended sense of "old, ugly, and crabbed or malignant woman" is from early 15c; that of "young woman or girl of bewitching aspect or manners" is first recorded 1740. Witch doctor is from 1718; applied to African magicians from 1836. leaf (n.) Old English leaf "leaf of a plant, foliage; page of a book, sheet of paper," from Proto-Germanic *lauba- (source also of Old Saxon lof, Old Norse lauf, Old Frisian laf, Dutch loof, Old High German loub, German Laub "foliage, leaves," Gothic laufs "leaf, foliage"), perhaps from PIE *leub(h)- "to peel off, strip or break off" ((source also of Old Irish luib, "herb," lub-gort "garden;" Albanian labë "rind, cork;" Lithuanian luba "plank, board;" Russian lob "forehead, brow," Czech leb "skull;" Lithuanian luobas "bast," Latvian luobas "peel," Russian lub "bast;" Old Norse lyf "medicinal herbs," Old English lybb "poison; magic"). Related to lodge and lobby; for another PIE root see folio. Extended late 14c. to very thin sheets of metal (especially gold). Compare Lithuanian lapas "leaf," from a root also in Greek lepos "bark," lepein "to peel off." Also applied to flat and relatively broad surfaces, especially of flexible or mounted attachments; meaning "hinged flap on the side of a table" is from 1550s. To turn over a (new) leaf (1590s; 1570s as turn the leaf) "begin a new and better course of life" is a reference to the book sense. Among insects, leaf-hopper is from 1847; leaf-cutter from 1816. leaf (v.) "to turn over (the pages of a book)," 1660s, from leaf (n.). Meaning "put forth leaves or foliage" is from 1610s. Related: Leafed; leaved; leafing. folio (n.) mid-15c., from Late Latin folio "leaf or sheet of paper," from Latin folio, ablative of folium "leaf" (source also of Italian foglia, French feuille, Spanish hoja), from PIE *bhol-yo- "leaf" (source also of Greek phyllon "leaf," Gaelic bile "leaflet, blossom"), suffixed form of root *bhel- (3) "to thrive, bloom." Ablative of location, because this was used in page references. Meaning "volume of the largest size" first attested 1620s. lodge (n.) Middle English logge, mid-13c. in surnames and place names; late 13c. as "small building or hut," from Old French loge "arbor, covered walk; hut, cabin, grandstand at a tournament" (12c.), from Frankish *laubja "shelter" (cognate with Old High German louba "porch, gallery," German Laube "bower, arbor"), from Proto-Germanic *laubja- "shelter." On a widespread guess (backed by Watkins, OED) this likely originally meant "shelter of foliage," or "roof made from bark," and is from the same PIE root as leaf (n.). Modern spelling is from c. 1500. The specific sense "hunter's cabin" is first recorded late 14c. Sense of "local branch of a society" is first recorded 1680s, of Freemasons, from an earlier use of lodge as "workshop of a group of masons" (mid-14c.). In the New World the word was used of certain American Indian buildings (1805), hence lodge-pole (1805) and lodge-pole pine (1859). lodge (v.) c. 1200, loggen, "to encamp (an army), set up camp;" c. 1300 "furnish with a temporary habitation, put in a certain place," from Old French logier "to lodge; find lodging for" (12c., Modern French loger), from loge "hut, cabin" (see lodge (n.)). From late 14c. as "to dwell, live; to have temporary accommodations; to provide (someone) with sleeping quarters; to get lodgings." Sense of "plant, implant, get (a spear, bullet, fist, etc.) in the intended place, to make something stick" is from 1610s. Meaning "deposit" (a complaint, etc.) with an official" is from 1708. Related: Lodged; lodging. lobby (n.) 1550s, "cloister, covered walk," from Medieval Latin laubia, lobia "covered walk in a monastery," from a Germanic source (compare Old High German louba "hall, roof;" see lodge (n.)). Meaning "large entrance hall in a public building" is from 1590s; in reference to the House of Commons from 1630s. Political sense of "those who seek to influence legislation" is attested by 1790s in American English, in reference to the custom of influence-seekers gathering in the large entrance-halls outside legislative chambers. lobby (v.) "seek to influence legislation" (originally by frequenting the lobby of a legislature, to solicit members), 1826, American English, from lobby (n.) in the political sense. Related: Lobbied; lobbying.

Answer 723

TO SEE (and then) TO KNOW (tense supplies the meaning) ("seeing that becomes knowing") You will see (you will learn) You are seeing (you are learning) You saw (now you know, I see what you mean) Serves as the root for the word (IDOL) ``` Derived terms: εἶδος (“the form, that which is seen”) ἰδέα (“the symbol vs the referent”) ἱστορία (“inquiry, the record”) ἵστωρ (“judge, to observe and discern the record”) ``` ————————————————————— οἴδατε you know V-RIA-2P οἴδαμεν we know V-RIA-1P Οἶδα I know V-RIA-1S ————————————————————— ``` Strong's Concordance eidó: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Original Word: οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. ``` 1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying." 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension). ———————————————————————- ``` ᾔδει ᾔδειν ᾔδεις ᾔδεισαν ᾔδειτε εἰδῇς εἰδήσουσίν εἰδῆτε εἰδέναι εἰδῶ εἰδῶμεν Εἰδὼς εἰδόσιν εἰδότα εἰδότας εἰδότες εἰδότι εἰδυῖα ἴσασι ἴστε οἶδα οἴδαμεν Οἶδας οἴδασιν οἴδατε οἶδεν ``` ————————————————————— ``` εἰδωλεῖον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidóleion Phonetic Spelling: (i-do-li'-on) Definition: an idol's temple Usage: a temple for (containing) an image (an idol). ``` —————————————————————- ``` Verb εἶδον • (eîdon) to see, behold, perceive (strengthened) to look at, observe to see a person, to meet, speak with them to see, experience, become acquainted with to look at or towards to see mentally, to perceive to examine, investigate ``` ——————————————————————- ``` Verb εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like ``` ———————————————————————- ``` Noun εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ``` ———————————————————————- Suffix -ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id from εἶδος (“form, appearance”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix). Latin: -ides resembling A borrowing of Ancient Greek -ίδης (-ídēs, “-son, son of”). Suffix -ῐ́δης • (-ídēs) m (genitive -ῐ́δου); first declension Suffix added to a father's name to form a masculine patronymic: son of Synonyms - δης (-dēs) - άδης (-ádēs) - ιάδης (-iádēs) - ίων (-íōn) - ωνδας (-ōndas) - ούδης (-oúdēs) - ούδας (-oúdas) Suffix Latin: -idēs -idēs m (genitive -idis); third declension (poetic) Suffix added to a father's name to form a masculine patronymic: son of ———————————————————————- ``` ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension form, shape look, appearance, semblance type, sort, class style notion, idea ``` Etymology From Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”). ``` Noun ιδέα • (idéa) f (plural ιδέες) idea (model in the mind or intellect) idea (invention) opinion (judgement) impression (impression of character) ``` Noun idea f idea (image of an object that is formed in the mind or recalled by the memory) Synonym: (philosophy) idea (abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect) keynote, mission statement idea (that which exists in the mind as the result of mental activity) to invent, to conceive ———————————————————————- Noun ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry written account of such inquiries, narrative, history From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “I inquire”) from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”). ———————————————————————- ``` Noun ῐ̔́στωρ • (hístōr) m (genitive ῐ̔́στορος); third declension one who knows law and right, judge witness a wise man ``` from Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr (“knower, wise person”) from *weyd- (“to see”). ———————————————————————-

Answer 724

WE KNOW οἴδαμεν we know V-RIA-1P

Answer 725

HAVING SEEN ἑωρακότες having seen V-RPA-NMP ``` ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception). ``` [The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, "see." The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, "see."]

Answer 726

PERCEPTION αντίληψη perception, conception, understanding, notion, comprehension, realization Noun αντίληψη • (antílipsi) f (plural αντιλήψεις) perception, understanding, realization αντιληπτικός (antiliptikós, “sensory”, adjective) αντιληπτικότητα f (antiliptikótita, “perceptiveness”) αντιληπτός (antiliptós, “perceived, understood, felt”, adjective) ληψη download what they receive , capture , acceptance taking the dose the energy of reception, parsing , acceptance ( sequentially ) capture video , audio, or other signal the reception of the television signal is good

Answer 727

ORGANIZE οργανώνω organize ( passive voice : get organized ) I do something having previously thought very carefully and having made sure it is done correctly John organized a party at his house for his birthday. οργανώνω < όργανο + -ώνω organize < body + -ono organ < ancient greek νονργανον From Indo-European root * werǵ - ( I work , I create ) όργανο (organ) instrument what serves to perform a task ( biology ) a set of tissues that form an organic unit and perform a specific function in a living organism the eye is the organ of sight ' fortunately the bullet did not hit any vital organs of the victim ( music ) object that with proper handling can produce musical sounds knows how to play the piano, but also the guitar and other stringed instruments the church organ a form issued by a party expressing its political views "Rizospastis" is an organ of the Central Committee of the KKE man acting on orders without his own initiative the police , a police officer ``` διοργανωμένος διοργανώνω διοργάνωση διοργανωτής - διοργανώτρια οργανάκι οργανέτο οργανίδιο οργανικά οργανικισμός οργανικός οργανισμός οργανίστας οργανιστής οργανωμένος οργανώνω οργάνωση οργανώσιμος οργανωτής - οργανώτρια οργανωτικός Σύνθετα[επεξεργασία] οργανογένεια, οργανογένεση, οργανογενετικός, οργανογενής, οργανογόνος οργανόγραμμα οργανογραφία, οργανογραφικός οργανοειδής οργανοθεραπεία οργανοληπτικός οργανολογία, οργανολογικός οργανομεταλλικός οργανοπαίχτης οργανοποιείο, οργανοποιία, οργανοποιός οργανοταξία ``` ``` Συγγενικές λέξεις[επεξεργασία] διοργανωμένος διοργανώνω διοργάνωση διοργανωτής - διοργανώτρια οργανάκι οργανέτο οργανίδιο οργανικά οργανικισμός οργανικός οργανισμός οργανίστας οργανιστής οργανωμένος οργανώνω οργάνωση οργανώσιμος οργανωτής - οργανώτρια οργανωτικός Σύνθετα[επεξεργασία] οργανογένεια, οργανογένεση, οργανογενετικός, οργανογενής, οργανογόνος οργανόγραμμα οργανογραφία, οργανογραφικός οργανοειδής οργανοθεραπεία οργανοληπτικός οργανολογία, οργανολογικός οργανομεταλλικός οργανοπαίχτης οργανοποιείο, οργανοποιία, οργανοποιός οργανοταξία ``` —————————————————————- INSTRUMENT instrument (n.) late 13c., "musical instrument, mechanical apparatus for producing musical sounds," from Old French instrument, enstrument "means, device; musical instrument" (14c., earlier estrument, 13c.) and directly from Latin instrumentum "a tool, an implement; means, furtherance; apparatus, furniture; ornament, dress, embellishment; a commission, authorization; a document," from instruere "arrange, prepare, set in order; inform, teach," literally "to build, erect," from in- "on" (from PIE root *en "in") + struere "to pile, build" from PIE *streu-, extended form of root *stere- "to spread" The word in other Germanic languages also is from French. In English the meaning "a means, an agency" is from mid-14c. The sense of "hand-tool, implement, utensil, something used to produce a mechanical effect" is from early 14c. "Now usually distinguished from a tool, as being used for more delicate work or for artistic or scientific purposes" [OED]. The legal meaning "written document by which formal expression is given to a legal act" is from early 15c. Formerly also used of body parts or organs with special functions. * stere- * sterə-, also *ster- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to spread." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit strnoti "strews, throws down;" Avestan star- "to spread out, stretch out;" Greek: stronymi "strew," Greek: stroma "bedding, mattress," sternon "breast, breastbone;" Latin sternere "to stretch, extend;" Old Church Slavonic stira, streti "spread," strana "area, region, country;" Russian stroji "order;" Gothic straujan, Old High German strouwen, Old English streowian "to sprinkle, strew;" Old English streon "strain," streaw "straw, that which is scattered;" Old High German stirna "forehead," strala "arrow, lightning bolt;" Old Irish fo-sernaim "spread out," srath "a wide river valley;" Welsh srat "plain." STRU- It forms all or part of: consternate; consternation; construct; construction; destroy; destruction; industry; instruct; instruction; instrument; obstruct; obstruction; perestroika; prostrate; sternum; sternocleidomastoid; strain (n.2) "race, stock, line;" stratagem; strategy; strath; strato-; stratocracy; stratography; stratosphere; stratum; stratus; straw; stray; street; strew; stroma; structure; substrate; substratum; substructure. All towns and villages across Scotland whose name begins with "strath" whose source is the Sanskrit "strnoti" meaning "that which is spread about”. "Strathdon" is one of many Scottish placenames expressing this Sanskrit “strnoti" we see it in Strathclyde - Strathaven - Strathspey - Strathcarron - Strath - Strathblane - Strathconon - Strathenry - Strathkinness - Strathlachlan - Strathmartine - Strathmiglo - Strathnaver - Strathore - Strathtay - Strathy - Strathyre - It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit strnoti "strews, throws down;" Avestan star- "to spread out, stretch out;" Greek stronymi "strew," stroma "bedding, mattress," sternon "breast, breastbone;" Latin sternere "to stretch, extend;" Old Church Slavonic stira, streti "spread," strana "area, region, country;" Russian stroji "order;" Gothic straujan, Old High German strouwen, Old English streowian "to sprinkle, strew;" Old English streon "strain," streaw "straw, that which is scattered;" Old High German stirna "forehead," strala "arrow, lightning bolt;" Old Irish fo-sernaim "spread out," srath "a wide river valley;" Welsh srat "plain.” Online etymology dictionary. Greek stronymi “strew,” stroma “bedding, mattress,” sternon “breast, breastbone;” STREW Verb στρώνω • ( stróno ) ( past έστρωσα ) ( of beds or tables ) make ( put sheet on ) ( of other areas ) cover ( with a sheet ) ( of clothes ) smooth out , removes creases from ( of roads, pavements ) pave ( of carpets, flooring ) lay I LAID DOWN... Verb έστρωσα • ( éstrosa ) Person 1st singular simple past form of strew ( strono ) .: "I paved, made, covered" Latin: sternō Verb sternō (present infinitive sternere, perfect active strāvī, supine strātum); third conjugation (transitive) I spread, stretch out, spread out. (transitive, rare) I calm, still, moderate. (transitive) I cover, spread with, scatter with, bestrew with, besprinkle. (transitive, of a road, path) I pave, cover. (transitive) I stretch on the ground, cast down, strike down, prostrate. (transitive, by extension) I knock to the ground, demolish, raze, level, flatten.

Answer 728

INSTRUMENT instrument (n.) late 13c., "musical instrument, mechanical apparatus for producing musical sounds," from Old French instrument, enstrument "means, device; musical instrument" (14c., earlier estrument, 13c.) and directly from Latin instrumentum "a tool, an implement; means, furtherance; apparatus, furniture; ornament, dress, embellishment; a commission, authorization; a document," from instruere "arrange, prepare, set in order; inform, teach," literally "to build, erect," from in- "on" (from PIE root *en "in") + struere "to pile, build" from PIE *streu-, extended form of root *stere- "to spread" The word in other Germanic languages also is from French. In English the meaning "a means, an agency" is from mid-14c. The sense of "hand-tool, implement, utensil, something used to produce a mechanical effect" is from early 14c. "Now usually distinguished from a tool, as being used for more delicate work or for artistic or scientific purposes" [OED]. The legal meaning "written document by which formal expression is given to a legal act" is from early 15c. Formerly also used of body parts or organs with special functions. * stere- * sterə-, also *ster- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to spread." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit strnoti "strews, throws down;" Avestan star- "to spread out, stretch out;" Greek: stronymi "strew," Greek: stroma "bedding, mattress," sternon "breast, breastbone;" Latin sternere "to stretch, extend;" Old Church Slavonic stira, streti "spread," strana "area, region, country;" Russian stroji "order;" Gothic straujan, Old High German strouwen, Old English streowian "to sprinkle, strew;" Old English streon "strain," streaw "straw, that which is scattered;" Old High German stirna "forehead," strala "arrow, lightning bolt;" Old Irish fo-sernaim "spread out," srath "a wide river valley;" Welsh srat "plain." STRU- It forms all or part of: consternate; consternation; construct; construction; destroy; destruction; industry; instruct; instruction; instrument; obstruct; obstruction; perestroika; prostrate; sternum; sternocleidomastoid; strain (n.2) "race, stock, line;" stratagem; strategy; strath; strato-; stratocracy; stratography; stratosphere; stratum; stratus; straw; stray; street; strew; stroma; structure; substrate; substratum; substructure. All towns and villages across Scotland whose name begins with "strath" whose source is the Sanskrit "strnoti" meaning "that which is spread about”. "Strathdon" is one of many Scottish placenames expressing this Sanskrit “strnoti" we see it in Strathclyde - Strathaven - Strathspey - Strathcarron - Strath - Strathblane - Strathconon - Strathenry - Strathkinness - Strathlachlan - Strathmartine - Strathmiglo - Strathnaver - Strathore - Strathtay - Strathy - Strathyre - It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit strnoti "strews, throws down;" Avestan star- "to spread out, stretch out;" Greek stronymi "strew," stroma "bedding, mattress," sternon "breast, breastbone;" Latin sternere "to stretch, extend;" Old Church Slavonic stira, streti "spread," strana "area, region, country;" Russian stroji "order;" Gothic straujan, Old High German strouwen, Old English streowian "to sprinkle, strew;" Old English streon "strain," streaw "straw, that which is scattered;" Old High German stirna "forehead," strala "arrow, lightning bolt;" Old Irish fo-sernaim "spread out," srath "a wide river valley;" Welsh srat "plain.” Greek stronymi “strew,” stroma “bedding, mattress,” sternon “breast, breastbone;” STREW Verb στρώνω • ( stróno ) ( past έστρωσα ) ( of beds or tables ) make ( put sheet on ) ( of other areas ) cover ( with a sheet ) ( of clothes ) smooth out , removes creases from ( of roads, pavements ) pave ( of carpets, flooring ) lay I LAID DOWN... Verb έστρωσα • ( éstrosa ) Person 1st singular simple past form of strew ( strono ) .: "I paved, made, covered" Latin: sternō Verb sternō (present infinitive sternere, perfect active strāvī, supine strātum); third conjugation (transitive) I spread, stretch out, spread out. (transitive, rare) I calm, still, moderate. (transitive) I cover, spread with, scatter with, bestrew with, besprinkle. (transitive, of a road, path) I pave, cover. (transitive) I stretch on the ground, cast down, strike down, prostrate. (transitive, by extension) I knock to the ground, demolish, raze, level, flatten. strew (v.) Old English strewian, streowian "to scatter," from Proto-Germanic *strawjan- (source also of Old Frisian strewa, Old Saxon strowian, Old Norse stra, Danish strø, Swedish strö, Middle Dutch strowen, Dutch strooien, Old High German strouwen, German streuen, Gothic straujan "to sprinkle, strew"), from suffixed form of PIE root *stere- "to spread." Related: Strewed; strewn; strewing. * stere- * sterə-, also *ster-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to spread." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit strnoti "strews, throws down;" Avestan star- "to spread out, stretch out;" Greek stronymi "strew," stroma "bedding, mattress," sternon "breast, breastbone;" Latin sternere "to stretch, extend;" Old Church Slavonic stira, streti "spread," strana "area, region, country;" Russian stroji "order;" Gothic straujan, Old High German strouwen, Old English streowian "to sprinkle, strew;" Old English streon "strain," streaw "straw, that which is scattered;" Old High German stirna "forehead," strala "arrow, lightning bolt;" Old Irish fo-sernaim "spread out," srath "a wide river valley;" Welsh srat "plain." It forms all or part of: consternate; consternation; construct; construction; destroy; destruction; industry; instruct; instruction; instrument; obstruct; obstruction; perestroika; prostrate; sternum; sternocleidomastoid; strain (n.2) "race, stock, line;" stratagem; strategy; strath; strato-; stratocracy; stratography; stratosphere; stratum; stratus; straw; stray; street; strew; stroma; structure; substrate; substratum; substructure. straw (n.) Old English streaw (rare) "stems or stalks of certain species of grains," apparently literally "that which is scattered or strewn," related to streowian (see strew) from Proto-Germanic *straw- "that which is scattered" (source also of Old Norse stra, Danish straa, Swedish strå, Old Saxon stro, Old Frisian stre, Old Dutch, Old High German stro, Dutch stroo, German Stroh "straw"), from PIE root *stere- "to spread." The notion perhaps is of dried grain stalks strewn on a floor as carpeting or bedding. ————————————————————— TOOL tool (n.) Old English tol "instrument, implement used by a craftsman or laborer, weapon," from Proto-Germanic *tōwalan "implement" source also of Old Norse tol from a verb stem represented by Old English tawian "prepare" (see taw). The ending is the instrumental suffix -el (1). Figurative sense of "person used by another for his own ends" is recorded from 1660s. Slang meaning "penis" first recorded 1550s. taw (v.) "to prepare" (leather), from Old English tawian "prepare, make ready, make; cultivate," also "harass, insult, outrage" to do, make," from Proto-Germanic *tawōjanan (source also of Old Frisian tawa, Old Saxon toian, Middle Dutch tauwen, Dutch touwen, Old High German zouwen "to prepare," Old High German zawen "to succeed," Gothic taujan "to make, prepare"), from Proto-Germanic root *taw- "to make, manufacture" (compare tool (n.)). -el (1) instrumental word-forming element, expressing "appliance, tool," from Old English -ol, -ul, -el, representing PIE *-lo- (see -ule). In modern English usually -le except after -n-. -ule word-forming element meaning "small, little" (in capsule, module, etc.), from French -ule, from Latin diminutive suffix -ulus (fem. -ula, neuter -ulum), from PIE *-(o)lo-, from *-lo-, secondary suffix forming diminutives, which also is the source of the first element in native diminutive suffix -ling. -ling diminutive word-forming element, early 14c., from Old English -ling a nominal suffix (not originally diminutive), from Proto-Germanic *-linga-; attested in historical Germanic languages as a simple suffix, but probably representing a fusion of two suffixes: 1. that represented by English -el (1), as in thimble, handle; and 2. -ing, suffix indicating "person or thing of a specific kind or origin;" in masculine nouns also "son of" (as in farthing, atheling, Old English horing "adulterer, fornicator"), from PIE *-(i)ko- (see -ic). Both these suffixes had occasional diminutive force, but this was only slightly evident in Old English -ling and its equivalents in Germanic languages except Norse, where it commonly was used as a diminutive suffix, especially in words designating the young of animals (such as gæslingr "gosling"). Thus it is possible that the diminutive use that developed in Middle English is from Old Norse.

Answer 729

TOOL From Ancient Greek ἐργαλεῖον ( ergaleîon ) . From ἔργον (“work " ) + -εῖον (instrument noun) Suffix -εῖον • ( -eîon ) n ( genitive -είου ); second declension Forms nouns for instruments or means of action from noun-stems. Forms nouns of place. Noun ἐργᾰλεῖον • ( ergaleîon ) n ( genitive ἐργᾰλείου ); second declension tool , instrument gear • ( ergaleío ) n ( plural tools ) tool ( small, usually hand-held, piece of equipment used to carry out a task ) carpentry tool ( carpenter's tool ) metal tool ( metal tool ) ( figuratively ) tool ( anything used to accomplish a task ) This dictionary is a valuable tool for homework. The dictionary is an invaluable tool for schoolwork. —————————————————————- tool (n.) Old English tol "instrument, implement used by a craftsman or laborer, weapon," from Proto-Germanic *tōwalan "implement" source also of Old Norse tol from a verb stem represented by Old English tawian "prepare" (see taw). The ending is the instrumental suffix -el (1). Figurative sense of "person used by another for his own ends" is recorded from 1660s. Slang meaning "penis" first recorded 1550s. taw (v.) "to prepare" (leather), from Old English tawian "prepare, make ready, make; cultivate," also "harass, insult, outrage" to do, make," from Proto-Germanic *tawōjanan (source also of Old Frisian tawa, Old Saxon toian, Middle Dutch tauwen, Dutch touwen, Old High German zouwen "to prepare," Old High German zawen "to succeed," Gothic taujan "to make, prepare"), from Proto-Germanic root *taw- "to make, manufacture" (compare tool (n.)). -el (1) instrumental word-forming element, expressing "appliance, tool," from Old English -ol, -ul, -el, representing PIE *-lo- (see -ule). In modern English usually -le except after -n-. -ule word-forming element meaning "small, little" (in capsule, module, etc.), from French -ule, from Latin diminutive suffix -ulus (fem. -ula, neuter -ulum), from PIE *-(o)lo-, from *-lo-, secondary suffix forming diminutives, which also is the source of the first element in native diminutive suffix -ling. -ling diminutive word-forming element, early 14c., from Old English -ling a nominal suffix (not originally diminutive), from Proto-Germanic *-linga-; attested in historical Germanic languages as a simple suffix, but probably representing a fusion of two suffixes: 1. that represented by English -el (1), as in thimble, handle; and 2. -ing, suffix indicating "person or thing of a specific kind or origin;" in masculine nouns also "son of" (as in farthing, atheling, Old English horing "adulterer, fornicator"), from PIE *-(i)ko- (see -ic). Both these suffixes had occasional diminutive force, but this was only slightly evident in Old English -ling and its equivalents in Germanic languages except Norse, where it commonly was used as a diminutive suffix, especially in words designating the young of animals (such as gæslingr "gosling"). Thus it is possible that the diminutive use that developed in Middle English is from Old Norse. —————————————————— ἔργον ``` Noun ἔργον • ( érgon ) n ( genitive ἔργου ); second declension A work , labor , task . A work or deed of war ; a battle . A peaceful contest . A work of industry . ( agriculture ) Tillage ; a tilled land . ( weaving ) Women 's work ; weaving . A deed , doing , action . A thing or matter . ( passive ) That which is wrought or made ; a work . A result of work , profit or interest . A guild or company of workmen . Synonym: ἐργᾰσῐ́ᾱ ( ergasíā ) ``` from Proto-Indo-European * wérǵom . Include Cognates Old English weorc ( English work ) ``` Proto-Indo-European: * wérǵom Etymology From * werǵ- + * -om Noun * wérǵom n work ``` Proto-Indo-European: * werǵ- Root * werǵ- to make From Middle English maken from Old English macian ( “ to make, build, work ” ) from Proto-West Germanic * makōn ( “ to make, build, work ” ) from Proto-Indo-European * mag- ( “ to knead, mix, make ” ) Cognate with Latin mācerō , macer Verb mācerō ( present infinitive mācerāre , perfect active mācerāvī , supine mācerātum ); first conjugation I soften , make tender by soaking or steeping I weaken , waste away ( Figuratively ) I Vex , Torment , Distress ( Medieval Latin ) I mortify ( discipline, chastise, or subject to severe deprivation for the atonement of sins ) ( Medieval Latin ) I torture ``` Ancient Greek μάσσω ( mássō ) Verb μάσσω • ( mássō ) ( transitive ) to handle , work with my hands, knead ( transitive ) to wipe ``` Noun μᾶζᾰ • ( mâza ) f ( genitive μᾱ́ζης ); first declension barley- bread or cake. κυνόμαζον Noun κῠνόμαζον • ( kunómazon ) n ( genitive κῠνομάζου ); second declension Cardopatium corymbosum (“mistletoe”) Synonyms: ἰξῐ́ᾱς ( ixíās ) (“mistletoe”) dog ( kuon , " dog " , oblique Stem: kyn- , kun- ) + MASS ( Maza , " Barley-cake", "BREAD " ) From mistletoe ( ixos , " mistletoe " ) + -ias ( -ias ) Noun ἰξῐ́ᾱς • ( ixíās ) m ( genitive ἰξῐ́ου ); first declension chamaleon thistle ( Cardopatium corymbosum ) Synonyms: κῠνόμᾱζον ( kunómāzon ) , χᾰμαιλέων μέλᾱς ( khamailéōn mélās ) ``` Latin: massa Noun massa f ( genitive massae ); first declension mass , bulk (of material) load , burden dough lump ``` From Ancient Greek μᾶζα ( mâza , “ bread ” ) From Old Portuguese massa , from Latin massa ( “ mass; dough ” ) , from Ancient Greek μᾶζα ( mâza , “ bread ” ) , from μάσσω ( mássō , “ I handle; I knead ” ) , probably from Proto-Indo-European * meh₂ǵ- massa f ( plural massas ) ( cooking ) dough ( mix of flour and other ingredients ) ( cooking ) pasta a concentration of substance or tightly packed objects ( construction ) mortar ( mixture for bonding bricks ) multitude ( a great mass of people ) ( uncountable , physics ) mass ( quantity of matter which a body contains, irrespective of its bulk or volume ) ( Brazil , slang , uncountable ) money Synonyms ( dough ) : pasta ( concentration ) : agglomeration , concentration ( mortar ) : argamassa , cafelo , rebouco ( multitude ) : multidão , povo ( mass ) : peso ( colloquial ) ( money ) : dinheiro , grana , verba

Answer 730

RHYTHM - FLOW - FLUID rhythm (n.) 1550s, "rhymed verse, metrical movement," from Latin rhythmus "movement in time," from Greek rhythmos "measured flow or movement, rhythm; proportion, symmetry; arrangement, order; form, shape, wise, manner; soul, disposition," related to rhein "to flow,"from PIE root *sreu- "to flow." *sreu- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to flow." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sravati "flows," srotah "stream;" Avestan thraotah- "stream, river," Old Persian rauta "river;" Greek rhein "to flow," rheos "a flowing, stream," rhythmos "rhythm," rhytos "fluid, liquid;" Old Irish sruaim, Irish sruth "stream, river;" Welsh ffrwd "stream;" Old Norse straumr, Old English stream; Lettish strauma "stream, river;" Lithuanian sravėti "to trickle, ooze;" Old Church Slavonic struja "river," o-strovu "island," literally "that which is surrounded by a river;" Polish strumień "brook." It forms all or part of: amenorrhea; catarrh; diarrhea; gonorrhea; hemorrhoids; maelstrom; rheo-; rheology; rheostat; rheum; rheumatic; rheumatism; rheumatoid; rhinorrhea; rhythm; seborrhea; stream. Noun ροή • (roḯ) f (plural ροές) flow διάγραμμα ροής ― diágramma roḯs ― flow chart (physics) flow, flux μαγνητική ροή ― magnitikí roḯ ― magnetic flux (figuratively) flux, change Derived terms διάγραμμα ροής n (diágramma roḯs, “flow chart, flow diagram”) μαγνητική ροή f (magnitikí roḯ, “magnetic flux”) φωτεινή ροή f (foteiní roḯ, “luminous flux”) From Ancient Greek ῥοή (rhoḗ) ``` Noun ῥοή • (rhoḗ) f (genitive ἐκροῆς); first declension a river, a stream Synonym: ποταμός (potamós) (philosophy) a flux ``` From Old French flux, from Latin fluxus (“flow”). Latin: flux Noun flux (countable and uncountable, plural fluxes) The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a flowing stream. A state of ongoing change. The schedule is in flux at the moment. Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual flux. A chemical agent for cleaning metal prior to soldering or welding. It is important to use flux when soldering or oxides on the metal will prevent a good bond. (physics) The rate of transfer of energy (or another physical quantity) through a given surface, specifically electric flux, magnetic flux. That high a neutron flux would be lethal in seconds. (archaic) A disease which causes diarrhea, especially dysentery. (archaic) Diarrhea or other fluid discharge from the body. The state of being liquid through heat; fusion. ``` Adjective fluxus (feminine fluxa, neuter fluxum, comparative fluxior); first/second-declension adjective flowing, fluid loose transient, transitory, fleeting ``` From fluō (“flow”) +‎ -tus (action noun-forming suffix). Compare fluctus. Verb fluō (present infinitive fluere, perfect active flūxī, supine flūxum); third conjugation, no passive I flow, stream, pour I am soaked in from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow”), possibly from *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φλέω (phléō, “to abound”), φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”). Some do not exclude the supposition of it being from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”) Verb φλέω • (phléō) I overflow, teem, abound, gush I overflow with talk, chat idly Verb ρέω • (réo) (past έρρευσα, passive —) flow, run (of liquids) ``` απορρέω (aporréo, “have source at”) διαρρέω (diarréo, “flow through; leak”) εισρέω (eisréo, “stream in”) εκρέω (ekréo, “flow out”) καταρρέω (katarréo, “collapse”) συρρέω (syrréo, “stream in, flock, throng”) ``` ἀδῐᾰ́ρρευστος (adiárrheustos, “non-deliquescent”) (medicine) ἀδῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ f (adiárrhoia, “constipation”) δῐᾰρροή f (diarrhoḗ, “channel, pipe; flowing through”) δῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ f (diárrhoia, “flowing through, diarrhoea”) δῐᾰρροϊκός (diarrhoïkós, “suffering from diarrhoea”) δῐᾰ́ρρους m (diárrhous, “passage, channel”) δῐᾰ́ρρῠσις f (diárrhusis, “διάρρους passage, channel”) δῐᾰ́ρρῠτος (diárrhutos, “intersected by streams”) ἐπῐδῐᾰρρέω (epidiarrhéō, “flow through or melt away besides”) λογοδῐᾰ́ρροιᾰ f (logodiárrhoia, “flux of words”) σῠνδῐᾰρρέω (sundiarrhéō, “flow through along with”) and see ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”) ————————————————————— As rate (ancient ELL. Rhythms - (any regular repetitive motion, symmetry) (may generally be defined) any movement characterized by a regulated succession of strong and weak components (and / or vice versa)." This The general notion of rhythm as a repetitive motion can be observed in a wide variety of natural phenomena, which are distinguished by a periodicity that can range from a few microseconds to millions of years. In arts such as music , poetry , dance , but also visually in cinema, rhythm expresses the organized sequence of events used in each art: of sounds and silences in music, the steps and movements of dancers in dance, the organization of words and sentences in poetry. Rhythm as a concept, can also refer to the way in which various visual events are organized, as "timed movement in space". [3] At the same time, the existence of common terminology and vocabulary, make it possible to bridge the concept of rhythm with geometry . In recent years, rhythm and measure have been an important area of research by music scholars. Recent studies on the rate conducted by Mori Gieston (Maury Yeston) [4] , Fred Lerntal and Ray Tzakentof (Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff), Jonathan Kramer (Jonathan Kramer), Christopher Lose (Christopher Hasty) [5] , William Rothstein and Joel Lester.

Answer 731

GOVERN - CYBER - CYBERNETIC κυβερνητικό μέσο (governing Instrument) ``` Rule Canon Normal Standard Constraint ``` ``` κυβερνώ • (kyvernó) / κυβερνάω (past tense) κυβέρνησα (passive) κυβερνώμαι/κυβερνιέμαι (p‑past tense) κυβερνήθηκα (ppp) κυβερνημένος rule, govern captain navigate ``` κυβερνάω ( kyvernáo ) ( less formal ) Noun κυβέρνηση • (kyvérnisi) f (plural κυβερνήσεις) government, cabinet ακυβερνησία f (akyvernisía, “anarchy”) ακυβέρνητος (akyvérnitos, “ungoverned”, adjective) αντικυβερνητικός (antikyvernitikós, “antigovernment”, adjective) διακυβέρνηση (diakyvérnisi, “rule, the exercise of power, navigation”) διακυβερνώ (diakyvernó, “to rule, to exercise power”) ενδοκυβερνητικός (endokyvernitikós, “intergovernmental”, adjective) κυβερνείο n (kyverneío, “government house”) κυβέρνηση συνασπισμού f (kyvérnisi synaspismoú, “coalition government”) κυβερνήτης m or f (kyvernítis, “ruler, governor, leader”) κυβερνητική f (kyvernitikí, “management, cybernetics”) κυβερνητικός (kyvernitikós, “cabinet, government”, adjective) κυβερνοναύτης m (kyvernonáftis, “cybernaut”) κυβερνοπάνκ n (kyvernopánk, “cyperpunk”) κυβερνώ (kyvernó, “to govern”) Verb κῠβερνᾰ́ω • (kubernáō) to steer, drive, am a steersman, pilot to guide, govern, direct Compare Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”) and English whirl. Neumann sees it as a denominal verb from κύρβεις (kúrbeis, “turnable wooden cylinders”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerb- (“to turn”) compare Sanskrit नयति (náyati, “to lead, guide, govern”) Noun κῠβέρνησῐς • (kubérnēsis) f (genitive κῠβερνήσεως); third declension steering, pilotage government Noun κῠβερνήτης • (kubernḗtēs) m (genitive κῠβερνήτου); first declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) captain, steersman, pilot, navigator (figuratively) guide, leader ``` Noun κυβερνήτης • (kyvernítis) m (plural κυβερνήτες) governor (leader of a region or state) (nautical) captain, skipper pilot (of an aircraft) ``` Noun κυβέρνηση • (kyvérnisi) f (plural κυβερνήσεις) government, cabinet Adjective κῠβερνητῐκός • (kubernētikós) m (feminine κῠβερνητῐκή, neuter κῠβερνητῐκόν); first/second declension good at steering Adjective κυβερνητικός • (kyvernitikós) m (feminine κυβερνητική, neuter κυβερνητικό) governmental Proper noun Κῠβερνῐ́σκος • (Kubernískos) m (genitive Κῠβερνῐ́σκου); second declension A male given name: Cyberniscus, a Lycian general and son of Sicas. Latin: Cyberniscus ———————————————————— INSTRUMENT: μέσο Noun μέσο • (méso) n (plural μέσα) middle Προχωρήστε προς το μέσο του λεωφορείου! Prochoríste pros to méso tou leoforeíou! Move to the middle part of the bus! means, medium, tool, agent μέσο παραγωγής ― méso paragogís ― means of production μέσο ενημέρωσης ― méso enimérosis ― medium (of information) αναγωγικό μέσο ― anagogikó méso ― reducing agent (chemistry) (figuratively) connection (connections with someone in authority or power who will enable things to happen) Κατάφερε να μπει στην υπηρεσία βάζοντας μέσο. Katáfere na bei stin ypiresía vázontas méso. He succeeded in entering the service by using connections (pulling strings). Synonyms: βύσμα n (výsma, “plug”), δόντι n (dónti, “tooth”) (in the plural) means, resources —————————————————— INSTRUMENT (strew) Verb στρώνω • ( stróno ) ( past έστρωσα ) ( of beds or tables ) make ( put sheet on ) ( of other areas ) cover ( with a sheet ) ( of clothes ) smooth out , removes creases from ( of roads, pavements ) pave ( of carpets, flooring ) lay ``` I LAID DOWN... Verb έστρωσα • ( éstrosa ) Person 1st singular simple past form of strew ( strono ) "I paved, made, covered" ``` Latin: sternō Verb sternō (present infinitive sternere, perfect active strāvī, supine strātum); third conjugation (transitive) I spread, stretch out, spread out. (transitive, rare) I calm, still, moderate. (transitive) I cover, spread with, scatter with, bestrew with, besprinkle. (transitive, of a road, path) I pave, cover. (transitive) I stretch on the ground, cast down, strike down, prostrate. (transitive, by extension) I knock to the ground, demolish, raze, level, flatten. strew (v.) Old English strewian, streowian "to scatter," from Proto-Germanic *strawjan- (source also of Old Frisian strewa, Old Saxon strowian, Old Norse stra, Danish strø, Swedish strö, Middle Dutch strowen, Dutch strooien, Old High German strouwen, German streuen, Gothic straujan "to sprinkle, strew"), from suffixed form of PIE root *stere- "to spread." Related: Strewed; strewn; strewing. * stere- * sterə-, also *ster-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to spread." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit strnoti "strews, throws down;" Avestan star- "to spread out, stretch out;" Greek stronymi "strew," stroma "bedding, mattress," sternon "breast, breastbone;" Latin sternere "to stretch, extend;" Old Church Slavonic stira, streti "spread," strana "area, region, country;" Russian stroji "order;" Gothic straujan, Old High German strouwen, Old English streowian "to sprinkle, strew;" Old English streon "strain," streaw "straw, that which is scattered;" Old High German stirna "forehead," strala "arrow, lightning bolt;" Old Irish fo-sernaim "spread out," srath "a wide river valley;" Welsh srat "plain." It forms all or part of: consternate; consternation; construct; construction; destroy; destruction; industry; instruct; instruction; instrument; obstruct; obstruction; perestroika; prostrate; sternum; sternocleidomastoid; strain (n.2) "race, stock, line;" stratagem; strategy; strath; strato-; stratocracy; stratography; stratosphere; stratum; stratus; straw; stray; street; strew; stroma; structure; substrate; substratum; substructure. straw (n.) Old English streaw (rare) "stems or stalks of certain species of grains," apparently literally "that which is scattered or strewn," related to streowian (see strew) from Proto-Germanic *straw- "that which is scattered" (source also of Old Norse stra, Danish straa, Swedish strå, Old Saxon stro, Old Frisian stre, Old Dutch, Old High German stro, Dutch stroo, German Stroh "straw"), from PIE root *stere- "to spread." The notion perhaps is of dried grain stalks strewn on a floor as carpeting or bedding. ————————————————————— TOOL tool (n.) Old English tol "instrument, implement used by a craftsman or laborer, weapon," from Proto-Germanic *tōwalan "implement" source also of Old Norse tol from a verb stem represented by Old English tawian "prepare" (see taw). The ending is the instrumental suffix -el (1). Figurative sense of "person used by another for his own ends" is recorded from 1660s. Slang meaning "penis" first recorded 1550s. taw (v.) "to prepare" (leather), from Old English tawian "prepare, make ready, make; cultivate," also "harass, insult, outrage" to do, make," from Proto-Germanic *tawōjanan (source also of Old Frisian tawa, Old Saxon toian, Middle Dutch tauwen, Dutch touwen, Old High German zouwen "to prepare," Old High German zawen "to succeed," Gothic taujan "to make, prepare"), from Proto-Germanic root *taw- "to make, manufacture" (compare tool (n.)). -el (1) instrumental word-forming element, expressing "appliance, tool," from Old English -ol, -ul, -el, representing PIE *-lo- (see -ule). In modern English usually -le except after -n-. -ule word-forming element meaning "small, little" (in capsule, module, etc.), from French -ule, from Latin diminutive suffix -ulus (fem. -ula, neuter -ulum), from PIE *-(o)lo-, from *-lo-, secondary suffix forming diminutives, which also is the source of the first element in native diminutive suffix -ling. -ling diminutive word-forming element, early 14c., from Old English -ling a nominal suffix (not originally diminutive), from Proto-Germanic *-linga-; attested in historical Germanic languages as a simple suffix, but probably representing a fusion of two suffixes: 1. that represented by English -el (1), as in thimble, handle; and 2. -ing, suffix indicating "person or thing of a specific kind or origin;" in masculine nouns also "son of" (as in farthing, atheling, Old English horing "adulterer, fornicator"), from PIE *-(i)ko- (see -ic). Both these suffixes had occasional diminutive force, but this was only slightly evident in Old English -ling and its equivalents in Germanic languages except Norse, where it commonly was used as a diminutive suffix, especially in words designating the young of animals (such as gæslingr "gosling"). Thus it is possible that the diminutive use that developed in Middle English is from Old Norse.

Answer 732

CONSTRAINT - LIMITATION - CONDENSATION - RULE ``` Noun περιορισμός restriction • ( periorismós ) m ( plural restrictions ) restriction , limitation , constraint house arrest , confinement ``` περιορισμός restriction the process or the result of limit reduction , reduction anything that reduces , diminishes , limits compulsion to stay in a specific place , without the possibility of leaving ( natural ) the fact that quarks are never observed in isolation, a cage of quarks ( Databases ), ( relational database ), ( SQL ) standards, properties, supported by the DBMS ( DBMS ) and given in column ( column ) a table ( tables ) The database -managing DBMS supports the use of rules and restrictions that ensure data integrity and security. [1] Yponyma: sequential deletion or dependent deletion , deleting restriction , control limitation , renovation limitation , the scope restriction definition See also: data integrity ( databases ) see selection or horizontal selection περιορίζω Reduce Verb περιορίζω • (periorízo) (past περιόρισα, passive περιορίζομαι) (transitive) confine, restrict, curb Το υπουργείο επιθυμεί να περιορίσει την άνοδο του πληθωρισμού. To ypourgeío epithymeí na periorísei tin ánodo tou plithorismoú. The ministry wishes to restrict the rise in inflation. (transitive) limit (transitive) restrain ``` Verb ορίζω • (orízo) active (past όρισα, passive ορίζομαι, p‑past ορίστηκα, ppp ορισμένος) define, designate decide arrive, reach ``` ``` Verb ὁρίζω • (horízō) I divide, separate from I separate I delimit I bound I pass between or through I part, divide I mark out I trace as a boundary I ordain, determine, lay down I define a thing (middle) I mark out for myself I determine for myself I define a thing (intransitive) I border upon (Attic law) I have marked with ὅροι (hóroi) ``` From ὅρος (hóros, “boundary, border”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō). Noun ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension boundary, limit, frontier, landmark marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press rule, standard term, definition goal, end, aim Adjective ὅμορος • (hómoros) m or f (neuter ὅμορον); second declension bordering, neighboring ὁμός (homós, “same”) +‎ ὅρος (hóros, “border”) ———————————————————— reduce (v.) late 14c., "bring back," from Old French reducer (14c.), from Latin reducere "lead back, bring back," figuratively "restore, replace," from re- "back" (see re-) + ducere "bring, lead" (from PIE root *deuk- "to lead"). Meaning "bring to an inferior condition" is 1570s; that of "bring to a lower rank" is 1640s (military reduce to ranks is from 1802); that of "subdue by force of arms" is 1610s. *deuk- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to lead." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin dux (genitive ducis) "leader, commander," in Late Latin "governor of a province," ducere "to lead;" Old English togian "to pull, drag," teonteon "to pull, drag;" German Zaum "bridle," ziehen "to draw, pull, drag;" Middle Welsh dygaf "I draw." It forms all or part of: abduce; abducent; abduct; abduction; adduce; aqueduct; circumduction; conduce; conducive; conduct; conductor; conduit; deduce; deduction; dock (n.1) "ship's berth;" doge; douche; ducal; ducat; Duce; duchess; duchy; duct; ductile; duke (n.); educate; education; induce; induction; introduce; introduction; misconduct; produce; production; reduce; reduction; seduce; seduction; subduce; subduction; taut; team (n.); teem (v.1) "abound, swarm, be prolific;" tie (n.); tow (v.); traduce; transducer; tug; zugzwang. redux (adj.) "restored, brought back," Latin, from reducere (see reduce). In book titles at least since 1662 (Dryden, "Astraea Redux," written on the restoration of Charles II). Verb ducere (transitive, obsolete, rare) to lead, guide, drive (figuratively) to mold, temper Noun ducere f (plural duceri) going leaving, departure Verb dūcō (present infinitive dūcere, perfect active dūxī, supine ductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative I lead, guide, conduct, lead away (by extension) I take I draw, pull I think, consider, regard I marry, I take (as my wife) I prolong, I protract Synonym: prōdūco (military, transitive) I march, command, lead (e.g., an army) (passive with active meaning) I march (said of soldiers, lit. "be led") Diū mīlitēs dūcēbantur. ― All day, the soldiers were marching. I forge (rare) ————————————————————- Related terms αδιοριστία f (adioristía, “nonappointment”) αδιόριστος (adióristos, “not appointed”) ακαθοριστία f (akathoristía) ακαθόριστος (akathóristos, “vague, indeterminate”) αοριστία f (aoristía) αοριστικός (aoristikós) αοριστολογία f (aoristología) αοριστολογώ (aoristologó) αόριστος (aóristos, “vague, (grammar): past tense”) απεριόριστος (aperióristos, “unlinmited”) απροσδιοριστία (aprosdioristía) ορίζοντας m (orízontas, “horizon”) οριζόντιος (orizóntios, “horizontal”) οριζοντιώνω (orizontióno) οριζοντίωση (orizontíosi) ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics) ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle) ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”) οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar) οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”) υποορισμός m (ypoorismós) Compounds of the verb: (and see their derivatives) ``` αυτοεξορίζομαι (aftoexorízomai) αυτοπεριορίζομαι (aftoperiorízomai) αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”) διαφορίζω (diaforízo) (mathematics) διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”) εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”) επαναπροσδιορίζω (epanaprosdiorízo) καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”) καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”) περιορίζω (periorízo) προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”) προορίζω (proorízo) προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”) ```

Answer 733

SYNOPSIS - CONDENSE - SUMMARIZE σῠν- (“with”) +‎ ὄψῐς (“aspect, appearance”). Noun ὄψῐς • (ópsis) f (genitive ὄψεως); third declension view From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis) Noun ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (poetic) voice (poetic) word Noun ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (rare) eye, face Verb ὄψομαι • (ópsomai) first-person singular future indicative middle of ὁράω (horáō) Verb ὁράω • (horáō) (intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone] (intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind (transitive) To see, perceive, observe Etymology From earlier *ϝοράω (*woráō) from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”) Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”) ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”) Latin vereor (“fear”) English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”) Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma) Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) whence εἶδος (eîdos) ἵστωρ (hístōr) ``` Noun εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ``` From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”) from *weyd- (“to see”). ``` Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas). Noun वेदस् • (védas) n knowledge, science property, wealth ``` —————————————————- σύνοψις synopsis ( cleansing ) summary Noun σῠ́νοψῐς • (súnopsis) f (genitive σῠνόψῐος or σῠνόψεως); third declension (both literally and figuratively) a seeing all together, general view, shared view epitome, synopsis, abridgment recapitulation estimate expense

Answer 734

CONDENSE - CONDENSATION Verb πυκνώνω condense ( transitional ) I do something to become dense ( impassable ) I become dense The darkness, which was thickening all around, covered them both more. ( Konstantinos Hatzopoulos , The Tower of Akropotamos ) ``` πυκνόω. πυκν-όω Thicken Compress Concentrate Condense A make close or solid. ```

Answer 735

# TRANSLATE - (metaphase- metaphor) From μετα (change) + φρᾰ́ζω (to make known) Noun φράση • (frási) f (plural φράσεις) phrase, expression ``` Noun φρᾰ́σῐς • (phrásis) f (genitive φρᾰ́σεως); third declension speech way of speaking, expression expression, idiom, phrase ``` Verb φρᾰ́ζομαι • (phrázomai) first-person singular present indicative mediopassive of φρᾰ́ζω (phrázō): "I am pointed out, told" Adjective φρᾰστῐκός • (phrastikós) m (feminine φρᾰστῐκή, neuter φρᾰστῐκόν); first/second declension indicative, expressive eloquent From φράζω (phrázō, “tell”) +‎ -τικός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix). From Latin phrasis (“diction”) from Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis, “manner of expression”) from φράζω (phrázō, “I tell, express”). Latin: dictio Noun diction (countable and uncountable, plural dictions) Choice and use of words, especially with regard to effective communication. The effectiveness and degree of clarity of word choice and expression. Noun dictiō f (genitive dictiōnis); third declension a saying, speaking, speech, talk, oratory ``` Verb dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative I say, utter; mention; talk, speak Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”) Synonyms: āiō, for, loquor I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell I appoint, name, nominate (to an office) I call, name (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I mean, speak in reference to, refer to ``` from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”) Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) Old English tǣċan (English teach). ``` Verb δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove. ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) +‎ -νῡμῐ (-nūmi) Suffix -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs Proto-Indo-European Suffix *(Ø)-néwti Forms transitive imperfective verbs from roots. ``` Old English: tǣċan IPA(key): ˈtæː.t͡ʃɑn Verb tǣċan to show, point out to show (someone) the way; to direct, guide to teach ``` Pronunciation ǣ represents the "a" sound in the English word "cat". ċ is pronounced [ʧ] and ġ is pronounced [ j ] English ch ( ʧ ) The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ʃ⟩, ⟨t͜ʃ⟩ or ⟨tʃ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʧ⟩). The alternative commonly used in American tradition is ⟨č⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the "ch" sound in "chip". ——————————————————— μεταφράζω • (metafrázo) (past μετέφρασα/μετάφρασα, passive μεταφράζομαι) translate Coordinate terms αμεταγλώττιστος (ametaglóttistos, “untranslated, untranslatable”) Related terms[edit] αμετάφραστος (ametáfrastos, “not translated”) μετάφραση f (metáfrasi, “translation”) μεταφραστής m (metafrastís, “translator”) μεταφράστρια f (metafrástria, “translator”) μεταφραστικός (metafrastikós, “translation”) Verb φρᾰ́ζω • (phrázō) to make known, point out, intimate, show to tell, declare to explain, interpret to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order (middle) to think, consider, ponder, muse (middle) to devise, plan, design, intend (middle) to think, suppose, believe, imagine that (middle) to remark, perceive, notice (middle) to come to know, learn, become acquainted with, see, understand (middle) to observe, watch, guard (middle) to mind, heed, take care, beware of Might be related to φρήν (phrḗn, “wits, will”) φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension (often in the plural) The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger The seat of intellect, wits, mind will, purpose From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”) Related to Old Norse grunr (“suspicion”). Synonyms (seat of emotions): θῡμός (soul, seat of emotion, smoke, fumes, mist, dust) πραπίς (spirit, mind) ``` Noun πρᾰπίς • (prapís) f (genitive πρᾰπίδος); third declension (in the plural) midriff, diaphragm spirit, mind heart, as the seat of emotions prudence, wisdom ``` πρᾰπίς The formation is similar to σανίς (sanís), ἐλπίς (elpís) and φροντίς (phrontís). Probably from Proto-Indo-European *krep- (“body”), the same root of Latin corpus (“body”), Proto-Germanic *hrefaz (“body; belly”) and Sanskrit कृप् (kṛp, “beauty”). ``` Noun θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind ``` from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”) ``` From Latin: fūmus Noun fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension smoke, steam indication, sign fumus boni iuris ― sign of good law ``` from Old English dūst (“dust, dried earth reduced to powder; other dry material reduced to powder”) Noun dūst n dust; powder; mill dust From Proto-Germanic *dunstą (“dust, vapour”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“vapour, smoke”) Noun θυμός • (thymós) m (plural θυμοί) anger, rage ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology 1 Root *dʰew- to die, pass away Latin: fūnus ``` from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) Etymology 2 Root *dʰew- to run, flow Adjective αἰγίοχος • (aigíokhos) m or f (neuter αἰγίοχον); second declension (Epic) aegis-bearing chariot (epithet of Zeus) αἰγίς (aigís, “aegis”) +‎ ὄχος (ókhos, “bearing”) Noun αἰγῐ́ς • (aigís) f (genitive αἰγῐ́δος); third declension the aegis; a shield of Zeus or cloak of Athena a goat-skin coat a rushing storm, hurricane a yellow kernel in the pith of the pine a speck in the eye Noun κᾰταιγῐ́ς • (kataigís) f (genitive κᾰταιγῐ́δος); third declension a storm descending from above, a squall, a hurricane (figuratively) a “gust” of passion (figuratively) battle κᾰτ᾽ (kat᾽, “down”) +‎ αἰγῐ́ς (aigís, “storm”) Noun κᾰταιγισμός • (kataigismós) m (genitive κᾰταιγισμοῦ); second declension storm descending from above sensual desires From καταιγίζω (kataigízō, “I rush down like a storm”) from καταιγίς (kataigís, “a storm from above”), Noun καταιγίδα • (kataigída) f (plural καταιγίδες) (meteorology) thunderstorm, storm Synonym θύελλα Noun θύελλα • (thýella) f (plural θύελλες) (meteorology) storm, tempest, gale, hurricane (strong winds with rain) (figuratively) storm, barrage, slew, onslaught (strong amount) from θύω (thúō, “to rush in, storm, rage”). Verb θύω • (thúō) I rush in, storm, rage, seethe (in general of violent movements) ``` Verb θῡ́ω • (thū́ō) I offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate I kill, slaughter (in a general sense) (middle) I cause to be sacrificed I consult (of oracles, prophets, etc) I celebrate ``` Unclear, but may be related to θῡμός (thūmós) Cognates Latin suffiō Verb suffiō (present infinitive suffīre, perfect active suffīvī or suffiī, supine suffītum); fourth conjugation I fumigate, perfume, scent. Etymology From sub- (“under, within”) +‎ *fiō likely cognate with Ancient Greek θύω (thúō) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) whence also fūmus (“smoke, steam”) and fūlīgō (“soot”) —————————————————— from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) Etymology 2 Root *dʰew- to run, flow —————————————————————— Cognates Old Irish: duine Noun duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni) person. human being ``` Noun duine m (genitive singular duine, plural daoine) man person, body, individual husband one ``` From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”), a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”). Etymology From Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰm̥mō (“earthling, human”) a derivation of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) whence also dú (“place, spot”) Akin to Breton den (“man”) and Welsh dyn (“man”). For the parallel semantic development of the noun for "man, human" from the cognate nominal stem for "earth", compare Latin homō (“man, person”) Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”) Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma). The plural doíni is suppletive, coming from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die”) ``` From Proto-Indo-European: *dʰéǵʰōm Noun *dʰéǵʰōm earth human ``` From *dʰéǵʰōm (earth) +‎ *-ō possible connection is with *(s)teǵ- (“to cover”) Proto-Indo-European Etymology *dʰeǵʰ- +‎ *-ōm. Noun *ǵʰmṓ m (Lindeman variant: ǵʰm̥mṓ m) earthling Luwian Noun 𒋾𒄿𒀀𒄠𒈪𒅖 (transliteration needed /tiyammis/) earth From Middle English erthe from Old English eorþe (“earth, ground, soil, dry land”) from Proto-West Germanic *erþu from Proto-Germanic *erþō (“earth, ground, soil”) ``` Noun eorþe f ground dirt the planet Earth ``` ``` Latin: humus Noun humus f (genitive humī); second declension ground, floor earth, soil Related to homō (“human being, man”) ``` Ancient Greek: χθών (khthṓn), χαμαί (khamaí), χῶμα (khôma) Noun χθών • (khthṓn) f (genitive χθονός); third declension ground, soil, surface of the earth earth, world land, country ``` Adjective χθᾰμᾰλός • (khthamalós) m (feminine χθᾰμᾰλή, neuter χθᾰμᾰλόν); first/second declension low, near the ground, creeping sunken, flat epithet of Ithaca ``` Hittite: 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (te-e-kán /tēkan/) 𒋼𒂊𒃷 • (tēkan) n earth Hebrew אָדָם‎ (adám, “man”), אדמה‎ (adamá, “soil”). compare Arabic دُمْيَة‎ (dumya, “statue, idol; effigy, likeness; doll, puppet”) دَمَّ‎ (damma, “to bedaub”) ``` Noun אָדָם • (adám) m person, human, human being mankind, humankind ‏אָדָם לְאָדָם זְאֵב‎ ― adám l'adám z'év ― Man is a wolf to man. (cf. homō hominī lupus) man ``` Comparable to Phoenician 𐤀𐤃𐤌‎ (ʾdm, “man, earthling”) Ugaritic 𐎀𐎄𐎎 (ảdm, “man; red earth, red ochre”) Old South Arabian 𐩱𐩵𐩣‎ (“vassals, subjects”) Ge'ez ዶም (dom, “slave”) Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒄠𒈬 (a-da-am-mu /adamu/, “blood”) Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈠𒌈 (a-da-ma-tum /adamātu/, “dark red earth or dye”), Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /adamu/, “a red garment”) Akkadian 𒀀𒁕𒈬 (a-da-mu /adamu/, “an important or noble person”) The meaning range points to these words being extensions from Proto-Semitic *dam- (“blood”), compare the Palestinian Aramaic forms of it אדם‎ / אידם‎ / ܐܕܡ‎ (ʾəḏem, “blood”). The meaning development could be any of “blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “earthling” or “blood” → “man”, as blood is a main ingredient of humans or “blood” → “red earth”, “red ochre” → “the dye to paint idols” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man” or “blood” → “blood sacrifice to appease an idol” → hence “an idol” → “an effigy, a likeness” → “a man” ``` Ugaritic Etymology Compare Hebrew אָדָם‎ (ʾāḏām), אֲדָמָה‎ (ʾăḏāmā). Noun[edit] 𐎀𐎄𐎎 • (ảdm) /ʾadamu/ humankind red earth red ochre ``` ``` Phoenician Etymology From Proto-Semitic *ʾadam-. Noun ʾdm (ʾdm) man Synonym: 𐤀𐤔‎ (ʾš) (mythology) the first man ``` ``` Phoenician Etymology 1 From Proto-Semitic *ʾš, *ʾiš- (“man”). Noun 𐤀𐤔 (ʾš) man Synonym: 𐤀𐤃𐤌‎ (ʾdm) ``` ``` Etymology 2 Compare Hebrew אשר‎. Pronoun[edit] 𐤀𐤔 (ʾš) who, which ```

Answer 736

TAX - TAXONOMY τᾰ́σσω (I arrange”, “I order”) + τᾰγ- (To label) +‎ -σῐς (abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process) ``` Noun τᾰ́ξῐς • (táxis) f (genitive τᾰ́ξεως or τᾰ́ξῐος); third declension arrangement, ordering battle array, order of battle (military) rank, line of soldiers post, place, position, rank division, brigade, company, cohort band, company arrangement, disposition, manner, nature assessment order, good order duty order, class ``` ``` Verb τᾰ́σσω • (tássō) (transitive) to arrange, put in order (transitive, military) to arrange soldiers, array, marshal (passive) to fall in, form up (transitive) to post, station (transitive) to appoint, assign (transitive) to undertake (transitive) to order, command (transitive) to assess payments (transitive) to agree upon (transitive) to impose punishments, laws ``` ``` Noun τᾰγή • (tagḗ) f (genitive τᾰγῆς); first declension line of battle, front, array command, province command, order pension, alimony ration stipulated amount to be delivered (at Telmessus) penalty, fine ``` From τᾰ́σσω (tássō, “to put in order, arrange”) +‎ -ή (-ḗ). Adjective εντάξει • (entáxei) (indeclinable) all right, in order Είσαι εντάξει; ― Eísai entáxei? ― Are you all right? Είναι εντάξει ― Eínai entáxei ― It's OK Είναι εντάξει; ― Eínai entáxei? ― Is it alright? From Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) τάξει (táxei, “order”) ``` Noun τάγμᾰ • (tágma) n (genitive τάγμᾰτος); third declension command, order arrangement body of soldiers, division, brigade ``` τάγμα • (tágma) n (plural τάγματα) battalion (army unit) religious order; a group living according to a set of rules order of chivalry ``` Verb συντάσσω • (syntásso) (past συνέταξα) draft (a document) compose (a statement) compile design indite ``` ``` Verb ῠ̔ποτᾰ́σσω • (hupotássō) to place or arrange under to post under or behind to subject, subdue, make subject to put after (logic) to take as a minor premise to govern the subjunctive ``` From ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ τᾰ́σσω (tássō, “to place”). —————————————————— Noun ᾰ̓νᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (anátaxis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension financial estimate, assessment. Noun ανάταξη • (anátaxi) f (plural ανατάξεις) (surgery, medicine) taxis, resetting (more generally) repositioning ανατάσσω (anatásso, “to reset”) τακτισμός m (taktismós, “taxis”) (biology) Noun τακτισμός • (taktismós) m (biology) taxis Noun τροπισμός • (tropismós) m (plural τροπισμοί) (biology) taxis Synonym: τακτισμός (taktismós) (biology) tropism (naval) positioning of a ship for maintenance, careening Synonym: καρίνα (karína) —————————————————— Noun ᾰ̓ντῐδῐᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (antidiátaxis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐδῐᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension comparison of arguments (for and against a thesis) From ᾰ̓ντῐδῐᾰτᾰ́σσομαι (antidiatássomai, “to oppose”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun ᾰ̓ντῐμετᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (antimetátaxis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐμετᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension interchange of gender From ᾰ̓ντῐμετᾰτᾰ́σσω (antimetatássō, “change the order of battle so as to meet the enemy”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun ᾰ̓ντῐπᾰρᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (antiparátaxis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐπᾰρᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension hostile demonstration; stubborn determination to resist From ᾰ̓ντῐπᾰρᾰτᾰ́σσομαι (antiparatássomai, “to stand in array against”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun ᾰ̓ντῐ́τᾰξῐς • (antítaxis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐτᾰ́ξεως); third declension a setting in array against (generally) opposition From ᾰ̓ντῐτᾰ́σσω (antitássō, “to set opposite to”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun ἀπότᾰξῐς • (apótaxis) f (genitive ἀποτᾰ́ξεως); third declension separate assessment (for tribute) From ἀποτᾰ́σσω (apotássō, “to set apart”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun δῐᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (diátaxis) f (genitive δῐᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension disposition, arrangment command From δῐᾰτᾰ́σσω (diatássō, “to appoint”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— ``` Noun ἔκτᾰξῐς • (éktaxis) f (genitive ἐκτᾰξεως); third declension array of battle expedition disposal, distribution ``` From ἐκτᾰ́σσω (ektássō, “to draw out in battle-order”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun ἔνταξῐς • (éntaxis) f (genitive ἐντάξεως); third declension putting in, insertion placing of light-armed soldiers alternately with hoplites in the phalanx From ἐντάσσω (entássō, “to insert”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— ``` Noun ἐπῐ́τᾰξῐς • (epítaxis) f (genitive ἐπῐτᾰ́ξεως); third declension injunction assessment a command, order command (in tactics) station on the flanks ``` From ἐπῐτᾰ́σσω (epitássō, “to put upon, enjoin”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun κᾰτᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (katátaxis) f (genitive κᾰτᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension ordering, arranging; classification ordinance, regulation (in medicine) reduction (of dislocations) From κᾰτᾰτάσσω (katatássō, “to draw up in order, arrange”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— Noun μετᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (metátaxis) f (genitive μετᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension change in the order of battle From μετατάσσω (metatássō, “to transpose”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— ``` Noun πᾰρᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (parátaxis) f (genitive πᾰρᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension a placing side by side marshaling, line of battle front rank of the phalanx ``` From παρατάσσω (paratássō, “to place side by side”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— Noun πᾰρέντᾰξῐς • (paréntaxis) f (genitive πᾰρεντᾰ́ξεως); third declension insertion (in tactics) insertion (e.g. of light-armed troops among hoplites) From παρεντάττω (parentáttō, “to insert”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— Noun προσέντᾰξῐς • (proséntaxis) f (genitive προσεντᾰ́ξεως); third declension stationing of light-armed troops on wings of phalanx From προσεντάττω (prosentáttō, “to insert besides”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— Noun πρόστᾰξῐς • (próstaxis) f (genitive προστᾰ́ξεως); third declension posting of additional troops on the wings of a phalanx ordinance, command From προστάσσω (prostássō, “to place or post at a place”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— Noun πρότᾰξῐς • (prótaxis) f (genitive προτᾰ́ξεως); third declension posting in front prefixing From προτάσσω (protássō, “to place in front”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— Noun σῠμπᾰρᾰ́τᾰξῐς • (sumparátaxis) f (genitive σῠμπᾰρᾰτᾰ́ξεως); third declension meeting in battle From συμπαρατάσσομαι (sumparatássomai, “to fight along with”) +‎ -σις (-sis). —————————————————— ``` Noun σῠ́ντᾰξῐς • (súntaxis) f (genitive σῠντᾰ́ξεως or σῠντᾰ́ξῐος); third declension an arranging, putting in order array, arrangement, organization, system, order composition, treatise (grammar) syntax body of troops, contingent company, troupe covenant, previous arrangement tribute, levy subvention, pension ``` From συντάσσω (suntássō) +‎ -σις (-sis). Noun σύνταξη • (sýntaxi) f (plural συντάξεις) (grammar, linguistics) syntax writing, drafting, composition (the act of creating a document) retirement (from work) pension (money received after retirement) συντάσσω (syntásso, “to draft, to design”) συνταξιούχος m (syntaxioúchos, “pensioner”) συνταξιοδοτώ (syntaxiodotó, “to pension off”) συνταξιοδότηση f (syntaxiodótisi, “pensioning off”) συνταξιοδοτικός (syntaxiodotikós, “retirement, pension”) (adjective) —————————————————— Noun ῠ̔πέρτᾰξῐς • (hupértaxis) f (genitive ῠ̔περτᾰ́ξεως); third declension superior order From ὑπερ- (huper-, “over”) +‎ τάξις (táxis, “order, arrangment”). —————————————————— Noun ῠ̔πότᾰξῐς • (hupótaxis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποτᾰ́ξεως); third declension subjection, submission drawing up of light-armed behind the phalanx (in grammar) postposition From ῠ̔ποτᾰ́σσω (hupotássō, “to place under”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— —————————————————— ——————————————————

Answer 737

CATEGORY - TO SPEAK AGAINST - TO ACCUSE From κᾰτᾰ- (“against”) + the root of ᾰ̓γορεύω (“to speak”) From ἀγορᾱ́ (“assembly”) +‎ -εύω (“denominative verb-forming suffix”). From κᾰτήγορος (accuse) +‎ -έω (-verb) From κᾰτᾰ- (“against”) +‎ ἀγορεύω (“to speak in assembly”). Noun κᾰτήγορος • (katḗgoros) m (genitive κᾰτηγόρου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine) accuser κατηγορία category, class, accusation, charge, kind, complaint. Noun κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ • (katēgoríā) f (genitive κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension charge, accusation (logic) predication, category From κᾰτηγορέω (katēgoréō, “I accuse, speak against”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Verb κᾰτηγορέω • (katēgoréō) to speak against, especially before judges, to accuse, to denounce publicly to state or bring as a charge against a person, accuse of it (with accusative of object) to allege in accusation (passive) to be accused (absolute) to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor to signify, indicate, prove (followed by a relative pronoun) to tell plainly, declare, assert (in logic) to predicate of a person or thing to affirm From κᾰτήγορος (katḗgoros) +‎ -έω (-éō), or from κᾰτᾰ- (kata-, “against”) +‎ ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in assembly”). ``` Verb ἀγορεύω • (agoreúō) to speak in the assembly to say, speak to proclaim ``` From ἀγορᾱ́ (“assembly”) +‎ -εύω (“denominative verb-forming suffix”). Noun ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ • (agorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓γορᾶς); first declension assembly, especially an assembly of the people (as opposed to a council, βουλή (boulḗ)) the place of assembly speech market, marketplace things sold at market, provisions, supplies sale the time of market: midday Verb ἀγείρω • (ageírō) to collect, gather from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”). Cognate with Latin grex (“flock, herd”) Sanskrit गण (gaṇá, “flock, troop, group”). Synonyms (say, speak): εἴρω (eírō), εἶπον (eîpon), λέγω (légō) ``` ἀλληγορέω (allēgoréō) ἀναγορεύω (anagoreúō) ἀπαγορεύω (apagoreúō) διαγορεύω (diagoreúō) ἐξαγορεύω (exagoreúō) ἐξηγορέω (exēgoréō) εὐηγορέω (euēgoréō) κακηγορέω (kakēgoréō) καταγορεύω (katagoreúō) κατηγορέω (katēgoréō) παρηγορέω (parēgoréō) προαγορεύω (proagoreúō) προηγορέω (proēgoréō) προσαγορεύω (prosagoreúō) προσηγορέω (prosēgoréō) συναγορεύω (sunagoreúō) συνηγορέω (sunēgoréō) ὑπαγορεύω (hupagoreúō) ```

Answer 738

RIGHTS The four types of Hohfeld rights The most common starting point for defining the concept of law is according to the analysis of the American judge Wesley Hohfeld (1879-1918). According to Hohfeld, the phrase "a person A has the right to X" can mean four different things: (i) A's claim that another B should act in some way. The other then has the corresponding obligation . For example, the right of the owner to forbid entry to his property is equivalent to the obligation of others not to enter without permission. (ii) Freedom of A to act in some way. Which is equivalent to A's lack of obligation not to do X. (iii) Power or possibility of enforcing that X will happen. For example the captain of a ship has the right or authority to put a sailor to wash the deck. The difference with the claim of type (i), which according to Hohfeld is a "first degree" right, is that the right as a power refers to a "second degree" ability of a person to determine a given set of rights and obligations of himself and others. (iv) Immunity that A is not subject to the authority or competence of another over X. The difference with type (ii) freedom is likewise that it does not concern "first degree" freedom in relation to a particular act but "second degree" lack of competence in a field of operations. The term right generally refers either to a moral right, which is based on moral principles, or to a legal right, which is enshrined in law. Legal rights are powers (and freedoms) which are granted by law to persons pursuing and realizing their various vital interests and are imposed (protected) by law. Negative and positive rights According to the distinction between negative and positive rights, positive are those that allow or make an act obligatory, while negative are those that allow or make it obligatory to abstain from an act. It is noted that to allow an act or to abstain from an act is equivalent to a right of free choice (act or abstention respectively). While the obligatory abstention from an act is of course equivalent to its prohibition. For example, the negative right to life refers to a ban on taking the life of any person (eg the state prohibits the death penalty). While the positive right to life refers to actions to provide protection of a person's life. ``` ————————————————————- Noun δικαίωμα • (dikaíoma) n (plural δικαιώματα) (law) right, entitlement ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα ― anthrópina dikaiómata ― human rights ``` (law, in the plural) rights Το Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων To Evropaïkó Dikastírio Anthropínon Dikaiomáton The European Court of Human Rights right, warrant, authority, power Δεν είχες το δικαίωμα να πυροβολήσεις. Den eíches to dikaíoma na pyrovolíseis. You didn't have the authority to shoot. From Ancient Greek δικαίωμα (dikaíōma), equivalent to δικαιώνω (dikaióno, “to justify”) +‎ -ωμα (-oma). Actually a semantic loan from the French droit ——————————————————— DROIT Noun droit (plural droits) (law) A legal right or entitlement. Inherited from Old French droit (spelled dreit in Early Old French), inherited from Vulgar Latin *drēctus, syncopated form of Latin dīrēctus. Doublet of direct. In Middle French, it was for a time spelled droict to reflect the original Latin etymology. Latin: dīrēctus Adjective dīrēctus (feminine dīrēcta, neuter dīrēctum); first/second-declension participle laid straight, arranged in lines, having been arranged in lines (by extension) direct, straight; level; upright directed, steered, having been directed distributed, scattered, having been distributed perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“lay straight; direct; distribute”). Verb dīrigō (present infinitive dīrigere, perfect active dīrēxī, supine dīrēctum); third conjugation I lay straight; arrange in lines (especially in military contexts) I direct, steer I distribute, scatter Equivalent to dis- +‎ regō (“I rule, govern”). ``` Prefix dis- asunder, apart, in two dīmittō ― dismiss, disband discēdō ― part, separate reversal, removal dissimulō ― disguise, conceal utterly, exceedingly differtus ― stuffed full ``` ``` Verb regō (present infinitive regere, perfect active rēxī, supine rēctum); third conjugation I rule, govern I guide, steer I oversee, manage ``` Synonyms (rule, govern): ordinō ``` Verb ōrdinō (present infinitive ōrdināre, perfect active ōrdināvī, supine ōrdinātum); first conjugation I arrange, put in order, organize. I rule, govern. I ordain, appoint to office. ``` From ōrdō (“order”) Noun ōrdō m (genitive ōrdinis); third declension a methodical series, arrangement, or order; regular line, row, or series a class, station, condition, rank a group (of people) of the same class, caste, station, or rank ("vir senatorii ordinis") (military) A rank or line of soldiers; band, troop, company (military) command, captaincy, generalship Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂er- to fit, to fix, to put together Adjective artus (feminine arta, neuter artum, comparative artior, superlative artissimus); first/second-declension adjective narrow, close, fitted, confined, dense (figuratively) severe, strict, scanty, brief ``` Noun artus m (genitive artūs); fourth declension (anatomy, usually in the plural) a joint (figuratively) sinew, strength, power (poetic) the limbs ``` Cognates include Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú, “right time, order, rule”) Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “arranging, arrangement”) From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tós (“fitted”) from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Cognates include Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right, etc.”) Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀‎ (aṣ̌a, “truth”). Noun ἀρθμός • (arthmós) m (genitive ἀρθμοῦ); second declension bond, league, friendship From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit; to put together”). ———————————————————— Categories of rights Processing An indicative but not commonly accepted or complete categorization of fundamental rights is: fundamental human rights (such as the right to life and personal security), individual or civil rights (such as the right to property), political rights (such as the right elect and be elected) and social rights (such as the right to work, the right to education and the right of access to health services). Civil rights - definition Processing A right is the power given to a person under the Law to protect his legal interest. This power of the person recognized by law derives, is imposed, protected and remedied (in case of violation) by the law itself. A corresponding concept of the right, by third parties, is the "obligation" either to abstain from any action that may infringe on the "right" such as rights in rem, or of certain persons in acts or omissions on obligatory rights. Consequently, the rights provided by the Law impose the obligations at the same time. However, rights and obligations are also created in private agreements ( contracts ) between persons. The fact that they have as their source, a private agreement and not a Law does not mean that the respect, on the one hand, for the right and on the other hand the execution of the obligation depend only on the "good will" of the parties to the contract. That is why the Law considers this private agreement a Law. Therefore, the source of rights and obligations is not only the Law but also the private agreement ( contract ) which is your private law. Rights and obligations compose legal relations between persons. Discrimination of civil rights A. Property rights:— ``` Real right:— Obligation right Birthright On immaterial right e.g. copyright . B. Non-property rights : ``` Family right:— Right to personality Exercise of right Processing Exercise of a right is the exercise of the power conferred on this right. This exercise is done in various ways such as the one who owns the property enjoys the thing either by using or by reaping. Another way is the transfer of ownership or even the judicial pursuit of them. Acquisition of a right:— The right acquisition is the link of a right by a person. The acquisition of any right is divided into "original" and "derivative". Original acquisition of a right : it is called that which is not based on another person's pre-existing right. In other words, this is a right that is born in the person of the just owner, such as e.g. the shipbuilding . Derivative acquisition of a right : it is called that which is based on a pre-existing right of another person. That is, it is an existing right that is transferred to a new subject of it, e.g. the sale of a ship by which its ownership is transferred from one person to another. Limitation of right:— The Law, in addition to the protection it provides in favor of the subject of the right, often happens to act against him as well. Such a case is the limitation period . It is a fact that the Law by the statute of limitations seeks either to exclude the pursuit of the exercise of a right, which for a long time was missed by the beneficiary ( inaction ), or to consolidate a long-standing situation, thus granting it protection. Therefore, in any case, the Limitation period is a loss of right . It follows from the above that the Limitation period is the set of legal institutions with which a real situation changes into a legal one. Depending on the result that the statute of limitations leads to, it is divided into two categories: Depreciation:— Possession limitation or as it is better known usufruct . Infringement of right Processing An infringement of a right is defined as any act or even omission of the obligor or in case of absolute rights of any third party, which is contrary to the content of the right such as non-payment of overdue loan, or occupation and possession of something that does not belong to the occupant. In case of such an infringement, the protection of the right can be done either in court or out of court. Judicial protection : Characterized by the legal protection provided by the appeal of the person with a legal interest affected to bodies of the State (State) which provide the guarantees of impartial judgment and which are the Courts . Out-of-court protection or self-judgment : It is characterized by the protection of the victim by his own forces. Today this self-sufficient protection is condemned by modern law as insulting the judicial authorities of favored States (Countries). But beyond this general rule there are cases where the "self-judgment" is forgiven e.g. self-judgment as a defense or as a satisfaction of a right. Rights subject:— After the Law was created for man in order to regulate the relations between his peers, it is next for each of the people to be recognized as a subject of law. However, persons in the Law are considered not only these same people but also various associations of more people who pursue a common legal purpose in order to treat their needs. Thus, two types of persons are distinguished: Individuals Legal entities ———————————————————— Adjective σωστός • (sostós) m (feminine σωστή, neuter σωστό) correct, right Synonym: ορθός (orthós) Antonym: λάθος (láthos) real, true (figuratively) well-mannered, well-behaved. Verbal adjective of the verb σώζω (sṓzō, “to save”), hence literally "safe and sound; secure; sure, certain".

Answer 739

NATURAL PERSON — INDIVIDUALITY A natural person is called by law any person who has the ability to be subject to rights and obligations, regardless of gender, age, nationality and religion. Only man is considered a "natural person", in contrast to the Legal person. Admiralty The "natural person" begins to exist from birth and ceases with his death. However, it is possible that even though death has not been proven to have occurred, a natural person may be considered by the Law as "non-existent". Such a case is obscurity . That is, in cases where a person disappears under conditions of danger (eg a maritime accident ) with a high probability of his death or if he is absent without news for a long time, he can be declared missing by a court decision, in which case the law considers him a creature immortal . Legal Capacity Every human being, from birth to death, has the capacity for law, that is, the capacity to be subject to rights and obligations. The capacity for law is contrasted with the capacity for legal action, that is, the ability to voluntarily dispose of his rights and to assume obligations voluntarily. Full capacity for legal action is recognized in people upon reaching the age of 18 years. By the age of 18, a person is either incapable of legal action or of limited ability (he can exercise certain rights and take on certain obligations). Those incapable of legal action can sell rights and take on obligations only through their legal representative (usually the parents, unless otherwise specified). The limitation of legal capacity is aimed at protecting minors from making commitments, the extent of which they are unable to realize. Adults may be incapacitated if convicted in a court of lawlegal aid . The declaration of legal aid is made mainly in cases of mental illness that do not allow the person to be aware of his actions. The court decision must also appoint the legal representative, the legal assistant, who will carry out acts on behalf of the represented. ``` Admiralty — Still Birth The embryo (nasciturus) is considered a retroactive subject of law if it is born alive. This setting is important to the Inheritance Law : if the fetus designated heir by will or intestate , inherits only retrospectively if born alive (even though he dies immediately after birth). ``` Change of State or Office For each change in the personal situation of a natural person (birth, marriage, adoption, death) special "acts" are drawn up that aim at the official confirmation of the above events called registers which are registered by special registrars in special public books. In case of inability to access the registry (eg birth or death on a ship "at sea" or abroad) this act is drawn up by another body with the powers of a registrar (the Captain , the Consul, etc.).

Answer 740

EMBRYO An embryo is a mammal that is in the early stages of development, from the time a fertilized egg divides until birth [1] . Mostly mammals conceive their offspring, so the concept of the fetus directly concerns them. The fetus is conceived in females who have a special organ for pregnancy, the uterus . The embryo emerges from the zygote , after the proliferation and specialization of the various cells . During pregnancy the fetus develops, the various cells form tissues . Tissues then form organs , and the organs form biological systems.. Once all this is developed, the body begins to react, function or otherwise live independently as soon as childbirth occurs.

Answer 741

ZYGOTE The zygote results from the union of the sperm and the egg. The sperm will fertilize the egg and create the zygote. During sexual intercourse , the sperm meet the egg and fertilize it. The zygote (or egg) forms a set of cells that will develop into an embryo . \\ Zygote (Viol.). A diploid cell that results from the fusion of gametes — that is, from the union of an egg with a sperm or generally a female with a male gamete — during amphigenic reproduction. The term g was coined by the German botanist Edward Strasburger. The g. Is formed immediately after fertilization and either begins immediately cell divisions of a special type (grooves) or, as in many fungi, is covered with a thick wall and remains inactive as long as the environmental conditions are unfavorable. In relation to gametes, g. Has twice the number of chromosomes (diploid) and is the initial cell from which the embryo and then the mature individual will be created - through continuous cell divisions, differentiation and morphogenesis.

Answer 742

LIFE The life is the distinguishing characteristic of physical bodies possessing biological processes such as cell communication and self-preservation mechanisms than those who do not, either because these functions are interrupted (have died ), or because they do not never had considered inanimate . There are a variety of life forms, including plants , animals , fungi , primarily , ancient , and bacteria . The classification criteria are not always visible and may refer to viruses , viroids , or any synthetic life as "live". THEBiology is the science that deals with the study of life. Since there is no definite definition of life, most of today's biological definitions are descriptive. Life is considered as a characteristic of someone who is maintained, continues or enhances his existence in the given environment. It generally has and presents the following properties: [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] Homeostasis : adjusting the indoor environment to maintain a steady state, such as sweating to reduce temperature Organization : structurally consists of one or more cells - the basic units of life Metabolism : the transformations of energy during the conversion of chemical components and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and the decomposition of organic matter (catabolism). Living creatures need energy to maintain their internal organization (homeostasis) and to produce other life-related phenomena. Development : maintenance of a faster rate in anabolism than in catabolism. A growing organism grows in size throughout, and is not limited to the accumulation of matter. Adaptation : gradual variability in response to changes in the environment. It is a fundamental process of evolution and is regulated by the body's heredity , nutrition and external factors. Response to stimuli : one response may be, the shrinkage of a single-celled organism due to chemicals externally, the complex reactions involved in the sensitivity of multicellular organisms . The response is often manifested by movement, such as the leaves of a plant facing the sun ( phototropism ) and chemotactics . Reproduction : the ability to produce new autonomous organisms, either genetically from a single original organism or racially from two original organisms.

Answer 743

ADAPTION - ADJUSTMENT In biology , adaptation is a property of an organism, a structure, a physiological trait, a behavior or any other characteristic whose possession favors the individual in the struggle for survival. It is not a teleological process. In physiology , in particular, the term attributes the change to the degree of sensitivity of a sensory organ in order to respond to abnormal conditions [1] . As adjustment is also meant any behavioral, physiological or anatomical feature that favors the organism survival and reproduction possibilities [2] . It is the result of natural selection .

Answer 744

NATURAL SELECTION In more detail, the theory of natural selection can be summarized in 4 basic observations and 3 conclusions derived from them. Note 1 : The populations of the various species tend to increase from generation to generation at a rate of geometric progression. Note 2 : Excluding seasonal fluctuations, population sizes remain relatively constant. Corollary 1 : In order to maintain a stable population size, despite the growing trend, some individuals do not survive or reproduce. Therefore a struggle for survival is waged between the organisms of a population. Note 3 : The individuals of a species are not identical. There is a huge diversity in populations in terms of the physical characteristics of their members. Conclusion 2 : Success in the struggle for survival is not accidental. Instead, it depends on the type of traits an organism has inherited from its ancestors. Organisms that have inherited traits that help them better adapt to their environment survive longer and / or leave more offspring than organisms that have inherited traits that are less conducive to survival. Note 4 : Most of the characteristics of parents are bequeathed to their offspring. Conclusion 3 : Survival traits are passed on to the next generation with greater frequency than less favorable traits, as their carriers survive and leave a larger number of offspring than carriers of the less favorable traits. Thus, over time, the accumulation of more and more favorable traits in a population can lead to the emergence of a new species. —————————————————————- One of the points that needs to be clarified in Darwin's theory is where natural selection ultimately works . For evolutionary theory, then, natural selection acts on the population, and therefore the population represents the smallest possible unit that can evolve. This seems paradoxical, as natural selection involves interactions between individuals and their environment, so it would make more sense for individuals to be the unit of evolution rather than populations. However, an individual can present at most one new trait either due to a change in his genetic material ( mutation ) or due to the influence of his environment (acquired trait). On the contrary, evolution requires the accumulation of many new inheritable traits that have been established in the populations of successive generations by the action of natural selection. It should also be emphasized that the action of natural selection is locally and temporally determined. Environmental conditions vary from region to region and from time to time. Thus it is possible for a feature that proves to be adaptable in one area at a given time to be useless or even unfavorable in another area or at another time. Natural selection is one of the various mechanisms that can cause genetic mutations in natural populations. But it is the main mechanism through which organisms respond to changes in the environment. Neither natural selection nor any other evolutionary mechanism has any ultimate purpose. Natural selection, in particular, simply indicates the superiority of surviving or reproducing one genetic form over another under a particular environment and at a particular time. ———————————————————————— The idea of Natural Selection is not an invention of Charles Darwin. Such theories have been formulated since antiquity, the main representatives of which are: Anaximander (610 - 547/6 BC) Prosocratic philosopher from Miletus. According to Anaximander's theory "about the genesis of organic beings", when the earth was still covered by water, life was formed in the sea. However, after the liquid element left due to the heat of the sun, all of the sea creatures found on land had to adapt to the new environment. Among them were people who had previously lived a fish-like life. [2] Empedocles (495 - 435 BC) Prosocratic philosopher from Akragas, Sicily. In "zoogony" he tried to explain the origin and evolution of living organisms. Through the action of the power of "Friendship" (love or attraction) the organic organs of the animal body were first created separately, but wandered here and there because it exercised their influence is "Neikos". But as Philotia gained strength, individual members tended to find the right members to compose into more complete forms. This union of members happened by chance and the result was the creation of monsters and deformed beings. Those members who thus merged into more complex organic beings survived, while the others that did not happen to coincide somewhere and merge disappeared.Empedocles somehow conceived the idea of natural selection.

Answer 745

MUTATION In biology the term mutation or mutation (mutation), characterized any change which may occur in the genetic material of an organism. In multicellular eukaryotic organisms , if the mutation affects gamete cells , it is a genetic mutation and can be inherited. Conversely, if somatic cells are infected (non-racial), this mutation is called a somatic mutation that is not inherited. Mutations that result in gene changes (gene mutations) are changes in the base sequence of only one gene producing a different allele . The mutation can also affect the number of chromosomes , at which point the chromosomal mutation is observed . Changes in the pathway from the DNA of the gene to the amino acids or polypeptides of the phenotype are also included in the mutations. Mutations occur randomly, without this meaning that they are not subject to the influence of the environment. In particular, they are random in the sense that the likelihood of a mutation occurring is not related to its degree of utility. Depending on their importance in development , they are distinguished into favorable, harmful or neutral. Favorable mutations in the genotype of an organism are rarer and are favored by natural selection . Neutrals are more common, which do not affect the phenotype. Harmful mutations are eliminated over time, but they can survive if left untreated.

Answer 746

SET THEORY From συλλέγω (“to gather, collect”) +‎ -η (abstract noun suffix). From συν- (“with”) +‎ λέγω (“to choose, to say”) ``` Noun σῠλλογή • (sullogḗ) f (genitive σῠλλογῆς); first declension gathering, collecting (of soldiers) raising, levying summary, collection of instances assembly, meeting, summoning of a boule ``` Verb συλλέγω • (sullégō) to gather, collect, bring together to call together, to raise or levy ``` Verb συλλέγω • (syllégo) (past συνέλεξα, passive συλλέγομαι) collect, gather Synonyms: συγκεντρώνω (sygkentróno), μαζεύω (mazévo), συναθροίζω (synathroízo) (formal) pick fruit from trees or plants gather, accumulate, reposit gather information make a collection of items ``` From συν- (sun-, “with”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”) συνόλων (“A Set”) A set is any collection of clearly discernible and well-defined objects that come from the realm of experience (objects in particular) or distributions (objects in the abstract), which are considered as a whole. [1] The concept of set is "original concept" for Mathematics , ie it can not be defined using simpler concepts, so officers are accepted without proof . https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A3%25CF%258D%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BF&prev=search&pto=aue ``` Noun θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation ``` From θεωρός (“spectator”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-abstract noun). —————————————————— Translations of set Noun σειρά series, turn, range, row, line, set σετ set, nest συλλογή collection, compilation, assortment, picking, set, corpus σερβίτσιο set, cutlery, dinnerware set δύση west, setting, set φορμάρισμα shaping, set τάξη class, order, range, grade, rank, set Verb θέτω set, put, place, lay, bring forward, situate ορίζω set, define, designate, determine, prescribe, fix βάζω put, set, put in τοποθετώ place, post, posit, instate, set, locate βάλλω put, set, stick —————————————————————- UNIVERSALS vs PARTICULARS (unique — collective) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle%27s_theory_of_universals ``` Translations of universal παγκόσμιος worldwide, universal γενικός general, generic, universal, Catholic, omnibus ``` ``` παγκόσμιος • (pagkósmios) m (feminine παγκόσμια, neuter παγκόσμιο) global, worldwide, universal, world Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος (World War ΙΙ) παγκόσμιος πρωταθλητής (world champion) παγκόσμιος χάρτης (world map) ``` Adjective κᾰθολῐκός • (katholikós) m (feminine κᾰθολῐκή, neuter κᾰθολῐκόν); first/second declension general Adjective καθολικός • (katholikós) m (feminine καθολική, neuter καθολικό) universal catholic καθολικό n (katholikó, “part of a church; ledger”) Noun καθολικό • (katholikó) n (plural καθολικά) (architecture, orthodoxy) part of a church: space between narthex and sanctuary (religion) monastery chapel (administration) (universal) ledger ledger (plural ledgers) A book for keeping notes; a record book, a register. A book or other scheme for keeping accounting records. from Old English liċġan (“to lie down; to be situated”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie down”). The word is cognate with Dutch legger (“daybook; layer”) from leggen (“to lay”), liggen (“to lie down”) and is related to English ledge, lie (“to be prostrate”). from Old English liċġan (“to lie down; to be situated”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie down”). From Middle English lygger, ligger, leger (“large breviary; beam, plank; dweller, inhabitant”), from leggen, liggen, leyen variants of līen (“to lie down; to bow, kneel, prostrate; to die; to be located (somewhere); to remain in place, stay”) ``` Old English: liċġan Verb liċġan to lie (be in a horizontal position) to lie down to be located somewhere ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *legʰ- to lie (to be in resting position) ``` Middle English: lien to lie (be in a horizontal position) ``` ``` From Greek: κλῑ́νω Verb κλῑ́νω • (klī́nō) to bend, slant to cause to give way, cause to retreat to lean, prop something on another to turn aside to decline, wane to seat, cause to lie down (grammar) to inflect, decline, conjugate (passive) to lean, be sloping (passive) to wander, stray ``` κλίνη From κλῑ́νω (cline) +‎ -η (abstract noun). Noun κλῑ́νη • (klī́nē) f (genitive κλῑ́νης); first declension bed, couch Noun κλῐ́μᾰ • (klíma) n (genitive κλῐ́μᾰτος); third declension a slope, incline, inclination the supposed slope of the earth from the equator to the pole; (terrestrial) latitude a region, zone or belt of the earth; a clime From κλῐ́νω (klínō, “to slope, incline”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). ``` Noun κλῖμᾰξ • (klîmax) f (genitive κλῑ́μᾰκος); third declension ladder staircase torture instrument shaped like a ladder a certain wrestling move (rhetoric) climax the blocks of wood placed above the wheels of a chariot ``` From κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “I bend, lean”). Latin: clīnō clīnō (present infinitive clīnāre, perfect active clīnāvī, supine clīnātum); first conjugation (rare, nonstandard except as past participle) I bend, incline from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- from *ḱel- (“to incline”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix). ————————————————————- Universals are the characteristics or qualities that ordinary objects or things have in common. They can be identified in the types, properties, or relations observed in the world. In metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities. In other words, universals are repeatable or recurrent entities that can be instantiated or exemplified by many particular things. Universals are abstract (e.g. humanity), whereas particulars are concrete (e.g. the personhood of Socrates). In metaphysics, particulars or individuals are usually contrasted with universals. Universals concern features that can be exemplified by various different particulars. Particulars are often seen as concrete, spatiotemporal entities as opposed to abstract entities, such as properties or numbers. There are, however, theories of abstract particulars or tropes. For example, Socrates is a particular (there's only one Socrates-the-teacher-of-Plato and one cannot make copies of him, e.g., by cloning him, without introducing new, distinct particulars). Redness, by contrast, is not a particular, because it is abstract and multiply instantiated (for example a bicycle, an apple, and a given woman's hair can all be red). In nominalist view everything is particular. Universals in each moment of time from point of view of an observer is the collection of particulars that participates it.( even a void collection ). Abstract particulars are metaphysical entities which are both abstract objects and particulars. Abstract Abstract particulars are metaphysical entities which are both abstract objects and particulars. There is no general consensus as to what the characteristic marks of concreteness and abstractness are. Abstract Object Theory There are two modes of predication: some objects (the ordinary concrete ones around us, like tables and chairs) exemplify properties, while others (abstract objects like numbers, and what others would call "non-existent objects", like the round square, and the mountain made entirely of gold) merely encode them.[8] While the objects that exemplify properties are discovered through traditional empirical means, a simple set of axioms allows us to know about objects that encode properties.[9] For every set of properties, there is exactly one object that encodes exactly that set of properties and no others.[10] This allows for a formalized ontology. Predicate In mathematical logic, a predicate is the formalization of the mathematical concept of statement. A statement is commonly understood as an assertion that may be true or false, depending on the values of the variables that occur in it. A predicate consists of atomic formulas connected with logical connectives. An atomic formula is a well-formed formula of some mathematical theory. The main logical connectives are: 1. negation (not or ¬) 2. logical conjunction (and or ∧) 3. logical disjunction (or or ∨) 4. existential quantification (∃) 5. universal quantification (∀) the predicates always true (denoted true or ⊤) and always false (denoted false or ⊥) are commonly considered also as logical connectives. https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(mathematical_logic) https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_conjunction https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_domain https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(mathematics) https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(set_theory) https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_set https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_set ``` Concrete Adjective concrētus (feminine concrēta, neuter concrētum); first/second-declension participle condensed, thick hardened, solidified; congealed, clotted Perfect passive participle of concernō. ``` Verb concernō (present infinitive concernere, perfect active concrēvī, supine concrētum); third conjugation I mix, sift or mingle together (especially as in a sieve). From con- (“with, together”) +‎ cernō (“separate, divide, sieve, sift”) ``` Verb cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide ``` from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“sieve”). Root *krey- to sift, separate, divide Cognates Greek: κρῑ́νω Verb κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize

Answer 747

ABSTRACT From ab- (“away from”) +‎ trahō (“drag, haul”). Verb abstrahō (present infinitive abstrahere, perfect active abstrāxī, supine abstrāctum); third conjugation I draw away from, drag or pull away. I withdraw, alienate from. (figuratively) I divert, draw away. Verb trahō (present infinitive trahere, perfect active trāxī, supine tractum); third conjugation I drag, pull. I trail. I extract, withdraw. I plunder, squander. I draw out, prolong. (figuratively) I attract, draw (someone; their attention) (by extension) I attract the support of, sway, win over. from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ- (“to drag, pull?”), a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). The closest IE cognates are Old Irish tethraig (“ran away, receded”) Participle abstractus (feminine abstracta, neuter abstractum, adverb abstractiter); first/second-declension participle drawn away from, having been drawn away from alienated from, having been alienated from (figuratively) diverted from, having been diverted from (Medieval Latin, by extension) abstract (rather than concrete) Borrowed from Latin abstractus. ——————————————————- Noun περίληψη summary, resume, abstract, inclusion, synopsis, docket απόσπασμα excerpt, detachment, quotation, abstract, detail, task force επιτομή epitome, compendium, abstract, digest, abridgement, abridgment Adjective αφηρημένος abstract, absent-minded, absent, abstracted, nonobjective, muzzy Verb αφαιρώ remove, take away, abstract, deduct, subtract, defrost αποσπώ extort, distract, detach, elicit, pluck, abstract αποχωρίζω abstract, rend ——————————————————- αφηρημένος ( afiriménos ) Abstract Adjective abstract • ( afiriménos ) m ( feminine abstract , neuter abstract ) abstract abstract art - afiriméni téchni - abstract art absent-minded , preoccupied αφηρ. • ( afir. ) Abbreviation of abstract ( afirimenos ) : abstract Αφηρημένη τέχνη Abstract Art https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art ——————————————————- CONCRETE Borrowed from Latin concrētus. Adjective concrētus (feminine concrēta, neuter concrētum); first/second-declension participle condensed, thick hardened, solidified; congealed, clotted Perfect passive participle of concernō. From con- (“with, together”) +‎ cernō (“see, discern”). Verb concernō (present infinitive concernere, perfect active concrēvī, supine concrētum); third conjugation I mix, sift or mingle together (especially as in a sieve). ``` Verb cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide ``` From Proto-Italic *krinō from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“sieve”). Cognate to Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō). Verb κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize

Answer 748

Vi Coactus (V.C.) is a Latin term meaning "having been forced" or "having been compelled". In Latin, cōgō means "to compel" or "to force". The passive participle of cōgō is coāctus, meaning "having been forced" or "having been compelled" or "coerced" . "Vi Coactus" or "V.C." is used with a signature to indicate that the signer was under duress. The signer uses such marking to signal that the agreement was made under duress, and that it is their belief that it invalidates their signature.

Answer 749

A WONDER — A MIRACLE TO WITNESS teras: a wonder, marvel ``` Original Word: τέρας, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: teras Phonetic Spelling: (ter'-as) Definition: a wonder, marvel Usage: a wonder, portent, marvel. HELPS Word-studies 5059 téras – a miraculous wonder, done to elicit a reaction from onlookers; an extraordinary event with its supernatural effect left on all witnessing it, i.e. a portent from heaven to earth. ``` Concordance Entries Strong's Greek 5059 16 Occurrences τέρασι — 1 Occ. τέρασιν — 3 Occ. τέρατα — 11 Occ. τεράτων — 1 Occ. ``` Additional Entries τέλη — 2 Occ. τέλος — 33 Occ. τέλους — 6 Occ. τελῶναι — 8 Occ. τελώνην — 1 Occ. τελώνης — 5 Occ. τελωνῶν — 7 Occ. τελώνιον — 3 Occ. τέρασι — 1 Occ. τέρασιν — 3 Occ. τεράτων — 1 Occ. Τέρτιος — 1 Occ. Τέρτυλλος — 1 Occ. Τερτύλλου — 1 Occ. τεσσεράκοντα — 22 Occ. τεσσερακονταετῆ — 1 Occ. τεσσερακονταετὴς — 1 Occ. τέσσαρα — 6 Occ. τέσσαρας — 7 Occ. τέσσαρες — 11 Occ. ```

Answer 750

MENTICIDE - (THE MIND-FLAYER) From διανοέω (mind) + -κτείνω (-cide) = {mind slayer} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illithid menticide (countable and uncountable, plural menticides) Brain-washing, conditioning people to abandon their beliefs. Efforts to destroy the mind or the will of an individual or group of people. Verb δῐᾰνοέω • (dianoéō) Koine form of διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) ``` Verb δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai) to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do] to think about, consider to be minded , intend , purpose Bethink oneself ``` Adjective νοητῐκός • (noētikós) m (feminine νοητῐκή, neuter νοητῐκόν); first/second declension intellectual From νοητός (“conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) +‎ -τῐκός (“verbal adjective suffix”). Adjective νοητός • (noētós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητόν); first/second declension perceptible to the mind, thinkable, imaginable From νοέω (noéō, “to perceive”) +‎ -τός (-tós, adjectival suffix). νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean From νόος (nóos, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix). noetic (plural noetics) The science of the intellect. A purely intellectual entity. noetic (comparative more noetic, superlative most noetic) Of or pertaining to the mind or intellect. Originating in or apprehended by reason. from νοέω (noéō, “I see, understand”) Adjective νοητός • (noētós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητόν); first/second declension perceptible to the mind, thinkable, imaginable Antonym: ὁρᾱτός (horātós) εννοώ (ennoó, “to mean”) from εν- (“in”) +‎ νοώ (“think, understand”). εννοώ • (ennoó) (past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι) mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) concept, meaning, essential features from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (nous, “mind”). έγνοια (égnoia, “care, concern”) ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension the act of thinking, thought, consideration a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence From ἐννοέω (ennoéō, “to consider, reflect upon”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (-ia). εννοιοκρατία f (ennoiokratía, “conceptualism”) (philosophy) εννοιολογικός (ennoiologikós, “semasiological”) and see: εννοώ (ennoó, “mean; understand”) συνεννοέω (“to have in mind”) from σύν (“with”) + ἐννοέω (“to mean”). Adjective κατανοητός • (katanoïtós) m (feminine κατανοητή, neuter κατανοητό) understandable, comprehensible Noun κατανόηση • (katanóisi) f (plural κατανόησεις) comprehension, understanding κᾰτᾰνοέω • (katanoéō) to perceive, observe, watch to learn to take to heart, consider μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō) to perceive afterwards or too late to change one's mind or purpose to repent From μετᾰ- (meta-, suffix indicating change) +‎ νοέω (noéō, “perceive by the eyes, observe”). μετᾰ́νοιᾰ • (metánoia) f (genitive μετᾰνοίᾱς); first declension afterthought, repentance μετάνοια • (metánoia) f (plural μετάνοιες) remorse, repentance (by extension) prostration, genuflection From μετανοέω (“to perceive afterwards, repent”) +‎ -ῐᾰ (abstract noun). -ῐᾰ • (-ia) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension Primitive suffix added to the stems of adjectives in -ύς (-ús) and some nouns to form feminine gender ‎ἡδῠ́ς (hēdús, “sweet”, masculine) + ‎-ῐᾰ (-ia) → ‎ἡδεῖᾰ (hēdeîa, feminine) ‎ἱερεύς (hiereús, “priest”, masculine) + ‎-ῐᾰ (-ia) → ‎ἱέρειᾰ (hiéreia, feminine) Suffix added to the stems of adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) to form abstract nouns ‎ᾰ̓ληθής (alēthḗs, “true”) + ‎-ῐᾰ (-ia) → ‎ᾰ̓λήθειᾰ (alḗtheia, “truth”) νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n (genitive νοήμᾰτος); third declension perception thought, purpose, design understanding, mind From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) +‎ -μᾰ (result noun). νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture σημασία (meaning) νοημοσύνη (“intelligence”) νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) Synonyms (significance, importance): σπουδαιότητα f (spoudaiótita), βαρύτητα f (varýtita) Derived terms δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") Related terms[edit] σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance From σημαίνω (sēmaínō, “to signal”). —————————————————- Translations of mental Adjective διανοητικός intellectual, mental ψυχικός psychic, mental, spiritual του νου mental νοερός mental, intellectual φρενικός mental, phrenic From Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs, “mind, reason, understanding”). κοινός νους (koinós nous, “common sense”) εγκέφαλος m (egkéfalos, “brain”) ————————————————————- Translations of mind Noun μυαλό mind, brain, gumption γνώμη opinion, mind, notion, counsel, judge νους mind, nous, sense, intellect, wit διάνοια mind, intellect, mentality Verb προσέχω watch, watch out, notice, beware, look after, mind νοιάζομαι care, care about, concern, mind συνερίζομαι mind, pay attention φροντίζω care, take care, care for, look after, tend, mind —————————————————- From Latin mens (“mind”) or mentalis (“mental”) + -cīda (“killer”) by analogy to homicide, genocide, etc. Coined during the 1950s. mentālis (neuter mentāle); third-declension two-termination adjective (Late Latin) Mental. From mēns (“the mind, the heart”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). —————————————————— Noun ανθρωποκτονία • (anthropoktonía) f (plural ανθρωποκτονίες) (law) homicide, murder άνθρωπος (ánthropos, “man, human”) +‎ -κτονία (-ktonía, “-cide”) ——————————————————- Suffix -cide killing killer from Latin -cīda (“cutter, killer”), from caedō (“cut, kill”). In sense 1 (now the primary sense), by extension from sense 2 or from Latin -cīdium (“killing”) (e.g., homicide is from Latin homicīda and homicīdium). -cīda m (genitive -cīdae); first declension Noun-forming suffix denoting “one who kills” or “one who cuts” from nouns stems. Etymology caedō (“to cut, hew, kill”) +‎ -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns) Verb caedō (present infinitive caedere, perfect active cecīdī, supine caesum); third conjugation I cut, hew, fell. I strike, beat. I kill, I murder. I defeat decisively (defeat with heavy losses to the enemy side). from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-, *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”). Proto-Germanic *hajaną (“to pound”)) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti possibly reanalyzed from *sekh₂- (“to cut, sever”) +‎ *-éyti. Root *sek- to cut, cut off, sever Suffix *(Ø)-éyti Forms aktionsart verbs from roots. ``` secula f (genitive seculae); first declension a sickle ``` saeculum successive generations being linked together over time saeculum n (genitive saeculī); second declension race, breed generation, lifetime the amount of time between an occurrence and the death of the final person who was alive at, or witness to, that occurrence age, time century worldliness; the world Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Or, from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, knit, tie together, tie to, connect”) + *-tlom (instrumental suffix) (whence Latin -culum), in the sense of successive generations being linked together over time. Confer Lithuanian sėkla, Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”) in saecula saeculōrum (biblical, Christian liturgy) for ever and ever (literally, into ages of ages) calque of Ancient Greek εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων (eis toùs aiônas tôn aiṓnōn). εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνᾰς τῶν αἰώνων • (eis toùs aiônas tôn aiṓnōn) (Koine, biblical) forever and ever ``` αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”), whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye. Adverb aye (not comparable) (archaic) ever, always (compare Old English āwo, āwa, ā, ō, Middle Dutch ie, German je) from *aiwaz (“age; law”) compare Old English ǣ(w) (“law”) Old Norse æ (not comparable) ever, eternally, at any time Old English ǣ (upper case Æ) letter of the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) alphabet, listed in 24th and final position by Byrhtferð (1011); Called æsc (“ash tree”) after the Anglo-Saxon ᚫ rune ᚫ a rune of the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc, called æsc, representing /æ/ or /æː/ in Old English. The Elder Futhark rune is identical in shape, but considered a different character by Unicode (ᚨ) See also ᚬ the óss rune in the Younger Futhark. ᚬ A letter of the Runic alphabet, present in the Younger Futhark (called óss), representing /ɑ̃/ and sometimes /o/ or /oː/. From Old English æsc æsc (plural æscas) The symbol Æ, æ. ``` Old English: æsc æsċ m ash tree (poetic) spear ship the runic letter ᚫ the letter Æ, æ ``` from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (“ash”) Root *Heh₃s- ash tree ——————————————————- Suffix -κτονία • (-ktonía) f added to nouns to form a term indicating the killing of the first nouns; equivalent to English -cide: ‎πατέρας (patéras, “father”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎πατροκτονία (patroktonía, “patricide”) ‎αδελφός (adelfós, “brother”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎αδελφοκτονία (adelfoktonía, “fratricide”) ‎βρέφος (vréfos, “infant”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎βρεφοκτονία (vrefoktonía, “infanticide”) ‎βασιλιάς (vasiliás, “king”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎βασιλοκτονία (vasiloktonía, “regicide”) ‎άνθρωπος (ánthropos, “man”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎ανθρωποκτονία (anthropoktonía, “homicide”) ‎γένος (génos, “genus, race, family”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎γενοκτονία (genoktonía, “genocide”) ‎αυτό- (aftó-, “self”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎αυτοκτονία (aftoktonía, “suicide”) added to nouns to form a term indicating dying from the first noun: ‎λιμός (limós, “starvation”) + ‎-κτονία (-ktonía) → ‎λιμοκτονία (limoktonía, “death from starvation”) From Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “to kill”). Verb κτείνω • (kteínō) to kill, slay —————————————————————- ἀποκτείνω • (apokteínō) I kill, slay I condemn, put to death (judicial) κᾰτακτείνω • (katakteínō) to kill, slay —————————————————————— νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word (in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason (as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter from νέω (néō, “I spin”), here meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”. —————————————————————- ``` διανοητικός intellectual related to or referring to intellect mental Thoughtful , conceptual , mental , spiritual , cerebral . ``` ——————————————————————- συνεννοέω (sunennoéō, “to have in mind”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐννοέω (ennoéō, “to mean”). συνεννόηση • (synennóisi) f (plural συνεννοήσεις) communication Δεν υπάρχει συνεννόηση ανάμεσα σε παιδιά και γονείς σήμερα. Den ypárchei synennóisi anámesa se paidiá kai goneís símera. There's no communication between children and parents these days. understanding, agreement Έχουμε συνεννόηση μεταξύ μας. Échoume synennóisi metaxý mas. We have an understanding with each other. consultation, deliberation, exchange of views Οι χώρες της ΕΕ κάνουν συνεννοήσεις για το κυπριακό ζήτημα. Oi chóres tis EE kánoun synennoḯseis gia to kypriakó zítima. The countries of the EU are having deliberations on the Cyprus issue. collusion (secret agreement for an illegal purpose) Έχει συνεννόηση με τους εχθρούς μας. Échei synennóisi me tous echthroús mas. She's in collusion with our enemies. συνεννοούμαι • (synennooúmai) deponent (past συνεννοήθηκα) (intransitive) communicate (with), get on with (exchange information pleasantly/courteously) Πώς να συνεννοηθούν αφού ο ένας μιλά ισπανικά κι ο άλλος κινέζικα; Pós na synennoïthoún afoú o énas milá ispaniká ki o állos kinézika? How can they communicate with each other since one speaks Spanish and the other Chinese? Δεν μπορώ να συνεννοηθώ μ’ αυτήν την γυναίκα. Den boró na synennoïthó m’ aftín tin gynaíka. I can't get along with this woman. (intransitive) come to an understanding / agreement, agree to Είναι αδύνατον να συνεννοηθείς μαζί του, αφού επιμένει στις απόψεις του. Eínai adýnaton na synennoïtheís mazí tou, afoú epiménei stis apópseis tou. It's impossible to come to an agreement with him since he insists on his views. Συνεννοηθήκανε να του αγοράσουν αμάξι για τα γενέθλια. Synennoïthíkane na tou agorásoun amáxi gia ta genéthlia. They agreed to buy him a car for his birthday. (intransitive) deliberate, consult (consider carefully) Τα κόμματα συνεννοούνται για να βρουν άκρη στο ζήτημα. Ta kómmata synennooúntai gia na vroun ákri sto zítima. The parties are deliberating to come to an agreement on the issue. ασυνεννοησία f (asynennoïsía) ασυνεννόητος (asynennóitos) ενδοσυνεννόηση f (endosynennóisi, “intercommunication”) έννοια f (énnoia, “meaning; caring”) εννοιοκρατία f (ennoiokratía, “conceptualism”) (philosophy) εννοιολογικός (ennoiologikós, “semasiological”) εννοούμενος (ennooúmenos, “understood”, participle) προσυνεννόηση f (prosynennóisi, “agreement beforehand”) προσυνεννοούμαι (prosynennooúmai, “agree beforehand”) συνεννοημένος (synennoïménos, participle) συνεννόηση f (synennóisi, “understanding, communication”) συνεννοήσιμος (synennoḯsimos, “easy to communicate with”) συνεννοούμαι (synennooúmai, “communicate with, have mutual understanding”) ———————————————————————— ``` Synonyms (conceivable, comprehensible) κατανοητός (katanoïtós) καταληπτός (kataliptós) αντιληπτός (antiliptós) ``` (imaginary): φανταστικός (fantastikós), ιδεατός (ideatós) Antonyms (conceivable, comprehensible): ακατανόητος (akatanóitos, “incomprehensible”) ακαταλαβίστικος (akatalavístikos, “incomprehensible”) (imaginary): πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “real, true”) αισθητός (aisthitós, “tangible”) υπαρκτός (yparktós, “existing”) Related terms εννοώ (ennoó, “to mean”) νόημα n (nóima, “meaning, sense”) νοημοσύνη f (noïmosýni, “intelligence”)

Answer 751

SECULAR - WORDLY - KOSMOS - MUNDI (law-mind-will) κοσμικός secular -or -o referred to or derived from the world , the universe the cosmic radiation referring to social events the famous secular lady made her appearance at the shipowner's reception referring to society and not to the church or religion the secular state ``` κόσμος (“The world”) the universe the planet Earth the people , the society any set of people the guests the worldly as opposed to monasticism ( obsolete ) ornament ``` ———————————————————- Root *sek- to cut, cut off, sever Suffix *(Ø)-éyti Forms aktionsart verbs from roots. ``` secula f (genitive seculae); first declension a sickle ``` saeculum successive generations being linked together over time saeculum n (genitive saeculī); second declension race, breed generation, lifetime the amount of time between an occurrence and the death of the final person who was alive at, or witness to, that occurrence age, time century worldliness; the world Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Or, from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, knit, tie together, tie to, connect”) + *-tlom (instrumental suffix) (whence Latin -culum), in the sense of successive generations being linked together over time. Confer Lithuanian sėkla, Proto-Celtic *saitlom (“life, age”) in saecula saeculōrum (biblical, Christian liturgy) for ever and ever (literally, into ages of ages) calque of Ancient Greek εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων (eis toùs aiônas tôn aiṓnōn). εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνᾰς τῶν αἰώνων • (eis toùs aiônas tôn aiṓnōn) (Koine, biblical) forever and ever ``` αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”), whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye. Adverb aye (not comparable) (archaic) ever, always (compare Old English āwo, āwa, ā, ō, Middle Dutch ie, German je) from *aiwaz (“age; law”) compare Old English ǣ(w) (“law”) Old Norse æ (not comparable) ever, eternally, at any time Old English ǣ (upper case Æ) letter of the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) alphabet, listed in 24th and final position by Byrhtferð (1011); Called æsc (“ash tree”) after the Anglo-Saxon ᚫ rune ᚫ a rune of the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc, called æsc, representing /æ/ or /æː/ in Old English. The Elder Futhark rune is identical in shape, but considered a different character by Unicode (ᚨ) See also ᚬ the óss rune in the Younger Futhark. ᚬ A letter of the Runic alphabet, present in the Younger Futhark (called óss), representing /ɑ̃/ and sometimes /o/ or /oː/. From Old English æsc æsc (plural æscas) The symbol Æ, æ. ``` Old English: æsc æsċ m ash tree (poetic) spear ship the runic letter ᚫ the letter Æ, æ ``` from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (“ash”) Root *Heh₃s- ash tree

Answer 752

BRAIN ``` Noun μυαλό • (myaló) n (plural μυαλά) (anatomy) brain (plural) brains (used as food) brain (person providing interlectual input) mind head ``` εγκέφαλος • (egkéfalos) m (plural εγκέφαλοι) brain ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhalos) m (genitive ἐγκεφᾰ́λου); second declension brain heart of the date palm From ἐν- (en-, “in”) +‎ κεφᾰλή (kephalḗ, “head”) +‎ -ος (-os). κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension head a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line"). the top-most part the most important part (Byzantine) a provincial governor

Answer 753

``` SLAVE - THRALL - DOMESTICATE - DOMINATE - DOMICILE - DESPOT CHATTEL - CATTLE - HORNS UNWROUGHT SHEEP - BOVINE PUT OUT TO PASTURE - FEED - GRAZE THE GOOD SHEPHERD ``` εργάτης = worker Translations of slave Noun δούλος slave, bondman, fag, helot, thrall ανδράποδο slave Verb δουλεύω σκληρά drudge, slave Translations of work Noun εργασία work, labor, job, employment, business, operation έργο work, task, opus, doing, deed δουλειά slavery, work, job, business, servitude, serfdom Verb εργάζομαι work, operate, labor, labour δουλεύω work λειτουργώ (liturgy) operate, work, behave κατεργάζομαι process, tool, work —————————————————————- LITURGY λειτουργώ operate I perform the project for which I am made or intended (for institution or store) I offer services, I work transport is out of order due to the strike λειτουργῐ́ᾱ • (leitourgíā) f (genitive λειτουργῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) public service (religion) ministration From λειτουργός (“public servant”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun–forming suffix). λειτουργός • (leitourgós) m (genitive λειτουργοῦ); second declension public servant (religion) minister From λήϊτον (lḗïton, “town-hall, council-room”) +‎ -ουργός (“worker”), from λαός (laós, “people”) and ἔργον (érgon, “labor, work”). λήϊτον • (lḗïton) n (genitive ληΐτου); second declension (Achaean) town-hall, council-room λᾱός • (lāós) m (genitive λᾱοῦ); second declension people, people assembled, the people of a country the soldiers common people (as opposed to leaders or priests); the subjects of a prince from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂wos (“people (under arms)”) from *leh₂- (“military action”) —————————————————————- δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (genitive δούλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) born slave or bondman Synonym: ἀτμήν (atmḗn) ἀτμήν • (atmḗn) m (genitive ἀτμένος); third declension servant, slave Related to δμώς (dmṓs, “slave”) δμώς • (dmṓs) m (genitive δμωός); third declension male slave taken captive in war; male slave ``` δᾰμᾰ́ζω • (damázō) to tame, subdue, control (of women) to give in marriage (of women) to seduce or rape to subdue, conquer, rule over to kill to overpower ``` From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- Proto-Indo-European: *demh₂- Root *demh₂- to tame, domesticate Participle domitus (feminine domita, neuter domitum); first/second-declension participle tamed subdued, conquered, vanquished. Verb domō (present infinitive domāre, perfect active domuī, supine domitum); first conjugation I tame, break in I subdue, conquer, vanquish from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to domesticate, tame”) ``` domo m (plural domi) (literary) dome, vault (literary, figuratively) sky ``` from Ancient Greek δῶμα (dôma, “house; housetop, roof”). ``` δῶμᾰ • (dôma) n (genitive δώμᾰτος); third declension house chief room, hall (in the plural) a single house halls of the gods the nether world (figuratively) temple (δῶμα Καδμεῖον) Thebes housetop household, family ``` δεσπότης • (despótēs) m (genitive δεσπότου); first declension (Attic, Koine) master, lord (most commonly in the context of one who owns slaves) ruler, despot generally: owner from Proto-Indo-European *déms pótis (“master of the house”), from *dṓm (“house”), whence also Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos, “house”); and *pótis (“master”), whence also Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis, “husband”); with an ending influenced by -της (-tēs, masculine adjectival suffix). ——————————————————— https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrall Old Norse þræll m (genitive singular þræls, nominative plural þrælar) a slave From Old Norse þræll from Proto-Germanic *þragilaz, *þrahilaz, *þrēhilaz cognate with Old High German drigil (“servant”) Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan, “to run”). From the root *þreh-, *þreg-, *þrag- ‘to run’ from Proto-Indo-European *trāgʰ- (“pull, drag, race, run”). ``` Descendants Danish: træl c (Old Danish: thræl) Faroese: trælur m, trællur m Icelandic: þræll m Irish: tráill Middle Low German: drelle (loanword) Norwegian (Bokmål): trell m Norwegian (Nynorsk): træl m Old English: þrǣl m (loanword) Scottish Gaelic: tràill Swedish: träl c (Old Swedish þræl) ``` ``` Scottish Gaelic Etymology Borrowed from Old Norse þræll. Noun tràill m or f (genitive singular tràill or tràille, plural tràillean) slave addict drudge ``` ``` Noun tràillealachd f (genitive singular tràillealachd, plural tràillealachdan) slavery addiction drudgery ``` From Middle English, from Old French sclave, from Medieval Latin sclāvus (“slave”), from Late Latin Sclāvus (“Slav”), because Slavs were often forced into slavery in the Middle Ages.[1][2][3][4][5] The Latin word is from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos), see that entry and Slav for more. slave (plural slaves) A person who is held in servitude as the property of another person, and whose labor (and often also whose body and life) is subject to the owner's volition and control. (figuratively) A drudge; one who labors or is obliged (e.g. by prior contract) to labor like a slave with limited rights, e.g. an indentured servant. (figuratively) An abject person. Synonym: wretch (figuratively) One who has no power of resistance (to something), one who surrenders to or is under the domination (of something). a slave to passion, to strong drink, or to ambition (BDSM) A submissive partner in a BDSM relationship who (consensually) submits to (sexually and/or personally) serving one or more masters or mistresses. Hypernym: sub A sex slave, a person who is forced against their will to perform, for another person or group, sexual acts on a regular or continuing basis. (engineering, computing, photography) A device (such as a secondary flash or hard drive) that is subject to the control of another (a master). Synonyms: secondary, worker Antonyms: master, primary chattel (plural chattels) Tangible, movable property. A slave. From Middle English chatel from Old French chatel from Medieval Latin capitāle (English capital) from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”). Compare the doublet cattle (“cows”), which is from an Anglo-Norman variant. Compare also capital and kith and kine (“all one’s possessions”), which also use “cow” to mean “property”. cattle pl (normally plural, singular cattle) Domesticated bovine animals (cows, bulls, steers etc). Do you want to raise cattle? Certain other livestock, such as sheep, pigs or horses. (derogatory, figuratively) People who resemble domesticated bovine animals in behavior or destiny. (obsolete, English law, sometimes countable) chattel goods and cattle (uncountable, rare) Used in restricted contexts to refer to the meat derived from cattle. From Middle English catel from Anglo-Norman catel (“personal property”) from Old Northern French (compare French cheptel Old French chetel, chatel, also English chattel) from Medieval Latin capitāle, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) whence also capital, from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”) For the sense evolution, compare pecuniary and fee. ``` Adjective capitālis (neuter capitāle, comparative capitālior); third-declension two-termination adjective (relational) head or life deadly, mortal excellent ``` From caput (“head”) +‎ -ālis. Latin: caput caput n (genitive capitis); third declension (of human and animals) The head. (poetic) The head as the seat of the understanding. (transferred sense) (of inanimate things): (in general) The head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end). (of rivers) The origin, source, spring (head). (rare) (of rivers) The mouth, embouchure. (botany, sometimes) The root. Vine branches. (poetic) (of trees) The summit, top. (literature) A man, person, or animal. (figuratively): Physical life. Civil or political life. (very frequently) The first or chief person or thing; the head, leader, chief, guide, capital. (writing) A division, section, paragraph, chapter. Synonym: capitulum (New Latin, anatomy) A headlike protuberance on an organ or body part, usually bone. caput ulnae ― head of the ulna (New Latin, medicine) A disease; a severe swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn's scalp that develops as the baby travels through the birth canal. Capitalism capital (countable and uncountable, plural capitals) (uncountable, economics) Already-produced durable goods available for use as a factor of production, such as steam shovels (equipment) and office buildings (structures). (uncountable, business, finance, insurance) Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system. He does not have enough capital to start a business. (countable) A city designated as a legislative seat by the government or some other authority, often the city in which the government is located; otherwise the most important city within a country or a subdivision of it. Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States of America. The Welsh government claims that Cardiff is Europe’s youngest capital. (countable) The most important city in the field specified. (countable) An uppercase letter. (countable, architecture) The uppermost part of a column. (uncountable) Knowledge; awareness; proficiency. Interpreters need a good amount of cultural capital in order to function efficiently in the profession. (countable, by extension) The chief or most important thing. From Middle English capital, borrowed from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (in sense “head of cattle”), from caput (“head”) (English cap). Use in trade and finance originated in Medieval economies when a common but expensive transaction involved trading heads of cattle. Compare chattel and kith and kine (“all one’s possessions”), which also use “cow” to mean “property”. English Etymology 1 Literally, friends (“kith”) and cattle (“kine”). Compare Latinate capital and chattel, which also use “cow” to mean “property”, Noun kith and kine (archaic) Relatives and property; one's total possessions. kith (usually uncountable, plural kiths) (archaic or obsolete, uncountable) Friends and acquaintances. (Northern England, Scotland, rural, countable) An acquaintance or a friend. From Middle English kith (“kinsmen, relations”) from Old English cȳþþ, cȳþþu (“kinship, kinsfolk, relations”) from Proto-Germanic *kunþiþō (“knowledge, acquaintance”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Old High German kundida (“kith”), kundī (“knowledge”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌹 (kunþi, “knowledge”). More at couth, -th. cȳþþu f knowledge country which is known to oneself; native land, home From Proto-Germanic *kunþiþō, from *kunþ- (“known”) Adjective couth (comparative more couth, superlative most couth) Marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication; cultured, refined. Noun couth (usually uncountable, plural couths) Social grace, refinement, sophistication; etiquette, manners. That man has no couth. (rare) A person with social graces; a refined or sophisticated person. From Middle English cǒuth (“familiar, known; evident, true; famous, respected, well-known; genteel, having good manners”), from Old English cūþ (“familiar, intimate, known, usual; certain, plain, manifest; famous, noted, well-known; excellent; friendly; related”), past participle of cunnan (“to be familiar with, know; can, to be able, know how”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”) from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną (“to be familiar with, know, recognize; to be able, know how”) (compare *kunþaz (“known”) Latin gnosco (“to know”) Old Saxon kūth, cûth, cuð (“known; famous, renowned”) Old English: cunnan cunnan to know, to be familiar with Iċ wāt þæt hē hīe cann, ac iċ nāt hwanon. I know that he knows her, but I don't know from where. Iċ nime þone hring, þēah iċ þone weġ ne cunne. I will take the ring, though I do not know the way. Nāwiht nis hefiġre þonne dēad līchama. Atlas self ne cann þæt ġewiht. Nothing is heavier than a dead body. Atlas himself knows not the weight. Ne cūðe iċ hine wel, ac iċ cūðe hine oft. I didn't know him well, but I knew him often. (auxiliary) can, to know how Iċ cann ēow lǣran. I can teach you. Þrēo manna cynn sind: þā þe tellan cunnon and þā þe ne cunnon. There are three kinds of people: those who know how to count and those who don't. from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Old Dutch cunnan to know, to be familiar with (auxiliary) can, to be able to ``` Proto-Germanic: *kunnaną Verb *kunnaną to know, to be familiar with, to recognise to know how, to be able to ``` From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis) γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension inquiry knowledge fame synchronically from γιγνώσκω (“I know”) +‎ -σις (abstract noun). Cognate with Sanskrit दम्पति (dám-pati, “lord of the house”).

Answer 754

FEEL - SENCE ``` νιώθω I feel I experience an emotion Synonyms : I feel I feel ashamed, I feel pain I understand , I understand do you feel what you are saying? forebode I feel the danger (impassable) I perceive in a certain way my psychological state or my physical strengths and the state of my health How do you feel now? - Much better, thank you. ``` Related to: γνωρίζω — γιγνώσκω ancient greek γιγνώσκω νιώσιμο Tangible —————————————————— γιγνώσκω know I know , I understand I consider , I judge , I distinguish , I decide , I vote —————————————————— γνωρίζω 1. I am aware 2. I know (ξέρω) do you know a short way to get to the airport? 3. I recommend , I introduce a person to someone else for the first time. Or to meet you my girlfriend I meet someone for the first time Or I met his girlfriend recognize Or did you know my voice? ※ In know from the cutting action / sword awesome, in know from obsidian rainbow / WHO violence counts earth. ————————————————————- νοητική Cognitive Νόηση Cognition σκέψης Thinking γνώση γνώσης μάθηση νοητικά αντίληψη ————————————————————- ξέρω I know , para .: I knew , without brief tenses I know something or someone παραξέρω I wonder ————————————————————- CONCEPT Noun εννοιών • (ennoión) f (Etymology 2) Genitive plural form of έννοια (énnoia, “concept”). Noun έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) concept, meaning, essential features Mophologically from εν- (“in”) +‎ νους (nous, “mind”). From Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs, “mind, reason, understanding”). Noun νους • (nous) m (plural νόες) mind, brains κοινός νους (koinós nous, “common sense”) εγκέφαλος m (egkéfalos, “brain”) νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension (Attic) contracted form of νόος (nóos) ———————————————————— CONCEPTION Translations of conception Noun σύλληψη arrest, capture, conception, catch, apprehension, seizure ``` Noun σύλληψη • (sýllipsi) f (plural συλλήψεις) arrest, capture (the act or instance) conception (formation of a concept) conception (fertilisation of an egg) ``` From Ancient Greek σύλληψις (“grasping, comprehension”) from συλλαμβάνω (“bring together, gather, collect”). ένταλμα σύλληψης n (éntalma sýllipsis, “arrest warrant”) ένταλμα συλλήψεως n (éntalma syllípseos, “arrest warrant”) αντίληψη perception, conception, understanding, notion, comprehension, realization ιδέα idea, concept, notion, conception, view, ism ————————————————————- CONCEIVE ``` Verb σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (sullambánō) I collect, gather; I rally I take with me, carry off I put together, close, enclose I combine in pronunciation I comprise I take hold of, seize I apprehend, arrest I comprehend I receive at the same time I conceive a child I take with (e.g. as an assistant) (with dative of person) I assist (middle, with genitive of object) I take part in ``` ``` Verb συλλαμβάνω • (syllamváno) (past συνέλαβα, passive συλλαμβάνομαι) (law) arrest (take into custody) conceive develop an idea understand (intransitive) become pregnant receive, accept into the mind, understand (telecommunications) detect signals ``` λαβή • (laví) f (plural λαβές) handle hilt grip, handgrip, handhold, grasp ``` Noun λᾰβή • (labḗ) f (genitive λᾰβῆς); first declension handle, haft (as a pugilistic term) grip, hold (figuratively) handle, occasion attack of fever taking, accepting turn of a bandage (anatomy, in the plural) insertions, attachments of muscles eye of a needle ``` From λαμβάνω (“to take, grasp”) +‎ -ή (abstract noun). Noun σῠλλᾰβή • (sullabḗ) f (genitive σῠλλᾰβῆς); first declension conception, pregnancy that which holds together, i.e. a girdle that which is held together (grammar) several letters combined, syllable (music) the chord called the fourth συλλαβή • (syllaví) f (plural συλλαβές) (grammar, linguistics) syllable See also λήγουσα f (lígousa, “last syllable of a word”) παραλήγουσα f (paralígousa, “penultimate syllable in word”) προπαραλήγουσα f (proparalígousa, “antepenultimate syllable in word”) Adjective ὀλῐγοσῠ́λλᾰβος • (oligosúllabos) m or f (neuter ὀλῐγοσῠ́λλᾰβον); second declension of few syllables From ὀλῐγο- (“little, few”) +‎ σῠλλᾰβή (“syllable”) +‎ -ος (action noun). From σῠλ (with, together) + λᾰβή (handle, handgrip) Prefix ὀλῐγο- oligō- (little, few) Suffix -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. syllable (plural syllables) (linguistics) A unit of human speech that is interpreted by the listener as a single sound, although syllables usually consist of one or more vowel sounds, either alone or combined with the sound of one or more consonants; a word consists of one or more syllables. Meronyms: onset, nucleus, coda, rime The written representation of a given pronounced syllable. A small part of a sentence or discourse; anything concise or short; a particle. from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “I gather together”) from συν- (sun-, “together”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”). ————————————————————- ``` Noun ιδέα • (idéa) f (plural ιδέες) idea (model in the mind or intellect) idea (invention) opinion (judgement) impression (impression of character) ``` From Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”) from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”). ``` ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension form, shape look, appearance, semblance type, sort, class style notion, idea ``` ``` Verb εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like ``` ————————————————————- Noun ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry written account of such inquiries, narrative, history From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “I inquire”) from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”). Verb ῐ̔στορέω • (historéō) to inquire, ask (of someone, or regarding someone/something) to examine, observe to record, give an account of what one has learned ————————————————————- REMEMBER θυμάμαι Verb remember • ( thymamai ) deponent ( past remembered ) remember ``` θυμίζω I remind ( thymizo , " to remind " ) ``` ``` θυμίζω • (thymízo) (past θύμισα, passive —) remind Θύμισέ μου να φέρω τα λεφτά. Thýmisé mou na féro ta leftá. Remind me to get the money. ``` ενθυμούμαι remember, bethink, recollect θύμηση memory μνήμη Memory ανάμνηση memory, recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, evisceration, evocation αμνησία amnesia, forgetfulness μνήμη • (mnḗmē) f (genitive μνήμης); first declension Memory, remembrance From μνάομαι (mnáomai, “to be mindful of, remember”) +‎ -μη (-mē). μνημεῖον • (mnēmeîon) n (genitive μνημείου); second declension any memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing memorial of a dead person; a monument From μνήμη (mnḗmē, “memory”) +‎ -εῖον (-eîon) Suffix -εῖον • (-eîon) n (genitive -είου); second declension Forms nouns for instruments or means of action from noun-stems. Forms nouns of place. rom μνᾰ́ομαι (mnáomai, “I am mindful of”) +‎ -μη (-mē). Noun μνημείο • (mnimeío) n (plural μνημεία) memorial, monument μνημείο του πολέμου ― mnimeío tou polémou ― war memorial ``` Noun μνήμη • (mními) f (plural μνήμες) memory remembrance reminiscence ``` αμνημόνευτος (amnimóneftos, “immemorial”, adjective) αμνημοσύνη f (amnimosýni, “forgetfulness”) αμνήμων f (amnímon, “forgetful”) αμνησία f (amnisía, “amnesia”) αμνησικακία f (amnisikakía, “forgiveness”) αμνησίκακος (amnisíkakos, “forgiving”, adjective) αμνηστία f (amnistía, “amnesty”) μνήμα n (mníma, “tomb”) μνημείο n (mnimeío, “memorial, monument”) Verb μνάομαι • (mnáomai) to be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance to woo, court From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”) ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *men- to think, mind spiritual activity ``` ———————————————————- MONEY - MONITOR - ADMONISH Noun monēta f (genitive monētae); first declension mint, a place for coining money money, coinage From Monēta (“a surname of Juno, in whose temple at Rome money was coined; literally, adviser”) possibly from moneō (“warn, advise”). ``` Proto-Italic Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *mon-éye-, causative from *men-. Verb *moneō to remind, to warn ``` Verb moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation I warn, I advise I remind from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti causative from *men- (“to think”). ``` Derived terms admoneō commoneō ēmoneō Monēta monēta monitō monitor monitum monitus mōnstrō mōnstrum monubilis monumentum permoneō praemoneō prōmoneō remoneō submoneō/summoneō ``` ``` Verb admoneō (present infinitive admonēre, perfect active admonuī, supine admonitum); second conjugation I admonish I suggest, advise I persuade, urge I warn, caution From ad- +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). ``` Noun monitor m (genitive monitōris); third declension counselor, preceptor prompter, warner monitor m inan (computing) monitor (display device) causative from *men- (“to think”)] + -tor MENTOR Μέντωρ • (Méntōr) m (genitive Μέντορος); third declension Mentor, a mythological figures from Proto-Indo-European *méntōr, from *men- (“to think”). Cognate with Sanskrit मन्तृ (mantṛ, “advisor, counselor”). SUMMONS Verb summoneō (present infinitive summonēre, perfect active summonuī, supine summonitum); second conjugation Alternative form of submoneō Verb submoneō (present infinitive submonēre, perfect active submonuī, supine submonitum); second conjugation I remind or advise privily, give a hint. From sub- +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). Verb recommoneō (present infinitive recommonēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem (Late Latin) I remind again. re- +‎ commoneō (“remind”). commoneō (present infinitive commonēre, perfect active commonuī, supine commonitum); second conjugation I remind, I admonish, put in mind, impress upon, bring to recollection. From con- +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). Verb prōmoneō (present infinitive prōmonēre, perfect active prōmonuī, supine prōmonitum); second conjugation I warn or admonish further. From prō- +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). Verb remoneō (present infinitive remonēre, perfect active remonuī, supine remonitum); second conjugation I warn again, remind. From re- +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). Verb praemoneō (present infinitive praemonēre, perfect active praemonuī, supine praemonitum); second conjugation I admonish or remind beforehand, forewarn I foretell, predict, foreshow; foreshadow prae (“before”) +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). Verb permoneō (present infinitive permonēre, perfect active permonuī, supine permonitum); second conjugation (Late Latin) I admonish. per- +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). per- Intensifier Used to make adjectives or verbs that are "very" something. Verb ēmoneō (present infinitive ēmonēre, perfect active ēmonuī, supine ēmonitum); second conjugation I admonish, urge, exhort. From ex- (“out of”) +‎ moneō (“warn, advise”). —————————————————- NOSTALGIA - RECOLLECTION αναπόληση ἀνά (re- again) + πολέω (to turn around the pole) literally: return αναπόληση Nostalgia, recollection From ανα (re- again) + πόλη (city, polity) + η (abstract noun) reminiscence, contemplation, recollection recollection the action and effect him recollect , the preoccupation with a pleasant memory , the nostalgic recall the memory of some events pleasant / addictive recollection of a sweet memory (of an experience) ἀναπολέω / ἀναπολῶ < ἀνά + πολέω < πέλω πέλω I say , middle voice I say I am exist πολέω - πολῶ walk around ( transitional ) I plow , I turn the soil upside down πόλος pole each of the two extremes of the axis of rotation of the earth or other celestial body North Pole , South Pole each of the two ends of the earth 's magnetic field axis Earth's magnetic North Pole is not exactly the same as the geographic North Pole ( electrical ) each of the two ends of an electrical source , between which there is a potential difference the positive and negative poles of a battery hot or cold in a press tap battery the cold and hot pole of a battery ( Figuratively ) something that has pulling power This attraction is a tourist attraction part of the episcopal vestments head covering of the gods pole < ancient greek pole < pelo < From Indo-European root * kʷel- ( move , turn ) πολικός polar -or -o referring to the poles of the earth or the climate prevailing there polar regions, polar cold πολικότητα Polarity πολιτεία state, polity, commonwealth πολίτευμα constitution, polity, system of government, region ————————————————————- αγνοώ ignore passive ignore , share passive present : ignored , share passive adjacent ignored I do not know a subject Or he ignored even the most basic concepts on the subject I do not care about anyone, I despise Or he meets me on the street and ignores me , pretends not to see me I overlook I do not care about anything ( not necessarily derogatory ), I do not change my actions . I ignore the small spelling mistakes in your report. I forget them and I give you a good grade. σύν+οιδα συν + ειδέναι —————————————————— καταλαβαίνω I understand I understand medieval Greek I understand ancient Greek I occupy = against + I receive λαμβάνω receive I take , I accept (παίρνω, δέχομαι) locate the desired signal (εντοπίζω επιθυμητό σήμα) if anyone receives me, let me answer (by wireless) ( metaphorically ) I understand ((μεταφορικά) καταλαβαίνω) You are not receiving me today. (Δε με λαμβάνεις σήμερα) λαμβάνω ``` παίρνω, δέχομαι εντοπίζω επιθυμητό σήμα αν με λαμβάνει κανείς, ας απαντήσει (από ασύρματο) (μεταφορικά) καταλαβαίνω Δε με λαμβάνεις σήμερα. ``` ``` Related words λαβή — handle λήψη — download λήπτης — recipient ληπτός — received ληπτέος — Scholar, recipient of knowledge, that must be taken ληπτικός — recipient ``` ληπτέος ( Scholar ) that must be taken —————————————————— SHOW - POINT OUT σημαίνω From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “a mark”) ``` Verb σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` —————————————————— DOWN LOAD λήψη download what they receive , capture , acceptance taking the dose the energy of reception, parsing , acceptance ( sequentially ) capture an image , sound, or other signal the reception of the television signal is good. ``` κατεβάζω download κατέβαζα Future — θα κατεβάσω αόρ — κατέβασα (downloaded) Past Participle — κατεβασμένος (downloaded) ``` I move something from a higher point to a lower one ≠ antonyms : I raise , I raise he looked down ( Figuratively ) bate , abridge can you lower your voice ( metaphorically ) I do something cheaper lower the prices! (for means of transport) I disembark a passenger I will download you if you bother! ( in particular ) I go someone lower than where he is or in the city center can you take me down to town for shopping? I find ideas, solutions, right it came down to her , it does ( metaphorically ) ( popularly ) I eat or drink with greed at once he lowered his glass dismiss someone from his office I attribute to someone similar descriptions stupid raises me, stupid lowers me degrade you download the discussion a lot (in politics) I nominate someone as a candidate the rival faction brings down two new faces in the next elections (theater) I interrupt the performances due to the non-attendance of the audience (for river) I carry I enumerate , I accumulate verbally if we start downloading what we saw, it will take us a long time ( linguistics ) I transfer the tone from the preposition to the ending or the ending ( sports ) I present a team or athlete on the field the team will download the substitutes this time ( computer ) transfer files to the screen or computer hard drive I want to download files from the internet Related Words καταβίβαση κατέβασμα κατεβαίνω Climb down —————————————————— REALIZE αντιλαμβάνομαι Realize I understand something thanks to my senses I understand something through thought ``` συνειδητοποιώ From συν (together) + ειδη (see) + ποιώ (do) I realize ( passive voice : I realize ) I perceive ( well ) something that concerns me or exists around me, I acquire the relevant consciousness ``` consciousness < conscious + -o- + -making συνειδητοποιώ < συνειδητός + -ο- + -ποιώ —————————————————— CONSCIOUSNESS συνειδητός conscious (something) that is having awareness of what is happening with consciousness , perception and deliberately (for someone) who realizes his obligations and rights and acts accordingly ( materialized ) conscious Συνείδηση Consciousness συν-ειδέναι οίδα = γνωρίζω ``` Verb οἶδᾰ • (oîda) (transitive) to know, be acquainted with From Proto-Indo-European *wóyde from *weyd-. εἶδον (eîdon, “to see”) εἴδομαι (eídomai, “to seem”) ``` From Latin: vidi Verb vidi (third-person singular present vido, past participle veisto) (“to see”) From Latin vidēre, present active infinitive of videō. Latin: videō Verb videō (present infinitive vidēre, perfect active vīdī, supine vīsum); second conjugation I see, perceive; look (at) Videsne eum venire? ― Do you see him coming? Synonyms: spectō, speciō, vīsō I observe, note I understand, perceive, comprehend I look (at), consider, reflect (upon) I look out for, see to, care for, provide, make sure (passive) I am regarded, seem, appear (passive, used impersonally) It seems proper or right from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”). Consciousness is the cognitive ability of an organization which allows, in extension of his senses, know and understand itself, the environment, the onlooker [p 1] around and inside and has the sense of possible "Position" and its importance in the world as well as the impact of its actions. The conscious state as a direct, obvious, fundamental experience of life was for Rene Descartes the firm starting point [p 2] in his work on the "regeneration" of reality. Verb εἰδέναι • (eidénai) perfect active infinitive of οἶδᾰ (oîda) οἶδᾰ • (oîda) (transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something] (with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one's heart (transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something] (intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something] (transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something] (intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something] to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) (negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don't know if or whether, I doubt that (parenthetic) (a superlative is often followed by the phrase "ὧν ἴσμεν") σύνοιδᾰ • (súnoida) to share in knowledge of, be privy to to be conscious of, be cognizant of From συν- (with, together) +‎ οἶδα (to know how, to know that) Noun σῠνείδησῐς • (suneídēsis) f (genitive σῠνειδήσεως); third declension consciousness, perception of one's own thoughts consciousness of right or wrong, conscience From σύνοιδα (súnoida), + -σις (-sis) —————————————————— CAPITAL - CAPTURE - CAPTAIN perception (countable and uncountable, plural perceptions) The organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory information. Conscious understanding of something. perception of time Vision (ability) Acuity (cognition) That which is detected by the five senses; not necessarily understood (imagine looking through fog, trying to understand if you see a small dog or a cat); also that which is detected within consciousness as a thought, intuition, deduction, etc. from Latin perceptiō (“a receiving or collecting, perception, comprehension”), from perceptus (“perceived, observed”), perfect passive participle of percipiō (“I perceive, observe”); see perceive. Verb percipiō (present infinitive percipere, perfect active percēpī, supine perceptum); third conjugation iō-variant I seize or take on (entirely); assume; earn; occupy, keep (i.e. maintain control) I perceive, observe, notice I feel I learn, know, conceive, understand Verb capiō (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third conjugation iō-variant I take, I capture, I catch, I seize, I take captive, I storm I take on I hold, I contain I occupy, I possess I take hold of, I take possession of, I possess Metus mē cepit. ― Fear took hold of me. I take in, I comprehend, I understand I reach (usually indicates traveling by sea) I take in, I receive I get, I receive (said of property, value, money) I captivate, I charm, I fascinate, I enchant κᾰ́πτω • (káptō) to gulp down from Proto-Indo-European *kap-yé-ti, from *kap- (“seize, grab”). Root *kap- to seize, hold compare *gʰabʰ- (“to seize”) Proto-Indo-European Root *gʰeh₁bʰ- or *ǵʰeh₁bʰ- to grab, take ————————————————————— TO HAVE and TO HOLD Latin: habeō Verb habeō (present infinitive habēre, perfect active habuī, supine habitum); second conjugation I have, hold. Spero ut pacem habeant semper. I hope that they may always have peace. I own, have (possessions). I possess, have (qualities). Annos viginti habet. He is twenty years old. Literally: He has twenty years I retain, maintain. I conduct, preside over. I regard, consider or account a person or thing as something. in numerō habēre ― to rank Diemque cladis quotannis maestum habuerit ac lugubrem. And each year he considered the day of the disaster gloomy and mournful I accept, bear, endure. (of feelings, problems) I affect, trouble (someone). (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, auxiliary verb for perfect tense) I have Nec in publico vestimenta lavare, nec berbices tondere habeant licitum . They haven't allowed clothes to be washed in public, neither to shave sheep. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) want, will, shall, should Feri eum adhuc, nam si non feriveris, ego te ferire habeo. Hit him again, for if you don't, I shall hit you. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin, past imperfect with infinitive) would (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) I have to; I am compelled A patria Cathaloniæ se absentare habuerunt, et in fugam se constituerunt, ne justitia de ipsis fieret. They had to leave from the land of Cathalonia, and decided to escape, so that justice would not be made of them. (Medieval Latin, impersonal) there be Habet in Spinogilo mansum dominicatum cum casa et aliis casticiis sufficienter. There is a lord's villa in Spinogilo with a house and other buildings. —————————————————— CONSCIOUS conscious (adj.) c. 1600, "knowing, privy to" (poetic), from Latin conscius "knowing, aware," from conscire "be (mutually) aware," from assimilated form of com "with," or "thoroughly" (see con-) + scire "to know" (see science). The Latin word probably is a loan-translation of Greek syneidos. The sense of "knowing or perceiving within oneself, sensible inwardly, aware" is from 1630s, perhaps a shortening of conscious to oneself (1620s). Also compare the Latin sense evolution in conscience. From 1650s as "aware (of a fact)." Sense of "active and awake, endowed with active mental faculties" is from 1837. Related: Consciously. science (n.) mid-14c., "what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;" also "assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty," from Old French science "knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge" (12c.), From Latin: scientia "knowledge, a knowing; expertness" From Latin: sciens (genitive scientis) "intelligent, skilled" From present participle of Latin: scire "to know" probably originally "to separate one thing from another, to distinguish," related to scindere "to cut, divide" from PIE root *skei- "to cut, split;" ``` From Latin: scientia Noun scientia (plural scientias) science, knowledge From sciēns, present participle of sciō (“to know, understand”) +‎ -ia. ``` Latin: sciēns Participle Present active participle of sciō (“I can, know, understand”). sciēns (genitive scientis, comparative scientior, superlative scientissimus, adverb scienter); third-declension one-termination participle knowing, understanding conscious, aware knowledgeable, skilled (figuratively, of a woman) having sexual relations with a man. (adjective equivalent to an adverb) knowingly, purposely, consciously From Greek σχίζω - (skhizein) "to split, rend, cleave," Gothic skaidan Old English sceadan "to divide, separate" Latin: scīre Verb present active infinitive of sciō second-person singular present passive imperative of sciō second-person singular present passive indicative of sciō Latin: sciō sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation I can, know, understand, have knowledge. I know “carnally” Scīsne ubi habitēmus? Do you know where we live? from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, to dissect”). ``` Proto-Indo-European: *sek- Etymology From *sek- (“to cut”). Root *skey- to split, to dissect ``` ``` Greek: σχίζω Cleave σχῐ́ζω • (skhízō) I split, cleave I part, separate, divide I curdle milk (figuratively) I divide ``` from Proto-Indo-European *skid-yé-ti from *skeyd- (“to divide, split”). —————————————————— Verb γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō) make known (in passive: become known) learn, discover γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) know (something), be aware, recognize know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance From γνῶσις (“known”) +‎ -ίζω (-verb). γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension inquiry knowledge fame ``` Old Irish: gnóis Noun gnóis f (genitive singular gnóise) (Gnosticism, occult, etc.) gnosis agnóisíoch (“agnostic”, adjective) gnóisíoch (“gnostic”, adjective) gnóisíochas m (“gnosticism”) ``` gnosis (countable and uncountable, plural gnoses) (Gnosticism) an immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics act or process of knowing (occult) an altered state of awareness in which the will is magically effective. Gnosticism (countable and uncountable, plural Gnosticisms) A wide variety of Jewish and early Christian sects having an interest in gnosis, or divine knowledge, and generally holding the belief that there is a god greater than the Demiurge, or the creator of the world. Adjective Gnostic (not comparable) Of, or relating to, intellectual or spiritual knowledge Of, or relating to Gnosticism From Ancient Greek γνωστικός (“relating to knowledge”) from γνωστός (“known”) from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”). Adjective γνωστός • (gnostós) m (feminine γνωστή, neuter γνωστό) known familiar Noun γνωστός • (gnostós) m (plural γνωστοί) acquaintance, a person whom one knows; a familiar Noun άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (plural άγνωστοι) stranger (a person one does not know) (mathematics) unknown ``` Adjective άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (feminine άγνωστη, neuter άγνωστο) unknown, strange μνημείο του άγνωστου στρατιώτη ― mnimeío tou ágnostou stratióti ― memorial to the unknown soldier ``` Adjective αγνώριστος • (agnóristos) m (feminine αγνώριστη, neuter αγνώριστο) unrecognisable (UK), unrecognizable (US) αναγνωρίσιμος (anagnorísimos, “recognisable”) γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know, to meet”) —————————————————— DISCERN - CRISIS - CRITIC - HYPOCRITE Verb κρίνω • (kríno) (imperfect έκρινα, past έκρινα, passive κρίνομαι) passive past: κρίθηκα judge, assess, decide κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō) (transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people (transitive) To order, arrange To inquire, investigate To select, choose, prefer (transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision (middle, passive) To have a contest decided (middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something] To discern between good and bad To judge, pronounce To bring to court, accuse To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize κρῐ́σῐς • (krísis) f (genitive κρῐ́σεως); third declension decision, determination, judgment trial, sentence, accusation quarrel, dispute turning point or decisive point of disease progression Noun ῠ̔πόκρῐσῐς • (hupókrisis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐ́σεως); third declension reply, answer the part of an actor or orator: delivery, delivery, elocution, act outward show, hypocrisy, pretense From ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νομαι (hupokrī́nomai, “I answer”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). ``` Verb ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νομαι • (hupokrī́nomai) to answer to interpret (Attic) to dialogue, to answer on the stage; to play a part, be an actor (figuratively) to feign, to dissemble ``` Mediopassive of ῠ̔ποκρῑ́νω (hupokrī́nō) from ῠ̔πο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I pronounce”). Noun ῠ̔ποκρῐτής • (hupokritḗs) m (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ); first declension one who answers: interpreter, expounder (Attic) stage actor (figuratively) pretender, dissembler, hypocrite From ὑποκρίνομαι (“to play a part on stage”) +‎ -τής (agent noun). ``` Verb ἀποκρῑ́νω • (apokrī́nō) to separate, set apart to distinguish to choose to reject on inquiry (in middle voice) to answer, give answer, reply to answer charges, defend oneself to meet events, circumstances (passive) to be given as an answer (+ dative of agent) ``` ἀπό (“from, away from”) + κρίνω (“to separate, distinguish, judge”). δῐακρί̄νω From δια- (dia-) +‎ κρί̄νω (krí̄nō). ``` Verb δῐακρί̄νω • (diakrí̄nō) to separate, part to dissolve to distinguish to settle, decide (passive) to doubt, hesitate ``` διακρίνω distinguish, discern, detect, differentiate, descry ``` Adjective διακριτός • (diakritós) m (feminine διακριτή, neuter διακριτό) discernible discrete, distinct (mathematics) discrete ``` διακριτός (diakritós, “discrete”) Adjective ευδιάκριτος • (evdiákritos) m (feminine ευδιάκριτη, neuter ευδιάκριτο) distinguishable, discernible, distinct ευδιάκριτος (evdiákritos, “distinguishable, discernible”) ανακρίνω (anakríno, “interrogate”) ανταποκρίνομαι (antapokrínomai, “respond, meet expectation”) απεκκρίνω (apekkríno, “excrete”) αποκρίνομαι (apokrínomai, “respond”) αυτοκρίνομαι (aftokrínomai, “examine one's self”) διακρίνω (diakríno, “discent”) διευκρινίζω (diefkrinízo, “clarify”) εγκρίνω (egkríno, “approve”) εκκρίνω (ekkríno, “secrete”) επανακρίνω (epanakríno, “judge again”) επικρίνω (epikríno, “criticise”) κατακρίνω (katakríno, “reproach”) κριματίζω (krimatízo, “make someone sin”) κριτικάρω (kritikáro, “criticise”) λογοκρίνω (logokríno, “censor”) προανακρίνω (proanakríno, “make preliminary interrogation”) προκρίνω (prokríno, “mark out, choose as better”) συγκεκριμενοποιώ (sygkekrimenopoió, “make precise”) συγκρίνω (sygkríno, “compare”) υπερεκκρίνω (yperekkríno, “hypersecrete”) υποκρίνομαι (ypokrínomai, “pretend”) Other related words αιματοκρίτης m (aimatokrítis, “haemotocrit”) ακρισία f (akrisía, “lack of judgement”) ακριτομυθία f (akritomythía, “indiscretion”) ακριτόμυθος (akritómythos, “indiscreet, blabber”) άκριτος (ákritos, “unthinking, unjudged”) αυτοκριτική f (aftokritikí, “self-criticism”) βιβλιοκρισία f (vivliokrisía, “book review”) βιβλιοκριτικός m (vivliokritikós, “book reviewer”) δικαιοκρίτης m (dikaiokrítis, “who judges fairly”) (of God) ειλικρίνεια f (eilikríneia, “sincerity”) ειλικρινής (eilikrinís, “sincere”) εμπειριοκριτικισμός m (empeiriokritikismós) ενδοέκκριση f (endoékkrisi, “endocrine”) ενδοκρινής (endokrinís, “endocrine”) ενδοκρινολογία f (endokrinología, “endocrinology”) ενδοκρινολόγος m (endokrinológos, “endocrinlogist”) εξωκρινής (exokrinís, “exocrine”) ευθυκρισία f (efthykrisía, “straight judgement”) ευκρίνεια f (efkríneia, “clear visibility, resolution”) ευκρινής (efkrinís, “indicated in clear, easily recognizable”) θεοκρισία f (theokrisía, “god's judgement”) κρίμα n (kríma, “pity; misdeed”) κρίση f (krísi, “judgjement; crisis”) κρίσιμος (krísimos, “crucial; critical”) κρισιμότητα f (krisimótita, “criticality”) κριτήριο n (kritírio, “criterion”) κριτής m (kritís, “umpire, judge”) κριτική f (kritikí, “criticism; critique”) κριτικισμός m (kritikismós, “criticism, critical theory”) (philosophy) κριτικογραφία f (kritikografía) κριτικογράφος m (kritikográfos) κριτικός (kritikós, “critic”) κρίτρα n pl (krítra, “judge's fee”) μουσικοκριτικός m (mousikokritikós, “music critic”) ονειροκρίτης m (oneirokrítis) προκριματικός (prokrimatikós, “preliminary”) τεχνοκρίτης m (technokrítis, “art critic”) τεχνοκριτική f (technokritikí, “art criticism”) τεχνοκριτικός m (technokritikós, “art critic”) —————————————————— TO NAME ``` Verb ὀνομάζω • (onomázō) I speak of by name, address by name (of things) I name, specify I call one something I nominate I name after I say or give names I make famous ``` From ὄνομᾰ (“name”) +‎ -άζω (denominative verb suffix). ὀνομαίνω • (onomaínō) to name to utter, speak to nominate, appoint -αίνω Forms verbs indicating acquisition of a property Suffix -αίνω • (-aíno) usually produces verbs indicating acquisition of a property ‎ζεστός (zestós, “hot”) + ‎-αίνω (-aíno) → ‎ζεσταίνω (zestaíno, “to get hot”) ‎άρρωστος (árrostos, “ill”) + ‎-αίνω (-aíno) → ‎αρρωσταίνω (arrostaíno, “to be taken ill”) ``` -αίνω Forms verbs meaning (to make, to do what the “noun” implies) to make black to make hot to make solid ``` Suffix -αίνω • (-aínō) Originally found in verbs formed from nominal stems in -ᾰν- (-an-) plus Proto-Indo-European verbal suffixes *-yeti or *-yéti ‎μέλᾰν- (mélan-, “black”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎μελαίνω (melaínō, “to blacken”) ‎ποιμέν- (poimén-, “herdsman”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎ποιμαίνω (poimaínō, “to herd”) (< *poh₂imn̥yeti) And on nouns with original n-stem ‎ὀνόματ- (onómat-, “name”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎ὀνομαίνω (onomaínō, “to name”) (< *h₃nomn̥yeti) ‎σήματ- (sḗmat-, “sign”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎σημαίνω (sēmaínō, “to signify”) (< *dʰyeh₂mn̥yeti) Then added to other nominal stems ‎λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎λευκαίνω (leukaínō, “to make white”) ‎χαλεπός (khalepós, “hard, angry”) + ‎-αίνω (-aínō) → ‎χαλεπαίνω (khalepaínō, “to be angry”) —————————————————— COGNITION (co-gno-tio) cognition (n.) mid-15c., cognicioun, "ability to comprehend, mental act or process of knowing," from Latin cognitionem (nominative cognitio) "a getting to know, acquaintance, knowledge," noun of action from past participle stem of cognoscere "to get to know, recognize," from assimilated form of com "together" (see co-) + gnoscere "to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." In 17c. the meaning was extended to include perception and sensation. Latin: gnoscere From nōscō Verb nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation to become acquainted with something, learn about it Synonyms: intellegō, prehendō (in perfect tenses and past participle) I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge. Synonym: sciō (rare) to recognize someone, be familiar with Synonyms: recognōscō, cognōscō, agnōscō (euphemistic) to have had sex with, have ever slept with Synonym: cognōscō to accept a reason or excuse Synonyms: accipiō, cōnservō (Late Latin, Christian Latin) to acknowledge God, submit to Verb intellegō (present infinitive intellegere, perfect active intellēxī, supine intellēctum); third conjugation I understand, comprehend, realize, come to know. Synonym: tongeō I perceive, discern, see, observe, recognise; feel, notice. Synonym: discernō From inter (“between”) +‎ Proto-Italic *legō (“to collect, gather”). From Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect”). Verb *lego gather, collect Verb discernō (present infinitive discernere, perfect active discrēvī, supine discrētum); third conjugation I separate, set apart, divide, part. (figuratively, based upon a thing's qualities) I distinguish between, discern. (figuratively) I determine, settle. (figuratively) I except, omit DISCERN dis- (“asunder, in pieces, apart, in two”) +‎ cernō (“see, discern”) ``` Verb cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide ``` From Proto-Italic *krinō from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“sieve”). Cognate to Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō). from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti Verb *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti (imperfective) to recognise Proto-Indo-European Root *ǵneh₃- (perfective) to know Suffix *(Ø)-sḱéti Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots. -scō (present infinitive -scere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stem Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)". Greek : -σκω Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots. Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, (process of becoming) ——————————————————- COMPREHEND Verb prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehēnsum); third conjugation to lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch to detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of to take by surprise, catch in the act (of trees) I take root (poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain (poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye (figuratively, rare, of the mind) to seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp equivalent to prae- (“fore-, pre-”) +‎ *hendō (“to take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; akin to Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”), and English get.

Answer 755

DREAM όνειρο • (óneiro) n (plural όνειρα) dream (imaginary events seen while sleeping) ονειρεύομαι dream, dream up Noun όναρ • (ónar) n (archaic) Alternative form of όνειρο (óneiro, “dream”) Noun ενύπνιο • (enýpnio) n (plural ενύπνια) dream ενύπνιον • (enýpnion) n Katharevousa form of ενύπνιο (enýpnio) Noun ὄνειρος • (óneiros) m (genitive ὀνείρου); second declension dream anything which is dreamlike, unreal, fleeting ὄναρ • (ónar) n (genitive —); third declension dream Antonym: ὕπαρ (húpar) Noun ὕπᾰρ • (húpar) n (genitive —); third declension reality, real appearance seen in a state of waking Antonym: ὄναρ (ónar) Usage notes From Proto-Indo-European *súpr̥, generalized from the zero-grade of an r/n-stem of *swep- (“to sleep”) +‎ *-r̥, whence also ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”). Originally "sleep, dream"; the opposition to ὄναρ (ónar, “deceiving dream”), led to the meaning "true dream", whence "reality". The r-stem appears also in Hittite 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)/, “sleepy(?)”) and in Latin sopor (“deep sleep, catalepsy”). φαντάζομαι imagine, fancy, visualize, conceive, image form an opinion , assume , expect Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰ́ζω ( phantázō , “ make visible ” ) . ``` Verb φᾰντᾰ́ζω • ( phantázō ) to show ; to make visible ( in the mediopassive ) to place before one's mind , to picture to oneself, to imagine ( passive ) to become visible, appear to be heard to be terrified by visions or phantasms ``` From φᾰντός (phantós, “visible”) +‎ -ᾰ́ζω (verb), verbal adjective of φαίνω (phaínō, “I cause to appear, bring to light”). φαίνω • (phaínō) (transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal (transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose (of sound) (transitive) Ι show forth, expound (transitive) I denounce (intransitive) I shine, give light (passive) I appear; I shine I come into being I come about (copulative or control verb) I appear (to be) (φαίνεται as interjection) yes; so it appears; apparently (late, impersonal) it seems from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂nyéti, from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”) Proto-Indo-European Root *bʰeh₂- (imperfective) to shine, glow light Verb φᾰέθω • (phaéthō) I shine, I am radiant Latin: sopor Noun sopor m (genitive sopōris); third declension A deep sleep, sopor; sleep (in general); catalepsy. The sleep of death; death. (figuratively) Stupefaction; lethargy, stupor; drowsiness (figuratively) Laziness, indifference. (figuratively) Opium. (figuratively) A sleeping potion or draught; opiate. (figuratively) The temple (of the head). Proto-Indo-European: *swep- Root *swep- to sleep ``` Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 (šu-up-pa-ri) Etymology From Proto-Anatolian *supó. Verb[edit] 𒋗𒌒𒉺𒊑 • (šu-up-pa-ri) (3rd person singular present middle) to sleep ``` ``` from Old English slǣpan Sleep Antonym wacian to be/stay awake ``` ``` From Proto-West Germanic *wakēn. Verb *wakēn to wake, to be awake Not asleep; conscious. Synonyms: conscious, lucid, wide awake (figuratively, by extension) Alert, aware. Synonyms ``` Old English: wæcnan Verb wæcnan (transitive, intransitive) to wake up; to arise, come into being ``` Proto-Germanic Verb *waknaną to wake up, to awaken, to become awake *wakjaną (transitive) to wake up, to awaken *wakaną to wake, be awake, arise ``` From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful”). Cognate with Latin vegeō (“be quick, be aroused, be alert”). Root *weǵ- lively, awake strong ——————————————————— VIGOROUS Verb vegeō (present infinitive vegēre, perfect active veguī); second conjugation, no supine stem, limited passive (transitive) I move, excite, quicken, arouse. (intransitive) I am lively or active. causative verb from *weǵ- (“to be lively”) Adjective vegetus (feminine vegeta, neuter vegetum); first/second-declension adjective enlivened, lively, animated, vigorous, active, brisk, sprightly Verb vigeō (present infinitive vigēre, perfect active viguī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I am vigorous or thriving; thrive, flourish I am in honor, esteem or repute; prosper. I am alive, live. ανονείρευτος (anoneíreftos, “dreamless”, adjective) ονειρεμένα (oneireména, “dreamily, idyllically”) ονειρεμένος (oneireménos, “idyllic, undreamed of”) ονειρεύομαι (oneirévomai, “to dream about, to dream of”) ονειρευτός (oneireftós, “dreamlike”) ονειρικός (oneirikós, “dream, dreamy”) όνειρο n (óneiro, “dream”) ονειροκρίτης (oneirokrítis, “interpreter of dreams”) ονειρολογία f (oneirología, “oneirology”) ονειρολόγος m (oneirológos, “interpreter of dreams”) ονειρομαντεία f (oneiromanteía, “interpretation of dreams”) ονειρομάντης m (oneiromántis, “interpreter of dreams”) ονειρομαντικός (oneiromantikós, “interpretation of dreams”) ονειροπαρμένος (oneiroparménos, “starry eyed, in a dream world”) ονειροπόλα f (oneiropóla, “dreamer”) ονειροπόλημα (oneiropólima, “idle fancy, daydream”) ονειροπόλος m (oneiropólos, “dreamer”) ονειροπολώ (oneiropoló, “to daydream, to fantasize, to dream of”) ονειρώδης (oneiródis, “dream like, going like a dream”) ονείρωξη f (oneíroxi, “wet dream”) ————————————————————— THOUGHT Noun σκέψη thinking, thought, reflection, meditation, contemplation, speculation στοχασμός meditation, thought αναλογισμός thought ——————————————————————- CONSCIOUS Adjective συνειδητός conscious, qualmish ενσυνείδητος conscious συναισθανόμενος conscious γνωρίζων aware, knowing, conscious όποιος έχει επίγνωση conscious συνειδώς conscious ( scholar , psychology ) synonymous with consciousness. ``` εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods ```

Answer 756

CRITICIZE - JUDGE - DISCERN Separating the grain from the chaff. Parable of the Tares. ``` κρίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: krinó Phonetic Spelling: (kree'-no) Definition: to judge, decide Usage: (a) I judge, whether in a law-court or privately: sometimes with cognate nouns emphasizing the notion of the verb, (b) I decide, I think (it) good. ``` 2919 krínō – properly, to separate (distinguish), i.e. judge; come to a choice (decision, judgment) by making a judgment – either positive (a verdict in favor of) or negative (which rejects or condemns). J. Thayer comments that "the proper meaning of 2919 (krínō) is to pick out (choose) by separating" (as also used in Homer, Herodotus, Aeschyl., Xenophon, Plato). 2919 /krínō ("distinguish, judge") typically refers to making a determination of right or wrong (innocence or guilt), especially on an official (legal) standard. We only judge (2919 /krínō) accurately by intelligent comparison and contrast based on God's word, i.e. to approve (prefer) what is correct and reject what is inferior (wrong). [2919 (krínō) is used of "bringing to trial" (the trying of fact) in a court of law. 2919 (krinō) originally meant "separate." So Homer, of Ceres separating the grain from the chaff (Iliad, v, 501). Thence, 'to distinguish, to pick out, to be of opinion, to judge' " (WS, 418).]

Answer 757

CRITICAL THOUGHT - ABLE TO JUDGE CORRECTLY Adjective κρῐτῐκός • (kritikós) m (feminine κρῐτῐκή, neuter κρῐτῐκόν); first/second declension Able to judge, discerning, critical (Especially as a substantive concerning language): critic, grammarian, academic. From κρῐτής (kritḗs, “judge”) +‎ -ῐκός (-ikós) from κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “I judge”).

Answer 758

DISTINCT - DISCREET - DISTINGUISH distinct, -or, -o that can be discerned , perceived There is a distinct difference between the positions of the two parties. ( mathematics ) that can take a value from a finite and predetermined number of values. distinct < distinguish + -tos (( semantic loan ) French distinct ) distinct (adj.) late 14c., “not identical, not the same," also... "clearly perceptible by sense," past-participle adjective from obsolete distincten (c. 1300) “to distinguish one thing from another; make distinct," from Old French distincter from Latin distinctus, past participle of distinguere "to separate between, keep separate, mark off" (see distinguish). Meaning "plain and intelligible to the mind" is from c. 1600. Related: Distinctness. Verb distinguere (transitive) to distinguish, discern, discriminate (transitive) to mark, indicate —————————————————— From dis- +‎ stinguō. From Latin: stinguō Verb stinguō (present infinitive stinguere); third conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem I put out, extinguish. From Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push, thrust”) *stegʷ- (“to thrust, strike”) Proto-Indo-European Root *stengʷ- to push ``` Proto-Germanic Verb *stinkwaną to hit; thrust; clash to emit a smell; stink ``` Prefix dis- asunder, apart, in two dīmittō ― dismiss, disband discēdō ― part, separate, reversal, removal dissimulō ― disguise, conceal, utterly, exceedingly differtus ― stuffed full

Answer 759

DISTINGUISH distinguish , passive: distinguish , passive share : distinguished I see , I perceive with my senses I saw a figure moving in the fog I stand out in categories finding the different features I can distinguish the honest from the hypocrites characterize to distinguish sincerity and uprightness. diakrinó: to distinguish, to judge ``` Original Word: διακρίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: diakrinó Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ak-ree'-no) Definition: to distinguish, to judge Usage: I separate, distinguish, discern one thing from another; I doubt, hesitate, waver. ``` 1252 diakrínō (from 1223 /diá, "thoroughly back-and-forth," which intensifies 2919 /krínō, "to judge") – properly, investigate (judge) thoroughly – literally, judging "back-and-forth" which can either (positively) refer to close-reasoning (descrimination) or negatively "over-judging" (going too far, vacillating). Only the context indicates which sense is meant. [1252 (diakrínō) "literally means, 'to separate throughout or wholly' (dia, 'asunder,' krinō, 'to judge,' from a root kri, meaning 'separation'), then, to distinguish, decide" (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 125).]

Answer 760

Attention From προσέχω (prosékhō, “to guard against”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix). ``` As an interjection προσοχή • (prosochí) attention, be careful, watch out Προσοχή! Το δέντρο πέφτει. Prosochí! To déntro péftei. Watch out! The tree is falling! (military) attention (drill order) Noun ``` Noun προσοχή • (prosochí) f (uncountable) attention, focus Μην του αποσπάς την προσοχή όταν οδηγάει. Min tou apospás tin prosochí ótan odigáei. Don't distract his attention while he's driving. attention, care Οι δίσκοι μου χρειάζονται προσοχή και φροντίδα. Oi dískoi mou chreiázontai prosochí kai frontída. My records need attention and care. Το αυτοκίνητό μου θέλει προσοχή. To aftokínitó mou thélei prosochí. My car needs care. (military) attention (upright pose with hands rigidly at side) Declension Synonyms Edit (attention, care): επιμέλεια f (epiméleia), πρόνοια f (prónoia), επαγρύπνηση f (epagrýpnisi) Antonyms Edit (attention!): ανάπαυση f (anápafsi, “at ease”) has Verb Edit προσέχω • (prosékhō) I hold to, offer, I bring to quotations ▼ I bring a ship near a place, bring it to port, I put in, touch at a place, (absolute) I land quotations ▼ I turn to or towards a thing, I turn my mind, thoughts, attention to a thing quotations ▼ I give heed to myself, I am on my guard against quotations ▼ I devote myself to a thing quotations ▼ (with infinitive) I expect to do I continue quotations ▼ (middle) I attach myself to a thing, cling or cleave to it quotations ▼ (figuratively) I devote myself to the service of any one quotations ▼ (passive) I am held fast by a thing, attached to it quotations ▼ I have besides or in addition quotations ▼

Answer 761

Apprehension From Ancient Greek σύλληψις (súllēpsis, “grasping, comprehension”), from συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “bring together, gather, collect”). Noun Edit σύλληψη • (sýllipsi) f (plural συλλήψεις) arrest, capture (the act or instance) conception (formation of a concept) conception (fertilisation of an egg)

Answer 762

INTELLIGENCE νοημοσύνη intelligence εξυπνάδα intelligence, cleverness, cuteness, smartness, cunning, shrewdness πληροφορία information, intelligence, communication, advice, reference, dope είδηση word, tidings, notice, intelligence, communication νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”) δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”) τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”) Noun νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα) sense, meaning gesture Noun σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες) (lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word) Tο ρήμα «τρέχω» έχει πολλές σημασίες. To ríma «trécho» échei pollés simasíes. The verb “trécho” has many meanings. κυριολεκτική σημασία ― kyriolektikí simasía ― literal sense μεταφορική σημασία ― metaforikí simasía ― figurative sense significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters) έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: "to give significance") σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”) Verb σημαίνω • (simaíno) (past σήμανα, passive —) mean, signify Αλλά αυτό δεν σημαίνει ότι γυρνάμε στο «business as usual». Allá aftó den simaínei óti gyrnáme sto «business as usual». This doesn't mean that we're going back to “business as usual”. Νερό σημαίνει υγεία: Μάθετε τα «μυστικά» του και πιείτε περισσότερο. Neró simaínei ygeía: Máthete ta «mystiká» tou kai pieíte perissótero. Water means health: Learn its “secrets” and drink more of it. ring, sound (nautical) signal ————————————————————— ``` Verb σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself ``` σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension mark, sign, token a sign from the gods, an omen, portent a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin a token by which one's identity or commission was certified a constellation From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥ from *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”). ——————————————————- LATIN intellegentia f (genitive intellegentiae); first declension intelligence, the power of discernment understanding, knowledge taste, skill, the capacity to be a connoisseur ``` Noun intellēctus m (genitive intellēctūs); fourth declension comprehension, understanding meaning, sense intellect reason, discerning ``` From intellegō (“I understand; perceive”). Verb intellegō (present infinitive intellegere, perfect active intellēxī, supine intellēctum); third conjugation I understand, comprehend, realize, come to know. Synonym: tongeō I perceive, discern, see, observe, recognise; feel, notice. Synonym: discernō From inter (“between”) +‎ Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”). ``` Proto-Italic Etymology 1 From Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect”). Verb *legō gather, collect ``` From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- (“to care for, observe, revere”) Ancient Greek: ἀλέγω (alégō, “to care, mind, heed”) Latin: *religo (“to observe”) ⇒ Latin: religio (“reverence”) Verb ἀλέγω • (alégō) (intransitive, usually negated) to care [+genitive] to care for cognate with Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”) (in Latin neglego (“to neglect”) and perhaps Latin religio (“reverence”)). Verb neglegō (present infinitive neglegere, perfect active neglēxī, supine neglēctum); third conjugation I neglect, overlook, pass over Si versus horum duorum poetarum neglegetis, magna parte litterarum carebitis. If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature. I am indifferent to, disregard, ignore, slight, neglect. I despise, condemn. From nec (“not”) + Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”). negligo first-person singular present indicative of negligere Verb negligere (transitive) to neglect to do something, neglect to take something into consideration Verb perlegō (present infinitive perlegere, perfect active perlēgī, supine perlēctum); third conjugation I view all over, examine thoroughly, scan, survey. I read through or over, read to the end; read aloud. Verb praelegō (present infinitive praelegere, perfect active praelēgī, supine praelēctum); third conjugation I read something to others, recite, set an example in reading, lecture upon an author. I pick or choose out, select. I sail by or along somewhere, skirt. From prae- (“before”) +‎ legō (“read”). Verb relegō (present infinitive relegere, perfect active relēgī, supine relēctum); third conjugation I gather, collect again, recover. I travel, traverse or sail over or through again. I go over or go through again in reading, speech, thought, read, relate or recite again, revise, recount. Verb relēgō (present infinitive relēgāre, perfect active relēgāvī, supine relēgātum); first conjugation I despatch, send away. I banish, remove to a distance. (figuratively) I put aside, reject, remove; shift. (figuratively) I refer (to a book or author), attribute, ascribe. I bequeath. From re- (“back, again”) +‎ lēgō (“send, dispatch”). From re- (“again”) +‎ legō (“choose, gather”). Verb sēligō (present infinitive sēligere, perfect active sēlēgī, supine sēlēctum); third conjugation I separate by culling out; pick or choose out, select, cull. From sē- (“without; apart, aside”) +‎ legō (“read; gather; choose”). Verb sublegō (present infinitive sublegere, perfect active sublēgī, supine sublēctum); third conjugation I gather or pick up or from below, gather or search for underneath. I take away secretly or by stealth; listen to secretly. I choose or elect in the place of another, appoint, substitute. From sub- (“under, beneath; behind”) +‎ legō (“gather, choose”). Verb dīligō (present infinitive dīligere, perfect active dīlēxī, supine dīlēctum); third conjugation I esteem, prize, love, have regard for. I sunder by choosing, I single (something) out, I distinguish (something) by selecting it from among others. From dis- (“apart, asunder”) +‎ legō (“to choose, to take”), perhaps influenced by Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”). Noun dīligentia f (genitive dīligentiae); first declension diligence, care, attentiveness, discipline economy, frugality, thrift From dīligēns (“diligent, careful, attentive”) +‎ -ia Etymology Present active participle of dīligō (“esteem, love”) Participle[edit] dīligēns (genitive dīligentis, comparative dīligentior, superlative dīligentissimus, adverb dīligenter); third-declension one-termination participle diligent, careful, attentive Etymology 1 con- +‎ legō (“bring together, gather, collect”) Verb[edit] colligō (present infinitive colligere, perfect active collēgī, supine collēctum); third conjugation I gather, draw, bring or collect (together), assemble, pick up; contract, draw up, compress, concentrate; harvest. I make thick, thicken; bind or mass together. I get, gain, acquire, produce, collect. I think upon, weigh, consider; deduce, conclude, infer, gather. (in a reflexive sense) I collect or compose myself, recover my courage or resolution. (of a number, chiefly a distance) I amount or come to, extend; am reckoned (in a passive sense). Verb allegō (present infinitive allegere, perfect active allēgī, supine allēctum); third conjugation I select, choose, recruit, elect or admit (to or into something) Verb allēgō (present infinitive allēgāre, perfect active allēgāvī, supine allēgātum); first conjugation I send someone away with a commission or charge, despatch, depute, employ, commission I instigate someone to an act of fraud or deceit I bring forward, relate, recount, mention, adduce; urge, plead From ad- +‎ lēgō (“despatch”). Prefix ad- again, back, re- ‎ad- + ‎llais (“voice”) → ‎adlais (“echo”) ‎ad- + ‎talu (“to pay”) → ‎ad-dalu (“to refund”) ‎ad- + ‎blas (“taste”) → ‎adflas (“aftertaste”) Synonym: ail- affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word ‎ad- + ‎cas (“hated, nasty”) → ‎atgas (“hateful, detestable”) ad- ad- (near; at)

Answer 763

INDICATE - INDEX ``` Verb δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove ``` Verb δεικνύω • (deiknýo) (past έδειξα) Katharevousa form of δείχνω (deíchno, “to indicate, to demonstrate”) Suffix -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs ``` Verb δείχνω • (deíchno) (past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai) ``` Verb indicate (third-person singular simple present indicates, present participle indicating, simple past and past participle indicated) To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known. The guard blew his whistle to indicate imminent departure. To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies. Great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants. To signal in a vehicle the desire to turn right or left. To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator. From Latin indicatus, past participle of indicāre (“to point out, indicate”), from in (“in, to”) + dicāre (“to declare, originally to point”); see diction. Compare index. ``` Verb dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative I say, utter; mention; talk, speak Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”) Synonyms: āiō, for, loquor I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell I appoint, name, nominate (to an office) I call, name (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I mean, speak in reference to, refer to ``` From Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”) (reformed as a thematic verb). The perfect forms are derived from Proto-Indo-European *dḗyḱst. Cognates include Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “to show, point out”), Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) and Old English tǣċan (English teach). ``` ᾰ̓νᾰδείκνῡμῐ (anadeíknūmi) ᾰ̓νᾰπόδεικτος (anapódeiktos) ᾰ̓ντᾰποδείκνῡμῐ (antapodeíknūmi) ᾰ̓ντεπῐδείκνῡμῐ (antepideíknūmi) ᾰ̓ποδείκνῡμῐ (apodeíknūmi) ᾰ̓ρῐδείκετος (arideíketos) δᾰκτῠλοδεικτέω (daktulodeiktéō) δεῖγμᾰ (deîgma) δειγμᾰτῐ́ζω (deigmatízō) δείκελον (deíkelon) δείκηλον (deíkēlon) δεικτέον (deiktéon) δεικτέος (deiktéos) δεικτῐκός (deiktikós) δεικτός (deiktós) δῐᾰδείκνῡμῐ (diadeíknūmi) ἐκδείκνῡμῐ (ekdeíknūmi) ἐνᾰποδείκνῠμαι (enapodeíknumai) ἐνδείκνῡμῐ (endeíknūmi) ἐνδεικτῐκός (endeiktikós) ἐπίδειγμᾰ (epídeigma) ἐπῐδείκνῡμῐ (epideíknūmi) κᾰτᾰδείκνῡμῐ (katadeíknūmi) πᾰράδειγμᾰ (parádeigma) πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐ́ζω (paradeigmatízō) πᾰρᾰδείκνῡμῐ (paradeíknūmi) πᾰρεπῐδείκνῠμαι (parepideíknumai) προᾰποδείκνῡμῐ (proapodeíknūmi) προδείκνῡμῐ (prodeíknūmi) προσᾰποδείκνῡμῐ (prosapodeíknūmi) σῠνῠποδείκνῡμῐ (sunupodeíknūmi) ῠ̔πόδειγμᾰ (hupódeigma) ῠ̔ποδείκνῡμῐ (hupodeíknūmi) ``` αναδεικνύω (anadeiknýo, “emphasise, to show off”) αναδείχνω (anadeíchno, “emphasise”) (informal) ανταποδεικνύω (antapodeiknýo, “disprove”) αντενδείκνυμαι (antendeíknymai, “be inappropriate”) αποδεικνύω (apodeiknýo, “to prove”) αποδείχνω (apodeíchno, “to prove”) (informal) ενδείκνυμαι (endeíknymai, “be appropriate”) ενδεικνύομαι (endeiknýomai, “be appropriate”) επιδεικνύω (epideiknýo, “to show, to show off”) καταδεικνύω (katadeiknýo, “to demonstrate, illustrate”) υποδεικνύω (ypodeiknýo, “to indicate, to suggest”) υποδείχνω (ypodeíchno, “to indicate”) (informal) ``` αναπόδεικτος (anapódeiktos, “unproven”) αναπόδειχτος (anapódeichtos) αποδεικτικός (apodeiktikós, “proving”) αυταπόδεικτος (aftapódeiktos, “self-evident”) δακτυλοδεικτούμενος (daktylodeiktoúmenos) δαχτυλοδεικτούμενος (dachtylodeiktoúmenos) δείκτης m (deíktis, “indication”) δεικτικός (deiktikós, “indicating”) δείχτης (deíchtis) & compounds δυσκολοαπόδεικτος (dyskoloapódeiktos) δυσκολοαπόδειχτος (dyskoloapódeichtos) ενδεικτικός (endeiktikós) επιδεικτικός (epideiktikós) ευκολοαπόδεικτος (efkoloapódeiktos) ευκολοαπόδειχτος (efkoloapódeichtos) ``` ανάδειξη f (anádeixi, “distinction”) αντένδειξη f (anténdeixi, “counterindication”) απόδειξη f (apódeixi, “receipt”) ένδειξη f (éndeixi, “indication”) επίδειξη f (epídeixi, “demonstration”) & related κατάδειξη f (katádeixi) υπόδειξη f (ypódeixi, “recommendation”) αποδεδειγμένος (apodedeigménos, participle) δείγμα (deígma, “sample”) & related ενδεδειγμένος (endedeigménos, participle) and see: δεικνύω (deiknýo, “indicate”)

Answer 764

DIVINE POWER - SACRED ιερός -ή -ό That which has great religious value and is treated with respect and awe which has great power or divine power. it has no sanctuaries and saints , it has neither sanctuaries nor saints : it respects nothing, it has no moral inhibitions. Holy, Holy , Holy (in the positive degree) strong , thriving , wonderful , uncle , established in god one who is under the protection of a god, or gods ἱεράομαι - ἱερῶμαι ( συνηρημένο ) I become a priest I serve god, or gods ἱερεύω I'm a priest, I'm a priestess. sacrifice to god, or gods ἱερατεύω I'm a priest, I'm a priestess. I am a minister of god, or gods ἱερεύς Priest male priest sacrificer ———————————————————- θυσιαστής sacrificer he who makes a sacrifice θῠσῐ́ᾱ • (thusíā) f (genitive θῠσῐ́ᾱς); first declension offering, sacrifice, a sacrificing victim, offering From θύω (thúō, “I sacrifice”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). ``` Verb θῡ́ω • (thū́ō) I offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate I kill, slaughter (in a general sense) (middle) I cause to be sacrificed I consult (of oracles, prophets, etc) I celebrate ``` θύω • (thúō) I rush in, storm, rage, seethe (in general of violent movements) Unclear, but may be related to θῡμός (thūmós), Latin suffiō, Hittite [script needed] (tuhhae, “pant, sigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to fume; smoke, vapor, breath”), or alternatively from *dʰews- (“to breathe; breath, spirit, living being”). θῦμᾰ • (thûma) n (genitive θύμᾰτος); third declension victim, sacrifice (especially animals) (in the plural) animals slaughtered for food act of sacrifice θύμα • (thýma) n (plural θύματα) victim (of accident; of murder; of violent or malicious act; etc) εξιλαστήριο θύμα (exilastírio thýma, “scapegoat”) θυματολογία (thymatología, “victimology”) θύελλα • (thúella) f (genitive θῠέλλης); first declension hurricane, squall Synonym: ζᾰ́λη (zálē) thunderstorm (meteorology) storm, tempest, gale, hurricane (strong winds with rain) (figuratively) storm, barrage, slew, onslaught (strong amount) Compare Latin furō furō (present infinitive furere, perfect active furuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I rave or rage From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) Used to calque Greek Ἐρινύς (Erinús), spirits of punishment in mythology. Ἐρῑνῡ́ς • (Erīnū́s) f (genitive Ἐρινύος); third declension one of the Erinyes; an Erinys Noun θῠτήρ • (thutḗr) m (genitive θῠτῆρος); third declension sacrificer, slayer From θύω (thúō, “to sacrifice, slay”) +‎ -τήρ (-agent noun). ``` ASHES to ASHES - DUST to DUST Proto-Indo-European Etymology Seemingly related to *dʰewh₂- (“(to emit) smoke, vapor, mist, haze”), with which there may be confusion in some descendants. Root *dʰwes- to breathe (in or out) breath spirit, soul > creature ``` Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”) Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”) Lithuanian: daũsos f pl (“air; skies; heaven”) Gaulish: dusios (“phantasm”) Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”) Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”) Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”) Sanskrit: ध्वंसति (dhváṁsati, “he falls to dust”) Latvian: dust

Answer 765

SACRIFICE - VICTIM - VICTOR - WITCH θυσιαστής sacrificer he who makes a sacrifice θῠσῐ́ᾱ • (thusíā) f (genitive θῠσῐ́ᾱς); first declension offering, sacrifice, a sacrificing victim, offering From θύω (thúō, “I sacrifice”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). ``` Verb θῡ́ω • (thū́ō) I offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate I kill, slaughter (in a general sense) (middle) I cause to be sacrificed I consult (of oracles, prophets, etc) I celebrate ``` θύω • (thúō) I rush in, storm, rage, seethe (in general of violent movements) Unclear, but may be related to θῡμός (thūmós), Latin suffiō, Hittite [script needed] (tuhhae, “pant, sigh”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to fume; smoke, vapor, breath”), or alternatively from *dʰews- (“to breathe; breath, spirit, living being”). θῦμᾰ • (thûma) n (genitive θύμᾰτος); third declension victim, sacrifice (especially animals) (in the plural) animals slaughtered for food act of sacrifice θύμα • (thýma) n (plural θύματα) victim (of accident; of murder; of violent or malicious act; etc) εξιλαστήριο θύμα (exilastírio thýma, “scapegoat”) θυματολογία (thymatología, “victimology”) θύελλα • (thúella) f (genitive θῠέλλης); first declension hurricane, squall Synonym: ζᾰ́λη (zálē) thunderstorm (meteorology) storm, tempest, gale, hurricane (strong winds with rain) (figuratively) storm, barrage, slew, onslaught (strong amount) Compare Latin furō furō (present infinitive furere, perfect active furuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem I rave or rage From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) Used to calque Greek Ἐρινύς (Erinús), spirits of punishment in mythology. Ἐρῑνῡ́ς • (Erīnū́s) f (genitive Ἐρινύος); third declension one of the Erinyes; an Erinys Noun θῠτήρ • (thutḗr) m (genitive θῠτῆρος); third declension sacrificer, slayer From θύω (thúō, “to sacrifice, slay”) +‎ -τήρ (-agent noun). ``` ASHES to ASHES - DUST to DUST Proto-Indo-European Etymology Seemingly related to *dʰewh₂- (“(to emit) smoke, vapor, mist, haze”), with which there may be confusion in some descendants. Root *dʰwes- to breathe (in or out) breath spirit, soul > creature ``` Germanic: *deuzą (“animal”) Germanic: *deuzaz (“wild, fierce, bold”) Lithuanian: daũsos f pl (“air; skies; heaven”) Gaulish: dusios (“phantasm”) Lithuanian: dvė̃sti (“to breathe (out), exhale, blow, sigh; to breathe one's last, perish”) Latvian: dvèst (“to breathe (heavily), cough”) Old Church Slavonic: из-дъшє (iz-dŭše, “to breathe one's last, die”) Sanskrit: ध्वंसति (dhváṁsati, “he falls to dust”) Latvian: dust ————————————————————- VICTIM Noun victima victim, sacrifice, beast for sacrifice hostia victim, sacrifice, sacrificed animal piaculum atonement, penance, sin, victim, sacrifice, rite litatio sacrifice, victim, prey, lustrum, immolation agonium victim ``` victima f (genitive victimae); first declension sacrificial victim ``` From Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to choose, separate out, set aside as holy, consecrate, sacrifice”), same source as Proto-Germanic *wīhą (“sacred place or thing”) (Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs)) and English witch. From Middle English wicche, from Old English wiċċe (“witch (female), sorceress”) and wiċċa (“witch (male), sorcerer, warlock”), deverbative from wiċċian (“to practice sorcery”), from Proto-Germanic *wikkōną (compare West Frisian wikje, wikke (“to foretell, warn”), German Low German wicken (“to soothsay”), Dutch wikken, wichelen (“to dowse, divine”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wik-néh₂-, derivation of *weyk- (“to consecrate; separate”);[1] akin to Latin victima (“sacrificial victim”), Lithuanian viẽkas (“life-force”), Sanskrit विनक्ति (vinákti, “to set apart, separate out”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology Extension of *wey- (“to separate”). Root *weyk- to separate, to choose ``` ``` Root *weyk- (perfective) to contain, to envelop to yield to overcome ``` Latin: victor victor m (genitive victōris, feminine victrīx); third declension conqueror, vanquisher victor, winner, champion. from Proto-Indo-European *wi-n-k-, nasal infix from *weyk- (“to overcome”). victor m (genitive victōris, feminine victrīx); third declension conqueror, vanquisher victor, winner, champion Related terms victōria Related terms victrice victrix Verb vincō (present infinitive vincere, perfect active vīcī, supine victum); third conjugation I win I conquer, I defeat, I vanquish From Proto-Italic *winkō, from Proto-Indo-European *wi-n-k-, nasal infix from *weyk- (“to overcome”), whence also Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (weihan, “to fight”) and Old Church Slavonic вѣкъ (věkŭ, “age, long period of time”). ————————————————————- CONQUER Verb conquer (third-person singular simple present conquers, present participle conquering, simple past and past participle conquered) To defeat in combat; to subjugate. To acquire by force of arms, win in war; to become ruler of; to subjugate. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire conquered Istanbul. To overcome an abstract obstacle. Today I conquered my fear of flying by finally boarding a plane. to conquer difficulties or temptations (dated) To gain, win, or obtain by effort. to conquer freedom; to conquer a peace. from Late Latin conquaerere (“to knock, strike; to search for, procure”), from Latin con- + quaerere (“to seek, acquire”). ``` Verb quaerō (present infinitive quaerere, perfect active quaesīvī or quaesiī, supine quaesītum); third conjugation I seek, look for Quaerendo invenietis By seeking ye shall find. Quaerite Dominum Seek ye the Lord I ask, question, inquire, query. I strive for; endeavor; seek to obtain I miss, lack I desire, require, want ``` ``` acquīrō anquīrō conquīrō exquīrō inquīrō perquīrō quaerendus quaerēns quaeritō quaeritur quaesītiō quaesītor / quaestor quaesītus quaestiō quaestus requīrō ``` ``` Latin: quaesō Verb quaesō (present infinitive quaesere, perfect active quaesīvī or quaesiī); third conjugation, no supine stem I beg or ask (for) I seek (in first-person) please. prithee ``` Latin: quaesit quaesit, third person singular present active indicative quaesumus, first person plural present active indicative (common in Ecclesiastical Latin) quaesitur, third person singular present passive quaesere, present active infinitive quaesentibus, dative or ablative plural of *quaesens, present active participle quaesendum, inflected form of *quaesendus, future passive participle (gerundive) Synonyms amabo ``` Latin: amābō Verb amābō first-person singular future active indicative of amō Adverb amābō (not comparable) Please. (Short for amābō tē.) ``` Latin: amō Verb amō (present infinitive amāre, perfect active amāvī, supine amātum); first conjugation I love I am fond of, I like, I admire Synonyms: diligo, probo, approbo, comprobo Antonyms: improbo, reprobo I am pleased by or with (someone or something) for (a particular reason): I derive pleasure from...(for...), I delight in...(for...) Synonym: dēlector (passive voice of delecto only) (with infinitive) I am accustomed (to), I enjoy Synonyms: assuefio, fruor (in translation only): I thank, I am thankful to, I am grateful to (in translation only): I feel a sense of obligation (to or for): I am/feel obligated, I am/feel obliged Synonyms: dēbeō, obligor (passive voice of obligō only, and that only as used in expressing a feeling or sense of obligation, as opposed to any acknowledgement of formal or legal obligation, in contrast to dēbeō)

Answer 766

IF YOU HAD KNOWN Εἰ If Conj ᾔδεις you had known V-LIA-2S ``` ᾔδει — 14 Occ. ᾔδειν — 5 Occ. ᾔδεις — 3 Occ. ᾔδεισαν — 8 Occ. ᾔδειτε — 3 Occ. εἰδῇς — 1 Occ. εἰδήσουσίν — 1 Occ. εἰδῆτε — 6 Occ. εἰδέναι — 11 Occ. εἰδῶ — 2 Occ. εἰδῶμεν — 1 Occ. Εἰδὼς — 21 Occ. εἰδόσιν — 1 Occ. εἰδότα — 1 Occ. εἰδότας — 2 Occ. εἰδότες — 23 Occ. εἰδότι — 1 Occ. εἰδυῖα — 2 Occ. ἴσασι — 1 Occ. ἴστε — 3 Occ. οἶδα — 56 Occ. οἴδαμεν — 43 Occ. Οἶδας — 17 Occ. οἴδασιν — 7 Occ. οἴδατε — 64 Occ. οἶδεν — 22 Occ. ```

Answer 767

ἔγνω knew V-AIA-3S ``` ἐγίνωσκεν — 4 Occ. ἐγίνωσκον — 1 Occ. ἔγνω — 16 Occ. ἔγνωκα — 2 Occ. ἐγνώκαμεν — 6 Occ. ἔγνωκαν — 1 Occ. ἔγνωκάς — 1 Occ. ἐγνώκατε — 5 Occ. ἐγνώκειτε — 1 Occ. ἔγνωκεν — 3 Occ. ἐγνωκέναι — 1 Occ. ἐγνωκότες — 1 Occ. ἔγνων — 6 Occ. ἔγνως — 3 Occ. ἔγνωσαν — 17 Occ. ἔγνωσται — 1 Occ. ἐγνώσθη — 2 Occ. γίνωσκε — 1 Occ. γινώσκῃ — 1 Occ. γινώσκητε — 1 Occ. γινώσκει — 12 Occ. γινώσκειν — 2 Occ. γινώσκεις — 7 Occ. γινώσκεται — 2 Occ. γινώσκετε — 22 Occ. γινωσκέτω — 3 Occ. γινώσκω — 7 Occ. γινώσκωμεν — 1 Occ. γινώσκων — 2 Occ. γινώσκωσιν — 1 Occ. γινώσκομεν — 9 Occ. γινωσκομένη — 1 Occ. γινώσκοντες — 6 Occ. γινώσκουσί — 1 Occ. γινώσκουσιν — 1 Occ. γνῷ — 4 Occ. γνῶναι — 15 Occ. γνῷς — 1 Occ. γνώσῃ — 1 Occ. γνώσεσθε — 6 Occ. γνώσεται — 1 Occ. γνῶσιν — 1 Occ. γνώσομαι — 2 Occ. γνωσόμεθα — 1 Occ. γνώσονται — 3 Occ. γνωσθῇ — 1 Occ. γνωσθήσεται — 4 Occ. γνωσθήτω — 1 Occ. γνωσθέντες — 1 Occ. γνῶτε — 6 Occ. Γνῶθι — 1 Occ. γνώτω — 1 Occ. γνοῖ — 3 Occ. γνόντα — 1 Occ. γνόντες — 5 Occ. γνοὺς — 12 Occ. ```

Answer 768

MEMORY (related to...) PARTIAL - SOME - A FEW - A PORTION - PARTLY (Merx - Merch) From μέρος (part & partial) +‎ -ικός (-Adj.) Adjective μερικός • (merikós) m (feminine μερική, neuter μερικό) partial, part, sub μερικό άθροισμα ― merikó áthroisma ― subtotal Antonym: ολικός (olikós) part-time (in the plural, pronoun) some, a few ``` Noun μέρος • (méros) n (genitive μέρεος or μέρους); third declension part, component, region share, portion one's turn heritage, lot, destiny member of a set, kind, type ``` Noun μέρος • (méros) n (plural μέρη) (most senses) part (a fraction of a whole) Το αγγλικό Βικιλεξικό αποτελεί μέρος ενός πολυεθνικού διαδικτυακού εγχειρήματος. To anglikó Vikilexikó apoteleí méros enós polyethnikoú diadiktyakoú encheirímatos. English Wiktionary is part of an online multinational project. place (an area; somewhere within an area) Σ’ αυτό το μέρος είναι κρυμμένος ένας θησαυρός. S’ aftó to méros eínai krymménos énas thisavrós. There's treasure hidden at this place. (music) movement, part Το τρίτο μέρος της συμφωνίας. To tríto méros tis symfonías. The third movement of the symphony. party, side (group of people forming one side in a given dispute) Τα ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη κατέληξαν σε συμβιβαστική λύση. Ta endiaferómena méri katélixan se symvivastikí lýsi. The interested parties reached a compromise. (euphemistic) loo, privy, commode, lavatory (toilet) πάω στο μέρος ― páo sto méros ― to go to the loo From μερ- (mer-), the root of μείρομαι (meíromai, “to receive as one's portion”) +‎ -ος (-os). Compare μέλος (mélos). Verb μείρομαι • (meíromai) I receive as my portion From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to assign, allot”). See also Latin mereō, merx and Hittite [script needed] (mark, “to divide a sacrifice”). Verb mereō (present infinitive merēre, perfect active meruī, supine meritum); second conjugation I earn, deserve, merit, obtain I earn a living Probably from a Proto-Italic cognate of Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “share, portion”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to assign, allot”)) + -eo. See also Latin merx, Ancient Greek μείρομαι (meíromai, “to receive as one's portion or due”) and Hittite [Term?] (/mark/, “to divide a sacrifice”). Proto-Indo-European Root *(s)mer- to fall into thinking, remember, care for ———————————————————- Adjective μέρμερος • (mérmeros) m or f (neuter μέρμερον); second declension mischievous, baneful (of persons) captious, fastidious ``` Verb μερμηρίζω • (mermērízō) (Epic) to ponder, wonder, reflect to think over to imagine ``` From μέρμηρα (mérmēra, “care, trouble”) +‎ -ίζω (-ízō) ``` Verb स्मरति • (smárati) (root स्मृ, class 1, type P) to remember, recall, recollect to recite from memory to regret ``` From Proto-Indo-Aryan *smárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *smárati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to remember”). Cognate with Persian شمردن‎ (šomordan, “to calculate”), Central Kurdish ژماردن‎ (jmardin, “to count”), Pashto شمېرل‎ (śmerël, “to count”), Ancient Greek μέρμερος (mérmeros, “mischievous, baneful”), Latin memor (“mindful”). ``` Adjective memor (genitive memoris, comparative memorior, superlative memorissimus, adverb memoriter); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem) mindful, remembering that has a good memory Synonyms: memoriōse, memoriōsus ``` Verb memorō (present infinitive memorāre, perfect active memorāvī, supine memorātum); first conjugation I remind, bring to mind I tell, utter, recount From memor (“remembering, mindful”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *men- to think, mind spiritual activity ``` Verb μνάομαι • (mnáomai) to be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance to woo, court Verb μῐμνήσκω • (mimnḗskō) (active) (transitive) To remind [+accusative and genitive = someone of something], put in mind (transitive) To recall something to memory, to make famous (middle and passive voices) (transitive) To call to mind, remember [+genitive or less commonly accusative = something, someone] To remember [+infinitive = that ...] (after Homer) To remember [+participle = doing] (intransitive) To bear in mind, to not forget (transitive) To remember aloud, to mention [+genitive = something] (transitive) To give heed to [+genitive = someone] Noun μνῆμα • (mnêma) n (genitive μνήμᾰτος); third declension memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing mound or building in honour of the dead memorial dedicated to a god From μνάομαι (mnáomai) + -μα (-ma) -μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result or effect an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action γράφω (gráphō, “write”) → γράμμα (grámma, “that which is written, letter”) σχίζω (skhízō, “divide”) → σχίσμα (skhísma, “that which is divided”) ἀθλέω (athléō, “compete”) → ἄθλημα (áthlēma, “contest”) ἀθύρω (athúrō, “play”) → ἄθυρμα (áthurma, “toy”) νοέω (noéō, “think”) → νόημα (nóēma, “thought”) ποιέω (poiéō, “make”) → ποίημα (poíēma, “poem, or in general something made”) δέρω (dérō, “flay, skin”) → δέρμα (dérma, “skin”) τέμνω (témnō, “cut”) → τμῆμα (tmêma, “section”) σπείρω (speírō, “sow”) → σπέρμα (spérma, “that which is sown, seed”) βδελύττομαι (bdelúttomai, “to feel nausea, to be sick”) → βδέλυγμα (bdélugma, “abomination”) ἐκπῑ́νω (ekpī́nō, “drink out”) → ἔκπωμα (ékpōma, “drinking-cup”) θεωρέω (theōréō, “observe”) → θεώρημα (theṓrēma, “observation, theorem”) Suffix -μα • (-ma) n added to a verb form to create gerund and action nouns: ‎καπνίζω (kapnízo, “to smoke”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎κάπνισμα (kápnisma, “smoking”) ‎ζεσταίνω (zestaíno, “to heat up”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎ζέσταμα (zéstama, “warming up”) ‎τελειώνω (teleióno, “to end”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎τελείωμα (teleíoma, “ending”) ‎ανοίγω (anoígo, “to open”) + ‎-μα (-ma) → ‎άνοιγμα (ánoigma, “opening”) Noun μνήμα • (mníma) n (plural μνήματα) grave, sepulchre, tomb see: μνήμη f (mními, “remembrance, memory”) ``` Noun μνήμη • (mními) f (plural μνήμες) memory remembrance reminiscence ``` Noun θύμηση • (thýmisi) f (plural θύμησες) (literary) memory (specific and general) Noun ανάμνηση • (anámnisi) f (plural αναμνήσεις) Remember, memory From ανά- (re-, again) + μνηση (memory) Noun αμνηστία • (amnistía) f (uncountable) amnesty να δίνει αμνηστία ― na dínei amnistía ― to give amnesty αμνήστευση f (amnístefsi, “amnesty, pardoning”) αμνηστεύω (amnistévo, “to pardon”) and see: μνήμη f (mními, “remembrance, memory”) Noun ᾰ̓μνηστῐ́ᾱ • (amnēstíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓μνηστῐ́ᾱς); first declension forgetfulness (and especially) an amnesty failure to mention (a thing), passing (it) over. From ᾰ̓́μνηστος (“forgotten, forgetful”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun suffix), ultimately from μνάομαι (“remember”). Adjective αμνησίκακος • (amnisíkakos) m (feminine αμνησίκακη, neuter αμνησίκακο) forgiving Noun αμνησικακία • (amnisikakía) f (uncountable) forgiveness Synonym: ανεξικακία (anexikakía) Noun ανεξικακία • (anexikakía) f (uncountable) forgiveness, forbearance Adjective ανεξίκακος • (anexíkakos) m (feminine ανεξίκακη, neuter ανεξίκακο) unresentful, forgiving (forgetful of hatred, etc) Verb ανεξικακώ • (anexikakó) tolerate wrongdoing, forgive

Answer 769

SENTENTIA sententia f (genitive sententiae); first declension a way of thinking, view, opinion Synonyms: mēns, sēnsus Coordinate terms: opīniō, arbitrātum, auctōritās, cōgitātiō, exīstimātiō meā (quidem) sententiā ― (at least) in my view ex animī sententiā ― in my sincere opinion, in all honesty ex (meā etc.) sententiā ― to someone's liking adversum, praeter animī sententiam ― against someone's liking dē suā ūnīus sententiā ― on one's own initiative a purpose, intention, will (one's thinking in respect to the future) Synonyms: cōnsilium, voluntās (politics) a vote of opinion (expressed in senate in response to an interrogātiō) the vote of a juryman or of a jury Synonym: suffrāgium sententiam ferre ― to vote in sententiam alicuius īre ― to support somone's opinion or policy (politics) an authoritative decision, pronouncement, judgement, decree Synonyms: dēcrētum, arbitrium, jūdicium, statūtum a feeling, sense, idea, notion Synonym: cōgitātum 55 BCE, Cicero, De Oratore 2.93: sententiīsque magis quam verbīs abundantēs overflowing with ideas rather than words to express them the main drift, substance; spirit of a law (as opposed to letter) a thought expressed in words; a sense, meaning, signification Synonym: sēnsus any terse and pointed observation (esp. moralistic); a maxim, epigram Synonyms: praeceptum, adāgium (grammar) a self-contained group of words, a finished clause, sentence, period Synonyms: sēnsus, periodus equivalent to sentiens (“feeling, perceiving”) +‎ -ia ``` Participle sentiēns (genitive sentientis); third-declension one-termination participle feeling, perceiving with the senses. perceiving: noticing mentally. having an opinion, feeling emotion. ``` Verb sentiō (present infinitive sentīre, perfect active sēnsī, supine sēnsum); fourth conjugation I feel, I sense, I perceive (with the senses) Synonym: percipiō I perceive, I am aware of, I am sensible of, I notice mentally, I understand (by using my senses) I have an opinion, I think, I feel I feel (an emotion) I agree (typically followed by cum) from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”) ``` Etymology 1 Proto-Indo-European Root *sent- to head for, to go, to travel ``` Etymology 2 Root *sent- to feel Etymology 1 From sentiō (“feel, hear, see, perceive”) +‎ -tus (action noun suffix). Noun sēnsus m (genitive sēnsūs); fourth declension faculty or power of perceiving; perception, feeling, sensation, sense (physically) perception, feeling, sensation capability of feeling, ability to perceive; sense (mentally) feeling, sentiment, emotion, affection; sense, understanding, capacity; humor, inclination, disposition, frame of mind opinion, thought, sense, view (usually in full sēnsus commūnis) common feelings of humanity; moral sense, taste, discretion, tact in intercourse with men (transferred sense, poetic) (of the thinking faculty) sense, understanding, mind, reason Synonyms: mēns, ratiō (particularly of discourse): (abstract) sense, idea, notion, meaning, signification Synonyms: sententia, nōtiō, significātiō (concrete) thought expressed in words; sentence, period. Etymology 2 Perfect passive participle of sentiō (“feel, hear, see, perceive”). Participle sēnsus (feminine sēnsa, neuter sēnsum, adverb sēnsim); first/second-declension participle perfect passive participle of sentiō From sentiō (“feel, hear, see, perceive”) +‎ -tus (action noun suffix). ——————————————————— SYNONYM Noun mēns f (genitive mentis); third declension mind intellect, reason reasoning, judgement heart, conscience (seat of the thoughts and will) disposition from Proto-Indo-European *méntis (“thought”). Cognate with Sanskrit मति (matí) αὐτόματος (autómatos) μάντις (mántis) Russian мнить (mnitʹ, “to think”) ``` Old English ġemynd (whence English mind). Noun ġemynd f or n memory; commemoration thought, thinking intellect, intention ``` ``` Sanskrit Noun मन • (man) m (Urdu spelling من‎) mind, intellect यह विचार मेरे मन में नहीं आया था। yah vicār mere man mẽ nahī̃ āyā thā. This thought never crossed my mind. (figuratively) heart, feeling, emotion मन में एक ललक है। man mẽ ek lalak hai. There is a longing in my heart. soul temperament intention, desire choice ``` from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”) ``` Noun μένος • (ménos) n (genitive μένεος or μένους); third declension mind desire, ardor, wish, purpose anger courage, spirit, vigor power, strength, force violence ``` ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *men- to think, mind spiritual activity ``` Verb μῐμνήσκω • (mimnḗskō) (active) (transitive) To remind [+accusative and genitive = someone of something], put in mind (transitive) To recall something to memory, to make famous (middle and passive voices) (transitive) To call to mind, remember [+genitive or less commonly accusative = something, someone] To remember [+infinitive = that ...] (after Homer) To remember [+participle = doing] (intransitive) To bear in mind, to not forget (transitive) To remember aloud, to mention [+genitive = something] (transitive) To give heed to [+genitive = someone] From Proto-Indo-European *mi-mn̥h₂-sḱe- from the root *men- with inchoative suffix -σκω (-skō). Cognates include μνάομαι (mnáomai, “to be mindful”) Sanskrit अम्नासिषु (amnāsiṣu), मम्नौ (mamnau, “remember, repeat in the mind”, perfect). ``` Proto-Italic Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *mon-éye-, causative from *men-. Verb *moneō to remind, to warn ``` Verb μαίνομαι • (maínomai) I am mad, angry, I rage I am mad, raving, out of my mind Noun μᾰνῐ́ᾱ • (maníā) f (genitive μᾰνῐ́ᾱς); first declension madness, frenzy, enthusiasm mad desire, compulsion From μαίνομαι (maínomai, “I am mad”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). μῆνῐς • (mênis) f (genitive μήνῐος or μήνῐδος); third declension rage, wrath, mostly of the wrath of the gods. Sanskrit मेनि (mení, “wrath, revenge, vengeance”), Sanskrit मन्यु (manyú, “anger, sorrow, spirit”) Adjective αὐτόμᾰτος • (autómatos) m (feminine αὐτομᾰ́τη, neuter αὐτόμᾰτον); first/second declension αὐτόμᾰτος • (autómatos) m or f (neuter αὐτόμᾰτον); second declension (Epic, Attic) self-willed, unbidden self-moving, self-propelled, spontaneous (of plants) growing wild, unsown without external cause or support, automatic without cause, accidental, by chance From αὐτο- (auto-, “self”) + Proto-Indo-European *mn̥tós, from *men- (“to think”) (whence μένος (ménos) and others). ``` Noun μένος • (ménos) n (genitive μένεος or μένους); third declension mind desire, ardor, wish, purpose anger courage, spirit, vigor power, strength, force violence ``` from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”) Sanskrit Noun मनस् • (mánas) n mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers), intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, sense, conscience, will the spirit or spiritual principle, the breath or living soul which escapes from the body at death thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit name of the 26th kalpa ``` Old Persian 𐎶𐎴𐏁 (m-n-š /manaš/) Etymology 1 From Proto-Iranian *mánah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas. Compare Sanskrit मनस् (manas). Noun 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (m-n-h /manah/) n mind, thought ``` ——————————————————— mind (plural minds) The ability for rational thought. Despite advancing age, his mind was still as sharp as ever. The ability to be aware of things. There was no doubt in his mind that they would win. The ability to remember things. My mind just went blank. The ability to focus the thoughts. I can’t keep my mind on what I’m doing. Somebody that embodies certain mental qualities. He was one of history’s greatest minds. Judgment, opinion, or view. He changed his mind after hearing the speech. Desire, inclination, or intention. She had a mind to go to Paris. I have half a mind to do it myself. I am of a mind to listen. A healthy mental state. I, ______ being of sound mind and body, do hereby […] You are losing your mind. (philosophy) The non-material substance or set of processes in which consciousness, perception, affectivity, judgement, thinking, and will are based. The mind is a process of the brain. Continual prayer on a dead person's behalf for a period after their death. a month's [or monthly] mind; a year's mind ``` Old English Verb myntan to mean, intend to think, suppose ``` ——————————————————— MINT - MONEY mint (plural mints) A building or institution where money (originally, only coins) is produced under government licence. (informal) A vast sum of money; (by extension) a large amount of something. Synonyms: bundle (informal), pile (slang), small fortune (colloquial) That house is worth a mint. It must have cost a mint to produce! to make a mint (figuratively) Any place regarded as a source of unlimited supply; the supply itself. From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat. In Roman mythology, Moneta (Latin Monēta) was a title given to two separate goddesses: It was the name of the goddess of memory (identified with the Greek goddess Mnemosyne), and it was an epithet of Juno, called Juno Moneta (Latin Iūno Monēta). The latter's name is the source of numerous words in English and the Romance languages, including “money" and "mint". Μνημοσύνη In Hesiod's Theogony, kings and poets receive their powers of authoritative speech from their possession of Mnemosyne and their special relationship with the Muses. Mythology In Hesiod's Theogony, kings and poets receive their powers of authoritative speech from their possession of Mnemosyne and their special relationship with the Muses. Zeus, in a form of a mortal shepherd, and Mnemosyne slept together for nine consecutive nights, thus conceiving the nine Muses. Mnemosyne also presided over a pool[6] in Hades, counterpart to the river Lethe, according to a series of 4th-century BC Greek funerary inscriptions in dactylic hexameter. Dead souls drank from Lethe so they would not remember their past lives when reincarnated. In Orphism, the initiated were taught to instead drink from the Mnemosyne, the river of memory, which would stop the transmigration of the soul. Mnemosyne (/nɪˈmɒzɪniː, nɪˈmɒsɪniː/; Greek: Μνημοσύνη, pronounced [mnɛːmosýːnɛː]) is the goddess of memory in Greek mythology. "Mnemosyne" is derived from the same source as the word mnemonic, that being the Greek word mnēmē, which means "remembrance, memory". Mnemosyne is the mother of the nine Muses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemosyne ``` Family A titaness, Mnemosyne was the daughter of Uranus and Gaia.[3][4][5] Mnemosyne was the mother of the nine Muses, fathered by her nephew, Zeus: Calliope (epic poetry) Clio (history) Euterpe (music and lyric poetry) Erato (love poetry) Melpomene (tragedy) Polyhymnia (hymns) Terpsichore (dance) Thalia (comedy) Urania (astronomy) ``` River Λήθη λήθη (literally means "oblivion", "forgetfulness", or "concealment") ἀλήθεια (truth, unconcealment) In Greek mythology, Lethe /ˈliːθiː/ (Greek: Λήθη, Lḗthē; Ancient Greek: [lɛ́:tʰɛː], Modern Greek: [ˈliθi]) was one of the five rivers of the underworld of Hades. Also known as the Ameles potamos (river of unmindfulness), the Lethe flowed around the cave of Hypnos and through the Underworld where all those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness. Lethe was also the name of the Greek spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, with whom the river was often identified. In Classical Greek, the word lethe (λήθη) literally means "oblivion", "forgetfulness", or "concealment".[1] It is related to the Greek word for "truth", aletheia (ἀλήθεια), which through the privative alpha literally means "un-forgetfulness" or "un-concealment". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethe#river LETHARGY ``` Noun ἀλήθεια • (alḗtheia) f (genitive ἀληθείας); first declension not a lie truth (Septuagint, plural form?) the Thummim ``` From ἀληθής (alēthḗs, “true”) +‎ -ιᾰ (-ia, abstract noun suffix) from ἀ- (a-, “not”) and λήθω (lḗthō, “I escape notice, I am hidden”) — whence English lethargy (“sluggishness”) — ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“to hide”). Root *leh₂- to be concealed Verb λᾰνθᾰ́νω • (lanthánō) (active) to escape notice (transitive) escape a person's notice (transitive) to do [+participle or rarely infinitive = something] without being noticed [+accusative = by someone] (intransitive) to do [+participle = something] without knowing it (active) to cause to forget [+genitive = something, someone] (in compounds, ἐκληθάνω (eklēthánō), ἐπιλήθω (epilḗthō), ἐπιλανθάνομαι (epilanthánomai)) (Epic reduplicated aorist, λέλᾰθον) (middle) to forget [+genitive = something, someone] Full Conjugation https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/λήθω#Ancient_Greek From Proto-Indo-European *lh₂-n-dʰ-, nasal infix present of *leh₂-dʰ-, dental extension of *leh₂- (“to be hidden, be covered”). Verb λᾱ́θω • (lā́thō) (Doric) Alternative form of λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to escape notice”) https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/λάθω#Ancient_Greek Verb λανθάνω • (lantháno) (past —) found only in the present tense be latent, be dormant, be underlying Adjective λανθάνων • (lanthánon) m (feminine λανθάνουσα, neuter λανθάνον) latent, hidden, underlying λανθάνουσα θερμότητα ― lanthánousa thermótita ― latent heat λανθάνον ταλέντο ― lanthánon talénto ― hidden talent άδηλος (ádilos, “latent, uncertain”) ανεκδήλωτος (anekdílotos, “secret, unspoken”) κρυφός (kryfós, “secret”) Adjective κρυφός • (kryfós) m (feminine κρυφή, neuter κρυφό) hidden, secret Verb κρύβω • (krývo) (past έκρυψα, passive κρύβομαι) hide, cover Verb κρύπτω • (krúptō) to hide, cover to conceal, obscure ``` Verb κᾰλῠ́πτω • (kalúptō) to cover to cover, conceal Synonyms: κεύθω (keúthō), κρῠ́πτω (krúptō) Antonym: ἀποκᾰλῠ́πτω (apokalúptō) to cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over to put over as a covering ``` from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”), however Beekes [ref needed] argued that neither α-vocalism nor ύ + different labials (he considered Ancient Greek καλύβη (kalúbē, “hut, cabin”) and Ancient Greek καλύφη (kalúphē, “submerged land”) Verb ἀποκαλύπτω • (apokalúptō) I reveal From ἀπο- (apo-) +‎ καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”). Noun ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς • (apokálupsis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως); third declension uncovering, revelation, disclosure From ἀποκαλύπτω (apokalúptō, “to disclose, reveal”) +‎ -σις (-sis). -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process ακάλυπτος (akályptos, “uncovered”) απροκάλυπτος (aprokályptos) ευκάλυπτος m (efkályptos, “eycalyptus”) καλύβα f (kalýva, “hut, shack”) κάλυμμα n (kálymma) καλυμμένος (kalymménos, “covered”, participle) καλυπτήριος (kalyptírios, “covering”) καλύπτρα f (kalýptra, “cover, veil”) καλύπτρα ματιού f (kalýptra matioú, “eye patch”) κάλυψη f (kálypsi) κεκαλυμμένα (kekalymména, adverb) κεκαλυμμένος (kekalymménos, “covered up”, learned participle) προκάλυμμα n (prokálymma) προκάλυψη f (prokálypsi) Verb-compounds (and see their derivatives) ανακαλύπτω (anakalýpto, “to discover, to uncover”) αποκαλύπτω (apokalýpto, “to reveal, to expose, to uncover”) επικαλύπτω (epikalýpto, “to cover”) περικαλύπτω (perikalýpto, “cover around”) πρωτοανακαλύπτω (protoanakalýpto, “discover for the first time”) συγκαλύπτω (sygkalýpto) υπερκαλύπτω (yperkalýpto) ευκάλυπτος m (efkályptos, “eycalyptus”) from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”) + καλυπτός (kaluptós, “covered”), from καλύπτω (kalúptō, “I cover”). ——————————————————— FEEL Verb feel (third-person singular simple present feels, present participle feeling, simple past and past participle felt) (heading) To use or experience the sense of touch. (transitive, copulative) To become aware of through the skin; to use the sense of touch on. You can feel a heartbeat if you put your fingers on your breast. I felt cold and miserable all night. (transitive) To find one's way (literally or figuratively) by touching or using cautious movements. I felt my way through the darkened room. I felt my way cautiously through the dangerous business maneuver. (intransitive) To receive information by touch or by any neurons other than those responsible for sight, smell, taste, or hearing. (intransitive) To search by sense of touch. He felt for the light switch in the dark. (heading) To sense or think emotionally or judgmentally. (transitive) To experience an emotion or other mental state about. I can feel the sadness in his poems. (transitive) To think, believe, or have an impression concerning. I feel that we need to try harder. (intransitive, copulative) To experience an emotion or other mental state. He obviously feels strongly about it. She felt even more upset when she heard the details. (intransitive) To sympathise; to have the sensibilities moved or affected. I feel for you and your plight. (transitive) To be or become aware of. (transitive) To experience the consequences of. Feel my wrath! (copulative) To seem (through touch or otherwise). It looks like wood, but it feels more like plastic. This is supposed to be a party, but it feels more like a funeral! (transitive, US, slang) To understand. I don't want you back here, ya feel me? from Old English fēlan (“to feel, perceive, touch”) Verb fēlan to feel; perceive; touch Verb ġefēlan to be conscious of sensation, perceive, feel to know by sense of touch or organic sensation ————————————————————— SENSE sense (countable and uncountable, plural senses) Any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world: for humans sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste. Perception through the intellect; apprehension; awareness. a sense of security Sound practical or moral judgment. It's common sense not to put metal objects in a microwave oven. The meaning, reason, or value of something. You don’t make any sense. the true sense of words or phrases A natural appreciation or ability. A keen musical sense (pragmatics) The way that a referent is presented. (semantics) A single conventional use of a word; one of the entries for a word in a dictionary. The word set has various senses. (mathematics) One of two opposite directions in which a vector (especially of motion) may point. See also polarity. (mathematics) One of two opposite directions of rotation, clockwise versus anti-clockwise. (biochemistry) referring to the strand of a nucleic acid that directly specifies the product. From Middle English sense from Old French sens, sen, san (“sense, reason, direction”) Latin sensus (“sensation, feeling, meaning”) from sentiō (“feel, perceive”) partly of Germanic origin (whence also Occitan sen, Italian senno) from Vulgar Latin *sennus (“sense, reason, way”) from Frankish *sinn (“reason, judgement, mental faculty, way, direction”) Both Latin and Germanic from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”).

Answer 770

TRUTH-BEARER A truth-bearer is an entity that is said to be either true or false and nothing else. The thesis that some things are true while others are false has led to different theories about the nature of these entities. Since there is divergence of opinion on the matter, the term truth-bearer is used to be neutral among the various theories. Truth-bearer candidates include propositions, sentences, sentence-tokens, statements, beliefs, thoughts, intuitions, utterances, and judgements but different authors exclude one or more of these, deny their existence, argue that they are true only in a derivative sense, assert or assume that the terms are synonymous,[1] or seek to avoid addressing their distinction or do not clarify it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth-bearer

Answer 771

TYPE - TOKEN ``` Category - Instance Group - Member Whole - Part General - Specific Universal - Individual Collective - Unique Class - Member Family - Member Puzzle - Piece Object - Attribute Character - Characteristic Noun - Adjective Subject - Property Drama - Actor Play - Part ``` https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type–token_distinction The type–token distinction is the difference between naming a class (type) of objects and naming the individual instances (tokens) of that class. Since each type may be exemplified by multiple tokens, there are generally more tokens than types of an object. For example, the sentence "A rose is a rose is a rose" contains three word types, "a", "rose", and "is"; and eight word tokens of those types, "a", "rose", "is", "a", "rose", "is", "a", "rose". The distinction is important in disciplines such as logic, linguistics, metalogic, typography, and computer programming.

Answer 772

WE KNOW οἴδαμεν we know V-RIA-1P

Answer 773

I KNOW Οἶδα I know V-RIA-1S ``` ᾔδει — 14 Occ. ᾔδειν — 5 Occ. ᾔδεις — 3 Occ. ᾔδεισαν — 8 Occ. ᾔδειτε — 3 Occ. εἰδῇς — 1 Occ. εἰδήσουσίν — 1 Occ. εἰδῆτε — 6 Occ. εἰδέναι — 11 Occ. εἰδῶ — 2 Occ. εἰδῶμεν — 1 Occ. Εἰδὼς — 21 Occ. εἰδόσιν — 1 Occ. εἰδότα — 1 Occ. εἰδότας — 2 Occ. εἰδότες — 23 Occ. εἰδότι — 1 Occ. εἰδυῖα — 2 Occ. ἴσασι — 1 Occ. ἴστε — 3 Occ. οἶδα — 56 Occ. οἴδαμεν — 43 Occ. Οἶδας — 17 Occ. οἴδασιν — 7 Occ. οἴδατε — 64 Occ. οἶδεν — 22 Occ. ```

Answer 774

HE HAD KNOWN ᾔδει V-LIA-3S He had known

Answer 775

THEY HAD KNOWN ᾔδεισαν V-LIA-3P

Answer 776

THEY WILL KNOW εἰδήσουσίν V-FIA-3P

Answer 777

WE MIGHT KNOW εἰδῶμεν V-RSA-1P

Answer 778

I SHOULD KNOW - IF I KNOW - NOT I KNOW εἰδῶ V-RSA-1S

Answer 779

WE HAVE KNOWN οἴδαμεν V-RIA-1P

Answer 780

Y’ALL KNOW οἴδατε know V-RIA-2P

Answer 781

TO LOOK AT - TO GAZE - TO CONTEMPLATE - I UNDERSTAND θεωρῶ I understand V-PIA-1S ``` θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of. HELPS Word-studies 2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, "to gaze, contemplate") – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating). ``` [2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term "theatre," i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance).]

Answer 782

AMAZED - WONDER - SPECTACLE θεάσασθε see V-AMM-2P ``` θαυμάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: thaumazó Phonetic Spelling: (thou-mad'-zo) Definition: to marvel, wonder Usage: (a) intrans: I wonder, marvel, (b) trans: I wonder at, admire. HELPS Word-studies 2296 thaumázō (from 2295 /thaúma, "a wonder, marvel") – properly, wonder at, be amazed (marvel), i.e. astonished out of one's senses; awestruck, "wondering very greatly" (Souter); to cause "wonder; . . . to regard with amazement, and with a suggestion of beginning to speculate on the matter" (WS, 225). ``` ``` θαῦμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: thauma Phonetic Spelling: (thos'-mah) Definition: a wonder Usage: (a) concr: a marvel, wonder, (b) abstr: wonder, amazement. ``` Cognate: 2295 thaúma – a wonder, evoking "emotional" astonishment (gaping) at the marvel, i.e. performed to powerfully strike the viewer personally (uniquely, individually). See 2296 (thaumázō). ``` θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit. HELPS Word-studies 2300 theáomai (from tháomai, "to gaze at a spectacle") – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer. ``` [2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron ("spectacle in a theatre"), the root of the English term, "theatre."] ``` θέατρον, ου, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: theatron Phonetic Spelling: (theh'-at-ron) Definition: a theater, a spectacle Usage: (a) a theatre, a semi-circular stone building, generally open to the sky, (b) a spectacle, show. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2302 théatron (the root of the English term, "theatre") – a theatre; a place for public exhibition; (figuratively) the public display of putting someone "on exhibit" to be mocked at as a spectacle (cf. 1 Cor 4:9). See 2300 (theáomai). ``` ``` ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō). ``` ``` ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception). ``` [The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, "see." The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, "see."] ``` οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. HELPS Word-studies 1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying." ``` 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension). εἶδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidos Phonetic Spelling: (i'-dos) Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class. HELPS Word-studies 1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, "to see, apprehend") – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes "what is physically seen" (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida). Example: 1491 /eídos ("visible appearance") refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: "And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove"; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: "And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming"; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: "You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form." properly, that which strikes the eye, which is exposed to view. the external oppearance, form, figure, shape.

Answer 783

TO APPEAR TO THE MIND - SENSES ``` ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō). ``` [Some forms of Strong's numbering systems designate optomai as 3708.] ``` ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception). ``` [The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, "see." The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, "see."] εἶδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidos Phonetic Spelling: (i'-dos) Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class. 1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, "to see, apprehend") – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes "what is physically seen" (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida). Example: 1491 /eídos ("visible appearance") refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: "And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove"; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: "And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming"; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: "You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form." properly, that which strikes the eye, which is exposed to view. the external oppearance, form, figure, shape.

Answer 784

YOU ALL SEE ἴδετε see V-AMA-2P οἴδατε know V-RIA-2P ἰδοὺ Behold V-AMA-2S οἴδαμεν we know V-RIA-1P ————————— Not to be confused with: ἴδιος - ἰδίᾳ ἰδίᾳ ones own Adj-DFS one's own, belonging to one, private, personal; one's own people, one's own family, home, property. ``` ἴδια — 21 Occ. ἰδίαις — 3 Occ. ἰδίαν — 24 Occ. ἰδίας — 6 Occ. ἰδίῳ — 7 Occ. ἰδίων — 7 Occ. ἴδιοι — 1 Occ. ἰδίοις — 10 Occ. ἴδιον — 18 Occ. ἴδιος — 1 Occ. ἰδίου — 11 Occ. ἰδίους — 5 Occ. ``` ιδια ιδία ίδια ἰδίᾳ ἴδια ιδιαις ιδίαις ἰδίαις ιδιαν ιδίαν ἰδίαν ιδιας ιδίας ἰδίας ιδιοι ἴδιοι ιδιοις ιδίοις ἰδίοις ιδιον ίδιον ἴδιον ιδιος ίδιος ἴδιος ιδιου ιδίου ἰδίου ιδιους ιδίους ἰδίους ιδιω ιδίω ἰδίῳ ιδιων ιδίων ἰδίων ————————— ``` οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. HELPS Word-studies 1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying." ``` 1492 /eídō ("seeing that becomes knowing") then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).

Answer 785

THINK - HAVE WISDOM φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō). φρονέω • (phronéō) to think, to have understanding, to be wise, prudent to be minded in a certain way, to mean, intend, purpose (with a neuter adjective) to have certain thoughts towards someone (preceded by μέγα (méga)) to be high-minded, to have high thoughts, to be sprited and bold (in Attic, in a bad sense) to be heady, presumptuous, conceited, proud to agree, to side with to have a thing in one's mind, mind, take heed to be in possession of one's senses, to be sensible, to be alive. φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension (often in the plural) The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger The seat of intellect, wits, mind will, purpose From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”) Synonyms (seat of emotions): θῡμός (thūmós) ``` πραπίς (prapís) Noun πρᾰπίς • (prapís) f (genitive πρᾰπίδος); third declension (in the plural) midriff, diaphragm spirit, mind heart, as the seat of emotions prudence, wisdom From φροντῐ́ς • (phrontís) f (genitive φροντῐ́δος); third declension thought, care, attention ``` From φρονέω (phronéō, “to think”). Noun φροντίδα • (frontída) f (plural φροντίδες) attention, care see: φροντίζω (frontízo, “to attend to, to look after”) Verb φροντίζω • (frontízo) (past φρόντισα, passive —) care for, attend to φροντίδα f (frontída, “attention, care”) φροντιστής m (frontistís, “carer, tutor, purser”) φροντίστρια f (frontístria, “carer, tutor, purser”) ————————————————————- INSANITY Adjective υγιής healthy, sound, sane, fit, well, hale σώφρονων sane σωός τας φρένας sane σᾰνίς Someone who is not nailed “bound” to the cross. ``` Noun σᾰνίς • (sanís) f (genitive σᾰνίδος); third declension board, plank, timber (in the plural) folding doors wooden platform, scaffold or stage ship's deck bench, seat lid of box (in the plural) wooden tablets for writing on ``` ``` Noun σανίδα • (sanída) f (plural σανίδες) plank, board (piece of wood) (figuratively) bean pole (a thin person) (capitalised) Sanida, a Cypriot village ``` plank to which offenders were bound or nailed σελίς • (selís) f (genitive σελίδος); third declension (architecture) crossbeam of stone in ceiling construction block or sector of seats in a theater rowing bench column of writing in a papyrus roll writing page Clearly related to σέλμα (sélma, “deck of a ship”). These words have been compared to Old English selma and syll. Old English: syll a beam that serves as a foundation or support, basis, sill (figuratively) a base, support, foundation. From Proto-Germanic *sulī (“bar, sill”) from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, *swel- (“beam, board, frame, threshold”). υγιής • (ygiís) m (feminine υγιής, neuter υγιές) healthy, sane, sound, well υγεία • (ygeía) f (plural υγείες) health ανθυγιεινός (anthygieinós, “unsanitary”) ανθυγιεινότητα f (anthygieinótita, “unhealthiness”) γεια (geia, “good heath, hello”) εξυγιαίνω (exygiaíno, “to improve, to make healthy”) εξυγίανση f (exygíansi, “reorganisation, sanitation”) εξυγιαντικός (exygiantikós, “reorganizing, making healthy”, adjective) υγεινόμος m (ygeinómos, “officer of public health”) υγειονομική ταφή f (ygeionomikí tafí, “landfilling”) υγειονομικός (ygeionomikós, “of public health”, adjective) υγιαίνω (ygiaíno, “to be in good health”) υγιεινή f (ygieiní, “hygiene”) υγιεινολογία f (ygieinología, “hygiene medicine”) υγιεινολόγος m (ygieinológos, “hygienist”) υγιεινός (ygieinós, “healthy”) υγιής (ygiís, “healthy, well”) ``` Interjection γεια • (geia) hi, hello bye cheers, your health bravo ``` Adjective ὑγιής • (hugiḗs) m or f (neuter ὑγιές); third declension sound, healthy, hearty, strong sound in mind: wise, wholesome υγιής Healthy ( metaphorically ) that is free from any form of morbidity , that contributes to the proper functioning of the individual and the whole healthy way of thinking From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yu-gʷih₃- (“long life”) Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-gʷih₃- (“good life”) with -ής (“adjective suffix”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology Possible metathesis of *h₁wes- (“good”), or perhaps related to *h₁es- (“to be”). Prefix *h₁su- good ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *gʷeyh₃- to live ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology From *h₁wes- +‎ *-us. Adjective *h₁wésus good, excellent ``` sane (adj.) "of sound mind, mentally sound; free from disorder," 1721, a back-formation from sanity or else from Latin sanus "sound, healthy," in figurative or transferred use, "of sound mind, rational, sane," also, of style, "correct;" of uncertain origin. Perhaps from PIE *seh-no- from *seh- "to tie." That reconstruction "is purely mechanical," according to de Vaan, the meaning might be "which is in place, in order." Or it could be from a different root meaning "to satisfy" as in Latin satis "enough." Used earlier, of the body, with the sense of "healthy" (1620s). Related: Sanely. sanity (n.) early 15c., "healthy condition," from Old French sanité "health," from Latin sanitatem (nominative sanitas) "health, sanity," from sanus "healthy; sane" (see sane). Meaning "soundness of mind" is attested from c. 1600. Adjective sānus (feminine sāna, neuter sānum, comparative sānior, adverb sānē); first/second-declension adjective sound in body, healthy, whole, well sound in mind, sane, well (of style) correct, sensible, discreet, sober, chaste. From Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”). Akin to Ancient Greek σῶς (sôs), Dutch zoen (“kiss”) and gezond (“healthy”), German Sühne (“atonement”) and gesund (“healthy”). σῶς • (sôs) m (feminine σᾶ, neuter σῶν); first/second declension safe and sound, alive and well ``` Σωκράτης (Sōkrátēs) σώσανδρον (sṓsandron) Σωσίας (Sōsías) Σωστράτη (Sōstrátē) Σώστρατος (Sṓstratos) σωτήρ (sōtḗr) σώφρων (sṓphrōn) σῴζω (sṓizō) ``` from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to be strong”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *tewh₂- to swell to crowd to be strong ``` Latin: tūber (see there for further descendants) ⇒ Latin: prōtūberō (“to bulge up”), extūberō (“to bulge out”)

Answer 786

COGNITION cognition (n.) mid-15c., cognicioun, "ability to comprehend, mental act or process of knowing," from Latin cognitionem (nominative cognitio) "a getting to know, acquaintance, knowledge," noun of action from past participle stem of cognoscere "to get to know, recognize," from assimilated form of com "together" (see co-) + gnoscere "to know," from PIE root *gno- "to know." In 17c. the meaning was extended to include perception and sensation. * gno- * gnō-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to know." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jna- "know;" Avestan zainti- "knowledge," Old Persian xšnasatiy "he shall know;" Old Church Slavonic znati "recognizes," Russian znat "to know;" Latin gnoscere "get to know," nobilis "known, famous, noble;" Greek gignōskein "to know," gnōtos "known," gnōsis "knowledge, inquiry;" Old Irish gnath "known;" German kennen "to know," Gothic kannjan "to make known." ————————————————————- From con- +‎ agitō. From Latin con-, from cum (“with”). con- with Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects coeō, colloquor, convīvor, etc.: colligō, compōnō, condō, etc. Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word commaculō, commendō, concitō, comminuō, concerpō, concīdō, convellō, etc. Preposition cum (+ ablative) with, along with Titus cum familiā habitat. ― Titus lives with his family. magnā cum laude ― with great praise at (denoting a point in time with which an action coincides) Mīlitēs cum prīmā lūce vēnērunt. ― The soldiers came at day-break. -fold (with ordinal number) cum centesimo efficere ― to yield a hundredfold from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”) cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think I ponder, meditate, reflect, consider (i.e. think of, about, over) I intend, design, purpose, plan, devise (i.e. have in mind) From agō (“do, act, make”) +‎ -itō (frequentative suffix). See actus. Borrowed from Latin agitō (“I chase”). agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation I act, behave, do, or make persistently or unremittingly. I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. I brandish, wield. (of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control. (of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue. I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb. I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on. I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment. I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock. I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise. (of time) I pass, spend. I live, dwell, abide, sojourn. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. (with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in. From agō (“do, act, make”) +‎ -itō (frequentative suffix). See actus. -itō (present infinitive -itāre, perfect active -itāvī, supine -itātum); first conjugation Forms frequentative verbs from existing verbs or from certain adjectives (notably adjectives of the third declension in -is, -alis, and -bilis/-ibilis) Verb agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation I act, I behave I do "Agere...does not express, as facere does, the principle, author, nor a single act of producing; but a series of cares and a continued activity." - Latin Synonyms, with Their Different Significations, etc. by M. J. B. Gardin Dumesnil, Trans. Gosset, London, 1819. "Agere, Facere et Gerere hoc differunt, quod agere et corporis, et vocis, et mentis agitatum comprehendit. Facere tantum refertur ad opera, quae corpore efficimus; aliquando et pro consentire ponitur. His enim loquendi modis utebantur recte antiqui: mecum seu tecum faciam, hoc est, mecum seu tecum consentiam. Gerere est muneris et oneris..." - Ausonii Popmae frisii de differentiis verborum cum additamentis ab Hekelii, Richteri, Messerschmidii et Vallaurii, 1865. I make (something that does not continue to exist after the maker stops) I negotiate I effect, accomplish, achieve I treat, I deal I act, play, perform (e.g., a role in a play) I perform, transact, conduct, manage (e.g. business, affairs) I administer, direct, guide, govern I drive (sense of providing an impetus for motion), impel, move, push, put in motion I conduct, drive (sense of providing governance to motion) I discuss, debate, deliberate (used in civil, political and legal contexts) (law) I plead I think upon; I am occupied with I aim at, I get at (generally in the subjunctive mood and preceded by ut, and so meaning: "that I might achieve...") I stir up, excite, cause, induce I lead, drive (e.g., livestock) I chase, pursue I drive at, pursue (a course of action) I rob, steal, plunder, carry off (of time) I pass, spend, lead (of offerings) I slay, kill (as a sacrifice) (of plants) I put forth, sprout, extend (law) I hold (a court) (passive) to go on, to take place, to be at issue Cognate with Old Irish aigid, Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”) ᾰ̓́γω • (ágō) (transitive) To lead, fetch, bring along (a living creature), take with (transitive) To carry off as captives or booty (transitive) To guide, command (an army, a ship); to march in war (transitive) To draw out (a line, wall, and so on) (geometry) To draw (a line) or describe (a plane) (transitive) To hold (an event); to celebrate or observe (festival) (transitive) To weigh down a scale by a certain amount, to have a certain weight (middle) I take for myself ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology Thematic root verb of the root *h₂eǵ-. Verb *h₂éǵeti (imperfective) to be driving ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂eǵ- (imperfective) to drive drive (countable and uncountable, plural drives) Motivation to do or achieve something; ability coupled with ambition. An act of driving animals forward, as to be captured, hunted etc. (military) A sustained advance in the face of the enemy to take a strategic objective. A mechanism used to power or give motion to a vehicle or other machine or machine part. (psychology) Desire or interest. (computer hardware) An apparatus for reading and writing data to or from a mass storage device such as a disk, as a floppy drive. (computer hardware) A mass storage device in which the mechanism for reading and writing data is integrated with the mechanism for storing data, as a hard drive, a flash drive. From Middle English driven, from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“support, hold”). Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰar- (“hold, stop, bear, carry, receive, hold up right”)

Answer 787

INTUITION Translations of intuition Noun διαίσθηση intuition προαίσθηση intuition, premonition, presentiment αισθητήριο intuition Completed observation intuition the perception and knowledge of certain things, which does not arise from the senses or logic but in an indefinite way αἰσθάνομαι feel I perceive with my senses αἴσθομαι another form of I feel αίσθησις feeling ( cleansing ) another form of feeling παρατηρώ Notice observe ( passive voice : observe ) I look with attention and for a long time something in order to understand or to learn something I understand something, e.g. a change, I note Have you noticed the change in his habits lately? I make a comment , I note I would like to note that in your argument you did not take into account the following ... I remark on someone, I appreciate , I argue παρατηρούμαι I am being observed τηρώ I observe ( for laws, rules, terms, customs etc ) I hold , enforce , comply with obeys the laws, is law-abiding apply and maintain we follow the traditions of our place supervise the implementation (of laws) two police officers were keeping order ( for log books ) I keep , have and fill in regularly every company is obliged to keep accounting books Suffix -τήριο • ( -tírio ) n added to a noun or verb to denote a machine or instrument : Wash ( pleno , " to wash " ) + -tirio ( -tirio ) → washing ( plyntirio , " washing coils " ) Dry ( stegnono , " to DRY " ) + -tirio ( -tirio ) → drying ( stegnotirio , " dryer " ) -τήριο added to a noun or verb to denote an action it completes : Unloose ( apolyo , " to dismiss / send away " ) + -tirio ( -tirio ) → Baccalaureate ( apolytirio , " school leaving certificate / diploma " ) Notify ( eidopoio , " to Inform " ) + -tirio ( -tirio ) → informative ( eidopoiitirio , " Informative notice " ) added to a noun or verb to denote a place : Judge ( dikazo , " to try " ) + -tirio ( -tirio ) → court ( dikastirio , " courtroom " ) Drill ( gymnazo , " to exercise " ) + -tirio ( -tirio ) → gym ( gymnastirio , " gymnasium " ) —————————————————————— intuition (n.) mid-15c., intuicioun, "insight, direct or immediate cognition, spiritual perception," originally theological, from Late Latin intuitionem (nominative intuitio) "a looking at, consideration," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin intueri "look at, consider," from in- "at, on" (from PIE root *en "in") + tueri "to look at, watch over" (see tutor (n.)). tutor (n.) late 14c., "guardian, custodian," from Old French tuteor "guardian, private teacher" (13c., Modern French tuteur), from Latin tutorem (nominative tutor) "guardian, watcher," from tutus, variant past participle of tueri "watch over, look at," a word of uncertain origin. De Vaan suggests the sense evolution is from "to protect," and suggests connection with Sanskrit tavas- "strong, powerful," Greek sōs "safe, safe and sound, healthy," from a root meaning "to be strong." Specific sense of "senior boy appointed to help a junior in his studies" is recorded from 1680s. ——————————————————- Translations of tutor Noun παιδαγωγός educator, tutor, pedagogue, governess, preceptor, governer επιμελητής trustee, tutor, caretaker, quartermaster, commissary οικοδιδάσκαλος tutor, governess προγυμναστής coach, tutor Verb διδάσκω ιδιαιτερώς tutor παιδᾰγωγός • (paidagōgós) m (genitive παιδᾰγωγοῦ); second declension originally, a slave who accompanied a child to and from school teacher, tutor guide, leader παῖς (paîs, “child”) +‎ ᾰ̓γωγός (agōgós, “guide, escort”) Adjective ᾰ̓γωγός • (agōgós) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓γωγόν); second declension leading, guiding (masculine substantive) guide, escort (with πρός (prós) or ἐπί (epí)) leading to drawing, attracting eliciting, evoking Verb ᾰ̓́γω • (ágō) (transitive) To lead, fetch, bring along (a living creature), take with (transitive) To carry off as captives or booty (transitive) To guide, command (an army, a ship); to march in war (transitive) To draw out (a line, wall, and so on) (geometry) To draw (a line) or describe (a plane) (transitive) To hold (an event); to celebrate or observe (festival) (transitive) To weigh down a scale by a certain amount, to have a certain weight (middle) I take for myself

Answer 788

SENCE - SENTENCE from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, to dissect”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Etymology From *sek- (“to cut”). Root *skey- to split, to dissect ``` Root *sek- to cut, cut off, sever ``` Verb sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation I can, know, understand, have knowledge. Scīsne ubi habitēmus? Do you know where we live? I know carnally. ``` Verb cōnsciō (present infinitive cōnscīre, perfect active cōnscīvī, supine cōnscītum); fourth conjugation, no passive I am conscious of, have on my conscience. I know well. Noun cōnscientia f (genitive cōnscientiae); first declension knowledge shared with others, being in the know or privy to, joint knowledge; complicity knowledge within oneself, consciousness, feeling knowledge within oneself of right or wrong; conscience; remorse Sententiae, the nominative plural of the Latin word sententia, are brief moral sayings, such as proverbs, adages, aphorisms, maxims, or apophthegms taken from ancient or popular or other sources, often quoted without context. Sententia, the nominative singular, also called a "sentence", is a kind of rhetorical proof. Through the invocation of a proverb, quotation, or witty turn of phrase during a presentation or conversation one may be able to gain the assent of the listener, who will hear a kind of non-logical, but agreed-upon truth in what one is saying. An example of this is the phrase "age is better with wine"[1] playing off of the adage "wine is better with age".[2] The same saying is present in Luke 5,39. Translations of sense Noun έννοια sense, meaning, concept, notion, connotation, construction αίσθηση sense, consciousness, sensation, percept νόημα meaning, sense, tenor, nod, sing λογικό sense, reason, sanity συναίσθημα feeling, sentiment, sense νους mind, nous, sense, intellect, wit γνώση knowledge, cognition, awareness, learning, cognizance, sense Verb διαισθάνομαι sense Translations of sense Noun sensus feeling, sense, thought, understanding, mind, sensation animus Soul, mind, heart, affections, purpose, sense mens mind, intention, intellect, faculties, understanding, sense caput head, chapter, capital, fountainhead, source, sense conscientia conscience, consciousness, knowledge, conscientiousness, sense, complicity voluntas Will, wish, desire, choice, inclination, sense opinio opinion, belief, report, notion, reputation, sense sententia sentence, opinion, judgment, view, decision, sense significatio signification, meaning, significance, sign, sense, indicating by a sign

Answer 789

OPINION - DOGMA - THINK - SUPPOSE - GLORIFY δοκεῖτε think V-PIA-2P Δόξαν Glory N-AFS ἐκδεχομένων awaiting V-PPM-GMP Translations of glorify Verb δοξάζω praise, glorify αποθεώνω glorify, deify, acclaim, apotheosize δοξάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: doxazó Phonetic Spelling: (dox-ad'-zo) Definition: to render or esteem glorious (in a wide application) Usage: I glorify, honor, bestow glory on. Cognate: 1392 doksázō (from 1391 /dóksa, "glory") – glorify; properly, to ascribe weight by recognizing real substance (value). See 1391 (doksa). "Glorifying (1392 /doksázō) God" means valuing Him for who He really is. For example, "giving (ascribing) glory to God" personally acknowledges God in His true character (essence). to honor, do honor to, hold in honor: τήν διακονίαν μου, by the most devoted administration of it endeavoring to convert as many Gentiles as possible to Christ, Romans 11:13; a member of the body, 1 Corinthians 12:26; Θεόν, to worship, Romans 1:21; with the adjunct ἐν τῷ σώματι, by keeping the body pure and sound, 1 Corinthians 6:20; τῷ θανάτῳ, to undergo death for the honor of God, John 21:19. to make glorious, adorn with lustre, clothe with splendor. to make renowned, render illustrious, i. e. to cause the dignity and worth of some person or thing to become manifest and acknowledged. δόξα, ης, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: doxa Phonetic Spelling: (dox'-ah) Definition: opinion (always good in NT), praise, honor, glory Usage: honor, renown; glory, an especially divine quality, the unspoken manifestation of God, splendor. ``` δοκέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: dokeó Phonetic Spelling: (dok-eh'-o) Definition: to have an opinion, to seem Usage: I think, seem, appear, it seems. HELPS Word-studies 1380 dokéō – properly, suppose (what "seems to be"), forming an opinion (a personal judgment, estimate). ``` 1380 /dokéō ("suppose") directly reflects the personal perspective (values) of the person making the subjective judgment call, i.e. showing what they esteem (or not) as an individual. [1380 (dokéō) is the root of: 1378 (dógma), 1391 (dóksa), and 2106 (eudokéō). Each cognate stresses "the subjective mental estimate or opinion about a matter" (R. Trench, 304).] suppose (v.) early 14c., "to assume as the basis of argument," from Old French suposer "to assume" (13c.), probably a replacement (influenced by Old French poser "put, place") of *suppondre, from Latin supponere "put or place under; to subordinate, make subject," from assimilated form of sub "under" (see sub-) + ponere "put, place" (past participle positus; see position (n.)). Meaning "to admit as possible, to believe to be true" is from 1520s. posit (v.) "to assert, lay down as a position or principle," 1690s, from Latin positus "placed, situated, standing, planted," past participle of ponere "put, place" (see position (n.)). Earlier in a literal sense of "dispose, range, place in relation to other objects" (1640s). Related: Posited; positing. compose (v.) c. 1400, compousen, "to write" (a book), from Old French composer "put together, compound; adjust, arrange; write" a work (12c.), from com- "with, together" (see com-) + poser "to place," from Late Latin pausare "to cease, lay down" (see pause (n.)). Meaning influenced in Old French by componere "to arrange, direct" (see composite; also see compound (v.), pose (v.)), which gradually was replaced in French by composer. Similar confusion is found in expose, oppose, repose (v.2), transpose, etc. Meaning "to make or form by uniting two or more things" is from late 15c. Sense of "be the substance or elements of, make up" is from 1540s. Sense of "invent and put (music) into proper form" is from 1590s. From c. 1600 as "bring into a composed state, to cal, quiet;" from 1650s as "place (parts or elements) in proper form, arrange." dispose (v.) late 14c., disposen, "set in order, place in a particular order; give direction or tendency to; incline the mind or heart of," from Old French disposer (13c.) "arrange, order, control, regulate" (influenced in form by poser "to place"), from Latin disponere "put in order, arrange, distribute," from dis- "apart" (see dis-) + ponere "to put, place" (past participle positus; see position (n.)). δοκέω • (dokéō) To expect, think, suppose, imagine To seem, to be thought [+dative = to someone, by someone], [+infinitive = that ...] (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to think (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems good [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to resolve To be reputed [+infinitive = that ...] Cognate to Latin doceō (“I teach, show, rehearse”) and Latin dīgnus (“fitting, worthy”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *deḱ- take perceive ``` Adjective dignus (feminine digna, neuter dignum, comparative dignior, superlative dignissimus); first/second-declension adjective appropriate, fitting, worthy, meet Vere dignum et justum est... - "It is truly right and just..." (from the Preface of the Roman Liturgy) (with ablative) worthy of be of reputation, seem good, suppose, think. A prolonged form of a primary verb, doko dok'-o (used only in an alternate in certain tenses; compare the base of deiknuo) of the same meaning; to think; by implication, to seem (truthfully or uncertainly) -- be accounted, (of own) please(-ure), be of reputation, seem (good), suppose, think, trow. see GREEK deiknuo ``` δείκνυμι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: deiknumi Phonetic Spelling: (dike-noo'-o) Definition: to show Usage: I point out, show, exhibit; met: I teach, demonstrate, make known. ``` show A prolonged form of an obsolete primary of the same meaning; to show (literally or figuratively) -- shew. δοκός • (dokós) m or f (genitive δοκοῦ); second declension the main beam, especially in a house beam a type of meteor From δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to accept, receive”) δέχομαι • (déchomai) deponent (past δέχτηκα/δέχθηκα) accept, receive δέχομαι συγχαρητήρια ― déchomai syncharitíria ― I receive congratulations (praisings) δέχομαι μια σφαίρα ― déchomai mia sfaíra ― I receive a bullet (I am shot) Δέχτηκα ένα τηλεφώνημα. Déchtika éna tilefónima. I received a phone call. Δέχεσαι τον Γιάννη για σύζυγό σου; — Δέχομαι. Déchesai ton Giánni gia sýzygó sou? — Déchomai. Do you accept John as your husband? — I do (accept). Related terms Compound verbs -and see their derivatives- αναδέχομαι (anadéchomai, “to undertake, to become a godfather or sponsor”) απεκδέχομαι (apekdéchomai, “to hope for, to expect”) αποδέχομαι (apodéchomai, “to accept, to agree”) διαδέχομαι (diadéchomai, “to succeed”) ενδέχεται (endéchetai, “it's possible, it may”) (impersonal, 3rd person) επιδέχομαι (epidéchomai, “to admit, to allow”) καλοδέχομαι (kalodéchomai, “to welcome”) (a modern compound) καταδέχομαι (katadéchomai, “to deign, to condescend”) παραδέχομαι (paradéchomai, “to concede, to acknowledge”) υποδέχομαι (ypodéchomai, “to welcome, to host, to receive”) Related words -and see their derivatives- δέκτης m (déktis, “receiver”) δεκτικός (dektikós) δεκτικότητα f (dektikótita) δεκτός (dektós, “accepted”) δεξαμενή f (dexamení, “water collector”) feminine nouns: αναδοχή f (anadochí), αποδοχή f (apodochí), διαδοχή f (diadochí), εισδοχή f (eisdochí), εκδοχή f (ekdochí), παραδοχή f (paradochí), υποδοχή f (ypodochí) -δόχος (-dóchos) δοχείο n (docheío, “container, vase”) ευπρόσδεκτος (efprósdektos, “welcome”) δόξᾰ • (dóxa) f (genitive δόξης); first declension expectation opinion, judgement, belief glory, honor ``` δόξα • (dóxa) f (plural δόξες) glory, kudos, fame pride star (of film, pop, etc) halo (on religious paintings) (colloquial): rainbow ``` Synonyms (fame) : φήμη f (fími) (halo) : φωτοστέφανο n (fotostéfano) (rainbow) : ουράνιο τόξο n (ouránio tóxo) Related terms αδόξαστος (adóxastos, “unhonoured”) άδοξος (ádoxos, “inglorious”) δοξάζω (doxázo, “to glorify, to praise”) δοξάζω • (doxázo) (past δόξασα, passive δοξάζομαι, p‑past δοξάστηκα, ppp δοξασμένος) glorify, praise ``` δόξῐς • (dóxis) f (genitive δόξεως); third declension expectation judgement opinion From δοκέω (dokéō) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). ``` δόξα, ης, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: doxa Phonetic Spelling: (dox'-ah) Definition: opinion (always good in NT), praise, honor, glory Usage: honor, renown; glory, an especially divine quality, the unspoken manifestation of God, splendor. 1391 dóksa (from dokeō, "exercising personal opinion which determines value") – glory. 1391 /dóksa ("glory") corresponds to the OT word, kabo (OT 3519, "to be heavy"). Both terms convey God's infinite, intrinsic worth (substance, essence). [1391 (dóksa) literally means "what evokes good opinion, i.e. that something has inherent, intrinsic worth" (J. Thayer).] dignity, glory, honor, praise, worship. From the base of dokeo; glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective) -- dignity, glory(-ious), honour, praise, worship. ``` δόγμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: dogma Phonetic Spelling: (dog'-mah) Definition: an opinion, (a public) decree Usage: a decree, edict, ordinance. ``` From the base of dokeo; a law (civil, ceremonial or ecclesiastical) -- decree, ordinance. δογμα δόγμα δόγμασι δογμασιν δόγμασιν δογματα δόγματα δόγματί δογματων δογμάτων ``` Englishman's Concordance Matthew 3:9 V-ASA-2P GRK: καὶ μὴ δόξητε λέγειν ἐν NAS: and do not suppose that you can say KJV: And think not to say INT: and not think to say within Matthew 6:7 V-PIA-3P GRK: οἱ ἐθνικοί δοκοῦσιν γὰρ ὅτι NAS: as the Gentiles do, for they suppose that they will be heard KJV: [do]: for they think that INT: the pagans they think indeed that ``` ``` Matthew 17:25 V-PIA-3S GRK: Τί σοι δοκεῖ Σίμων οἱ NAS: What do you think, Simon? KJV: saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? INT: What you think Simon The ``` ``` Matthew 18:12 V-PIA-3S GRK: τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ ἐὰν γένηταί NAS: What do you think? If any KJV: How think ye? if INT: What you do think If there should be ``` ``` Matthew 21:28 V-PIA-3S GRK: δὲ ὑμῖν δοκεῖ ἄνθρωπος εἶχεν NAS: But what do you think? A man had KJV: But what think ye? A [certain] man INT: however [do] you think a man had ``` ``` Matthew 22:17 V-PIA-3S GRK: τί σοι δοκεῖ ἔξεστιν δοῦναι NAS: what do You think? Is it lawful KJV: What thinkest thou? INT: what you think Is it lawful to give ``` ``` Matthew 22:42 V-PIA-3S GRK: Τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ περὶ τοῦ NAS: What do you think about the Christ, KJV: Saying, What think ye of INT: What you think concerning the ``` ``` Matthew 24:44 V-PIA-2P GRK: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ ὁ NAS: when you do not think [He will]. KJV: an hour as ye think not INT: in that not you think hour the ``` ``` Matthew 26:53 V-PIA-2S GRK: ἢ δοκεῖς ὅτι οὐ NAS: Or do you think that I cannot appeal KJV: Thinkest thou that I cannot INT: Or think you that not ``` ``` Matthew 26:66 V-PIA-3S GRK: τί ὑμῖν δοκεῖ οἱ δὲ NAS: what do you think? They answered, KJV: What think ye? They answered INT: What you do think moreover ``` Mark 6:49 V-AIA-3P GRK: θαλάσσης περιπατοῦντα ἔδοξαν ὅτι φάντασμά NAS: on the sea, they supposed that it was a ghost, KJV: the sea, they supposed it had been INT: sea walking they thought that a ghost Mark 10:42 V-PPA-NMP GRK: ὅτι οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν τῶν NAS: that those who are recognized as rulers KJV: that they which are accounted to rule INT: that those who are accounted to rule over the ``` Luke 1:3 V-AIA-3S GRK: ἔδοξε κἀμοὶ παρηκολουθηκότι NAS: it seemed fitting for me as well, KJV: It seemed good to me also, INT: it seemed good also to me having been acquainted ``` ``` Luke 8:18 V-PIA-3S GRK: καὶ ὃ δοκεῖ ἔχειν ἀρθήσεται NAS: what he thinks he has KJV: even that which he seemeth to have. INT: even what he seems to have will be taken ``` ``` Luke 10:36 V-PIA-3S GRK: τριῶν πλησίον δοκεῖ σοι γεγονέναι NAS: three do you think proved KJV: of these three, thinkest thou, was INT: three a neighbor seems to you to have been ``` ``` Luke 12:40 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὥρᾳ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὁ υἱὸς NAS: at an hour that you do not expect. KJV: cometh at an hour when ye think not. INT: hour not you expect the Son ``` ``` Luke 12:51 V-PIA-2P GRK: δοκεῖτε ὅτι εἰρήνην NAS: Do you suppose that I came to grant KJV: Suppose ye that I am come INT: Think you that peace ``` Luke 13:2 V-PIA-2P GRK: εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Δοκεῖτε ὅτι οἱ NAS: And Jesus said to them, Do you suppose that these KJV: said unto them, Suppose ye that these INT: he said to them Think you that ``` Luke 13:4 V-PIA-2P GRK: ἀπέκτεινεν αὐτούς δοκεῖτε ὅτι αὐτοὶ NAS: Or do you suppose that those eighteen KJV: slew them, think ye that they INT: killed them think you that these ``` ``` Luke 19:11 V-PNA GRK: αὐτὸν καὶ δοκεῖν αὐτοὺς ὅτι NAS: Jerusalem, and they supposed that the kingdom KJV: because they thought that INT: he and thought they that ``` Luke 22:24 V-PIA-3S GRK: τίς αὐτῶν δοκεῖ εἶναι μείζων NAS: them [as to] which one of them was regarded to be greatest. KJV: of them should be accounted the greatest. INT: which of them is thought to be [the] greater Luke 24:37 V-IIA-3P GRK: ἔμφοβοι γενόμενοι ἐδόκουν πνεῦμα θεωρεῖν NAS: and frightened and thought that they were seeing KJV: affrighted, and supposed that they had seen INT: filled with fear having been they thought a spirit they beheld ``` John 5:39 V-PIA-2P GRK: ὅτι ὑμεῖς δοκεῖτε ἐν αὐταῖς NAS: because you think that in them you have KJV: them ye think ye have eternal INT: for you think in them ``` ``` John 5:45 V-PMA-2P GRK: μὴ δοκεῖτε ὅτι ἐγὼ NAS: Do not think that I will accuse KJV: Do not think that I INT: not Think that I ``` ``` John 11:13 V-AIA-3P GRK: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἔδοξαν ὅτι περὶ NAS: of his death, but they thought that He was speaking KJV: but they thought that he had spoken INT: they however thought that of ``` δοκει δοκεί δοκεῖ δοκειν δοκείν δοκεῖν δοκεις δοκείς δοκεῖς δοκειτε δοκείτε δοκεῖτε δοκη δοκή δοκῇ δοκουμεν δοκούμεν δοκοῦμεν δοκουν δοκούν δοκοῦν δοκουντα δοκούντα δοκοῦντα δοκουντες δοκούντες δοκοῦντες δοκουντων δοκούντων δοκουσα δοκούσα δοκοῦσα δοκούσαι δοκούσι δοκουσιν δοκοῦσιν δοκω δοκώ δοκῶ δοκων δοκών δοκῶν δόξαντα δοξαντες δόξαντες δόξει δοξη δόξη δόξῃ δοξητε δόξητε δοξω δόξω εδοκει εδόκει ἐδόκει εδοκουν εδόκουν ἐδόκουν εδοξα έδοξα ἔδοξα εδοξαν έδοξαν ἔδοξαν εδοξε έδοξε ἔδοξε εδοξεν έδοξεν ἔδοξεν

Answer 790

I HAVE KNOWN (all of you) ἔγνωκα I have known V-RIA-1S

Answer 791

HE / SHE / IT - HAD KNOWN ᾔδει Had known V-LIA-3S

Answer 792

RATUS ``` Etymology 1 Perfect active (or passive, with active meaning) participle of reor (“I think, I consider”). ``` Participle ratus (feminine rata, neuter ratum); first/second-declension participle considered, having considered. judged, having judged —————————————- Adjective ratus (feminine rata, neuter ratum); first/second-declension adjective established, authoritative fixed, certain

Answer 793

UNITING THOUGHTS - COHERENT σῠ́νεσῐς • (súnesis) f (genitive σῠνέσεως); third declension a conflux, uniting, coming together understanding, intelligence conscience a branch of art or science a decision or decree (Gnosticism) one of the aeons or emanations of the Godhead, representing intelligence From σῠνῑ́ημῐ (sunī́ēmi, “bring together”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). σῠνῑ́ημῐ • (sunī́ēmi) to send together, to bring together or set together (middle) to come together, to come to an agreement (figuratively) to perceive, hear to be aware of, take notice of, observe to understand From συν- (“with, together”) +‎ ἵημι (híēmi, “to send”) ``` Verb ῑ̔́ημῐ • (hī́ēmi) I release, let go (of sounds) I utter, speak, say I throw, shoot, hurl (of water) I let flow, flow, spout forth I send (middle) I speed myself, hasten (middle, with infinitive) I am eager, I desire (to do something) (middle, with genitive) I am set upon, long for ``` ἀφῑ́ημῐ • (aphī́ēmi) to send forth, discharge, emit to let fall from one's grasp (in prose) to send forth, dispatch to give up or hand over to send away (of people) to let go, loose, set free to let go, dissolve, disband, break up, dismiss to put away, divorce to let go as an ἄφετος (áphetos) (of things) to get rid of, shed, give up (with πλοῖον (ploîon)) to set sail (law) to remit, excuse to leave alone, pass by, not notice (with accusative and infitive) to donate to public property (with accusative and infinitive) to allow, let, permit Antonym: ἐμποδίζω (empodízō) (seemingly intransitive) to break up, march, sail (with infinitive) to give up doing (in middle voice) to send forth from oneself to loose something of one's own (often in Attic, with genitive) to let go of From ἀπό (apó, “from, away from”) + ἵημι (híēmi, “to send, throw”) ``` ἀνίημῐ • (aníēmi) let go, loosen release incite, impel, prompt, expose, lay bare ``` ἀνα- (ana-) +‎ ἵημι (híēmi) ``` Noun ᾰ̓́νεσῐς • (ánesis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νέσεως); third declension a loosening, relaxing remission, abatement relaxation, recreation indulgence, license ``` ``` ἐφίημῐ • (ephíēmi) to send to to let fly to lay hands on to incite to bring, impose (troubles etc. upon someone) (in middle) to enjoin upon, command ``` ἐπι- (epi-) +‎ ἵημι (híēmi) ἐπᾰνῑ́ημῐ • (epanī́ēmi) I let loose at (construed with the accusative) I let go, I give up I dismiss, I remit (construed with the genitive) I release from (transitive) I relax (intransitive) I relax, I leave off, I slacken, I become easier ἐπι- (epi-) +‎ ἀνα- (ana-) +‎ ἵημι (híēmi) προΐημι • (proḯēmi) to send forth to hurl, launch προ- (pro-) +‎ ἵημι (híēmi)

Answer 794

SEE WITH THE MINDS EYE ``` Verb ὄσσομαι • (óssomai) (Epic) to see with the mind's eye to presage, have a foreboding of to bode, forebode (something evil) ``` From Proto-Hellenic *óťťomai, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ékʷ-ye/o- (“to see”); cognate with ὄψομαι (ópsomai, “I will see”).

Answer 795

TO KNOW SOMETHING - BE FAMILIAR WITH DID YOU KNOW… ξέρατε ότι Did you know that? Το ήξερες αυτό Did you know this? τον ήξερες Did you know him? ήξερες γιατί το έκανε αυτό; Did you know why he did that? ξερεις γιατι το εκανε αυτο; Do you know why he did that? ξέρεις τι να κάνεις? Do you know what to do? ξερεις γιατι ειναι αυτο? Do you know what that is for? ξέρεις • (xéreis) 2nd person singular present form of ξέρω (xéro). θα ξέρεις: 2nd person singular imperfective future form of ξέρω (xéro). να ξέρεις: 2nd person singular present subjunctive form of ξέρω (xéro). να ξέρεις: 2nd person singular perfective future subjunctive form of ξέρω (xéro). Verb ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για (gia)) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. I, at least, know her as a very calm person. Synonyms (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) Derived terms[edit] ξέρω ’γω; (xéro ’go?, “I've no idea”, literally “do I know?”) Noun ξερόλας • (xerólas) m (plural ξερόλες, feminine ξερόλα) (colloquial, derogatory) know-it-all, know-all, clever dick, smart ass, smarty pants (someone who pretends to know everything or has an opinion to offer on all subjects) Φυσικά, ο άνδρας της, ο ξερόλας, μας είπε πώς να κάνουμε τη δουλειά σωστά. Fysiká, o ándras tis, o xerólas, mas eípe pós na kánoume ti douleiá sostá. Of course, her husband, the know-it-all, told us how to do the job properly. ξέρω (xéro, “to know”) +‎ όλα (óla, “everything, all”) +‎ -ας (-as, “-er”). ———————————————————- ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για (gia)) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. I, at least, know her as a very calm person. ———————————————————- SUFFIX Suffix[edit] -ᾱς • (-ās) The nominative singular ending of masculine first-declension nouns in most dialects. Replaced by -ης (-ēs) in all cases in Ionic, and in most cases in Attic. The genitive singular ending of feminine first-declension nouns and adjectives in many dialects. Replaced by -ης (-ēs) in all cases in Ionic, and in most cases in Attic. The accusative plural ending of all first-declension nouns and adjectives in many dialects. -ᾰς (-as) or -ᾰνς (-ans), -αις (-ais), and -αιρ (-air) are used by dialects attested from inscriptions. Etymology 2 Pronunciation Suffix -ᾰς • (-as) The accusative plural ending of most third-declension nouns and many third-declension adjectives. -ᾰνς (-ans) is also used in the Cretan dialect. The accusative plural ending of first-declension nouns and adjectives in various dialects attested in inscriptions: see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension § First declension. Etymology 3 Metanalysis of *-sants, a combination of the typical suffix of the first aorist active stem *-sa and *-nts (from Proto-Indo-European *-onts). Several other participial formations also descend from a form in *-nts: the present active -ων (-ōn), the second aorist active in -ών (-ṓn), the contracted present active and contracted future active in -ῶν (-ôn), the aorist passive in -είς (-eís), and several present active and aorist active athematic forms like ἱστᾱ́ς (histā́s) and στᾱ́ς (stā́s). Suffix -ας • (-as) m (feminine -ᾱσᾰ, neuter -ᾰν); first/third declension first aorist active participle ending ‎δειξ- (deix-, first aorist stem of δείκνῡμι (deíknūmi)) + ‎-ας (-as) → ‎δείξᾱς (deíxās) ‎λῡσ- (lūs-, first aorist stem of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)) + ‎-ας (-as) → ‎λῡ́σᾱς (lū́sās) ‎μειν- (mein-, first aorist stem of μένω (ménō)) + ‎-ας (-as) → ‎μείνᾱς (meínās) ——————————————————- παντογνώστης • (pantognóstis) m (plural παντογνώστες, feminine παντογνώστρια) a person who is all-knowing, omniscient Adjective πάνσοφος • (pánsofos) m (feminine πάνσοφη, neuter πάνσοφο) omniscient, all-knowing, pansophic very learned or wise πάνσοφα (pánsofa, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) πανσοφία f (pansofía, “omniscience”) πανσόφως (pansófos, “most wisely, omnisciently”, adverb) (formal) σοφός • (sofós) m (plural σοφοί) a wise man, a sage

Answer 796

RESPECT - AWE - REVERE - FEAR Translations of respect Noun σεβασμός respect, consideration, deference, veneration, respectfulness εκτίμηση assessment, appreciation, estimate, estimation, evaluation, respect σέβας respect, reverence, awe, regard, homage Verb σέβομαι respect, venerate, revere, defer, defer to εκτιμώ appreciate, estimate, assess, value, evaluate, respect αφορώ concern, regard, respect, touch Verb σέβομαι • (sébomai) to feel awe or fear before God, especially when about to do something disgraceful; to feel shame, religious awe. Verb σέβω • (sébō) (post-Homeric) to honour with pious awe, to worship, venerate. Adjective εὐσεβής • (eusebḗs) m or f (neuter εὐσεβές); third declension pious, righteous, reverent to the gods Synonyms: θρῆσκος (thrêskos), ὅσιος (hósios) reverent to the Emperor [AD 4th C.] holy εὐ- (“well”) +‎ σέβομαι (“to have awe”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix) Adjective ἀσεβής • (asebḗs) m or f (neuter ἀσεβές); second declension ungodly, godless, unholy, profane, sinful, sacrilegious From ἀ- (“un-”) +‎ σέβομαι (“I feel awe”) +‎ -ής (adjective suffix). ᾰ̓σέβειᾰ f (asébeia, “impiety”) ᾰ̓σεβέω (asebéō, “I am impious, sin”) ᾰ̓σέβημα n (asébēma, “impious act”) and see σέβας (sébas, “reverential awe”), σέβομαι (sébomai, “revere, worship”), σέβω (sébō, “worship, honour”) ασέβεια f (aséveia, “disrespectfulness, contempt, impiousness”) ασεβής (asevís, “disrespectful, impious”) άσεβος (ásevos, “disrespectful, impious”) ασεβώς (asevós, adverb) (formal) and see: ευσεβής (efsevís, “pious, devout”), σεβασμός m (sevasmós, “respect”) Coptic: ⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ (asebēs) Greek: ασεβής (asevís) Noun σέβας • (sévas) n (plural σέβη) respect (plural) a respectful greeting (in the plural, formal expression): τα σέβη μου (ta sévi mou, “my respects!”) Synonym: τα σεβάσματά μου (ta sevásmatá mou) ``` ασέβεια f (aséveia, “disrespectfulness”) ευσέβεια f (efséveia, “piousness”) θεοσέβεια f (theoséveia, “piousness”) σεβαστός (sevastós, “respected, venerable”) and see: σέβομαι (sévomai, “respect”) ``` Noun ασέβεια • (aséveia) f (plural ασέβειες) disrespect, disrespectfulness, contempt, impiety, impiousness Του επιβλήθηκε πρόστιμο για ασέβεια προς το δικαστήριο. Tou epivlíthike próstimo gia aséveia pros to dikastírio. He was fined for contempt of court. Synonyms: περιφρόνηση (perifrónisi), ανευλάβεια (anevláveia) Antonym: σεβασμός (sevasmós) (religion) impiety Synonyms: περιφρόνηση (perifrónisi), ανευλάβεια (anevláveia) Antonyms: ευσέβεια (efséveia), θεοσέβεια (theoséveia) an insulting behaviour or word Αυτό που είπες ήταν μεγάλη ασέβεια, ντροπή σου! Aftó pou eípes ítan megáli aséveia, dropí sou! What you said was a huge insult, shame on you! Synonyms: προσβολή (prosvolí), απρέπεια (aprépeia) Adverb ασεβώς • (asevós) (comparative ασεβέστερα, absolute superlative ασεβέστατα) (formal) disrespectfully, with contempt in polytonic script: ἀσεβῶς Adjective άσεβα • (áseva) Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of άσεβος (ásevos). Adverb άσεβα • (áseva) impiously Verb ασεβώ • (asevó) (past ασέβησα, passive —) show disrespect for everything sacred, holy or revered Adverb ευσεβώς • (efsevós) (comparative ευσεβέστερα, absolute superlative ευσεβέστατα) (religion) piously, devoutly ευσεβής (efsevís, “respecful, pious”) Adverb ευσεβάστως • (efsevástos) (dated, Katharevousa) with utmost respect, extremely respectfully (dated valediction, close in formal documents) in polytonic script: εὐσεβάστως Synonyms (for correspondence: valedictions, complimentary closes) με σεβασμό (me sevasmó, “with respect”) μετά τιμής (metá timís, “with honour”) (formal) με εκτίμηση (me ektímisi, “with esteem”) Adjective ευσέβαστος • (efsévastos) m (feminine ευσέβαστος, neuter ευσέβαστον) (dated, Katharevousa) extremely respected in polytonic script: εὐσέβαστος εὖ (“well”) +‎ σεβαστός (“respected”). Adjective αξιοσέβαστος • (axiosévastos) m (feminine αξιοσέβαστη, neuter αξιοσέβαστο) respectable Adjective ασεβής • (asevís) m (feminine ασεβής, neuter ασεβές) disrespectful (religion) impious —————————————————————— Adjective ανευλαβής • (anevlavís) m (feminine ανευλαβής, neuter ανευλαβές) disrespectful, impious Synonym: ασεβής (asevís) ανευλάβεια f (anevláveia, “disrespect, impiety”) Noun ανευλάβεια • (anevláveia) f (plural ανευλάβειες) disrespect, contempt, impiety Synonyms: ασέβεια (aséveia), περιφρόνηση (perifrónisi) insulting behaviour ————————————————————— Noun περιφρόνηση • (perifrónisi) f (uncountable) scorn, contempt, disdain From Ancient Greek περῐφρόνησῐς (periphrónēsis, “contempt”). Noun περῐφρόνησῐς • (periphrónēsis) f (genitive περῐφρονήσεως); third declension contempt, scorn, disdain From περῐφρονέω (periphronéō, “to despise”) +‎ -σις (-sis). Verb περῐφρονέω • (periphronéō) to compass in thought, speculate about to overlook, despise περι- (peri-) +‎ φρονέω (phronéō) Verb φρονέω • (phronéō) to think, to have understanding, to be wise, prudent to be minded in a certain way, to mean, intend, purpose (with a neuter adjective) to have certain thoughts towards someone (preceded by μέγα (méga)) to be high-minded, to have high thoughts, to be sprited and bold (in Attic, in a bad sense) to be heady, presumptuous, conceited, proud to agree, to side with to have a thing in one's mind, mind, take heed to be in possession of one's senses, to be sensible, to be alive. From o-grade of the root of φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”) +‎ -έω (-éō). Noun φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension (often in the plural) The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger The seat of intellect, wits, mind will, purpose From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”). Related to Old Norse grunr (“suspicion”). Synonyms (seat of emotions): θῡμός (thūmós), πραπίς (prapís) ———————————————————- ``` Noun θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind ``` ``` ἀγρῐόθῡμος (agrióthūmos) ἀθῡμία (athūmía) ἀπροθῡμία (aprothūmía) αὐτοεπιθῡμία (autoepithūmía) βαρυθῡμία (baruthūmía) γλυκυθῡμία (glukuthūmía) Δᾰμᾰσῐ́θῡμος (Damasíthūmos) διθῡμία (dithūmía) δυσθῡμία (dusthūmía) ἐκθῡμία (ekthūmía) ἐνθῡμία (enthūmía) ἐπιθῡμία (epithūmía) εὐθῡμία (euthūmía) θῡμαλγής (thūmalgḗs) Θυμοίτης (Thumoítēs) κᾰκόθῡμος (kakóthūmos) μακροθῡμία (makrothūmía) μικροθῡμία (mikrothūmía) ὀβρῐμόθῡμος (obrimóthūmos) ὀξυθύμια (oxuthúmia) προεπιθῡμία (proepithūmía) προθῡμία (prothūmía) ῥᾴθῡμος (rhā́ithūmos) ``` ``` From Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós) from Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Noun θυμός • (thymós) m (plural θυμοί) anger, rage ``` ``` Synonym Noun οργή • (orgí) f (uncountable) rage, anger, wrath παραφορά f (paraforá, “wild excitement”) Synonyms θυμός m (thymós) ``` Noun ὀργή • (orgḗ) f (genitive ὀργῆς); first declension temper, temperament, disposition, nature, heart passion, anger, wrath From Proto-Indo-European *worǵéh₂, from the root *werǵ-; equivalent to ἔρδω (érdō) +‎ -η (-ē). Compare Proto-Celtic *wergā. ``` Verb ὀργάω • (orgáō) I ripen (of living things) I am sexually aroused or on heat I am eager, ready, excited ``` Noun ὀργασμός • (orgasmós) m (genitive ὀργασμοῦ); second declension orgasm ὀργάω (orgáō) +‎ -σμός (-smós) ὀργίζω (orgízō, “to make angry”) Verb ἔρδω • (érdō) (poetic) (intransitive) to act (as opposed to speaking or being acted on) (transitive) to do, perform to perform sacrifices (transitive) to do something to someone (with two accusatives)

Answer 797

CONSCIENCE συνειδήσεως conscience N-GFS ``` συνείδησις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: suneidésis Phonetic Spelling: (soon-i'-day-sis) Definition: consciousness, conscience Usage: the conscience, a persisting notion. HELPS Word-studies 4893 syneídēsis (from 4862 /sýn, "together with" and 1492 /eídō "to know, see") – properly, joint-knowing, i.e. conscience which joins moral and spiritual consciousness as part of being created in the divine image. Accordingly, all people have this God-given capacity to know right from wrong because each is a free moral agent (cf. Jn 1:4,7,9; Gen 1:26,27). ``` ["Conscience (4893 /syneídēsis) is an innate discernment, self-judging consciousness" (A-S).] ``` σύνοιδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: suneidon Phonetic Spelling: (soon-i'-do) Definition: to see together, to comprehend Usage: I know, consider, am privy to. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from sun and eidon ``` εἶδος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: eidos Phonetic Spelling: (i'-dos) Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class. HELPS Word-studies 1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, "to see, apprehend") – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes "what is physically seen" (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida). Example: 1491 /eídos ("visible appearance") refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: "And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove"; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: "And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming"; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: "You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form." ``` συνειδησει συνειδήσει συνειδησεσιν συνειδήσεσιν συνειδησεως συνειδήσεως συνειδήσεώς συνειδησιν συνείδησιν συνειδησις συνείδησις ``` Englishman's Concordance Acts 23:1 N-DFS GRK: ἐγὼ πάσῃ συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ πεπολίτευμαι NAS: good conscience before God KJV: good conscience before God INT: I in all conscience good have conducted myself Acts 24:16 N-AFS GRK: ἀσκῶ ἀπρόσκοπον συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρὸς NAS: a blameless conscience [both] before KJV: always a conscience void of offence INT: exercise without offense a conscience to have toward Romans 2:15 N-GFS GRK: αὐτῶν τῆς συνειδήσεως καὶ μεταξὺ NAS: in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness KJV: their conscience also bearing witness, INT: their conscience and between ``` Romans 9:1 N-GFS GRK: μοι τῆς συνειδήσεώς μου ἐν NAS: I am not lying, my conscience testifies KJV: not, my conscience also bearing me INT: me the conscience of me in [the] ``` ``` Romans 13:5 N-AFS GRK: διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν NAS: but also for conscience' sake. KJV: but also for conscience sake. INT: on account of the conscience ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 8:7 N-NFS GRK: καὶ ἡ συνείδησις αὐτῶν ἀσθενὴς NAS: it were sacrificed to an idol; and their conscience being KJV: some with conscience of the idol INT: and this conscience of them weak ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 8:10 N-NFS GRK: οὐχὶ ἡ συνείδησις αὐτοῦ ἀσθενοῦς NAS: in an idol's temple, will not his conscience, if he is weak, KJV: not the conscience of him INT: not the conscience of him weak ``` 1 Corinthians 8:12 N-AFS GRK: αὐτῶν τὴν συνείδησιν ἀσθενοῦσαν εἰς NAS: and wounding their conscience when it is weak, KJV: their weak conscience, ye sin against INT: their conscience weak against ``` 1 Corinthians 10:25 N-AFS GRK: διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν NAS: asking questions for conscience' sake; KJV: question for conscience sake: INT: on account of conscience ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 10:27 N-AFS GRK: διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν NAS: asking questions for conscience' sake. KJV: question for conscience sake. INT: on account of conscience ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 10:28 N-AFS GRK: καὶ τὴν συνείδησιν τοῦ γὰρ NAS: who informed [you], and for conscience' sake; KJV: and for conscience sake: for INT: and conscience for ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 10:29 N-AFS GRK: συνείδησιν δὲ λέγω NAS: not your own conscience, but the other KJV: Conscience, I say, INT: Conscience moreover I say ``` ``` 1 Corinthians 10:29 N-GFS GRK: ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως NAS: judged by another's conscience? KJV: of another [man's] conscience? INT: by another's conscience ``` 2 Corinthians 1:12 N-GFS GRK: μαρτύριον τῆς συνειδήσεως ἡμῶν ὅτι NAS: the testimony of our conscience, that in holiness KJV: of our conscience, that INT: testimony of the conscience of us that ``` 2 Corinthians 4:2 N-AFS GRK: πρὸς πᾶσαν συνείδησιν ἀνθρώπων ἐνώπιον NAS: man's conscience in the sight KJV: man's conscience in the sight INT: to every conscience of men before ``` 2 Corinthians 5:11 N-DFP GRK: ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσιν ὑμῶν πεφανερῶσθαι NAS: also in your consciences. KJV: in your consciences. INT: in the consciences of you to have been revealed ``` 1 Timothy 1:5 N-GFS GRK: καρδίας καὶ συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς καὶ NAS: and a good conscience and a sincere KJV: [of] a good conscience, and INT: a heart and a conscience good and ``` ``` 1 Timothy 1:19 N-AFS GRK: καὶ ἀγαθὴν συνείδησιν ἥν τινες NAS: and a good conscience, which KJV: and a good conscience; which some INT: and a good conscience which some ``` ``` 1 Timothy 3:9 N-DFS GRK: ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει NAS: of the faith with a clear conscience. KJV: in a pure conscience. INT: in pure a conscience ``` 1 Timothy 4:2 N-AFS GRK: τὴν ἰδίαν συνείδησιν NAS: in their own conscience as with a branding iron, KJV: their conscience seared with a hot iron; INT: the own conscience ``` 2 Timothy 1:3 N-DFS GRK: ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον NAS: with a clear conscience the way KJV: pure conscience, that INT: with pure conscience how unceasingly ``` ``` Titus 1:15 N-NFS GRK: καὶ ἡ συνείδησις NAS: their mind and their conscience are defiled. KJV: mind and conscience is defiled. INT: and the conscience ``` Hebrews 9:9 N-AFS GRK: δυνάμεναι κατὰ συνείδησιν τελειῶσαι τὸν NAS: the worshiper perfect in conscience, KJV: as pertaining to the conscience; INT: being able as to conscience to perfect him who ``` Hebrews 9:14 N-AFS GRK: καθαριεῖ τὴν συνείδησιν ἡμῶν ἀπὸ NAS: cleanse your conscience from dead KJV: purge your conscience from dead INT: will purify the conscience of us from ``` Hebrews 10:2 N-AFS GRK: ἔχειν ἔτι συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν τοὺς NAS: longer have had consciousness of sins? KJV: no more conscience of sins. INT: having any longer conscience of sins those who

Answer 798

SURE - CERTAIN - CONFIDENT TO BE CERTAIN - CONFIDENT - SECURE - SAFE σιγουριά confidence, certainty, security, safety. να είσαι σίγουρος To be certain. (certainty, absence of doubt) Confidence. ``` σιγουριά confidence a situation in which one feels safe ≈ Synonyms : security ≠ antonyms : insecurity the property of the sure ≈ Synonyms : certainty ≠ antonyms : uncertainty , doubt ``` σιγουράδα Sure σίγουρος sure, -η, -ο which evokes a sense of security and confidence , which removes the feeling of uncertainty and anxiety safe car / bay / port / shelter ( for a person ) who feels safe and / or confident about something Are you sure this is the way it should be? which is considered unquestionable , certain and guaranteed its success is certain σιγούρεμα sure the energy and the result I am sure σιγουράρισμα make sure σιγουρεύω Make sure , prt . : σιγούρευα , στ.μέλλ . : Do as a person who is “certain” does. I will make sure , aor . : Be sure , path.foni : I make sure , mtch.p.p .: Making sure I put something in a safe place I confirm or secure something, trying to prevent some possible negative turn (see and make sure ) I closed it leaving the front door, but to make sure , I will go back to look again σιγουρεύομαι Being sure about something. Being confident. I make sure , prt . : Sure , st.mell . : I will make sure , aor . : Made sure , mtch.p.p .: Making sure I do what it takes to be absolutely sure about something he turned back to make sure he had locked the front door σιγουράρω Make sure ———————————————————

Answer 799

TO CARE - CONCERN - WORRY γνοιάζω έγνοια Concern concern and concept female something that occupies the mind of a person, that he wants to take care of, that he cares about γνοιάζομαι I care ( populist ) another form of I care γνοιάζομαι

Answer 800

TO CARE - CAREFREE - WITHOUT WORRY ξεγνοιάζω (xegnoiazo) I care another form of worry ξεγνοιασιά Carefree carefree female another form of carelessness ξέγνοιασμα carefree neutral (& carefree ) the result of worrying , the relief after completing one 's obligations or when one's responsibilities somehow end There is no carelessness if you are a housewife and a baby mom ξέγνοιαστος carefree another form of carefree ————————————————————— SUFFIX ξε- (-un, not, without property) ``` ξε- xe- or xe- and x- ( for verbs ) opposite energy of the original word ξε βάφω , the end of the state indicated by the original word ξε νυστάζω out , out un portizo , un born , un Barks ( emphasis , exaggeration ) completely un kardizomai , un gods , un deafen ( oral ) in casual compositions and stereotypes: shows rejection or indifference I said ξ I said ≈ Synonyms : μ- ``` https: //translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fel.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2FΚατηγορία%3AΛέξεις_με_πρόθημα_ξε-_(νέα_ελληνικά)&anno=2&prev=search https: //translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fel.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2Fξεγνοιασιά&prev=search

Answer 801

IMITATE μιμούμαι ape, imitate, emulate, mimic, mime, monkey μῖμος • (mîmos) m (genitive μῑ́μου); second declension mime, actor imitation, mimicking mime (a drama of everyday life without choir) μῑ́μησῐς • (mī́mēsis) f (genitive μῑμήσεως); third declension simulation From μῑμέομαι (“to simulate”) +‎ -σις (verbal noun suffix). μῑμέομαι • (mīméomai) I mimic ``` Noun imāgō f (genitive imāginis); third declension image, imitation, likeness, statue, representation ancestral image ghost, apparition semblance, appearance, shadow echo conception, thought reminder (rhetoric) comparison (art) depiction ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eym- (“to imitate”) ———————————————————- IMAGINE φαντάζομαι imagine, fancy, visualize, conceive, image

Answer 802

SIMULATE - SIMULACRA From προσ- (toward) + ποιέομαι (I am made) = ποιέω (make poetry) ``` ποιέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: poieó Phonetic Spelling: (poy-eh'-o) Short Definition: I do, make Definition: (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. ``` of the things made, to produce, construct, form, fashion. to create, to produce: of God, as the author of all things. joined to nouns denoting a state or condition, it signifies to be the author of, to cause: joined to nouns involving the idea of action (or of something which is accomplished by action), so as to form a periphrasis for the verb cognate to the substantive, and thus to express the idea of the verb more forcibly — in which species of periphrasis the Greeks more commonly use the middle (ποιοῦμαι) ποιοῦμαι (poioumai) — 2 Occurrences Acts 20:24 V-PIM-1S GRK: οὐδενὸς λόγου ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν NAS: But “I do not consider” my life of any KJV: “of these things that make me”, neither INT: not any account “I make my life” ``` Romans 1:9 V-PIM-1S GRK: μνείαν ὑμῶν ποιοῦμαι NAS: unceasingly I make mention KJV: without ceasing I make mention INT: mention of you I make ``` ———————————————————— προσποιούμαι pretend, feign, feint, affect, make believe, simulate προσποιούμαι feign , mtch.p.e .: pretending , p.aor .: pretended ( deponent ) I feign to show a fake , not real image of self my υποκρίνομαι pretend, feign, dissemble, cant, counterfeit, simulate μῖμος • (mîmos) m (genitive μῑ́μου); second declension mime, actor imitation, mimicking mime (a drama of everyday life without choir) μῑ́μησῐς • (mī́mēsis) f (genitive μῑμήσεως); third declension simulation From μῑμέομαι (“to simulate”) +‎ -σις (verbal noun suffix). μῑμέομαι • (mīméomai) I mimic ``` προσποιούμαι ape I do what someone else does ≈ Synonyms : copy young people imitate faces they admire I use something as a template or model art imitates nature ``` μίμηση imitation the energy and the effect of ape μιμητής imitator μιμητικός mimetic μιμικός mimic μιμητισμός imitation μίμος mime simulation (countable and uncountable, plural simulations) Something that simulates a system or environment in order to predict actual behaviour. This exercise is a simulation of actual battle conditions. The most reliable simulation predicts that the hurricane will turn north. The process of simulating. Despite extensive simulation in the design phase, the aircraft failed to behave as expected. (video games) A video game designed to convey a more or less realistic experience, as of a sport or warfare. Some kids in the classroom will be playing simulations after school. Assuming an appearance which is feigned, or not true. (soccer) The act of falling over in order to be awarded a foul, when no foul has been committed. simulō (present infinitive simulāre, perfect active simulāvī, supine simulātum); first conjugation I make like, simulate, imitate, copy, represent I feign, pretend I behave or act (as if, as though) Adjective similis (neuter simile, comparative similior, superlative simillimus, adverb similiter); third-declension two-termination adjective similar (takes a dative object) similar to, like, resembling. from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós) ``` Adjective ὁμᾰλός • (homalós) m (feminine ὁμᾰλή, neuter ὁμᾰλόν); first/second declension (of a surface) even, level Antonym: τραχύς (trakhús) (of a sediment) uniform in consistency (of motion) even, equable (of circumstances) equal, on a level not remarkable, middling, average, ordinary ``` ὁμός (homós, “similar”) Latin similis (“similar”) and Old Irish samail (“likeness, similarity”) Proto-Indo-European Root *sem- together, one Cognates: Ancient Greek: σύν (sún), ξύν (xún) Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem- * sḗm (“one”) * sm̥- (“one”) * sēm-i (“half”) Adjective ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension same, common, joint Simulacra are copies that depict things that either had no original, or that no longer have an original.[1] Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Noun simulācrum n (genitive simulācrī); second declension an image, likeness Synonyms: effigies, imāgō, statua from Latin simulācrum (“image, likeness”). Suffix -crum n (genitive -crī); second declension Derives nouns from verbs Alternative form of -culum -culum n (genitive -culī); second declension suffix used to form some nouns derived from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments Suffix -culus (feminine -cula, neuter -culum); first/second-declension suffix Alternative form of -ulus; added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun. ‎clāvis (“key”) + ‎-culus → ‎clāvicula (“little key”) ‎ōs (“mouth”) + ‎-culus → ‎ōsculum (“little mouth”) ‎mās + ‎-culus → ‎māsculus ‎sermō + ‎-culus → ‎sermunculus (“rumor; small talk”) Noun effigiēs f (genitive effigiēī); fifth declension copy, imitation likeness, portrait, image, effigy, statue From effingō (“represent, portray”). Verb effingō (present infinitive effingere, perfect active effīnxī, supine effictum); third conjugation (transitive) I form, fashion. (transitive) I represent, portray, express, depict; imitate, copy. (transitive) I wipe out, wipe clean. (transitive) I rub gently, stroke. From ex- (“out of”) +‎ fingō (“shape, fashion, form”). Verb fingō (present infinitive fingere, perfect active fīnxī, supine fictum); third conjugation I shape, fashion, form, knead (dough) I adorn, dress, arrange I dissemble; I alter the truth in order to deceive; feign; pretend I train, teach, instruct. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold”). Cognates include Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos) Sanskrit देग्धि (degdhi) and English dough. Participle fictus (feminine ficta, neuter fictum); first/second-declension participle feigned, fictitious, false, counterfeit, having been feigned. Perfect passive participle of fingō (“dissemble, deceive”). ``` Proto-Indo-European Root *dʰeyǵʰ- to knead to form, to shape ``` Noun τεῖχος • (teîkhos) n (genitive τείχεος or τείχους); third declension mound, earth works wall (especially one enclosing a town or city) fortified city fortification, castle Noun τειχοφῠ́λᾰξ • (teikhophúlax) m (genitive τειχοφῠ́λᾰκος); third declension one that has the guard of the walls From τεῖχος (teîkhos, “wall”) +‎ φύλαξ (phúlax, “guard”). ————————————————————- ``` Noun imāgō f (genitive imāginis); third declension image, imitation, likeness, statue, representation ancestral image ghost, apparition semblance, appearance, shadow echo conception, thought reminder (rhetoric) comparison (art) depiction ``` from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eym- (“to imitate”) —————————————————————————— ``` statua f (genitive statuae); first declension a statue, especially one made of metal ``` From statuō (“I erect, set up, cause to stand”). Verb statuō (present infinitive statuere, perfect active statuī, supine statūtum); third conjugation I set up, station (in an upright position) I establish, determine, fix (the form or character of) I erect I hold up, stop, end I decide, make up (my mind) From status (“position”). Noun status m (genitive statūs); fourth declension state, status, condition position, place rank, status (Medieval Latin) state (a political division retaining a notable degree of autonomy) Status Papae The Papal States, the name of the former territory controlled by the Pope in Italy Status Ecclēsiasticus The Papal States, an alternate name of the former territory controlled by the Pope in Italy Status Pontificius The Papal States, yet another alternate name of the former territory controlled by the Pope in Italy Statūs Ūnītī Americae A New Latin translation of the United States; cf. Cīvitātēs Foederātae Americae. ``` Noun statiō f (genitive statiōnis); third declension outpost, picket station watch a standing, standing firm, position ``` Verb sistō (present infinitive sistere, perfect active stitī, supine statum); third conjugation (transitive) I cause to stand; I set; I place. (transitive) I stop, I halt (intransitive) I place myself; I stand (transitive, law) I cause to appear in court. (intransitive, law) I appear in court. (intransitive) I stop, I stand still; I halt; I stand firm. Siste! ― Stop! ``` Verb stō (present infinitive stāre, perfect active stetī, supine statum); first conjugation, impersonal in the passive I stand I stay, remain I cost, I am set at, stand at (e.g., a price) (Medieval Latin) I am (Medieval Latin) I am [located at] (Medieval Latin) I live ``` Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi) στάσις (stásis) Bulgarian стоя (stoja) Old English standan (whence English stand). ``` Noun στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree ``` ``` Verb ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi) (transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses) to make to stand, to stand, set to stop, stay, check to set up to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up to set up, appoint to establish, institute to place in the balance, weigh (intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect) to stand to stand still (figuratively) to stand firm to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up (generally) to arise, begin (in marking time) to be to be appointed ``` —————————————————————————- SIMULACRA and SIMULATION https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulacra_and_Simulation The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth—it is the truth which conceals that there is none. The simulacrum is true.[3] — The quote is credited to Ecclesiastes, but the words do not occur there. It can be seen as an addition,[4] a paraphrase and an endorsement of Ecclesiastes' condemnation[5] of the pursuit of wisdom as folly and a 'chasing after wind'—see for example Ecclesiastes 1.17. Simulacra and Simulation is most known for its discussion of symbols, signs, and how they relate to contemporaneity (simultaneous existences).[6] Baudrillard claims that our current society has replaced all reality and meaning with symbols and signs, and that human experience is a simulation of reality.[7] Moreover, these simulacra are not merely mediations of reality, nor even deceptive mediations of reality; they are not based in a reality nor do they hide a reality, they simply hide that nothing like reality is relevant to our current understanding of our lives.[citation needed] The simulacra that Baudrillard refers to are the significations and symbolism of culture and media that construct perceived reality, the acquired understanding by which our lives and shared existence are rendered legible. Baudrillard believed that society had become so saturated with these simulacra and our lives so saturated with the constructs of society that all meaning was becoming meaningless by being infinitely mutable; he called this phenomenon the "precession of simulacra". Simulacra and Simulation delineates the sign-order into four stages: The first stage is a faithful image/copy, where we believe, and it may even be correct, that a sign is a "reflection of a profound reality" (pg 6), this is a good appearance, in what Baudrillard called "the sacramental order". The second stage is perversion of reality, this is where we come to believe the sign to be an unfaithful copy, which "masks and denatures" reality as an "evil appearance—it is of the order of maleficence". Here, signs and images do not faithfully reveal reality to us, but can hint at the existence of an obscure reality which the sign itself is incapable of encapsulating. The third stage masks the absence of a profound reality, where the sign pretends to be a faithful copy, but it is a copy with no original. Signs and images claim to represent something real, but no representation is taking place and arbitrary images are merely suggested as things which they have no relationship to. Baudrillard calls this the "order of sorcery", a regime of semantic algebra where all human meaning is conjured artificially to appear as a reference to the (increasingly) hermetic truth. The fourth stage is pure simulacrum, in which the simulacrum has no relationship to any reality whatsoever. Here, signs merely reflect other signs and any claim to reality on the part of images or signs is only of the order of other such claims. This is a regime of total equivalency, where cultural products need no longer even pretend to be real in a naïve sense, because the experiences of consumers' lives are so predominantly artificial that even claims to reality are expected to be phrased in artificial, "hyperreal" terms. Any naïve pretension to reality as such is perceived as bereft of critical self-awareness, and thus as oversentimental. Degrees[edit] Simulacra and Simulation identifies three types of simulacra and identifies each with a historical period: First order, associated with the premodern period, where representation is clearly an artificial placemarker for the real item. The uniqueness of objects and situations marks them as irreproducibly real and signification obviously gropes towards this reality. Second order, associated with the modernity of the Industrial Revolution, where distinctions between representation and reality break down due to the proliferation of mass-reproducible copies of items, turning them into commodities. The commodity's ability to imitate reality threatens to replace the authority of the original version, because the copy is just as "real" as its prototype. Third order, associated with the postmodernity of Late Capitalism, where the simulacrum precedes the original and the distinction between reality and representation vanishes. There is only the simulation, and originality becomes a totally meaningless concept.[9] Phenomena[edit] Baudrillard theorizes that the lack of distinctions between reality and simulacra originates in several phenomena:[10] Contemporary media including television, film, print, and the Internet, which are responsible for blurring the line between products that are needed (in order to live a life) and products for which a need is created by commercial images. Exchange value, in which the value of goods is based on money (literally denominated fiat currency) rather than usefulness, and moreover usefulness comes to be quantified and defined in monetary terms in order to assist exchange. Multinational capitalism, which separates produced goods from the plants, minerals and other original materials and the processes (including the people and their cultural context) used to create them. Urbanization, which separates humans from the nonhuman world, and re-centres culture around productive throughput systems so large they cause alienation. Language and ideology, in which language increasingly becomes caught up in the production of power relations between social groups, especially when powerful groups institute themselves at least partly in monetary terms. Analogies[edit] A specific analogy that Baudrillard uses is a fable derived from "On Exactitude in Science" by Jorge Luis Borges. In it, a great Empire created a map that was so detailed it was as large as the Empire itself. The actual map was expanded and destroyed as the Empire itself conquered or lost territory. When the Empire crumbled, all that was left was the map. In Baudrillard's rendition, it is conversely the map that people live in, the simulation of reality where the people of the Empire spend their lives ensuring their place in the representation is properly circumscribed and detailed by the map-makers; conversely, it is reality that is crumbling away from disuse. The transition from signs which dissimulate something to signs which dissimulate that there is nothing, marks the decisive turning point. The first implies a theology of truth and secrecy (to which the notion of ideology still belongs). The second inaugurates an age of simulacra and simulation, in which there is no longer any God to recognize his own, nor any last judgment to separate truth from false, the real from its artificial resurrection, since everything is already dead and risen in advance.[9]

Answer 803

I MEAN - I AM CONCERNED νοιάζομαι Care γνοιάζομαι I care ``` εννοιάζομαι and gnoiazomai and care (ennoiazomai) 1. care , interested , take care of 2. yponoiazomai, suspect , understand msn. I. (Active. And mes.) ( E ) gnoiazo and ( e ) gnoiazomai 1. care , take care of , interested 2. think II. (Mov. The mes.) ( E ) gnoiazomai 1. (abs.) Concerned , fret 2. I'm worriedfor something , the count , the count 3. contrive , design 4. I imagine , think , guess 5. (MTX. decline. as adj.) ennoiasmenos thoughtful , anxious , distressed ( "Eton many ennoiasmenos" Sir. Listening.) . επιρρ. .. ennoiasmena with concern , with interest . ```

Answer 804

COMPUTE - CALCULATE υπολογίζω υπολογίζω calculate, count, compute, estimate, reckon, gage λογαριάζω count, figure, tally, calculate, reckon, compute ``` υπολογίζω • (ypologízo) active (past υπολόγισα, passive υπολογίζομαι) calculate, compute Synonyms: λογαριάζω, στιμάρω ( folksy ) reckon, estimate Synonyms: νομίζω, θεωρώ gauge, estimate think highly of someone Synonym: στιμάρω ( dialectal regional ) ``` From Ancient Greek ὑπολογίζομαι (“take under consideration”). Also, semantic loan from French calculer. Verb putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation I clean, cleanse I trim, prune, lop (figuratively) I arrange, settle (figuratively) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider (figuratively) I judge, suspect, suppose (figuratively) I ponder, consider, think about Synonym: cōgitō Latin pūto translates to Greek νομίζω νομίζω • (nomízō) I use customarily, practise (legislation) I enact (with dative) I make a man of you, use (with infinitive) I am accustomed to doing I acknowledge, consider as I esteem, hold in honour (with accusative of object) I hold, believe (with accusative and infinitive) I deem, hold, believe that ``` νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension usage, custom law, ordinance melody, strain (music) ancient type of song kind of coin course of masonry ``` νέμω • (némō) to deal out, distribute, dispense (of herdsmen), to pasture or graze their flocks, drive to pasture, tend νομή • (nomḗ) f (genitive νομῆς); first declension pasturage division, distribution From νέμω (némō) +‎ -η (-action noun). Suffix -η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine) Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun. Added to o-grade of the verbal stem ‎τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”) Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem ‎φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”) ‎τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”) Added to e-grade of the verbal stem ‎στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + ‎-η (-ē) → ‎στέγη (stégē, “roof”) Noun νομεύς • (nomeús) m (genitive νομέως or νομῆος); third declension herdsman, herder (Byzantine) owner From νέμω (némō) +‎ -εύς (-eús) To be as a herder is. -εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er νομεύω (nomeúō) To do as a herder does. Verb cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation I think I ponder, meditate, reflect, consider (i.e. think of, about, over) I intend, design, purpose, plan, devise (i.e. have in mind) From con- +‎ agitō. Prefix con- Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects coeō, colloquor, convīvor, etc.: colligō, compōnō, condō, etc. Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word commaculō, commendō, concitō, comminuō, concerpō, concīdō, convellō, etc. From Latin con-, from cum (“with”). Verb agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation I act, behave, do, or make persistently or unremittingly. I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb. I brandish, wield. (of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control. (of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue. I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb. I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on. I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment. I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock. I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise. (of time) I pass, spend. I live, dwell, abide, sojourn. (of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon. (of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend. I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate. (with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in.

Answer 805

THINK - IMAGINE - SUPPOSE - OPINE Verb δοκέω • (dokéō) To expect, think, suppose, imagine To seem, to be thought [+dative = to someone, by someone], [+infinitive = that ...] (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to think (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems good [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to resolve To be reputed [+infinitive = that ...] According to Beekes, derived from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “I take, accept”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take”). Cognate to Latin doceō (“I teach, show, rehearse”), Albanian duket (“appear, seem”). and Latin dīgnus (“fitting, worthy”). Related terms δέχομαι (dékhomai) δόξα (dóxa) παράδοξος (parádoxos) Verb δέχομαι • (dékhomai) (Attic) To accept, receive Etymology From Ancient Greek δέκτης (déktēs, “receiver”), from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”). Noun δέκτης • (déktis) m (plural δέκτες) recipient, receiver (technology) receiver ``` Noun δοκός • (dokós) m or f (genitive δοκοῦ); second declension the main beam, especially in a house beam a type of meteor ``` Noun πανδοκεῖον • (pandokeîon) n (genitive πανδοκείου); second declension inn, tavern, hotel From πᾰν- (pan-, “all, every”) + δοκ- (dok-), o-grade of the stem of δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”), + -εῖον (-eîon). —————————————————————— Suffix -εῖον • (-eîon) n (genitive -είου); second declension Forms nouns for instruments or means of action from noun-stems. Forms nouns of place. —————————————————————— ``` Verb ὑποδέχομαι • (hupodékhomai) to receive (especially of a friendly, hospitable welcome) to submit to, endure to undertake, promise ``` ὑπο- (hupo-) +‎ δέχομαι (dékhomai) Noun ῠ̔ποδοχή • (hupodokhḗ) f (genitive ῠ̔ποδοχῆς); first declension reception, welcoming hospitality From ὑποδέχομαι (“to welcome”) +‎ -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix). -η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine) Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun. Added to o-grade of the verbal stem ‎ τρέφω ( tréphō, “ to nourish ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ τροφή ( trophḗ, “ nourishment ” ) Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem ‎ φεύγω ( pheúgō, “ to flee ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ φυγή ( phugḗ, “ flight ” ) ‎ τυγχάνω (τυχ-) ( tunkhánō (tukh-), “ to happen ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ τύχη ( túkhē, “ fortune ” ) Added to e-grade of the verbal stem ‎ στέγω ( stégō, “ to shelter ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ στέγη ( stégē, “ roof ” ) ``` ἀποδέχομαι (apodékhomai) δέκτης (déktēs) δεκτός (dektós) δοκός (dokós) πανδέκτης (pandéktēs) πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon) ὑποδέχομαι (hupodékhomai) ``` Compound verbs -and see their derivatives- αναδέχομαι (anadéchomai, “to undertake, to become a godfather or sponsor”) απεκδέχομαι (apekdéchomai, “to hope for, to expect”) αποδέχομαι (apodéchomai, “to accept, to agree”) διαδέχομαι (diadéchomai, “to succeed”) ενδέχεται (endéchetai, “it's possible, it may”) (impersonal, 3rd person) επιδέχομαι (epidéchomai, “to admit, to allow”) καλοδέχομαι (kalodéchomai, “to welcome”) (a modern compound) καταδέχομαι (katadéchomai, “to deign, to condescend”) παραδέχομαι (paradéchomai, “to concede, to acknowledge”) υποδέχομαι (ypodéchomai, “to welcome, to host, to receive”) ``` Related words -and see their derivatives- δέκτης m (déktis, “receiver”) δεκτικός (dektikós) δεκτικότητα f (dektikótita) δεκτός (dektós, “accepted”) δεξαμενή f (dexamení, “water collector”) feminine nouns: αναδοχή f (anadochí), αποδοχή f (apodochí), διαδοχή f (diadochí), εισδοχή f (eisdochí), εκδοχή f (ekdochí), παραδοχή f (paradochí), υποδοχή f (ypodochí) -δόχος (-dóchos) δοχείο n (docheío, “container, vase”) ευπρόσδεκτος (efprósdektos, “welcome”) ``` Noun δεξαμενή • (dexamení) f (plural δεξαμενές) tank (container) reservoir σηπτική δεξαμενή f (siptikí dexamení, “septic tank”) ``` Noun δόξᾰ • (dóxa) f (genitive δόξης); first declension expectation opinion, judgement, belief glory, honor ``` ``` Noun δόξῐς • (dóxis) f (genitive δόξεως); third declension expectation judgement opinion ``` From δοκέω (dokéō) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Verb δοκέω • (dokéō) To expect, think, suppose, imagine To seem, to be thought [+dative = to someone, by someone], [+infinitive = that ...] (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to think (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems good [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to resolve To be reputed [+infinitive = that ...] Cognate to Latin doceō (“I teach, show, rehearse”), Albanian duket (“appear, seem”). and Latin dīgnus (“fitting, worthy”). Adjective πᾰρᾰ́δοξος • (parádoxos) m or f (neuter πᾰρᾰ́δοξον); second declension contrary to expectation, strange, incredible Synonym: παράξενος (paráxenos) From παρά (pará, “beyond”) +‎ δόξα (dóxa, “expectation”) +‎ -ος (-os). Suffix -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Suffix -ος • (-os) Nominative singular of masculine and feminine second-declension nouns ἄνθρωπος m or f ( ánthrōpos, “ person ” ) Masculine nominative singular of first- and second-declension adjectives ἄλλος m ( állos, “ other ” ) Masculine and feminine nominative singular of second-declension adjectives ἄδικος m or f ( ádikos, “ unjust ” ) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension nouns ὀνόματος n ( onómatos, “ of a name ” ) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension masculine or neuter adjectives παντός m or n ( pantós, “ of the whole of ” ) Noun πᾰρᾰδοξολόγος • (paradoxológos) m (genitive πᾰρᾰδοξολόγου); second declension narrator of marvels From παράδοξος (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to gather”). ``` λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` λέγω • (légō) I say, speak, converse, tell a story (middle passive) I mean ᾰπολέγω • (apolégō) to pick out from, to choose (later sense) decline, refuse ἀπολογέομαι (apologéomai, “speak in defence”) ἀπολογητέος (apologētéos, “one must defend”) ἀπολογία f (apología, “speech in defence”) From ἀπό- (“from”) +‎ λέγω (“to choose, to say”) (λέγω, sense: 'choose').. ``` Verb ἐκλέγω • (eklégō) to pick or single out, to choose (in middle voice) to pull out one's gray hairs to levy taxes or tribute ``` ``` Verb ἐπῐλέγω • (epilégō) to say in addition, to add further, to call by name to choose, to pick out, to select to read to think over, to consider ``` From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). Verb επιλέγω • (epilégo) (past επέλεξα, passive επιλέγομαι) (transitive, intransitive) choose, select, pick (decide upon from a set of options) Επέλεξε το πράσινο φόρεμα να φορέσει. Epélexe to prásino fórema na forései. She chose the green dress to wear. Έχεις επιλέξει ακόμα; Écheis epiléxei akóma? Have you chosen yet? (intransitive, rare) conclude (to say in conclusion)[2] Επιλέγοντας, είπε ότι λυπόταν για ό,τι έκανε. Epilégontas, eípe óti lypótan gia ó,ti ékane. Concluding, he said he was sorry for what he did. (different sense for the present participle) επιλεγόμενος: eponymous From Ancient Greek ἐπιλέγω (epilégō), from ἐπι- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). επίλεκτος (epílektos, “picked, handpicked”) επιλέξιμος (epiléximos, “eligible, selectable”) επιλογέας m (epilogéas, “selector, selector dial”) επιλογή f (epilogí, “choice, selection”) διαλέγω • (dialégo) (past διάλεξα, passive διαλέγομαι, p‑past διαλέχτηκα, ppp διαλεγμένος) choose, select, pick out and see: διαλέγομαι (dialégomai) (passive voice, deponent in its own right: sense "discuss") αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”) διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”) διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”) διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”) διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”) Verb εκλέγω • (eklégo) (past εξέλεξα, passive εκλέγομαι) elect From Ancient Greek ἐκλέγω with sense: "I choose", extended to "elect". Also see verbs: επιλέγω (epilégo), διαλέγω (dialégo), all preserving the ancient sense from λέγω (légō, “sense: collect”). εκλογέας m (eklogéas, “voter, with voting rights”) εκλογή f (eklogí, “the voting; choice”) ``` Noun εκλογή • (eklogí) f (plural εκλογές) election (process of choosing a new leader) option choice selection poll ``` From Ancient Greek ἐκλέγω with sense: "I choose", extended to "elect". Also see verbs: επιλέγω (epilégo), διαλέγω (dialégo), all preserving the ancient sense from λέγω (légō, “sense: collect”). Verb δῐᾰλέγομαι • (dialégomai) I converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue. (philosophy) I practise dialectic, elicit conclusions. (late) I lecture, discourse. I speak articulately, write in prose, use a dialect or language. (euphemistic, Attic) I have intercourse. I have dealings (with someone). ``` Noun δῐᾰ́λεκτος • (diálektos) f (genitive δῐᾰλέκτου); second declension discourse, conversation manner of speech, language dialect, accent ``` Noun διάλεκτος • (diálektos) f (plural διάλεκτοι or διάλεκτες) dialect (of a language) From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I discuss”) +‎ -τος (-tos), from δῐᾰ́ (diá, “through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”). ``` Adjective δῐᾰλεκτῐκός • (dialektikós) m (feminine δῐᾰλεκτῐκή, neuter δῐᾰλεκτῐκόν); first/second declension (Attic, Koine) (rare) Conversational Skilled in dialectic Dialectical ``` From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to have a conversation”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix): literally, “related to conversation” Noun δῐᾰλεκτῐκή • (dialektikḗ) f (genitive δῐᾰλεκτῐκής); first declension dialectic, discussion by question and answer, invented by Zeno of Elea See also dialectic. Adjective dialectica nominative feminine singular of dialecticus nominative neuter plural of dialecticus accusative neuter plural of dialecticus vocative feminine singular of dialecticus vocative neuter plural of dialecticus ``` Adjective dialecticus (feminine dialectica, neuter dialecticum); first/second-declension adjective dialectical logical reasoning dialectician logician ``` αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”) διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”) διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”) διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”) διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”) ——————————————————————— σηπτική δεξαμενή f (siptikí dexamení, “septic tank”) Adjective σηπτῐκός • (sēptikós) m (feminine σηπτῐκή, neuter σηπτῐκόν); first/second declension putrefactive, septic From σήπω (sḗpō, “make rotten”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós) ``` Verb σήπω • (sḗpō) (active) I make rotten or putrid (figuratively) I corrupt, waste (passive) I rot, moulder (of tissue) I die ``` Noun σῆψῐς • (sêpsis) f (genitive σήψεως); third declension putrefaction, sepsis From σήπω (sḗpō, “to make rotten”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Noun σήψη • (sípsi) f (plural σήψεις) (medicine) sepsis Antonym: αντισηψία (antisipsía) see: αντισηπτικό n (antisiptikó, “antiseptic”) Adjective σᾰπρός • (saprós) m (feminine σᾰπρή, neuter σᾰπρόν); first/second declension rotten, putrid From the radical of σήπω (sḗpō) +‎ -ρός (-adjective). Noun σᾰπρῐ́ᾱ • (sapríā) f (genitive σᾰπρῐ́ᾱς); first declension decay, decayed matter From σᾰπρός (saprós, “rotten, putrid”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Adjective σηπτῐκός • (sēptikós) m (feminine σηπτῐκή, neuter σηπτῐκόν); first/second declension putrefactive, septic From σήπω (sḗpō, “make rotten”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós)

Answer 806

BRAIN - MIND ``` Noun μυαλό • (myaló) n (plural μυαλά) (anatomy) brain (plural) brains (used as food) brain (person providing interlectual input) mind head ``` From Byzantine Greek μυαλόν (mualón), from alteration of earlier μυαλός (mualós), from Koine Greek μυαλός (mualós), from Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós). The word has been linked with μυών (muṓn, “cluster of muscles”), because they are both soft. Adjective[edit] μῠέλῐνος • (muélinos) m (feminine μῠελῐ́νη, neuter μῠέλῐνον); first/second declension soft as marrow From μυελός (muelós, “marrow”) +‎ -ινος (-inos). ``` Noun[edit] μυελός • (muelós) m (genitive μυελοῦ); second declension (anatomy) marrow inmost part, marrow (metaphorically) best part ``` ``` Derived terms[edit] ἀμύελος (amúelos) μυελαυξής (muelauxḗs) μυέλινος (muélinos) μυελόεις (muelóeis) μυελόθεν (muelóthen) μυελόομαι (muelóomai) μυελοποιός (muelopoiós) μυελοτρεφής (muelotrephḗs) μυελώδης (muelṓdēs) ``` ``` English[edit] Etymology[edit] From Ancient Greek μυελός (muelós, “marrow”). Prefix[edit] myelo- bone marrow myelosuppression; myelodysplasia spinal cord myelomeningocele; myelomeningitis ``` ``` English[edit] Etymology[edit] From combining form of Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”). Prefix[edit] myo- muscle. ``` English[edit] Prefix[edit] musculo- (anatomy) muscle ``` Noun[edit] mūsculus m (genitive mūsculī); second declension (literally) Diminutive of mūs: a small mouse (transferred sense) a companion of the whale a saltwater mussel (anatomy) a muscle (military) a shed, mantelet, shielding A kind of small sailing vessel. ``` From mūs (“a mouse”) +‎ -culus (diminutive suffix), literally “little mouse”. The “muscle” sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”). ``` Etymology[edit] From Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs), from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Pronunciation[edit] IPA(key): /mis/ Noun[edit] μυς • (mys) m (plural μυς or μύες) (anatomy, biology) muscle (formal, zoology) mouse Declension[edit] show ▼declension of μυς Synonyms[edit] μυώνας m (myónas, “musculature”) ποντικός m (pontikós, “rodent mouse”) ποντίκι m (pontíki, “rodent mouse”) ``` Proto-Indo-European[edit] Noun[edit] *múh₂s mouse ``` Noun[edit] μῦς • (mûs) m (genitive μῠός); third declension mouse A type of mussel A type of whale muscle ``` Derived terms[edit] μῡγᾰλέη (mūgaléē) μυοσωτίς (muosōtís)

Answer 807

DO YOU “KNOW’ GREEK? (Do you speak Greek?) ξερεις να μιλας ελληνικα; Do you know Greek? Verb ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses (most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language) Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor. Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don't know his other friends. Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German? (transitive, with για (gia)) know someone as, know someone to be Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. I, at least, know her as a very calm person. Etymology Inherited from the mediaeval Byzantine Greek ξέρω (xérō), ἐξέρω (exérō), from Ancient Greek ἐξεῦρον (exeûron), aorist of ἐξευρίσκω (exeurískō, “to find out”), from εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find”) (whence Modern βρίσκω (vrísko)). Synonyms (know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo) (know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”) (know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”) (know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”) (know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) ξέρω ’γω; (xéro ’go?, “I've no idea”, literally “do I know?”)