MENTAL SENSES Flashcards
OVERVIEW
Demi-
Demiurge
Mind =
Language Words Grammar Rules Sentences Paragraphs Axioms Arguments Theses Meaning Purpose
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[“mind as an object = result or instance noun”]
Mind Intellect Thoughts Ideas Mental Memory Wits Emotions Feelings Will Thing Notion
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[“mind as a mental activity = stative or transitive verb”]
Give Meaning to an object / event Receive / strike the eye / acquaint Mentally Acquire Name / Referent (root of the word) Inflect / Conjugate Modifying the root’s meaning with a prefix and/or a suffix) Record / Memorialize
Think over Arrange Order Organize Sequence Logic Ratio Ratify Rate Ratus Calculate Prioritize Intend Predict Theorize Explain Cause and Effect Relationships Order Sequence Consequence Discern Judge Choose Interpret Imply Consider Measure Date Place / Position Posit / Put / Place / Set
MATRIX AS A GEOMETRY OF THOUGHT Linear Abstract Symmetry Asymmetry Balance Imbalance Pendulum Weigh Dimension Position Coordinates Address Index Order Arrange Sequence
LITERARY TECHNIQUES Analogy Metaphor Hyperbole Diabole (Satan, Diablo, Slander) Parabole (parable) Metonymy Irony Simile Trope Comparison
PRESUPPOSITION Hypothesis Prognosis Diagnosis Supposition Presupposition Posit
DEBATE Rhetoric Diarrhea Epistemology Controversy Fallacy Problem Solution Resolution Absolution Persuasion Heuristic: εὑρίσκω Question Discovery Deposition Testimony Accusation: κατηγορία — “speaking in opposition” Apologetics: ἀπολογία — “speaking in defense" Sophistry Filibuster Dialectic: διαλεκτική Polemic: πολεμικός Exegesis: εξήγηση Claim: απαίτηση, αξίωση, διεκδίκηση, διεκδικώ, ισχυρίζομαι Assert Allege Supposition Hypothecation Suspect Examine Cross-Examine Evidence Record Criticize Advocate Paraclete
THOUGHT AS AN OBJECT = SYMBOL Sign Seal Stamp Script Text Sigilli Coin Token Symbol Icon Idea Character Type Emblem Logo Glyph Graph Grammar Meme Memory Mind Mend Mental Mention Mantis Code Cipher Scratch Engrave Impress Print Imprint Stylus Chalk / Calx Note Concept Percept Note Notion
CLASSIFICATION Kind Group Type Style Class Category Species Race Genome Genealogy Clan Family Phylum Brand Logo Thing Notion Index Address
MODEL AS A HELPER Make Model Scheme Architecture Design Example Twin Paraclete Advocate
SACRAMENT ACT - FACT - FACE - ACTION DRAMA - THEATER RECORD - REMEMBER [“The process of personal transformation from acquired knowledge”] Genesis - “in the beginning” Mother - Father - Abba - Progenitor - Ancestor Matrix Carnal - Flesh - σάρξ - Corpse - Tomb - Sepulcher - Brain Carnage Reincarnate Download - λήψη - Decent of Holy Spirit - Word made flesh Born Birth Being Becoming Person Begotten Made Created Fashion Figure Transfigure Form Transform Morph Metamorphosis Face Appearance Shape Body Death —> Corpse Womb —> Tomb Meme Memory Mend Mold Transfigure Transubstantiate Change Do this in memory of me
THOUGHT LIKENED TO CLOTHES Clothes Garment Vestment Gown Robe Cord Record Garland Belt Laurel Crown Sew Stitch Text Textile Suture
AWARENESS [“knowledge begins with contact or acquaintance”] Aware Notice Contact Acquaint Know See Hear Sense Perceive Look = Light Hear = Spirit
ACT OF LEARNING Study Learning Becoming Growing Maturing Puzzling Seize Receive Deceive Perceive Conceive Download Remembering Recalling Cohere Coherent Cognizant Contemplate Think Consider Wonder Acquire knowledge Acquainted with knowledge Become competent
ACT OF THINKING Persist in thought Concentrate Mull over Correspond Connotation
TECHNIQUES OF THINKING Puzzle (this fits there) - (missing a piece) - (next in sequence) Compare / same, similar, different Contrast Analysis Synthesis Relativize Pattern Recognition Correspond
SKILLED AT THINKING Competent Intelligent Genius Inventive Crafty Careful
ACT OF VIGILANCE Awake Alert Awareness Pay Attention Guard Watch Protect Defend Careful Skeptical Concentrate Stay Remain Dwell Curate Custodian Archive
ACT OF JUDGING Judge Discern Analyze Synthesize Relate Correspond Skeptical Conclude = Therefore Explain = Because
Debate Discuss Contend Agree Disagree Controversy Posit Position Oppose Propose = since Suppose Predict Hypothesize Hypothecate Conjecture
Create Design Technique Technology Plan Goal Purpose Implement Imagine Dream Envision
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Trusts - Governing Instrument - Will - Rules - Covenant - Constitution - Charter - Bylaws - Statues - Codes - Orders
Consent = Dependency
Settlor - Trustor - Trustee - Beneficiary - Administrator - Executor
Promise - Oath - Vow - Binding - Bond - Standing - Testament
Identity - Jurisdiction - Standing - Enrollment - Registration - Membership - Life - Status - Citizenship - Denizen
Property - Ownership - Title - Legal Title - Beneficial Title = Equity
Surety - Underwriting - Funds - Money - Measuring Energy
Rules - Canons/Laws/Codes/Standards - Models - Limits - Constraints - Replication - Simulation
Tasks - Duties - Obligations - for the proper operation of society
Rights - Wrongs - Obligations = (Property)
Purpose - Will - Intent - Plan - Blueprint - Model - Design
Value - Quality - Operation
Office - Duty - Determine
Fund - Money - Units - Stocks - Bonds - Equity - Credir/Debt - Obligation - Performance - Rights
LIST
MENTAL CATEGORIES
GOVERNING INSTRUMENT (Holy Spirit) — (God’s Will - Testament)
1. Symbol — Referent
2. Word (Carrier Waves — Light/Sound)
3. See — Hear (Script/Light/See — Voice/Sound/Hear)
4. Thought (Mental seeing, coherence, I see what you mean)
5. Memory (Do this in memory of me) “in perpetual remembrance”
6. Choice (Free Will) You can choose the “Mind” you adopt.
(Pre-Destiny — Fortuna)
7. Obedience — Loyalty — Faith
8. Certainty and Competence
9. Formation of Persons (Sacraments + Education)
10. Act — Drama — Sacrament (In accord with “will”)
11. History, Facts, Rolls, Registers, Certificates
12. Money - Measuring performance and market exchanges.
13. Trust — (Breach - Remedy - Judiciary)
14. Persons (Divine=Conceptual - True=Flesh - Superior=Legal)
15. Offices (Trustee, Beneficiary, Executive, Legislative, Judiciary)
16. Vocation of Persons — (Vocations, Liveries and Commissions)
17. Property — (Real=Immovable — Chattel=Moveable)
18. Persons — (Rights, Obligations, Wrongs, Remedies)
19. Enforcement - Compliance (Military, Police, Corporate)
20. Purpose (Vocations fit into Civil Architecture - Needs of Society)
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SEEING / LOOKING
- Symbol — Referent
- Word (Carrier Waves — Light/Sound)
- See — Hear (Script/Light/See — Voice/Sound/Hear)
- Thought (Mental seeing, coherence, I see what you mean)
- Memory (Do this in memory of me) “in perpetual remembrance”
- Choice (Free Will) You can choose the “Mind” you adopt.
(Pre-Destiny — Fortuna) - The sight itself.
- The object that is seen.
- I see what you mean.
- Looking at something.
- Observing a ritual obligation.
- Choosing what you look at.
- Active = looking
- Passive = seeing
- Scoping = looking at a target, goal.
- Targeting = looking with an intent to hit the mark.
- Looking = redirecting from a target deviation.
- Looking = at a reflection.
- Seeing = comparison, same, a likeness, similarity or difference.
- Seeing = for pattern recognition.
- Seeing = evidence for an investigation.
- Acquaintance = Contact with that which is known.
- Contact = The point at which the medium contacts a sense organ.
- Medium = the communication medium that transmits information.
MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION Reflection Radiation Radiance Absorption Gravitation Distortion of light ray - travel distortion - lens effect Noise - additional information not derived from the source.
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Axiom, a self-evidential idea upon which other thoughts are built.
The thought prior to action. (Fore-thought)
The goal, purpose, aim or intent of thought.(intended outcome)
The intent to think a specific thought.
The act of thinking.
The thought itself.
Consciousness moving between thoughts.
The path “rails” consciousness takes between thoughts.
The matrix between ideas, holding concepts or thoughts together.
Choosing ideas to “stick-put” together. Choosing your words.
Coherent - sticking ideas together carefully - complex thought.
Models of thought, plans, schemes, designs, goals, intended output.
The result or outcome of thought. (Actual Physical Consequence)
Action as outcome of thought.
See/Hear — Word — Thought — Skill — Action — Result/Consequence
The meaning of thought. (This means that)
Two different sentences mean the same thing.
Explanation of causes, conditions and consequences.
The guess or supposition as to the outcome of thought.
A model of thoughts, ideas, plans, schemes and meaning.
The symbol of thought. (Reference)
The object of the symbol of thought. (Referent)
Category as a referent of thought. (Abstract Referent)
The conscious observer that traverses one thought to another.
The path taken between thoughts.
One thought separated from another thought.
That which coheres thoughts.
That which spans past goal, future outcome and present choice.
Qualia of a thought. Redness of a red sight.
The intent to recall a memory.
The indexing of a memory.
Imagining what you want to remember as first recall instance.
The intent to recall a series of memories “skill” in order.
Imagining a new idea?
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Looking (active)
Seeing (passive)
Imagining (Middle)
That which is looked at. (active)
That which is physically seen. (passive)
That which is mentally imagined. (Middle)
That which is mentally remembered. (Middle)
That which is mentally inspired. (Middle)
That which is mentally invented. (Middle)
That which is mentally organized. (Middle)
That which is mentally puzzled/solved. (Middle)
That which is mentally grasped. (Middle)
That which is mentally categorized.
That which is mentally organized.
That which is mentally set, put down. (active)
A goal that is mentally set. (Middle)
A blueprint that is mentally designed. (Middle)
A model that is mentally created. (Middle)
Analyzed
Synthesized.
Related, Relative (Class, type, rank, order)
“Type - Token” Distinction
Same
Similar
Different
Concept
Percept
Category Type Group Class Status Genus Gens - Family Phylum
The act of seeing and looking. Looking is "Active" Seeing is "Passive" Imagining is "Middle" Thinking is "Middle" Knowing is “Middle”
The "form" of what is seen. The "matter" of what is seen. The “type” - “class” - “category” or - “genus” of what is seen. Speaking to the material. (Clay) Speaking to the form. (Mold - Imprint)
SCOPE Defining a targets properties and attributes. The target of sight. The act of targeting, scoping a specific. Acquiring a target. Locking attention on the target. Tracking the target. Redirecting from a target deviation. Targeting a goal. Keeping your physical eyes on target. Keeping your minds eye on target. Keeping your attention on target. The scope of the project. "Aperture diameter" The form of what is seen. The matter of what is seen.
SYMBOL / IDEA / MODEL / RECIPE
A word is a symbol.
The symbol refers to a concept or percept.
A percept is an instance of raw perceptual data.
An object is a categorical grouping of precepts.
A word defines and constrains a unique idea.
An idea defines that which is unique to an object.
An idea defines an attribute, property, characteristic, of an object.
An idea defines that which is categorically the same, similar or different to other objects.
An idea is an object of thought.
Many ideas form a “mental/conceptual” model.
A string of ideas can be a recipe to control form.
A recipe can result in a new form of Matter.
A recipe can result in a transformation of energy.
A recipe can result in a chemical reaction.
The result of a chemical reaction can be a new material with valuable and useful properties.
A recipe can be shared with others.
A recipe can become a tool used to execute a military, construction or business strategy.
Seeing a symbol. / Seeing an object.
The symbol refers to the object.
The symbol is mentally connected to the object.
The symbol represents the object.
The symbol means the object.
The symbol refers to a category of objects.
The symbol refers to an attribute of the object.
The symbol refers to a category of attributes.
The symbol refers to attributes shared by a group of objects.
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TO KNOW
An object to be known…
Concept — A mental object or idea that can be thought, seen or heard.
Percept — An material object in extra-sensory objective space.
“To know” is to have seen the object.
“To know” is to have seen the symbol.
“To know” is to mentally combine the symbol with the object seen.
“To know” is to (see) the form of the matter.
“To know” is to (feel) the matter of what is seen and to manipulate the matter by exerting force on the matter.
“To know” is to comprehend the relation mentally connecting the symbol to object.
“To know” is to comprehend the contextual coherence of a string of symbols to a group of objects in context with each other.
“To know” as assigning a symbol/object relation to a category, type, ,genus, group or class.
To know as the capacity to recall what is seen.
-within a meaningful context.
To comprehend is the capacity to know the consequential meaning of what is seen.
“To know” is to comprehend the contextual relation of a group of ideas as a recipe relating to a model of in-puts and thru-puts that target a goal of purposeful out-puts as a useful result of execution.
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WITNESS
Direct 1st hand observation of a fact, series of facts or an event.
EVIDENCE
Objects and information collected, registered, indexed and archived that a “jury” can obtain 1st hand witness of the objects and information.
EXEGESIS - ATTORNEY
Interpretation of the meaning, coherence, validity and truth of the witnesses allegations concerning evidence and witness testimony.
JURY
Indirect 2nd hand observation of 1st hand testimony of an alleged fact or event.
JUDGE
The determination of a fact as to the truth, honesty, authenticity and logical coherence of facts and evidence.
FINDINGS
The conclusions reached as to the validity of facts and evidence, theories and their meaning.
COMPREHENSION
One’s ability to organize the information in one’s Mind as to the pattern, map and architecture of the collection of concepts, ideas and axioms.
TIME OF OBSERVATION When was it seen? The symbolic record of what was seen. The categorization of what was seen. The indexing of what was seen.
POV
Point of view of observation.
Direction of observation.
Sensory amplifiers used during observation.
ATTENTION
Intent to look carefully.
Vigilant, careful, concern.
Guard, watch over, observe dutifully.
INTERPRETATION
Translation of what was observed.
Derived meaning of what was observed.
Predicted consequences of what was observed.
Symbolic significance of what was observed.
One’s opinion about the significance of the observation.
One’s philosophic view about what was observed.
CATEGORIZATION Assigning a category to the item observed. Assigning a category standard number. Assigning an index number. Assigning an enrollment number. Assigning a time stamp number. Assigning an identity number.
TIME Observation and recording of... Solar Cycles. Moon Cycles. Planetary Cycles. Sidereal Cycles. Universal Frame of Reference. Location of observatory. P.O.V. Of observatory. Record of Object observation relative to a frame.
ENROLLMENT
Record, Roll, Register, Ledger, Diary, Log.
MEMORY - RECALL
To recall the mental image of what was seen.
To recall the symbol of what was seen.
To recall the record of the symbol.
To recall the record relative to a sequence of records.
TESTIMONY - AFFIDAVIT
Writing down a descriptive report of the observation.
What was observed.
When was it observed.
TYPE / TOKEN
The type/token distinction of what is seen.
Type = General Essential Characteristics
(Same)
Token = Unique Essential Characteristics (Different)
Token = Unique Shared Characteristics
(Similar)
Stable characteristics (Maintained Identity)
Changing characteristics (life cycle-seasonal)
Changing characteristics (transformative)
MORAL CONSTRAINT
An agreement “to do” and “to not do”
Rules, regulations, morals, ethics, customs.
What is considered most valuable to a society.
Bind - Bond - Promise - Oath - Vows.
Fiduciary duty and obligation.
Rights, wrongs and obligations.
CULTURE
Language, Traditions, Values, Rituals, Symbols, Signs, Seals, Festivals.
AGREEMENT
Consent, Covenant, Contract, Pact, Concordat, Constitution, Declaration, Convocation, Treaty.
DREAM
Plan, architecture, design, goal, wish, want.
The plan to satisfy a craving.
The strategy to solve a problem or satisfy a need.
Desired Outcome.
The organization of knowledge to accomplish a plan of action to achieve a desired outcome.
The form of the outcome.
SACRAMENTS (creation of facts)
Ritual acts witnessed as facts and then recorded and enrolled in a register.
The creation of identity.
The creation of facts in sequential order.
The creation of data.
The recording of choices and promises.
The recording of graduated sequences.
The recording of life cycles.
The creation of Legal Entities, Legal Relations, Legal Dependencies, Legal Entities and Legal Entanglements within a Civil Model as a Matrix of Civil Architecture.
COPULA Identity Assigning noun and adjectival attributes. Assigning verbal and adverbial attributes. Property categories. Nouns. Behavior categories. Verbs. "He is a"... nominal attributes. "He is a"... categorical attributes. "He is being"... verbal attribute. "He is being"... behavioral attributes. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
OBJECTS - External to senses.
That which is seen.
The clay - matter.
The shape - form.
CATEGORIES
Essence - Necessary for Identity
Accidents - Transformation
Type/Token Distinction
STAGES OF FORM
Initial State of Form
Stasis
Motion and Change
Maintenance - Perpetuity of Form
Iteration
Duration
Cause and Effect
Conditionality
Causality (Efficient Condition-
Cause "toward" Purpose. ("Why")
Final State of Form
APPEARANCES Surface characteristics (attributes) light absorption./reflection. Positive space. Negative space. Frame of reference. Relative frames. Simultaneity
Motion / speed / direction / accelerations
Change - transformation - morpheus.
SEQUENCES Begin - Origin - Arche - Alpha Becoming - Growing - Maturing Sustaining - Abiding - Maintaining Declining - Ceasing - Perishing Ending - Omega - Terminating Transcendence Rebirth
The light that radiates from a source.
The light that reflects from a source.
Encoded information in light.(Material Attributes)
Encoded patterns in a casual chain.
Encoded ciphers in the light. (Language)
Predictive interpretation of information.
The objects imply a pattern of casual sequence.
The pattern imbedded in the information.
The moral of the story.
The meaning of the information.
The goal “Outcome” imbedded in the information.
Instructions embedded in info.
The information as a target.
The capacity to discern a pattern as the target.
The capacity to stay on target and not deviate. not distracted.
The capacity to know your deviating from target. Standard deviation.
The capacity to redirect back onto the target. Course correction.
The capacity to see a pattern in the information.
The capacity to see similarity.
The capacity to discern a difference.
The capacity to discern relation.
The capacity to predict a casual sequence.
The capacity to explain a casual sequence.
The capacity to discern evidence and compile the facts into a casual sequence of events.
P.O.V. Aperture Focal length / Narrow or wide angle. Lighting Frame rate / Iteration Shutter speed. Speed and direction of camera
Memory Recall Short term memory Sample Rate / cognition Stereo view / combined image Multi Sensory View. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
EXTERNAL SENSE PERCEPTION (Seeing)
(Perception) - 5 Senses
External ‘Matter’ of which form is made.
Clay is molded into form.
External ‘Form’ of the object. Form molds light.
External radiance of light from form. Appearance.
External reflection of light from form.
External medium of communication.
External objects. (Radiates/Reflects Light)
External objects. (Radiates/Reflects Sound)
Embedded meaning of external communication.
The form means itself.
The form means something other than itself. Referent.
Words depend on each-other. Word means modulator - tense, gender etc. Word means object. Word means attribute. Word means category, group, set or type.
SEEING COUPLED WITH CONCEIVING Combining a physical object, optical sense perception, a word for the categorical type of the observed object, and a word for a unique instance of the token. (Example) A tree. Light bouncing off the tree. Light propagating across space. Light received by the eyeball, retina. A word for the category of tree - "Type" A word for the unique instance - "Token" Combining the words with the perception. Meaning = The words mean the object. Prediction = The words predict a sequence. Cause = the words explain a casual sequence.
INTERNAL EMOTIONS (Feelings, Desires)
INTERNAL IMAGINATION (Creativity/Goals/Plans)
MEMORY (Recalled Sensory Imprints)
IMAGINED MEMORIES (fiction, stories, fables)
AUTONOMIC SENSES (bodily functions)
QUALIA
The sensation itself (the redness of red)
KNOWLEDGE (Words / Literacy / Wisdom / Law / Measurement) Handed down History. Handed down skill sets. Handed down concepts. Handed down medicinal knowledge. Handed down environmental knowledge. Handed down ethics. Handed down morality. Handed down traditions. Handed down time records.
STUDY - MEDITATION
Collect knowledge through education.
Hold knowledge through repetition.
Recall knowledge in context through practice.
SLAVERY
(Words constraining behavior against ones will)
(Words entangling behavior against ones will)
(Words modifying behavior against ones will)
(Words entangling attributes against ones will)
Violating foundational free will. (Need - Survival)
Violence - Brutality - Barbarity
Entanglement
Dependency
Departmentalization
Compartmentalization
Secrecy
Racketeering
Trickery, deception, lies, concealment.
Break trust.
GENIUS
(Unusually Acquired Insights/Invention)
REMOTE VIEWING
MEDIUMSHIP
PSYCHIC IMPRESSIONS
INTUITION
(Mundane Mental Problem Solving Capacity)
Internal mental ability to put pieces together.
Insight through hard won problem solving.
ALTERED STATES (Meditative or Psychoactive induction of states) Near death exp. Extreme bodily stresses. Sensory deprivation.
PSYCHIC
(Supernatural Acquisition of knowledge)
Remote viewing.
Necromancy.
TRICKERY
(Beguiled-Fooling the senses or logic)
Magic tricks - diverting attention.
Slight of hand Faster than the eye or reflexes.
DISCERNMENT
(The mental capacity to accurately judge what is from what is not, truth from falsity)
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Standard Model - a complex collection of organized ideas with purpose.
The ‘Act’ of thinking
The Thinker (the one who thinks)
The Thinking (the process of thought awareness)
The Thought (the concept itself - the idea)
The Seer Seeing the Seen.
The knower knowing the known.
The feeler feeling the felt.
The Intention (the wish to think about a specific)
The Attention (the focusing of awareness)
The Repetition (reminding to embed memories)
The Memory (the minds ability to ‘grasp hold’)
Index. Categories of Ordinals.
The Retriever (the one who recalls memory)
The Student (the one who imprints information)
The Attender (the focus of attention on an idea)
The Organizer (the one who collates info)
The Visual Symbol of thought -(grapheme)
The Vocal Symbol of thought - (phoneme)
The ‘Referent’ of the Object of thought.
The Mental Object of thought (Concept)
The Physical Object of thought (Percept)
The thing thought about.
The Reference (the relationship between the graphical symbol and the object of perception)
The Imprint (the embossed imprint on mind-stuff)
The core idea - concept
The connection between ideas (what connects)
The path between ideas
The meaningful context of ideas
The purposeful output intended by ideas
The difference between ideas
The Sameness between ideas
The similarity between ideas
The thinker
The thinking
The thought
Awareness - The sensor sensing qualia nexus.
Meaning - the connection between mental impressions within a purposeful context.
Mental Aperture - the ability of the mind to hold several ideas together within a meaningful context.
The “mind stuff” thoughts are imprinted onto.
The thought “impressed” onto “mind stuff”
Sigilli - being the unique form of the symbol.
Seal - being the impression or imprint itself.
Wax - being the stuff the seal is impressed on.
Medium - being the parchment, clay, wax or ‘mindstuff’ upon which the seal is impressed, embossed or imprinted.
Conceive - the observance of the mental imprint.
Remember - the recall of the imprinted seal.
Index - the minds ability to find the mental imprint.
Context - the minds ability to retrieve the appropriate meaningful information.
Purpose - the reason “intended output” the information is recalled. “Why” is the information requested?
Call - the minds desire to recall a specific imprint.
Request - the context of the desired recall.
Faculty - the capacity for the mind to recall mental impressions within a meaningful and useful context with the capacity to accurately predict environmental influence and response outcomes.
Communicate - The ability to speak or write recalled concepts.
The Rule (the standard replicable measure) The faculty of creating ideas of standardizable measurement that can be replicated and repeated within the minds of a group of people.
The Rules.
List of Do’s and Do Not’s.
Pattern - The ability of the mind to recognize repeating patterns and make accurate predictions as a result.
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M-AWR - (Awareness) The place whereupon conscious is currently concentrating and focusing its attention.
M-QUL - (Qualia) The sensation itself.
M-STR - (The stream) of mental consciousness.
M-ITR - (Iteration) A specific instance of mental phenomenon. A moment of thought or a specific place of concentrated awareness upon an object of thought.
M-SQITR - (The Sequence of Linear Iteration) and combining of present moments into sequences of momentary instances of present tense experience to create and generate the “experience of the arrow of time”.
M-APT - (Aperture) The scale of the mental awareness aperture that allows the mind to recall relevant information in context. A narrow mind struggles to recall information in context. A broad mind enjoys the capacity to quickly recall the appropriate information in context for a purpose.
M-POV - Mental Point Of View
The view point of observing objects in the minds eye.
M-FRM - Mental Form.
The internally apprehended form as seen by the minds eye or mental capacity to conceive an abstract thought. It is the form and shape as it appears in the mind to the mind.
M-DIM - The dimension that is created when the mind thinks a thought. The space an idea occupies within the minds eye or mental dreamscape.
M-DX - The mental deixis as a ‘Point of Spacial Center’ within the mental dimension.
M-EX - (Mental Experience) The point where all sensory information converges within the mind and creates the instance or moment of present tense mental and physical experience referred to as the “present”
M-TRJ - The path of trajectory awareness takes as it travels from one thought to another.
M-TM - The time it takes to think a thought.
M-TMC - The mental clock for recording time.
M-TMSpan - The dimensional span of motion from one thought to another thought, which occupies a “measured rule of time”.
M-RelTM - The Ratio of one time span cycle to another time span cycle within the minds eye.
M-TMStmp - (Time Stamp) A record of the time of an object of thought at a given instance. Relative to “what clock”?
M-SQ - The linear sequence of ideas that are arranged in line against a temporal line. In other words, it is not possible to think all thoughts simultaneously, so they must be thought in sequence.
M-FLR - The filtering of external sensations as a stream of experience, modified by consciousness and biological filters, to deliver priority content to consciousness for judgement and decisions.
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S-AWR - The stream of sensory data that is flowing through the sense organs and presenting the external physical and internal autonomic sensory landscape to “awareness” as a stream of conscious experience.
S-POV - The point of view generated and limited by the sense organs.
S-DIM - The special dimensions that are external to the boundaries created by the sensory organs.
S-DX - The special center created and generated by the flesh body in physical space.
S-STR - The stream of external sensation delivered through the sense organs into consciousness by way of the nervous system.
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I-AWR - The internal senses the experience the autonomic sensory apparatus.
Desire Hunger Thirst Pain Sickness Balance, equilibrium, dizziness. Lust - Arousal.
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F-AWR - The internal senses relating to emotions.
Anger Happiness Joy Rage Fear Curiosity Skepticism Love Attraction Guard Confusion Stupor Apathy Careless Attention Carefully Wish - Want - Desire Goal Desire to solve Desire to organize Bitterness Jealousy Hope Desire for beauty Desire for elegance Revulsion Ugly Moral repugnance
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C-AWR - The combining of mental, internal and external sensory perceptions into a complete stream of conscious experience.
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PATH
Channel, way, rail, tunnel, road etc.
CONNECT
Bond, attach, tendon, ligament etc.
ARTICULATE
STORE
Storage, contain,
PUSH / PULL
COME / GO
IN - OUT
toward within - toward without
Into - out from
Toward - away
MAINTAIN - SUSTAIN
List
Nous noēsis intelligence (inter-lego-ence) Science Conscience Consciousness thought mental perception mind Memory Remember Recall Intend Perception Sense Sensation Impression Feeling Aesthetics Intuition Imagine Faculty Skill Know Know how Meaning Choice Emotion
Logic Reason Calculation Intellect Theory / Hypothesis Knowledge / Gnosis Arrange Count Meter Measure Standard
5 senses Autonomic senses / Feelings Mental senses / Imagination / Memory / Intuition / Guess / Curiosity Emotions / Feelings 6th sense.
Order Organize Arrange Put Place Set State Thread Sew Stick Suture
Predict
Guess
Hypothecate
Pattern Recognition
Will Intent Desire Wish Hope Encourage
Would Should Could Must Shall Can Able to
Choice
Consent
Contract
Agree
Purpose Priority Plan Goal Design Architecture
Aware Alert Watch Guard Protect Ward Observe
Inquisition
Inquire
Seek
Learn
Reveal Uncover Deposition Testimony Evidence
Interdict Block Obscure Confuse Debilitate Disable Lie Cheat Steal
Discern Analyze Synthesize Relativize Distinguish Define
Founding Paradox
Founding Problem
Existential Crisis
Justice, Power and Law
Fear, Threat, Power, Money, Slavery
Inheritance
The perpetual and ever present choice of “being” as the eternal gift of life.
The knowledge as a coherent context of ideas that gives certainty about the gift of life.
Being eternal life.
Having eternal life.
Knowing eternal life.
What is the difference between eternal and perpetual?
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Founding Problem
Do we die?
Does another have the power over life or death?
Can a human or animal kill us? Eternally?
Can a God kill us?
Will a God kill us?
Does a God want to kill us?
God of termination.
God of transformation.
μέρος
ενήμερος
PART - IN PART - ONES PART
ONES PORTION OF AWARENESS
μέρος
Noun
(“Part”)
μέρος • (méros) n (plural μέρη)
(most senses) part (a fraction of a whole)
Το αγγλικό Βικιλεξικό αποτελεί μέρος ενός πολυεθνικού διαδικτυακού εγχειρήματος.
To anglikó Vikilexikó apoteleí méros enós polyethnikoú diadiktyakoú encheirímatos.
English Wiktionary is part of an online multinational project.
place (an area; somewhere within an area)
Σ’ αυτό το μέρος είναι κρυμμένος ένας θησαυρός.
S’ aftó to méros eínai krymménos énas thisavrós.
There’s treasure hidden at this place.
(music) movement, part
Το τρίτο μέρος της συμφωνίας.
To tríto méros tis symfonías.
The third movement of the symphony.
party, side (group of people forming one side in a given dispute)
Τα ενδιαφερόμενα μέρη κατέληξαν σε συμβιβαστική λύση.
Ta endiaferómena méri katélixan se symvivastikí lýsi.
The interested parties reached a compromise.
(euphemistic) loo, privy, commode, lavatory (toilet)
πάω στο μέρος ― páo sto méros ― to go to the loo
Your unique point of view.
The allotment of what “you” are aware of.
Your “part” of the “universal” awareness.
μέρος • (méros) n (genitive μέρεος or μέρους); third declension part, component, region share, portion one's turn heritage, lot, destiny Ones part of an inheritance member of a set, kind, type.
From μερ- the root of μείρομαι (“to receive as one’s portion”) + -ος (-result noun).
-ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension
Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.
-ος • (-os) m (genitive -ου); second declension
Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun.
μείρομαι (“to receive as one’s portion”) + -ος (-result noun) → μέρος (“allotment, part”)
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μέρος • (méros) n (plural μέρη)
(most senses) part (a fraction of a whole)
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ενημερότητα + -ότητα (-ity, -ness)
suffix: -ity
forming nouns denoting quality or condition.
“humility”
denoting an instance or degree of a quality or condition.
“a profanity”
-ness
word-forming element denoting action, quality, or state, attached to an adjective or past participle to form an abstract noun.
-tude
syllable formed when the word-forming element -ude,
making abstract nouns from adjectives and participles,
is fixed to a base or to another suffix ending in -t or -te;
from French -ude.
from Latin -udo (stem -udin-).
The equivalent of native -ness.
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aware (adj.)
late Old English gewær “watchful, vigilant,”
from Proto-Germanic *ga-waraz (source also of Old Saxon giwar, Middle Dutch gheware, Old High German giwar, German gewahr),
from *ga- (intensive prefix) + *waraz “wary, cautious,”
from PIE root *wer- (3) “perceive, watch out for.”
*wer- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “perceive, watch out for.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin vereri “to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear;”
Greek ouros “a guard, watchman,” horan “to see;”
Hittite werite- “to see;”
Old English weard “a guarding, protection; watchman, sentry, keeper.”
φρουρός • (phrourós) m (genitive φρουροῦ); second declension
(either literally or figuratively) watcher, watchman, guard.
See: fortress
From προ- (“forwards”) + ὁράω (“to see”) + -ος (second declension noun or adjective ending).
φρουρά • (frourá) f (plural φρουρές)
guard
guarding, guard duty
garrison
φρουρᾱ́ • (phrourā́) f (genitive φρουρᾶς); first declension (Attic)
Noun
(uncountable) the duty of watching, guarding; lookout.
(countable) a body of persons whose duty is to guard: garrison, outpost.
(countable) an instance of being stationed at an outpost.
φρούραρχος m (froúrarchos, “garrison commander”) φρούριο n (froúrio, “fortress”) φρουρός m (frourós, “sentry, guardian”) φρουρώ (frouró, “to guard”) παλιά φρουρά (paliá frourá, “old guard”)
φρουρώ • (frouró) (past φρούρησα)
guard (to protect or watch over)
περιφρουρώ (perifrouró, “to guard, to watch over”)
προστατεύω (prostatévo, “to protect, to care for”)
φυλάω (fyláo, “to watch over, to tend”)
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*wer- (2)
Proto-Indo-European root forming words meaning “to turn, bend.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vartate “turns round, rolls;”
Avestan varet- “to turn;”
Hittite hurki- “wheel;”
Greek rhatane “stirrer, ladle;”
Latin — vertere (frequentative versare) “to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed,”
Latin — versus “turned toward or against;”
Old Church Slavonic vrŭteti “to turn, roll,”
Russian vreteno “spindle, distaff;”
Lithuanian verčiu, versti “to turn;”
German werden,
Old English weorðan “to become;”
Old English -weard “toward,” originally “turned toward,” weorthan “to befall,” wyrd “fate, destiny,” literally “what befalls one;”
Welsh gwerthyd “spindle, distaff;”
Old Irish frith “against.”
φρουρά φρουρώ φρουρός περιφρουρώ προστατεύω φυλάω κουστωδίαν
FORTRESS - GUARD - AWARENESS - WATCHFULNESS - VIGILANT
φρουρά φρουρώ φρουρός περιφρουρώ προστατεύω φυλάω κουστωδίαν
προφρουρός • (phrourós) m (genitive φρουροῦ); second declension
(either literally or figuratively) watcher, watchman, guard
From προ- (“forwards”) + ὁράω (“to see”) + -ος (noun)
aware (adj.)
late Old English gewær “watchful, vigilant,”
from Proto-Germanic *ga-waraz (source also of Old Saxon giwar,
Middle Dutch gheware, Old High German giwar, German gewahr),
from *ga-, intensive prefix, + *waraz “wary, cautious,”
from PIE root *wer- (3) “perceive, watch out for.”
*wer- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “perceive, watch out for.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Latin vereri “to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear;”
Greek: ouros “a guard, watchman,”
Greek: horan “to see;”
Hittite werite- “to see;”
Old English weard “a guarding, protection; watchman, sentry, keeper.”
φρουρός • (phrourós) m (genitive φρουροῦ); second declension
(either literally or figuratively) watcher, watchman, guard.
From προ- (“forwards”) + ὁράω (“to see”) + -ος (second declension noun or adjective ending).
φρουρά • (frourá) f (plural φρουρές)
guard
guarding, guard duty
garrison
φρουρᾱ́ • (phrourā́) f (genitive φρουρᾶς); first declension (Attic)
Noun
(uncountable) the duty of watching, guarding; lookout.
(countable) a body of persons whose duty is to guard: garrison, outpost.
(countable) an instance of being stationed at an outpost.
φρούραρχος m (froúrarchos, “garrison commander”) φρούριο n (froúrio, “fortress”) φρουρός m (frourós, “sentry, guardian”) φρουρώ (frouró, “to guard”) παλιά φρουρά (paliá frourá, “old guard”)
φρουρώ • (frouró) (past φρούρησα)
guard (to protect or watch over)
περιφρουρώ (perifrouró, “to guard, to watch over”)
προστατεύω (prostatévo, “to protect, to care for”)
φυλάω (fyláo, “to watch over, to tend”)
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phroureó: to guard
Original Word: φρουρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phroureó Phonetic Spelling: (froo-reh'-o) Definition: to guard Usage: I guard, keep, as by a military guard.
5432 phrouréō (from phrousos, “a sentinel, guard”) – properly, to guard (keep watch) like a military sentinel; (figuratively) to actively display whatever defensive and offensive means are necessary to guard.
from phrouros (a guard)
φρουρέω, φρούρω: imperfect ἐφρουρουν future φρουρήσω passive, present participle φρουρουμενος imperfect ἐφρουρουμην
φρουρός, contracted from πρωρος
from πρωράω (to see before, foresee)
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προείδω
proeido: I see beforehand
Original Word: προείδω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: proeido Phonetic Spelling: (pro-i'-do) Definition: to foresee Usage: I see beforehand, am mindful.
4275 proeídō
from 4253 /pró, “before” and 1492 /eídō, “see, know,”
properly, foresee (know in advance)
used of God foreseeing (planning out) all of history from eternity past. This guarantees all the physical scenes of life operate according to (under) His plan – and bringing equal, eternal benefit to the person walking in faith (“divine-persuasion”) in each of them.
Accordingly, 4275a (proeídon) and faith (4102 /pístis) are directly connected.
Gal 3:7-9: “7Therefore, be sure that it is those who are of faith who are sons of Abraham. 8The Scripture, foreseeing (4275a/proeídon) that God would justify the Gentiles by faith (4102 /pístis), preached the gospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, “all the nations will be blessed in you.” 9So then those who are of faith are blessed with Abraham, the believer” (NASU).
[For the other occasion of 4275a (proeidon, see Ac 2:31, Textus leceptus. Compare 4308 /prooráō (“see before”) with the Critical Text.]
οἶδα
eidó: be aware, behold, consider, perceive
Original Word: οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate.
1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving (“mentally seeing”). This is akin to the expressions: “I see what You mean”; “I see what you are saying.”
1492 /eídō (“seeing that becomes knowing”) then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).
εἶδος
eidos: visible form, shape, appearance, kind
Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: eidos
Phonetic Spelling: (i’-dos)
Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight
Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class.
1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, “to see, apprehend”) – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes “what is physically seen” (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida).
Example: 1491 /eídos (“visible appearance”) refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: “And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove”; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: “And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming”; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: “You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”
ὀπτάνομαι
optanomai: to appear
Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by).
Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō).
[Some forms of Strong’s numbering systems designate optomai as 3708.]
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προοράω
prooraó: to see before
Original Word: προοράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: prooraó Phonetic Spelling: (pro-or-ah'-o) Definition: to see before Usage: I see beforehand, foresee, see previously, am mindful of; mid: I pay regard to, set before me.
4308 prooráō (from 4253 /pró, “before” and 3708 /horáō, “see”) – properly, see before (“ahead of time”), generally about the Lord’s revelation that enables someone to foresee.
ὁράω
horaó: to see, perceive, attend to
Original Word: ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware.
3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: “to see with the mind” (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception).
[The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, “see.” The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, “see.”]
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τηρέω
téreó: to watch over, to guard
Original Word: τηρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: téreó Phonetic Spelling: (tay-reh'-o) Definition: to watch over, to guard Usage: I keep, guard, observe, watch over.
5083 tēréō (from tēros, “a guard”) – properly, maintain (preserve); (figuratively) spiritually guard (watch), keep intact.
from a prim. word téros (a guard)
hold fast, keep From teros (a watch; perhaps akin to theoreo); to guard (from loss or injury, properly, by keeping the eye upon; and thus differing from phulasso, which is properly to prevent escaping; and from koustodia, which implies a fortress or full military lines of apparatus), i.e. To note (a prophecy; figuratively, to fulfil a command); by implication, to detain (in custody; figuratively, to maintain); by extension, to withhold (for personal ends; figuratively, to keep unmarried); by extension, to withhold (for personal ends; figuratively, to keep unmarried) -- hold fast, keep(- er), (pre-, re-)serve, watch.
see GREEK theoreo
see GREEK phulasso
see GREEK koustodia
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θεωρέω
theóreó: to look at, gaze
Original Word: θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of.
2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, “to gaze, contemplate”) – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating).
from theóros (an envoy, spectator)
[2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term “theatre,” i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance).]
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φυλάσσω
phulassó: to guard, watch
Original Word: φυλάσσω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phulassó Phonetic Spelling: (foo-las'-so) Definition: to guard, watch Usage: (a) I guard, protect; mid: I am on my guard, (b) act. and mid. of customs and regulations: I keep, observe.
5442 phylássō (akin to 5441 /phýlaks, “a military guard”) – properly, preserve by “having an eye on” (J. Thayer), referring to the uninterrupted vigilance shepherds show in keeping their flocks (see Lk 2:8, used with 5438 /phylakḗ, “a military guard,” i.e. exercising unbroken vigilance as a military guard).
5442 /phylássō (“keep watch over, keep secure”) emphasizes the needed vigilance to keep what is entrusted. Thus 5442 (phylássō) is often used in the NT in the Greek middle voice meaning, “Personally be on guard against,” stressing the constant, personal interest involved with the guarding.
[Examples: Lk 12:15, “Beware of,” (RV, “Keep yourselves from,” cf. Ac 21:25); 2 Tim 4:15, “Be thou aware” (see Vine, Unger, White, NT, 65).]
to guard or watch, have an eye upon: τινα, one, lest he escape
to guard (Latincustodio); i. e., a. to watch, to keep watch
to guard a person (or thing) that he may remain safe, i. e. lest he suffer violence, be despoiled, etc., equivalent to to protect
o keep from being snatched away, preserve safe and unimpaired
to guard, i. e. to care for, take care not to violate; to observe
Probably from phule through the idea of isolation; to watch, i.e. Be on guard (literally of figuratively); by implication, to preserve, obey, avoid – beward, keep (self), observe, save.
φυλή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: phulé Phonetic Spelling: (foo-lay') Definition: a clan or tribe Usage: a tribe or race of people. HELPS Word-studies 5443 phylḗ (from 5453 /phýō, "to generate") – a tribe (race, lineage); the descendants of a common ancestor, like the progeny springing from Jacob (Israel).
φύω
phuó: to bring forth, produce
Original Word: φύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phuó Phonetic Spelling: (foo'-o) Definition: to bring forth, produce Usage: I grow, grow up, spring up.
φύω
spring up.
A primary verb; probably originally, to “puff” or blow, i.e. To swell up; but only used in the implied sense, to germinate or grow (sprout, produce), literally or figuratively – spring (up).
to beget, bring forth, produce; passive, to be born, to spring up, to grow
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κουστωδία
koustódia: a guard
Original Word: κουστωδία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: koustódia Phonetic Spelling: (koos-to-dee'-ah) Definition: a guard
κουστωδίαν (koustōdian) — 1 Occurrence
Matthew 27:65 N-AFS
GRK: Πιλᾶτος Ἔχετε κουστωδίαν ὑπάγετε ἀσφαλίσασθε
NAS: to them, You have a guard; go,
KJV: Ye have a watch: go your way,
INT: Pilate You have a guard Go make [it as] secure
Of Latin origin; “custody”, i.e. A Roman sentry – watch.
custodian (n.)
1781, “one who has the care or custody of anything” (a library, a lunatic, etc.), from custody (Latin custodia) + -an.
In this sense Middle English had custode (late 14c.), custodier (late 15c.). As “janitor,” by 1944, American English, short for custodian-janitor (by 1899). Related: Custodianship.
custody (n.)
mid-15c., “a keeping, a guarding, safe-keeping, protection, defense,” from Latin custodia “guarding, watching, keeping,” also “prison,” from custos (genitive custodis) “guardian, keeper, protector,” from PIE root *(s)keu- “to cover, conceal.” Meaning “restraint of liberty, confinement” is from 1580s.
*(s)keu-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to cover, conceal.”
It forms all or part of: chiaroscuro; cunnilingus; custody; cutaneous; cuticle; -cyte; cyto-; hide (v.1) “to conceal;” hide (n.1) “skin of a large animal;” hoard; hose; huddle; hut; kishke; lederhosen; meerschaum; obscure; scum; skewbald; skim; sky.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kostha “enclosing wall,” skunati “covers;” Greek kytos “a hollow, vessel,” keutho “to cover, to hide,” skynia “eyebrows;” Latin cutis “skin,” ob-scurus “dark;” Lithuanian kiautas “husk,” kūtis “stall;” Armenian ciw “roof;” Russian kishka “gut,” literally “sheath;” Old English hyd “a hide, a skin,” hydan “to hide, conceal; Old Norse sky “cloud;” Old English sceo “cloud;” Middle High German hode “scrotum;” Old High German scura, German Scheuer “barn;” Welsh cuddio “to hide.”
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LATIN
Latin: ut servaretur
Custodian, guardian
From Latin root: servo
I maintain, keep
Aequam memento rebus in arduis servare mentem
Remember to maintain a level mind in difficult affairs.
I protect, keep, guard, watch over
I save
Servā nōs, domine!
I preserve, store, keep
Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.
Endure, and preserve yourselves for better things.
Usage: a guard, watch.
From Latin servus, from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo- (“guardian”)
Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, protect”)
Cognates Greek: Ἥρας Ἥρας (genitive f) Hera a title of the empresses of Rome; see also Ζεύς Pythagorean name for nine the planet Venus
Hera: see also hera, Héra Hera (English) Origin & history Borrowing from Latin Hēra, from Ancient Greek Ἥρα. Pronunciation IPA: /ˈhɪəɹə/ Proper noun Hera…
Cognates Greek: ἥρως
ἥρως (Ancient Greek)
Origin & history
From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with Latin servō and possibly Ἥρα.
Noun
ἥρως (masc.) (genitive ἥρωος, third declension)
(Homeric) A hero of the Trojan War: any of the major combatants of the Greek or Trojan forces.
(classical) A hero or heroine of the ancient Greek religion: a human or demigod whose shrine was celebrated with chthonic rituals organized by local governments.
servo: …Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, protect”). Possible cognates in Ancient Greek Ἥρα, ἥρως.
Related to Greek: ὥρας
ὥρας (fem.) (genitive ὥρας) any defined period of time season (in plural): climate year time of day hour some specific time: right time, time for something time of life: youth
hour: …from Old French houre, (h)ore, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (“any time or period, whether of the year, month, or day”), from…
year: …(“year”), Polish jary (“springtime”), Serbo-Croatian jār (“spring”), Ancient Greek ὥρα (“year, season”)
From Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“year, season”).
στρέφω
τροπή
γῦρος
AWARE - TURN - REVOLVE - BEND
τροπή • (tropḗ) f (genitive τροπῆς); first declension a turning turning away the enemy, a rout solstice trope
From στρέφω (stréphō, “twist”) + -η (-noun).
A trope or “mode” refers to skeptical stock arguments or “ways of refuting dogmatism.”[3] There are two sets of these tropes: the the ten modes of Aenesidemus and the the five modes of Agrippa. See below…
Trope denotes figurative and metaphorical language and one which has been used in various technical senses. The term trope derives from the Greek τρόπος (tropos), “a turn, a change”,[1] related to the root of the verb τρέπειν (trepein), “to turn, to direct, to alter, to change”;[2] this means that the term is used metaphorically to denote, among other things, metaphorical language.
*wer- (2)
Proto-Indo-European root forming words meaning “to turn, bend.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vartate “turns round, rolls;”
Avestan varet- “to turn;”
Hittite hurki- “wheel;”
wVrk- PIH *Hʷ- Meaning: wheel Hittite: hurki- “wheel” Tokharian: A wärkänt, B yerkwanto 'wheel'
Most linguists argue that the PIEs (Proto-Indo-Europeans) did have words for wheel. The candidates put forward for wheel or wagon-related words are nine reconstructed PIE word forms. These are:
*hurki , argued to mean “wheel”
*roteh2, argued to mean “wheel”
*kwékwlo-, argued to mean “wheel”
*kwelh1-, argued to mean “turn” perhaps in the sense of a turning wheel.
*h2eks-, argued to mean “axle”
*h2ih3s-, argued to mean “thill” or “wagon shaft”
*wéĝh-, argued to mean “convey in a vehicle”
*h3nebh-, argued to mean “nave” or “wheel hub”
*iugó-, argued to mean “yoke”
The aim of this post is to cast a critical eye over the linguistics of each of these forms using evidence available on the internet. I am not a linguist. Feel free to shoot me down in flames or correct me if you have better information
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Greek rhatane “stirrer, ladle”
(“Big Dipper”)
ανακινητής
Stirrer
Provocateur
κουτάλα • (koutála) f (plural κουτάλες)
ladle, large spoon, scoop (wood or metal)
(anatomy) scapula
(figuratively, colloquial) gaining illegal benefit when in a position of power
κουτάλι n (koutáli, “spoon”)
κουτάλα f (koutála, “ladle”)
κουταλάκι n (koutaláki, “tea spoon”)
κουταλιά f (koutaliá, “spoonful”)
γλυκό του κουταλιού n (glykó tou koutalioú, “spoon sweet”)
κοφτό κουτάλι (koftó koutáli, “level spoonful”)
κουτάλι • (koutáli) n (plural κουτάλια)
(cutlery) spoon
(figuratively) spoon (metal lure for fishing)
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Latin vertere (frequentative versare) “to turn, turn back, be turned; convert, transform, translate; be changed,”
Latin: versus “turned toward or against;”
Old Church Slavonic vrŭteti “to turn, roll,” Russian vreteno “spindle, distaff;” Lithuanian verčiu, versti “to turn;” German werden,
Old English weorðan “to become;”
Old English -weard “toward,” originally “turned toward,”
Old English: weorthan “to befall,” wyrd “fate, destiny,” literally “what befalls one;” Welsh gwerthyd “spindle, distaff;”
Old Irish frith “against.”
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English Wikipedia has an article on:
strophe
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from Latin stropha
from Ancient Greek στροφή (strophḗ, “a turn, bend, twist”).
Noun
strophe (plural strophes)
(prosody) A turn in verse, as from one metrical foot to another, or from one side of a chorus to the other.
(prosody) The section of an ode that the chorus chants as it moves from right to left across the stage.
(prosody) A pair of stanzas of alternating form on which the structure of a given poem is based.
strophe f (plural strophes) (poetry) stanza
στροφή • (strofí) f (plural στροφές)
bend, turning, turn (change of direction)
στη στροφή του δρόμου ― sti strofí tou drómou ― at the bend in the road
turning, turn, revolving, twisting (rotation)
η μπαλαρίνα έκανε δυο στροφές ― i balarína ékane dyo strofés ― the ballerina made two turns
(music) verse, stanza
(nautical) tack
αναστρέφω (return, “to turn over, to invert; to tack”)
Morphologically from ανα- (“re-”) + στρέφω (“turn”).
αναστρέφω • (anastréfo) (past ανέστρεψα, passive αναστρέφομαι, p‑past αναστράφηκα)
reverse, flip, turn over
αναστρέψιμος (anastrépsimos, “reversible”)
αναστροφέας m (anastroféas, “inverter”) (engineering)
αναστροφή f (anastrofí, “inversion”)
ξανάστροφος (xanástrofos, “inverted”) (colloquial)
στροφή f (strofí, “bend, turn; tack”)
συναναστρέφομαι (synanastréfomai, “associate with”)
στρέφω • (stréphō)
(transitive) to twist
στρέψῐς • (strépsis) f (genitive στρέψεως); third declension
a turning round
(figuratively) deceit
From στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn”) + -σῐς (-abstract result noun).
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
στρόφῐγξ • (stróphinx) m (genitive στρόφῐγγος); third declension
pivot, axle or pin on which a body turns
(in the plural) pivots working in sockets, at top and bottom of a door.
Ultimately from στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn, rotate”).
στρέμμᾰ • (strémma) n (genitive στρέμμᾰτος); third declension that which is twisted, thread twist, roll wrench, stram, sprain conspiracy, band of conspirators.
From στρέφω (“to twist”) and the suffix -μα (-instance of).
καταστρέφω • (katastréphō)
Turn against.
(transitive) to turn down, bring down, subdue.
Morphologically from κατα- (“against-”) + στρέφω (“turn”).
καταστρέφω • (katastréfo) (past κατέστρεψα/κατάστρεψα, passive καταστρέφομαι)
destroy, ruin, wreck
deface
(figuratively) destroy (reputation, etc)
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GYRO
γῦρος • (gûros) m (genitive γῡ́ρου); second declension
ring, circle
γύρος • (gýros) m (plural γύροι)[5]
round, perimeter, rim
Synonyms: περίμετρος (perímetros), περιφέρεια (periféreia)
Expression: κάνω (káno) + accusative: κάνω το γύρο (káno to gýro, “make the round, go around”)
brim (of a hat)
bout, round, movement on a circle
«Ο γύρος του κόσμου σε ογδόντα ημέρες», μυθιστόρημα του Ιουλίου Βερν.
«O gýros tou kósmou se ogdónta iméres», mythistórima tou Ioulíou Vern.
«Around the World in Eighty Days», novel by Jules Verne.
a walk or stroll
Πάμε ένα γύρο στην πλατεία να δούμε τα παιδιά;
Páme éna gýro stin plateía na doúme ta paidiá?
Shall we go for a stroll to the square to see the guys?
Alternative form, feminine: γύρα (gýra) (colloquial)
bypass, detour, diversion from main route
Γίνονται έργα στη λεωφόρο και κάναμε ολόκληρο γύρο για να φτάσουμε.
Gínontai érga sti leofóro kai káname olókliro gýro gia na ftásoume.
There’s construction at the avenue, so we made a long detour to get there.
spread (of news)
Η είδηση του θανάτου της έκανε το γύρο του κόσμου.
I eídisi tou thanátou tis ékane to gýro tou kósmou.
The news of her death made international headlines. Literally: made the tour of the world.)
lap, round, tour (sport, game, elections)
προκριματικός γύρος - δεύτερος γύρος ― prokrimatikós gýros - défteros gýros ― preliminary round - second round
tour, turn (work)
From Koine Greek γῦρος (gûros, “rounding, circle”), substantivized from Ancient Greek γῡρός (gūrós, “round”)[1], from Proto-Hellenic *gūrós[2], possibly from Proto-Indo-European *guH-ró-s, from *geHu- (“to bend, curve”) + *-rós.[3][4] Possible cognate with Sanskrit गोल (gola, “circle”).
From Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, to bend”), same source as Old Armenian կոր (kor), Lithuanian gurnas (“ankle, hip, bone”), and Norwegian kaure (“curly lock of hair”).
Derived terms
Γύρος της Γαλλίας m (Gýros tis Gallías, “Tour de France”) (sports)
γύρος του θανάτου m (gýros tou thanátou, “lap of death”) (of dangerous acrobatics)
γύρος του θριάμβου m (gýros tou thriámvou, “lap of honour”)
Related terms[edit]
αυλόγυρος (avlógyros, “patio, garden surrounding a building”)
γυρεύω (gyrévo, “search, look around for”)
γύρη f (gýri, “pollen”)
γυρίζω (gyrízo, “turn, return”)
γυρο- (gyro-, “gyro-”) compounds
γύρω (gýro, “around”, adverb)
περίγυρος m (perígyros, “surroundings”)
πλατύγυρος (platýgyros, “with broad brim”)
ποδόγυρος m (podógyros, “hem of clothing”)
τριγύρω (trigýro, “around”, adverb)
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The ten modes of Aenesidemus[edit]
Aenesidemus is considered the creator of the ten modes of Aenesidemus (also known as ten tropes of Aenesidemus)—although whether he invented the tropes or just systematized them from prior Pyrrhonist works is unknown. The tropes represent reasons for epoché (suspension of judgment). These are as follows:
Different animals manifest different modes of perception;
Similar differences are seen among individual men;
For the same man, information perceived with the senses is self-contradictory
Furthermore, it varies from time to time with physical changes
In addition, this data differs according to local relations
Objects are known only indirectly through the medium of air, moisture, etc.
These objects are in a condition of perpetual change in colour, temperature, size and motion
All perceptions are relative and interact one upon another
Our impressions become less critical through repetition and custom
All men are brought up with different beliefs, under different laws and social conditions
In other words, Aenesidemus argues that experience varies infinitely under circumstances whose importance to one another cannot be accurately judged by human observers. He therefore rejects any concept of absolute knowledge of reality, since every each person has different perceptions, and they arrange their sense-gathered data in methods peculiar to themselves.[3]
The five modes of Agrippa (also known as the five tropes of Agrippa) are:
Dissent – The uncertainty demonstrated by the differences of opinions among philosophers and people in general.
Progress ad infinitum – All proof rests on matters themselves in need of proof, and so on to infinity, i.e, the regress argument.
Relation – All things are changed as their relations become changed, or, as we look upon them from different points of view.
Assumption – The truth asserted is based on an unsupported assumption.
Circularity – The truth asserted involves a circularity of proofs.
κοιτώ
κοιτάω
κοιτάζω
κοίταξα
κοιτιέμαι
NIGHT WATCH - GUARD
LOOK AT - LOOK OVER
VIGILANT
BED WATCH
Alternative forms
κοιτώ (koitó)
κοιτάζω (koitázo)
Verb
κοιτάω • (koitáo) past κοίταξα passive κοιτιέμαι look at look after examine, look over
see, look at): κοιτώ (koitó), κοιτάζω (koitázo), αντικρίζω (antikrízo), θωρώ (thoró) (literary)
(examine): εξετάζω (exetázo)
λόγος λέγω λογική λογικά λογικό λογῐκός λογῐκόν λογιστικός λογίζομαι λογῐσμός λογῐσμοῦ λόγια λογιστής λογιστές λογίστρια λογίζω λογιάζω λογικεύω λογικοκρατία λογαριάζω λογισμένος λογιστικός υπολογιστική υπολογιστικό λογίστηκα λογίζεται λογίζεσαι λογαριάζω
λόγος noun
λόγου genitive
(Adjective)
λογῐκός m
λογῐκή f
λογῐκόν n
-ῐκός (-adjective )
λογῐ́ζομαι
-ῐ́ζομαι (denominative mediopassive verb suffix).
λογισμός
-μός (verbal noun suffix).
plural λογισμοί
λέγειν present active infinitive of λέγω
LOGIC
WORD FAMILY Logic Ratio Ratify Reason Reckon Rectify Explanation Count Cause and Effect Sequence Order Temporal Order List Cardinal Number (Quantity = 1,2,3) Ordinal Number (List = 1st, 2nd, 3rd) first, second, third Account Calculate Compute Compare Contrast Measure Weight Settle Order Rank Arrange Straighten Line-up Place Set Put Put in a row Organize Categorize Count Account Number Enumerate Rank Type Group Arrange Line-up in series Straighten Order Reckon Balance Set-off Settle
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TAXONOMY
Noun
τάξη • (táxi) f (plural τάξεις)
class (set sharing attributes)
(biology, taxonomy) order
Noun τᾰ́ξῐς • (táxis) f (genitive τᾰ́ξεως or τᾰ́ξῐος); third declension arrangement, ordering battle array, order of battle (military) rank, line of soldiers post, place, position, rank division, brigade, company, cohort band, company arrangement, disposition, manner, nature assessment order, good order duty order, class
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ARRANGE - RANK
arrange (v.)
late 14c., arengen, “draw up a line of battle,”
from Old French arengier “put in a row, put in battle order”
(12c., Modern French arranger),
from a- “to” (see ad-) + rangier “set in a row”
From Modern French “ranger”
from rang “rank,”
from Frankish *hring or a similar Germanic source,
from Proto-Germanic *hringaz “something curved, circle,”
from nasalized form of PIE root *sker- (2) “to turn, bend.”
A rare word until the meaning generalized to “to place things in order”
c. 1780-1800.
From Proto-Indo-European / *sker-
*sker-
also *ker-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to turn, bend.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin curvus “bent, curved,” crispus “curly;”
Old Church Slavonic kragu “circle;”
Greek κρίκος “ring”
Greek κορωνός “curved, wreath, crown, garland”
Old English hring “ring, small circlet.”
CIRCUS
κρίκος • (kríkos) m (plural κρίκοι)
link, ring (attached to or part of a chain)
earring
(figuratively) link (connection between two people, subjects, etc)
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”).
κίρκος • (kírkos) m (genitive κίρκου); second declension type of hawk or falcon type of wolf circle, ring racecourse, circus type of stone (Hesychius) κωπηλάτης (“rower”) (Hesychius) ἡ τοῦ αἰγείρου βλάστησις (“sprouting of the black poplar”)
Compare κρέξ (“crane, crex”) and κρίκος (“ring”)
κορωνός • (korōnós) m (feminine κορωνή, neuter κορωνόν)
Adjective
curved, crooked
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).
κορώνη • (korṓnē) f (genitive κορώνης); first declension
a type of sea-bird, perhaps shearwater
crow
anything curved, especially a door handle
the tip of a bow, on which the string is hooked
the curved stern of a ship, especially its crown (ornamental top)
the tip of a plow-beam, upon which the yoke was attached
apophysis (the part of a bone where the tendon is attached)
end, tip, point
Latin - corōna f (genitive corōnae); first declension
garland, chaplet, laurel, or wreath; presented to athletes, the gods, or the dead
crown
corona f (plural coronas) crown (heraldry) crown crown (various units of currency) (of a star) corona wreath; ring, circle sprocket; (bicycle sprockets) cassette (mechanics) larger part of a pair of gear wheels.
From Latin corōna (“crown”)
From Ancient Greek κορώνη (“garland, wreath”).
Old English - ġecorōnian
Verb
to crown, coronate
From ġe- + Latin corōna (“crown”) + -ian.
ġe-
used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection
forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity;
co-
forms nouns and verbs with the sense of “result” or “process”
forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs
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λόγος • (lógos) m (plural λόγοι) Noun word (unit of language) word (word of honour) speech, language speech, oration (mathematics) ratio reason, causation
λόγια • (lógia) n pl
Noun
words
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Verb
λέγειν • (légein)
present active infinitive of λέγω (légō)
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ἐπῐ́λογος • (epílogos) m (genitive ἐπῐλόγου); second declension
Noun
reasoning, inference
the epilogue or concluding portion of a play
the peroration of a speech
a subjoined or explanatory sentence
from ἐπί (epí, “in addition”) + λέγειν (légein, “to say”).
From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech”).
Noun
epilogue
epilogue (plural epilogues)
A short speech, spoken directly at the audience at the end of a play
The performer who gives this speech
A brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece; an afterword
(computing) A component of a computer program that prepares the computer to return from a routine.
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LATIN
ratiō f (genitive ratiōnis); third declension
reason, explanation
calculation, account
manner, method
From reor (“to compute”) + -tiō.
reor (present infinitive rērī, perfect active ratus sum); second conjugation, deponent
I reckon, calculate.
I think, deem, judge.
From Proto-Italic *rēōr,
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”),
reanalysed root of *h₂er- (“to put in order”)
*h₂reh₁-
to think, reason
to arrange
Reanalyzed root of *h₂er- (“to join; to prepare”) + *-éh₁ti.
*h₂er-
to fit, to fix, to put together
From Latin - ōrdō
ōrdō m (genitive ōrdinis); third declension
a methodical series, arrangement, or order; regular line, row, or series
a class, station, condition, rank
a group (of people) of the same class, caste, station, or rank (“vir senatorii ordinis”)
(military) A rank or line of soldiers; band, troop, company
(military) command, captaincy, generalship
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-d-, from *h₂er-, whence artus.
From Latin artus m (genitive artūs); fourth declension
(anatomy, usually in the plural) a joint
(figuratively) sinew, strength, power
(poetic) the limbs
From Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “arranging, arrangement”)
ἀρτύς • (artús) f (genitive ἀρτύος); third declension
Alternative form of ἀρθμός (arthmós)
ἀρθμός • (arthmós) m (genitive ἀρθμοῦ); second declension
bond, league, friendship
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit; to put together”).
ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (árthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension (anatomy) joint Synonym: ἅψος (hápsos) (anatomy) limb articulation (grammar) connecting word
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂értus (“that which is fit together; juncture, ordering”),
from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”).
Cognates include Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú, “right time, order, rule”),
Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “arranging, arrangement”)
άρθρο • (árthro) n (plural άρθρα)
(grammar) article
οριστικό άρθρο ― oristikó árthro ― definite article
(journalism) article
κύριο άρθρο ― kýrio árthro ― lead story
article of a charter, law, contract etc.
άρθρο πίστεως ― árthro písteos ― article of faith
άρθρο • (árthro) n (plural άρθρα)
(grammar) article
οριστικό άρθρο ― oristikó árthro ― definite article
(journalism) article
κύριο άρθρο ― kýrio árthro ― lead story
article of a charter, law, contract etc.
άρθρο πίστεως ― árthro písteos ― article of faith
cognate with Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós, “a number”)
ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) number amount, sum term in a series number, account, rank quantity (opposite quality) numbering, counting arithmetic (philosophy) abstract number (grammar) number numeral unknown quantity (rhetoric) rhythm the sum of the numerical values of the letters of a name military unit (=Latin numerus) (astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time (medicine) precise condition
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-. Cognates include Old Irish rím Old English rīm (English rhyme) and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nḗritos, “countless”).
rītus m (genitive rītūs); fourth declension
rite, ceremony
habit, custom, usage
Cognate with Sanskrit रीति (rītí, “rite, custom, usage, ceremony, procedure”).
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CUSTOM
custom (n.)
c. 1200, custume, “habitual practice,” either of an individual or a nation or community,
from Old French costume “custom, habit, practice; clothes, dress” (12c., Modern French coutume),
from Vulgar Latin *consuetumen,
from Latin consuetudinem (nominative consuetudo) “habit, usage, way, practice, tradition, familiarity,” from consuetus, past participle of consuescere “accustom,”
from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + suescere “become used to, accustom oneself,”
related to sui, genitive of suus “oneself,”
from PIE *swe- “oneself” (see idiom).
Custom implies continued volition, the choice to keep doing what one has done; as compared with manner and fashion, it implies a good deal of permanence. [Century Dictionary]
A doublet of costume.
An Old English word for it was þeaw. Meaning “the practice of buying goods at some particular place” is from 1590s. Sense of a “regular” toll or tax on goods is early 14c. The native word here is toll (n.).
———————————————-
CALCULATE
χᾰ́λῐξ • (khálix) m or f (genitive χᾰ́λῐκος); third declension
small stone, pebble.
gravel, rubble (used in building and concrete making)
Latin calx (“limestone, chalk, finish line”).
χαλίκι • (chalíki) n (plural χαλίκια)
gravel
pebble
αμμοχάλικο • (ammocháliko) n (plural αμμοχάλικα)
Noun
(construction) aggregate, sand and gravel.
Derived from a compound of άμμος (“sand”) + χαλίκι (“gravel”)
calculus (n.)
mathematical method of treating problems by the use of a system of algebraic notation, 1660s, from Latin calculus “reckoning, account,” originally “pebble used as a reckoning counter,” diminutive of calx (genitive calcis) “limestone” (see chalk (n.)). Modern mathematical sense is a shortening of differential calculus.
calculate (v.)
1560s, “to ascertain by computation, estimate by mathematical means,” from Latin calculatus, past participle of calculare “to reckon, compute,” from calculus (see calculus).
Meaning “to plan, devise” is from 1650s;
hence “to purpose, intend” and “to think, guess” (1830),
chalk (n.)
Old English cealc “chalk, soft white limestone; lime, plaster; pebble,”
From Latin calx (2) “limestone, lime (crushed limestone), small stone,”
From Greek khalix “small pebble,” which many trace to a PIE root for “split, break up.”
Cognate words in most Germanic languages still have the “limestone” sense, but in English transferred chalk to the opaque, white, soft limestone found abundantly in the south of the island. The modern spelling is from early 14c. The Latin word for “chalk” was creta, which also is of unknown origin. With many figurative or extended senses due to the use of chalk marks to keep tracks of credit for drinks in taverns and taprooms, or to keep the score in games.
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LATIN
REASON
from Latin ratiō,
from ratus,
past participle of reor (“reckon”).
Doublet of ration and ratio.
ratus (feminine rata, neuter ratum); first/second-declension participle
considered, having been considered.
ratus (feminine rata, neuter ratum); first/second-declension adjective
established, authoritative
fixed, certain
English: ratify
ratify (third-person singular simple present ratifies, present participle ratifying, simple past and past participle ratified)
(transitive) To give formal consent to; make officially valid, sign off on.
Synonyms
(give formal consent to): approve
From Old French ratifier,
from Medieval Latin ratifico,
from Latin ratus (“reckoned”).
Count Account Number Enumerate Rank Type Group
Arrange
Line-up in series
Straighten
Order
Reckon
Settle
Balance
Set-off
reckon (third-person singular simple present reckons, present participle reckoning, simple past and past participle reckoned)
To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.
To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality or value.
To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; – followed by an objective clause
I reckon he won’t try that again.
To reckon with something or somebody or not, i.e to reckon without something or somebody: to take into account, deal with, consider or not, i.e. to misjudge, ignore, not take into account, not deal with, not consider or fail to consider; e.g. reckon without one’s host
(intransitive) To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing.
To come to an accounting; to draw up or settle accounts; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of desert or penalty.
From Middle English rekenen,
from Old English recenian (“to pay; arrange, dispose, reckon”) and ġerecenian (“to explain, recount, relate”);
both from Proto-Germanic *rekanōną (“to count, explain”),
from Proto-Germanic *rekanaz (“swift, ready, prompt”),
from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to make straight or right”).
Cognate with Latin rectus (“straight, right”),
Scots rekkin (“to ennumerate, mention, narrate, rehearse, count, calculate, compute”)
The word ‘compute’ comes from the Latin word computare, meaning “arithmetic, accounting, reckoning”.
Clearly, its meaning has been extended to include non-numerical “reckoning”.
Latin computare
com- (“with”)
-putare (“to settle, clear up, reckon”)
The Latin word computare itself comes from:
Latin com, meaning “with”, and
Latin putare, meaning “to settle, clear up, reckon”.
So, in ancient Rome at least, to “compute” seems to have meant, more or less, something like:
“to settle things together” or maybe “to reckon with (something)”.
The origins of ‘count’, ‘calculate’, and ‘figure’ are also interesting:
‘count’ also came from computare and originally meant “to enumerate”, “to recite a list”
(and ‘recite’ is probably related to ‘reckon’; see above).
Note that when you “count”, you “recite” a list of number words.
‘Calculate’ came from Latin calculus, meaning (“pebble”)
since counting was done with pebbles originally!
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λογική • (logikí) f (uncountable)
Noun
logic
λογικεύω (“to think/behave reasonably”)
λογικά (“logically”)
λογικοκρατία f (“logicism”)
λογικός (“logical”)
Adverb
λογικά • (logiká)
logically
λογικός • (logikós) m (feminine λογική, neuter λογικό)
Adjective
logical, rational
reasonable
sensible (Acting with or showing good sense; able to make good judgements based on reason)
λογῐκός • (logikós) m (feminine λογῐκή, neuter λογῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
Belonging to speech: prose
Belonging to reason: intellectual
rational, logical, reasonable, thoughtful
From λόγος (“speech, reason”) + -ῐκός (-adjective )
-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν)
first/second declension
Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to,
in the manner of; -ic
Logic
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λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension
Noun
That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance.
That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning.
An account, explanation, or narrative.
Subject matter.
(Christianity) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament.
From the root of λέγω (légō, “I say”).
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λογῐ́ζομαι • (logízomai) Verb I count, reckon (mathematics) I calculate, compute I consider, ponder, take into account I count on, expect I think, believe
From λόγος (“computation, reckoning”) + -ῐ́ζομαι (denominative mediopassive verb suffix).
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λογῐσμός • (logismós) m (genitive λογῐσμοῦ); second declension Noun calculation, computation (in plural): numbers reasoning, argument reflection, thought reasoning power, wisdom
From λογίζομαι (“I calculate”) + -μός (verbal noun suffix).
Greek: λογισμός m (“thoughts, calculation”)
λογισμός • (logismós) m (plural λογισμοί)
Noun
(mathematics) calculation, calculus
(plural) thoughts
From λογίζομαι (“I calculate”) + -μός (verbal noun suffix).
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λογιστής • (logistís) m (plural λογιστές, feminine λογίστρια)
Noun
(commerce) accountant, book-keeper
Εγώ δουλεύω σαν λογιστής. ― I work as an accountant.
From Ancient Greek λογιστής - equivalent to λογ- (“to calculate”) + -ιστής (“-ist / -er”)
Logician
Logicist
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λογῐσμός • (logismós) m (genitive λογῐσμοῦ); second declension Noun calculation, computation (in plural): numbers reasoning, argument reflection, thought reasoning power, wisdom.
From λογίζομαι (“I calculate”) + -μός (verbal noun suffix).
Greek: λογισμός m (“thoughts, calculation”)
λογισμός • (logismós) m (plural λογισμοί)
(mathematics) calculation, calculus
(plural) thoughts
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αναλογία • (analogía) f (plural αναλογίες)
analogy
proportion, ratio.
αναλογία πλευρών f (analogía plevrón, “aspect ratio”)
ανάλογα (“proportionately - proportionally”)
ανάλογος (análogos, “analogous, proportional”)
αναλογικός (analogikós, “proportional, analogue”)
αναλογώ (analogó, “to be analogous”)
αναλογικός • (analogikós) m (feminine αναλογική, neuter αναλογικό) Adjective proportional, proportionate analogue (UK), analog (US) αναλογικό ρολόι ― analogue watch.
αναλογική f (“proportional representation”)
Noun
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παραλογίζομαι
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: paralogizomai
Phonetic Spelling: (par-al-og-id’-zom-ahee)
Definition: to miscalculate, to reason falsely
Usage: I deceive, beguile, reason falsely, mislead.
HELPS Word-studies
3884 paralogízomai (from 3844 /pará, “contrary when compared side-by-side” and 3049 /logízomai, “to reason”) – properly, to reason contrary to truth, in a misleading (erroneous) way.
3884 /paralogízomai (“deceive close-beside”) operates by distorted reasoning – using what seems “plausible” but later lets the person down (“disappoints”).
From para and logizomai; to misreckon, i.e. Delude – beguile, deceive.
to reckon wrong, miscount
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Related terms
λογιάζω ( i mean)
λογισμός m (calculations thoughts)
-λογίζω suffix for compounds (to calculate)
αναλογίζω ( to recalculate) αντιλογίζω ( I reflect ) καταλογίζω ( to ascribe ) προλογίζω ( to recite a prologue, preface ) προϋπολογίζω (“precalculate”) συνυπολογίζω (“calculate together”) υπολογίζω (“calculate”) φιλολογίζω ( friendly calculation, generous calculation) -λογίζομαι compounds
αναλογίζομαι ( “recalculate, dwell on”) διαλογίζομαι (“meditate, consider the numbers”) παραλογίζομαι (“miscalculate”) συλλογίζομαι (“contemplate”) and see: λόγος m (lógos)
λογαριάζω (to compute, estimate)
ὑπολογίζομαι (“take under consideration”)
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υπολογίζω • (ypologízo) active (past υπολόγισα, passive υπολογίζομαι) Verb calculate, compute Synonyms: λογαριάζω, στιμάρω (folksy) reckon, estimate Synonyms: νομίζω, θεωρώ gauge, estimate think highly of someone Synonym: στιμάρω (dialectal regional)
From Ancient Greek ὑπολογίζομαι (“take under consideration”).
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υπολογισμένος -μένος (-ed) Past Participle Calculated -μένος m -μένη f -μένο n
υπολογισμένος • (ypologisménos) m (feminine υπολογισμένη, neuter υπολογισμένο)
Participle
calculated, estimated
(of measurable things)
Όλες οι κρατικές δαπάνες είναι υπολογισμένες στον ετήσιο προϋπολογισμό.
Óles oi kratikés dapánes eínai ypologisménes ston etísio proÿpologismó.
All public expenses are calculated in the annual budget.
(of movements, especially repetitive ones)
Οι υπολογισμένες κινήσεις του έμπειρου χειρούργου.
Oi ypologisménes kiníseis tou émpeirou cheiroúrgou.
The calculated movements of the experienced surgeon.
(of calculated activities, behaviours)
Οι αποφάσεις του προέδρου ήταν καλά υπολογισμένες· επανεκλέχτηκε.
Oi apofáseis tou proédrou ítan kalá ypologisménes; epanekléchtike.
The president’s decisions were well calculated; he was reelected.
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προϋπολογισμένος (proÿpologisménos, “precalculated”)
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υπολογιστής • (ypologistís) m (plural υπολογιστές, feminine υπολογίστρια)
Noun
self-seeker, selfish person (person who calculates before acting)
(technology) calculator, computer
ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής ― ilektronikós ypologistís ― electronic computer
Calque of French calculateur (“calculating person”), after the English electronic calculator using the Greek υπολογίζω (ypologízo, “to calculate”).
υπολογίζω (ypologízo, “to calculate”)
επιτραπέζιος υπολογιστής m (epitrapézios ypologistís, “desktop calculator”)
ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής m (ilektronikós ypologistís, “electronic calculator”)
φορητός υπολογιστής m (foritós ypologistís, “laptop computer”)
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υπολογισμός • (ypologismós) m (plural υπολογισμοί)
Noun
calculation
estimate, guess
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υπολογιστικός • (ypologistikós) m (feminine υπολογιστική, neuter υπολογιστικό)
Adjective
computational
η υπολογιστική μηχανή ― i ypologistikí michaní ― the computational machine
το υπολογιστικό σύστημα ― to ypologistikó sýstima ― the computational system
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αναλογίζομαι • (analogízomai) deponent (past αναλογίστηκα)
Verb
consider, dwell on, think about, brood, brood on
ανα- (“re-”) + λογίζομαι (“think, consider”).
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διαλογίζομαι • (dialogízomai) deponent (past διαλογίστηκα)
Verb
meditate, contemplate, consider.
From Ancient Greek consider. Morphologically, from δια- (“trans-”) + λογίζομαι (“think”).
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παραλογίζομαι • (paralogízomai) deponent (past παραλογίστηκα) found chiefly in the present and imperfect tenses
Verb
be out of one’s mind, lose one’s mind (lose all sense of logic)
Μην τον ακούς, παραλογίζεται λόγω θλίψης. ― Min ton akoús, paralogízetai lógo thlípsis. ― Don’t listen to him, he’s out of his mind due to grief.
rant, rave, talk through one’s hat (to invent or fabricate facts)
Παραλογίζεσαι μ’ αυτά που λες, δεν το καταλάβαινες; ― Paralogízesai m’ aftá pou les, den to katalávaines? ― You’re talking through your hat, can’t you understand it?
From Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰλογῐ́ζομαι (“cheat; reason falsely”)
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παράλογος • (parálogos) m (feminine παράλογη, neuter παράλογο)
Noun
illogical, unreasonable, absurd
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συλλογίζομαι • (syllogízomai) deponent (past συλλογίστηκα)
Verb
contemplate, ponder, think about, ruminate
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σῠλλογῐσμός • (sullogismós) m (genitive σῠλλογῐσμοῦ); second declension (Attic, Koine)
Noun
computation, calculation, rating, assessment
reasoning
plan, scheme
putting together of observed facts: inference
(logic) syllogism (beginning with Aristotle)
(rhetoric) inference from written to unwritten law
Verbal noun from συλλογίζομαι (sullogízomai, “to compute, infer”) + -μός
from Ancient Greek συλλογισμός (sullogismós, “inference, conclusion”).
syllogism (plural syllogisms)
(logic) An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term that is excluded from the conclusion. quotations ▼
Meronyms: major premise, minor premise
(obsolete) A trick, artifice; an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument; a sophism.
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σῠλλογῐ́ζομαι • (sullogízomai) (Attic, Koine)
Verb
to compute, calculate
(logic) to conclude from premises, infer
(beginning with Aristotle) to infer by using syllogisms, syllogistically
(rare) to plan
From σῠν- (sun-, “together”) + λογίζομαι (logízomai, “to calculate”).
συλλογίζομαι • (syllogízomai) deponent (past συλλογίστηκα)
contemplate, ponder, think about, ruminate.
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συλλογή • (syllogí) f (plural συλλογές)
Noun
collection, compilation, assortment, picking
From Ancient Greek συλλογή (“collection”)
from συλλέγω (“to collect”)
from σύν (“with”) + λέγω (“to say”).
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collect (v.)
early 15c., “gather into one place or group” (transitive), from Old French collecter “to collect” (late 14c.),
from Latin collectus, past participle of colligere “gather together,”
from assimilated form of com “together” (see com-) + legere “to gather,”
from PIE root *leg- (1) “to collect, gather.”
*leg- (1)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to collect, gather,” with derivatives meaning “to speak” on the notion of “to gather words, to pick out words.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Greek legein “to say, tell, speak, declare; to count,” originally,
in Homer, “to pick out, select, collect, enumerate;”
lexis “speech, diction;”
logos “word, speech, thought, account;”
Latin legere “to gather, choose, pluck; read,”
lignum “wood, firewood,” literally “that which is gathered,”
legare “to depute, commission, charge,”
lex “law” (perhaps “collection of rules”);
Albanian mb-ledh “to collect, harvest;” Gothic lisan “to collect, harvest,” Lithuanian lesti “to pick, eat picking;” Hittite less-zi “to pick, gather.”
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λογῐστῐκός • (logistikós) m (feminine λογῐστῐκή, neuter λογῐστῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
skilled in calculating
skilled in reasoning: reasonable, rational
From λογίζομαι (“I reason, I calculate”) + -τικός (verbal adjective suffix).
Greek: λογιστικός (logistikós, “accounting”)
λογιστικό φύλλο n (“spreadsheet”) From Ancient Greek φύλλον (“leaf”) φύλλο • (fýllo) n (plural φύλλα) Noun (botany) leaf (of plant, etc); blade (leaf of grass, etc) φύλλο δάφνης ― fýllo dáfnis ― bay leaf sheet (paper) (journalism) newspaper, issue, number
From Ancient Greek -ιστής When it is added to a verb, it is usually of the ending -ίζω (verb)
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SUFFIX
-ιστής • (-istís) m (feminine -ίστρια)
added to a noun or adjective to create words for a male person who is a follower or supporter of that notion; -ist:
κομμουνισμός (kommounismós, “Communism”) + -ιστής (-istís) → κομμουνιστής (kommounistís, “Communist”)
εθνικός (ethnikós, “ethnic, national”) + -ιστής (-istís) → εθνικιστής (ethnikistís, “nationalist”)
Ισλάμ (Islám, “Islam”) + -ιστής (-istís) → ισλαμιστής (islamistís, “Islamist”)
added to a noun, adjective or verb to create words for a male person who behaves in a certain way; -ist, -er:
εγώ (egó, “I”) + -ιστής (-istís) → εγωιστής (egoistís, “egoist, selfish”)
υπερασπίζω (yperaspízo, “to defender”) + -ιστής (-istís) → υπερασπιστής (yperaspistís, “defender”)
έτσι θέλω (étsi thélo, “that’s the way I want”) + -ιστής (-istís) → ετσιθελιστής (etsithelistís, “arbitrary person”)
added to a noun or verb to create words for a male person who is a habitual doer of said action; -ist, -er:
ποδόσφαιρο (podósfairo, “football”) + -ιστής (-istís) → ποδοσφαιριστής (podosfairistís, “footballer”)
σκάκι (skáki, “chess”) + -ιστής (-istís) → σκακιστής (skakistís, “chess player”)
From Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs). When it is added to a verb, it is usually of the ending -ίζω (-ízo).
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SUFFIX
-ισμός • (-ismós) m
A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine.
-ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
Rebracketing of the suffix -μός (-mós) appended to verbs in -ίζω (-ízō) / -ίζομαι (-ízomai), such as in λογισμός (logismós) (λογίζομαι (logízomai) + -μός (-mós)).
-μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
From Proto-Indo-European *-mos or *-mós.
*(ó)-mos m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
Latin
-mus (front vowel harmony variant -mys)
forms nouns from verbs
tutkia (“to study, explore, investigate”) + -mus → tutkimus (“research, investigation”)
luottaa (“to trust”) + -mus → luottamus (“trust”)
From Etymology
-ma + -us
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)
Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
elää (“to live”) + -ma → elämä (“life”)
kuolla (“to die”) + -ma → kuolema (“death”)
osua (“to hit”) + -ma → osuma (“hit”)
sattua (“to take place”) + -ma → sattuma (“chance”)
tapahtua (“to happen”) + -ma → tapahtuma (“event”)
Latin -ma
-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä)
The suffix of the agent participle.
ajaa (“to drive”) + -ma → ajama (“driven by”)
miehen ajama auto — car driven by the man
Latin -us
-us (front vowel harmony variant -ys)
Forms nouns from verbs, describing an action or event.
kuvata (“to describe”) → kuvaus (“description”)
pakata (“to pack”) → pakkaus (“package”)
ylentää (“to promote”) → ylennys (“promotion”)
hälyttää (“to alarm”) → hälytys (“an alarm”)
Forms nouns, indicating resemblance or association.
kanta (“base”) → kannus (“spur”)
sormi (“finger”) → sormus (“ring”)
vasta- (“counter-”) → vastus (“resistance, opposition”)
kehä (“circle, ring”) → kehys (“frame”)
syli (“bosom, lap”) → sylys (“armful”)
typerä (“stupid”) → typerys (“fool”)
Latin -ỹs
-ỹs m (plural -iaĩ, feminine -ė̃) stress pattern 3
agentive nominalizing suffix, typically applied to verbal roots in compounds
dárbas (“work”) + dúoti (“give”) → darbdavỹs (“employer”)
galvà (“head”) + žudýti (“kill”) → galvažudỹs (“hitman, assassin”)
Synonyms: -ininkas, -ėjas, -tojas
produces masculine animates from some nominal stems
árklas (“plough”) → arklỹs (“horse”)
gaidà (“melody”) → gaidỹs (“cockerel”)
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υπολογίζω • (ypologízo) active (past υπολόγισα, passive υπολογίζομαι) calculate, compute Synonyms: λογαριάζω, στιμάρω (folksy) reckon, estimate Synonyms: νομίζω, θεωρώ gauge, estimate think highly of someone Synonym: στιμάρω (dialectal regional)
the participles υπολογισμένος and the more rare, learned υπολογιζόμενος
υπολογίσιμος (ypologísimos, “one to be taken seriously”)
υπολογιστής (ypologistís, “of ulterior motive”) (masculine) - υπολογίστρια (feminine)
υπολογιστής m (ypologistís, “calculator”)
Related terms[edit]
υπολογισμός m (ypologismós, “calculation”)
υπολογιστικός (ypologistikós, “computational”)
From Ancient Greek ὑπολογίζομαι (“take under consideration”).
υπολογιστής • (ypologistís) m (plural υπολογιστές, feminine υπολογίστρια)
self-seeker, selfish person (person who calculates before acting)
(technology) calculator, computer
ηλεκτρονικός υπολογιστής ― ilektronikós ypologistís ― electronic computer
Calque of French calculateur (“calculating person”),
μετρώ
μετράω
COUNT
μετρώ • (metró) (past μέτρησα, passive μετριέμαι)
count, measure, include
count, matter
μετράω • (metráo) (past μέτρησα, passive μετριέμαι)
Alternative form of μετρώ (metró)
μέτρο • (métro) n (plural μέτρα) measure, measurement (SI base unit, sciences, engineering) metre (universal), meter (US) (music, poetry) metre (UK), meter (US) moderation
μέτρον • (métron) n (genitive μέτρου); second declension
something used to measure: measure, rule, weight
length, width, breadth
(music, poetry) metre
From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) + -τρον (-instrument noun).
μῆτῐς • (mêtis) f (genitive μήτῐος or μήτῐδος); third declension (poetic)
skill
counsel
plan
From Proto-Indo-European *méh₁tis (“measurement”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Old English mǣþ.
μέτρηση • (métrisi) f (plural μετρήσεις)
counting
measurement
αντίστροφη μέτρηση f (antístrofi métrisi, “countdown”)
μέτρημα - a count, one count.
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Suffix
-τρον • (-tron) n (genitive -τρου); second declension
(“Forms instrument nouns”)
Α ἄγκιστρον ἀμφίβληστρον ἄροτρον Ε ἔλυτρον ἐξάλειπτρον Ζ ζύγαστρον Θ θέατρον Κ κάναστρον κάτοπτρον κέντρον κίνητρον Λ λέκτρον λύτρον Μ μέτρον Ν νῆτρον νίπτρον Π πλάστρον πλῆκτρον Σ σεῖστρον στέγαστρον σφάκτρον Τ τέρετρον Φ φέρετρον φίλτρον φρύγετρον Χ χείμαστρον
γνῶ
TO KNOW - ACQUAINTED
ACQUIRED
γνῶσῐς γνώση γιγνώσκω γνωρίζω γνώσεως (genitive - of knowledge) γνώρισα (aorist - simple-past) γνωρίζομαι (passive) δῐᾰ́γνωσῐς (discerning, deciding) δῐᾰγνώσεως (genitive - of discernment) διαγιγνώσκω (the result of discernment) διάγνωση (diagnosis) f διαγνώσεις (plural)
ἐπῐ́γνωσῐς • (epígnōsis) f recognition, knowledge
Usage: knowledge of a particular point (directed towards a particular object)
ἐπῐγνώσεως (genitive) of recognition διαγνωστικός (diagnostic) πρόγνωση • (prognosis, precognition) f προγνώσεις (plural) ἐπιγιγνώσκω (to look upon, observe) ἀνάγνωσις (anágnōsis) ἀπόγνωσις (apógnōsis) αὐτογνῶσις (autognôsis) διάγνωσις (diágnōsis) ἐπίγνωσις (epígnōsis) κατάγνωσις (katágnōsis) μετάγνωσις (metágnōsis) παρανάγνωσις (paranágnōsis) πρόγνωσις (prógnōsis) προδιάγνωσις (prodiágnōsis) σύγγνωσις (súngnōsis) συνανάγνωσις (sunanágnōsis) αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”) παραγνωρίζω (paragnorízo, “overlook”) πρωτογνωρίζω (protognorízo, “meet for the first time”) αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”)= γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) ἀγνοέω (agnoéō) to ignore ἀγνώμων (agnṓmōn) ἀγνώς (agnṓs) δουλογνώμων (doulognṓmōn) δυσγνώμων (dusgnṓmōn) falsity δύσγνωστος (dúsgnōstos) incorrect, error, faulty μικρογνωμοσῠ́νη (mikrognōmosúnē) μοιρογνωμόνῐον (moirognōmónion) μονογνώμων (monognṓmōn) γνῶμᾰ (gnôma) γνώμη (gnṓmē) γνωμηδόν (gnōmēdón) γνωμῐκός (gnōmikós) γνωμοσῠ́νη (gnōmosúnē) γνώμων (gnṓmōn) γνῶσῐς (gnôsis) knowledge in particular γνωστός (gnōstós) knowledgeable “man” αγνώριστος (unrecognizable) γνώριμος (familiar, known - adjective) αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”)
αναγνωρισμένος • (anagnorisménos) m
(feminine αναγνωρισμένη)
(neuter αναγνωρισμένο)
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γνώριμος • (gnórimos) m (feminine γνώριμη, neuter γνώριμο)
Adjective
familiar, known
γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension
inquiry
knowledge
fame
From γιγνώσκω (“I know”) + -σις (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process).
γνώση • (gnósi) f (plural γνώσεις)
knowledge, scholarship (knowing; understanding)
From Ancient Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”).
πεδίο γνώσης n (pedío gnósis, “field of knowledge”)
γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know”) γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō) make known (in passive: become known) learn, discover From γνῶσις (gnôsis, “known”) + -ίζω (-verbs from nouns) γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) know (something), be aware, recognize know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance
υποτροφία f (ypotrofía, “scholarship - student award”)
γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension Noun inquiry knowledge fame
δῐᾰ́γνωσῐς • (diágnōsis) f (genitive δῐᾰγνώσῐος or δῐᾰγνώσεως); third declension Noun Diagnosis distinguishing means of distinguishing or discerning (medicine) diagnosis power of discernment resolving, deciding (law, Christianity) examination, opinion, decision.
διαγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō, “distinguish, discern”) + -σῐς (-sis)
from δια- (dia-) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “know”).
διάγνωση • (diágnosi) f (plural διαγνώσεις)
(medicine) diagnosis
διαγνωστικός (diagnostikós, “diagnostic”)
πρόγνωση f (prógnosi, “prognosis”)
πρόγνωση • (prógnosi) f (plural προγνώσεις)
precognition
(medicine) prognosis
ἐπῐ́γνωσῐς • (epígnōsis) f (genitive ἐπῐγνώσεως); third declension Noun examination, scrutiny acquaintance, full knowledge an acknowledgement.
From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “upon”) + γνῶσῐς (gnôsis, “inquiry, knowledge”)
from ἐπιγιγνώσκω (epigignṓskō) + -σῐς (-sis).
ἐπίγνωσις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: epignósis Phonetic Spelling: (ep-ig'-no-sis) Definition: recognition, knowledge Usage: knowledge of a particular point (directed towards a particular object); perception, discernment, recognition, intuition.
precise and correct knowledge; used in the N. T. of the knowledge of things ethical and divine: absolutely
“on, fitting” which intensifies 1108 /gnṓsis, “knowledge gained through first-hand relationship”) – properly, “contact-knowledge” that is appropriate (“apt, fitting”) to first-hand, experiential knowing. This is defined by the individual context. See 1921 (epignōskō).
acknowledgement.
From epiginosko; recognition, i.e. (by implication) full discernment, acknowledgement – (ac-)knowledge(-ing, - ment).
SUFFIX
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
ἐπῐγιγνώσκω • (epigignṓskō)
to look upon, witness, observe
to recognize, know again
(of things) to find out, discover, detect
to come to a judgement, decide
to recognize, acknowledge, approve.
From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”)
ἐπιγινώσκω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: epiginóskó
Phonetic Spelling: (ep-ig-in-oce’-ko)
Definition: to know exactly, to recognize
Usage: I come to know by directing my attention to him or it, I perceive, discern, recognize; aor: I found out.
“on, fitting” which intensifies 1097 /ginṓskō, “know through personal relationship”) – properly, apt, experiential knowing, through direct relationship. This knowing builds on (epi, “upon”) the verbal idea and hence is defined by the individual context.
Example: 1 Cor 13:12: “For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face; now I know in part, but then I will aptly-experientially know (1921 /epiginṓskō) to the extent (2531 /kathṓs) I also have been aptly-experientially known (1921 /epiginṓskō).”
[Believers then will personally (aptly) know the Lord throughout the aeons of eternity – in keeping with the extent (Gk kathōs) they allowed Him to personally (aptly) know them here on earth.
“Been known” is the passive form of 1921 /epiginṓskō (aorist indicative, epegnōsthēn), indicating that the level we will experientially know (enjoy) God in eternity will “match” the level we were known by Him in this life (see also P. Hughs at 2 Cor 1:13).
1097 (ginōskō) is used once in this verse, and 1921 (epiginṓskō) twice. Both uses of 1921 (epiginṓskō) work in conjunction with the Greek adverb, 2531 /kathṓs (“to the extent of).” The “appropriate (apt)” knowledge matches the envisioned “contact” (note the root, 1097 /ginṓskō, “first-hand knowing”).]
ἀνάγνωσις (anágnōsis) ἀπόγνωσις (apógnōsis) αὐτογνῶσις (autognôsis) διάγνωσις (diágnōsis) ἐπίγνωσις (epígnōsis) κατάγνωσις (katágnōsis) μετάγνωσις (metágnōsis) παρανάγνωσις (paranágnōsis) πρόγνωσις (prógnōsis) προδιάγνωσις (prodiágnōsis) σύγγνωσις (súngnōsis) συνανάγνωσις (sunanágnōsis)
Derived terms
αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”)
παραγνωρίζω (paragnorízo, “overlook”)
πρωτογνωρίζω (protognorízo, “meet for the first time”)
Related terms αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”)
γνώριμος • (gnórimos) m (feminine γνώριμη, neuter γνώριμο)
Adjective
familiar, known
From γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know, recognise”) + -ιμος (-imos)
SUFFIX
-ῐμος • (-imos) m or f (neuter -ῐμον); second declension
Added to the stems of verbs or verbal nouns in -σις (-sis) to form an adjective of possibility or capability: -able, -ible, -like, -ed
δοκέω (dokéō, “seem good”) + -ιμος (-imos) → δόκιμος (dókimos, “approved”)
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ἀνάγνωσις (anágnōsis) ἀπόγνωσις (apógnōsis) αὐτογνῶσις (autognôsis) διάγνωσις (diágnōsis) ἐπίγνωσις (epígnōsis) κατάγνωσις (katágnōsis) μετάγνωσις (metágnōsis) παρανάγνωσις (paranágnōsis) πρόγνωσις (prógnōsis) προδιάγνωσις (prodiágnōsis) σύγγνωσις (súngnōsis) συνανάγνωσις (sunanágnōsis)
Derived terms[edit] ἀγνοέω (agnoéō) ἀγνώμων (agnṓmōn) ἀγνώς (agnṓs) δουλογνώμων (doulognṓmōn) δυσγνώμων (dusgnṓmōn) δύσγνωστος (dúsgnōstos) μικρογνωμοσῠ́νη (mikrognōmosúnē) μοιρογνωμόνῐον (moirognōmónion) μονογνώμων (monognṓmōn)
Related terms[edit] γνῶμᾰ (gnôma) γνώμη (gnṓmē) γνωμηδόν (gnōmēdón) γνωμῐκός (gnōmikós) γνωμοσῠ́νη (gnōmosúnē) γνώμων (gnṓmōn) γνῶσῐς (gnôsis) γνωστός (gnōstós)
γιγνώσκειν (gignóskein, “to learn”)
γνώμη (“thought, opinion”)
διαγιγνώσκειν (“to discern”)
from διά (“apart”) + γιγνώσκειν (“to learn”).
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γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι)
know (something), be aware, recognize
know (someone); get to know, meet
introduce, make acquaintance.
Derived terms
αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”)
παραγνωρίζω (paragnorízo, “overlook”)
πρωτογνωρίζω (protognorízo, “meet for the first time”)
Related terms αγνώριστος (agnóristos) γνώριμος (gnórimos, “familiar”) γνώρισμα n (gnórisma, “characteristic”) γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) διαγιγνώσκω (diagignósko, “diagnose”) εγνωσμένος (egnosménos, “known”, passive perfect participle) from verb γιγνώσκω (gignósko) and see: γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”)
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αγνώριστος • (agnóristos) m (feminine αγνώριστη, neuter αγνώριστο)
Adjective
unrecognisable (UK), unrecognizable (US)
αναγνωρίσιμος • (anagnorísimos) m (feminine αναγνωρίσιμη, neuter αναγνωρίσιμο)
Adjective
recognisable (UK), recognizable (US)
αναγνωρισμένος • (anagnorisménos) m (feminine αναγνωρισμένη, neuter αναγνωρισμένο)
Participle
identified, recognised (UK), recognized (US)
acknowledged
αναγνωρίζω • (anagnorízo) (past αναγνώρισα, passive αναγνωρίζομαι)
recognise (UK), recognize (US)
Verb
identify
acknowledge, admit
Αναγνωρίζω τα λάθη μου. ― I admit my mistakes.
from ανα- (ana-, “repeated”) + γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “know”).
Derived words & phrases
ἀγνοέω ἀγνώμων ἀγνώς ἄγνωτος ἀλλογνοέω ἀλλογνώμων ἀλλογνώς ἀλλόγνωτος ἀμφιγνοέω ἀμφοτερογνώμων ᾰ̓νᾰγιγνώσκω ᾰ̓πογιγνώσκω ἀργῠρογνώμων ᾰ̓ριγνώς ᾰ̓ρίγνωτος ἀρτίγνωστος αὐτογνώμων αὐτόγνωτος βᾰθῠγνώμων βρᾰχῠγνώμων γνωμοδοτέω γνωμολογέω γνωμοτῠ́πος γνωμοφλῠᾱκέω δῐᾰγιγνώσκω διγνώμων δῐχογνώμων δουλογνώμων δυσγνώμων δύσγνωστος ἐγγιγνώσκω ἐναντῐογνώμων ἐπῐγιγνώσκω ἑτερογνώμων εὐγνώμων εὔγνωστος εὐθῠ́γνωμος ἑχετογνώμονες ἡδυγνώμων θεόγνωστος ῐ̓δῐογνώμων ἱππογνώμων ἰσχῡρογνώμων κᾰκογνώμων κᾰλογνώμων καρδῐογνώστης κᾰτᾰγιγνώσκω καταγνοέω λειπογνώμων λεπτογνώμων λῐθογνώμων μᾰλᾰκογνώμων μεγᾰλογνώμων μετᾰγιγνώσκω μικρογνωμοσῠ́νη μοιρογνωμόνῐον μονογνώμων νοσογνωμονῐκός ὀλῐγογνώμων ὀλισθογνωμονέω ὁμογνώμων ὀρθογνώμων ὀρνῑθογνώμων οὐρᾰνογνώμων πᾰθογνωμονῐκός πᾰρᾰγιγνώσκω πᾱσιγνωστος πολυγνώμων πολύγνωτος προβᾰτογνώμων προγιγνώσκω προσγιγνώσκω Σεβαστόγνωστος σκληρογνώμων συγγιγνώσκω τοιουτογνώμων ὑδρογνώμων ὑψηλογνώμων φῠσιογνώμων ὡρογνωμονέω
Related words & phrases
γνῶμᾰ γνώμη γνωμηδόν γνωμηστός γνωμῐ́δῐον γνωμῐκός γνωμοσῠ́νη γνώμων γνωρίζω γνώρῐμος γνῶσῐς γνωστός γνωτέρα γνωτός
γνώμη
MIND
opinion, mind, judge, notion, counsel
γνώμη, ης, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: gnómé
Phonetic Spelling: (gno’-may)
Definition: purpose, opinion, consent, decision
Usage: opinion, counsel, judgment, intention, decree.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 1106 gnṓmē (a feminine noun, apparently derived from 1097 /ginṓskō, “experientially, personally know”) – a personal opinion or judgment formed in (by) an active relationship, the result of direct (“first-hand”) knowledge. See 1097 (ginōskō).
the faculty of knowing, mind, reason.
- that which is thought or known, one’s mind;
a. view, judgment, opinion: 1 Corinthians 1:10; Revelation 17:13.
b. mind concerning what ought to be done, aa. by oneself, resolve, purpose, intention:
advice, judgment, mind, purpose, will.
From ginosko; cognition, i.e. (subjectively) opinion, or (objectively) resolve (counsel, consent, etc.) – advice, + agree, judgment, mind, purpose, will.
ginóskó: to come to know, recognize, perceive
Original Word: γινώσκω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ginóskó
Phonetic Spelling: (ghin-oce’-ko)
Definition: to come to know, recognize, perceive
Usage: I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn; aor: I ascertained, realized.
mind (n.)
“that which feels, wills, and thinks; the intellect,”
late 12c., mynd,
from Old English gemynd “memory, remembrance; state of being remembered; thought, purpose; conscious mind, intellect, intention,”
Proto-Germanic *ga-mundiz
source also of Gothic muns “thought,” munan “to think;”
Old Norse minni “mind;”
German Minne (archaic) “love,” originally “memory, loving memory”),
from suffixed form of PIE root *men- (1) “to think,” with derivatives referring to qualities of mind or states of thought.
Meaning “mental faculty, the thinking process” is from c. 1300. Sense of “intention, purpose” is from c. 1300.
From late 14c. as “frame of mind. mental disposition,” also “way of thinking, opinion.” “Memory,” one of the oldest senses, now is almost obsolete except in old expressions such as bear in mind (late 14c.), call to mind (early 15c.), keep in mind (late 15c.).
Mind’s eye “mental view or vision, remembrance” is from early 15c. To pay no mind “disregard” is recorded by 1910, American English dialect. To make up (one’s) mind “determine, come to a definite conclusion” is by 1784. To have a mind “be inclined or disposed” (to do something) is by 1540s; to have half a mind to “to have one’s mind half made up to (do something)” is recorded from 1726. Out of (one’s) mind “mad, insane” is from late 14c.; out of mind “forgotten” is from c. 1300; phrase time out of mind “time beyond people’s memory” is attested from early 15c.
γνωριμία
ACQUAINTANCE - CONTACT (as in… contact list)
γνωριμία
acquaintance, contact
γνωρίζει
COGNIZE
From γνῶσις (“known”) + -ίζω (verb).
γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō)
make known (in passive: become known)
learn, discover
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension
An inquiry
A body of knowledge
fame
from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -σις (-sis).
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃tis Proto-Indo-European Root *ǵneh₃- (perfective) to know
γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō) Verb “Process of knowing or coming to know” I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn I know, understand I distinguish, discern (with genitive) I am aware of something (followed by relative clauses) I perceive that... (in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think (passive, of persons) I am judged guilty (perfect passive with active sense) I know carnally, have sex with
-σκω • (-skō)
Primitive suffix used to form present-tense stems.
Very rarely associated with the inchoative meaning of becoming.
From Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti, inchoative or inceptive suffix.
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
*(Ø)-sḱéti
Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots.
durative
Of or pertaining to duration.
Long-lasting.
(linguistics) Of or pertaining to the aspect of a verb that expresses continuing action; continuative. Part of the imperfective aspect, as opposed to the perfective aspect, of verbs.
iterative (not comparable)
Of a procedure that involves repetition of steps (iteration) to achieve the desired outcome; in computing this may involve a mechanism such as a loop.
(grammar) Expressive of an action that is repeated with frequency.
Verb
ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō)
(transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget.
(transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well
(intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance.
From ἀ- (“not”) the root of γιγνώσκω (“know”) + -έω (verb-forming suffix).
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nosco (poetic, archaic) with us (by extension) among us (by extension) towards or against us (by extension) in our time
From Late Latin noscum, from Latin nōbiscum (“with us”).
nōbīscum (not comparable)
with us
From nōbīs “us” the ablative of nōs “we”, + cum “with”.
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SUFFIX
ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms
-ίζω • (-ízo)
a suffix found with verbs
formed from adjectives:
έρρινος (érrinos, “nasal”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → ερρινίζω (errinízo, “to nasalise”)
κίτρινος (kítrinos, “yellow”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → κιτρινίζω (kitrinízo, “to turn yellow”)
formed from nouns giving an action or effect:
βούρτσα (voúrtsa, “brush”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → βουρτσίζω (vourtsízo, “to sweep, to brush”)
άθεος (átheos, “atheist”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → αθεΐζω (atheḯzo, “to become an atheist”)
used to alter an existing verb:
φέγγω (féngo, “glimmer”) + -ίζω (-ízo) → φεγγίζω (fengízo, “to become translucent”)
-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
ᾰ̓γνώς • (agnṓs) m or f (neuter —); third declension
in passive constructions:
(chiefly of persons) unknown
(of things) obscure, unintelligible
obscure, ignoble
(in active constructions) ignorant
(active or passive) construed with the genitive
From ἀ- (“not”) + the root of γιγνώσκω (“I know”).
ἄγνωτος • (ágnōtos) m or f (neuter ἄγνωτον); second declension unknown, unheard of, forgotten unknowable unintelligible not knowing, ignorant
ignōtus (feminine ignōta, neuter ignōtum, comparative ignōtior, superlative ignōtissimus); first/second-declension adjective
unknown, foreign, alien
strange, odd, weird
unacquainted with; ignorant of
From in- + (g)nōtus.
in-
un-, non-, not
nōtus
Perfect passive participle of nōscō (“know”).
nōtus (feminine nōta, neuter nōtum, comparative nōtior, superlative nōtissimus); first/second-declension participle
known, recognized, acquainted with, having been recognized
known, experienced, having been experienced
known, learned, understood, having been known
familiar, customary, well-known
widely known, famous, well-known; notorious
ignōtus (feminine ignōta, neuter ignōtum, comparative ignōtior, superlative ignōtissimus); first/second-declension adjective
unknown, foreign, alien
strange, odd, weird
unacquainted with; ignorant of
nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation
to become acquainted with something, learn about it
Synonyms: intellegō, prehendō
(in perfect tenses and past participle) I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge.
Synonym: sciō
(rare) to recognize someone, be familiar with
Synonyms: recognōscō, cognōscō, agnōscō
(euphemistic) to have had sex with, have ever slept with
Synonym: cognōscō
to accept a reason or excuse
Synonyms: accipiō, cōnservō
(Late Latin, Christian Latin) to acknowledge God, submit to
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti. Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω Proto-Indo-European Etymology From *ǵneh₃- + *-sḱéti. Verb *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti (imperfective to recognise
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*ǵneh₃- (perfective)
to know
*(Ø)-sḱéti
Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots.
Proto-Italic Etymology From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti. Verb *gnōskō know, get to know ———————————————— RECOGNIZE
recognize (third-person singular simple present recognizes, present participle recognizing, simple past and past participle recognized) (North American and Oxford British spelling)
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.
(transitive) To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration.
(transitive, or with clause) To acknowledge or consider (as being a certain thing or having a certain quality or property).
(transitive) To realize or discover the nature of something; apprehend quality in.
(obsolete) To review; to examine again.
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ACKNOWLEDGE
acknowledge (third-person singular simple present acknowledges, present participle acknowledging, simple past and past participle acknowledged)
(transitive) To admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one’s belief in
To own or recognize in a particular quality, character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.
To be grateful of (e.g. a benefit or a favour)
To report (the receipt of a message to its sender).
To own as genuine or valid; to assent to (a legal instrument) to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form.
assent (third-person singular simple present assents, present participle assenting, simple past and past participle assented)
(intransitive) To agree; to give approval.
(intransitive) To admit a thing as true.
Noun
assent (countable and uncountable, plural assents)
agreement; act of agreeing
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ASSENT
assent (v.)
c. 1300, “agree to, approve;” late 14c. “admit as true,” from Old French assentir “agree; get used to” (12c.), from Latin assentare/adsentare, frequentative of assentire “agree with, approve,” from ad “to” (see ad-) + sentire “to feel, think” (see sense (n.)). Related: Assented; assenting.
assent (n.)
early 14c., “consent, approval,” from Old French assent, a back-formation from assentir “to agree” (see assent (v.)). “Assent is primarily an act of the understanding; consent is distinctly the act of the will: as, I assent to that proposition; I consent to his going”
assent
third-person plural present active subjunctive of assō
From Latin: assō (present infinitive assāre, perfect active assāvī, supine assātum); first conjugation
(transitive) I roast, broil.
From assus (“roasted”) + -ō.
assus (feminine assa, neuter assum); first/second-declension adjective
roasted, baked
dried
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs- Root *h₂eHs- to be/become dry to burn, to glow hearth ashes
sense (n.)
c. 1400, “faculty of perception,” also “meaning, import, interpretation” (especially of Holy Scripture), from Old French sens “one of the five senses; meaning; wit, understanding” (12c.) and directly from Latin sensus “perception, feeling, undertaking, meaning,” from sentire “perceive, feel, know,” probably a figurative use of a literally meaning “to find one’s way,” or “to go mentally,” from PIE root *sent- “to go” (source also of Old High German sinnan “to go, travel, strive after, have in mind, perceive,” German Sinn “sense, mind,” Old English sið “way, journey,” Old Irish set, Welsh hynt “way”). Application to any one of the external or outward senses (touch, sight, hearing, etc.) in English first recorded 1520s.
γινώσκω
γιγνώσκω
γινώσκειν
COMING TO KNOW
Original Word: γινώσκω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ginóskó
Phonetic Spelling: (ghin-oce’-ko)
Definition: to come to know, recognize, perceive
Usage: I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn;
aorist: I ascertained, realized.
1097 ginṓskō – properly, to know, especially through personal experience (first-hand acquaintance).
1097 /ginṓskō (“experientially know”) is used for example in Lk 1:34, “And Mary [a virgin] said to the angel, ‘How will this be since I do not know (1097 /ginṓskō = sexual intimacy) a man?’”
to learn to know, come to know, get a knowledge of;
passive to become known:
In particular γινώσκω, to become acquainted with, to know, is employed in the N. T. of the knowledge of God and Christ, and of the things relating to them or proceeding from them.
To know and be familiar and acquainted with the nature and will of God, in contrast with the false wisdom of both Jews and Gentiles, 1 Corinthians 1:21; τόν πατέρα, the nature of God the Father, especially the holy will and affection by which he aims to sanctify and redeem men through Christ
absolutely, of the knowledge of divine things, 1 Corinthians 13:12; of the knowledge of things lawful for a Christian.
________________________________
γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō)
Verb
I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn.
I know, understand
I distinguish, discern.
(with genitive) I am aware of something.
(followed by relative clauses) I perceive that…
(in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think.
(passive, of persons) I am judged guilty.
(perfect passive with active sense)
I know carnally, have sex with.
________________________________
γινώσκειν, distinguished from the rest by its original inchoative force, denotes a discriminating apprehension of external impressions, a knowledge grounded in personal experience.
εἰδέναι,
literally, ‘to have seen with the mind’s eye,’
signifies a clear and purely mental perception, in contrast both to conjecture and to knowledge derived from others.
knowledge viewed as the result of prolonged practice, in opposition to the process of learning on the one hand, and to the uncertain knowledge of a dilettante on the other.
συνιέναι implies native insight, the soul’s capacity of itself not only to lay hold of the phenomena of the outer world through the senses, but by combination (σύν and ἰέναι) to arrive at their underlying laws.
Hence, συνιέναι may mark an antithesis to sense-perception;
whereas γινώσκειν marks an advance upon it.
As applied e. g. to a work of literature, γινώσκειν expresses an acquaintance with it.
__________________________________________
*(Ø)-sḱéti
Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots.
but with the inchoative suffix -σκω
Inchoative suffix -σκω
Ongoing verb. Incomplete verb. Iterative verb. Durative verb. Repetitive verb. Habitual verb. Perpetual verb. Cyclic verb.
__________________________________________
CONTRAST WITH…
ἐπίστασθαί the knowledge of its contents.
συνιέναι the understanding of it, a comprehension of its meaning.
γινώσκειν and εἰδέναι most readily come into contrast with each other.
If εἰδέναι and ἐπίστασθαί are contrasted, the former refers more to natural, the latter to acquired knowledge.
γινώσκω and οἶδα are nearly interchangeable.
__________________________________________
ascertaining (1), aware (7), certainty (1), come to know (1), comprehend (1), felt (1), find (3), found (2), kept…a virgin* (1), knew (13), know (104), know how (1), knowing (3), known (25), knows (14), learn (1), learned (1), perceived (1), perceiving (2), put (1), realize (3), recognize (7), recognized (1), recognizing (1), sure (4), take notice (1), unaware* (2), understand (11), understood (6), virgin* (1).
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DERIVED TERMS
ἀγνοέω (agnoéō) ignorance
ἀγνώμων (agnṓmōn) ingrate, thankless, ungrateful
ἀγνώς (agnṓs) [adj.] purely, ignorant, (of things) obscure, unknown
ἄγνωτος (ágnōtos) [adj.] unknown, unheard of, forgotten, unknowable, unintelligible, not knowing, ignorant
ἀλλογνοέω (allognoéō) taking “one known thing” for the other.
ἀλλογνώμων (allognṓmōn) holding strange “other” opinions
ἀλλογνώς (allognṓs) unknown, strange, “knowing others”
ἀλλόγνωτος (allógnōtos) foreign, known to others
ἀμφιγνοέω (amphignoéō) I’m torn on one issue, doubt, confused
ἀμφοτερογνώμων (amphoterognṓmōn) all together known, know it all
From ἀμφι (all around) + τερος (contrast, comparative)
ᾰ̓νᾰγιγνώσκω (anagignṓskō) (transitive) [re-] to know again, recognize or (transitive) to know well, know certainly
From ᾰ̓νᾰ- (“re-“ — “up”) + γῐγνώσκω (“to recognize”).
ᾰ̓πογιγνώσκω (apogignṓskō) depart from a judgment, give up a design or intention of doing
ἀργῠρογνώμων (argurognṓmōn) assayer of silver
ᾰ̓ριγνώς (arignṓs)
ᾰ̓ρίγνωτος (arígnōtos) easy to know
ἀρτίγνωστος (artígnōstos) recently known, just known, just learned
αὐτογνώμων (autognṓmōn)
αὐτόγνωτος (autógnōtos)
βᾰθῠγνώμων (bathugnṓmōn)
βρᾰχῠγνώμων (brakhugnṓmōn)
γνωμοδοτέω (gnōmodotéō)
γνωμολογέω (gnōmologéō)
γνωμοτῠ́πος (gnōmotúpos)
γνωμοφλῠᾱκέω (gnōmophluākéō)
δῐᾰγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō) διγνώμων (dignṓmōn) δῐχογνώμων (dikhognṓmōn) δουλογνώμων (doulognṓmōn) δυσγνώμων (dusgnṓmōn) δύσγνωστος (dúsgnōstos)
ἐγγιγνώσκω (engignṓskō) ἐναντῐογνώμων (enantiognṓmōn) ἐπῐγιγνώσκω (epigignṓskō) ἑτερογνώμων (heterognṓmōn) εὐγνώμων (eugnṓmōn) εὔγνωστος (eúgnōstos) εὐθῠ́γνωμος (euthúgnōmos) ἑχετογνώμονες (hekhetognṓmones)
ἡδυγνώμων (hēdugnṓmōn)
θεόγνωστος (theógnōstos)
ῐ̓δῐογνώμων (idiognṓmōn)
ἱππογνώμων (hippognṓmōn)
ἰσχῡρογνώμων (iskhūrognṓmōn)
κᾰκογνώμων (kakognṓmōn) κᾰλογνώμων (kalognṓmōn) καρδῐογνώστης (kardiognṓstēs) κᾰτᾰγιγνώσκω (katagignṓskō) καταγνοέω (katagnoéō)
λειπογνώμων (leipognṓmōn)
λεπτογνώμων (leptognṓmōn)
λῐθογνώμων (lithognṓmōn)
μᾰλᾰκογνώμων (malakognṓmōn) μεγᾰλογνώμων (megalognṓmōn) μετᾰγιγνώσκω (metagignṓskō) μικρογνωμοσῠ́νη (mikrognōmosúnē) μοιρογνωμόνῐον (moirognōmónion) μονογνώμων (monognṓmōn)
νοσογνωμονῐκός (nosognōmonikós)
ὀλῐγογνώμων (oligognṓmōn) ὀλισθογνωμονέω (olisthognōmonéō) ὁμογνώμων (homognṓmōn) ὀρθογνώμων (orthognṓmōn) ὀρνῑθογνώμων (ornīthognṓmōn) οὐρᾰνογνώμων (ouranognṓmōn)
πᾰθογνωμονῐκός (pathognōmonikós) πᾰρᾰγιγνώσκω (paragignṓskō) πᾱσιγνωστος (pāsignōstos) πολυγνώμων (polugnṓmōn) πολύγνωτος (polúgnōtos) προβᾰτογνώμων (probatognṓmōn) προγιγνώσκω (progignṓskō) προσγιγνώσκω (prosgignṓskō)
Σεβαστόγνωστος (Sebastógnōstos)
σκληρογνώμων (sklērognṓmōn)
συγγιγνώσκω (sungignṓskō)
τοιουτογνώμων (toioutognṓmōn)
ὑδρογνώμων (hudrognṓmōn)
ὑψηλογνώμων (hupsēlognṓmōn)
φῠσιογνώμων (phusiognṓmōn)
ὡρογνωμονέω (hōrognōmonéō)
RELATED TERMS
γνώμη (gnṓmē) γνωμηδόν (gnōmēdón) γνωμηστός (gnōmēstós) γνωμῐ́δῐον (gnōmídion) γνωμῐκός (gnōmikós) γνωμοσῠ́νη (gnōmosúnē) γνώμων (gnṓmōn) γνωρίζω (gnōrízō) γνώρῐμος (gnṓrimos) γνωστός (gnōstós) γνωτέρα (gnōtéra) γνωτός (gnōtós) γνῶμᾰ (gnôma) γνῶσῐς (gnôsis)
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From γόνω (offspring) + γνῶσῐς (knowledge)
γόνω γόνω: translation offspring that which is begotten masc / fem nom / voc / acc dual offspring that which is begotten masc / fem gen sg (doric aeolic)
γόνος offspring child, descendant The offspring of a well - known family was seen as the protagonist of the theater sperm, seed the pollen of flowers fish eggs or pups brood fishing is prohibited
γόνῳ - γόνος that which is begotten masc / fem dat sg…
Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικοί δείκτης )
γόνωι - γόνῳ, γόνος that which is begotten masc / fem dat sg… Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικές δείκτης )
ζωγονώ - ζωγονώ, έω (Α) πάπ. (for trees) I am thirsty, I am in prosperity.
ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.
εἴδο
LEARN BY SEEING
LOOK and SEE
TO BE SEEN - TO APPEAR TO BE - TO LOOK LIKE
εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like
Greek: είδα (eída) (perfective forms of βλέπω (vlépo))
Cognate with Latin videō Sanskrit वेत्ति (vetti), Old Armenian գիտեմ (gitem) Old Church Slavonic вѣдѣти (věděti) Old English witan (English wit).
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εἶδον • (eîdon) to see, behold, perceive (strengthened) to look at, observe to see a person, to meet, speak with them to see, experience, become acquainted with to look at or towards to see mentally, to perceive to examine, investigate
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είδα • (eída)
1st person singular simple past form of βλέπω (vlépo): “I saw”
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εἴδαμεν — 1 Occ. εἶδαν — 5 Occ. εἶδεν — 42 Occ. εἶδές — 8 Occ. εἴδετε — 5 Occ. εἴδομεν — 9 Occ. εἶδον — 76 Occ. ἑώρακα — 3 Occ. ἑωράκαμεν — 5 Occ. ἑώρακαν — 1 Occ. ἑώρακας — 4 Occ. ἑωράκασιν — 1 Occ. ἑωράκατε — 3 Occ. ἑωράκει — 1 Occ. ἑώρακεν — 10 Occ. ἑωρακέναι — 1 Occ. ἑωρακὼς — 2 Occ. ἑωρακότες — 1 Occ. ἑόρακα — 1 Occ. ἑόρακαν — 1 Occ. ἑόρακεν — 1 Occ. ἴδε — 34 Occ. ἴδῃ — 5 Occ. ἴδῃς — 1 Occ. ἴδητε — 12 Occ. ἰδεῖν — 39 Occ. ἴδετε — 9 Occ. ἴδω — 3 Occ. ἴδωμεν — 5 Occ. ἰδὼν — 61 Occ. ἴδωσιν — 9 Occ. ἰδόντες — 41 Occ. ἰδοὺ — 200 Occ. ἰδοῦσα — 6 Occ. ὤφθη — 18 Occ. ὤφθην — 1 Occ. ὤφθησαν — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσεται — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσομαί — 1 Occ. ὀφθείς — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντες — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντος — 1 Occ. ὄψῃ — 3 Occ. ὄψησθε — 1 Occ. ὄψεσθε — 13 Occ. ὄψεται — 4 Occ. ὄψομαι — 2 Occ. ὀψόμεθα — 1 Occ. ὄψονται — 9 Occ. Ὅρα — 6 Occ. Ὁρᾶτε — 8 Occ. ὁρῶ — 2 Occ. ὁρῶμεν — 1 Occ. ὁρῶν — 1 Occ. ὁρῶντες — 1 Occ. ὁρῶσαι — 1 Occ. Additional Entries ἑωρακέναι — 1 Occ. ἑωρακὼς — 2 Occ. ἑωρακότες — 1 Occ. ἑόρακα — 1 Occ. ἑόρακαν — 1 Occ. ἑόρακεν — 1 Occ. ἴδε — 34 Occ. ἴδῃ — 5 Occ. ἴδῃς — 1 Occ. ἴδητε — 12 Occ. ἴδετε — 9 Occ. ἴδω — 3 Occ. ἴδωμεν — 5 Occ. ἰδὼν — 61 Occ. ἴδωσιν — 9 Occ. ἰδόντες — 41 Occ. ἰδοὺ — 200 Occ. ἰδοῦσα — 6 Occ. ὤφθη — 18 Occ. ὤφθην — 1 Occ.
οἶδᾰ
TO KNOW HOW - TO KNOW THAT
οἶδᾰ • (oîda)
(transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something]
(with neuter accusative plural of an adjective):
have a quality in one’s heart
(transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something]
(intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something]
(transitive) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something]
(intransitive) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something]
to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs)
(negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don’t know if or whether, I doubt that
(parenthetic)
(a superlative is often followed by the phrase “ὧν ἴσμεν”)
εἶδος
εἰκών
ίνδαλμα
THAT WHICH IS SEEN - FORM - SHAPE - SPECIES
εἶδος (plural eidoi)
(philosophy) Form; essence; type; species.
From Ancient Greek εἶδος (“species”)
- Essence (esse)
- Type (typos)
- Species (spec)
- Being
- Existence
- Appear
- Dwell
- Stay the night
- House
- Survive
- Stop
- Stay
- Stand
εἶδος (philosophy)
A Greek term meaning “form” “essence”, “type” or “species”.
See Plato’s theory of forms and Aristotle’s theory of universals
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UNIVERSALS vs PARTICULARS
(unique — collective)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle%27s_theory_of_universals
Universals are the characteristics or qualities that ordinary objects or things have in common. They can be identified in the types, properties, or relations observed in the world.
In metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities. In other words, universals are repeatable or recurrent entities that can be instantiated or exemplified by many particular things.
Universals are abstract (e.g. humanity), whereas particulars are concrete (e.g. the personhood of Socrates).
In metaphysics, particulars or individuals are usually contrasted with universals. Universals concern features that can be exemplified by various different particulars. Particulars are often seen as concrete, spatiotemporal entities as opposed to abstract entities, such as properties or numbers. There are, however, theories of abstract particulars or tropes. For example, Socrates is a particular (there’s only one Socrates-the-teacher-of-Plato and one cannot make copies of him, e.g., by cloning him, without introducing new, distinct particulars). Redness, by contrast, is not a particular, because it is abstract and multiply instantiated (for example a bicycle, an apple, and a given woman’s hair can all be red). In nominalist view everything is particular. Universals in each moment of time from point of view of an observer is the collection of particulars that participates it.( even a void collection ).
Abstract particulars are metaphysical entities which are both abstract objects and particulars.
Abstract
Abstract particulars are metaphysical entities which are both abstract objects and particulars. There is no general consensus as to what the characteristic marks of concreteness and abstractness are.
Abstract Object Theory
There are two modes of predication: some objects (the ordinary concrete ones around us, like tables and chairs) exemplify properties, while others (abstract objects like numbers, and what others would call “non-existent objects”, like the round square, and the mountain made entirely of gold) merely encode them.[8] While the objects that exemplify properties are discovered through traditional empirical means, a simple set of axioms allows us to know about objects that encode properties.[9] For every set of properties, there is exactly one object that encodes exactly that set of properties and no others.[10] This allows for a formalized ontology.
Predicate
In mathematical logic, a predicate is the formalization of the mathematical concept of statement. A statement is commonly understood as an assertion that may be true or false, depending on the values of the variables that occur in it.
A predicate consists of atomic formulas connected with logical connectives. An atomic formula is a well-formed formula of some mathematical theory.
The main logical connectives are:
1. negation (not or ¬)
2. logical conjunction (and or ∧)
3. logical disjunction (or or ∨)
4. existential quantification (∃)
5. universal quantification (∀)
the predicates always true (denoted true or ⊤) and always false (denoted false or ⊥) are commonly considered also as logical connectives.
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_(mathematical_logic)
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_conjunction
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_domain
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(mathematics)
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(set_theory)
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_set
https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_set
Concrete Adjective concrētus (feminine concrēta, neuter concrētum); first/second-declension participle condensed, thick hardened, solidified; congealed, clotted Perfect passive participle of concernō.
Verb
concernō (present infinitive concernere, perfect active concrēvī, supine concrētum); third conjugation
I mix, sift or mingle together (especially as in a sieve).
From con- (“with, together”) + cernō (“separate, divide, sieve, sift”)
Verb cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide
from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“sieve”).
Root
*krey-
to sift, separate, divide
Cognates Greek: κρῑ́νω
Verb
κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō)
(transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people
(transitive) To order, arrange
To inquire, investigate
To select, choose, prefer
(transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision
(middle, passive) To have a contest decided
(middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel
To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something]
To discern between good and bad
To judge, pronounce
To bring to court, accuse
To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize
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ESSENCE
Latin: esse Verb esse (copulative) to be (intransitive) to be (to exist) (intransitive) to be (to occupy a place)
Proto-Indo-European Etymology Athematic root present of the root *h₁es- Verb *h₁ésti (imperfective) to be
Proto-Indo-European English Wikipedia has an article on: Indo-European copula Root *h₁es- (imperfective) to be
English: exist
Verb
exist (third-person singular simple present exists, present participle existing, simple past and past participle existed)
(intransitive, stative) to be; have existence; have being or reality
from Latin existō (“to stand forth, come forth, arise, be”)
from ex (“out”) + sistere (“to set, place”)
caus. of stare (“to stand”)
Latin: sistere — sisto
Verb
sistō (present infinitive sistere, perfect active stitī, supine statum); third conjugation
(transitive) I cause to stand; I set; I place.
(transitive) I stop, I halt
(intransitive) I place myself; I stand
(transitive, law) I cause to appear in court.
(intransitive, law) I appear in court.
(intransitive) I stop, I stand still; I halt; I stand firm.
Siste! ― Stop!
from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti
from the root *steh₂- (“stand”).
Related to stō (“stand, be stood”)
Root
*steh₂- (perfective)
to stand (up)
Derived terms: tabula
Noun
tabula f (genitive tabulae); first declension
tablet, sometimes a tablet covered with wax for writing
board or plank
(by extension) map, painting, document or other item put onto a tablet
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *th₂-dʰlom, from *teh₂- (“to stand”) (a variety of *steh₂- without s-mobile, whence also Latin stō, stāre (“to stand”)) + *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”) whence Latin -bula.
Etymology 2 Root *teh₂- Alternative form of *steh₂- Root *steh₂- (perfective) to stand (up)
from Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place, be valid, stand good, be, exist, take place, consist, be fixed, remain undisturbed, stand still, cease to move, remain without motion, stop, maintain one’s position, not yield to pressure, reside, abide, continue, remain, not to fall, be upheld”)
from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”)
Noun stabulum n (genitive stabulī); second declension dwelling, habitation stall, stable hut tavern, public house, hostelry brothel
Suffix -bulum n (genitive -bulī); second declension Noun suffix denoting instrument. Noun suffix denoting vessel or place. Noun suffix denoting person. (rare)
From Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”).
Latin: ex-
Preposition
ex (+ ablative)
out of, from
What comes out?
Out from what?
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex) or ἐκ (ek)
Old Irish ess-, a, ass, Lithuanian ìš and Old Church Slavonic из (iz).
Latin: stāre, stō Verb stāre present active infinitive of stō stare (intransitive) to stay, remain To be To live To remain To abide To stick around
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).
From Middle English been (“to be”).
from Old English bēon (“to be, become”)
from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being appear”)
from the root *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*bʰuH- (perfective)
to become, grow, appear
from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon
From Old English: bēon Verb bēon to be; exist to become
From Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be”), related to būan (“to dwell”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bʰuH-. The past tense forms are from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (from which also wesan), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-.
Proto-Indo-European Root *h₂wes- to dwell, live, reside to stay, spend the night
Hittite: 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuišzi, “to live”)
Ancient Greek: ἰαύω (iaúō) Verb ἰαύω • (iaúō) (poetic) to sleep, pass the night (with genitive) to stop, make to cease
From a reduplicated present *h₂í-h₂ews-ye- of Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“pass the night”). Cognates include Old Armenian ագանիմ (aganim), Hittite 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuiš-zi, “to live, survive”), and Sanskrit वसति (vásati, “to dwell, remain, stay; to stop”). Related to αὐλή (aulḗ).
Noun
αὐλή • (aulḗ) f (genitive αὐλῆς); first declension
open court, courtyard
quadrangle
hall, chamber
dwelling, house
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“pass the night”)
Hittite 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuiš-zi, “to live, survive”)
Sanskrit वसति (vásati, “to dwell, remain, stay; to stop”).
From English: stop
(intransitive) To not continue.
(intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.
(transitive) To cease; to no longer continue (doing something).
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
From Middle English stoppen, stoppien
from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”)
from Proto-West Germanic *stuppōn
from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”)
*stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”)
from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”)
from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”).
English: continue
(transitive) To proceed with (doing an activity); to prolong (an activity).
(transitive) To make last; to prolong.
(transitive) To retain (someone or something) in a given state, position, etc.
(intransitive, copulative sense obsolete) To remain in a given place or condition; to remain in connection with; to abide; to stay.
from Latin continuāre.
From Old English þurhwunian.
Verb
þurhwunian
to continue
Prefix
þurh-
through, over (with verbs of motion; compare Latin trans-)
thoroughly, completely; continually (with nouns, adjectives, adverbs; compare Latin per-)
Old English þurh, þuruh (“through”). More at þurh
Old English: þurh
Preposition
þurh (+ accusative)
through
Þā cempan cōmon hēr þurh and ofslōgon ealle.
The soldiers came through here and killed everyone.
Þurh reġn and snāw and þā þīestran dene, iċ þē wille beran, þæt iċ līfes āscunga ne āsciġe.
Through rain and snow and the dark valley, I want to carry you, without asking the questions of life.
by means of: by, through, via
Candel ne forlīest nāwiht þurh þæt þe hēo ōðre candle æleþ.
A candle loses nothing by lighting another candle.
from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*terh₂-
to cross over, pass through, overcome
Cognates Latin: trans- Latin: trāns Preposition trāns (+ accusative) across, beyond
English: beyond Preposition beyond Further away than. She had no reason for the conviction beyond the very inadequate one that she had seen him around London. On the far side of. No swimming beyond this point. Later than; after. Greater than; so as to exceed or surpass. Your staff went beyond my expectations in refunding my parking ticket. In addition to. Past, or out of reach of. You won't last beyond my first punch. The patient was beyond medical help. Not within the comprehension of. He understood geometry well, but algebraic topology was beyond him.
From Old English beġeondan
from be- + ġeond; related to yonder.
Old English: be
Prefix
be-
(“around, throughout”)
a productive prefix usually used to form verbs and adjectives, especially:
verbs with the sense “around, throughout”;
transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns
Old English: ġeond Preposition ġeond through, throughout over up to, as far as during
Old English: ġeon
Adjective
ġeon
yon
Middle English: yon
Adjective
yon (not comparable)
(dated or dialectal) That (thing) over there; of something distant, but within sight.
Adverb
yonder (not comparable)
(archaic or dialect) At or in a distant but indicated place.
Whose doublewide is that over yonder?
(archaic or dialect) Synonym of thither: to a distant but indicated place.
From Middle English yonder, yondre, ȝondre, ȝendre
from Old English ġeonre (“thither; yonder”, adverb)
equivalent to yond (from ġeond)
from Proto-Germanic *jainaz) + -er, as in hither, thither.
Cognate with Scots ȝondir (“yonder”)
Dutch ginder (“over there; yonder”)
Old English: ġeonre
Adverb
ġeonre
to that place (over there); thither; yonder.
From ġeon + -re
equivalent to ġeon (over there) + -re (agent noun)
Suffix
-re
(Late West Saxon) masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns
fugol (“fowl, bird”) + -re → fuglre (“fowler”)
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REAL — FICTION
real (adj.)
early 14c., “actually existing, true;”
mid-15c., “relating to things” (especially property)
from Old French reel “real, actual,”
from Late Latin realis “actual,”
Medieval Latin “belonging to the thing itself,”
from Latin res “property, goods, matter, thing, affair,”
PIE *Hreh-i- “wealth, goods,”
Sanskrit rayim, rayah “property, goods,”
Avestan raii-i- “wealth.”
Latin: res
Translation
Object, thing; matter, property
Main Forms: Res, Rei
Latin word meaning “thing”
Legal entity, a body holding rights and obligations
In law, a legal person is any person or ‘thing’ (less ambiguously, any legal entity) that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on.
The reason for the term “legal person” is that some legal persons are not people: companies and corporations are “persons” legally speaking (they can legally do most of the things an ordinary person can do), but they are clearly not people in the ordinary sense.
There are therefore two kinds of legal entities: human and non-human. In law, a human person is called a natural person (sometimes also a physical person), and a non-human person is called a juridical person (sometimes also a juridic, juristic, artificial, legal, or fictitious person, Latin: persona ficta).
Latin: persona ficta
Juridical persons. … A juridical or artificial person (Latin: persona ficta; also juristic person) has a legal name and has certain rights, protections, privileges, responsibilities, and liabilities in law, similar to those of a natural person. The concept of a juridical person is a fundamental legal fiction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_person
Latin: fictūs
Participle
fictus (feminine ficta, neuter fictum); first/second-declension participle
feigned, fictitious, false, counterfeit, having been feigned.
Perfect passive participle of fingō (“dissemble, deceive”).
Verb
fingō (present infinitive fingere, perfect active fīnxī, supine fictum); third conjugation
I shape, fashion, form, knead (dough)
I adorn, dress, arrange
I dissemble; I alter the truth in order to deceive; feign; pretend
I train, teach, instruct
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos)
Sanskrit देग्धि (degdhi)
English dough.
From Greek: τεῖχος
Noun
τεῖχος • (teîkhos) n (genitive τείχεος or τείχους); third declension
mound, earth works
wall (especially one enclosing a town or city)
fortified city
fortification, castle
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- Root *dʰeyǵʰ- to knead to form, to shape
Sanskrit: देग्धि (dégdhi)
Verb
देग्धि • (degdhi) (root दिह्, class 2, type P)
(transitive) to anoint, smear, plaster, besmear
to increase, accumulate
from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéyǵʰ-ti
from *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos)
Latin fingō
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APPEAR
from Latin appāreō (“I appear”) from ad (“to”) + pāreō (“I come forth, I become visible”).
Verb
pāreō (present infinitive pārēre, perfect active pāruī, supine pāritum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive
I appear, am visible, am apparent
(with dative) I obey, submit to, am obedient to
from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-s- (“watch, see”)
s-present of *peh₂- (“protect”).
Proto-Indo-European Root *peh₂- to protect to shepherd
Greek ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)
Proto-Indo-European Etymology Related to s-stem masculine formations: *-mḗn (< **-mens) (e.g. Ancient Greek ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd”)). *-mō (< **-mons) From Latin sermō From Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn) From Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman) See also *-h₃onh₂-. Suffix *(é)-mn̥ n Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
From Latin: -mentum
Suffix
-mentum (plural -menta)
instrument, medium, or result of; e.g. monumentum
Latin: armenta (“herd, flock”)
Latin -menta from Proto-Indo-European -mn̥teh₂ (-mn̥ + *-teh₂).[1]
Proto-Indo-European / -teh₂
Suffix
*-teh₂ f
Used to form nouns representing state of being
Greek: ποιμήν
ποιμήν • (poimḗn) m (genitive ποιμένος); third declension
shepherd, herdsman
Synonyms: μηλᾰ́της (mēlátēs), μηλοφῠ́λᾰξ (mēlophúlax)
shepherd of the people: pastor, teacher, epithet of Agamemnon
ablaut of Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- (“to protect”) and common suffix *-mḗn. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me)
Latin pascō (“put to graze”)
pāstor (“shepherd”)
Sanskrit पाति (pā́ti)
Old English fōda and fēdan (English food and feed).
Noun
pāstor m (genitive pāstōris, feminine pāstrīx); third declension
A person who tends sheep; shepherd.
A Christian who takes care of the spiritual needs of other Christians
From pāscō (“to feed, maintain, pasture, graze”)
from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”).
είναι • (eínai) n (indeclinable)
(philosophy) being, that which exists
——————————————————————
(εἶδος) emphasizes “what is physically seen” before mentally or spiritually apprehended.
εἶδος (“visible appearance”) refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God:
a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: “And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove”;
b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: “And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming”; and
c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: “You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”
εἶδος: properly, that which strikes the eye, which is exposed to view.
εἶδος: the external oppearance, form, figure, shape.
From εἰδῶ; a view, i.e. Form (literally or figuratively) – appearance, fashion, shape, sight.
εἰδῶ: two definitions, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.
εἰδῶ: to perceive (with the eyes)
ἴδε: is equivalent to… (by seeing learn)
εἰδῶ: universally, to perceive, notice, discern, discover.
εἰδῶ: to see, i. e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything.
εἰδῶ: to pay attention, observe.
εἰδῶ: to know, i. e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive.
εἰδῶ: (“seeing that becomes knowing”) then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane.
εἰδῶ: then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).
Hebraistically, εἰδέναι τινα to have regard for one, cherish, pay attention to
εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods
εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension phantom, ghost shape, figure, image image of the mind: idea, fancy representation, statue, idol
Greek: εἴδωλον ‘image, idol, double, apparition, phantom, ghost’) is a manifestation of the spirit of both a living or dead person. In contrast, a dead person’s form in the underworld is called a skia.
———————————————-
DARKNESS - NOT SEE — (Not see the light)
σκῐᾱ́, meaning shade or shadow in English, is the form of a dead person in the house of the unseen. The dead thus live in darkness and/or as shadows of their former selves.
σκῐᾱ́ • (skiā́) f (genitive σκῐᾶς); first declension shadow shade (shelter from the sun) shade (spirit of someone dead) σκιά • (skiá) f (plural σκιές) shadow (usual and figurative English uses) dark area cast by light source θέατρο σκιών (shadow theatre) black area
Ο ύποπτος χάθηκε μέσα στις σκιές της νύχτας.
The suspect disappeared into the shadows of the night.
follower, person following another, tail
shadow effects (in typography, etc)
σκιά ματιών (eye shadow)
faded, weakened person
σκιά του παλιού του εαυτού (shadow of his former self)
ίσκιος • (ískios) m (plural ίσκιοι)
shadow
ανίσκιωτος (anískiotos, “shadowless, shadeless”, adjective)
ἄσκῐος • (áskios) m or f (neuter ἄσκῐον); second declension
(of colour) shady, dull
From ἀ- (a-, intensifier) + σκιᾱ́ (skiā́, “shadow”).
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂ *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂ f shadow, shade *(s)ḱeh₃- darkness, shadow From Ancient Greek: σκότος (skótos, “darkness”)
σκότος • (skótos) n (genitive σκότους); third declension darkness, gloom the darkness of death the darkness of the netherworld the darkness of the womb blindness (figuratively) obscurity (of a person) the mystery, ignorance, deceit the dark part or shadow in a picture
σκοτεινός • (skoteinós) m (feminine σκοτεινή, neuter σκοτεινόν); first/second declension
dark, obscure, dim
Synonym: ὀρφνός (orphnós)
ὀρφνός • (orphnós) m (feminine ὀρφνή, neuter ὀρφνόν); first/second declension
dark, dusky
From ὄρφνη (“darkness”) + -ός (Adj.)
ὄρφνη • (órphnē) f (genitive ὄρφνης); first declension
darkness of night, night
darkness of the nether world
netherworld
(by extension) A hidden, shadowy, or sinister subculture, such as that of organized crime.
The place to which one’s spirit descends upon death, conceived as below the surface of the earth.
In some religions, one’s soul departs to a netherworld, hell, instead of the heavens.
From nether- (“beneath, lower”) + world.
from Old English niþer- (prefix)
from niþer (“below, beneath, down, downwards, lower, in an inferior position”).
niþer
(“down, downstairs”)
This word is used to describe where something is going: wit gāþ þæder niðer (“we’re going down there”). To describe where something is located, the word niþre is used instead: wit sind hēr niðre (“we’re down here”).
ᾍδης: Hades
(Greek mythology) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.
(Greek mythology) The underworld, the domain of Hades, by transference from its god.
In the Septuagint Bible, the Greek translation of Sheol.
Hell.
(specifically, chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) Hell as a waiting place for damned souls before the Last Judgement, after which they may be cast in Gehenna.
From Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs).
Possibly Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + *weyd- (“see”)
meaning “that which is unseen”, equivalent to ἀ- (not-) + εἶδον (see).
From *Sm̥weyd-, from *sm̥- (compounding stem) + *weyd- (“see”), meaning “see-together” or “uniter”, equivalent to ἁ- (ha-) + εἶδον (eîdon)
*sm̥-
one
with, together
*sem- (“one, together”).
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*sem-
together, one
—————————————————-
From σκότος (skótos, “darkness”) + -εινός (Adj. -ine).
From εἶδος (eîdos, “form”).
είδωλο • (eídolo) n (plural είδωλα)
idol
reflection
εἰδωλολατρία
The word idolatry comes from the Greek word eidololatria (εἰδωλολατρία) which itself is a compound of two words: eidolon (εἴδωλον “image”) and latreia (λατρεία “worship”, related to λάτρις).
The later Jews used the term עֲבוֹדה זֶרֶה, avodh zereh, meaning “strange worship”.
προσκυνέω
The verb προσκυνέω (proskyneo) is often used in the Septuagint and New Testament for the worship of pagan gods or the worship of the God of Israel. In addition, this word for in some cases used for the worship of angels.
Different authors translate the Greek word “προσκύνησις” from Christian texts into English differently: adoration, worship, veneration, bow, reverence.
προσκῠ́νησῐς • (proskúnēsis) f (genitive προσκῠνήσεως); third declension
proskynesis (prostration as an act of obeisance)
προσκυνέω (“to prostrate oneself”) + -σις (abstract nouns of action, result or process)
προσκῠνέω • (proskunéō)
to make obeisance to the gods, fall down and worship, worship, adore
to prostrate oneself before a king or superior, bow, bow down
From πρός (“to, towards”) + κυνέω (“to kiss”)
To kiss the ground before the king to whom you serve.
Related to - French: Baiser
Baiser comes from the Latin basiare, meaning “to kiss.”
Un baiser is French for “a kiss.”
In modern French, the word embrasser (“to embrace”) is used as the verb form of “to kiss” to distance it from baiser.
From Latin: bāsiō (present infinitive bāsiāre, perfect active bāsiāvī, supine bāsiātum); first conjugation
I kiss.
From bāsium (“kiss”) + -ō.
Synonyms
(idol) : ίνδαλμα n (índalma)
see: εικόνα f (eikóna, “icon”)
ίνδαλμα • (índalma) n (plural ινδάλματα)
Noun
idol, cultural icon
εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension phantom, ghost shape, figure, image image of the mind: idea, fancy representation, statue, idol From εἶδος (eîdos, “form”).
εικόνα • (eikóna) f (plural εικόνες)
picture, image, painting, illustration, portrait
(religion) icon, religious painting.
εἰκών • (eikṓn) f (genitive εἰκόνος); third declension figure, image, likeness, portrait image in a mirror, reflection personal description similitude, semblance, phantom pattern, archetype.
From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”)
from *weyd- (“to see”).
SUFFIX
-ειδής • (-eidḗs) m or f (neuter -ειδές); third declension
Forms adjectives: like, connected to, from the nature of, full of; -id
Originally -ϝειδής (-weidḗs)
from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, appearance”) + -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix).
-ides
resembling
A borrowing of Ancient Greek -ίδης (-ídēs, “-son, son of”).
εἰδητῐκός • (eidētikós) m (feminine εἰδητῐκή, neuter εἰδητῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
constituting an εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, form”), figurate
(logic) formal
concerning type, specific
From εἶδος (eîdos, “appearance, form”) + -τῐκός (-adjective ).
SUFFIX
-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension
Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive
ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”)
Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels
ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”)
ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”)
εἰκάζω • (eikázō) to portray, represent to liken, compare to infer from comparison, to conjecture From εἰκών (eikṓn) + -άζω (-verb)
SUFFIX
-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-verb) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (“throw around”)
From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”)
from *weyd- (“to see”).
Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas).
———————————
SANSKRIT
वेदस् • (védas) n
knowledge, science
property, wealth
Cognate to Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).
———————————
ICON
εικόνα • (eikóna) f (plural εικόνες)
picture, image, painting, illustration, portrait
(religion) icon, religious painting
Synonyms[edit]
αγιογραφία f (agiografía, “religious painting”)
εικόνισμα n (eikónisma, “religious icon”)
εικονίδιο n (eikonídio, “computer icon”)
ίνδαλμα n (índalma, “cultural icon”)
Related terms[edit]
απεικονίζω (apeikonízo, “to portray, to paint, to create an image”)
απεικόνιση f (apeikónisi, “image, representation, portrait”)
αναπαράσταση f (anaparástasi, “representation”)
απείκασμα n (apeíkasma, “image, representation”)
απεικόνιση n (apeikónisi, “portrayal, representation”)
————————————————
EFFIGY
ομοίωμα • (omoíoma) n (plural ομοιώματα)
effigy
————————————————-
ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by).
ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware.
ὁράω: to see with the mind, to perceive, know.
ὁράω: to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience.
ὁράω: equivalent to to take heed, beware.
ὁράω: equivalent to to care for, pay heed to.
ὁράω: Properly, to stare at (compare optanomai), i.e. (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension, to attend to; by Hebraism, to experience; passively, to appear – behold, perceive, see, take heed.
————————————————
οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate.
οἶδα: properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11)
as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense:
perceiving (“mentally seeing”).
This is akin to the expressions:
“I see what You mean” — “I see what you are saying.”
οἶδᾰ • (oîda)
(transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something]
(with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one’s heart
(transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something]
(intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something]
(transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something]
(intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something]
to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs)
(negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don’t know if or whether, I doubt that
(parenthetic)
(a superlative is often followed by the phrase “ὧν ἴσμεν”)
From Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, from *weyd-.
Compare εἶδον (eîdon, “to see”)
εἴδομαι (“to seem”), which originate from different aspectual forms of the same verbal root.
Cognates include Old Armenian գիտեմ (gitem)
Sanskrit वेद (veda)
Latin vīdī
Proto-Germanic *witaną (English wit)
From Old English witt (“understanding, intellect, sense, knowledge, consciousness, conscience”)
from Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge, reason”)
from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”)
Latin videō (“see”)
Compare: Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 (unwiti, “ignorance”)
Equivalent to 𐌿𐌽- (un-) + 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (to know) + -𐌹 (abstract nouns representing a phenomenon).
𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 • (witan)
to know
𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 • (witān)
to observe
ἰδέᾱ
APPEARANCE - NOTION - SYMBOL OF A CONCEPT - PATTERN
The word idea comes from Greek ἰδέα idea “form, pattern,”
from the root of ἰδεῖν, “to see.”
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”)
from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”)
Noun ιδέα • (idéa) f (plural ιδέες) idea (model in the mind or intellect) idea (invention) opinion (judgement) impression (impression of character)
ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension
look, appearance, form
type, sort, class
style
Etymology
Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *widéhā, from Proto-Indo-European *widéseh₂, feminine derivation from *wéydos (whence εἶδος (eîdos)), from *weyd- (“to see”).
————————————————
One view on the nature of ideas is that there exist some ideas (called innate ideas) which are so general and abstract that they could not have arisen as a representation of an object of our perception but rather were in some sense always present. These are distinguished from adventitious ideas which are images or concepts which are accompanied by the judgment that they are caused or occasioned by an external object.[1]
Another view holds that we only discover ideas in the same way that we discover the real world, from personal experiences. The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from nurture (life experiences) is known as tabula rasa (“blank slate”). Most of the confusions in the way ideas arise is at least in part due to the use of the term “idea” to cover both the representation perceptics and the object of conceptual thought. This can be always illustrated in terms of the scientific doctrines of innate ideas, “concrete ideas versus abstract ideas”, as well as “simple ideas versus complex ideas”.
Descartes often wrote of the meaning of idea as an image or representation, often but not necessarily “in the mind”
Hume differs from Locke by limiting idea to the more or less vague mental reconstructions of perceptions, the perceptual process being described as an “impression.”
Plato argued in dialogues such as the Phaedo, Symposium, Republic, and Timaeus that there is a realm of ideas or forms (eidei), which exist independently of anyone who may have thoughts on these ideas, and it is the ideas which distinguish mere opinion from knowledge, for unlike material things which are transient and liable to contrary properties, ideas are unchanging and nothing but just what they are. Consequently, Plato seems to assert forcefully that material things can only be the objects of opinion; real knowledge can only be had of unchanging ideas. Furthermore, ideas for Plato appear to serve as universals; consider the following passage from the Republic:
We both assert that there are,” I said, “and distinguish in speech, many fair things, many good things, and so on for each kind of thing.”
“Yes, so we do.”
“And we also assert that there is a fair itself, a good itself, and so on for all things that we set down as many. Now, again, we refer to them as one idea of each as though the idea were one; and we address it as that which really is.”
“That’s so.”
“And, moreover, we say that the former are seen, but not intellected, while the ideas are intellected but not seen.
— Plato, Bk. VI 507b-c
Wilhelm Wundt
Wundt widens the term from Kant’s usage to include conscious representation of some object or process of the external world. In so doing, he includes not only ideas of memory and imagination, but also perceptual processes, whereas other psychologists confine the term to the first two groups.
Samuel Johnson
James Boswell recorded Samuel Johnson’s opinion about ideas. Johnson claimed that they are mental images or internal visual pictures. As such, they have no relation to words or the concepts which are designated by verbal names.
G. F. Stout and J. M. Baldwin[edit]
G. F. Stout and J. M. Baldwin, in the Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, define idea as “the reproduction with a more or less adequate image, of an object not actually present to the senses.” [22] They point out that an idea and a perception are by various authorities contrasted in various ways. “Difference in degree of intensity”, “comparative absence of bodily movement on the part of the subject”, “comparative dependence on mental activity”, are suggested by psychologists as characteristic of an idea as compared with a perception.
γράμμα
GRAMMAR
γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα)
letter (written or printed symbol)
(computing) character
(plural) literature, letters
Tα γράμματα και οι τέχνες. ― Ta grámmata kai oi téchnes. ― Literature and the arts
(plural: informal) education, literacy
Ξέρεις γράμματα; ― Xéreis grámmata? ― Can you read? literally: Do you know letters?
Στο ‘πα και στο ξαναλέω/μη μου γράφεις γράμματα/γιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω/και με πιάνουν κλάματα.
Sto ‘pa kai sto xanaléo/mi mou gráfeis grámmata/giatí grámmata den xéro/kai me piánoun klámata.
I’ve told you and I’m telling you again/don’t write me letters/because I can’t read (letters)/and tears overcome me
traditional Greek song
letter (correspondence)
Στο ‘πα και στο ξαναλέω/μη μου γράφεις γράμματα/γιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω/και με πιάνουν κλάματα.
Sto ‘pa kai sto xanaléo/mi mou gráfeis grámmata/giatí grámmata den xéro/kai me piánoun klámata.
I’ve told you and I’m telling you again/don’t write me letters/because I can’t read (letters)/and tears overcome me
traditional Greek song
γραμματική f (grammatikí, “grammar”)
γραμμένος (gramménos, “written”)
γραμματέας m or f (grammatéas, “secretary”)
κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”)
and see: γραμματεία f (grammateía, “secretariat”)
(character): χαρακτήρας m (charaktíras)
(literature): λογοτεχνία f (logotechnía)
(communication): επιστολή f (epistolí)
Related terms[edit]
γραμματική f (grammatikí, “grammar”)
γραμμένος (gramménos, “written”)
γραμματέας m or f (grammatéas, “secretary”)
κορώνα ή γράμματα (koróna í grámmata, “heads or tails”)
and see: γραμματεία f (grammateía, “secretariat”)
συνειδητός
CONSCIOUS - AWARE - CONSIDER
Adjective
conscious (adj.)
c. 1600, “knowing, privy to” (poetic),
from Latin conscius “knowing, aware,”
from conscire “be (mutually) aware,”
from assimilated form of com “with,” or “thoroughly” (see con-) + scire “to know”
(see science).
The Latin word probably is a loan-translation of Greek syneidos.
The sense of “knowing or perceiving within oneself, sensible inwardly, aware” is from 1630s, perhaps a shortening of conscious to oneself (1620s).
Also compare the Latin sense evolution in conscience. From 1650s as “aware (of a fact).” Sense of “active and awake, endowed with active mental faculties” is from 1837. Related: Consciously.
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science (n.)
mid-14c., “what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;”
also “assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty,”
from Old French science “knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge” (12c.),
from Latin scientia “knowledge, a knowing; expertness,”
from sciens (genitive scientis) "intelligent, skilled," present participle of... Latin - scire "to know,"
probably originally “to separate one thing from another, to distinguish,”
Discern.
from dis- “off, away” (see dis-)
+ cernere “distinguish, separate, sift”
from Latin discernere “to separate, set apart, divide, distribute; distinguish, perceive,”
from PIE root *krei- “to sieve,” thus “discriminate, distinguish”
related to
Latin - scindere “to cut, divide,”
from PIE root *skei- “to cut, split”
(source also of Greek skhizein “to split, rend, cleave,”
Greek - σχῐ́ζω • (skhízō)
I split, cleave.
Gothic skaidan,
Old English sceadan “to divide, separate”
From late 14c. in English as “book-learning,” also “a particular branch of knowledge or of learning;” also “skillfulness, cleverness; craftiness.” From c. 1400 as “experiential knowledge;” also “a skill, handicraft; a trade.” From late 14c. as “collective human knowledge” (especially that gained by systematic observation, experiment, and reasoning). Modern (restricted) sense of “body of regular or methodical observations or propositions concerning a particular subject or speculation” is attested from 1725; in 17c.-18c. this concept commonly was called philosophy. Sense of “non-arts studies” is attested from 1670s.
____________________________________________
The distinction is commonly understood as between theoretical truth (Greek episteme) and methods for effecting practical results (tekhne), but science sometimes is used for practical applications and art for applications of skill. To blind (someone) with science “confuse by the use of big words or complex explanations” is attested from 1937, originally noted as a phrase from Australia and New Zealand.
____________________________________________
*skei-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to cut, split,”
extension of root *sek- “to cut.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit chindhi, chinatti “to break, split up;” Avestan a-sista- “unsplit, unharmed,” Greek skhizein “to split, cleave, part, separate;” Latin scindere “to cut, rend, tear asunder, split;” Armenian c’tim “to tear, scratch;” Lithuanian skiesti “to separate, divide;” Old Church Slavonic cediti “to strain;” Old English scitan, Old Norse skita “to defecate;” Old English sceað, Old High German sceida “sheath;” Old Irish sceid “to vomit, spit;” Welsh chwydu “to break open.”
____________________________________________
*sek-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to cut.” It forms all or part of: bisect; dissect; hacksaw; insect; intersect; resect; saw (n.1) “cutting tool;” Saxon; scythe; secant; secateurs; sect; section; sector; sedge; segment; skin; skinflint; skinny; transect.
____________________________________________
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Hittite shakk- “to know, pay attention to;” Latin secare “to cut,” sectio “a cutting, cutting off, division;” Old Church Slavonic seko, sešti “to cut,” sečivo “ax, hatchet,” Russian seč’ “to cut to pieces;” Lithuanian įsėkti “to engrave, carve;” Albanian šate “mattock;” Old Saxon segasna, Old English sigðe “scythe;” Old English secg “sword,” seax “knife, short sword;” Old Irish doescim “I cut.”
____________________________________________
intellect (n.)
“the sum of the cognitive facilities (except sense or sense and imagination), the capacity for reasoning truth,” late 14c. (but little used before 16c.), from Old French intellect “intellectual capacity” (13c.), and directly from Latin intellectus “discernment, a perception, understanding,” noun use of past participle of intelligere “to understand, discern” (see intelligence). The Latin word was used to translate Greek nous “mind, thought, intellect” in Aristotle.
intellectual (adj.)
late 14c., “grasped by the understanding” (rather than by the senses), from Old French intellectuel (13c.) and directly from Latin intellectualis “relating to the understanding,” from intellectus “discernment, understanding,” noun use of past participle of intelligere “to understand, discern” (see intelligence).
Sense of “characterized by a high degree of intellect” is from 1819. Meaning “appealing to or engaging the mental powers” is from 1834. Intellectual property “products of the intellect” is attested from 1845. Adjective formations in the sense “of or pertaining to the intellect” included intellective (early 15c.), intellectile (1670s).
intellectualize (v.)
1819 (Coleridge), “infuse with intellectual quality,” from intellectual + -ize. From 1827 as “exercise the mind, reason upon a matter of intellect.” Related: Intellectualized; intellectualizing.
intelligence (n.)
late 14c., “the highest faculty of the mind, capacity for comprehending general truths;” c. 1400, “faculty of understanding, comprehension,” from Old French intelligence (12c.) and directly from Latin intelligentia, intellegentia “understanding, knowledge, power of discerning; art, skill, taste,” from intelligentem (nominative intelligens) “discerning, appreciative,” present participle of intelligere “to understand, comprehend, come to know,” from assimilated form of inter “between” (see inter-) + legere “choose, pick out, read,” from PIE root *leg- (1) “to collect, gather,” with derivatives meaning “to speak (to ‘pick out words’).”
Meaning “superior understanding, sagacity, quality of being intelligent” is from early 15c. Sense of “information received or imparted, news” first recorded mid-15c., especially “secret information from spies” (1580s). Meaning “a being endowed with understanding or intelligence” is late 14c. Intelligence quotient first recorded 1921 (see I.Q.).
I.Q.
1922, abbreviation of intelligence quotient, a 1921 translation of German Intelligenz-quotient, coined 1912 by German psychologist William L. Stern.
Intelligence is a general capacity of an individual consciously to adjust his thinking to new requirements: it is general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life. [Stern, “The Psychological Methods of Testing Intelligence,” 1914]
—————————————————————
inter-
word-forming element used freely in English, “between, among, during,” from Latin inter (prep., adv.) “among, between, betwixt, in the midst of” (also used extensively as a prefix), from PIE *enter “between, among” (source also of Sanskrit antar, Old Persian antar “among, between,” Greek entera (plural) “intestines,” Old Irish eter, Old Welsh ithr “among, between,” Gothic undar, Old English under “under”), a comparative of root *en “in.”
A living prefix in English from 15c. and used with Germanic as well as Latinate words. Spelled entre- in French; most words borrowed into English in that form were re-spelled 16c. to conform with Latin except entertain, enterprise. In Latin, spelling shifted to intel- before -l-, hence intelligence, etc.
*en
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “in.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit antara- “interior;” Greek en “in,” eis “into,” endon “within;” Latin in “in, into,” intro “inward,” intra “inside, within;” Old Irish in, Welsh yn, Old Church Slavonic on-, Old English in “in, into,” inne “within, inside.”
*leg- (1)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to collect, gather,” with derivatives meaning “to speak” on the notion of “to gather words, to pick out words.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek legein “to say, tell, speak, declare; to count,” originally, in Homer, “to pick out, select, collect, enumerate;” lexis “speech, diction;” logos “word, speech, thought, account;” Latin legere “to gather, choose, pluck; read,” lignum “wood, firewood,” literally “that which is gathered,” legare “to depute, commission, charge,” lex “law” (perhaps “collection of rules”); Albanian mb-ledh “to collect, harvest;” Gothic lisan “to collect, harvest,” Lithuanian lesti “to pick, eat picking;” Hittite less-zi “to pick, gather.”
____________________________________________
noesis (n.)
“intellect, intelligence,” 1820, from Greek noēsis “intelligence, thought,” from noein “to see, perceive, have mental perception,” from noos “mind, thought” which is of uncertain origin.
noetic (adj.)
“pertaining to, performed by, or originating in the intellect,” 1650s,
from Greek noētikos “intelligent,”
from noēsis “a perception, intelligence, thought” (see noesis). Related: Noetical (1640s).
nous (n.)
college slang for “intelligence, wit, cleverness, common sense,” 1706, from Greek nous, Attic form of noos “mind, intelligence, perception, intellect,” which was taken in English in philosophy 1670s as “the perceptive and intelligent faculty.” The Greek word is of uncertain origin. Beekes writes, “No doubt an old inherited verbal noun …, though there is no certain etymology.”
Related entries & more
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mind (n.)
“that which feels, wills, and thinks; the intellect,” late 12c., mynd, from Old English gemynd “memory, remembrance; state of being remembered; thought, purpose; conscious mind, intellect, intention,”
Proto-Germanic *ga-mundiz
source also of Gothic muns “thought,” munan “to think;”
Old Norse minni “mind;”
German Minne (archaic) “love,” originally “memory, loving memory”),
from suffixed form of PIE root *men- (1) “to think,” with derivatives referring to qualities of mind or states of thought.
Meaning “mental faculty, the thinking process” is from c. 1300.
Sense of “intention, purpose” is from c. 1300.
From late 14c. as “frame of mind. mental disposition,” also “way of thinking, opinion.” “Memory,” one of the oldest senses, now is almost obsolete except in old expressions such as bear in mind (late 14c.), call to mind (early 15c.), keep in mind (late 15c.).
Mind’s eye “mental view or vision, remembrance” is from early 15c. To pay no mind “disregard” is recorded by 1910, American English dialect. To make up (one’s) mind “determine, come to a definite conclusion” is by 1784. To have a mind “be inclined or disposed” (to do something) is by 1540s; to have half a mind to “to have one’s mind half made up to (do something)” is recorded from 1726. Out of (one’s) mind “mad, insane” is from late 14c.; out of mind “forgotten” is from c. 1300; phrase time out of mind “time beyond people’s memory” is attested from early 15c.
*men- (1)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to think,” with derivatives referring to qualities and states of mind or thought.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit manas- “mind, spirit,” matih “thought,” munih “sage, seer;” Avestan manah- “mind, spirit;”
Greek memona “I yearn,” mania “madness,” mantis “one who divines, prophet, seer;”
Latin mens “mind, understanding, reason,” memini “I remember,” mentio “remembrance;”
Lithuanian mintis “thought, idea,”
Old Church Slavonic mineti “to believe, think,” Russian pamjat “memory;” Gothic gamunds,
Old English gemynd “memory, remembrance; conscious mind, intellect.”
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OLD ENGLISH
Noun ġemynd f or n memory; commemoration thought, thinking intellect, intention
form of Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think, remember”)
equivalent to ġe- + mynd.
ġe-
used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection
forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-
forms nouns and verbs with the sense of “result” or “process”
forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs
Noun
mynd f (genitive singular myndar, plural myndir)
image, picture
imagination (created by words)
Old English
⟨Ġ⟩ is sometimes used in scholarly representation of Old English to represent [j] or [dʒ], to distinguish it from [ɡ], which is otherwise spelled identically. The digraph ⟨cg⟩ was also used to represent [dʒ].
noēsis intelligence thought mental perception mind Memory Remember Recall Intend Perception Sense Feeling Aesthetics Intuition Imagine Faculty Skill Know how
Order Organize Arrange Put Place Set State Thread Sew Stick Suture ——————————————————————- THOUGHT
thought (countable and uncountable, plural thoughts)
(countable) Form created in the mind, rather than the forms perceived through the five senses; an instance of thinking.
The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another.
(uncountable) The operation by which such forms arise or are manipulated; the process of thinking; the agency by which thinking is accomplished.
Without freedom of thought there can be no such thing as wisdom, and no such thing as public liberty without freedom of speech.
(uncountable) A way of thinking (associated with a group, nation or region).
Traditional eastern thought differs markedly from that of the west.
(uncountable, now dialectal) Anxiety, distress
thought (n.)
Old English þoht, geþoht “process of thinking, a thought; compassion,” from stem of þencan “to conceive of in the mind, consider” (see think). Cognate with the second element in German Gedächtnis “memory,” Andacht “attention, devotion,” Bedacht “consideration, deliberation.”
Bammesberger (“English Etymology”) explains that in Germanic -kt- generally shifted to -ht-, and a nasal before -ht- was lost. Proto-Germanic *thankija- added a suffix -t in the past tense. By the first pattern the Germanic form was *thanht-, by the second the Old English was þoht.
Second thought “later consideration” is recorded from 1640s. Thought-crime is from “Nineteen Eighty-Four” (1949); thought police is attested from 1945, originally in reference to war-time Japanese Special Higher Police (Tokubetsu Koto Keisatsu).
think (v.)
Old English þencan “imagine, conceive in the mind; consider, meditate, remember; intend, wish, desire” (past tense þohte, past participle geþoht), probably originally “cause to appear to oneself,” from Proto-Germanic *thankjan (source also of Old Frisian thinka, Old Saxon thenkian, Old High German denchen, German denken, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic þagkjan).
Old English þencan is the causative form of the distinct Old English verb þyncan “to seem, to appear” (past tense þuhte, past participle geþuht), from Proto-Germanic *thunkjan (source also of German dünken, däuchte). Both are from PIE *tong- “to think, feel” which also is the root of thought and thank.
The two Old English words converged in Middle English and þyncan “to seem” was absorbed, except for its preservation in archaic methinks “it seems to me.”
As a noun, think, “act of prolonged thinking,” is attested by 1834. The figurative thinking cap is attested from 1839.
Related entries & more
noesis (n.)
“intellect, intelligence,” 1820, from Greek noēsis “intelligence, thought,” from noein “to see, perceive, have mental perception,” from noos “mind, thought” which is of uncertain origin.
Related entries & more
sententious (adj.)
mid-15c., sentencious, “full of meaning,” from Latin sententiosus “full of meaning, pithy,” from sententia “thought; expression of a thought” (see sentence (n.)). Meaning “addicted to pompous moralizing” first recorded 1590s. Related: Sententiously; sententiousness.
Related entries & more
OLD ENGLISH
Noun
þōht m
thought
Noun
ġeþōht m (nominative plural ġeþōhtas)
thought, what is determined after thought, idea, opinion, decree
mind, purpose, intention
what is thought out, device, design, deliberation, counsel; rede
From ġe- + þōht.
From Proto-Germanic *þanhtaz
Noun
*þanhtaz m
thought, idea
from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think”).
Germanic: *þankaz (“thought, remembrance, gratitude”)
Latin: tongeō (“to know”)
Verb
tongeō (present infinitive tongēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stem
(transitive, rare) I know
Synonym: intellegō
From Latin: sciō Verb sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation I can, know, understand, have knowledge. Scīsne ubi habitēmus? Do you know where we live? I know carnally.
from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, to dissect”).
From Proto-Indo-European / *sek- Etymology From *sek- (“to cut”). Root *skey- to split, to dissect
Verb
nesciō (present infinitive nescīre, perfect active nescīvī or nesciī, supine nescītum); fourth conjugation
I cannot, I do not know, I am ignorant, I do not understand.
From Latin ne- (“not”) + sciō (“I know”).
Adjective
nescio (feminine singular nescia, masculine plural nesci, feminine plural nescie)
(literary) nescient, ignorant, unaware
Verb
intellegō (present infinitive intellegere, perfect active intellēxī, supine intellēctum); third conjugation
I understand, comprehend, realize, come to know.
Synonym: tongeō
I perceive, discern, see, observe, recognise; feel, notice.
Synonym: discernō
From inter (“between”) + Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”).
Verb
legō (present infinitive legere, perfect active lēgī, supine lēctum); third conjugation
I choose, select, appoint
I collect, gather, bring together
I read
Lingua Graeca est; nōn potest legī. ― It’s Greek, it cannot be read.
(Medieval Latin) I teach, profess
from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*leǵ- (imperfective)
to gather, collect, with derivatives meaning to speak
Ancient Greek: λόγος (lógos)
λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension
That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance.
That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning.
An account, explanation, or narrative.
Subject matter.
(Christianity) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament, by whom the world was created; God the Son.
From the root of λέγω (légō, “I say”).
Verb λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice)
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IDEA
Noun
idea (plural ideas or (rare) ideæ)
(philosophy) An abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect approximations; pure essence, as opposed to actual examples. [from 14th c.]
(obsolete) The conception of someone or something as representing a perfect example; an ideal. [16th-19th c.]
(obsolete) The form or shape of something; a quintessential aspect or characteristic. [16th-18th c.]
An image of an object that is formed in the mind or recalled by the memory. [from 16th c.]
The mere idea of you is enough to excite me.
More generally, any result of mental activity; a thought, a notion; a way of thinking. [from 17th c.]
A conception in the mind of something to be done; a plan for doing something, an intention. [from 17th c.]
I have an idea of how we might escape.
A purposeful aim or goal; intent
Yeah, that’s the idea.
A vague or fanciful notion; a feeling or hunch; an impression. [from 17th c.]
He had the wild idea that if he leant forward a little, he might be able to touch the mountain-top.
(music) A musical theme or melodic subject. [from 18th c.]
From Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”),
from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”),
from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).
Latin: idea f (genitive ideae); first declension
idea
prototype (Platonic)
From Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”).
Noun ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension form, shape look, appearance, semblance type, sort, class style notion, idea
From Proto-Indo-European
Root
*weyd- (stative)
to see
From Ancient Greek: εἴδω (eídō)
Verb εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic) to be seen, appear (with infinitive) to appear, seem to do (reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like (intransitive) to be like, to look like
εἶδος (eîdos, “form”)
ἰδέα (idéa, “form”)
ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”)
ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”)
Noun εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods
From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”),
from *weyd- (“to see”).
Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas). Noun वेदस् • (védas) n knowledge, science property, wealth
εἴδω to see to perceive with the eyes to perceive by any of the senses to perceive, notice, discern, discover to see i.e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything
εἴδω
1. to see
a. to perceive with the eyes
b. to perceive by any of the senses
c. to perceive, notice, discern, discover
d. to see
1. i.e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything
2. to pay attention, observe
3. to see about something
a. i.e. to ascertain what must be done about it
4. to inspect, examine
5. to look at, behold
e. to experience any state or condition
f. to see i.e. have an interview with, to visit
2. to know
a. to know of anything
b. to know, i.e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive
1. of any fact
2. the force and meaning of something which has definite meaning
3. to know how, to be skilled in
c. to have regard for one, cherish, pay attention to (1 Thessalonians 5:12)
For Synonyms see entry 5825
Source: https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/strongs/G1492
συνειδητός
CONSCIOUS
ὁράω
SEE IN THE MIND - CONTEMPLATE
ὁράω • (horáō)
(intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone]
(intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind
(copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb]
Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold
δεινὸς ἰδεῖν
deinòs ideîn
horrible to look at
(transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something]
(transitive) To find out [+indirect question]
ὅρᾱ εἰ …
hórā ei …
see if/whether …
(transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that …]
(intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand
Verb
ὅρᾱ • (hórā)
second-person singular present active imperative contracted of ὁράω (horáō)
Noun
ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension
care, concern
From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to note, sense”).
Root
*wer-
to cover, heed, notice
Cognates Latin: vereor
Verb
vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent
I have respect for, revere, stand in awe.
I am afraid, fear; dread.
Synonyms: timeō, metuō
Latin: timeō
Verb
timeō (present infinitive timēre, perfect active timuī); second conjugation, no supine stem
(transitive) I fear, am afraid of, apprehend, am apprehensive of
(intransitive) I am afraid, I fear, I am apprehensive
Latin: metuō
Verb
metuō (present infinitive metuere, perfect active metuī, supine metūtum); third conjugation
Latin: metus
Noun
metus m (genitive metūs); fourth declension
fear, dread
anxiety, awe
I fear, am afraid
ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε;
horâis? horâte?
Do you see?
(transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone]
ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό)
Adjective
visible, in sight, seen
From earlier ϝοράω (woráō),
from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”).
Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”),
ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”),
Latin vereor (“fear”),
English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”).
Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”)
whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)
Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from
Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”)
whence εἶδος (eîdos)
ἵστωρ (hístōr)).
βλέπω
WATCH - OBSERVE - LOOK (Active)
βλέπω • (vlépo) (past είδα, passive βλέπομαι)
(most senses) see, watch, look at
Έβλεπα τα βουνά από το αμάξι. ―
Évlepa ta vouná apó to amáxi. ―
I watched the mountains from the car.
(transitive) consider, think of, see (give an assessment or opinion)
Δεν τα βλέπω καλά τα πράγματα. ―
Den ta vlépo kalá ta prágmata. ―
I don’t see things looking that good.
(transitive) scrutinise, look into (examine in more detail)
Αυτά θα τα δούμε σε μελλοντική συνεδρίαση. ―
Aftá tha ta doúme se mellontikí synedríasi. ―
We’ll look into those at a later meeting.
(medicine, transitive) examine (of a doctor)
Ο γιατρός θα σας δει τώρα. ―
O giatrós tha sas dei tóra. ―
The doctor will see you now.
(transitive, of inanimate things) face, overlook (look out onto, as in a view)
Το μπαλκόνι έβλεπε στον δρόμο. ―
To balkóni évlepe ston drómo. ―
The balcony looke
Related terms
Stem βλεπ-
αγριοβλέπω (agriovlépo, “to look at with a menacing glance”)
αλληλοβλέπομαι (allilovlépomai, “see each other”)
αναβλέπω (anavlépo, “to see again, to look up”)
ξαναβλέπω (xanavlépo, “to see again”)
παραβλέπω (paravlépo, “to ignore, to overlook”)
προβλέπω (provlépo, “to foresee, to predict”)
And βλεπτ- ανεπίβλεπτος (anepívleptos) απρόβλεπτος (apróvleptos) περίβλεπτος (perívleptos) προβλεπτικός (provleptikós) προβλεπτικότητα f (provleptikótita) Stem βλεφ- βλεφαρίδα f (vlefarída, “eyelash”) βλέφαρο n (vléfaro, “eyelid”) Stem βλεμ- αβλέμονας m (avlémonas) βλέμμα n (vlémma) Stem βλεψ- αβλεψία f (avlepsía, “carelessness”) βλέψη f (vlépsi) επίβλεψη f (epívlepsi) ηδονοβλεψίας m (idonovlepsías, “boyeur”) παράβλεψη f (parávlepsi) πρόβλεψη f (próvlepsi) προβλέψιμος (provlépsimos) προβλεψιμότητα f (provlepsimótita) From είδα, ιδωμένος stems ειδ-, ιδ- απόειδα (apóeida, “eyelash”) ανίδωτος (anídotos, “eyelid”) Derived terms[edit] δεν βλέπω πέρα από τη μύτη μου (den vlépo péra apó ti mýti mou, “can't see beyond the end of my nose”)
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αγριοβλέπω (agriovlépo, “to look at with a menacing glance”)
αλληλοβλέπομαι (allilovlépomai, “see each other”)
αναβλέπω (anavlépo, “to see again, to look up”)
αποβλέπω (apovlépo, “to aspire, to aim at”)
διαβλέπω (diavlépo, “to foresee”)
επιβλέπω (epivlépo, “to supervise, to oversee”)
κακοβλέπω (kakovlépo, “to look at with animosity”)
καλοβλέπω (kalovlépo, “to look at with pleasure, delight”)
ξαναβλέπω (xanavlépo, “to see again”)
παραβλέπω (paravlépo, “to ignore, to overlook”)
προβλέπω (provlépo, “to foresee, to predict”)
προσβλέπω (prosvlépo, “to look forward to”)
πρωτοβλέπω (protovlépo, “to see first”)
συχνοβλέπω (sychnovlépo, “to see often”)
υποβλέπω (ypovlépo, “to covet”)
χαμηλοβλεπούσα f (chamilovlepoúsa)
ανεπίβλεπτος (anepívleptos, “not supervised”, adjective)
επιβλέπων (epivlépon, participle) (learned)
επίβλεψη f (epívlepsi, “overseeing”)
Adjective
ανεπίβλεπτος • (anepívleptos) m (feminine ανεπίβλεπτη, neuter ανεπίβλεπτο)
unsupervised
επιβλέπω (epivlépo, “to supervise”)
Verb
επιβλέπω • (epivlépo) (past επέβλεψα, passive —)
supervise, keep an eye on, oversee
επι- (epi-, “over”) + βλέπω (vlépo, “see”).
See also
επιστασία f (epistasía, “supervision”)
Noun αβλέμονας • (avlémonas) m (uncountable) deep blue sea (especially near a steeply shelving coast) suitable anchorage (figuratively) vast quantity
Noun
βλέμμα • (vlémma) n (plural βλέμματα)
glance, stare, look
see: βλέπω (vlépo, “to glance, to look”)
αβλεψία • (avlepsía) f (plural αβλεψίες)
carelessness, negligence, oversight
see: αβλέπτημα n (avléptima, “oversight, misprint”)
Noun
αβλέπτημα • (avléptima) n (plural αβλεπτήματα)
oversight, lacuna
misprint, erratum, typo, lacuna
αβλεπτώ (avleptó, “to overlook”) Verb αβλεπτώ • (avleptó) (past —) overlook, ignore neglect, forget (to do), overlook
Verb
παραβλέπω • (paravlépo) (past παρέβλεψα, passive παραβλέπομαι)
turn a blind eye to, shut one’s eyes to (to deliberately overlook)
Etymology 2
παρα- (“with sense: excess”) + βλέπω (“see”).
Verb
παραβλέπω • (paravlépo) (past παραείδα, passive παραβλέπομαι)
see or meet very often
see very well (in the phrase)
βλέπω και παραβλέπω ―
vlépo kai paravlépo ―
I see very well indeed
Verb παραβλέπω • (parablépō) take a side look, peep out of the corner of one's eye look suspiciously (Koine) see wrong overlook despise πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “near”) + βλέπω (blépō, “see”).
ηδονοβλεψίας • (idonovlepsías) m or f (plural ηδονοβλεψίες)
(formal) voyeur, Peeping Tom, peeper (person who watches another without the other’s permission and usually without the other’s knowledge, especially for the purpose of deriving sexual pleasure from the sight)
From ηδονή (idoní, “pleasure”) + -ο- (-o-) + βλέπω (vlépo, “to see”)
Noun
βλεφαρίδα • (vlefarída) f (plural βλεφαρίδες)
(anatomy) eyelash
(zoology) cilium
βλέφαρο • (vléfaro) n (plural βλέφαρα)
eyelid
βλέφᾰρον • (blépharon) n (genitive βλεφάρου); second declension
(chiefly in the plural) eyelid
βλεφᾰρῐ́ς • (blepharís) f (genitive βλεφᾰρῐ́δος); third declension
(mostly in the plural) eyelash
αποβλέπω • (apovlépo) (past απέβλεψα, passive —)
(+ σε) aspire, aim at, aim to, look to
Αποβλέπουν στην εξάλειψη των ορυκτών καυσίμων. ―
Apovlépoun stin exáleipsi ton oryktón kafsímon. ―
They aim to eliminate fossil fuels.
Etymology
ξανα- (xana-, “again”) + βλέπω (vlépo, “to see”)
Verb
ξαναβλέπω • (xanavlépo) (past ξαναείδα/ξανάδα, passive ξαναβλέπομαι)
(transitive) see again
(intransitive) see again, regain sight
προβλέπω • (provlépo) (past πρόβλεψα/προέβλεψα/προείδα, passive προβλέπομαι)
foresee, predict
organise (UK), organize (USA) in advance
analysable as προ- (“pre-”) + βλέπω (“see”).
διαβλέπω • (diavlépo) (past διέβλεψα/διείδα, passive —)
(transitive) foresee, infer, interpret
προσβλέπω • (prosvlépo) (past προσέβλεψα, passive —)
(formal) look forward to
Synonym: προσδοκώ (prosdokó)
From προσ- (pros-, “towards”) + βλέπω (vlépo, “see”).
υποβλέπω • (ypovlépo) found only in the imperfective tenses distrust, look askance at Οι συνάδελφοί του τον υποβλέπουν. Oi synádelfoí tou ton ypovlépoun. His colleagues look at him askance. have one's eye on (to seek or to pursue) Υποβλέπουν τη θέση της. Ypovlépoun ti thési tis. They have their eye on her position. From Ancient Greek ῠ̔ποβλέπω (hupoblépō, “look askance at, eye suspiciously or angrily”).
χαμηλοβλεπούσα • (chamilovlepoúsa) f (plural χαμηλοβλεπούσες)
(colloquial, humorous) shrinking violet (very shy woman, who figuratively won’t even look anyone in the eye)
Νομίζει ότι το να παίζει την χαμηλοβλέπουσα έλκει τους άνδρες.
Nomízei óti to na paízei tin chamilovlépousa élkei tous ándres.
She thinks that acting the shrinking violet attracts men.
χαμηλός (chamilós, “low”) + βλέπω (vlépo, “to see, to look”) + -ούσα (-oúsa)
Adjective
χαμηλός • (chamilós) m (feminine χαμηλή, neuter χαμηλό)
low, lowered
From Hellenistic Koine Greek χαμηλός (“lowered, (archaic:) trivial”).
Adjective χᾰμηλός • (khamēlós) m (feminine χᾰμηλή, neuter χᾰμηλόν); first/second declension low on the ground (figuratively) of low station (figuratively) diminutive, trifling
Adjective χθᾰμᾰλός • (khthamalós) m (feminine χθᾰμᾰλή, neuter χθᾰμᾰλόν); first/second declension low, near the ground, creeping sunken, flat epithet of Ithaca
Synonyms
ντροπαλή f (dropalí, “shy woman”)
σεμνότυφη f (semnótyfi, “prude”)
συνειδητοποιώ
TO MAKE AWARE OF -GIVE NOTICE
συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (past συνειδητοποίησα)
Realize
To be made aware of
From συνειδητός (syneiditós, “conscious”) + ποιώ (poió, “make”).
δεν έλαβα ποτέ την ειδοποίησή σας
i never received your notice
ορίζω
HORIZON - BOUNDARY - LIMIT
ορίζω • (orízo) active (simple past όρισα, passive ορίζομαι) Verb define, designate decide arrive, reach
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ὁρίζω • (horízō) Verb I divide, separate from. I separate. I delimit. I bound. I pass between or through. I part, divide. I mark out. I trace as a boundary. I ordain, determine, lay down. I define a thing. (middle) I mark out for myself. I determine for myself. I define a thing. (intransitive) I border upon. (Attic law) I have marked with ὅροι (hóroi)
From ὅρος (“boundary, border”) + -ίζω (-verb suffix).
ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension
Noun
boundary, limit, frontier, landmark
marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts
the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press
rule, standard
term, definition
goal, end, aim.
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cognates including Latin urvō.
To “trace” a boundary.
Verb
urvō (present infinitive urvāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem
(intransitive) I trace (especially, the walls surrounding a new settlement)
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ορίζοντας m (“horizon”)
οριζόντιος (“horizontal”)
ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics)
ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle)
ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”)
οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar)
οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”)
υποορισμός m (ypoorismós)
αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”)
διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”)
εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”)
καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”)
καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”)
περιορίζω • (periorízo) (simple past περιόρισα, passive περιορίζομαι)
Verb
(transitive) confine, restrict, curb
Το υπουργείο επιθυμεί να περιορίσει την άνοδο του πληθωρισμού.
To ypourgeío epithymeí na periorísei tin ánodo tou plithorismoú.
The ministry wishes to restrict the rise in inflation.
(transitive) limit
(transitive) restrain
προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”)
προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”)
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αόριστος • (aóristos) m (feminine αόριστη, neuter αόριστο) Adjective vague (grammar) indefinite (grammar) preterite
αόριστος • (aóristos) m (plural αόριστοι)
Grammar
(grammar) aorist, past tense, simple past, perfective past
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απεριόριστος • (aperióristos) m (feminine απεριόριστη, neuter απεριόριστο)
Adjective
unlimited
unconstrained
περιοριστικός (perioristikós, “restrictive, limited”)
περιοριστικός • (perioristikós) m (feminine περιοριστική, neuter περιοριστικό)
Adjective
restrictive, limited, constrained
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οριζόντιο δοκάρι n (orizóntio dokári, “crossbar”)
οριζόντια (orizóntia, “horizontally”)
οριζόντια • (orizóntia)
Adverb
horizontally
καθορίζω
DEFINE - DETERMINE - PRESCRIBE
define (v.)
late 14c., deffinen, diffinen, “to specify; to fix or establish authoritatively;” of words, phrases, etc., “state the signification of, explain what is meant by, describe in detail,” from Old French defenir, definir “to finish, conclude, come to an end; bring to an end; define, determine with precision,” and directly from Medieval Latin diffinire, definire,
from Latin definire “to limit, determine, explain,”
from de “completely” (see de-) + finire “to bound, limit,”
from finis “boundary, end” (see finish (v.)). From c. 1400 as “determine, declare, or mark the limit of.” Related: Defined; defining.
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Related terms
αδιοριστία f (adioristía, “nonappointment”)
αδιόριστος (adióristos, “not appointed”)
ακαθοριστία f (akathoristía)
ακαθόριστος (akathóristos, “vague, indeterminate”)
αοριστία f (aoristía)
αοριστικός (aoristikós)
αοριστολογία f (aoristología)
αοριστολογώ (aoristologó)
αόριστος (aóristos, “vague, (grammar): past tense”)
απεριόριστος (aperióristos, “unlinmited”)
απροσδιοριστία (aprosdioristía)
ορίζοντας m (orízontas, “horizon”)
οριζόντιος (orizóntios, “horizontal”)
οριζοντιώνω (orizontióno)
οριζοντίωση (orizontíosi)
ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics)
ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle)
ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”)
οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar)
οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”)
υποορισμός m (ypoorismós)
Compounds of the verb: (and see their derivatives)
αυτοεξορίζομαι (aftoexorízomai) αυτοπεριορίζομαι (aftoperiorízomai) αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”) διαφορίζω (diaforízo) (mathematics) διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”) εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”) επαναπροσδιορίζω (epanaprosdiorízo) καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”) καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”) περιορίζω (periorízo) προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”) προορίζω (proorízo) προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”)
determine (v.)
late 14c., determinen, “to settle, decide upon; state definitely; fix the bounds of; limit in time or extent,” also “come to a firm decision or definite intention” (to do something), from Old French determiner (12c.) and directly from Latin determinare “to enclose, bound, set limits to,” from de “off” (see de-) + terminare “to mark the end or boundary,” from terminus “end, limit” (see terminus).
Meaning “render judgment” is from early 15c. Sense of “give direction or tendency to” is from early 15c. Meaning “to find (as the solution of a problem)” is from 1640s. Related: Determined; determining; determiner.
terminus (n.)
1550s, “goal, end, final point,” from Latin terminus (plural termini) “an end, a limit, boundary line,” from PIE *ter-men- “peg, post,” from root *ter-, base of words meaning “peg, post; boundary, marker, goal” (source also of Sanskrit tarati “passes over, crosses over,” tarantah “sea;” Hittite tarma- “peg, nail,” tarmaizzi “he limits;” Greek terma “boundary, end-point, limit,” termon “border;” Gothic þairh, Old English þurh “through;” Old English þyrel “hole;” Old Norse þrömr “edge, chip, splinter”). “The Hittite noun and the usage in Latin suggest that the PIE word denoted a concrete object which came to refer to a boundary-stone.” [de Vaan]
In ancient Rome, Terminus was the name of the deity who presided over boundaries and landmarks, focus of the important Roman festival of Terminalia (held Feb. 23, the end of the old Roman year). The meaning “either end of a transportation line” is first recorded 1836.
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FINITE - FINAL - FINISH - FINE
finish (v.)
late 14c., “to bring to an end;” mid-15c., “to come to an end” (intransitive), from Old French finiss-, present participle stem of fenir “stop, finish, come to an end; die” (13c.),
from Latin finire “to limit, set bounds; put an end to; come to an end,” from finis “that which divides, a boundary, border,” figuratively “a limit, an end, close, conclusion; an extremity, highest point; greatest degree,” which is of unknown origin, perhaps related to figere “to fasten, fix” (see fix (v.)). Meaning “to kill, terminate the existence of” is from 1755.
finite (adj.)
early 15c., “limited in space or time, finite,” from Latin finitum, past participle of finire “to limit, set bounds; come to an end” (see finish (v.)). Related: Finitely; finiteness.
definitive (adj.)
late 14c., “ending, determining, conclusive,” from Old French definitif (12c.), from Latin definitivus “explanatory, definitive,” in Late Latin “definite,” from definit-, past-participle stem of definire “to limit, determine, explain,” from de “completely” (see de-) + finire “to bound, limit,” from finis “boundary, end” (see finish (v.)). As a noun, in grammar, “a defining or limiting word,” by 1751. Related: Definitively; definitiveness.
definite (adj.)
c. 1500, “fixed, established; certain, precise;” 1550s, “having fixed limits,” from Latin definitus “defined, bounded, limited,” past participle of definire “to limit, determine, explain,” from de “completely” (see de-) + finire “to bound, limit,” from finis “boundary, end” (see finish (v.)). From 1727 in grammar, “defining, limiting.” Definite means “defined, clear, precise, unmistakable;” definitive means “having the character of finality.” Related: Definiteness.
Related entries & more
define (v.)
late 14c., deffinen, diffinen, “to specify; to fix or establish authoritatively;” of words, phrases, etc., “state the signification of, explain what is meant by, describe in detail,” from Old French defenir, definir “to finish, conclude, come to an end; bring to an end; define, determine with precision,” and directly from Medieval Latin diffinire, definire, from Latin definire “to limit, determine, explain,” from de “completely” (see de-) + finire “to bound, limit,” from finis “boundary, end” (see finish (v.)). From c. 1400 as “determine, declare, or mark the limit of.” Related: Defined; defining.
fine (adj.)
mid-13c., “unblemished, refined, pure, free of impurities,” also “of high quality, choice,” from Old French fin “perfected, of highest quality” (12c.), a back-formation from finire or else from Latin finis “that which divides, a boundary, limit, border, end” (see finish (v.)); hence “acme, peak, height,” as in finis boni “the highest good.” The English word is from c. 1300 as “rich, valuable, costly;” also in a moral sense “true, genuine; faithful, constant.” From late 14c. as “expertly fashioned, well or skillfully made,” also, of cloth, “delicately wrought.” Of weapons or edges, “sharp” from c. 1400. In reference to quality of gold and silver, late 15c.
In French, the main meaning remains “delicate, intricately skillful;” in English since c. 1300 fine has been also a general broad expression of admiration or approval, the equivalent of French beau (as in fine arts, “those which appeal to the mind and the imagination,” 1767, translating French beaux-arts). Related: Finer; finest. Fine print is from 1861 as “type small and close-set;” by 1934 in the extended sense “qualifications and limitations of a deal.”
τύπος
TYPE - PRINT - SEAL - EMBOSS - IMPRESS
τυπώνω • (typóno)
I print
ανατυπώνω • (anatypóno) (past ανατύπωσα, passive ανατυπώνομαι)
reprint
ανατύπωση • (anatýposi) f (plural ανατυπώσεις)
reimpression, reprinting
ανατύπωμα • (anatýpoma) n (plural ανατυπώματα)
reimpression, reprinting
τύπος • (týpos) m (plural τύποι) sort, type, mould, stamp (of a person character) model, type (of car, etc) shape, form the press, the newspapers collectively formality, convention (chemistry, mathematics) formula (colloquial) a man, a guy, a chap
Ultimately from the Ancient Greek τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow, pressing; mark, impression; type; text, content; outline, figure; pattern; summoning”)
From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”)
Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-.
ανάτυπο n (anátypo, “offprint”)
ανατυπώνω (anatypóno, “to reprint”)
ανατύπωση f (anatýposi, “impression”)
συνέντευξη τύπου f (synéntefxi týpou, “press conference”)
τυπικός (typikós, “formal”)
τυπολάτρης m (typolátris, “formalist, ritualist”)
τῠ́πος • (túpos) m (genitive τῠ́που); second declension A blow, pressing The results of a blow: mark, impression mark, figure, image, outline General character of a thing: sort, type text, content pattern, example, model summoning
From τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”). τύπτω • (túptō) (literally or figuratively) to beat, strike, smite (middle) to beat, strike oneself to beat one's breast in grief: to mourn
τύμμᾰ • (túmma) n (genitive τύμμᾰτος); third declension
A blow, a wound
A pick, a sting, a snakebite
From τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to strike”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).
τῠ́μπᾰνον
Cylinder Seal
τῠ́μπᾰνον • (túmpanon) n (genitive τῠμπᾰ́νου); second declension (music) drum, kettledrum drumstick, staff, cudgel instrument of torture cylinder or drum of a piston wheel
tympanum n (genitive tympanī); second declension drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine
tympanum (plural tympanums or tympana)
(architecture) A triangular space between the sides of a pediment.
(architecture) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch.
The middle ear.
The eardrum.
(anatomy) A hearing organ in frogs, toads and some insects.
(anatomy) In certain birds, the labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe.
(engineering) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged; used for raising water, as for irrigation.
Old Irish tiompán m (genitive singular tiompáin, nominative plural tiompáin) tympan, drum (literary) metal-stringed instrument of harp kind timbrel, tambourine kettledrum hollow hump (geography) deep, sheltered cove
Etymology[edit] From Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum, kettledrum”). Doublet of τούμπανο (toúmpano). Noun[edit] τύμπανο • (týmpano) n (plural τύμπανα) (music) timpani, drum (anatomy) ear drum (architecture) tympanum (lithography) drum
Synonym
Synonyms
νταούλι n (“folk drum”)
τυμπανοκρουσία • (tympanokrousía) f (plural τυμπανοκρουσίες)
a drum roll on snare drum, tattoo
(figuratively) noisy presentation, fanfare
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HEBREW
טִיפּוּס • (típus) m (plural indefinite טִיפּוּסִים, plural construct טִיפּוּסֵי־)
type, personality
model
Ultimately from the Ancient Greek τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow, pressing; mark, impression; type; text, content; outline, figure; pattern; summoning”), from τῠ́πτω (túptō, “I poke, beat”), Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-.
πρότυπο
πρωτότυπο
PROTOTYPE - TEMPLATE - PATTERN - STANDARD - MODEL
πρότυπο
πρωτότυπο n (protótypo, “prototype”)
πρότυπο • (prótypo) n (plural πρότυπα)
template, model, pattern (used for later copies)
standard
Synonyms
υπόδειγμα n (ypódeigma, “model, paragon”)
σχέδιο n (schédio, “design, pattern”)
έμβλημα
EMBLEM
έμβλημα • (émvlima) n (plural εμβλήματα) Noun emblem emblem (plural emblems) A representative symbol, such as a trademark or logo.
ἔμβλημᾰ • (émblēma) n (genitive ἔμβλημᾰτος); third declension An insertion A chased or imbossed ornament A graft A tessellated work, a mosaic.
From ἐμβάλλω (“to put in, to lay on”) and the suffix -μα (-result noun)
-μα
Noun denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action.
from Ancient Greek ἔμβλημα (“an insertion”)
from ἐμβάλλειν (“to put in, to lay on”).
ἐμβάλλω • (embállō) to throw in, cast in to put into (someone's hands) to bring (to a place) to infuse with, inspire with to apply oneself to
ἐμ- (in-) + βάλλω (bállō)
From Latin emblema (“raised ornaments on vessels, tessellated work, mosaic”)
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σύμβολο • (sýmvolo) n (plural σύμβολα)
symbol, character, glyph
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OLD ENGLISH
Token
from Old English tācn (“sign”)
From Old English tācn from Proto-Germanic *taikną (“sign, token, symbol”). Noun[edit] token (plural tokenes) token (a physical object representing an action, concept, etc.) omen, portent token (support for a belief) prearranged signal token (momento, keepsake) A flag, banner, standard associated with a person or event. model, example guarantee (astronomy) celestial body (astrology) astrological sign
Old English - tācn n (nominative plural tācn or tācnu) sign, significant form token, credential sign of the Zodiac a distinguishing mark a sign to attract attention, signal a sign of anything future, a prognostic an action that conveys a meaning an indication, a mark which shows condition or state a sign which shews the truth or reality of anything, proof, demonstration, evidence a supernatural sign, miracle, prodigy a signal event, remarkable circumstance.
From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, indicate, point out, declare”).
From Proto-Germanic
*taikną n
sign, token, symbol
σῆμᾰ
SIGN - SEAL - TOKEN - IMPRINT
σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
mark, sign, token.
a sign from the gods, an omen, portent.
a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner.
the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow.
a token by which one’s identity or commission was certified.
a constellation.
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) + -μᾰ (-ma).
Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”).
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σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) Verb I show, point out, indicate. I sign, signal. Ι predict, portend. I signal someone to do something, I bid. I signify, indicate, declare. (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture. (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal.
From σῆμᾰ (“mark, sign”) + -ῐον
-ῐος
Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to.
σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension Noun a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time.
σημειόω • (sēmeióō) Verb From σημεῖον (sēmeîon) + -όω to mark, stamp to seal (e.g. letters) to signal (in middle) to take notice of, honor (in middle) to interpret as a sign or portent, infer as from a sign (in middle, medicine) to diagnose, examine (in middle) to note (for oneself)
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥, from *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”).
Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”).
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From Proto-Italic *skreiβō (with scrīptus for *scriptus after scrīpsī), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek σκάριφος (skáriphos).
Verb σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself
Noun σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance
Noun
σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες)
(lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word)
Tο ρήμα «τρέχω» έχει πολλές σημασίες.
To ríma «trécho» échei pollés simasíes.
The verb “trécho” has many meanings.
κυριολεκτική σημασία ― kyriolektikí simasía ― literal sense
μεταφορική σημασία ― metaforikí simasía ― figurative sense
significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters)
έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters
άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless
From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “a mark”)
Adjective
σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension
significant, giving signs
Adjective
σημαντικός • (simantikós) m (feminine σημαντική, neuter σημαντικό)
important, significant, considerable, outstanding, notable
Related terms: to σημαντικός
εξαιρετικός m (exairetikós, “excellent”)
σήμα
σημασία
SIGN
σήμα • (síma) n (plural σήματα) (business) trademark, logo insignia signature tune signal (analogue or digital) (computing) signal
From σῆμᾰ (“a mark”)
σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
mark, sign, token
a sign from the gods, an omen, portent
a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner
the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow
a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin
a token by which one’s identity or commission was certified
a constellation
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) + -μᾰ (-result noun).
Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”).
σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) I show, point out, indicate I sign, signal Ι predict, portend (later prose) I appear I signal someone to do something, I bid I signify, indicate, declare I interpret, explain; I tell, speak I signify, mean (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal I mark out for myself
σημαίνω • (simaíno) (past σήμανα, passive —) Verb mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal
σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες)
Noun
Sense
(lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word)
Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ― The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings.
κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense
μεταφορική σημασία ― metaphorical/figurative sense
significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters)
έχει σημασία ― it matters
άνευ σημασίας ― unimportant, meaningless
δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: “to give significance”)
Related terms[edit]
σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”)
σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”)
σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν) Adjective significant, giving signs From σημαίνω (“to indicate”) + -ικός (-adjective). ἐπισημαντικός (episēmantikós) κατασημαντικός (katasēmantikós) παρασημαντικός (parasēmantikós) προσημαντικός (prosēmantikós)
ασήμαντος • (asímantos) m (feminine ασήμαντη, neuter ασήμαντο)
Adjective
trivial, negligible, insignificant.
σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς) Noun the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance
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Derived terms[edit] ἀντῐσημαίνω (antisēmaínō) ἀποσημαίνω (aposēmaínō) δῐᾰσημαίνω (diasēmaínō) ἐκσημαίνω (eksēmaínō) ἐνσημαίνω (ensēmaínō) ἐπῐσημαίνω (episēmaínō) κᾰτᾰσημαίνομαι (katasēmaínomai) πᾰρᾰσημαίνομαι (parasēmaínomai) προσημαίνω (prosēmaínō) προσσημαίνω (prossēmaínō) σῠσσημαίνω (sussēmaínō) ὑποσημαίνω (huposēmaínō) Related terms[edit] σήμανσῐς (sḗmansis) σημαντέος (sēmantéos) σημαντήρ (sēmantḗr) σημαντήρῐον (sēmantḗrion) σημαντῐκός (sēmantikós) σημαντός (sēmantós) σημάντριον (sēmántrion) σημαντρίς (sēmantrís) σήμαντρον (sḗmantron) σημάντωρ (sēmántōr) σημᾰσίᾱ (sēmasíā)
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Related terms[edit] επίσημος (epísimos, “formal, official”) εύσημο n (éfsimo, “certificate of merit”) also, the words and their derivatives: σημάδι n (simádi, “mark, sign”) σημαία f (simaía, “flag”) σημαίνω (simaíno, “mean, signify”) σήμανση f (símansi, “labelling, marking”) σημαντικός (simantikós, “important”) σημασία f (simasía, “meaning”) σημείο n (simeío, “point”) σημειώνω (simeióno, “I mark”)
επίσημος • (epísimos) m (feminine επίσημη, neuter επίσημο)
Adjective
formal, official, authoritative, formal, relating to office or position.
επιτακτικός • (epitaktikós) m (feminine επιτακτική, neuter επιτακτικό)
Adjective
imperative, authoritative, mandatory
σημάδι • (simádi) n (plural σημάδια) Noun mark, sign scar, birthmark omen Synonyms (omen): οιωνός m (oionós) (mark, birthmark): στίγμα n (stígma) (omen): σημείο n (simeío)
ασημάδευτος (asimádeftos, “unscarred; unaimed”)
κακοσημαδιά (kakosimadiá)
σημάδεμα (simádema)
σημαδεμένος (simademénos, “scarred; aimed”, participle)
σημαδιακός (simadiakós)
σημαδούρα (simadoúra)
σημαία • (simaía) f (plural σημαίες) Noun flag banner standard Synonym λάβαρο • (lávaro) n (plural λάβαρα) Noun banner, standard flag from Latin labarum. labarum n (genitive labarī); second declension (military) labarum Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely”). labarum (plural labara) The Roman military standard adopted by Constantine I. The banner was known for its Christian chi-rho sign - ☧.
σημείο • (simeío) n (plural σημεία) Noun sign, mark spot, place (mathematics) point Inherited from Ancient Greek σημεῖον (sēmeîon).
σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension Noun a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time
From σῆμᾰ (sêma, “mark, sign”) + -ῐον (-ion).
SUFFIX
-ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension
Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to (“of”).
-ιος • (-ios) m
Used to form nouns and adjectives indicating origin:
Ευρώπη (Evrópi, “Europe”) + -ιος (-ios) → Ευρωπαίος (Evropaíos, “European”) (noun)
θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + -ιος (-ios) → θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine”) (adjective)
σημειόω • (sēmeióō)
to mark, stamp
to seal (e.g. letters)
to signal
(in middle) to take notice of, honor
(in middle) to interpret as a sign or portent, infer as from a sign
(in middle, medicine) to diagnose, examine
(in middle) to note (for oneself)
Conjugation
From σημεῖον (sēmeîon) + -όω (-causative verb)
-όω • (-óō)
Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
σημείωσῐς • (sēmeíōsis) f (genitive σημειώσεως)
Noun
indication, notice
inference from a sign
(medicine) a remarking or observing of symptoms
(medicine, later) an examination
a visible sign or token, as a banner
σημειόω (sēmeióō) + -σῐς (-action, result, process noun)
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process
σημασία
SEMANTIC - THIS MEANS THAT - SIGNIFICATION
This means that.
“A” means “B”
σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες)
σημασία f (simasía, “meaning”)
(lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word)
Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ―
The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings.
κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense.
μεταφορική σημασία ―
metaphorical/figurative sense.
significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters)
έχει σημασία ― it matters
άνευ σημασίας ― unimportant, meaningless.
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σημᾰσῐ́ᾱ • (sēmasíā) f (genitive σημᾰσῐ́ᾱς); first declension
the giving of a signal or command indication, designation (frequently in grammar) meaning, signification the title of a work by Chrysippus (music) notation the decisive appearance of a disease a mark of the Nile-flood address of a correspondent (in the phrase βασιλικὴ σημασία) a royal insigne or appearance.
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δίνω σημασία (díno simasía, “to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: “to give significance”)
σημαίνω (“to mean, to signify”)
σημαντικός (“important, meaningful”)
σημαίνω - (simple past) σήμανα - (passive) mean, signify ring, sound (nautical) signal
εικών
ICON
Noun
εικών
icon (plural icons)
A religious icon
An image, symbol, picture, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.
(religion, especially Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.
A person or thing that is the best example of a certain profession or some doing.
That man is an icon in the business; he personifies loyalty and good business sense.
(computing) A small picture that represents something (such as an icon on a computer screen which when clicked performs some function.)
(linguistics) A word, character, or sign whose form reflects and is determined by the referent; onomatopoeic words are necessarily all icons. See also symbol and index.
εἰκών • (eikṓn) f (genitive εἰκόνος); third declension Noun figure, image, likeness, portrait image in a mirror, reflection personal description similitude, semblance, phantom pattern, archetype.
Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *weyk-
*weyk-
(“to separate, to choose”)
εἰκῇ • (eikêi) Adverb without cause without planning, heedlessly, rashly, haphazardly without purpose, for no reason vainly, to no avail slightly, moderately. From Proto-Indo-European *weyk-.
Original Word: εἰκών, όνος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: eikón Phonetic Spelling: (i-kone') Definition: an image, statue, representation Usage: an image, likeness, bust. HELPS Word-studies 1504 eikṓn (from 1503 /eíkō, "be like") – properly, "mirror-like representation," referring to what is very close in resemblance (like a "high-definition" projection, as defined by the context). Image (1504 /eikṓn) then exactly reflects its source (what it directly corresponds to). For example, Christ is the very image (1504 /eikṓn, supreme expression) of the Godhead (see 2 Cor 4:4; Col 1:15).
“1504 (eikṓn) assumes a prototype, of which it not merely resembles, but from which it is drawn” (R. Trench). 1504 (eikṓn) then is more than a “shadow”; rather it is a replication (F. F. Bruce, Hebrews, 226; see also Lightfoot at Col 3:10 and 2:21).
Original Word: ἔοικα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eikó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-ko) Definition: be like Usage: I am like, resemble.
Original Word: ἑορτάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: heortazo Phonetic Spelling: (heh-or-tad'-zo) Definition: to be like Usage: I take part in a festival, keep a feast (allegorically).
εικόνισμα • (eikónisma) n (plural εικονίσματα)
Noun
(religion) icon, religious painting”)
εικόνα • (eikóna) f (plural εικόνες)
Noun
picture, image, painting, illustration, portrait
(religion) icon, religious painting.
εικονίδιο • (eikonídio) n (plural εικονίδια)
Noun
(computing) icon.
αγιογραφία • (agiografía) f (plural αγιογραφίες)
Noun
(religion) religious painting, icon
(religion) hagiography.
αγιο- (“holy”) + γράφω (“to write or draw”)
αγιολόγιο • (agiológio) f (plural αγιολόγια)
Noun
(religion) hagiology (a book about saints; such literature in general)
αγιογράφος • (agiográfos) m (plural αγιογράφοι)
Noun
hagiographer
painter of icons.
αγιογράφηση • (agiográfisi) f (plural αγιογραφήσεις)
Noun
decoration of a church (the process of embellishment; especially with icons)
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PREFIX
αγιο- • (agio-)
added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected to saints:
αγιο- + γράφω (“to write”) → αγιογραφία (“hagiography”)
αγιο- + -ποιώ (“to do, verbal ending”) → αγιοποιώ (“to sanctify, to make a saint”)
added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected to churches and holiness:
αγιο- + κλήμα (“vine”) → αγιόκλημα (“honeysuckle”)
αγιο- + -ότητα (“noun ending”) → αγιότητα (“holiness”)
αγιο- + πολίτης (“citizen”) → αγιοπολίτης (“resident of Jerusalem”)
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SUFFIX
-ποιώ • (-poió) n
Suffix
A verbal suffix indicating the production of an action or characteristic: -ise, -ify
Αγγλία (“England”) + -ποιώ → αγγλοποιώ (“to anglicise”)
άγιος (“saint”) + -ποιώ → αγιοποιώ (“to sanctify”)
-ποίηση • (-poíisi) n
Suffix
-ization, -ing (suffix forming nouns denoting a process or its result)
ειδοποιώ (“notify”) + -ποίηση → ειδοποίηση (“notification”)
τέκνο (“offspring”) + -ποίηση → τεκνοποίηση (“bearing children”)
παγκόσμιος (“global”) + -ποίηση → παγκοσμιοποίηση (“globalisation”)
From -ποιώ
-ποιώ • (-poió) n
A verbal suffix indicating the production of an action or characteristic: -ise, -ify
Αγγλία (“England”) + -ποιώ (-to do, make) → αγγλοποιώ (“to anglicise”)
άγιος (“saint”) + -ποιώ (-to do, make) → αγιοποιώ (“to sanctify”)
From the Ancient Greek verb ποιῶ (poiô), ποιέω (poiéō, “to do, to make”).
σύμβολο
SYMBOL
σύμβολο • (sýmvolo) n (plural σύμβολα)
symbol, character, glyph
ἔπω
ἔφη
πες
ῥέω
ρητό
ἐρεῶ
λέω λένε Λες Λέμε λέξη λέγομαι
μιλώ
μιλάω
φῶς
φωτός
φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”) φαίνω φημί infinitive φᾰ́ναι participle φᾱ́ς
καλέω κληθήσῃ καλέσεις καλέσουσιν ἐκάλεσεν καλέσας καλέσαι ἐκάλεσα κληθήσεται κληθήσονται εκκλησία
συζητώ
συζητάω
άγγελος αγγελία άγγελμα διάγγελμα απαγγέλω παραγγελία αγγελιοφόρος
αναφέρομαι εννοώ θυμίζω αποκαλώ ονομάζω
say
λένε
says
λέει
saying
ρητό
say something
πες κάτι
clear
sā
λένε
SAID
ἔπω - he said
ῥέω - to flow, as in speaking a lot.
λέω - talk, say, tell
μιλώ - talk
φημί - shine, bring to light, declare.
φῶς
φωτός
φαίνω
λέγω -lay down to sleep, put an argument to rest.
λαλέω - chatter box.
ἐρεῶ - say, speak, tell
ρητό Saying όπως λέει και το ρητό rare ópos léei kai to ritó as the saying goes
(talk): μιλώ (miló)
(converse): συζητώ (syzitó), κουβεντιάζω (kouventiázo)
(recite): απαγγέλω (apangélo)
(sing): τραγουδώ (tragoudó)
(imagine): φαντάζομαι (fantázomai),
(Think) σκέφτομαι (skéftomai)
(refer to): αναφέρομαι (anaféromai)
(mean, say): εννοώ (ennoó)
(remind of): θυμίζω (thymízo)
(remember): θυμάμαι • (thymámai)
(Remembered): θύμισα • (thýmisa)
(be any good, be worth anything): αξίζω (axízo)
(suggest, advise): προτείνω (proteíno)
(name): ονομάζω (onomázo)
(call): αποκαλώ (apokaló)
(think): νομίζω (nomízo)
προτείνω (suggest, advise): τείνω • (teínō) to stretch, extend to spread to exert, push to the limit, strain
————————————— πες Say! Hey there! Verb πες • (pes) 2nd person singular perfective imperative form of λέω (léo).: "say!"
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DISCUSS - DEBATE - CONVERSE
συζητώ
συζητάω (“discuss, debate, talk over”)
Verb συζητώ • (syzitó) past συζήτησα passive συζητούμαι p‑past συζητήθηκα ppp συζητημένος) a more formal variant of συζητάω (syzitáo)
Verb
συζητώ • (syzitó) (past συζήτησα, passive συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος)
a more formal variant of συζητάω (syzitáo)
Verb
συζητάω • (syzitáo) / συζητώ (past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι/συζητούμαι, p‑past συζητήθηκα, ppp συζητημένος)
discuss, debate, talk over
Noun
συζήτηση • (syzítisi) f (plural συζητήσεις)
dialogue (especially exchange of views)
dialogue, conversation
Noun
συνομιλία • (synomilía) f (plural συνομιλίες)
dialogue, exchange of views
dialogue, conversation
Participle
συζητημένος • (syzitiménos) m (feminine συζητημένη, neuter συζητημένο)
discussed, talked about
Verb
ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος)
ask for, request
seek, look for
(passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after
Verb ζητέω • (zētéō) to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish
Noun
ζήτημα • (zítima) n
matter, issue
question, subject, issue
Noun ζήτησῐς • (zḗtēsis) f (genitive ζητήσεως); third declension the act of seeking, searching for a search inquiry, investigation question
Adjective
ζητητῐκός • (zētētikós) m (feminine ζητητῐκή, neuter ζητητῐκόν); first/second declension
disposed to searching, inquiry
(in masculine, substantive, usually in the plural) Sceptic
(in feminine, substantive) Sceptic philosophy
Synonyms
(look for): ψάχνω (psáchno)
(look for): γυρεύω (gyrévo)
(look for): ερευνώ (erevnó, “investigate”)
Derived terms
ζητούμενος (zitoúmenos, passive present participle)
Compounds:
αναζητάω (anazitáo, “to search for, to rummage”)
αναζητώ (anazitó) to search, to look for
αποζητάω (apozitáo, “seek out, go forth and search”)
αποζητώ (apozitó) (“seek out, go forth and search”)
K (epizitó)
συζητάω (syzitáo, “to discuss, to debate”)
συζητώ (syzitó)
πολυσυζητάω (polysyzitáo)
πολυσυζητώ (polysyzitó)
ψωμοζητάω (psomozitáo)
Related terms
ζήτημα n (zítima)
ζήτηση f (zítisi, “the demand”)
ζητιάνος m (zitiános, “beggar”)
Verb
ζητάω • (zitáo) / ζητώ (past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι/ζητούμαι, p‑past ζητήθηκα, ppp ζητημένος)
ask for, request
Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό.
Zítisa éna potíri neró.
I asked for a glass of water.
Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι’ αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας».
Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi’ aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas».
I am looking for a nice job, so I’ve posted an advertisement: “Requesting position as secretary”.
Ζητώ συγχώρεση.
Zitó synchóresi.
I ask for forgiveness.
seek, look for
Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση.
Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi.
I’m looking for a used car in good condition.
(passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after
Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει.
Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei.
We’re selling lots of umbrellas. The are in demand whenever it rains.
Derived terms[edit] ἀζητητος (azētētos) ἀναζητέω (anazētéō) ἀναζήτησις (anazḗtēsis) ἀντιζητέω (antizētéō) διαζητέω (diazētéō) δυσζήτητος (duszḗtētos) ἐκζητέω (ekzētéō) ἐκζήτησις (ekzḗtēsis) ἐπιζητέω (epizētéō) ἐπιζήτησις (epizḗtēsis) ἐπιζητητέος (epizētētéos) ζηταρετησιάδης (zētaretēsiádēs) ζητεύω (zēteúō) ζήτημα (zḗtēma) ζητησιμος (zētēsimos) ζητήσιμος (zētḗsimos) ζήτησις (zḗtēsis) ζητητέος (zētētéos) ζητητής (zētētḗs) ζητητικός (zētētikós) ζητητός (zētētós) παραζητέω (parazētéō) προσαναζητέω (prosanazētéō) προσεπιζητέω (prosepizētéō) συζητέω (suzētéō) συζήτησις (suzḗtēsis)
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MESSAGE - MESSENGER - ANGEL
άγγελμα
message, announcement, dispatch, annunciation, despatch
διάγγελμα
message
παραγγελία
order, warning, notice, message, errand, forecast
Noun
αγγελιοφόρος • (angeliofóros) m or f (plural αγγελιοφόροι)
messenger, herald
dispatch rider
αγγελία (angelía, “message”) + -φόρος (-fóros, “bearer”)
-φόρος • (-fóros) m
added to a noun to form a new noun for something or someone that, literally or figuratively, carries or bears that first noun:
Noun
αγγελία • (angelía) f (plural αγγελίες)
announcement; advertisement (especially a small one)
Η αγγελία δημοσιεύεται δύο φορές στο κατάλληλο τμήμα του «The Economist».
I angelía dimosiévetai dýo forés sto katállilo tmíma tou «The Economist».
The advertisement shall be inserted on two occasions in the appropriate section of The Economist.
information
message
(Christianity) annunciation
Noun άγγελος • (ángelos) m (plural άγγελοι) angel φύλακας άγγελος ― fýlakas ángelos ― guardian angel άγγελέ μου ― ángelé mou ― my sweetheart (figuratively) a selfless person messenger, news bearer, envoy, herald.
Noun ἄγγελος • (ángelos) m (genitive ᾰ̓γγέλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) a messenger one that announces (later) angel, heavenly spirit
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro)
Noun
𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro)
messenger
Probably a loanword, and probably related to ἄγγαρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”)
whence Latin angarius
Noun
angarius m (genitive angariī or angarī); second declension
courier, messenger
which is probably from an East Asian language. Klein suggests Semitic, cf. 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”) and ܐܓܪܬܐ (ˀeggarṯā, “letter, document”) (from Akkadian, see etymology there); but it could also be from Pre-Greek. Compare also Sanskrit अजिरा (ajirā, “agile, swift”).
Related terms
αγγελάκι n (angeláki, “cherub”, diminutive)
αγγελία f (angelía, “announcement, message”)
αγγελιάζομαι (angeliázomai, “to receive an announcement”)
αγγελική f (angelikí, “angelica”)
αγγελικός (angelikós, “angelic”)
αγγελιαφόρος m (angeliafóros, “messenger”), αγγελιοφόρος (angeliofóros)
αγγέλλω (angéllo, “to announce”)
άγγελμα n (ángelma, “message”)
αγγελόμορφος (angelómorfos, “angelic”)
αγγελοκρούω (angelokroúo, “reveive the knock, view the angel of death, frighten”)
αγγελούδι n (angeloúdi, “little angel”, diminutive)
αγγελτήριο n (angeltírio, “notice, wedding announcement”)
αναγγελία f (anangelía, “notice”)
επαγγελία f (epangelía, “promise”)
Ευαγγελία f (Evangelía, “Evangelia”)
καταγγελία f (katangelía, “complaint, denunciation”)
προάγγελος f (proángelos, “harbinger, precursor”)
From Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”).
The Hellenistic sense angel was a semantic loan from the Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (mal’ach) (“angel” or “messenger of God”).
Noun
מַלְאָךְ • (mal’ákh) m (plural indefinite מַלְאָכִים, singular construct מַלְאַךְ־, plural construct מַלְאֲכֵי־)
angel
(rare) messenger
The only other word from this root in Hebrew is מְלָאכָה (məlāḵā́, “commission, sending → particular occupation, work, business”)
Noun
מְלָאכָה • (məlāḵā́) f (plural indefinite מְלָאכוֹת, singular construct מְלֶאכֶת־, plural construct מְלָאכוֹת־)
sending, commission
occupation, business; work, labor; service
handicrafts
(Jewish law) Any activity forbidden on Shabbat and other holy days
matter, stuff, thing
Hebrew
Etymology
From מְלָאכָה (m’lakhá) + ־וּת (-út) + ־י (-í).
Adjective[edit]
מְלָאכוּתִי • (m’lakhutí) (feminine מְלָאכוּתִית, masculine plural מְלָאכוּתִים or מְלָאכוּתִיִּים, feminine plural מְלָאכוּתִיּוֹת)
artificial; synthetic
Verb 𐎍𐎛𐎋 • (lỉk) (“to send”) Derived terms[edit] 𐎎𐎍𐎀𐎋 (mlảk, “messenger”) 𐎎𐎍𐎀𐎋𐎚 (mlảkt, “message; mission, embassy”)
Noun
ἄγγᾰρος • (ángaros) m (genitive ἀγγᾰ́ρου); second declension
Persian mounted courier, for carrying royal dispatches
Maybe from Old Persian 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎠 (angarā, “missive, letter”)
A reconstructed word which is from Aramaic 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡀 (’engarā)
form of 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’engartā)
variant of 𐡀𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’iggartā)
𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕 , a reconstructed word which is from Aramaic 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡀 (’engarā)
form of 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’engartā) “missive, letter; contract”
variant of 𐡀𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’iggartā) “missive, letter; contract”
𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀
(“engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”)
from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌅 (egirtu, “inscribed tablet; oracle of fate, ambiguous wording; contract, bound deal”)
from 𒄃 (egēru, “to be difficult, to be twisted or locked together; to have a twisted tongue, to be unable to speak against an order”)..
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CALL
καλέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: kaleó Phonetic Spelling: (kal-eh'-o) Definition: to call Usage: (a) I call, summon, invite, (b) I call, name.
κληθήσῃ
will be called
V-FIP-2S
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DIALOGUE
Noun
διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension
conversation, dialogue
Verb
διαλέγω • (dialégō)
I choose, gather, pick (out), select.
Noun
διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension
A conversation, a dialogue.
Verb
δῐᾰλέγομαι • (dialégomai)
I converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.
(philosophy) I practise dialectic, elicit conclusions.
(late) I lecture, discourse.
I speak articulately, write in prose, use a dialect or language.
(euphemistic, Attic) I have intercourse.
I have dealings (with someone).
Noun
δῐᾰ́λεκτος • (diálektos) f (genitive δῐᾰλέκτου); second declension
discourse, conversation
manner of speech, language
dialect, accent
From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I discuss”) + -τος (-adjective)
from δῐᾰ́ (diá, “through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”).
Adjective
δῐᾰλεκτῐκός • (dialektikós) m (feminine δῐᾰλεκτῐκή, neuter δῐᾰλεκτῐκόν); first/second declension (Attic, Koine)
(rare) Conversational
Skilled in dialectic
Dialectical
From διαλέγομαι (“to have a conversation”) + -τῐκός (verbal adjective)
Verb
επιλέγω
from ἐπι- (“on, onto”) + λέγω (“to choose, to say”)
επιλέγω • (epilégo) (past επέλεξα, passive επιλέγομαι)
(transitive, intransitive) choose, select, pick (decide upon from a set of options)
Επέλεξε το πράσινο φόρεμα να φορέσει.
Epélexe to prásino fórema na forései.
She chose the green dress to wear.
Έχεις επιλέξει ακόμα;
Écheis epiléxei akóma?
Have you chosen yet?
(intransitive, rare) conclude (to say in conclusion)
Επιλέγοντας, είπε ότι λυπόταν για ό,τι έκανε.
Epilégontas, eípe óti lypótan gia ó,ti ékane.
Concluding, he said he was sorry for what he did.
(different sense for the present participle) επιλεγόμενος: eponymous
Verb
διαλέγομαι • (dialégomai) passive (past διαλέχτηκα, active διαλέγω)
be chosen, be selected
αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”)
διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”)
διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”)
διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”)
διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”)
διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”)
επίλεκτος (epílektos, “picked, handpicked”)
επιλέξιμος (epiléximos, “eligible, selectable”)
επιλογέας m (epilogéas, “selector, selector dial”)
επιλογή f (epilogí, “choice, selection”)
επίλογος m (epílogos, “epilogue”)
(choose, select): διαλέγω (dialégo)
(conclude): τελειώνω (teleióno), συμπληρώνω (sympliróno)
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SAY - SPEAK - COMMAND - FLOW - TALK - CHATTER - TELL
(Purpose of speech) Tell a story to impart wisdom. Tell a story to entertain. Recount an experience. Give 1st person witness testimony as evidence. This is what I saw. Communicate a grievance. Petition for a gift, favor, grant or bequest. Persuade. Guide - Give directions or instructions, help. Trick, deceive, misguide. Warning / Use caution or beware. Warning / Do not trespass. Do not come closer or else. Teach a subject. Explain a subject. Give a command Ask a question. Ask for help, pray, petition for instructions. Reply with an answer to a question. Request a favor. Request to receive a thing. Convey wisdom.
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ἐρεῶ Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ereó Phonetic Spelling: (er-eh'-o) Definition: call, say, speak of, tell Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command.
Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say – call, say, speak (of), tell.
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ἔπω
Verb
(“he said”)
Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command
A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) – answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego.
see GREEK ereo
see GREEK rheo
see GREEK phemi
see GREEK lego
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ῥέω
Phonetic Spelling: (hreh’-o)
Definition: command, make, say, speak of
From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”).
Cognates include Sanskrit स्रवति (srávati),
Old Church Slavonic строуꙗ (struja, “stream”).
ῥέω • (rhéō) Verb I flow, stream, run, gush (figuratively) I fall off, drop off (of molten objects) I liquefy, run I am in perpetual flux (of persons) I am inclined to, given to I leak I have a flux (diarrhea-causing disease) (impersonal) (transitive, rare) I let flow, pour (transitive, with cognate accusative) I let run
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λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. HELPS Word-studies 3004 légō (originally, "lay down to sleep," used later of "laying an argument to rest," i.e. bringing a message to closure; see Curtius, Thayer) – properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, "laying it to rest").
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φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare.
5346 phēmí (from phaō, “shine”) – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, “produce an epiphany”).
λαλέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: laleó Phonetic Spelling: (lal-eh'-o) Definition: to talk To Chatter, chatter box Usage: (I talk, chatter in classical Greek, but in NT a more dignified word) I speak, say.
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λέω
λέω • (léo) (simple past είπα, passive λέγομαι)
Verb
(most senses) say, tell
Tο παιδί είπε την πρώτη του λέξη.― The child said his first word.
Ο διευθυντής μου είπε ότι πρέπει να τελειώνουμε.― The director told me that we should finish.
(transitive) discuss, converse
Τα λένε μεταξύ τους.― They are discussing.
Καιρό έχουμε να τα πούμε.― It’s been a while since we talked.
recite, tell, recount, sing (a poem, song, etc)
Το παιδάκι είπε ένα τραγούδι.― The child sang a song.
Να τα πούμε; ― Shall we sing them? (phrase used by Greek children carolling door to door around the New Year)
(often in imperative) suppose, imagine (a hypothetical scenario)
Λέμε τώρα, αν γινόταν πόλεμος.― We’re supposing now, if there were a war.
Πες πώς κάτι γινόταν. Τι θα έκανες; ―Let’s say something happened. What would you do?
(intransitive, often with για) refer to, talk about
Λες για τον φίλο σου τώρα; ―
Are you talking about your friend now?
(transitive) mean, say (to clarify etc)
Θέλω να πω ότι δεν είναι τόσο απλά τα πράγματα. ―
Thélo na po óti den eínai tóso aplá ta prágmata. ―
I mean that things aren’t that simple.
Τι θα πει, «ξέχασα τις ασκήσεις μου»; ―
Ti tha pei, «xéchasa tis askíseis mou»? ―
What do you mean, “I forgot my homework”?
(intransitive, figuratively) remind of, mean something to
Αυτό το όνομα δε μου λέει τίποτα. ―
Aftó to ónoma de mou léei típota. ―
That name means nothing to me.
(intransitive, figuratively) be any good, be worth anything
Λέει τίποτα αυτό το κομπιούτερ; ―
Léei típota aftó to kompioúter? ―
Is this computer any good?
(intransitive) suggest, advise
Λέω να πάμε μια βόλτα. ―
Léo na páme mia vólta. ―
I say that we should go for a walk.
(transitive) call (name someone or something)
Με λένε Γιώργο. ― Me léne Giórgo. ― I am called Giorgos.
Τον είπα βλάκα. ― Ton eípa vláka. ― I called him a fool.
used with δεν, indicates something is slow to come:
Αυτή η μέρα δεν λέει να τελειώσει. ―
Aftí i méra den léei na teleiósei. ―
This day doesn’t want to end.
(intransitive, often with να) think (something will happen)
Λες να μας προδώσει; ―
Les na mas prodósei? ―
Do you think he’ll betray us?
(transitive, colloquial) read, explain (fortell using cards etc.)
πούμε • (poúme)
1st person plural dependent form of λέω (léo)
Derived terms
πρωτολέω (protoléo, “say for the first time”)
and see Derivatives of λέγω
Expressions:
εγώ τα λέω, εγώ τα ακούω (egó ta léo, egó ta akoúo, “I might as well be talking to the wall”, literally “I say it, I hear it”)
(για) να λέμε και του στραβού το δίκιο ((gia) na léme kai tou stravoú to díkio, “speaking honestly”)
εδώ που τα λέμε (edó pou ta léme) (beginning of a phrase showing admission or confession)
είπε ο γάιδαρος τον πετεινό κεφάλα (eípe o gáidaros ton peteinó kefála, “the pot calling the kettle black”, literally “The donkey called the rooster ‘big head’”)
εμένα μου λες; (eména mou les?, “you’re telling me!”) (expressing disbelief, doubt)
έχουμε και λέμε (échoume kai léme)
θέλω να πω (thélo na po, “I mean”)
και θα πεις κι ένα τραγούδι (kai tha peis ki éna tragoúdi, “you will do it anyway”)
κάτι μας είπες (τώρα)! (káti mas eípes (tóra)!) (on being told a well-known fact)
λεγόμενος (legómenos, “so-called”)
λες και (les kai, “as if”, literally “say and”)
λέω τα σύκα σύκα και τη σκάφη σκάφη (léo ta sýka sýka kai ti skáfi skáfi, “(lit: calling figs figs, and a trough a trough) call a spade a spade”)
σου ‘πα, μου ‘πες (sou ‘pa, mou ‘pes, “this and that”) (evasive)
τα λέμε (ta léme, “see you, bye”, literally “We say them”)
τα λέω στον τοίχο (ta léo ston toícho, “I might as well be talking to the wall”)
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μιλώ
μιλώ • (miló)
μίλησα - simple past
μιλιέμαι - passive
(most senses) speak, talk
Ας μιλάμε στον ενικό! ― Let’s talk in the singular!
Μιλάτε αγγλικά; ― Do you speak English?
μιλιούνται
To be on speaking terms, talking to one another.
(intransitive, in passive) be on speaking terms, have friendly relations.
Για κάποιο λόγο, δε μιλιούνται μεταξύ τους. ― For some reason, they don’t have friendly relations.
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φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. HELPS Word-studies 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany").
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φῶς
φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ.
cont. of phaos (light, daylight); from the same as phainó
φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind.
Reason, mind; the power of understanding especially moral and spiritual truth
Open to view for all to see. Public.
φαίνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: phainó
Phonetic Spelling: (fah’-ee-no)
Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear
Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as.
φῶτα
φῶτα (phōta) — 1 Occurrence
Acts 16:29 N-ANP
GRK: αἰτήσας δὲ φῶτα εἰσεπήδησεν καὶ
NAS: And he called for lights and rushed
KJV: he called for a light, and sprang in,
INT: Having asked for moreover lights he rushed in and
φώτων
φώτων (phōtōn) — 1 Occurrence
James 1:17 N-GNP
GRK: πατρὸς τῶν φώτων παρ’ ᾧ
NAS: from the Father of lights, with whom
KJV: from the Father of lights, with whom
INT: Father of lights with whom
φωτὸς φωτὸς (phōtos) — 14 Occurrences Luke 16:8 N-GNS GRK: υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς εἰς τὴν NAS: than the sons of light. KJV: than the children of light. INT: sons of the light in the John 1:7 N-GNS GRK: περὶ τοῦ φωτός ἵνα πάντες NAS: about the Light, so KJV: bear witness of the Light, that all INT: concerning the light that all
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Verb
λέω • (léo) (past είπα, passive λέγομαι)
(most senses) say, tell
Verb
λένε • (léne)
3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: “they say”
Verb
λεν • (len)
3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: “they say”
Verb
λέγουν • (légoun)
3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: “they say”
Verb
λέγουνε • (légoune)
3rd person plural present form of λέω (léo).: “they say”
From Ancient Greek λέγω (“say”)
Verb λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice)
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Phrase
με λένε … • (me léne …)
they call me … (literal translation)
my name is …
Synonyms[edit]
το όνομά μου είναι … (to ónomá mou eínai …, “my name is …”)
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VOICE
see: φωνή n (foní, “sound, voice”)
φωνή • (foní) f (plural φωνές)
voice, sound
(music) voice, note
(grammar, linguistics) voice
ενεργητική φωνή ― energitikí foní ― active voice
παθητική φωνή ― pathitikí foní ― passive voice
μέση φωνή ― mési foní ― middle voice
μεσοπαθητική φωνή ― mesopathitikí foní ― mediopassive voice
Noun φωνή • (phōnḗ) f (genitive φωνῆς); first declension sound Usually of the human voice: voice, cry, yell The voice or cry of animals Any articulate sound (especially vowels) speech, discourse language
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoh₂-néh₂, from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”)
whence φημί (phēmí, “to say, speak”)
φωνητικός • (fonitikós) m (feminine φωνητική, neuter φωνητικό)
Adjective
vocal (pertaining to the voice or speech; uttered or modulated by the voice)
φωνητικές χορδές, φωνητική μουσική
fonitikés chordés, fonitikí mousikí
vocal cords, vocal music
phonetic
From Ancient Greek φωνητικός (phōnētikós)
from φωνητoς (phōnētos, “to be spoken”)
from φωνέω (phōnéō, “I speak, produce a sound”) + -τικός (-tikós).
Noun
φωνητική • (fonitikí) f (uncountable)
(linguistics) phonetics
Verb φημί • (phēmí) I speak, say. I think (of an author) I write (φησί (phēsí) or ἔφη (éphē) used when quoting, sometimes after another verb of saying) I say yes, agree, affirm, assert (with οὐ (ou)) I say no, deny, refuse (φημί (phēmí) or οὕτως φημί (hoútōs phēmí) as interjection) yes, I would say so
Verb
ἔφη • (éphē)
third-person singular imperfect indicative active of φημί (phēmí)
Synonyms
λέγω (légō, “say, speak”)[2][3]
ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in the assembly”)[2][3]
ἀδολεσχέω (adoleskhéō, “to talk idly, prate”)[2][3]
δημηγορέω (dēmēgoréō, “to speak in the assembly; to make popular speeches”)[2]
διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.”)[3]
λαλέω (laléō, “to talk, chat, prattle”)[2][3]
ληρέω (lēréō, “to speak foolishly”)[2]
μυθέομαι (muthéomai, “say, tell”)[2]
ὑθλέω (huthléō, “talk nonsense, trifle, prate”)[2]
φάσκω (pháskō, “to declare, state, affirm”)[2][3]
φλυαρέω (phluaréō, “to talk nonsense”)[2][3]
φράζω (phrázō, “to make known, point out, intimate, show; to tell, declare; to explain, interpret; to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order”)[
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PHRAZE
Verb
φρᾰ́ζω • (phrázō)
to make known, point out, intimate, show
to tell, declare
to explain, interpret
to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order
(middle) to think, consider, ponder, muse
(middle) to devise, plan, design, intend
(middle) to think, suppose, believe, imagine that
(middle) to remark, perceive, notice
(middle) to come to know, learn, become acquainted with, see, understand
(middle) to observe, watch, guard
(middle) to mind, heed, take care, beware of
Derived terms φρᾰ́σις (phrásis) φρᾰστέον (phrastéon) φρᾰστήρ (phrastḗr) φρᾰ́στης (phrástēs) φρᾰστῐκός (phrastikós) φρᾰ́στωρ (phrástōr) Θεόφραστος (Theóphrastos) Related terms[edit] φρᾰδή (phradḗ) φρᾰδής (phradḗs)
Might be related to φρήν (phrḗn, “wits, will”).
Noun
φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension
(often in the plural) The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast
The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger
The seat of intellect, wits, mind
will, purpose
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”)
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λέγω (légō, “say, speak”)
ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in the assembly”)
ἀδολεσχέω (adoleskhéō, “to talk idly, prate”)
δημηγορέω (dēmēgoréō, “to speak in the assembly; to make popular speeches”)
διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.”)
λαλέω (laléō, “to talk, chat, prattle”)
ληρέω (lēréō, “to speak foolishly”)
μυθέομαι (muthéomai, “say, tell”)
ὑθλέω (huthléō, “talk nonsense, trifle, prate”)
φάσκω (pháskō, “to declare, state, affirm”)
φλυαρέω (phluaréō, “to talk nonsense”)
φράζω (phrázō, “to make known, point out, intimate, show; to tell, declare; to explain, interpret; to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order”
ἀντίφημι (antíphēmi) ἀπόφημι (apóphēmi) ἔκφημι (ékphēmi) κατάφημι (katáphēmi) μετάφημι (metáphēmi) παράφημι (paráphēmi) πρόσφημι (prósphēmi) σύμφημι (súmphēmi) φάσις (phásis)
φάτις (phátis, “rumour, news, speech”)
φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”)
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ἔπω ῥέω λέω μιλώ φαίνω ἐρεῶ πες φημί ἔφη
λέω λένε Λες Λέμε λέξη λέγομαι
φημί
ἔφη
φῶς
φωτός
φαίνω
ἐρεῶ συζητώ απαγγέλω αναφέρομαι εννοώ θυμίζω αποκαλώ ονομάζω
say
λένε
says
λέει
saying
ρητό
say something
πες κάτι
clear
sā
λένε
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μιλάω • (miláo) / μιλώ (imperfect μιλούσα/μίλαγα, past μίλησα, passive μιλιέμαι, p‑past μιλήθηκα, ppp μιλημένος)
(most senses) speak, talk
Ας μιλάμε στον ενικό!
As miláme ston enikó!
Let’s talk in the singular!
Μιλάτε αγγλικά;
Miláte angliká?
Do you speak English?
(intransitive, in passive) have friendly relations, be on speaking terms
Για κάποιο λόγο, δε μιλιούνται μεταξύ τους.
Gia kápoio lógo, de milioúntai metaxý tous.
For some reason, they don’t have friendly relations.
Derived terms
Μιλάτε αγγλικά; (Miláte angliká?, “Do you speak English?”)†
Μιλάς αγγλικά; (Milás angliká?, “Do you speak English?”)†
Μιλάτε πιο σιγά, παρακαλώ. (Miláte pio sigá, parakaló., “Please speak more slowly.”)
Compounds of the verb -and see their derivatives-
αγριομιλάω (agriomiláo), αγριομιλώ (agriomiló, “I speak harshly”)
αντιμιλάω (antimiláo), αντιμιλώ
γλυκομιλάω (glykomiláo, “I speak sweetly”), γλυκομιλώ
κακομιλάω (kakomiláo, “I speak abrupty, harshly”), κακομιλώ
καλομιλάω (kalomiláo, “I speak kindly”), καλομιλώ
κρυφομιλάω (kryfomiláo, “I speak secretly”), κρυφομιλώ
ξαναμιλάω (xanamiláo, “I speak again”), ξαναμιλώ
παραμιλάω (paramiláo), παραμιλώ
πολυμιλάω (polymiláo, “I speak too much”), πολυμιλώ
πρωτομιλάω (protomiláo, “I speak for the first time”), πρωτομιλώ
Related terms
ακριβομίλητος (akrivomílitos, “speaking rarely”)
αμίλητος (amílitos, “silent”)
αντιμίλημα n (antimílima, “contradiction, answer back”)
αντιμιλώ (antimiló, “to contradict”)
λιγομίλητος (ligomílitos)
μίλημα n (mílima, “advice, instruction”)
μιλημένος (miliménos, participle)
μιλητός (militós, “hateful”, adjective)
μιλιά f (miliá)
and see: ομιλώ (omiló) for words with ομιλ-
Verb
ὁμιλῶ • (homilô)
to be with someone, to keep someone company.
(Byzantine) to talk, to converse.
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φημί
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”).
Verb
*bʰéh₂ti (imperfective)
to speak, to be talking
Proto-Indo-European
Root[edit]
*bʰeh₂- (imperfective)
to shine, glow light
Cognates: Ancient Greek: φαῦος (phaûos), φάος (pháos)
φάος • (pháos) n (genitive φᾰ́εος); third declension light, especially daylight the light of a torch, fire, a light of the light or time of day (poetic) the life of men a day the light of the eyes a window (figuratively or poetic) delight, deliverance, happiness, victory, glory, etc.
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”).
Compare φαεινός (phaeinós), φάω (pháō), and φαίνω (phaínō).
Cognates include Latin iubar (“radiance, light”);
Sanskrit भास् (bhās, “light, brilliance”) and भास (bhāsa, “luster, light”)
and Old English basu (“purple”).
Noun iubar n (genitive iubaris); third declension radiance of celestial bodies, light, splendor, sunshine (figuratively) a splendid appearance, glory, splendor
From Proto-Indo-European *dyew-bʰeh₂-es- (“bringing the light of daytime”, literally “sky-shining”)
from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”)
whence Latin diēs (“day”)
and *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”)
whence Ancient Greek φάος (pháos, “light”)
Verb φημί • (phēmí) I speak, say. I think (of an author) I write (φησί (phēsí) or ἔφη (éphē) used when quoting, sometimes after another verb of saying) I say yes, agree, affirm, assert (with οὐ (ou)) I say no, deny, refuse (φημί (phēmí) or οὕτως φημί (hoútōs phēmí) as interjection) yes, I would say so
Verb
ἔφη • (éphē)
third-person singular imperfect indicative active of φημί (phēmí)
(“He is saying”)
λέγω (légō, “say, speak”)
ἀγορεύω (agoreúō, “to speak in the assembly”)
ἀδολεσχέω (adoleskhéō, “to talk idly, prate”)
δημηγορέω (dēmēgoréō, “to speak in the assembly; to make popular speeches”)
διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue.”)
λαλέω (laléō, “to talk, chat, prattle”)
ληρέω (lēréō, “to speak foolishly”)
μυθέομαι (muthéomai, “say, tell”)
ὑθλέω (huthléō, “talk nonsense, trifle, prate”)
φάσκω (pháskō, “to declare, state, affirm”)
φλυαρέω (phluaréō, “to talk nonsense”)
φράζω (phrázō, “to make known, point out, intimate, show; to tell, declare; to explain, interpret; to counsel, advise, suggest, bid, order”)
φάτις (phátis, “rumour, news, speech”)
φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”)
Verb
μετάφημι • (metáphēmi)
(Epic) to speak among or to
σφραγίδα
SIGILLI - SEAL
σφραγίδα • (sfragída) f (plural σφραγίδες)
stamp (indentation or imprint made by stamping)
sigil
sigil (plural sigils)
Noun
A seal, signature or signet.
An occult or magical sign, image or symbol.
(programming) A nonalphanumeric character affixed to a symbol (e.g. variable) to indicate a property such as type or scope.
sigil m (plural sigils) secrecy
Borrowed from Latin sigillum. Doublet of segell.
sigillum (plural sigilla)
(law, historical) A seal.
From signum (“sign”) + -ulum (diminutive suffix)
sigillum n (genitive sigillī); second declension
figurine, statuette
seal
sīgnum n (genitive sīgnī); second declension
a sign, mark, emblem
a miracle
a statue
(Medieval Latin) a signum (medieval tower bell used particularly for ringing the 8 canonical hours)
(Medieval Latin) the cross of Jesus Christ & Christianity.
From in- (“within”) + signum (“a sign, an emblem”) + -is (suffix forming an adjective); so formed because the subject qualified by this adjective has been revealed, specifically by means of a sign, to be exceptional relative to ordinary examples of its kind.
īnsīgnis (neuter īnsīgne, comparative īnsīgnior, superlative īnsīgnissimus, adverb īnsigniter); third-declension two-termination adjective
- Fundamentally, differentiated from that which is ordinary: exceptional, extraordinary, notable, outstanding, remarkable, striking.
- Known and esteemed: celebrated, distinguished, famous, noted, renowned
īnsigne (“a distinctive mark”, noun)
īnsigniō (“to mark”, verb)
īnsigniter (“remarkably”, adverb)
Synonyms: conspicuus, distinctus, famosus, secretus
From Latin īnsignis (“remarkable”)
of an exalted social class or rank: aristocratic, “highborn”, noble.
From Proto-Italic *seknom
from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”).
sīgnifex m (genitive sīgnificis); third declension
an image-maker, carver, statuary
sīgnificō (present infinitive sīgnificāre, perfect active sīgnificāvī, supine sīgnificātum); first conjugation I show, express, signify, point out I portend, prognosticate I call, name I mean, import
sīgnificātiō f (genitive sīgnificātiōnis); third declension
signal, sign, mark, token
applause
meaning, import
From significō + -tiō (result noun)
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SUFFIX
-fex (“suffix representing a maker or producer”). From sign(i) (“mark, sign”) + -fex (“suffix representing a maker or producer”).
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension
-tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to a verb (usually a participle form) to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
gradātiō (“making of a staircase or steps”), from gradus (“step, pace”).
-tus (feminine -ta, neuter -tum); first/second-declension suffix
Forms the past participle of verbs.
Forms adjectives having the sense “provided with”.
iūs (“law, legality; equity, the right, justice”) → iūstus (“lawful, legal; equitable, rightful, just”)
onus (“a burden or load, especially one excessive in magnitude”) → onustus (“burdened”, “heavily laden”, “overencumbered by a load”)
from Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).
āctus (feminine ācta, neuter āctum); first/second-declension participle
made, done, having been done.
From agō (“do, make, drive”) + -tus (“suffix forming fourth declension action nouns from verbs”).
χαρακτήρας
CHARACTER
χαρακτήρας • (charaktíras) m (plural χαρακτήρες) Noun character (the qualities which identify a person) (psychology) character (a person's behaviours which identify them) (typography) character, letter, symbol.
χαρακτήρες m pl (“characters”)
χᾰρᾰ́σσω • (kharássō)
to sharpen
to engrave, carve, write, draw, stamp
χάραξ • (khárax) m or f (genitive χάρᾰκος); third declension
pointed stake
pole, vine prop
Synonym: κάμαξ (kámax)
pale used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp
palisade
Synonym: σκόλοψ (skólops)
cutting, slip
a kind of bream of the genus Sargus
name of a bandage
Noun χᾰ́ρᾰγμᾰ • (kháragma) n (genitive χᾰρᾰ́γμᾰτος); third declension any engraved, imprinted or branded mark stamped money, coin (figuratively) mark, stamp, character endorsement
From χᾰρᾰ́σσω (“to stamp, engrave, carve”) + -μα (result, instance or object of an action).
-μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension
Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action.
Noun χᾰρᾰκτήρ • (kharaktḗr) m (genitive χᾰρᾰκτῆρος); third declension instrument used for engraving person who engraves, engraver impress, stamp, seal reproduction, representation figure, letter, character characteristic, character style
From χαράσσω (“I scratch, engrave”) + -τήρ (agent noun suffix).
λᾰβέ
λαμβάνω
λαβαίνω
έλαβα
λάφυρο
καταλαμβάνω
GET - I GET IT - RECEIVE - SEIZE - TAKE - COMPREHEND
λᾰβέ • (labé)
second-person singular aorist active imperative of λᾰμβᾰ́νω (lambánō)
λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι)
get, receive
take
(figuratively) understand, get
λαβαίνω • (lavaíno)
έλαβα - past tense
Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno)
λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize (of a god) I possess (of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand (logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure I check myself
λάφυρα • (láfyra) n
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of λάφυρο.
λάφυρο • (láfyro) n (plural λάφυρα)
item of loot or plunder.
(in the plural) spoils, spoils of war.
καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.)
καταλαμβάνω • (katalamváno) past κατέλαβα passive καταλαμβάνομαι seize, capture, acquire sovereignty (crime) detect understand, grasp (possibly incorrectly)
Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning, this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”) and καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”).
καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno) (past κατάλαβα, passive —)
understand, realise
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Derived terms ἀκανθολᾰ́βος (akantholábos) ἄληπτος (álēptos) ἀμφῐλαμβᾰ́νω (amphilambánō) ἐργόλᾰβος (ergólabos) εὐλᾰβής (eulabḗs) κᾰτᾰλαμβᾰ́νω (katalambánō) μεσόλᾰβος (mesólabos) μετᾰλαμβᾰ́νω (metalambánō) μολὼν λαβέ (molṑn labé)
Derived terms ἀντικαταλαμβάνω (antikatalambánō) ἀποκαταλαμβάνω (apokatalambánō) ἐγκαταλαμβάνω (enkatalambánō) καταλαβή (katalabḗ) καταληπτέος (katalēptéos) καταληπτήρ (katalēptḗr) κατάληψις (katálēpsis) περικαταλαμβάνω (perikatalambánō) προκαταλαμβάνω (prokatalambánō)
ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”)
αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”)
απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”)
καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”)
καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”)
λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”)_
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SYNONYM
παίρνω
from Ancient Greek ἐπαίρω (epaírō, “to lift up, to rouse”)
Verb
παίρνω • (paírno) (past πήρα, passive παίρνομαι)
take, get, move
Παίρνω λαχανικά από το σουπερμάρκετ.― I get vegetables from the supermarket.
Παίρνω τρεις εβδομάδες άδεια το χρόνο.― I take three weeks leave a year.
Ο πατέρας μου παίρνει πέντε χάπια κάθε μέρα.― My father takes five pills every day.
Παίρνει το σκουπίδι από το πάτωμα.― He picks up the rubbish from the floor.
Η κυβέρνηση θα πάρει πιο τολμηρά μέτρα.― The government will take bolder measures.
gain
Παίρνω 1 κιλό το μήνα.― I put on 1 kilo a month.
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λᾰ́φῡρᾰ • (láphūra) n pl (genitive λᾰφῡ́ρων); second declension
spoils taken in war, pillage, booty
Synonym: σκῦλα (skûla)
σκῦλα • (skûla) n pl (genitive σκῡ́λων); second declension
(plural only) spoils, weapons stripped off a slain enemy
booty, plunder, prey.
from the same root of σκύλλω (skúllō, “to lacerate”).
λαμβάνω
καταλαβαίνω
καταλαμβάνω
κατανοώ
UNDERSTAND
κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα)
understand
Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.
Phrase
δεν καταλαβαίνω • (den katalavaíno)
I don’t understand.
λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι)
get, receive
take
(figuratively) understand, get
ανακαταλαμβάνω • (anakatalamváno) (past ανακατέλαβα, passive ανακαταλαμβάνομαι)
(military) recapture, retake
αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (past αντιλήφθηκα)
realise, understand, see through
anakatalamváno, “to recapture”)
αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”)
απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”)
καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”)
καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”)
λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”)
μολὼν λαβέ
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Ancient Greek
Greek Wikipedia has an article on:
μολών λαβέ
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Molon labe
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /mo.lɔ̀ːn la.bé/ → /moˈlon laˈβe/ → /moˈlon laˈve/
Phrase[edit]
μολὼν λαβέ • (molṑn labé)
“come and take [them]” (in response to the Persian army’s demand that the Spartans surrender their weapons at the Battle of Thermopylae).
μοντέλο (Model)
πατρόν (Pattern)
καλούπι ( Mold)
τύπος / πρότυπο (Template)
χνάρι (Imprint)
σχέδιο / προσχέδιο (Drawing / Blueprint / Rough Draft)
σκίτσο (Sketch)
γράφω (Write)
MODELS / (Business Model)
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MODEL
μοντέλο • (montélo) n (plural μοντέλα)
(design) model (mock-up of an intended object)
(art) model (for artist, sculptor, etc)
(manufacturing) model (version of a product)
(fashion) model, manikin, mannequin
Synonym: μοντέλο (montélo)
(figuratively) puppet, stooge
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MOLD
Noun
καλούπι • (kaloúpi) n
mould (UK), mold (US) (anything in/around which something is formed/shaped)
(construction) shuttering, formwork
Verb
καλουπώνω • (kaloupóno) (past καλούπωσα, passive καλουπώνομαι)
(construction) construct formwork or shuttering
cast (concrete etc)
Synonym: μήτρα Noun μήτρα • (mítra) f (plural μήτρες) (anatomy) womb (mathematics) matrix mold (anything around or on which something is formed or shaped)
see: μητέρα f (mitéra, “mother”)
Noun μήτρᾱ • (mḗtrā) f (genitive μήτρᾱς); first declension womb paunch, rumen (figuratively) source, origin the pith or heart of wood a queen wasp
Synonyms
(mould): καλούπι n (kaloúpi)
see: μητέρα f (mitéra, “mother”)
Noun
μήτηρ • (mḗtēr) f (genitive μητέρος or μητρός); third declension
mother
source or origin
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ITALIAN - MODEL
modello m (plural modelli, feminine modella) model mould, mold pattern (fashion) (male) model blueprint mockup template
modello (plural modellos or modelli)
A preparatory sketch or study for a painting or other artwork.
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IMITATION - REPLICA - FORGERY - FAKE
μιμούμαι
Imitate
μίμηση
Imitate
απομίμηση • (apomímisi) f (plural απομιμήσεις)
NOUN
fake, forgery
imitation, replica
απομιμούμαι (apomimoúmai, “to simulate, to fake”)
απομιμούμαι • (apomimoúmai) deponent (past απομιμήθηκα)
Verb
To simulate, imitate (with precision)
forge, fake
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SKETCH / DRAWING
σκίτσο • (skítso) n (plural σκίτσα)
sketch, cartoon
σχέδιο • (schédio) n (plural σχέδια)
NOUN
design, plan, drawing, pattern (representation of something on paper, etc)
draft (early version)
design, planning (action or taught subject)
plan (for future activities)
σχεδίαση f (“the drawing itself”) σχεδιάγραμμα n (“a drawing”) εκτός σχεδίου (“outside of the urban planning area”, adj) σχεδιαστής m (“draughtsman, designer”) σχεδιάστρια f (“draughtswoman, designer”) σχεδιαστήριο n (“drawing board”) σχεδιάζω (“to draw, design”) σχεδιάζομαι (“to be drawn, designed”)
σχεδιαστής • (schediastís) m (plural σχεδιαστές, feminine σχεδιάστρια)
Noun - masculine
designer, drawer, draughtsman
σχεδιάστρια • (schediástria) f (plural σχεδιάστριες, masculine σχεδιαστής)
Noun - feminine
designer, drawer, draughtswoman
σχεδιάζω • (schediázo) (past σχεδίασα)
Verb
draw, design, plan
σχεδιαστήριο • (schediastírio) n (plural σχεδιαστήρια)
Noun
drawing board, drafting table
drawing office
ζωγραφίζω • (zografízo) (past ζωγράφισα, passive ζωγραφίζομαι)
Verb
(art) draw, paint
(figuratively) perform a task with virtuosity
(figuratively) recount, describe
Ζωγράφισε μια ζοφερή εικόνα της κατάστασης. ― He painted a grim picture of the situation.
————————————————-
δείχνω • (deíchno) (past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai)
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WRITE
γράφω • (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι)
write, pen
record
issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc)
αντιγράφω • (antigráfo) (past αντέγραψα, passive αντιγράφομαι)
copy, copy out, reproduce a document
cheat (in examinations)
(figuratively) copy, mimic
αντιγράφω (antigráfo, “to copy, to cheat”)
εγγράφω (engráfo, “enrol, register”)
επιγράφω (epigráfo, “inscribe, entitle”)
σκηνογραφώ (skinografó, “direct film or play”)
συγγράφω (syngráfo, “to write (a book, etc), to author”)
υπογράφω (ypográfo, “to sign”)
ξεγράφω (xegráfo, “strike out”)
——————————————-
PREFIX
ξε-
With ξε- (“un-”) + -γράφω (“write”).
ξεγράφω • (xegráfo) (past ξέγραψα, passive ξεγράφομαι)
Verb
strike out, erase, rub out (remove from being written)
Δεν θα λάβει μέρος. Τον ξέγραψα από τον κατάλογο των διαγωνιζομένων.
He will not participate. I erased him (his name) from the list of contestants.
(figuratively) write off, scrub from memory, no longer count as, no longer consider
Πήγε μετανάστης στην Αμερική και δεν ξαναγύρισε. Τον ξεγράψαμε.
He went as an immigrant to America and never came back. We’ve written him off.
Φέρθηκε απαίσια. Τον έχω ξεγράψει από φίλο.― He behaved terribly. I no longer count him as a friend.
(figuratively, of health) lose every hope, give up on
Οι γιατροί τον έχουν ξεγράψει. ― Doctors have given him up for dead.
ἐκγρᾰ́φω (ekgráphō, “copy”).
σχέδιο
σχεδιάζω
SCHEME - DESIGN - PLAN - DRAWING - BLUEPRINT - DRAFT
Schematic Drawing
Noun
σχέδιο • (schédio) n (plural σχέδια)
design, plan, drawing, pattern (representation of something on paper, etc)
draft (early version)
design, planning (action or taught subject)
plan (for future activities)
Verb
σχεδιάζω • (schediázo) (past σχεδίασα, passive σχεδιάζομαι, p‑past σχεδιάστηκα, ppp σχεδιασμένος)
draw, design, plan
Noun
σχεδιαστήριο • (schediastírio) n (plural σχεδιαστήρια)
drawing board, drafting table
drawing office
Noun
σχεδιαστής • (schediastís) m (plural σχεδιαστές, feminine σχεδιάστρια)
designer, drawer, draughtsman
Noun
σχεδιάστρια • (schediástria) f (plural σχεδιάστριες, masculine σχεδιαστής)
designer, drawer, draughtswoman
Noun
αντισχέδιο • (antischédio) n (plural αντισχέδια)
counterplan
Antonym: σχέδιο (schédio)
Noun
σχεδῐ́ᾰσμᾰ • (skhedíasma) n (genitive σχεδῐᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension
freak, whim, caprice
caprice (plural caprices)
An impulsive, seemingly unmotivated action, change of mind, or notion; a whim.
An unpredictable or sudden condition, change, or series of changes.
A disposition to be impulsive.
from caporiccio (“fright, sudden start”): capo (“head”), from Latin caput + riccio (“curly”)
Noun
caprice m (plural caprices)
whim; wish
tantrum
English design.
Learnedly, from Ancient Greek σχεδιάζω (“do a thing offhand”)
from σχέδιον (skhédion)
neuter of σχέδιος (skhédios, “casual, offhand”).
Synonyms
σχεδίαση f (schedíasi, “drawing”)
σχεδιάγραμμα n (schediágramma, “drawing”)
Related terms[edit]
εκτός σχεδίου (ektós schedíou, “outside of the urban planning area”, adj)
σχεδιαστής m (schediastís, “draughtsman, designer”)
σχεδιάστρια f (schediástria, “draughtswoman, designer”)
σχεδιαστήριο n (schediastírio, “drawing board”)
σχεδιάζω (schediázo, “to draw, design”)
σχεδιάζομαι (schediázomai, “to be drawn, designed”)
αυτοσχεδιάζω (aftoschediázo, “improvise”)
προσχεδιάζω (proschediázo, “plan beforehand”)
ζωγραφίζω (zografízo, “to paint”)
Verb
ζωγραφίζω • (zografízo) (past ζωγράφισα, passive ζωγραφίζομαι)
(art) draw, paint
Synonym: σχεδιάζω (schediázo)
(figuratively) perform a task with virtuosity
(figuratively) recount, describe
Ζωγράφισε μια ζοφερή εικόνα της κατάστασης.
Zográfise mia zoferí eikóna tis katástasis.
He painted a grim picture of the situation.
σχεδιάζω
Verb
design
Representation of an object on paper or other surface using lines, usually scale
the art of drawing and the lesson that teaches this art
Δωσε gave exams in linear and freehand drawing
motif
Σε observed the patterns of knitting on the weave
draft
Or I have written something, but it is still just a plan; it will take a lot of work to complete it
thought , desire for something I plan to accomplish in the future
Or what are your plans for the summer holidays?
λογοτεχνία
LITERATURE
τέχνη • (téchni) f (plural τέχνες)
Noun
art, craftsmanship, style
λογοτεχνία • (logotechnía) f (plural λογοτεχνίες)
literature (written works)
literature (the study of written works)
λογοτέχνης m (logotéchnis, “writer”)
λογοτέχνιδα f (logotéchnida, “writer”)
λογοτεχνικός (logotechnikós, “literary”)
text (n.) late 14c., "wording of anything written," from Old French texte Old North French tixte "text, book Gospels" (12c.) from Medieval Latin textus " the Scriptures, text, treatise,"
in Late Latin “written account, content, characters used in a document,”
from Latin textus “style or texture of a work,”
literally “thing woven,”
from past participle stem of texere “to weave, to join, fit together, braid, interweave, construct, fabricate, build,”
from PIE root *teks- “to weave, to fabricate, to make; make wicker or wattle framework.”
*teks-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to weave,” also “to fabricate,” especially with an ax,”
also “to make wicker or wattle fabric for (mud-covered) house walls.”
It forms all or part of: architect; context; dachshund; polytechnic; pretext; subtle; technical; techno-; technology; tectonic; tete; text; textile; tiller (n.1) ““bar to turn the rudder of a boat;” tissue; toil (n.2) “net, snare.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
*teks- “to weave, to fabricate, to make; make wicker or wattle framework”
Sanskrit taksati “he fashions, constructs,” taksan “carpenter;”
Avestan taša “ax, hatchet,” thwaxš- “be busy;”
Old Persian taxš- “be active;”
Latin texere “to weave, fabricate,” tela “web, net, warp of a fabric;”
Greek tekton “carpenter,” tekhnē “art;”
Old Church Slavonic tesla “ax, hatchet;”
Lithuanian tašau, tašyti “to carve;”
Old Irish tal “cooper’s ax;”
Old High German dahs, German Dachs “badger,”
literally “builder;”
Hittite taksh- “to join, unite, build.”
techno-
word-forming element meaning “art, craft, skill,” later “technical, technology,” from Latinized form of Greek tekhno-, combining form of tekhnē “art, skill, craft in work; method, system, an art, a system or method of making or doing,” from PIE *teks-na- “craft” (of weaving or fabricating), from suffixed form of root *teks- “to weave,” also “to fabricate.”
textile (n.)
1620s, from Latin textilis “a web, canvas, woven fabric, cloth, something woven,” noun use of textilis “woven, wrought,” from texere “to weave,” from PIE root *teks- “to weave,” also “to fabricate.” As an adjective from 1650s.
—————————————————-
τεχνήτιο n (technítio, “technetium”)
τεχνική f (technikí, “technique”)
τεχνικός (technikós, “technical”)
τεχνίτης m (technítis, “technician, craftsman”)
τεχνίτρια f (technítria, “technician, craftswoman”)
τεχνολογία f (technología, “technology”)
τεχνολόγος m or f (technológos, “technologist”)
εικαστικές τέχνες f pl (eikastikés téchnes, “visual arts”)
σύντεχνος m or f (sýntechnos, “fellow-craftsman”)
συντεχνίτισσα f (syntechnítissa, “fellow-craftswoman”)
τεχνικός (technikós, “technical”)
τεχνολόγος m or f (technológos, “technologist”)
and see: τέχνη f (téchni, “craftsmanship, art”)
Adjective
τεχνικός • (technikós) m (feminine τεχνική, neuter τεχνικό)
technical
Noun
τεχνικός • (technikós) m (plural τεχνικοί)
technician
Noun
τεχνίτης • (technítis) m (plural τεχνίτες, feminine τεχνίτρια or τεχνίτρα)
technician
artisan, craftsman
Noun
χειροτέχνης • (cheirotéchnis) m (plural χειροτέχνες)
craftsman, artisan, handicraftsman
Noun
τεχνολόγος • (tekhnológos) m (genitive τεχνολόγου); second declension (Koine)
treating by rules of art
writer on the art of rhetoric
Noun
τεχνολόγος • (technológos) m or f (plural τεχνολόγοι)
technologist
(in a radiography department) radiographer
Noun
τεχνολογῐ́ᾱ • (tekhnologíā) f (genitive τεχνολογῐ́ᾱς); first declension
(Koine) systematic treatment of grammar
From τεχνολόγος (tekhnológos) + -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun).
σκέψη
σκέψῐς
σκέπτομαι
THOUGHT -THINKING
σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις)
thought, mental activity
σκέπτομαι (“to think”)
σκεπτικιστής m (“sceptic”)
σκεπτικισμός m (“scepticism”)
σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension Noun viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process
σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) I look at, examine I examine, consider, think (rarely) I think, deem I prepare, premeditate
From Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai,
from Proto-Indo-European *skep-ye-,
from a metathesis of *speḱ-.
Cognate to Latin speciō (“I see”).
The present and imperfect are suppleted from σκοπέω (skopéō) in Attic.
δῐᾰσκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) (deponent)
(Koine) Synonym of δῐᾰσκοπέω (diaskopéō) look at in different ways, examine or consider well
From Koine Greek διασκέπτομαι (“examine all around”). Morphologically, from δια- (“through”) + σκέπτομαι (“think”).
διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”)
συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”)
συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”)
συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”)
τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”)
and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”)
ἀδῐᾰσκέπτως (adiasképtōs, “inconsiderately”)
δῐᾰ́σκεμμᾰ n (diáskemma, “observation”)
δῐᾰσκεπτέον (diaskeptéon, “one must consider”)
δῐᾰσκεπτῐκός (diaskeptikós, “cautious, considerate”)
δῐᾰ́σκεψῐς f (diáskepsis, “inspection, examination”)
προδῐᾰσκέπτομαι (prodiasképtomai, “examine well beforehand”)
From Ancient Greek σκέψις (sképsis, “examination, observation, consideration”).
Derived terms[edit] ἀνᾰσκέπτομαι (anasképtomai) ἀξιόσκεπτος (axióskeptos) ἀποσκέπτομαι (aposképtomai) ἄσκεπτος (áskeptos) δῐᾰσκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) ἐπῐσκέπτομαι (episképtomai) εὔσκεπτος (eúskeptos) κᾰτᾰσκέπτομαι (katasképtomai) περίσκεπτος (perískeptos) πολύσκεπτος (polúskeptos) προσκέπτομαι (prosképtomai) σκοπάρκης (skopárkēs) συσκέπτομαι (susképtomai) ὑποσκέπτομαι (huposképtomai) Related terms[edit] σκεπτέον (skeptéon) σκεπτήρῐον (skeptḗrion) σκεπτῐκός (skeptikós) σκέψ (sképs) σκέψῐς (sképsis) σκέμμᾰ (skémma) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπεῖᾰ (skopeîa) σκόπελος (skópelos) σκοπεύω (skopeúō) σκοπέω (skopéō) σκοπή (skopḗ) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπῐά (skopiá) σκοπός (skopós)
Mainly found in compounds διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) επισκέπτομαι (episképtomai) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai)
σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) I look at, examine I examine, consider, think (rarely) I think, deem I prepare, premeditate
From Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai, from Proto-Indo-European *skep-ye-, from a metathesis of *speḱ-.
Cognate to Latin speciō (“I see”).
συσκέπτομαι • (sysképtomai) deponent (past συσκέφθηκα)
I am in conference
from συ- (συν-) (“with, co-”) + σκέπτομαι (“think”).
συνδιασκέπτομαι • (syndiasképtomai) deponent (past συνδιασκέφθηκα)
I am in conference along with others
Synonyms: συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai), διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai)
Morphologically
from συν- (“co-, plus”) + δια- (“through”) + σκέπτομαι (“think”).
δῐᾰσκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) (deponent)
(Koine) Synonym of δῐᾰσκοπέω (diaskopéō) look at in different ways, examine or consider well
From δῐᾰ- (dia-, “through”) + σκέπτομαι (sképtomai)
διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”)
συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”)
συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”)
συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”)
τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”)
and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”)
σκεπτικός • (skeptikós) m (feminine σκεπτική, neuter σκεπτικό)
Adjective
contemplative, meditative, thoughtful
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider”) + -ικός (-ikós).
σκεπτῐκός • (skeptikós) m (feminine σκεπτῐκή, neuter σκεπτῐκόν); first/second declension
thoughtful, inquiring
(philosophy, in the plural, substantive) a sceptic, a member of the school of thought founded by Pyrrho of Elis
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σκόπελος • (skópelos) m (genitive σκοπέλου); second declension
lookout place
peak; headland, promontory
watchtower
Maybe related to σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to look at”) if the original meaning of the word is watchtower.
σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (past σκόπευσα, passive —)
aim, take aim
aim, intend
see: σκοπός m (skopós, “observer, watcher, aim, goal”)
σκοπέω • (skopéō)
I look, look at, behold; I examine, inspect
(figuratively) I contemplate, consider
I look for
(middle) like active, perhaps implying a more deliberate consideration.
From σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱop, the o-grade of *sḱep, a metathesis of *speḱ-, from which also comes σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider, think, speculate”).
σκοπή • (skopḗ) f (genitive σκοπῆς); first declension
a vantage point, a lookout, a watchtower
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai) + -η (-action noun).
σκοπιά • (skopiá) f (plural σκοπιές)
watchtower, sentry
viewpoint
see: σκοπός m (skopós, “observer, watcher, aim, goal”)
σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”).
σκοπός • (skopós) m (plural σκοποί)
goal (aim, desired result)
guard (occupation)
σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (past σκόπευσα, passive —)
aim, take aim
aim, intend
σκοπευτήριο • (skopeftírio) n
shooting range
σκόπευση f (skópefsi, “aim, aiming”) σκοπευτήριο n (skopeftírio, “rifle range”) σκοπευτής m (skopeftís, “marksman”) σκοπεύτρια f (skopéftria, “markswoman”) σκόπευτρο n (skópeftro, “viewfinder”) σκοπευτικός (skopeftikós, “shooting”) σκοπεύω (skopévo, “aim, aim at”) σκοπιά f (skopiá, “observation post, watchtower”)
γραμματική
GRAMMAR
γράφω • (gráfo) (past έγραψα, passive γράφομαι)
write, pen
record
issue a ticket (for traffic violation, etc)
αντιγράφω (“to copy, to cheat”) εγγράφω (“enroll, register”) επιγράφω (“inscribe, entitle”) σκηνογραφώ (“direct film or play”) συγγράφω (“to write (a book, etc), to author”) υπογράφω (“to sign”) καταγραφικό (“chart recorder, datalogger”) ξεγράφω (“strike out”) εγγράψιμος (“able to be enrolled”) γράψιμο n (“writing”) γραπτός (“written”) γραπτό (“paper”) έγγραφο n (éngrafo, “document”)
γραμμένος • (gramménos) m (feminine γραμμένη, neuter γραμμένο)
Adjective
written, covered with writing
written, registered, recorded
έγγραφος • (éngrafos) m (feminine έγγραφη, neuter έγγραφο)
Adjective
in writing, written
γραπτός • (graptós) m (feminine γραπτή, neuter γραπτόν)
Adjective
painted
marked as with letters
written
Verbal adjective of γράφω (gráphō), with suffix -τος (adjective)
γραπτά • (graptá)
Adverb
written, in written form
γραπτά • (graptá) n
Noun
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of γραπτό (graptó).
γραπτή • (graptí)
Byzantine Adjective
Nominative singular feminine form of γραπτός (graptós).
Accusative singular feminine form of γραπτός (graptós).
Vocative singular feminine form of γραπτός (graptós).
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γράμμα
From Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).
Morphologically γράφω + -μα (result noun suffix).
γράμμα • (grámma) n (plural γράμματα)
Noun
letter (written or printed symbol)
(computing) character
(plural) literature, letters
Tα γράμματα και οι τέχνες. ― Ta grámmata kai oi téchnes. ― Literature and the arts
(plural: informal) education, literacy
Ξέρεις γράμματα; ― Xéreis grámmata? ― Can you read? literally: Do you know letters?
Στο ‘πα και στο ξαναλέω/μη μου γράφεις γράμματα/γιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω/και με πιάνουν κλάματα.
Sto ‘pa kai sto xanaléo/mi mou gráfeis grámmata/giatí grámmata den xéro/kai me piánoun klámata.
I’ve told you and I’m telling you again/don’t write me letters/because I can’t read (letters)/and tears overcome me
traditional Greek song
letter (correspondence)
Στο ‘πα και στο ξαναλέω/μη μου γράφεις γράμματα/γιατί γράμματα δεν ξέρω/και με πιάνουν κλάματα.
Sto ‘pa kai sto xanaléo/mi mou gráfeis grámmata/giatí grámmata den xéro/kai me piánoun klámata.
I’ve told you and I’m telling you again/don’t write me letters/because I can’t read (letters)/and tears overcome me
traditional Greek song
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή • (grammatikḗ) f (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτῐκῆς) Noun animate senses: a female teacher of the rudiments a woman who occupies herself with literary texts, a female grammarian or critic inanimate senses: grammar the faculty of scholarship alphabet, script, writing
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός • (grammatikós) m (feminine γρᾰμμᾰτῐκή, neuter γρᾰμμᾰτῐκόν)
Adjective
knowing one’s letters, of a good scholar
(in the phrase γραμματικὸν ἔκπωμα) a cup engraved with the alphabet or an inscription
concerned with textual criticism
(in the phrase γραμματικὴ τέχνη) the grammatical art or craft, grammar
γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός • (grammatikós) m (genitive γρᾰμμᾰτῐκοῦ)
Noun
teacher of the rudiments
one who occupies himself with literary texts, grammarian, critic.
γραμματικός • (grammatikós) m (plural γραμματικοί)
Noun
grammarian
scribe, secretary
γραμματέας • (grammatéas) m or f (plural γραμματείς)
Noun
secretary
receptionist
γραμματεία • (grammateía) f (plural γραμματείες)
Noun
secretariat
secretariat (plural secretariats)
The office or department of a government secretary.
γραμματοκιβώτιο n (grammatokivótio, “letterbox, pillarbox, mailbox”)
γραμματόσημο n (grammatósimo, “postage stamp”)
γραμματοθήκη f (grammatothíki, “letter case”)
γραμματική f (grammatikí, “grammar”)
γραμματέας m or f (grammatéas, “secretary”)
γραμματεύς m or f (grammatéfs, “secretary”)
and see: γράμμα n (grámma, “letter; communication”)
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Definite / Indefinite Infinitive / Finite Infinite / Finite Limited / Unlimited Bounded / Unbounded Indicative / Indefinite Perfect / Imperfect Static verb / Perpetual verb Instance / Ongoing One Time Instance / Habitual-Repeated-Daily Progressive /
(TENSE) Aspect (progressive vs. perfect/perfective) Past / Present / Future Present Future Simple Future Perfect Past Simple - Preterite - Aorist Past Perfect (ASPECT) Continuous-Progressive-Perpetual Perfect / Imperfect Habitual Perfective / Imperfective Bounded / Unbounded Aorist - no horizon - unbounded Pluperfect (MOOD) Voice (active / middle / passive) (do to another / do to oneself / having it done to you) (CASE) (Predicate - How Does A Noun Interact With The Verb?) Nominative / Subjective Accusative / Objective Indirect / Oblique
Finite verbs are the locus of grammatical information of gender, person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and voice.
A nonfinite verb is a verb that is not finite. Nonfinite verbs cannot perform action as the root of an independent clause. Most nonfinite verbs found in English are infinitives, participles and gerunds. Finite verbs cannot become a gerund I saw - I was “sawing” Has - Hasing Am - Aming
The following sentences each contain one finite verb (underlined) and multiple nonfinite verbs (in bold):
The proposal has been intensively examined today.
What did they want to have done about that?
Someone tried to refuse to accept the offer.
Coming downstairs, she saw the man running away.
I am trying to get the tickets.
In the above sentences,
“been, examined and done” are past participles.
“want, have, refuse, accept and get” are infinitives.
“coming, running and trying” are present participles (for alternative terminology, see the sections below).
English has three kinds of nonfinite verbs:
infinitives,
participles, and
gerunds
Gerund -
He went running. (Object Noun)
The running man. (Verbal Adjective- Gerundive)
He was running to the store before it closed. (Verb-Present Participle)
ATTRIBUTIVE VERB (Gerundive)
An attributive verb is a verb that modifies (expresses an attribute of) a noun in the manner of an attributive adjective, rather than express an independent idea as a predicate.
The truly “verbal” adjectives are non-finite verb forms: participles (present and past), and sometimes to-infinitives. These act as verbs in that they form a verb phrase, possibly taking objects and other dependents and modifiers that are typical of verbs; however that verb phrase then plays the role of an attributive adjective in the larger sentence. In the following examples, the attributive verb is bolded, and the verb phrase acting as the attributive adjective is shown in italics.
The cat sitting on the fence is mine.
The actor given the prize is not my favorite.
This is a great place to eat.
Deverbal adjectives often have the same form as (and similar meaning to) the participles, but behave grammatically purely as adjectives — they do not take objects, for example, as a verb might. For example:
It was a very exciting game.
Interested parties should apply to the office.
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κορώνα ή γράμματα • (koróna í grámmata) f or n (uncountable) (used with an article)
heads or tails
See also[edit]
μονά ή ζυγά (moná í zygá, “odds or evens”)
Θεό Θεός θέα f root θεές f pl θεό m root θεός m θεοί m pl θέας (genitive)
θεώτερος (comparative) = “more divine”
θετός m (adjective) θε- + -τος (adjective)
θετή f
θετόν n
FEMININE - GODESS
MASCULINE - GOD
θέα • (théa) f
θέας - genitive
Noun
view, sight.
contemplation , exhibition, prospect, scene.
scenery, show, sight, spectacle, view, vision.
θεά f (“goddess”) θεά • (theá) f plural - θεές masculine - θεός goddess goddess (adored or idealized woman)
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*dʰéh₁s m (oblique stem dʰh₁s-)
Root
god, godhead, deity
sacred place,
From From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁s-o-
From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”) + *-s.
*(ó)-s f
Derives nouns from roots.
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θεός • (theós) m
θεά - feminine
θεοί - plural
(religion) god (supreme being or a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers)
Ο θεός των Αράβων είναι ο Αλλάχ. ―
The god of the Arabs is Allah.
Στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, ο Διόνυσος ήταν ο θεός του κρασιού. ―
In Ancient Greece, Dionysus was the god of wine.
Alternative letter-case form of Θεός (Theós).
(figuratively) god, idol (something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed)
Όσον αφορά μουσική, ο Μότσαρτ ήταν ο θεός του. ―
With regard to music, Mozart was his god.
Σε αυτόν τον κόσμο, δυστυχώς, τα λεφτά είναι ο θεός τους. ―
In this world, unfortunately, money is their god.
(figuratively, colloquial) god, Greek god (exceedingly handsome man)
Στην παραλία ήταν διάφοροι θεοί. ―
There were several Greek gods on the beach.
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Θεός • (Theós) m
(Christianity, Judaism) God (single deity of various monotheistic religions)
Ο Θεός έδωσε τις δέκα εντολές στον Μωυσή. ―
God gave the ten commandments to Moses.
Κάθε βράδυ, προσεύχομαι στο Θεό. ―
Every night, I pray to God.
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θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess.
θεός • (theós)
Adjective
divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος (theṓteros))
From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós
whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)
a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s,
from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s (nominative noun)
*tʰehós m
god, deity.
*dʰéh₁s m (oblique stem dʰh₁s-) god, godhead, deity sacred place. From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”) + *-s. *(é)-s f Derives nouns from roots. *dʰeh₁- (perfective) to do, put, place.
Ancient Greek: θεσμός (theism)
τεθμός (tethmós)
Ancient Greek: θετός (thetós) θετός • (thetós) m (feminine θετή, neuter θετόν) Adjective placed, put, settled adopted; adoptive. From θε- (god) + -τος (adjective) from τίθημι (títhēmi) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place”).
From θε- + -τος (τῐ́θημῐ) τῐ́θημῐ • (títhēmi) Verb I put, place, set. -τος • (-tos) m or f neuter -τον Creates verbal adjectives of possibility, either active or passive (accented on the ultima, -τός) -τος • (-tos) Creates verbal adjectives.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SUFFIX -τος • m or f -τον neuter Creates verbal adjectives of possibility, either active or passive (accented on the ultima, -τός)
δύναμαι > δυνατός
can > able (active), doable (passive)
διαλῡ́ω > διαλυτός
dissolve > dissoluble
Creates perfective passive verbal adjectives (usually accented recessively)
διαλῡ́ω > διάλυτος
dissolve > dissolved
Forms adjectives from nouns (accented recessively)
δάκρυ > ἀ-δάκρυτος
tear > tearless
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θήκη • (thḗkē) f (genitive θήκης); first declension Noun box, chest grave, tomb sword sheath
From τίθημι (“to place, put”).
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θής • (thḗs) m (genitive θητός); third declension Noun serf bondsman (later) hired laborer.
From τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I place”).
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DEMIURGE
Δημιουργός • (Dimiourgós) m Noun (Platonism) the Demiurge (Christianity) God. From Ancient Greek δημιουργός (“public worker”)
Δημιουργός m (demos-ergo, “Creator”)
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Κύριος m (Kýrios, “Lord”)
Κύριος • (Kýrios)
Proper noun
(Christianity) Lord (Jesus Christ, God)
From κῦρος (“supremacy”) + -ιος (adjective suffix)
κῡ́ρῐος • (kū́rios) m (feminine κῡρῐ́ᾱ, neuter κῡ́ρῐον); first/second declension
Adjective (Title)
(of people): ruling, governing, having power
(of things): decisive, critical, authorized, valid, legal, entitled
(of times): fixed, set, appointed
(of language): literal
main, major, primary, principal.
κῡ́ριος • (kū́rios) m (genitive κῡρίου); second declension
Noun
lord, master, guardian, ruler, owner
sir
Greek translation of the Tetragrammaton in the Septuagint.
From Ancient Greek τετραγράμματον (tetragrámmaton, “four-letter word”), neuter gender of τετραγράμματος (tetragrámmatos, “having four letters”), formed from a combining form of τέτταρες (téttares, “four”) and γράμμα (grámma, “letter”).
The four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration, YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously transliterated as Yahweh or Jehovah.
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”)
Cognate with κύω (kúō)
κῠ́ω • (kúō)
Verb
(present and imperfect) to conceive, become pregnant
(rarely with accusative) to become pregnant with…
(aorist) to impregnate.
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).
*ḱewh₁- (perfective)
to swell
to be strong.
From Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant, become pregnant”)
Hellenic: *kūmə (“a swell, wave”)
Ancient Greek: κῦμᾰ (kûma)
From Proto-Hellenic *kūmə
equivalent to κῠ́ω (“conceive”) + -μᾰ
κῦμᾰ • (kûma) n (genitive κῡ́μᾰτος); third declension
Noun
("A swell, a wave, a billow")
(figuratively) a wave or flood of men.
(in Tragedy) wave of adversity.
a waved or ogee moulding, cyma.
fetus, embryo.
sprout of a plant.
Cognates Sanskrit: श्वयति (śváyati, “to swell, increase, grow”)
cyma (plural cymas or cymae or cymæ or cymata)
Noun
(architecture) A moulding of the cornice, wavelike in form, whose outline consists of a concave and a convex line; an ogee.
(botany) A cyme.
From New Latin cȳma (“young sprout or shoot of cabbage”)
κῡμᾰ́τῐον • (kūmátion) n (genitive κῡμᾰτῐ́ου); second declension
Noun
a small cyma
the volute of the Ionic capital.
From κῦμᾰ (kûma) + -ῐον (-diminutive noun).
SUFFIX
-ῐον • (-ion) n (genitive -ῐ́ου); second declension
A noun–forming diminutive suffix.
From Proto-Hellenic *kūmə
*kūmə n
(“swell, wave”)
Cognates with Latin - cumulus, cavus.
Latin - cumulus m (genitive cumulī); second declension
Noun
heap, pile, surplus, summit.
Cognate Latin - cavus (feminine cava, neuter cavum); first/second declension
Adjective
hollow, concave
excavated, channeled.
From From Proto-Italic *kawos
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱowHós (“hollow”)
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to swell”)
Related to Old Irish cúas (“hollow, cavity”)
Ancient Greek κύαρ (kúar, “eye of needle, earhole”)
English - kyrie (plural kyries)
(Christianity) A short prayer or petition including the phrase kyrie eleison, meaning “Lord, have mercy”.
(music) A setting of the traditional kyrie text to music for a Mass.
Κύριε ἐλέησον (Kúrie eléēson, “Lord, have mercy”)
Κύριε • (Kýrie) m
Vocative form of Κύριος (Kýrios).
Κύριος • (Kýrios) m
Proper noun
(Christianity) Lord (Jesus Christ, God)
from κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy, authority”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱēw-, *ḱwā- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”).
κῡρόω • (kūróō) (transitive) To ratify Synonym: κυέω (kuéō) From κῦρος (“power, authority”) + -όω -όω • (-óō) Suffix Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Παντοδύναμος • (Pantodýnamos) m
Almighty (God, the supreme being)
the Almighty
God, the supreme being.
mighty (adj.)
“possessed of or endowed with might; having much ability, strength, or power,”
Old English mihtig, earlier mæhtig,
From Proto-Germanic *mahtiga-
Source also of Old Frisian mechtig,
Old Saxon mahtig, Dutch machtig, German mächtig), from the source of might (n.).
As an adverb, “very, exceedingly, greatly,” it is attested from c. 1300, though such use now is considered colloquial.
might (n.)
“quality of being able, ability to do or act, power,” From Middle English might.
From Old English miht, earlier mæht “bodily strength, power; authority, dominion, control; ability,”
From Proto-Germanic *makhti- (source also of Old Norse mattr, Old Frisian, Middle Dutch, Dutch macht, Old High German maht, German Macht, Gothic mahts), a Germanic suffixed form of the PIE root *magh- “to be able, have power.”
*magh-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to be able, have power.” It forms all or part of: dismay; deus ex machina; may (v.1) “am able;” might (n.) “bodily strength, power;” main; machine; mechanic; mechanism; mechano-; mage; magi; magic.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit mahan “great;” Greek mēkhanē “device, means,” mekhos, makhos “means, instrument;” Old Church Slavonic mošti, Russian moč’ “can, be able;” Old English mæg “I can,” Gothic mag “can, is able,” Old High German magan, Old Norse magn “power, might.”
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Παντοκράτωρ m (Pantokrátor, “Christ Pantocrator”)
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Αλλάχ • (Allách) m (indeclinable)
(Islam) Allah (God, in Islamic contexts)
Borrowed from Arabic اللّٰه (allāh).
اللّٰه • (allāh) m
(monotheism) God
609–632 CE, Qur’an, 112:1-4:
قُلْ هُوَ ٱللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ ٱللّٰهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
qul huwa llāhu ʾaḥadun allāhu ṣ-ṣamadu lam yalid walam yūlad walam yakun lahū kufuwan ʾaḥadun
Say, “He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent.”
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άνθρωπος του Θεού (“man of God”)
από το στόμα σου και στου Θεού τ’ αυτί
“from your mouth to God’s ears”
βλέπω Θεού πρόσωπο
“things turn out well for one, everything comes up roses”, literally “to see God’s face”
για όνομα του Θεού
“for God’s sake”, literally “for the name of God”
δόξα σοι ο Θεός (“thank God”)
ελέω Θεού (“by the Grace of God”)
έχει ο Θεός (“everything will be okay”, literally “God has”)
έχω τον Θεό μου (“to do whatever one wants”, literally “to have one’s God”)
Θεέ μου (“my God”)
Θεός σχωρέσ΄ τον (“God rest his soul”, literally “God forgive him”)
Θεός φυλάξοι (“God forbid”)
θεούλης m (diminutive)
θεούσα f (“religious nut, churchy woman”)
μα τον Θεό (“for God’s sake”, literally “but God”)
να δώσει ο Θεός (“please God, God grant that”, literally “may God give”)
ο Θεός βοηθός (o Theós voïthós, “please God”, literally “God helper”)
ο Θεός και η ψυχή του (o Theós kai i psychí tou, “who knows”, literally “God and his soul”)
ο Θεός μαζί σου (o Theós mazí sou, “God be with you”)
ο Θεός να βάλει το χέρι του (o Theós na válei to chéri tou, “God help me/you/him/her/it/us/them”, literally “may God put his hand”)
ο Θεός να κάνει το θαύμα του (o Theós na kánei to thávma tou, “God help me/you/him/her/it/us/them”, literally “may God do his miracle”)
ο Θεός να κατέβει κάτω (o Theós na katévei káto, “nothing can stop him/her/it”, literally “even if God comes down”)
ποιος είδε τον Θεό και δεν τον φοβήθηκε (poios eíde ton Theó kai den ton fovíthike, “all hell broke loose”, literally “who saw God and didn’t fear him”)
προς Θεού (pros Theoú, “for God’s sake”, literally “towards God”)
πρώτα ο Θεός (próta o Theós, “God willing”, literally “God first”)
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ᾰ̓́θεος • (átheos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́θεον); second declension
- without gods
- rejecting or disdaining the belief in the gods (especially officially sanctioned gods)
- generally: godless, secular
- abandoned by the gods
(lexicography) not derived from a theonym.
From Ancient Greek ἄθεος (“irreverent”) άθεος • (átheos) m (feminine άθεη, neuter άθεο) Noun godless, atheist (noun) atheist
αθεΐα • (atheḯa) f (uncountable)
atheism.
αθεϊσμός • (atheïsmós) m
(religion) atheism.
αθεϊστής (atheïstís, “atheist”)
αθεϊστής m (atheïstís, “atheist”) αθεϊστικός (atheïstikós, “atheistic”) αθεΐστρια f (atheḯstria, “atheist”) άθεος (átheos, “atheist”, adjective) άθεος m (átheos, “atheist”) άθεη f (átheï, “atheist”) αθεϊσμός m (atheïsmós, “atheism”) αθεόφοβος (atheófovos, “ungodly, impious”) αθεΐζω (atheḯzo, “become an atheist”)
άθεη • (átheï)
Noun
Nominative, accusative and vocative singular feminine form of άθεος (átheos).
(noun) female atheist.
αθεόφοβος • (atheófovos) m (feminine αθεόφοβη, neuter αθεόφοβο)
Noun
impious, ungodly
(noun) unholy person, rogue.
ἀθεότης • (atheótēs) f (genitive ἀθεότητος); third declension
Noun
Atheist, godlessness.
ἄθεος (“godless”) + -της (agent noun)
From α- (“not”) + θεός ( “god”) + φόβος (“fear”)
θεόφοβος (theófovos, “God-fearing”)
ἀντίθεος
Against the gods, opposing the gods.
ἀντι- • (anti-)
anti-, against.
ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō) I deify From ἀπο- + θεός (“god, deity”) + -όω (verb) SUFFIX -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ GOD FEAR - θεόφοβος
From θεός (“god”) + φοβούμαι (“to be afraid”) θεοφοβούμενος • (theofovoúmenos) m feminine - θεοφοβούμενη neuter - θεοφοβούμενο) Adjective pious, God-fearing.
φόβος • (fóvos) m (plural φόβοι) fear δεν έχει φόβο ― don't be afraid (literally: have not fear) apprehension, awe φόβος των θεών ― awe of the gods.
From δέος • (déos) n (uncountable) awe (a feeling of fear and reverence) δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun fear, alarm reason for fear.
φοβία • (fovía) f (plural φοβίες)
Noun
(psychology) phobia.
φοβίζω • (fovízo) (simple past φόβισα, passive —)
Verb
browbeat, challenge
frighten, scare.
φοβάμαι • (fovámai) deponent (simple past φοβήθηκα)
Verb (passive)
fear, dread, be afraid, be frightened
(colloquial) be afraid, sorry.
θεοφοβούμενος (theofovoúmenos, “God-fearing”)
φοβερός • (foverós) m (feminine φοβερή, neuter φοβερό)
Adjective
frightening, terrifying, horrifying
awesome, formidable, dreadful, fearful.
φοβερά • (foverá)
Adjective
frightfully, fearfully.
φοβέρα • (fovéra) f (plural φοβέρες)
Noun
threat.
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δῆλος • (dêlos) m (feminine δήλη, neuter δῆλον); first/second declension Adjective visible conspicuous manifest (Septuagint, plural form) the Urim.
δηλόω (dēlóō, “to make manifest, to be clear or plain”)
δῆλον ποιέω (dêlon poiéō, “to give away, reveal, expose”)
From Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“heaven, sky; to shine”).
δηλόω • (dēlóō)
Verb
(transitive) To show, to make apparent, known, clear
Synonym: δείκνυμῐ (deíknumi)
δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi)
I show, point out [+dative = to someone]
I bring to light, display, portray, represent
I make known, explain, teach, prove.
δείχνω • (deíchno) (simple past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem.
From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) + -νῡμῐ
-νῡμῐ • (-nūmi)
A suffix forming transitive verbs
*deywós m (non-ablauting)
god
From root *dyew- (“sky, heaven”)
*dyutkós (“celestial, heavenly”) (+ *tek- (“to obtain, receive”)
*dyḗws m (oblique stem diw-)
sky, heaven
sky god.
From earlier *dyéws
from *dyew- + *-s.
*(é)-s f
Derives nouns from roots.
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θειόω • (theióō) Verb to smoke with brimstone, to fumigate and purify to purify, hallow. From θεῖον (“sulphur”) + -όω -όω • (-óō) Suffix Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension
Noun
divinity
(plural) the acts of the gods.
θεῖον • (theîon) n (genitive θείου); second declension
Sulfur.
connected to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”), implying an original meaning of “fumigant”, the same root as θυμιάω (thumiáō, “to burn, smoke”).
CATASTROPHE (GODS AS PLANETS)
50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 17:29:
ᾗ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐξῆλθεν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων, ἔβρεξεν πῦρ καὶ θεῖον ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἀπώλεσεν πάντας.
o the day departed Lot from Sodom, it rained fire and sulfur from the sky and destroyed all.
Idiomatic: And on the day that Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from the heavens and destroyed everyone.
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ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō)
Verb
I deify
From ἀπο- + θεός (“god, deity”) + -όω
ἀποθέωσῐς • (apothéōsis) f (genitive ἀποθεώσεως); third declension
apotheosis.
From ἀποθεόω (“deify”) + -σῐς
(transitive) To make a god of (something or someone).
(transitive) To treat as worthy of worship; to regard as a deity.
Latin - deificar
to make a god of; to deify.
From Late Latin deificāre, present active infinitive of deificō (“I make a god, deify”)
from Latin deus (“god”).
deus m (genitive deī); second declension (for the feminine form, see dea)
god, deity.
an imperial epithet (for deified emperors)
ἀπο-
intensification, completion, looking forward
απο- + τελειώνω (“to finish”) →
αποτελειώνω (“to consummate”)
-όω • (-óō)
Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
From Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis), from verb ἀποθεόω (apotheóō, “deify”) (factitive verb formed from θεός (theós, “God”) with intensive prefix ἀπο- (apo-)) + -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”). Surface analysis apo- + theo- + -sis.
apotheosis (countable and uncountable, plural apotheoses)
The fact or action of becoming or making into a god; deification.
Glorification, exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status.
A glorified example or ideal; the apex or pinnacle (of a concept or belief).
The best moment or highest point in the development of something, for example of a life or career; the apex, culmination, or climax (of a development).
(loosely) Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death.
(psychology) The latent entity that mediates between a person’s psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.
apotheosize (third-person singular simple present apotheosizes, present participle apotheosizing, simple past and past participle apotheosized)
(transitive) To deify, to convert into a god.
(transitive) To exalt, glorify.
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Ζεύς • (Zeús) m (genitive Διός); third declension
Zeus
Παῦε λέγων, μὰ τὸν Δία
Paûe légōn, mà tòn Día
Stop talking, by Zeus
a name of the emperors of Rome
referring to other gods, such as Amun, Baal, Ahura Mazda
(with καταχθόνιος (katakhthónios) or χθόνιος (khthónios)) = Hades
From Proto-Hellenic *dzéus,
from Proto-Indo-European *dy
ḗws. Cognate with Sanskrit द्यु (dyú),
Latin Iuppiter,
Old English Tīw,
Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (sius).
Δάν (Dán) – Aeolic Δεύς (Deús) – Laconian Ζάν (Zán), Ζάς (Zás) – Doric Ζήν (Zḗn) – poetic Θιός (Thiós), Σιός (Siós) – Boeotian Τάν (Tán) – Cretan
*dzéus m
sky god, Zeus
Δίας • (Días) m
(astronomy) Jupiter
(Greek mythology) Zeus
Iuppiter m (genitive Iovis); irregular declension
The god Jupiter.
(poetic) The sky.
The planet Jupiter.
The nominative Iuppiter, for Iūpiter (with shift of the length from vowel to consonant per the “littera” rule), comes from a vocative combined with pater, and essentially meant “father Jove”: Proto-Italic *djous patēr, from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“lit. the bright one”), root nomen agentis from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”). It is cognate with Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (iupater), and in other Indo-European branches also Sanskrit द्यौष्पितृ (dyauṣ-pitṛ), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “o father Zeus”).
The oblique cases Iov-, Iovis continue the inflection of Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognates are Latin diēs (from the accusative case) and Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).
Iovis m (genitive Iovis); third declension (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) Alternative form of Iuppiter, the god Jove, Jupiter.
Jove
(Roman mythology) Jupiter, god of the sky.
From Middle English Joves, from Latin Iovis, from Proto-Italic *djowe-, ablative case of *djous, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws.
*djous m
day, sky
Jupiter.
In the meaning “Jupiter”, it was commonly reinforced with *patēr (“father”), giving *djous patēr.
*deiwos m
god, deity.
From Proto-Indo-European *deywós.
Anatolian: *diu- (“daylight god”)
Lycian: ziw
Lydian: Divi-
Luwian: tiwat (“a sun god”)
Palaic: tiyaz, tiuna
Balto-Slavic: *deiwas (see there for further descendants)
Celtic: *deiwos (see there for further descendants)
Germanic: *Tīwaz (see there for further descendants)
Indo-Iranian: *daywás (see there for further descendants)
Italic: *deiwos (see there for further descendants)
Celtic *dēwos m god, deity day \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ HITTITE
𒅆𒍑 • (sius)
god
From Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“sky, heaven”).
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DAY - NIGHT
noctū (not comparable)
by night, at night.
From nox (“night”), by analogy with diū (“during the day”).
diū (comparative diūtius, superlative diūtissimē)
Adverb
continually, all day
long, long while, for a long time.
From Proto-Indo-European *dyéw(i) (“during the day”), locative case of *dyḗws, with d possibly imported from diēs. Cognate with Old Armenian տիւ (tiw), Sanskrit दिवा (divā, “by day”).
Sanskrit
दिवा • (divā) m
lamp, light.
From Sanskrit दीप (dīpa).
दीपक • (dīpak) m (Urdu spelling دیپک)
lamp, light.
चिराग़ • (cirāġ) m (Urdu spelling چراغ)
lamp (or any source of light)
چراغ • (čerâğ) (plural چراغها (čerâğ-hâ))
lamp
light
stove.
چراغ • (çerâg, çirâg) Noun lamp, lantern light wick, candlewick illuminator; teacher, mentor. Borrowed from Persian چراغ (čerâğ, čarâğ). \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ LATIN
diēs m or f (genitive diēī); fifth declension
A day, particularly:
A solar or sidereal day of about 24 hours, especially (historical) Roman dates reckoned from one midnight to the next.
from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (“heaven, sky”)
from Proto-Italic *djēm *djēm accusative singular of *djous *djous m day, sky Jupiter. In the meaning "Jupiter", it was commonly reinforced with *patēr (“father”), giving *djous patēr.
Proper noun
Edit
*djous patēr m
Jupiter, the Sky Father.
*patēr m father. *ph₂tḗr m (oblique stem *ph₂tr̥-) father. Often supposed to be from *peh₂- (“to protect, shepherd”) + *-tḗr (agent suffix).
*peh₂-
to protect
to shepherd.
Greek ποιμήν (“shepherd, herdsman”), where the abstract nomina agentis suffix *-mn̥
*(é)-mn̥
Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
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δαίμων • (daímōn) m or f (genitive δαίμονος); third declension
god, goddess.
From δαίομαι (daíomai, “to divide”) + -μων (-mōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂-i- (“to divide, cut”). For similar semantic development compare Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”), Sanskrit भग (bhága, “dispenser, patron”) (usually applied to gods) beside Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀- (baga-, “part”) and Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to divide, apportion”).
δαίομαι • (daíomai) to divide. From Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- *deh₂- to share, divide.
δῆμος • (dêmos) m (genitive δήμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine) Noun district, country, land. the common people. free citizens, sovereign people. popular government, democracy. popular assembly. township, commune; deme.
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ποιμήν • (poimḗn) m (genitive ποιμένος); third declension
shepherd, herdsman
shepherd of the people: pastor, teacher, epithet of Agamemnon.
From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂imn̥, *poh₂imen, an abstract nomen agentis formed from an ablaut of Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂- (“to protect”) and common suffix *-men.
Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me), Latin pascō (“put to graze”), pāstor (“shepherd”), Sanskrit पाति (pā́ti), Old English fōda and fēdan (English food and feed).
𐀡𐀕 (po-me)
shepherd.
PIE root *peh₂- (“to protect”)
Ancient Greek: ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”)
Sanskrit: पायु (pāyú, “guard, protector”)
θεωρῐ́ᾱ - abstract n
θεωρῐ́ᾱς - genitive
θεωροί - pl
θεωρός
θεωροῦ
THEORY
Noun
A collection of ideas forming an opinion, judgement or speculation about a question.
θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f θεωρῐ́ᾱς - genitive Noun sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation.
From θεωρός (“spectator”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (forms feminine abstract nouns).
θεωρός • (theōrós) m
θεωροῦ - genitive
Noun
(“spectator, envoy sent to consult an oracle”)
ἀντίθεος • (antítheos) m or f
ἀντίθεον - neuter
Adjective
(“godlike”)
ἀντι- (opposite mirror likeness-) + θεός (god)
SUFFIX
ἀντι- • (anti-)
Prefix
(“anti-, against”)
ἀντί • (antí) (governs the genitive) Preposition over against, opposite at the same time as in exchange for, in place of at the price of, in return for for the sake of, for instead of compared with
ᾰ̓ντ’ (ant’), ᾰ̓νθ’ (anth’) – apocopic
θεωρία (θέα + ὁρᾶν) θεωρεῖν θεωρός - Singular Nom. θεωροί - plural θεᾶς - spectacle θεωροῦμεν - theorize - pres ind act 1st pl θεωροῦμαι - pres ind mp 1st sg (attic epic doric) θεώρημα - theoretical object or instance θεωροίησαν - pres opt act 3rd pl θεωροίης - pres opt act 2nd sg θεωροίημεν - pres opt act 1st pl θεωροίη - pres opt act 3rd sg θεωροί - envoy sent to consult an oracle masc nom/voc pl
THEORY
Noun
The Greek theoria (θεωρία), from which the English word “theory” (and “theatre”) is derived, meant “contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”,
From theorein (θεωρεῖν) “to consider, speculate, look at”, from theoros (θεωρός) “spectator”.
from thea (θέα) "a view" + horan (ὁρᾶν) "to see". It expressed the state of being a spectator.
Both Greek θεωρία and Latin contemplatio primarily meant looking at things, whether with the eyes or with the mind.
θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f θεωρῐ́ᾱς - genitive sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation.
Christian contemplation,
From Latin “contemplatio”
From Greek θεωρία.
Theoria refers to several Christian practices which aim at “looking at”, “gazing at”, “being aware of” God or the Divine.
It includes several practices and theological concepts, and until the sixth century the practice of what is now called mysticism was referred to by the term contemplatio, c.q. theoria.
Christianity took up the use of both the Greek (theoria) and Latin (contemplatio, contemplation) terminology to describe various forms of prayer and the process of coming to know God. Eastern and Western traditions of Christianity grew apart as they incorporated the general notion of theoria into their respective teachings.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that, “the Christian tradition comprises three major expressions of the life of prayer:
1. vocal prayer.
2. meditation.
3. and contemplative prayer.
They have in common the recollection of the heart.”
Three stages are discerned in contemplative practice, namely…
1. purgative contemplation.
2. contemplation proper.
3. and the vision of God.
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The word theoria is derived from a verb meaning to look, or to see: for the Greeks, knowing was a kind of seeing, a sort of intellectual seeing.
Contemplation is, then, knowledge…
1. (“Knowledge of reality itself”)
as opposed to knowing how…
2. (“ The kind of know-how involved in getting things done”)
To this contrast between the active life and contemplation there corresponds a distinction in our understanding of what it is to be human between…
- Reason conceived as puzzling things out, solving problems, calculating and making decisions - referred to by the Greek words phronesis and dianoia, or in Latin by ratio - and…
- Reason conceived as receptive of truth, beholding, looking - referred to by the Greek words theoria or sophia (wisdom) or nous (intellect), or in Latin intellectus.
Augustine expressed this distinction by using scientia for the kind of knowledge attained by ratio, and sapientia, wisdom, for the kind of knowledge received by intellectus.
From sciēns, present participle of sciō (“to know, understand”)+ -ia.
Human intelligence operates at two levels:
- A basic level concerned with doing things, and
- Another level concerned with simply beholding, contemplating, knowing reality.
According to William Johnston, until the sixth century the practice of what is now called mysticism was referred to by the term contemplatio, c.q. theoria.
According to Johnston, “both contemplation and mysticism speak of the eye of love which is looking at, gazing at, aware of divine realities.”
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The term theoria was used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the act of experiencing or observing, and then comprehending through nous.
(“Nous”) is a result noun, deriving from the act of contemplation, (“theoria”).
For Plato, what the contemplative (theoros) contemplates (theorei) are the Forms, the realities underlying the individual appearances, and one who contemplates these atemporal and aspatial realities is enriched with a perspective on ordinary things superior to that of ordinary people.
Aristotle, on the other hand, separated the spectating of theoria from practical purposes, and saw it as an end in itself, the highest activity of man.[13] To indicate that it is the philosopher who devotes himself to pursuits most worthy of a free man, Heraclides of Pontus compared him to a spectator (theoros) at the Olympic spectacle: unlike the other participants, he does not seek either glory, as does the competitor, or money, as does the businessman. Aristotle used the same image:
As we go to the Olympian festival for the sake of the spectacle (θεᾶς), even if nothing more should come of it – for the theoria (θεωρία) itself is more precious than money; and just as we go to theorize (θεωροῦμεν) at the festival of Dionysus not so that we will gain anything from the actors (indeed we pay to see them) … so too the theoria (θεωρία) of the universe must be honoured above all things that are considered to be useful. For surely we would not go to such trouble to see men imitating women and slaves, or athletes fighting and running, and not consider it right to theorize without payment (θεωρεῖν ἀμισθί) the nature and truth of reality.
θεωρώ θεωρείο (theater box) θεωρία θωριά θωρώ θεώρηση (visa, official notary stamp) θεώρησα θεώρημα (theorem) θεωρούμαι (to be considered) θεωρικά θεωρητικός θεωρητικολογώ
THEORY
Verb
θεωρώ • (theoró)
θεώρησα - simple past
θεωρούμαι - passive
Verb
("consider, regard")
Synonym: νομίζω
(“scrutinise”)
Synonym: ελέγχω
validate (a document)
Synonym: επικυρώνω
(“examine a text to make corrections”)
For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”).
For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”).
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For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”).
For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”).
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θεωρείο n (theoreío, “box, loge”) θεώρημα n (theórima, “theorem”) θεώρηση f (theórisi, “point of view, validation of documents”) θεωρητικός (theoritikós, “theoretical”) θεωρητικολογώ (theoritikologó, “theorize”) θεωρία f (theoría, “theory”) θεωρικά n pl (theoriká) θωριά f (thoriá, “appearance”) (folksy) θωρώ (thoró, “I look”) (folksy)
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θεωρείο • (theoreío) n (plural θεωρεία)
Noun
box, loge, gallery at a theatre, concert hall, parliament.
τιμή εισιτηρίου για πλατεία, εξώστη, θεωρείο
price of ticket for stalls, balcony, box.
θeoˈrio
εξώστης (exóstis, “balcony”)
γαλαρία (galaría, “upper balcony”)
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πιστεύω • (pisteúō)
Verb
to have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), to credit
to entrust (especially one’s spiritual well being to Christ)
to believe, commit (to trust), put in trust with
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θεώρηση
Noun
(“visa”)
official stamp or signature affixed to a document for ratification or verification
review and approval of a text or document
belief or opinion often expressed at length as a theory of belief
a possible version of an issue or phenomenon, point of view
worldview
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θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension
sight, spectacle
vision, intuition
speculation, theory, proposition
(in the plural) arts and sciences
(mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement
investigation, inquiry
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Verb
θεωρούμαι • (theoroúmai) passive (past θεωρήθηκα, active θεωρώ)
to be considered
πρόθεση
πρόθεσις
προθετῐκός
προθετῐκή
προθετῐκόν
προσέχω
σκοπός
INTENT - PURPOSE - GOAL
Noun
intention, intent, purpose, preposition, intension, scope.
From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”).
Noun
πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις)
(grammar) preposition
intent, intention, purpose.
From πρόθεσις (próthesis, “setting before”) + -ικός (-ic / adjective ). Adjective Prosthetic προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m προθετῐκή feminine προθετῐκόν neuter of or for prefixing; prepositional.
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Original Word: προσέχω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: prosechó
Phonetic Spelling: (pros-ekh’-o)
Definition: to hold to, turn to, attend to
Usage: (a) I attend to, pay attention to, (b) I beware, am cautious, (c) I join, devote myself to.
4337 proséxō (from 4314 /prós, “towards” and 2192 /éxō, “have”) – properly, have towards, i.e. to give full attention; to set a course and keep to it.
prothetic (not comparable)
(linguistics) of, relating to, or involving prothesis
(phonology, of an instance of a phoneme) attached to the beginning of a word.
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From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“a preposing”),
from προτίθημι (“I prepose”), from πρό (“before”) + τίθημι (“I place”)
from Proto-Indo-European *pro + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).
Late Latin prothesis, prosthesis, alteration (dropping the ‘s’) from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition, augmentation”),[1][2][3] (English prosthesis) from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).
However, often confused for a descendant of the Ancient Greek word πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing, preposition”) (without the σ (s)), which is instead the source of a different term – see alternative etymology, below.
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σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim
From σκέπτομαι (“I observe”).
Original Word: σκοπός, οῦ, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: skopos
Phonetic Spelling: (skop-os’)
Definition: a watchman, a mark (on which to fix the eye)
Usage: a watcher; a goal, a mark aimed at.
HELPS Word-studies
4649 skopós (the root of the English term, “scope,” like the zoom-scope on a rifle to hit the target) – properly, the “end-marker” of a foot-race; (figuratively) the final objective (destination) in the faith-life, i.e. the unique glorification the Lord awards to each believer at His return (cf. Phil 3:11,14). 4649 /skopós (“end-marker”) is only used in Phil 3:14.
[4649 (skopós) represents the “end-marker” (“goal”) in the race of faith (so TDNT/Kittel.]
θεᾱτής (agent noun) θέᾱτρον (noun) θεατός (adjective) θεατή (adjective) feminine θεατό (adjective) neuter θεατοί (adjective) plural θεατρικός (adjective or adverb) theatrical θεωρητικός (adjective) theoretical θεατρικά (adverb) θεατή (feminine) θεατό (neuter) θέατρα (plural) θεᾱ́τρου (genitive) θεώρημᾰ (action, instance or result noun) θεωρείο (noun, theater box) θεωρία (noun) theory
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τὸ θέᾱτρον (nominative singular)
τὼ θεᾱ́τρω (nominative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέᾱτρᾰ (nominative plural)
τοῦ θεᾱ́τρου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θεᾱ́τροιν (genitive dual)
τῶν θεᾱ́τρων (genitive plural)
τῷ θεᾱ́τρῳ (dative singular)
θεᾱ́τροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θεᾱ́τροις (dative plural)
τὸ θέᾱτρον (accusative singular)
θεᾱ́τρω (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ θέᾱτρᾰ (accusative plural)
θέᾱτρον (vocative singular)
θεᾱ́τρω (vocative dual)
θέᾱτρᾰ (vocative plural)
———————— Verbs θωρώ (verb) θεωρώ (verb) θεωρέω (verb)
θεώρησα (simple past) “saw” θεώρησες θεώρησε θεωρήσαμε θεωρήσατε θεωρήσαν
θεωρούμαι (passive) imperfective present “seeing” θεωρείσαι θεωρείται θεωρούμαστε θεωρείστε θεωρούνται
θεωρήθηκα (passive simple past perfect) “had seen” θεωρήθηκες θεωρήθηκε θεωρηθήκαμε θεωρηθήκατε θεωρήθηκαν
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Present and past perfect aspect
έχω θεωρήσει — I have considered έχεις θεωρημένο — you have considered έχει θεωρημένο — he has considered έχουμε θεωρημένο — we have considered έχετε θεωρημένο — y’all have considered έχουνε θεωρημένο — they have considered
είχα θεωρηθεί — I had, I used to have considered
είχες θεωρημένο — you had, you used to have considered
είχε θεωρημένο — he had, he used to have had considered
είχαμε θεωρημένο — we had, we used to have had considered
είχατε θεωρημένο — you all had, you all used to have had considered
είχανε θεωρημένο — they had, they used to have had considered
Present active imperfective είμαι θεωρηθεί — I am considering είσαι θεωρημένο — you are considering είναι θεωρημένο — he is considering είμαστε θεωρημένο — we are considering είστε θεωρημένο — ya’ll are considering είναι θεωρημένο — they are considering
simple past imperfect
ήμουν θεωρηθεί — i was considering
ήσουν θεωρημένο — you were considering
ήταν θεωρημένο — he was considering
ήμαστε θεωρημένο — we were considering
ήσαστε θεωρημένο — y’all were considering
ήταν, ήσαν, ήσανε θεωρημένο — they were considering
ήσανε (ísane) (vernacular)
ήταν (ítan) (standard)
ήτανε (ítane) (colloquial variation)
Simple past passive θεωρήθηκα — I was considered θεωρήθηκες — you were considered θεωρήθηκε — he was considered θεωρηθήκαμε — we were considered θεωρηθήκατε — y’all were considered θεωρηθήκαν — they were considered
———————— Perfect (“I saw”) θωρώ θωρείς θωρεί θωρούμε θωρείτε θωρούνε ———————— Imperfect (“I was seeing”) θωρούσα θωρούσες θωρούσε θωρούσαμε θωρούσατε θωρούσαν(ε) ——————- (“I will see”) θα θωρώ θα θωρείς θα θωρεί θα θωρούμε θα θωρείτε θα θωρούν(ε)
ONE WHO SEES
Noun
WHAT IS SEEN - WHERE ITS SEEN
θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine)
Noun
one who sees or goes to see.
spectator, member of the audience in the theater.
one who contemplates.
From θεάομαι (“to gaze at”) + -της (masculine agent noun suffix)
θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές)
Noun
(“spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker”)
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θεωρέω • (theōréō) I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize
-έω • (-éō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).
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θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension
sight, spectacle
vision, intuition
speculation, theory, proposition
(in the plural) arts and sciences
(mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement
investigation, inquiry
From θεωρέω (theōréō, “to look at; to consider, contemplate”) + -μα (-ma).
-μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension
Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action
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θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation
From θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).
-ῐ́ᾱ • (-íā) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Added to stems of adjectives, rarely to the stems of verbs, and even more rarely to the stems of nouns, to form feminine abstract nouns
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θεωρητικός • (theoritikós) m (feminine θεωρητική, neuter θεωρητικό)
theoretical, abstract
hypothetical, imaginary
(as a noun) theorist, theoretician
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θεατός • (theatós) m (
θεατή - feminine
θεατό - neuter
Adjective
("visible, in sight, seen")
η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon)
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θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension
Noun
(“theatre, gathering place”)
(“play, spectacle”)
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θεωρούμαι • (theoroúmai) passive (past θεωρήθηκα, active θεωρώ)
Passive Verb
(“to be considered”)
Polytonic spelling: θεωροῦμαι (theōroûmai)
θωρούσα • (thoroúsa)
1st person singular imperfect form of θωρώ (thoró).
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θεωρώ • (theoró) (past θεώρησα, passive θεωρούμαι) consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω (nomízo) scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω (eléncho) validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω (epikyróno) examine (a text to make corrections.)
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θεωρείο • (theoreío) n (plural θεωρεία)
box, loge, gallery at a theatre, concert hall, parliament
τιμή εισιτηρίου για πλατεία, εξώστη, θεωρείο
timí eisitiríou gia plateía, exósti, theoreío
price of ticket for stalls, balcony, box
θεωρός (theorós, “spectator”) + -είο (-eío, “place denomination”)
-είο • (-eío) n
added to a noun to denote a relationship with a place, building, etc
ιατρός (iatrós, “doctor”) + -είο (-eío) → ιατρείο (iatreío, “doctor’s surgery”)
νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”) + τάφος (táfos, “grave”) + -είο (-eío) → νεκροταφείο (nekrotafeío, “cemetery”)
έλαιο (élaio, “oil”) + τρίβω (trívo, “to grind”) + -είο (-eío) → ελαιοτριβείο (elaiotriveío, “olive press”)
άρτος (ártos, “bread”) + πωλώ (poló, “to sell”) + -είο (-eío) → αρτοπωλείο (artopoleío, “bread shop”)
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θεωρία • (theoría) f
Noun
theory
contemplation
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Adjective
θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό)
visible, in sight, seen
η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης ―
i theatí plevrá tis Selínis ―
the visible side of the moon
θεατή (feminine)
of the spectator,
in the nominative,
the causal and the vocative of the singular
θεατοί (plural)
spectators
spectator, in the nominative and the accusative plural
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θεωρητικός • (theoritikós) m (feminine θεωρητική, neuter θεωρητικό) Adjective theoretical, abstract hypothetical, imaginary (as a noun) theorist, theoretician
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Adverb
θεατρικά • (theatriká)
theatrically
Antonym: αντιθεατρικά (antitheatriká)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
declension of θεατός
Synonyms
ορατός (oratós)
ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό)
("visible, in sight, seen")
Related terms
θέατρο n (“theatre”)
αθέατος (“invisible”) adjective
θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) Noun theatre (UK), theater (US) theatre building, audience Όλο το θέατρο χειροκρότησε δυνατά.― The whole theatre applauded loudly. θέατρο σκιών ― théatro skión ― shadow theatre dramatic art theatre of war.
αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο)
Adjective
invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen.
η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon)
θεωρέω
θεωρώ
θωρώ
θεώρησα (simple past)
θεωρούμαι (passive)
EXAMINE - CONSIDER - LOOK OVER
Verb
θεωρώ • (theoró) ( θεώρησα - simple past θεωρούμαι - passive Verb consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω examine a text to make corrections.
From Ancient Greek θεωρῶ (theōrô). Doublet of θωρώ (thoró).
For sense “validate a document”, semantic loan from French viser (“issue with a visa”).
For sense “examine a text”, semantic loan from French réviser (“revise, review”).
Conjugation
θωρώ • (thoró)
Verb
(vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over
Πῶς μᾶς θωρεῖς ἀκίνητος;… Ποῦ τρέχει ὁ λογισμός σου
Pós mas thoreís akínitos?… Poú tréchei o logismós sou
How do you gaze upon us, still… And where your thoughts are drifting
literal: How do you gaze upon us, immobile… Where is your thinking running to?
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θεωρέω • (theōréō) Verb I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize.
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θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n (genitive θεωρήμᾰτος); third declension Noun sight, spectacle vision, intuition speculation, theory, proposition (in the plural) arts and sciences (mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement investigation, inquiry.
Latin: theōrēma n (genitive theōrēmatis); third declension
Noun
(“a theorem, a proposition to be proved”)
From Ancient Greek θεώρημα (theṓrēma, “speculation, proposition to be proved”) (Euclid),
From θεωρέω (“I look at, view, consider, examine”)
From θεωρός (“spectator”)
From θέα (“a view”) + ὁράω (“I see, look”).
From θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension
Noun
(“view, sight”)
θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review.
θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n θαύμᾰτος - genitive Noun a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment. From the root of θεάομαι (“to wonder at, gaze at”) + -μᾰ (-inchoate noun of becoming).
θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) Verb (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired.
Pronunciation
IPA
/tʰau̯.máz.dɔː/ → /θaβˈma.zo/ → /θavˈma.zo/
From θαῦμα (“wonder, marvel”) + -άζω (denominative verb suffix).
IPA(key): /tʰâu̯.ma/ → /ˈθaβ.ma/ → /ˈθav.ma/
θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“Wonderful, marvellous, Admirable”)
θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό)
Adjective
admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid
(archaic) brave (splendid)
θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ―
thavmastós kainoúrios kósmos ―
brave new world
From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) + -τος (adjective suffix).
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SUFFIX
-μα • (-ma) n
added to a verb form to create gerund and action nouns:
καπνίζω (“to smoke”) + -μα → κάπνισμα (“smoking”)
ζεσταίνω (“to heat up”) + -μα → ζέσταμα (“warming up”)
τελειώνω (“to end”) + -μα → τελείωμα (“ending”)
ανοίγω (“to open”) + -μα → άνοιγμα (“opening”)
-μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension
Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action:
γράφω (“write”) → γράμμα (“that which is written”)
σχίζω (“divide”) → σχίσμα (“that which is divided”)
ἀθλέω (“compete”) → ἄθλημα (“a contest”)
ἀθύρω (“play”) → ἄθυρμα (“a toy”)
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ἀναθεωρέω (anatheōréō) ἀποθεωρέω (apotheōréō) διαθεωρέω (diatheōréō) ἐνθεωρέω (entheōréō) ἐπιθεωρέω (epitheōréō) θεώρημα (theṓrēma) θεώρησις (theṓrēsis) θεωρητικός (theōrētikós) θεωρητός (theōrētós) καταθεωρέω (katatheōréō) παραθεωρέω (paratheōréō) περιθεωρέω (peritheōréō) προαποθεωρέω (proapotheōréō) προεπιθεωρέω (proepitheōréō) προθεωρέω (protheōréō) προσθεωρέω (prostheōréō) συνεπιθεωρέω (sunepitheōréō) συνθεωρέω (suntheōréō) ὑποθεωρέω (hupotheōréō)
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θεωρεῖον - place for seeing θεωρέω - to be a θεώρημα - sight, spectacle θεωρηματικός - to be interpreted as seen θεωρημάτιον - [unavailable] θεωρήμων - contemplative θεώρησις - viewing θεωρητέον - one must consider, investigate θεωρητήριον - seat in a theatre θεωρητής - spectator θεωρητικός - able to perceive θεωρητός - that may be seen θεώρητρα - presents made by the bridegroom θεωρία - sending of θεωρικός - of θεώριος - box θεωρίς - sacred ship, which carried the θεωροδοκέω - act as θεωροδοκία - office of θεωρόδοκος - one who receives the θεωρός - envoy sent to consult an oracle θεωροσύνη - [unavailable]
θεάομαι
I VIEW - CONTEMPLATE
Verb
OBSERVE
θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb (middle passive) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review
θωρώ
GAZE - LOOK OVER - EXAMINE
θωρώ • (thoró)
(vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over
Πῶς μᾶς θωρεῖς ἀκίνητος;… Ποῦ τρέχει ὁ λογισμός σου
Pós mas thoreís akínitos?… Poú tréchei o logismós sou
How do you gaze upon us, still… And where your thoughts are drifting
literal: How do you gaze upon us, immobile… Where is your thinking running to?
Poem by Aristotelis Valaoritis (1824-1879)
Related terms[edit]
θωριά (thoriá) (vernacular, poetic)
θεωρέω • (theōréō) I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize
θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension
spectator
envoy sent to consult an oracle
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From θέᾱ (théā, “sight”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”). Although with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”).
Etymology
For *θάϝᾱ, from the root of θεάομαι (theáomai) and θαῦμα (thaûma).
Noun[edit]
θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension
view, sight
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θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension
a wonder, marvel, something strange
(in the plural) jugglers’ tricks
the feeling of wonder, astonishment
From the root of θεάομαι (theáomai, “to wonder at, gaze at”) + -μᾰ (-ma).
θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired
From θαῦμα (thaûma, “wonder, marvel”) + -άζω (-ázō, denominative verb suffix).
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Etymology
From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) + -τος (-tos, adjective suffix).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /tʰau̯.mas.tós/ → /θaβ.masˈtos/ → /θav.masˈtos/
Adjective[edit]
θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension
Wonderful, marvellous
Admirable
From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) + -τος (-tos, adjective suffix).
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Adjective
θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό)
Adjective
admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid
(archaic) brave (splendid)
θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― thavmastós kainoúrios kósmos ― brave new world
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θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine)
I view, watch, observe, gaze.
I contemplate
I review
Of the mind, contemplate.
To View, as in spectators, esp. in the theatre,
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θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine)
Noun
one who sees or goes to see
spectator, member of the audience in the theater
one who contemplates
θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές)
Noun
spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker
θεάομαι (theáomai, “to gaze at”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent noun suffix)
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θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό)
visible, in sight, seen
η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon)
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θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα)
theatre (UK), theater (US)
theatre building, audience
Όλο το θέατρο χειροκρότησε δυνατά. ― Ólo to théatro cheirokrótise dynatá. ― The whole theatre applauded loudly.
θέατρο σκιών ― théatro skión ― shadow theatre
dramatic art
theatre of war
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αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο)
invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen
η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon)
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αθεάτριστος • (atheátristos) m (feminine αθεάτριστη, neuter αθεάτριστο)
Adjective
not theatregoing, ignorant of the theatre, untheatrical
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θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension
theatre, gathering place
play, spectacle
From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to view”) + -τρον (-instrument noun).
-τρον • (-tron) n (genitive -τρου); second declension
Forms instrument nouns.
*(é)-trom n
Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.
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Derived terms ἀναθεωρέω (anatheōréō) ἀποθεωρέω (apotheōréō) διαθεωρέω (diatheōréō) ἐνθεωρέω (entheōréō) ἐπιθεωρέω (epitheōréō) θεώρημα (theṓrēma) θεώρησις (theṓrēsis) θεωρητικός (theōrētikós) θεωρητός (theōrētós) καταθεωρέω (katatheōréō) παραθεωρέω (paratheōréō) περιθεωρέω (peritheōréō) προαποθεωρέω (proapotheōréō) προεπιθεωρέω (proepitheōréō) προθεωρέω (protheōréō) προσθεωρέω (prostheōréō) συνεπιθεωρέω (sunepitheōréō) συνθεωρέω (suntheōréō) ὑποθεωρέω (hupotheōréō)
ἀναθαυμάζω (anathaumázō) ἀποθαυμάζω (apothaumázō) ἐκθαυμάζω (ekthaumázō) ἐπιθαυμάζω (epithaumázō) θαυμαστός (thaumastós) προσθαυμάζω (prosthaumázō) συνθαυμάζω (sunthaumázō) ὑπερθαυμάζω (huperthaumázō)
Synonyms[edit] ορατός (oratós) Related terms[edit] θέατρο n (théatro, “theatre”) αθέατος (athéatos, “invisible”)
αθέατος (athéatos, “invisible”)
αθεάτριστος (atheátristos, “not theatre going”)
θέα (théa, “view”)
θεατός (theatós, “visible”)
ῐ̔́στωρ
JUDGE - DISCERN
ῐ̔́στωρ • (hístōr) m (genitive ῐ̔́στορος); third declension
one who knows law and right, judge
witness
a wise man
From Proto-Hellenic *wístōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr (“knower, wise person”), from *weyd- (“to see”).
ῐ̔στορέω • (historéō)
to inquire, ask (of someone, or regarding someone/something)
to examine, observe
to record, give an account of what one has learned
ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension
inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science
body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry
written account of such inquiries, narrative, history
From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “I inquire”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”).
ιστορίαν (istorían) f
history
From Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía), related to Greek ιστορία (istoría).
ιστορία • (istoría) f (plural ιστορίες)
history
story
love affair
ανιστόρητος (anistóritos, “unhistorical”)
ιστορικά (istoriká, “historically”)
ιστορικό n (istorikó, “history, event log”)
ιστορικός (istorikós, “historical”, adjective)
ιστορικός c (istorikós, “historian”)
ιστορικώς (istorikós, “historically”)
ιστορικό • (istorikó) n (plural ιστορικά)
Noun
(historical) time-line, history, event log
(medicine) medical records, case history
see: ιστορία (“academic subject, study of history”)
From Proto-Indo-European *wéydtōr (“knower, wise person”) *wéydtōr m one who has seen, one who knows From *weyd- + *-tōr. Root *weyd- (stative) to see
From Proto-Indo-European/ weyd-
*wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative)
*widónts (“seeing”)
*wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”)
Cognates Ancient Greek: εἶδον (to see, examine, investigate)
ληψη
DOWNLOAD - INSTALLMENT- UPDATE SOFTWARE
λήψη απόφασης
decision-making
λήψης
Receive - reception
λήψη
download
what they receive , capture , acceptance
taking the dose
the energy of reception, parsing , acceptance
( sequentially ) capture video , audio or other signal
the reception of the television signal is good
ψάχνω
ερευνώ
ζητώ
γυρεύω
SEARCH - INVESTIGATE - ASK - REQUEST
ψάχνω
ερευνώ
ζητώ
γυρεύω
ψάχνω • (psáchno) (simple past έψαξα, passive ψάχνομαι)
look for, hunt for, search, rummage.
and see the passive → ψάχνομαι
Synonyms ζητώ (zitó) γυρεύω (gyrévo) ερευνώ (erevnó) Related terms[edit] άψαχτος (ápsachtos) ψάξιμο n (psáximo, “search”) ψαχούλεμα n (psachoúlema) ψαχουλεύω (psachoulévo)
ψάχνομαι • (psáchnomai) passive (simple past ψάχτηκα, active ψάχνω)
Verb
I am searched for
I am searched
(idiomatic, colloquial, only in the passive) I wonder and research
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Similar Words καθετήρας noun common kathetíras catheter, probe ματιά noun common matiá eyes, look, glance, glimpse, ogle λεπτομερής έλεγχος noun uncommon leptomerís élenchos scrutiny εξερεύνηση noun uncommon exerévnisi exploration ανιχνευτής noun uncommon anichnef̱tí̱s detector, tracker, scout, sleuth κυνηγητό noun uncommon kynigitó chase κυνήγι noun uncommon kynígi hunting, hunt, chase, shoot, shooting σάρωση noun uncommon sárosi scan έρευνα noun uncommon érev̱na research, investigation, inquiry, search, rummage βοσκή noun uncommon voskí pasture, pasturage, forage
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ερευνώ
From Ancient Greek ἔρευνα (“inquiry”).
IPA(key): /ˈɛ.ɾɛv.na/
ερευνητής • (erevnitís) m (plural ερευνητές, feminine ερευνήτρια)
Noun
research worker, researcher
searcher, detective
ερευνήτρια • (erevnítria) f (plural ερευνήτριες, masculine ερευνητής)
Noun
research worker, researcher
searcher, detective
Synonyms[edit] αναζητώ (anazitó) γυρεύω (gyrévo) ζητώ (zitó) ψάχνω (psáchno)
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εἴρω • (eírō) Verb to say, speak, tell From Proto-Hellenic *wéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *wéryeti, ye- present from the root *werh₁- (“to speak”).
εἴρω • (eírō) Verb I tie, join, fasten, string together I insert From Proto-Hellenic *héřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”).
ἐρέω • (eréō)
Verb
Epic and Ionic form of ἔρομαι (éromai, “ask”)
ἐρέω • (eréō)
Verb
first-person singular future active indicative uncontracted of εἴρω (eírō) and λέγω (légō)
ἔρομαι • (éromai)
Verb
to ask
Akin to Old Norse raun (“trial, experience”).
ερευνώ (erevnó, “to research, to search”)
ερευνητής m (erevnitís, “research worker”)
ερευνήτρια f (erevnítria, “research worker”)
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εἴρων • (eírōn) m (genitive εἴρωνος); third declension
One who says less than they think, dissembler, pretender.
Perhaps related to εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”) or ἔρομαι (éromai, “I ask”).
εἰρωνείᾱ • (eirōneíā) f (genitive εἰρωνείᾱς); first declension
Noun
hypocrisy, deception, especially a feigned ignorance
An assumed appearance, pretext
From εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).
IRONY
Latin - ironia
ironia f (diminutive ironijka)
irony
IRONY - from εἴρων
From Middle French ironie, from Old French, from Latin īrōnīa, from Ancient Greek εἰρωνεία (eirōneía, “irony, pretext”), from εἴρων (eírōn, “one who feigns ignorance”).
irony (countable and uncountable, plural ironies)
A statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.[1]
Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play.
Ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist; Socratic irony.
The state of two usually unrelated entities, parties, actions, etc. being related through a common connection in an uncommon way.
(informal)[2][3] Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected. [from the 1640s]
Suffix
-ῐ́ᾱ • (-íā) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Added to stems of adjectives, or rarely to the stems of verbs, to form feminine abstract nouns
————————————————
SAY - SPEAK
Derived terms ἄρρητος (árrhētos) εἴρων (eírōn) (possibly) ῥῆμα (rhêma) ῥητήρ (rhētḗr) ῥητός (rhētós) ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr)
(say, speak): ἀγορεύω (agoreúō), εἶπον (eîpon), λέγω (légō), φημί (phēmí)
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ῥήτωρ • (rhḗtōr) m (genitive ῥήτορος); third declension
orator, public speaker
politician, statesman
attorney, court advocate
judge
rhetorician
From εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”). Consists of ῥή- (rhḗ-) + -τωρ (-tōr).
Suffix
-τωρ • (-tōr) m (genitive -τορος); third declension
Used to form agent nouns
δώτωρ (dṓtōr, “a giver”), from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”)
From εἴρω (eírō, “I speak”). Consists of ῥή- (rhḗ-) + -τωρ (-tōr).
Latin - rhētor m (genitive rhētoris); third declension
teacher of rhetoric.
(derogatory) orator, rhetorician.
rhetorician (plural rhetoricians)
An expert or student of rhetoric.
Themistocles was a rhetorician.
An orator or eloquent public speaker.
rhetoric (countable and uncountable, plural rhetorics)
The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.
Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.
from ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speech”), from ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”).
ῥητορῐκός • (rhētorikós) m (feminine ῥητορῐκή, neuter ῥητορῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
concerning public speaking or oration, rhetorical
From ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”) + -ῐκός (-ikós)
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ζητέω • (zētéō) Verb to seek, search after, look for to inquire into, examine, consider to strive for, desire, wish
δίζημαι • (dízēmai)
(chiefly Epic) to seek out, look for
Could be from unattested *ζᾱτός, from the same root of δίζημαι (dízēmai, “I seek”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂, *dyeh₂. See also ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal”) and ζημία (zēmía, “damage, loss”).
αναζητώ • (anazitó) (simple past αναζήτησα, passive αναζητούμαι, αναζητιέμαι) Verb look for, seek, search for rummage pursue long for
αναζήτηση f (anazítisi, “hunt, pursuit”)
ανα- (ana-, “re-”) + ζητώ (zitó, “look for”)
ζητώ • (zitó) (simple past ζήτησα, passive ζητούμαι)
Alternative form of ζητάω (zitáo)
ζητάω • (zitáo) (simple past ζήτησα, passive ζητιέμαι) (formal)
ask for, request
Ζήτησα ένα ποτήρι νερό. ― Zítisa éna potíri neró. ― I asked for a glass of water.
Ζητάω μια καλή δουλειά, γι’ αυτό έβαλα αγγελία: «Ζητώ εργασία ως γραμματέας».
Zitáo mia kalí douleiá, gi’ aftó évala angelía: «Zitó ergasía os grammatéas».
I am looking for a nice job, so I’ve posted an advertisemnt: «Requesting position as secretary.»
Ζητώ συγχώρεση. ― Zitó synchóresi. ― I ask for forgiveness.
seek, look for
Zητώ μεταχειρισμένο αυτοκίνητο σε καλή κατάσταση.
Zitó metacheirisméno aftokínito se kalí katástasi.
I’m looking for a used car in good condition.
(passive, informal) I am in demand, sought-after
Πουλάμε πολλές ομπρέλες. Zητιούνται πολύ όταν βρέχει.
Pouláme pollés ompréles. Zitioúntai polý ótan vréchei.
We’re selling lots of umbrelas. The are in demand whenever it rains.
The verb conjugates in two ways: the usual -άω/ώ, -άς, -ά passive -ιέμαι (Class A of 2nd Conjugation) and the more formal -ώ, -είς, -εί, passive -ούμαι (Class B of 2nd Conjugation) which is used in phrases like:
Ζητώ εργασία ― Zitó ergasía ― I seek a position (job)
Ζητείται υπάλληλος ― Ziteítai ypállilos ― A clerk is sought
Ποιος τον ζητεί; ― Poios ton ziteí? ― on the phone: Who is calling (is asking for him)?
συζητώ • (syzitó) (simple past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι, συζητούμαι)
Verb
discuss, debate, talk over
συζητιέται (syzitiétai, “to be heard”)
συζητάω • (syzitáo) (simple past συζήτησα, passive συζητιέμαι, συζητούμαι)
Verb
Alternative form of συζητώ (syzitó)
ζήτημα • (zítima) n
matter, issue
question, subject, issue
ζήτηση • (zítisi) f (plural ζητήσεις)
Noun
call, demand, requirement
ζητιάνος • (zitiános) m (plural ζητιάνοι)
Noun masculine
male beggar
ζῆλος • (zêlos) m (genitive ζήλου); second declension
eager rivalry, zealous imitation, emulation, a noble passion quotations ▼
(with genitive) zeal for one quotations ▼
(with genitive) quotations ▼
(passive) the object of emulation or desire, happiness, bliss, honour, glory quotations ▼
(of the style of Asiatic Orators) extravagance, fierceness quotations ▼
ζήλος • (zílos) m
zeal
θρησκευτικός ζήλος ― religious zeal.
αντιζηλία f (antizilía)
αντίζηλος (antízilos)
αξιοζήλευτος (axiozíleftos, “enviable”, adjective)
επίζηλος (epízilos, “very desired”)
ζηλαδέρφι n (ziladérfi) (colloquial)
ζηλεμένος (zileménos, “desired, envied”, participle)
ζηλευτός (zileftós, “wanted, desired”, adjective)
ζηλεύω (zilévo, “envy, I am jealous”)
ζήλια f (zília, “jealousy”)
ζηλιάρης m (ziliáris, “jealous male”)
ζηλιάρα f (ziliára, “jealous female”)
ζηλιάρικος (ziliárikos, “jealous”, adjective)
ζηλιαρόγατος m (ziliarógatos, “very jealous”) ζηλιαρόγατα f (ziliarógata) (idiomatic, literally: a jealous cat)
ζηλοτυπία f (zilotypía, “jealousy - romantic and sexual context only”)
ζηλότυπος (zilótypos, “jealous - romantic and sexual context only”, adjective)
ζηλόφθονος (zilófthonos, “envious”)
ζηλοφθονώ (zilofthonó, “envy”)
ζηλώ (ziló, “desire, envy”) (ironic)
ζηλωτής m (zilotís, “zealot”)
κακόζηλος (kakózilos, “badly imitating”, adjective) (of text or speech)
περίζηλος (perízilos, “very desired”).
ζηλευτός • (zileftós) m (feminine ζηλευτή, neuter ζηλευτό)
enviable, coveted (desired by virtue of good qualities)
Επειδή ήταν ζηλευτό προϊόν, δεν έμεινε στο κατάστημα πολύ ώρα. ― Epeidí ítan zileftó proïón, den émeine sto katástima polý óra. ― Since it was a desired product, it didn’t stay for long in the store.
ζηλεύω (zilévo, “to be jealous, to be envious”) + -τος (-adjective).
αξιοζήλευτος • (axiozíleftos) m (feminine αξιοζήλευτη, neuter αξιοζήλευτο)
Adjective
enviable (arousing or likely to arouse envy) quotations ▼
Τι τυχερός που ήταν, να τον προσλάβουν σ’ αυτή την αξιοζήλευτη δουλειά! ― Ti tycherós pou ítan, na ton proslávoun s’ aftí tin axiozílefti douleiá! ― How lucky was he, to be hired for that enviable job!
αξιο- (axio-, “worthy of”) + ζηλεύω (zilévo, “to be jealous”) + -τος (-tos)
ζήλια f (zília, “envy”)
ζηλιάρης • (ziliáris) m (feminine ζηλιάρα, neuter ζηλιάρικο)
Adjective
envious, jealous, possessive
ζηλότῠπος • (zēlótupos) m or f (neuter ζηλότῠπον); second declension
jealous
eager
From ζῆλος (zêlos, “jealous”) + τῠ́πος (túpos, “blow”)
ζηλεύω • (zilévo) (simple past ζήλεψα, passive ζηλεύομαι)
Verb
(transitive, intransitive) envy, be jealous/envious (to feel resent or wonder at someone for a perceived advantage, material or not)
Τι ωραίο αμάξι που έχεις, ζηλεύω! ― Ti oraío amáxi pou écheis, zilévo! ― What a nice car you have, I’m jealous!
Τον ζηλεύω για τα λεφτά και την ωραία οικογένειά του. ― Ton zilévo gia ta leftá kai tin oraía oikogéneiá tou. ― I’m jealous of his money and his lovely family.
(transitive, more specifically) be jealous, suspect (to be suspecting rivalry in love; to be suspicious of a lover or spouse’s fidelity) quotations ▼
Ζηλεύει τη γυναίκα του και φοβάται να την αφήσει μόνη τους πουθενά.
Zilévei ti gynaíka tou kai fovátai na tin afísei móni tous pouthená.
He suspects his wife (of cheating) and won’t let her go anywhere alone.
ζηλόω • (zēlóō) Vrrb I emulate I am jealous From ζῆλος (zêlos) + -όω (-óō). -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
Synonyms[edit]
(envy): φθονώ (fthonó), εποφθαλμιώ (epofthalmió), ζηλοτυπώ (zilotypó) (romantic and sexual context only)
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γυρεύω • (gyrévo) (simple past γύρεψα) rare passive: γυρεύομαι[1]
Verb
(informal) look for, want
Inherited from Mediaeval Byzantine Greek γυρεύω, from Hellenistic Koine Greek γῡρεύω (gūreúō, “run round in a circle”) from the ancient γῦρος (gûros, “ring, cirgle”)
γύρος m (gýros, “round, perimeter”)
——- ———
FROM GYROSCOPE
Suffix
*(Ø)-rós
Forms adjectives from Caland system roots.
γῦρος • (gûros) m (genitive γῡ́ρου); second declension
ring, circle
Latin - gȳrus m (genitive gȳrī); second declension
circle
a circular motion
a circuit, course, ring
(by extension) place where horses are trained
γύρος • (gýros) m (plural γύροι)[5]
round, perimeter, rim quotations ▼
Synonyms: περίμετρος (perímetros), περιφέρεια (periféreia)
Expression: κάνω (káno) + accusative: κάνω το γύρο (káno to gýro, “make the round, go around”)
brim (of a hat) quotations ▼
bout, round, movement on a circle quotations ▼
«Ο γύρος του κόσμου σε ογδόντα ημέρες», μυθιστόρημα του Ιουλίου Βερν.
«O gýros tou kósmou se ogdónta iméres», mythistórima tou Ioulíou Vern.
«Around the World in Eighty Days», novel by Jules Verne.
a walk or stroll
Πάμε ένα γύρο στην πλατεία να δούμε τα παιδιά;
Páme éna gýro stin plateía na doúme ta paidiá?
Shall we go for a stroll to the square to see the guys?
Alternative form, feminine: γύρα (gýra) (colloquial)
bypass, detour, diversion from main route
Γίνονται έργα στη λεωφόρο και κάναμε ολόκληρο γύρο για να φτάσουμε.
Gínontai érga sti leofóro kai káname olókliro gýro gia na ftásoume.
There’s construction at the avenue, so we made a long detour to get there.
spread (of news)
Η είδηση του θανάτου της έκανε το γύρο του κόσμου.
I eídisi tou thanátou tis ékane to gýro tou kósmou.
The news of her death made international headlines. Literally: made the tour of the world.)
lap, round, tour (sport, game, elections)
προκριματικός γύρος - δεύτερος γύρος ― prokrimatikós gýros - défteros gýros ― preliminary round - second round
tour, turn (work)
From Koine Greek γῦρος (gûros, “rounding, circle”), substantivized from Ancient Greek γῡρός (gūrós, “round”)[1], from Proto-Hellenic *gūrós[2], possibly from Proto-Indo-European *guH-ró-s, from *geHu- (“to bend, curve”) + *-rós.[3][4] Possible cognate with Sanskrit गोल (gola, “circle”).
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νοώ
νοῦς
εννοώ
κατανοώ
έννοια
χᾰνδᾰ́νω
λᾰμβᾰ́νω
COMPREHEND
Com-Pre-Hend
Thought Think Understand Cognition Mental
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LATIN
*hendō (present infinitive *hendere, perfect active *hendī, supine *hēnsum); third conjugation
(“I hold”)
Latin - prehendō
prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehēnsum); third conjugation
I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch
I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of
I take by surprise, catch in the act
(of trees) I take root
(poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain
(poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye
(figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp.
Latin praeda f (genitive praedae); first declension
plunder, spoils of war, booty
prey, game taken in the hunt
gain, profit
From prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”)
From Ancient Greek χανδάνω (“hold, contain”)
from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find, hold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to hold”), English get (from Old Norse geta).
hedera f (genitive hederae); first declension
(“ivy”)
hedera (plural hederas)
(horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera.
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”)
the same source as Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to get, grasp”).
χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic)
(transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain
(figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing]
from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”).
*gʰed-
(“to find, to hold”)
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λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize I take by force, plunder I exact (punishment)
(of emotions) I seize
(of a god) I possess
(of darkness, etc.) I cover I catch, overtake I catch, discover, detect I bind (under oath) I keep I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand
(logic) I assume, take as granted I undertake I receive, get I receive hospitably I receive in marriage I conceive I admit
(of emotions) (middle) I take hold of I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure I check myself
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εννοώ • (ennoó) (past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι)
Verb
mean, signify
understand
I am decided, have made up my mind
(at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course.
from εν- (“in”) + νοώ (“think, understand”).
κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα)
Verb
understand
Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.
έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες) Noun concept, meaning, essential features. From Ancient Greek ἔννοια. Mophologically from εν- (“in”) + νους (“mind”).
From ἐννοέω (‘to consider, reflect upon”) + -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun).
ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension
Noun
the act of thinking, thought, consideration
a thought, notion, conception
a thought, intent, design
(lexicography) the sense of a word
(in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence.
From Ancient Greek νοῦς (“mind, reason, understanding”).
νους • (nous) m (plural νόες)
Noun
mind, brains
κοινός νους • (koinós nous) m (uncountable) Noun common sense Declension[edit] see: κοινός (koinós) and νους (nous)
κοινή λογική • (koiní logikí) f (uncountable)
Noun
common sense
νέω
I SPIN - A THREAD
Verb
νέω • (néō)
Verb
I spin. I weave a thread.
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁-
*(s)neh₁-
(“to spin (thread), to sew”)
_____________________________
LATIN
neō (present infinitive nēre, perfect active nēvī, supine nētum); second conjugation
VERB
(transitive) I spin; weave, interlace, entwine.
From Proto-Italic *nēō
from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁-
From Latin - nētus (feminine nēta, neuter nētum); first/second-declension participle
Participle
(“woven”)
__________________________________
SANSKRIT
sutra (n.)
in Buddhism, “series of aphorisms” concerning ceremonies, rites, and conduct, 1801, from Sanskrit sutram “rule,” literally “string, thread” (as a measure of straightness), from sivyati “sew,” from PIE root *syu- “to bind, sew.” Applied also to rules of grammar, law, philosophy, etc., along with their commentaries.
*syu-
syū-, also sū:-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bind, sew.”
It forms all or part of: accouter; couture; hymen; Kama Sutra; seam; sew; souter; souvlaki; sutra; sutile; suture.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sivyati “sews,” sutram “thread, string;” Greek hymen “thin skin, membrane,” hymnos “song;” Latin suere “to sew, sew together;” Old Church Slavonic šijo “to sew,” šivu “seam;” Lettish siuviu, siuti “to sew,” siuvikis “tailor;” Russian švec “tailor;” Old English siwian “to stitch, sew, mend, patch, knit together.”
νέω νοώ νοέω νοητό νόος γνῶ γνῶσῐς γιγνώσκω οἶδα ιδέα
MIND
νέω νοώ νοητό νόμος νέα γνῶ ιδέα γιγνώσκω / γινώσκω and οἶδα are nearly interchangeable ἵστημι ιδιο γυμνός λήψη θέλω σημασία ευφυής
————————————-
νοέω
νοῶ νοητός νοητή νοητό νοημοσύνη
κατανοητός
κατανοητή
κατανοητό
νόημα
νοήματα
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γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension
inquiry
knowledge
fame
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νέος
NEW - YOUNG - FRESH - NEWS
Adverb
From Ancient Greek νέος (“young”)
Adverb
new, young, novel, fresh, modern, juvenile.
from Proto-Hellenic
from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.
*néwos
New
From Middle English newe,
from Old English nīwe, nēowe (“new”),
from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz (“new, fresh”),
from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos (“new”).
Compare also Old English nū (“now”).
More at now.
Old English - nū
Adverb
nū
now
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From Latin - nūdus (feminine nūda, neuter nūdum); first/second declension unclothed, nude, naked stripped, deprived, destitute poor, needy bare, simple, pure unadorned
From Proto-Italic *nogʷedos,
from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷedós,
from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.
Cognates include Ancient Greek γυμνός (“naked”),
Sanskrit नग्न (nagna),
Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬕𐬥𐬀 (maġna),
Old Armenian մերկ (merk) and
Old English nacod (whence English naked).
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γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension Adjective naked, unclad unarmed, without armor, defenseless bare, uncovered stripped, destitute lightly clad mere.
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NOW
now (adv.)
Old English nu “now, at present, immediately; now that,” also used as an interjection and as an introductory word; common Germanic (Old Norse nu, Dutch nu, Old Frisian nu, German nun, Gothic nu “now”), from PIE *nu “now” (source also of Sanskrit and Avestan nu, Old Persian nuram, Hittite nuwa, Greek nu, nun, Latin nunc, Old Church Slavonic nyne, Lithuanian nū, Old Irish nu-). Perhaps originally “newly, recently,” and related to the root of new.
hic et nunc
Latin, literally “here and now,” from demonstrative pronominal adjective of place hic “this, here” + nunc “now” (see now).
νυν • (nyn) now, currently. Synonyms τώρα (tóra) Derived terms νυν και αεί (“now and forever”)
τώρα • (tóra)
now.
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NEW
new (adj.)
Old English neowe, niowe, earlier niwe “new, fresh, recent, novel, unheard-of, different from the old; untried, inexperienced,”
from Proto-Germanic *neuja-
source also of Old Saxon niuwi,
Old Frisian nie,
Middle Dutch nieuwe,
Dutch nieuw,
Old High German niuwl,
German neu,
Danish and Swedish ny, Gothic niujis “new”),
from PIE *newo- “new”
source also of Sanskrit navah,
Persian nau,
Hittite newash,
Greek neos,
Lithuanian naujas,
Old Church Slavonic novu,
Russian novyi,
Latin novus,
Old Irish nue,
Welsh newydd “new”).
LATIN - Novus novus (feminine nova, neuter novum); first/second declension new 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Ecclesiastes.1.10: nihil sub sole novum there is nothing new under the sun fresh, young recent unusual, extraordinary.
From Proto-Italic *nowos, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos. Cognates include Old English nīwe (English new), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), and Sanskrit नव (náva).
Proto-Italic *nowos fails to become Latin *nuus due to specific conditions in the development of Latin, namely -o-(w)- being in the first syllable, whereas *dē nowōd (“anew”) became dēnuō.
νοέω
νοῶ νοητός νοητή νοητό νοημοσύνη
κατανοητός
κατανοητή
κατανοητό
νόημα
νοήματα
TO CONCEIVE
Verb
νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean.
A distinction is typically made between…
simply seeing (εἴδω) and…
seeing ‘accompanied by’ mental perception (νοέω)
νοέω combines symbolic concept with object perceived.
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νοέω νοητός κατανοητός κατανόηση διανοέομαι (dianoéomai) διχονοέω (dikhonoéō)
δυσνοέω (to be ill-affected)
ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”)
ἐπινοέω (have on one’s mind, have in one’s mind, intend, purpose)
εὐνοέω (to have kind thoughts, be well affected, or kindly disposed towards, make friends.)
κατανοέω (to consider attentively, fix one’s eyes or mind upon)
μετανοέω (metanoéō) to change ones mind.
νόημα (nóēma) sense, meaning, instance of thought, becoming a thought.
νόησις (nóēsis) abstract noun, process of thinking as object.
νοητικός (noētikós) Adj. - (a “thinking” man)
παρανοέω (paranoéō) (“think it through on all sides”)
προνοέω (pronoéō) prior thought
ὑπονοέω (huponoéō) conjecture, suppose.
Original Word: ὑπονοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: huponoeó Phonetic Spelling: (hoop-on-o-eh'-o) Definition: to suspect, conjecture Usage: I conjecture, suppose, suspect, deem.
νοημοσύνη: intelligence
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From Ancient Greek νοητός (noētós)
from Ancient Greek νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think out”).
νοητός • (noïtós) masculine
νοητή - feminine
νοητό - neuter
(formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind)
From νοητός (“conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) + -τῐκός (“verbal adjective suffix”).
Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι’ αυτήν.
It’s inconceivable for you to risk your life for her.
νοητός άξονας της Γης.
the Earth’s imaginary axis.
νοητός • (noïtós) m
νοητή - feminine
νοητό - neuter
Noun / Adjective
(formal)
("conceivable, perceptible")
("intelligible, comprehensible")
("able to be imagined in the mind")
Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι’ αυτήν. ―
It’s inconceivable for you to risk your life for her.
(formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind)
ο νοητός άξονας της Γης ― the Earth’s imaginary axis
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κατανοητός • (katanoïtós) m (feminine κατανοητή, neuter κατανοητό)
Adjective
(“understandable, comprehensible”)
κατανόηση • (katanóisi) f
κατανόησεις - plural
Noun
(“comprehension, understanding”)
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νοημοσύνη
Noun
(“intelligence”)
νόημα • (nóima) n ()
νοήματα: plural
Noun
("sense, meaning") gesture
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
PERCEIVE
percept (n.)
1837, from Latin perceptum “(a thing) perceived,” noun use of neuter past participle of percipere (see perceive). Formed on model of concept.
perceive (v.)
c. 1300, via Anglo-French parceif, Old North French *perceivre (Old French perçoivre) “perceive, notice, see; recognize, understand,”
from Latin percipere “obtain, gather, seize entirely, take possession of,” also, figuratively, “to grasp with the mind, learn, comprehend,” literally “to take entirely,”
from per “thoroughly” + capere “to grasp, take,”
from PIE root *kap- “to grasp.”
Replaced Old English ongietan.
Both the Latin senses were in Old French, though the primary sense of Modern French percevoir is literal, “to receive, collect” (rents, taxes, etc.), while English uses the word almost always in the metaphorical sense. Related: Perceived; perceiving.
*per- (1)
Proto-Indo-European root forming prepositions, etc., meaning “forward,” and, by extension, “in front of, before, first, chief, toward, near, against,” etc.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit pari “around, about, through,”
Sanskrit parah “farther, remote, ulterior,”
Sanskrit pura “formerly, before,”
Sanskrit pra- “before, forward, forth;”
Avestan pairi- “around,” paro “before;”
Hittite para “outside of,”
Greek: peri "around, about, near, beyond," Greek: pera "across, beyond," Greek: paros "before," Greek: para "from beside, beyond," Greek: pro "before;"
Latin pro “before, for, on behalf of, instead of,”
porro “forward,”
prae “before,”
per “through;”
Old Church Slavonic pra-dedu “great-grandfather;” Russian pere- “through;”
Lithuanian per “through;”
Old Irish ire “farther,” roar “enough;”
Gothic faura “before,”
Old English fore (prep.) “before, in front of,” (adv.) “before, previously,” fram “forward, from,” feor “to a great distance, long ago;”
German vor “for;” Old Irish air- Gothic fair-,
German ver-,
Old English fer-, intensive prefixes.
*per- (2)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to lead, pass over.” A verbal root associated with *per- (1), which forms prepositions and preverbs with the basic meaning “forward, through; in front of, before,” etc.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit parayati “carries over;”
Greek poros “journey, passage, way,”
Greek peirein “to pierce, pass through, run through;”
Latin portare “to carry,” porta “gate, door,”
Latin portus “port, harbor,” originally “entrance, passage,”
Latin peritus “experienced;”
Avestan peretush “passage, ford, bridge;” Armenian hordan “go forward;”
Old Welsh rit, Welsh rhyd “ford;”
Old Church Slavonic pariti “to fly;”
Old English faran “to go, journey,”
Old Norse fjörðr “inlet, estuary.”
*per- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to try, risk,” an extended sense from root *per- (1) “forward,” via the notion of “to lead across, press forward.”
It forms all or part of: empiric; empirical; experience; experiment; expert; fear; parlous; peril; perilous; pirate.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Latin experiri “to try,” periculum “trial, risk, danger;”
Greek peria “trial, attempt, experience,” empeiros “experienced;”
Old Irish aire “vigilance;”
Old English fær “calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack,”
German Gefahr “danger,”
Gothic ferja “watcher.
grasp (v.)
mid-14c., “to reach, grope, feel around,” possibly a metathesis of grapsen,
from Old English *græpsan “to touch, feel,”
from Proto-Germanic *grap-, *grab-
source also of East Frisian grapsen “to grasp,”
Middle Dutch grapen “to seize, grasp,”
Old English grapian “to touch, feel, grope”
from PIE root *ghrebh- (1) “to seize, reach” (see grab (v.)).
With verb-formative -s- as in cleanse. Sense of “seize” first recorded mid-16c. Transitive use by 17c. Figurative use from c. 1600; of intellectual matters from 1680s. Related: Grasped; grasping.
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LATIN
capiō
capiō (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third conjugation iō-variant
I capture, seize, take
I take on
I take in, understand.
Cognate with Cornish kavout, Welsh cael, English have, heave, Lithuanian kàmpt, Albanian kap,
Captive
Captivate
Captain
Capital
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Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō)
To gulp down.
χάφτω • (cháfto) (simple past έχαψα) Verb Gobble up, eat up. (with gluttony) (figuratively) swallow. Buy (a lie without questioning)
χάβω • (chávo) (simple past έχαψα)
Alternative form of χάφτω (cháfto)
Ancient Greek χανδάνω (“hold, contain”).
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κᾰ́πτω • (káptō)
to gulp down.
From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂p-yé-ti, ye-present from the root *keh₂p- (“seize, grab”).
Cognates include Old English hebban and habban (English heave and have),
Latin capiō
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SEIZE
seize (v.)
mid-13c., from Old French seisir “to take possession of, take by force; put in possession of, bestow upon” (Modern French saisir),
from Late Latin sacire, which is generally held to be from a Germanic source, but the exact origin is uncertain.
Perhaps from Frankish *sakjan “lay claim to” (compare Gothic sokjan,
Old English secan “to seek;” see seek).
Or perhaps from Proto-Germanic *satjan “to place” (see set (v.)).
Originally a legal term in reference to feudal property holdings or offices. Meaning “to grip with the hands or teeth” is from c. 1300; that of “to take possession by force or capture” (of a city, etc.) is from mid-14c. Figurative use, with reference to death, disease, fear, etc. is from late 14c. Meaning “to grasp with the mind” is attested from 1855. Of engines or other mechanisms, attested from 1878. Related: Seized; seizing.
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OLD ENGLISH
Old English - hebban
to lift, to raise up
Ic hond and rond hebban mihte.
I could lift hand and shield. (Beowulf)
from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti
to seize; to grab.
*kh₂pyéti (imperfective)
to be grasping.
from the root *keh₂p- (“take, seize”).
From Proto-Germanic *habjaną
to have, hold.
Old English - onġietan
Get
From on- + ġietan.
(West Saxon) (poetic) to seize
(West Saxon) to see, perceive, understand.
From Proto-Germanic *getaną,
from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“take, seize, grasp”).
Old English - ġietan
(West Saxon) to get
Old English - on-
Forming verbs and adjectives from participles and nouns, with various senses of on, upon, to, there, thither.
onhlinian “to lean on”
ondōn “to don, put on clothes”
(inchoactive) in, into; prefix used to intensify an action or to denote origin or initiation
onlīehtan “to enlighten”
onstellan, onstiellan “to establish, institute, install, originate”
English - get
(ditransitive) To obtain; to acquire.
(transitive) To receive.
Proto-Germanic/ *getaną
to attain, acquire, get, receive, hold.
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰe(n)d- (“to take, seize”).
Cognate with Latin prehendō (“snatch, seize”)
Ancient Greek χανδάνω (“hold, contain”).
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TAKE
take (v.)
late Old English tacan “to take, seize,” from a Scandinavian source (such as Old Norse taka “take, grasp, lay hold,” past tense tok, past participle tekinn; Swedish ta, past participle tagit), from Proto-Germanic *takan- (source also of Middle Low German tacken, Middle Dutch taken, Gothic tekan “to touch”), from Germanic root *tak- “to take,” of uncertain origin, perhaps originally meaning “to touch.”
As the principal verb for “to take,” it gradually replaced Middle English nimen, from Old English niman, from the usual West Germanic verb, *nemanan (source of German nehmen, Dutch nemen; see nimble).
OED calls take “one of the elemental words of the language;” take up alone has 55 varieties of meaning in that dictionary’s 2nd print edition.
Basic sense is “to lay hold of,”
which evolved to “accept, receive” (as in take my advice) c. 1200;
“absorb” (take a punch) c. 1200;
“choose, select” (take the high road) late 13c.;
“to make, obtain” (take a shower) late 14c.;
“to become affected by” (take sick) c. 1300.
Take five is 1929, from the approximate time it takes to smoke a cigarette.
Take it easy first recorded 1880;
take the plunge “act decisively” is from 1876;
take the rap “accept (undeserved) punishment” is from 1930.
Phrase take it or leave it is recorded from 1897.
To take it out on (someone or something) “vent one’s anger on other than what caused it” is by 1840.
nimble (adj.)
“agile, light-footed,” c. 1300, nemel,
from Old English - næmel “quick to grasp”
Old English - niman “to take,”
from Proto-Germanic *nemanan
source also of Old Saxon, Old Dutch, Gothic niman, Old Norse “nema”
Old Frisian nima,
German nehmen “to take”
from PIE root *nem- “assign, allot; take.”
With unetymological -b- from c. 1500 (compare limb (n.1)). Related: Nimbleness. In 17c., English had nimblechaps “talkative fellow.”
*nem- Proto-Indo-European root meaning "assign, allot; take." It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek nemein "to deal out," Greek nemesis "just indignation;" Latin numerus "number;" Lithuanian nuoma "rent, interest;" Middle Irish nos "custom, usage;" German nehmen "to take."
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MODERN ENGLISH
English - Have
(transitive) To possess, own, hold.
(transitive) To be related in some way to (with the object identifying the relationship).
(transitive) To partake of a particular substance (especially a food or drink) or action.
(auxiliary verb, taking a past participle) Used in forming the perfect aspect and the past perfect aspect.
I have already eaten today.
I had already eaten.
From Middle English haven,
from Old English habban, hafian (“to have”),
from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have”), durative of *habjaną (“to lift, take up”),
from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂pyéti,
present tense of *keh₂p- (“to take, seize, catch”).
Notice that Latin habeō is not related to English have.
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CONCEIVE
Meaning "take into the mind, form a correct notion of" is from mid-14c., "form as a general notion in the mind" is from late 14c.,
figurative senses also found in the Old French and Latin words. Related: Conceived; conceiving.
from Latin concipere (past participle conceptus) “to take in and hold; become pregnant”
Spanish concebir,
Portuguese concebre,
Italian concepere
from con-, here probably an intensive prefix
see con- + combining form of capere “to take,”
from PIE root *kap- “to grasp.”
*kap-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to grasp.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit kapati “two handfuls;”
Greek kaptein “to swallow, gulp down,”
kope “oar, handle;”
Latin capax “able to hold much, broad,”
capistrum “halter,” capere “to grasp, lay hold; be large enough for; comprehend;”
Lettish kampiu “seize;”
Old Irish cacht “servant-girl,” literally “captive;”
Welsh caeth “captive, slave;”
Gothic haban “have, hold;”
Old English hæft “handle,” habban “to have, hold.”
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νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize.
3539 νοέω (from 3563 /νοῦς, “mind”) – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach “bottom-line” conclusions.
3539 (νοέω) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make.
This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning.
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Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.
3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking.
For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.
Ro 12:2,3: “And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect.
For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).
From nous; to exercise the mind (observe), i.e. (figuratively) to comprehend, heed – consider, perceive, think, understand.
to think upon, heed, ponder, consider.
to perceive with the mind, to understand.
To comprehend accurately.
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ACCURATE
accurate (adj.)
1610s, “done with care,” from Latin accuratus “prepared with care, exact, elaborate,” past participle of accurare “take care of,” from ad “to” (see ad-) + curare “take care of” (see cure (n.1)). The notion of doing something carefully led to that of being precise (1650s). A stronger word than correct (adj.), weaker than exact (adj.). Related: Accurately; accurateness.
cure (n.1)
c. 1300, “care, heed,” from Latin cura “care, concern, trouble,” with many figurative extensions over time such as “study; administration; office of a parish priest; a mistress,” and also “means of healing, successful remedial treatment of a disease” (late 14c.), from Old Latin coira-, a noun of unknown origin. Meaning “medical care” is late 14c.
cure (n.2)
“parish priest in France or a French country,” from French curé (13c.), from Medieval Latin curatus “one responsible for the care (of souls),” from Latin curatus, past participle of curare “to take care of” (see cure (v.) ). Also compare curate (n.).
curate (n.)
late 14c., “spiritual guide, ecclesiastic responsible for the spiritual welfare of those in his charge; parish priest,” from Medieval Latin curatus “one responsible for the care (of souls),” from Latin curatus, past participle of curare “to take care of” (see cure (v.)). Church of England sense of “paid deputy priest of a parish” first recorded 1550s.
curate (v.)
“be in charge of, manage” a museum, gallery, art exhibit, etc., by 1979 (implied in curated), a back-formation from curator or curation. Related: Curating. An earlier verb, curatize (1801) meant “be a (church) curate.”
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CUSTODIAN
custody (n.)
mid-15c., “a keeping, a guarding, safe-keeping, protection, defense,” from Latin custodia “guarding, watching, keeping,” also “prison,” from custos (genitive custodis) “guardian, keeper, protector,” from PIE root *(s)keu- “to cover, conceal.” Meaning “restraint of liberty, confinement” is from 1580s.
*(s)keu-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to cover, conceal.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kostha “enclosing wall,” skunati “covers;” Greek kytos “a hollow, vessel,” keutho “to cover, to hide,” skynia “eyebrows;” Latin cutis “skin,” ob-scurus “dark;” Lithuanian kiautas “husk,” kūtis “stall;” Armenian ciw “roof;” Russian kishka “gut,” literally “sheath;” Old English hyd “a hide, a skin,”
hydan “to hide, conceal; Old Norse sky “cloud;” Old English sceo “cloud;” Middle High German hode “scrotum;” Old High German scura, German Scheuer “barn;” Welsh cuddio “to hide.”
custodial (adj.)
1772, “relating to or of the nature of custody or guardianship,” from custody (Latin custodia) + -al (1). It is in French by 1752.
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LATIN
prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehensum); third conjugation
I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch
I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of
I take by surprise, catch in the act
(of trees) I take root
(poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain
(poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye
(figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp.
From prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; akin to Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”), and English get. Compare praeda (“prey”) (earlier praeheda) and hedera (“ivy”).
prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehensum); third conjugation
I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch
I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of
I take by surprise, catch in the act
(of trees) I take root
(poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain
(poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye
(figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp.
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GREEK
χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō)
(transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain
(figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing]
A nasal-infixed and -suffixed present from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Compare λαμβάνω (lambánō). Cognate with Latin prehendo, English get.
λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) I take I take hold of, grasp, seize. I plunder, take by force. (of emotions) I seize. (of a god) I possess. (of darkness, etc.) I cover. I catch, discover, detect.
λήψομαι • (lḗpsomai)
first-person singular future indicative middle of λαμβάνω (lambánō)
λάζομαι • (lázomai)
I seize, grasp.
I receive.
ἀναλάζομαι • (analázomai)
I take again.
ἔλᾰβον • (élabon)
first-person singular and third-person plural aorist indicative active of λαμβάνω (lambánō): I took or they took.
τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō)
Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be)
(of events) to happen, occur [+dative = to someone]
(of a person) to happen [+participle = to do something]
to succeed [+participle or infinitive = at doing]; to go successfully
to hit a target [+genitive]
to meet someone [+genitive]
to get or attain something [+genitive]
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μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō)
to perceive afterwards or too late.
to change one’s mind or purpose.
to repent.
μετᾰ́νοιᾰ • (metánoia) f (genitive μετᾰνοίᾱς); first declension
Noun
(“afterthought, repentance”)
From μετανοέω (“to perceive afterwards, repent”) + -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun).
ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲁ (metanoia) f
Noun
(“repentance, contrition”)
contrition
From Old French contrit, from Latin contrītus, perfect passive participle of conterō (“grind, bruise”), from con- + terō (“rub, wear away”).
Ancient Greek μετάνοια (metánoia, “repentance”), a compound of μετά (metá, “after, with”) and νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think”).
From μετᾰ- (meta-, suffix indicating change) + νοέω (noéō, “perceive by the eyes, observe”).
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νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean.
From νόος (nóos, “mind”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix).
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νοητῐκός • (noētikós) m (feminine νοητῐκή, neuter νοητῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“intellectual”)
From νοητός (“conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible”) + -τῐκός (“verbal adjective suffix”).
English: noetic
noetic (comparative more noetic, superlative most noetic)
Adjective
Of or pertaining to the mind or intellect.
Originating in or apprehended by reason.
from νοέω (noéō, “I see, understand”)
νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό)
Adjective
(formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind)
Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι’ αυτήν. ― It’s inconceivable for you to risk your life for her.
(formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind)
ο νοητός άξονας της Γης ― the Earth’s imaginary axis.
from Ancient Greek νοέω (noéō, “to perceive, to think out”).
Antonym: αἰσθητικός (aisthētikós)
αἰσθητῐκός • (aisthētikós) m (feminine αἰσθητῐκή, neuter αἰσθητῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
of or for perception of the senses; sensitive, perceptive
(“of things, those objects perceptible to senses”)
From αἴσθησῐς (“perception, sensation”) + -ῐκός (-adjective suffix).
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δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai)
Verb
to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do]
(“to think about, consider”)
From δῐᾰνοέω • (dianoéō)
Verb
Koine form of διανοέομαι (dianoéomai)
δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai)
Verb
to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do]
("to think about, consider")
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
noesis (countable and uncountable, plural noeses)
Noun
(in psychology) cognition, the functioning of intellect.
(in Greek philosophy) the exercise of reason.
(in metaphysical philosophy) the consciousness component of Noetic Theory, which concerns the duality of noesis and noema.
From Ancient Greek νόησις (nóēsis, “concept”, “idea”, “intelligence”, “understanding”)
from νοεῖν (noeîn, “to intend”, “to perceive”, “to see”, “to understand”)
from νοῦς (noûs, “mind”, “thought”)
from νόος (nóos) + -σις (-noun), suffix forming nouns of action.
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νοεῖν • (noeîn)
Verb
present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō)
Verb
("Apprehend, conceive, discern")
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anoesis (uncountable)
Noun
(psychology) The reception of impressions or sensations (by the brain) without any intellectual understanding.
As if from an Ancient Greek etymon of the form ἀνοησις (anoēsis, “lack of intelligence, lack of understanding”); compare the English noesis and the Ancient Greek ἀνόητος (anóētos, “inconceivable”).
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noema (plural noemata) Noun (philosophy) The perceived as perceived. (philosophy) That which is perceived in the noesis/noema duality (rhetoric) An obscure and subtle speech.
From Ancient Greek νόημα (nóēma, “concept”, “idea”, “perception”, “thought”)
νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n (genitive νοήμᾰτος); third declension Noun perception. thought, purpose, design. understanding, mind.
From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) + -μᾰ (-becoming a noun).
νοερός
MENTAL - INTELLECTUAL
Adjective
νοώ
INTELLECT - JUDICIOUS - PONDER
Verb
Prudent.
Thoughtful.
κατανοώ • (katanoó) (past κατανόησα)
understand
Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.
νόημᾰ
νοήμᾰτος
SENSE - MEANING - A THOUGHT ITSELF
THE THOUGHT AS A THING
Noun
A THOUGHT LEADING TO CONCLUSION
νόημᾰ • (nóēma) n
νοήμᾰτος - genitive
Noun
From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) + -μᾰ (-inchoative noun).
perception
thought, purpose, design
understanding, mind.
Thought, purpose, idea, design.
Thought as expressed in literary form.
That which is perceived, perception, thought.
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From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) + -μᾰ
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-μᾰ
Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action.
(“Becoming a noun”)
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νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα)
sense, meaning
gesture
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νόημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: noéma Phonetic Spelling: (no'-ay-mah) Definition: thought, purpose Usage: a thought, purpose, design; the mind; the heart, soul, feelings.
3540 nóēma (a neuter noun, derived from 3539 /noiéō, “to exert mental effort”) – properly, the mind, especially its final output (systematic understanding, TDNT). Note the -ma suffix which underlines the result of the thinking, i.e. the personal verdict that comes out of using the mind.
a mental perception, thought.
device, mind, thought.
From noieo; a perception, i.e. Purpose, or (by implication) the intellect, disposition, itself – device, mind, thought.
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νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize.
3539 noiéō (from 3563 /noús, “mind”) – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach “bottom-line” conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning.
to perceive with the mind, to understand
to think upon, heed, ponder, consider.
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νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect. HELPS Word-studies 3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God's thoughts, through faith.
Ro 12:2,3: “2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).
the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically,
a. the intellective faculty, the understanding
reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil.
the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially.
Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind (divine or human; in thought, feeling, or will); by implication, meaning – mind, understanding. Compare psuche.
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νοῦς
νόος
THE MENTAL CAPACITIES
MIND AS AN OBJECT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nous
Noun
The mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically,
The intellective faculty, the understanding.
the faculty of perceiving things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil.
The power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially.
A particular mode of thinking and judging.
Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.
3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.
Ro 12:2,3: “2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).
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νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension
Noun
mind
perception, sense
mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul
the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will
an act of mind
thought
purpose, design
the sense or meaning of a word
(in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason
(as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter.
Ἀριστόνοος
From ἄριστος (“best”) + νόος (“mind”)
A male given name, equivalent to English Aristonous.
Ἀρσίνοος
From ἄρσις (“elevation”) + νόος (“mind”)
A male given name
Arsinoos (the father of Hekamede)
Αὐτονόη
From αὐτός (autós) + νόος (nóos) + -η (-ē).
His mind.
Αὐτονόη • (Autonóē) f (genitive Αὐτονόης); first declension
A female given name: Autonoe
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nous (uncountable)
(philosophy) The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional.
In Neoplatonism, the divine reason, regarded as first divine emanation.
Common sense; practical intelligence.
nous m (plural nous) The nous, (divine) reason in philosophy.
μετᾰνοέω
TO CHANGE ONES MIND - REPENT
Verb
μετᾰνοέω • (metanoéō)
to perceive afterwards or too late
to change one’s mind or purpose
To repent
To regret
From μετᾰ- (suffix indicating change)
+ νοέω (“perceive by the eyes, observe”).
From νόος (“mind”) + -έω (denominative verbal suffix).
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REPENT
Borrowed from Old French repentir, from Vulgar Latin *repoenitere, from re- + a late derivative of poenitere (“be penitent”), alteration of Latin paenitere.
(intransitive) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for what one has done or omitted to do; the cause for repenting may be indicated with “of”.
(theology, intransitive) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to practice sin and to love.
(transitive) To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow.
(transitive) To be sorry for, to regret.
(archaic, transitive) To cause to have sorrow or regret.
(obsolete, reflexive) To cause (oneself) to feel pain or regret.
εννοώ
ἐννοέω
MEAN - SIGNIFY
What do you mean by that?
Verb
Morphologically…
from εν- (“in”) + νοώ (“think, understand”).
From Ancient Greek ἐννοέω / ἐννοῶ.
Sense understand, semantic loan from English mean.
εννοώ • (ennoó) εννόησα - simple past εννοούμαι - passive Verb mean, signify understand I am decided, have made up my mind (at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course.
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MEAN - MEANING
From Middle English menen (“to intend; remember; lament; comfort”),
from Old English mǣnan (“to mean, signify; lament”)
from Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, think; lament”),
from Proto-Indo-European *meyn- (“to think”).
Germanic cognates include West Frisian miene (“to deem, think”)
Old Frisian mēna (“signify”)
Dutch menen (“to believe, think, mean”)
Middle Dutch menen (“think, intend”)
German meinen (“to think, mean, believe”)
Old Saxon mēnian.
Indo-European cognates include…
Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”) and
Polish mienić (“signify, believe”).
Related to moan.
To intend.
(transitive) To intend, to plan (to do); to have as one’s intention. [from 8th c.]
(intransitive) To have intentions of a given kind. [from 14th c.]
Don’t be angry; she meant well.
(transitive, usually in passive) To intend (something) for a given purpose or fate; to predestine. [from 16th c.]
Actually this desk was meant for the subeditor.
Man was not meant to question such things.
To convey meaning.
(transitive) To convey (a given sense); to signify, or indicate (an object or idea). [from 8th c.]
The sky is red this morning—does that mean we’re in for a storm?
(transitive) Of a word, symbol etc: to have reference to, to signify. [from 8th c.]
What does this hieroglyph mean?
(transitive) Of a person (or animal etc): to intend to express, to imply, to hint at, to allude.
I’m afraid I don’t understand what you mean.
(transitive) To have conviction in (something said or expressed); to be sincere in (what one says). [from 18th c.]
Does she really mean what she said to him last night?
Say what you mean and mean what you say.
(transitive) To result in; to bring about. [from 19th c.]
One faltering step means certain death.
(transitive) To be important (to). [from 19th c.]
My home life means a lot to me.
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MEAN - Synonyms
(convey, signify, indicate): convey, indicate, signify
(want or intend to convey): imply, mean to say
(intend; plan on doing): intend
(have conviction in what one says): be serious
(have intentions of a some kind):
(result in; bring about): bring about, cause, lead to, result in
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Old English - mǣnan
to mean, to intend to indicate or signify (something or someone)
to mean, to intend (to do something)
to say, to relate
to mourn or lament
Proto-Germanic/ *mainijaną
to mean, think.
From Proto-Indo-European *meyn- (“to mean; think”).
Cognate with Old Irish mían (“wish; desire”).
Old Irish mían n, m (genitive méin, nominative plural míana) desire, inclination; object of desire. míanach (“desirous, eager, wishful”) míanaid (“desires, longs for”, verb) míangus (“eager desire”) Etymology 2 From Proto-Celtic *mēnis (“ore”) mían f (genitive méine) (mining) mineral, ore. míanach (“vein of ore, mine”) míanaige (“miner”)
έννοια
MEANING - NOTION - FACT OF THOUGHT - CONCLUSION
Noun
KNOWLEDGE - RESULT OF THOUGHT
Knowledge that has been down loaded into the brain.
ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f ἐννοίᾱς - genitive Noun the fact of thinking, thought, consideration. a thought, notion, conception a thought, intent, design (lexicography) the sense of a word (in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence.
From ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) + -ῐᾰ (abstract nouns)
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έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες)
concept, meaning, essential features
From Ancient Greek ἔννοια.
Mophologically from εν- (“in”) + νους (nous, “mind”).
ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension
the act of thinking, thought, consideration
a thought, notion, conception
a thought, intent, design
(lexicography) the sense of a word
(in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence.
From ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) + -ῐᾰ (abstract noun).
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ANTONYM
ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f
ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς - genitive
Noun
The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness.
άγνοια f (“ignorance”)
From ἀ- (“not”) + γιγνώσκω (“know”) + -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix).
άγνοια • (ágnoia) f (uncountable)
Noun
(“ignorance, unfamiliarity, unawareness”)
From Ancient Greek ἄγνοια (“not knowing”)
αγνοώ • (agnoó) simple past - αγνόησα passive - αγνοούμαι Verb not to know, be ignorant of ignore (someone deliberately)
αγνοώ (“to ignore, to be ignorant”)
αγνοούμενος m (“missing person”)
passive present participle.
αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m
feminine - αγνοούμενη
neuter - αγνοούμενο
("missing")
("military, posted as missing")
αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m
plural -αγνοούμενοι
feminine - αγνοούμενη
(“missing person”)
αγνοούμαι • (agnooúmai) passive simple past - αγνοήθηκα active - αγνοώ Verb (passive) be unknown (passive) be lost
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From Ancient Greek ἔννοια.
Mophologically…
from εν- (“in”) + νους (“mind”).
έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες)
concept, meaning, essential features.
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έγνοια
έννοια Alternative form of έγνοια (“care, concern”) έγνοια • (égnoia) f (plural έγνοιες) care, concern, preoccupation (feelings of responsibility)
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εννοώ • (ennoó) (simple past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι)
Morphologically, from εν- (“in”) + νοώ (“think, understand”).
mean, signify
understand
I am decided, have made up my mind
(at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course
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*gnō-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to know.”
late 14c., from Latin notionem (nominative notio) “concept, conception, idea, notice,”
noun of action
from past participle stem of noscere “come to know,”
from PIE root *gno- “to know.”
Coined by Cicero as a loan-translation of Greek ennoia “act of thinking, notion, conception,” or prolepsis “previous notion, previous conception.”
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κατανοώ
UNDERSTAND
Verb
κατανοώ • (katanoó)
κατανόησα - simple past
understand
Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ― I can understand basic words.
δῐᾰνοέομαι
διανόημα
νοῦς
TO THINK ABOUT - CONSIDER
Middle passive verb
(Passive- think within oneself)
δῐᾰνοέομαι • (dianoéomai)
to intend [+present or aorist or future infinitive = to do]
to think about, consider.
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διανόημα - a thought, an idea, a concept.
Think it through. (the subject matter)
The concept or idea thought about.
διανόημα: a thought Original Word: διανόημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: dianoéma Phonetic Spelling: (dee-an-o'-ay-mah) Definition: a thought Usage: a reasoning, thought, cogitation.
dianóēma (from 1223 /diá, “through,” which intensifies 3539 /noiéō, “to think”) – “think through, distinguish. This substantive is common in Plato, . . . for intent, purpose” (WP, 2, 161) but is only used in Lk 11:17 (critical text). See 1271 (dianoia).
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νοέω noeó: to perceive, think Original Word: νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize.
νοῦς
from 3563 /noús, “mind”) – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach “bottom-line” conclusions.
3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning.
to perceive with the mind, to understand.
to think upon, heed, ponder, consider.
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νοῦς
nous: mind, understanding, reason
Original Word: , νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: nous
Phonetic Spelling: (nooce)
Definition: mind, understanding, reason
Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.
HELPS Word-studies
3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking.
For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.
Ro 12:2,3: “2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, The as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).
the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically.
the intellective faculty, the understanding.
reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil.
to be furnished with the understanding of Christ.
the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially.
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pístis (from 3982/peithô, “persuade, be persuaded”) – properly, persuasion (be persuaded, come to trust); faith.
Faith (4102/pistis) is always a gift from God, and never something that can be produced by people.
“God’s divine persuasion” – and therefore distinct from human belief (confidence), yet involving it. The Lord continuously births faith in the yielded believer so they can know what He prefers, i.e. the persuasion of His will (1 Jn 5:4).
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PREFIX
Original Word: διά
Part of Speech: Preposition
Transliteration: dia
Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ah’)
Definition: through, on account of, because of
Usage: (a) gen: through, throughout, by the instrumentality of, (b) acc: through, on account of, by reason of, for the sake of, because of.
HELPS Word-studies
1223 diá (a preposition) – properly, across (to the other side), back-and-forth to go all the way through, “successfully across” (“thoroughly”). 1223 (diá) is also commonly used as a prefix and lend the same idea (“thoroughly,” literally, “successfully” across to the other side).
[1223 (diá) is a root of the English term diameter (“across to the other side, through”). Before a vowel, dia is simply written di̓.]
νόος
THREAD OF THOUGHT
Noun
νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension.
Of uncertain etymology
perhaps from νέω (“I spin”),
here meaning…
νέω
“to spin the thread of the mind”.
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Sutra (Sanskrit: सूत्र “string” or “thread”
A sutra is any short rule, like a theorem distilled into few words or syllables, around which teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven.
Suture
To stitch with a thread.
The Sanskrit word Sūtra (Sanskrit: सूत्र, Pali: sūtta, Ardha Magadhi: sūya) means “string, thread”.
The root of the word is siv, that which sews and holds things together.
The word is related to sūci (Sanskrit: सूचि) meaning “needle, list”, and sūnā (Sanskrit: सूना) meaning “woven”.
sūtra means a distilled collection of syllables and words, any form or manual of “aphorism, rule, direction” hanging together like threads with which the teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven.
A sūtra is any short rule, states Moriz Winternitz, in Indian literature; it is “a theorem condensed in few words”.
A sūtra is a condensed rule which succinctly states the message.
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Etymology 2
νέω • (néō)
I spin. I weave a thread.
spindle to spin (to make yarn)
(transitive) To make yarn by twisting and winding fibers together.
(Colloquialism) - to tell a tarn.
Yarn - a long or rambling story, especially one that is implausible.
Etymology 1
νέω • (néō)
I swim (figuratively, of one in shoes that are too large) I float.
Alteration of νάω (náō, “to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow; to swim”).
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mind
perception, sense
mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul
the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will
an act of mind
thought
purpose, design
the sense or meaning of a word
(in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason
(as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter
διανοητικός
MENTAL
Adjective
διανοητικός
MENTAL - DIANOETIC
mental (adj.)
early 15c., “in, of, or pertaining to the mind; characteristic of the intellect,”
from Late Latin mentalis “of the mind,”
from Latin mens (genitive mentis) “mind,”
from PIE root *men- (1) “to think.”
dianoetic (comparative more dianoetic, superlative most dianoetic)
Pertaining to reason or thinking; intellectual.
From Ancient Greek διανοητικός (“pertaining to thinking”)
from διανοητός (dianoētós)
verbal adjective of διανοέεσθαι (dianoéesthai, “to think”)
from δια- (“through”) + νοέειν (“to think, suppose”).
dianoialogy (uncountable)
(archaic) The science of the dianoetic or intellectual faculties.
From Ancient Greek (“thought”) + -logy.
Dianoia
the mental faculty used in discursive reasoning.
διάνοια
INTELLECT - CRITICAL THINKING
Noun
DIALECTIC THINKING (Considering both sides of an issue)
from dia and noeó.
δια- (dia-) + νόος (nóos) + -ια (-noun). Compare διανοέομαι (dianoéomai).
δῐᾰ́νοιᾰ • (diánoia) f (genitive δῐᾰνοίᾱς); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
intention, purpose.
process of thinking.
capacity of thought: intelligence, understanding.
the mind as the faculty qf understanding, feeling, desiring.
From dia and nous; deep thought, properly, the faculty (mind or its disposition), by implication, its exercise – imagination, mind, understanding.
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Original Word: διάνοια, ας, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: dianoia
Phonetic Spelling: (dee-an’-oy-ah)
Definition: the mind, disposition, thought
Usage: understanding, intellect, mind, insight.
HELPS Word-studies
1271 diánoia (from 1223 /diá, “thoroughly, from side-to-side,” which intensifies 3539 /noiéō, “to use the mind,”
diá, “thoroughly, from side-to-side,”
noiéō, “to use the mind,”
from 3563 /noús, “mind”) – properly, movement from one side (of an issue) to the other to reach balanced-conclusions; full-orbed reasoning (= critical thinking), i.e. dialectical thinking that literally reaches “across to the other side” (of a matter).
1271 /diánoia (“critical thinking”), literally “thorough reasoning,” incorporates both sides of a matter to reach a meaningful (personal) conclusion. Such “full-breadth reasoning” is essential to loving (25 /agapáō) the Lord and our neighbor (see Mk 12:30). It is also the instrument of self-destruction when exercised without God’s light and power (Lk 1:51; Eph 2:3, 4:18; Col 1:21).
[1271 /diánoia (dianoia) is also used of “reasoning and speech between characters in ancient dramas” (LS; cf. Aristotle, Rh 1, 404). But 1271 (diánoia) works to a person’s own undoing when it operates apart from the light of God’s word (Eph 4:18).]
άγνοια
IGNORANCE
άγνοια • (ágnoia) f (uncountable)
ignorance, unfamiliarity, unawareness.
From Ancient Greek ἄγνοια (“not knowing”)
ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f (genitive ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς); first declension
The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness.
From ἀ- (“not”) + γιγνώσκω (“know”) + -ιᾰ
-ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix).
Synonyms
αδαημοσύνη f (“ignorance”)
αδαημοσύνη • (adaïmosýni) f (uncountable)
“(ignorance, inexperience”)
αμάθεια f (“ignorance, uneducated, illiteracy”)
αμάθεια • (amátheia) f
plural - αμάθειες
("ignorance, illiteracy")
αμάθεια f (“ignorance, illiteracy”)
αμαθής • (amathís) m
feminine - αμαθής
neuter - αμαθές
Adjective
("ignorant, uneducated, illiterate")
αμαθής (“ignorant”, adjective)
αμάθευτος (“unknown”, adjective)
αμάθητος (“not learnt”, adjective)
άμαθος (“not learnt”, adjective)
αμάθευτος • (amátheftos) m feminine -.αμάθευτη neuter - αμάθευτο Adjective unknown, not known unlearned, not learnt.
αμάθητος • (amáthitos) m (feminine αμάθευτη, neuter αμάθευτο)
Adjective
not learnt, not studied
inexperienced, unskilled.
άμαθος • (ámathos) m feminine - άμαθη neuter -άμαθο Adjective Synonym, alternative form of αμάθητος.
αδαής • (adaḯs) m (feminine αδαής, neuter αδαές)
Adjective
(“ignorant, inexperienced, clumsy”)
ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ • (ágnoia) f (genitive ᾰ̓γνοίᾱς); first declension
Noun
The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness.
άγνοια f (“ignorance”)
From ἀ- (“not”) + γιγνώσκω (“know”) + -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix).
άγνοια • (ágnoia) f (uncountable)
Noun
(“ignorance, unfamiliarity, unawareness”)
From Ancient Greek ἄγνοια (“not knowing”)
αγνοώ • (agnoó) simple past - αγνόησα passive - αγνοούμαι Verb not to know, be ignorant of ignore (someone deliberately)
αγνοώ (“to ignore, to be ignorant”)
αγνοούμενος m (“missing person”) passive present participle. αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m feminine - αγνοούμενη neuter - αγνοούμενο missing (military) posted as missing αγνοούμενος • (agnooúmenos) m plural -αγνοούμενοι feminine - αγνοούμενη
missing person
αγνοούμαι • (agnooúmai) passive simple past - αγνοήθηκα active - αγνοώ Verb (passive) be unknown (passive) be lost
αμαθής • (amathís) m (feminine αμαθής, neuter αμαθές)
ignorant, uneducated, illiterate.
αδαημοσύνη • (adaïmosýni) f (uncountable)
ignorance, inexperience.
αδαής • (adaḯs) m (feminine αδαής, neuter αδαές)
ignorant, inexperienced
clumsy.
αμαθής (amathís, “ignorant”, adjective)
αμάθευτος (amátheftos, “unknown”, adjective)
αμάθητος (amáthitos, “not learnt”, adjective)
άμαθος (ámathos, “not learnt”, adjective)
αμάθευτος • (amátheftos) m (feminine αμάθευτη, neuter αμάθευτο)
unknown, not known
unlearned, not learnt.
αμάθητος • (amáthitos) m (feminine αμάθευτη, neuter αμάθευτο)
not learnt, not studied
inexperienced, unskilled.
άμαθος
Uneducated, illiterate, ignorant.
αγνοώ • (agnoó) αγνόησα - (simple past) αγνοούμαι - (passive) not to know, be ignorant of ignore (someone deliberately)
αγνοούμενος (Participle / -ing) Missing Missing person. masculine - αγνοούμενος feminine - αγνοούμενη neuter - αγνοούμενο
αγνοούμαι • (agnooúmai) passive αγνοήθηκα - (simple past) αγνοώ - (active) (passive) be unknown (passive) be lost
ἀγνοέω
NOT AWARE - UNKNOWN
Verb
ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō)
Verb
(transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget.
(transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well
(intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance.
From ἀ- (“not”) the root of γιγνώσκω (“know”) + -έω (verb-forming suffix).
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ἀγνώσσω • (agnṓssō)
poetic and Koine form of ἀγνοέω (agnoéō)
Verb
Particularly: “ἀ- (a-, “not”) + γνωκ- (gnōk-) + Proto-Hellenic *-jō?”)
ἀγνοέω
STUPIDITY - LACK UNDERSTANDING
ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō)
(transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget.
(transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well
(intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance.
From ἀ- (a-, “not”) the root of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “know”) + -έω (-éō, verb-forming suffix). Compare ἀγνώς (agnṓs, “unknown”), ἄγνοια (ágnoia, “ignorance”).
ἀγνοέω • (agnoéō)
(transitive, intransitive) To not perceive or recognize, to not know, to fail to understand, to be ignorant, to forget.
(transitive, intransitive, litotes, with negative) To not be ignorant, to know well
(intransitive) To sin or act unethically out of ignorance.
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ᾰ̓γνώς (chiefly of persons) unknown. (of things) obscure, unintelligible. obscure, ignoble. (in active constructions) ignorant.
ἀγνωσῐ́ᾱ
Ignorance
Obscurity.
ἄγνωτος unknown, unheard of, forgotten unknowable unintelligible not knowing, ignorant.
ᾰ̓́γνοιᾰ
The state of not knowing or perceiving: ignorance, unawareness.
-ῐᾰ - to form abstract nouns.
του νου
THE MIND - MY MIND - POSSESS MIND
νου • (nou) m
Genitive, accusative and vocative singular form of νους (nous).
ἐπῐ́στᾰμαι
ἐφίστημι
TO KNOW - TO HAVE KNOWLEDGE
Epistemology
Gaining knowledge by prolonged acquaintance, i.e. sustained, personal effort.
ἐπῐ́στᾰμαι • (epístamai)
(transitive) To know, to have the knowledge of something.
epistamai: to know, to understand Original Word: ἐπίσταμαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: epistamai Phonetic Spelling: (ep-is'-tam-ahee) Definition: to know, to understand Usage: I know, know of, understand. HELPS Word-studies 1987 epístamai
from epí, “fitting on”
which intensifies hístēmi, “stand”
properly…
standing upon - referring to - gaining knowledge by prolonged acquaintance through sustained, personal effort.
For the believer, this careful study (observation) builds on taking a stand that Scripture is the Word of God (note the epi, “on”).
[1987 (epistamai) expresses…
“what comes from close familiar acquaintance”
1987 (epistamai) in antiquity meant…
“skilled in handicraft”
“knowledge resulting from prolonged practice”
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ephistémi: to set upon, set up, to stand upon, be present
Original Word: ἐφίστημι
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ephistémi
Phonetic Spelling: (ef-is’-tay-mee)
Definition: to set upon, set up, to stand upon, be present
Usage: I stand by, am urgent, befall one (as of evil), am at hand, impend.
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from ἐπί (on) + ἵστημι (stand)
ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi)
(transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses)
(“to make to stand, to stand, set”)
to set up
to cause to rise, to raise, rouse, stir up.
to set up, appoint.
to place in the balance, weigh.
(intransitive, middle and passive voice, active voice of 2nd aorist, perfect, and pluperfect)
to stand.
to stand still.
(figuratively) to stand firm.
to be set up or upright, to stand up, rise up.
(generally) to arise, begin.
(in marking time) to be.
to be appointed.
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ἐπῐ́
Preposition
(+ genitive) - upon (on the upper surface)
(+ accusative) - onto (the upper surface of)
(+ dative) - on, upon.
(of conditions or circumstances) in, with.
(of time) at, on or after.
(expressing a cause) on account of, for.
(expressing a purpose) for.
(of a condition) on.
(with a person) to before, into the presence of.
ιδέα
THE VISIBLE SEAL OF A CONCEPT - LIMIT OF CONCEPT
Concept Pattern / Conceptual Boundary / Conceptual Horizon
In philosophy, ideas are usually taken as mental representational images of some object.
Reference.
Form as a symbolic representation of an object, the object as the Referent.
Ideas can also be abstract concepts that do not present as mental images.
The capacity to create and understand the meaning of ideas is considered to be an essential and defining feature of human beings.
Semblance, opp. reality, γνώμην ἐξαπατῶσ᾽ ἰδέαι outward appearances cheat the mind, Thgn.128.
In Logic,= εἶδος, class, kind: hence, principle of classification.
In Platonic Philosophy, ideal forms, archetypes.
Another view holds that we only discover ideas in the same way that we discover the real world, from personal experiences. The view that humans acquire all or almost all their behavioral traits from nurture (life experiences) is known as tabula rasa (“blank slate”). Most of the confusions in the way ideas arise is at least in part due to the use of the term “idea” to cover both the representation perceptics and the object of conceptual thought. This can be always illustrated in terms of the scientific doctrines of innate ideas, “concrete ideas versus abstract ideas”, as well as “simple ideas versus complex ideas”.
René Descartes
In his Meditations on First Philosophy he says, “Some of my thoughts are like images of things, and it is to these alone that the name ‘idea’ properly belongs.”
John Locke
defines idea as “that term which, I think, serves best to stand for whatsoever is the object of the understanding when a man thinks, I have used it to express whatever is meant by phantasm, notion, species, or whatever it is which the mind can be employed about in thinking; and I could not avoid frequently using it.”
As John Locke studied humans in his work “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding” he continually referenced Descartes for ideas as he asked this fundamental question: “When we are concerned with something about which we have no certain knowledge, what rules or standards should guide how confident we allow ourselves to be that our opinions are right?” [9] A simpler way of putting it is how do humans know ideas, and what are the different types of ideas. An idea to Locke “can simply mean some sort of brute experience.” [10] He shows that there are “No innate principles in the mind.”.[11] Thus, he concludes that “our ideas are all experiential in nature.”
David Hume
Hume differs from Locke by limiting idea to the more or less vague mental reconstructions of perceptions, the perceptual process being described as an “impression.”
Hume has contended and defended the notion that “reason alone is merely the ‘slave of the passions’.”
Immanuel Kant
defines an idea as opposed to a concept. “Regulative ideas” are ideals that one must tend towards, but by definition may not be completely realized.
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ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension
look, appearance, form
type, sort, class
style.
Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *widéhā from Proto-Indo-European *widéseh₂ feminine derivation from *wéydos whence εἶδος (eîdos) from *weyd- (“to see”)
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ιδέα • (idéa) f (plural ιδέες)
idea (model in the mind or interlect)
idea (invention)
opinion (judgement)
impression (impression of character)
ἰδέᾱ • (idéā) f (genitive ἰδέᾱς); first declension
look, appearance, form
type, sort, class
style.
From εἴδω (“I see”)
From *weyd- to see.
From Ancient Greek ἰδέα (“notion, pattern”).
From Latin idea,
from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (“notion, pattern”),
from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”).
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From εἴδω (“I see”).
See
(stative) To perceive or detect with the eyes, or as if by sight.
To witness or observe by personal experience.
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Witness
Wit + ness
from Old English witt (“understanding, intellect, sense, knowledge, consciousness, conscience”)
Old English - Wit
Intellectual ability; faculty of thinking, reasoning.
The ability to think quickly; mental cleverness, especially under short time constraints.
(uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony.
(countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something.
(countable) Someone called to give evidence in a court.
(countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document.
(countable) Something that serves as evidence; a sign or token.
From Middle English witnesse.
from Old English witnes (“knowledge, witness, testimony, a witness”)
equivalent to wit + -ness.
Cognate with Middle Dutch wetenisse (“witness, testimony”)
Old High German gewiznessi (“testimony”)
Icelandic vitni (“witness”).
νόμος
LAW - SPIRIT OF LAW
Noun
Order, Number, Noun, Dispense, Pasture, Rite.
Original Word: νόμος, ου, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: nomos
Phonetic Spelling: (nom’-os)
Definition: that which is assigned, usage, law
Usage: usage, custom, law; in NT: of law in general, plur: of divine laws; of a force or influence impelling to action; of the Mosaic law; meton: of the books which contain the law, the Pentateuch, the Old Testament scriptures in general.
HELPS Word-studies
3551 nómos – law. 3551 (nómos) is used of: a) the Law (Scripture), with emphasis on the first five books of Scripture; or b) any system of religious thinking (theology), especially when nomos occurs without the Greek definite article.
3551 /nómos (“law”) then can refer to “the Law,” or “law” as a general principle (or both simultaneously). The particular sense(s) of 3551 (nómos) is determined by the context.
The impulse to (right) action emanating from the Spirit.
Controlling principle.
The Mosaic law, and referring, according to the context, either to the volume of the law or to its contents.
Those who rule their life by the law, Jews.
διά νόμου νόμῳ ἀπέθανον…
By the law itself (when I became convinced that by keeping it I could not attain to salvation.
Observance of the law.
νόμος • (nómos) m (genitive νόμου); second declension Noun custom law, ordinance ancient type of song.
From νέμω (“I distribute in trust”)
νέμω • (némō)
Verb
to deal out, distribute, dispense
(of herdsmen), to pasture or graze their flocks, drive to pasture, tend.
From Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to assign, allot; take”).
*nem-
(“to distribute, to give, to take”)
From Ancient Greek: νομή (“pasture”)
From Ancient Greek: νόμος (“custom, law”)
From Latin: numerus numerus m (genitive numerī); second declension Verb number collection, quantity (figuratively) rank, position (music) time, rhythm (grammar) number.
The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós).
rītus m (genitive rītūs); fourth declension
Noun
(“rite, ceremony’ habit, custom, usage”)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-.
*h₂er-
(“to fit, to fix, to put together”)
Cognate with Sanskrit रीति (rītí, “rite, custom, usage, ceremony, procedure”).
ōrdō
From Latin - ōrdō m (genitive ōrdinis)
a methodical series, arrangement, or order; regular line, row, or series
a class, station, condition, rank
a group (of people) of the same class, caste, station, or rank (“vir senatorii ordinis”)
(military) A rank or line of soldiers; band, troop, company
(military) command, captaincy, generalship.
(Roman Catholicism) A calendar which prescribes the Mass and office which is to be celebrated each day.
From Proto-Italic *ord-on- (“row, order”)
From Latin - artus (feminine arta, neuter artum, comparative artior, superlative artissimus); first/second-declension adjective
Adjective
narrow, close, fitted, confined, dense
(figuratively) severe, strict, scanty, brief.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tós (“fitted”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Cognates include Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right, etc.”) and Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”).
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂értus (“that which is fit together; juncture, ordering”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join, fit (together)”). Cognates include Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú, “right time, order, rule”), Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “arranging, arrangement”)
ἀρτύς • (artús) f (genitive ἀρτύος); third declension
Alternative form of ἀρθμός (arthmós)
ἀρθμός • (arthmós) m (genitive ἀρθμοῦ); second declension
Noun
(“bond, league, friendship”)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit; to put together”).
ᾰ̓́ρθρον • (árthron) n (genitive ᾰ̓́ρθρου); second declension
Noun
(anatomy) joint
Synonym: ἅψος (hápsos)
(anatomy) limb
articulation
ἄρθρον τῆς φωνῆς (árthron tês phōnês) – vocal articulation
(grammar) connecting word
(grammar) an article: a category including the definite article ὁ (ho) and the basic relative pronoun ὅς (hós)
ἀραρίσκω • (ararískō) Noun (transitive) join, fasten fit together, construct prepare, contrive fit, equip, furnish please, gratify make fit, make pleasing (intransitive) to be joined closely together to be fixed to fit or suit to be fitted with, furnished with to be fitted, suiting, agreeable, pleasing
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ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun number amount, sum term in a series number, account, rank quantity (opposite quality) numbering, counting arithmetic (philosophy) abstract number (grammar) number numeral unknown quantity (rhetoric) rhythm the sum of the numerical values of the letters of a name military unit (=Latin numerus) (astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time (medicine) precise condition.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-. Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus.
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ἐπῐνομῐ́ς • (epinomís) f (genitive ἐπῐνομῐ́δος); third declension Noun an addition to a law, an appendix a New-Year’s gift. a part of a trireme.
ἐπῐ- (epi-) + νόμος (nómos) + -ῐς (-is)
νομίζω
CUSTOM - PRACTICE
from nomos
Original Word: νομίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: nomizó Phonetic Spelling: (nom-id'-zo) Definition: to practice, consider Usage: I practice, hold by custom; I deem, think, consider, suppose. HELPS Word-studies 3543 nomízō (from 3551 /nómos, "law") – properly, to suppose (assume) that something applies (or is derived from); to assume a prevailing custom (law, practice).
to hold by custom or usage, own as a custom or usage; to follow custom or usage; passive νομίζεται it is the custom, it is the received usage.
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νομίζω • (nomízō)
I use customarily, practise.
From νόμος (“custom”) + -ίζω
(denominative verb suffix).
(legislation) I enact.
(with dative) I make a man of you, use.
(with infinitive) I am accustomed to doing.
I acknowledge, consider as.
I esteem, hold in honour.
(with accusative of object) I hold, believe.
(with accusative and infinitive) I deem, hold, believe that.
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νόμισμα • (nómisma) n (plural νομίσματα) a coin the basic currency of a country nomisma money circulating in the form of notes and coin.
From Ancient Greek νόμισμα (nómisma) “money, the current coin of a state, custom”, from νομίζω (nomízō) (nomizo) “to hold or own as a custom, usage, to use customarily, practise, to be used to a thing”, hence “to make common use of”, from νόμος (nómos) (nomos) “anything assigned, a usage, custom, law, ordinance”, from νέμω (némō) (nemo) “to keep, to hold, to watch”.
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κέρμα • (kérma) n (plural κέρματα)
coin.
χρήμα • (chríma) n (plural χρήματα) IPA /ˈxri.ma/
capital (physical or monetary assets)
(plural): liquid assets.
Formed from the base of χράομαι ( “want, need”) + -μα (-ma).
χρῆμᾰ • (khrêma) n (genitive χρήμᾰτος); third declension
need; a thing that one needs or uses
goods, property
thing, matter, affair.
χρηματίζω • (chrimatízo) (simple past χρημάτισα, passive χρηματίζομαι)
Verb
(intransitive) be, occupy a place as public official (usually not used in present tense)
(transitive) bribe.
χρηματισμός • (chrimatismós) m
bribing (action or outcome of bribe)
νοημοσύνη
INTELLIGENCE
Sense: capacity of mind, especially to understand and comprehend.
νόημα • (nóima) n (plural νοήματα)
sense, meaning
gesture.
νόημα (“sense, meaning”)
δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (“IQ, intelligence quotient”)
τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”)
Edit Synonyms Edit brain [WS] head [WS] brightness intellect intelligence mind nous psyche reason smartness wit Antonyms Edit fatuity hebetude idiocy imbecility stolidity stupidity
ιδιοφυής
SKILLED - TALENTED
ιδιοφυής • (idiofyís) m (feminine ιδιοφυής, neuter ιδιοφυές)
Adjective
talented, gifted, genius, intelligent
ιδιοφυής άνθρωπος (talented man)
ingenious
ιδιοφυής ιδέα (ingenious idea)
γυμνάζω
GYM - GYMNASIUM - GYMNASTICS
EXERCISE - DRILL - TRAIN
Verb
γυμνάζω • (gymnázo) (simple past γύμνασα, passive γυμνάζομαι)
exercise, drill, train, school.
gumnos: naked, poorly clothed.
Original Word: γυμνός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: gumnos Phonetic Spelling: (goom-nos') Definition: naked, poorly clothed Usage: rarely: stark-naked; generally: wearing only the under-garment; bare, open, manifest; mere.
clad in the undergarment only (the outer garment or cloak being laid aside.
Metaphorically, of the soul, whose garment is the body, stripped of the body, without a body.
Nude.
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γυμνάσιο n (“middle school”) γυμναστήριο n (“gymnasium”) γυμναστής m (“male gymnast”) γυμνάστρια f (“female gymnast”) γυμναστική f (“exercise, gymnastics”) γυμνός (“naked”) γυμνότητα (“nakedness”) γυμνισμός (, “naturism”)
εξυπνάδα
EXCEPTIONAL
εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες)
intelligence, wit
smartness (with words)
έξυπνος • (éxypnos) m (feminine έξυπνη, neuter έξυπνο)
Adjective
clever, intelligent, sharp
εξυπνάδα
EXCEPTIONAL
εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες)
intelligence, wit
smartness (with words)
Synonym
νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f (plural νοημοσύνες)
intelligence
είδηση
NEWS - CURRENT INFORMATION
είδηση • (eídisi) f (plural ειδήσεις)
(newspapers, television) news item, piece of news, news story
(by extension) newsworthy event
(in plural) news (in newspapers; on TV or radio)
Synonyms
αγγελία f (angelía)
Coordinate terms
νέα n (néa, “news”)
νέα
News
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of νέος (néos).
νέος • (néos) m (feminine νέα, neuter νέο)
young, youthful
modern, new.
From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “young”), from Proto-Hellenic [Term?],
from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.
*néwos (non-ablauting)
new
Proto-Indo-European Adverb *nu now well (as an interjection) and
Latin: num (“now”), nunc
nunc (not comparable)
now
Greek νυν (nyn, “now”).
νυν • (nyn)
now, currently
νυν και αεί (nyn kai aeí, “now and forever”)
Greek τώρα • (tóra)
Adverb
now
ευφυής
ιδιοφυής
CLEVER - SHREWD - SMART
ευφυής • (effyís) m (feminine ευφυής, neuter ευφυές)
Adjective
intelligent, clever, quick-witted.
Shrewd.
ευφυής • (effyís) m (feminine ευφυής, neuter ευφυές)
Adjective
(“intelligent, clever, quick-witted”)
(“Aptitude, quick to learn”)
ιδιοφυής (idiofyís, “genius, gifted”) ιδιοφυής • (idiofyís) m (feminine ιδιοφυής, neuter ιδιοφυές) Noun talented, gifted, genius, intelligent ιδιοφυής άνθρωπος (talented man) ingenious ιδιοφυής ιδέα (ingenious idea)
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Synonyms
see: έξυπνος (éxypnos)
έξυπνος • (éxypnos) m (feminine έξυπνη, neuter έξυπνο)
Adjective
("clever, intelligent, sharp")
εξυπνάδα • (exypnáda) f (plural εξυπνάδες)
Adjective
intelligence, with
smartness (with words)
Synonyms
νοημοσύνη (noïmosýni)
νοημοσύνη • (noïmosýni) f
νοημοσύνες - plural
("intelligence")
νόημα n (nóima, “sense, meaning”)
δείκτης νοημοσύνης m (deíktis noïmosýnis, “IQ, intelligence quotient”)
τεχνητή νοημοσύνη f (technití noïmosýni, “artificial intelligence”)
From νοέω (“to intend, to perceive, to see, to understand”) + -μᾰ (inchoative noun, becoming a noun).
νόημα • (nóima) n
νοήματα - plural
Noun
(“sense, meaning, gesture”)
(meaning) : σημασία f (simasía)
(gesture) : νεύμα n (névma)
σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες)
Noun
(lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word)
significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters)
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gesture (plural gestures)
Noun
A motion of the limbs or body, especially one made to emphasize speech. quotations ▼
The middle-finger gesture is really a nonverbal swear.
This Web browser can be controlled with mouse gestures.
An act or a remark made as a formality or as a sign of attitude. quotations ▼
We took flowers as a gesture of sympathy.
(obsolete) The manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. quotations ▼
From Medieval Latin gestura (“a mode of action”), from Latin gerere (“to bear, reflexive bear oneself, behave, act”), past participle gestus.
Latin - gestus feminine gesta neuter gestum first/second-declension participle Participle carried, having been carried, borne, having been borne; worn, having been worn.
Perfect passive participle of gerō (“carry, bear; wear”).
gerō (present infinitive gerere, perfect active gessī, supine gestum); third conjugation Verb I carry, bear I wear (i.e. have on clothing) I have or possess (of traits) I carry (on), wage Bellum gerere. To wage war. Bellum gerant aliī. Let others wage war.
From Proto-Italic *gezō and cognate with Faliscan 𐌊𐌄𐌔𐌄𐌕 (keset). According to De Vaan,[1] from a post-PIE *h₂ǵ-es-, an extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ- (from which agō); compare Proto-Germanic *kas- (“to bring up; to throw”).
πληροφορία
INFORMATION CARRIER
FILL UP WITH INFORMATION - CARRY INFO
πληρο
Informs, full, complete.
φορία
Carrier, the course on which information is carried.
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Advertising
πληροφορία • (pliroforía) f (plural πληροφορίες)
information.
αγγελία • (angelía) f (plural αγγελίες) announcement; advertisement (especially a small one) information message (Christianity) annunciation
annunciate (third-person singular simple present annunciates, present participle annunciating, simple past and past participle annunciated)
(transitive, formal) To announce. Related terms Edit announce announcement annunciation.
From Latin adnūntiō, annūntiō (“I announce, make known, report, proclaim, relate”).
Verb
Edit
annunciare
to announce
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θέλημα
WILL
theléma: will Original Word: θέλημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: theléma Phonetic Spelling: (thel'-ay-mah) Definition: will Usage: an act of will, will; plur: wishes, desires. HELPS Word-studies 2307 thélēma (from 2309 /thélō, "to desire, wish") – properly, a desire (wish), often referring to God's "preferred-will," i.e. His "best-offer" to people which can be accepted or rejected.
[Note the -ma suffix, focusing on the result hoped for with the particular desire (wish). 2307 (thélēma) is nearly always used of God, referring to His preferred-will. Occasionally it is used of man (cf. Lk 23:25; Jn 1:13.]
NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from theló Definition will NASB Translation desire (1), desires (1), will (57).
Thayer’s Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 2307: θέλημα
θέλημα, θελήματος, τό (θέλω), a word purely Biblical and ecclesiastical (yet found in Aristotle, de plant. 1, 1, p. 815b, 21); the Sept. for חֵפֶץ and רָצון; will, i. e., a. what one wishes or has determined shall be done (i. e. objectively, thing willed): Luke 12:47; John 5:30; 1 Corinthians 7:37; 1 Thessalonians 5:18; 2 Timothy 2:26; Hebrews 10:10; Revelation 4:11; θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ is used — of the purpose of God to bless mankind through Christ, Acts 22:14; Ephesians 1:9; Colossians 1:9; of what God wishes to be done by us, Romans 12:2; Colossians 4:12 (Winer’s Grammar, 111 (105)); 1 Peter 4:2; and simply τό θέλημα, Romans 2:18 (Winer’s Grammar, 594 (553)) (Sir. 43:16 (17) (but here the better text now adds αὐτοῦ, see Fritzsche; in patristic Greek, however, θέλημα is so used even without the article; cf. Ignatius ad Rom. 1, 1 [ET]; ad Eph. 20, 1 [ET], etc.)); τοῦ κυρίου, Ephesians 5:17; plural commands, precepts: (Mark 3:35 WH. marginal reading); Acts 13:22 (Psalm 102:7 (); 2 Macc. 1:3); ἐστι τό θέλημα τίνος, followed by ἵνα, John 6:39; 1 Corinthians 16:12, cf. Matthew 18:14; followed by an infinitive, 1 Peter 2:15; by an accusative with an infinitive 1 Thessalonians 4:3. (Cf. Buttmann, 237 (204); 240 (207); Winers Grammar, § 44, 8.)
b. equivalent to τό θέλειν (i. e. the abstract act of willing, the subjective) will, choice: 1 Peter 3:17 (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 604 (562)); 2 Peter 1:21; ποιεῖν τό θέλημα τίνος (especially of God), Matthew 7:21; Matthew 12:50; Matthew 21:31; Mark 3:35 (here WH marginal reading the plural, see above); John 4:34; John 6:38; John 7:17; John 9:31; Ephesians 6:6; Hebrews 10:7, 9, 36; Hebrews 13:21; 1 John 2:17; τό θέλημα (L T Tr WH βούλημα) τίνος κατεργάζεσθαι, 1 Peter 4:3; γίνεται τό θέλημα τίνος, Matthew 6:10; Matthew 26:42; Luke 11:2 L R; ; Acts 21:14; ἡ βουλή τοῦ θελήματος, Ephesians 1:11; ἡ εὐδοκία τοῦ θελήματος Ephesians 1:5; ἐν τῷ θελημάτω τοῦ Θεοῦ, if God will, Romans 1:10; διά θελήματος Θεοῦ, Romans 15:32; 1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 8:5; Ephesians 1:1; Colossians 1:1; 2 Timothy 1:1; κατά τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ, Galatians 1:4; (1 Peter 4:19); 1 John 5:14. equivalent to pleasure: Luke 23:25; equivalent to inclination, desire: σαρκός, ἀνδρός, John 1:13; plural Ephesians 2:3. (Synonym: see θέλω, at the end.)
Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance
desire, pleasure, will.
From the prolonged form of ethelo; a determination (properly, the thing), i.e. (actively) choice (specially, purpose, decree; abstractly, volition) or (passively) inclination – desire, pleasure, will.
see GREEK ethelo
Forms and Transliterations
θελημα θέλημα θέλημά θελήμασιν θεληματα θελήματα θελήματά θεληματι θελήματι θελήματί θεληματος θελήματος thelema thelēma thélema thélemá thélēma thélēmá thelemata thelēmata thelḗmata thelḗmatá thelemati thelēmati thelḗmati thelematos thelēmatos thelḗmatos
Links
Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong’s Numbers • Englishman’s Greek Concordance • Englishman’s Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts
θέλω
WISH
theló: to will, wish Original Word: θέλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theló Phonetic Spelling: ( eth-el'-o,) Definition: to will, wish Usage: I will, wish, desire, am willing, intend, design. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2309 thélō (a primitive verb, NAS dictionary) – to desire (wish, will), wanting what is best (optimal) because someone is ready and willing to act.
2309 /thélō (“to desire, wish”) is commonly used of the Lord extending His “best-offer” to the believer – wanting (desiring) to birth His persuasion (faith) in them which also empowers, manifests His presence etc. See 2307 (thelēma).
[Note the close connection between faith (4102 /pístis, “God’s inbirthed persuasion”) and this root (thel-, 2307 /thélēma); cf. 2 Cor 8:5-7 and Heb 10:36-39).]
σκέψη
THINKING
σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις)
thought, mental activity.
σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to think”)
σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”)
σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”)
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider”) + -σῐς (-sis).
σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension
viewing, sensory perception, observation
examination, speculation, consideration
doubt, hesitation
(politics) resolution, decree
σκέψεως • (sképseos) f
Genitive singular form of σκέψη (sképsi).
σκέψεις • (sképseis) f
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of σκέψη (sképsi).
σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai)
I look at, examine
From Proto-Hellenic *sképťomai, from Proto-Indo-European *skep-ye-, from a metathesis of *speḱ-.
Cognate to Latin speciō (“I see”).
speḱ-
to see, to look, to observe
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speciō (present infinitive specere, perfect active spexī, supine spectum); third conjugation iō-variant
I observe, watch, look at
Synonym: spectō
spectō (present infinitive spectāre, perfect active spectāvī, supine spectātum); first conjugation
I watch, observe, look at, watch
I test
I consider
spectus m (feminine specta, neuter spectum); first/second declension
look, appearance, aspect
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*spéḱyeti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4]
to be looking at, to keep looking at
From *speḱ- + *-yeti.
*(é)-yeti
Creates transitive imperfective verbs from roots.
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स्पश् • (spáś) m
a spy
one who looks or beholds; a watcher
a messenger
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *spáṭṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *spáĉš, from Proto-Indo-European *spéḱs (“spy; watcher, observer”), from *speḱ- (“to see”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬯 (spas, “spy”), Latin au-spex, haru-spex. Also related to English spy.
κύων
κυνικός
CYNIC
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognates include Latin canis, Sanskrit श्वन् (śván) and Old English hund (English hound). The final -ν (-n) in the nominative singular which was absent in *ḱwṓ was restored in Greek by analogy to other forms in the paradigm.
κῠ́ων • (kúōn) m, f
κῠνός - genitive
("a dog, a bitch")
(derogatory) a bitch (used of women, to denote shamelessness or audacity)
an offensive person.
κυνικός • (kynikós) m (feminine κυνική, neuter κυνικό)
cynical
A dog.
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*ḱwṓ m
dog
From Pre-Proto-Indo-European *ḱwóns. Hamp has suggested derivation from *péḱu.[1] Perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n.
*péḱu n (oblique stem *peḱu-)
livestock.
*u-stem of *peḱ- (“livestock”).
*peḱ- to pluck (wool, hair)
Ancient Greek: πέκω (pékō, “to comb”)
Ancient Greek: πεκτέω (pektéō, “to shear”)
From πέκω (pékō, “to comb, to card; to shear”) + -ος (-os).
πόκος • (pókos) m (genitive πόκου); second declension
wool
shorn wool, fleece.
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Latin - pecū n (genitive *pecūs); fourth declension
cattle
domestic animals
Latin: pectō (“to comb”)
From Proto-Indo-European *péḱu (“cattle”). Cognate with Sanskrit पशु (paśu), Lithuanian pekus and Proto-Germanic *fehu (whence English fee, German Vieh, Low German Veeh, Dutch vee, Danish fæ).
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English - fee
fee (plural fees)
(feudal law) A right to the use of a superior’s land, as a stipend for services to be performed; also, the land so held; a fief.
(law) An inheritable estate in land held of a feudal lord on condition of the performing of certain services.
(law) An estate of inheritance in land, either absolute and without limitation to any particular class of heirs (fee simple) or limited to a particular class of heirs (fee tail).
(obsolete) Property; owndom; estate.
Wordsworth, On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic
Once did she hold the gorgeous East in fee.
(obsolete) Money paid or bestowed; payment; emolument.
(obsolete) A prize or reward. Only used in the set phrase “A finder’s fee” in Modern English.
A monetary payment charged for professional services.
From Middle English fee, fe, feh, feoh,
from Old English feoh (“cattle, property, wealth, money, payment, tribute, fee”) and
Old French fieu, fief
from Medieval Latin fevum,
a variant of feudum,
from Frankish *fehu (“cattle, livestock”);
whence English fief
both from Proto-Germanic *fehu (“cattle, sheep, livestock, owndom”),
from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock”).
Cognate with Old High German fihu (“cattle, neat”),
Scots fe, fie (“cattle, sheep, livestock, deer, goods, property, wealth, money, wages”),
West Frisian fee (“livestock”),
Dutch vee (“cattle, livestock”),
Low German Veeh (“cattle, livestock, property”), Veh,
German Vieh (“cattle, livestock”),
Danish fæ (“cattle, beast, dolt”),
Swedish fä (“beast, cattle, dolt”),
Norwegian fe (“cattle”),
Icelandic fé (“livestock, assets, money”),
Latin pecū (“cattle”).
Old English - feoh n money livestock, cattle property the runic character ᚠ (/f/)
ᚠ
A letter of the Runic alphabet, with the reconstructed name *fehu (“cattle”),
representing /ɸ/ or /f/.
Present in the Elder Fuþark (called fehu), the Anglo-Saxon fuþorc (called feoh), and the Younger Fuþark (called fé). Associated in all three with wealth.
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Wealth
From Middle English welth, welthe, weolthe (“happiness, prosperity”)
From Old English *welþ, *weleþu
From Proto-Germanic *waliþō (“wealth”). Alternatively, possibly an alteration (due to similar words in -th: compare helth (“health”), derth (“dearth”)) of wele (“wealth, well-being, weal”)
From Old English wela (“wealth, prosperity”)
From Proto-Germanic *walô (“well-being, prosperity”)
From Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“good, best”), equivalent to weal + -th.
Cognate with Dutch weelde (“wealth”), Low German weelde (“wealth”), Old High German welida, welitha (“wealth”). Related also to German Wohl (“welfare, well-being, weal”), Danish vel (“weal, welfare”), Swedish väl (“well-being, weal”). More at weal, well.
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αναλογισμός
ACTUARIAL CALCULATION
αναλογισμός
Actuarial calculation.
calculation { noun }
consideration { noun }
reckoning { noun verb }
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στοχασμός
MEDITATION
Reflection
Discussion
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συλλαμβάνω
CONCEIVE
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τηρώ
ABIDE BY - OBSERVE A RULE - HEED OBEY
abide by
εμμένω , διαμένω με , τηρώ
observe
παρατηρώ , τηρώ , παρακολουθώ
observe a rule
τηρώ ένα κανόνα
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observe (v.)
late 14c., “to hold to” (a manner of life or course of conduct), from Old French observer, osserver “to observe, watch over, follow” (10c.), from Latin observare “watch over, note, heed, look to, attend to, guard, regard, comply with,” from ob “in front of, before” (see ob-) + servare “to watch, keep safe,” from PIE root *ser- (1) “to protect.” Meaning “to attend to in practice, to keep, follow” is attested from late 14c. Sense of “watch, perceive, notice” is 1560s, via notion of “see and note omens.” Meaning “to say by way of remark” is from c. 1600. Related: Observed; observing.
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*ser- (1)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to protect.” It forms all or part of: conservation; conservative; conserve; observance; observatory; observe; preserve; reservation; reserve; reservoir.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Avestan haurvaiti “to guard;” Latin servare “to guard, keep, watch;” Old Church Slavonic xraniti “to guard, protect;” Old High German gi-sarwi “armor, equipment,” Old English searu “art, skill; wile, deceit.”
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*ser- (2)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to line up.”
It forms all or part of: assert; assertion; assort; consort; desert (v.) “to leave one’s duty;” desertion; dissertation; ensorcell; exert; exsert; insert; seriatim; seriation; series; sermon; serried; sorcerer; sorcery; sort.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit sarat- “thread;” Greek eirein “to fasten together in rows;” Latin serere “to join, link, bind together,” series “row, chain, series, sequence, succession;” Gothic sarwa (plural) “armor, arms;” Old Norse sörve “necklace of stringed pearls;” Old Irish sernaid “he joins together;” Welsh ystret “a row.”
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τηρώ
παρατηρώ
παρακολουθώ
WATCH - MONITOR - ATTEND - OBSERVE
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τηρώ
Observe
Abide by
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παρατηρώ
to regard to notice to note to observe to espy Take heed
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παρακολουθώ • (parakolouthó) (simple past παρακολούθησα, passive παρακολουθούμαι)
watch, spectate
surveille, keep watch on
follow, trail
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καταλαίνω
APPREHEND
apprehend (v.)
late 14c., “grasp with the senses or mind;” early 15c. as “grasp, take hold of” physically,
from Latin apprehendere “to take hold of, grasp,” from ad “to” (see ad-) + prehendere “to seize” (from prae- “before;” see pre- + -hendere, from PIE root *ghend- “to seize, take”). Often “to hold in opinion but without positive certainty.”
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The metaphoric extension to “seize with the mind” took place in Latin and was the sole sense of cognate Old French aprendre (12c., Modern French appréhender); also compare apprentice). Specific meaning “seize in the name of the law, arrest,” is from 1540s. Meaning “be in fear of the future, anticipate with dread” is from c. 1600. Related: Apprehended; apprehending.
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*ghend-
also *ghed-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to seize, to take.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek khandanein “to hold, contain;” Lithuanian godėtis “be eager;” second element in Latin prehendere “to grasp, seize;” Welsh gannu “to hold, contain;” Russian za-gadka “riddle;” Old Norse geta “to obtain, reach; to be able to; to beget; to learn; to be pleased with;” Albanian gjen “to find.”
It forms all or part of: apprehend; apprentice; apprise; beget; comprehend; comprehension; comprehensive; comprise; depredate; depredation; emprise; enterprise; entrepreneur; forget; get; guess; impresario; misprision; osprey; predatory; pregnable; prehensile; prehension; prey; prison; prize (n.2) “something taken by force;” pry (v.2) “raise by force;” reprehend; reprieve; reprisal; reprise; spree; surprise.
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αντιλαμβάνομαι
REALIZE - SEE THROUGH
αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (simple past αντιλήφθηκα)
realise, understand, see through
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Synonym
συνειδητοποιώ
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Related term
λαμβάνω (lamváno, “to get, to receive, to take”)
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αντιλαμβάνομαι • (antilamvánomai) deponent (simple past αντιλήφθηκα)
realise, understand, see through
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From λαμβάνω (“to get, to receive, to take”)
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λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (simple past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι)
get, receive
take
(figuratively) understand, get.
ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”)
αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”)
απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”)
επαναλαμβάνω (epanalamváno, “to repeat”)
καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”)
καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”)
λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”)
λαβαίνω • (lavaíno) (simple past έλαβα, passive.
Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno)
συνειδητοποιώ
MAKE AWARE
συνειδητοποιώ • (syneiditopoió) (simple past συνειδητοποίησα)
realise, be aware of
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From συνειδητός (“conscious”) + ποιώ (“make”).
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μελετώ
TO STUDY - PONDER - CONTEMPLATE
μελετώ • (meletó) (simple past μελέτησα, passive μελετώμαι)
study
practise (UK), practice (US)
contemplate, deliberate.
μελετάω • (meletáo) (simple past μελέτησα, passive μελετώμαι)
Alternative form of μελετώ (meletó)
ζυγίζω με το νουν
I WEIGH - SIZE UP - I PONDER
το
pronoun
to the, it
με
preposition, pronoun
me with, by, me
ζυγίζω
verb
weigh, size up, balance
εξετάζω
EXAMINE - PRY - CONSIDER
to examine, examine, consider, pry, question
λόγος
THE WORD - LOGICAL DISCOURSE
a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech
properly, a collecting, collection (see λέγω) — and that, as well of those things which are put together in thought, as of those which, having been thought i. e. gathered together in the mind, are expressed in words.
Matter under discussion, thing spoken of, affair.
Reason, the mental faculty of thinking, meditating, reasoning, calculating, etc.: once so in the phrase ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, of the divine mind, pervading and noting all things by its proper force.
A word which, uttered by the living voice, embodies a conception or idea; (hence, it differs from ῤῆμα and ἔπος.
What someone has said; a saying.
specifically, the doctrine concerning the attainment through Christ of salvation in the kingdom of God
To utter a distinct word, intelligible speech.
logos: a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech
Original Word: λόγος, ου, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: logos
Phonetic Spelling: (log’-os)
Definition: a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech
Usage: a word, speech, divine utterance, analogy.
3056 lógos (from 3004 /légō, “speaking to a conclusion”) – a word, being the expression of a thought; a saying. 3056 /lógos (“word”) is preeminently used of Christ (Jn 1:1), expressing the thoughts of the Father through the Spirit.
[3056 (lógos) is a common term (used 330 times in the NT) with regards to a person sharing a message (discourse, “communication-speech”). 3056 (lógos) is a broad term meaning “reasoning expressed by words.”]
account (7), account* (1), accounting (2), accounts (2), answer (1), appearance (1), complaint (1), exhortation* (1), have to do (1), instruction (1), length* (1), matter (4), matters (1), message (10), news (3), preaching (1), question (2), reason (2), reasonable (1), remark (1), report (1), said (1), say (1), saying (4), sayings (1), speaker (1), speech (10), statement (18), story (1), talk (1), teaching (2), thing (2), things (1), utterance (2), what he says (1), what* (1), word (179), words (61).
συλλογίζομαι
MEDITATE UPON - CALCULATE
Syllogism
From σῠν- (“together”) + λογίζομαι (“to calculate”).
Verb
σῠλλογῐ́ζομαι • (sullogízomai) (Attic, Koine)
to compute, calculate
(logic) to conclude from premises, infer
(beginning with Aristotle) to infer by using syllogisms, syllogistically
(rare) to plan.
λογίζομαι
COUNT - RECKON
to reckon, count, compute, calculate, count over
to take into account, to make an account of
metaph. to pass to one’s account, to impute
a thing is reckoned as or to be something, i.e. as availing for or equivalent to something, as having the like force and weight
to number among, reckon with
to reckon or account
to reckon inward, count up or weigh the reasons, to deliberate
by reckoning up all the reasons, to gather or infer
to consider, take into account, weigh, meditate on
to suppose, deem, judge
to determine, purpose, decide.
Original Word: λογίζομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: logizomai Phonetic Spelling: (log-id'-zom-ahee) Definition: to reckon, to consider Usage: I reckon, count, charge with; reason, decide, conclude; think, suppose.
logízomai (the root of the English terms “logic, logical”) – properly, compute, “take into account”; reckon (come to a “bottom-line”), i.e. reason to a logical conclusion (decision).
λέγω
CONCLUSION - TO SAY
légō (originally, “lay down to sleep,”
used later of “laying an argument to rest,”
i.e. bringing a message to closure.
properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, “laying it to rest”).
In its earliest use in Homer to lay.
To lay with, count with; to enumerate, recount, narrate. describe.
To collect, gather; to pick out.
To put words together like building blocks.
To lay down bricks, “lego’s”
λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command.
για να ξέρεις
TO KNOW
ξέρεις • (xéreis)
2nd person singular present form of ξέρω (xéro).
θα ξέρεις: 2nd person singular imperfective future form of ξέρω (xéro).
να ξέρεις: 2nd person singular present subjunctive form of ξέρω (xéro).
να ξέρεις: 2nd person singular perfective future subjunctive form of ξέρω (xéro).
ξέρω ‘γω (xéro ‘go, “I’ve no idea”) literal translation: “know I”.
(know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo)
(know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”)
(know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”)
(know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”)
(know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”)
ξέρω
Ξέρεις
ACQUAINTANCE - TO KNOW SOMEONE/SOMETHING
(most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language)
Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― I knew he was a doctor.
Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω.― I don’t know his other friends.
Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Do you know any German?
(transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be
Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person.
γνωρίζω
TO KNOW
γνωρίζω • (gnorízo)
γνώρισα (simple past)
γνωρίζομαι (passive)
know (something), be aware
know (someone); get to know, meet
introduce, make acquaintance.
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αναγνωρίζω (anagnorízo, “to recognise”)
Related terms
γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”)
See also
ξέρω (xéro, “to know a fact”)
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γνώση • (gnósi) f (plural γνώσεις)
knowledge, scholarship (knowing; understanding)
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πεδίο γνώσης n (“field of knowledge”)
πεδίο • (pedío) n (plural πεδία)
field, domain, range.
πεδίον • (pedíon) n (genitive πεδίου); second declension
open country, field, plain, flat
metatarsus
female genitals
πέδον • (pédon) n (genitive πέδου); second declension
ground, earth.
𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 • (pēdan) n
place
floor, ground.
Sanskrit पद (padá, “step, footstep, footprint”)
See also Hittite 𒉺𒋫 (pa-ta, “foot”)
From Proto-Indo-European *pedóm (“step; bottom, floor”)
derived from *ped- (“to walk, to step”).
*ped-
to walk, to step
to stumble, to fall.
πούς • (poús) m (genitive ποδός); third declension
foot
leg
(unit of measure) Greek foot or pous, the ancient Greek and Byzantine unit of length originally based upon the length of a shod foot.
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γνῶσῐς
RESULTING KNOWLEDGE
γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension
Knowledge as a result of study and inquiry.
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From γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -σις (-sis).
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
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Original Word: γινώσκω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ginóskó
Phonetic Spelling: (ghin-oce’-ko)
Definition: to come to know, recognize, perceive
Usage: I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn; aor: I ascertained, realized.
HELPS Word-studies
1097 ginṓskō – properly, to know, especially through personal experience (first-hand acquaintance). 1097 /ginṓskō (“experientially know”) is used for example in Lk 1:34, “And Mary [a virgin] said to the angel, ‘How will this be since I do not know (1097 /ginṓskō = sexual intimacy) a man?’”
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γιγνώσκω
I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn.
I know, understand
I distinguish, discern
(with genitive) I am aware of something
(followed by relative clauses) I perceive that…
(in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think.
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γνῶσις
Original Word: γνῶσις, εως, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: gnósis
Phonetic Spelling: (gno'-sis)
Definition: a knowing, knowledge
Usage: knowledge, doctrine, wisdom.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 1108 gnṓsis (a feminine noun derived from 1097 /ginṓskō, "experientially know") – functional ("working") knowledge gleaned from first-hand (personal) experience, connecting theory to application; "application-knowledge," gained in (by) a direct relationship. See 1097 (ginōskō).
1108 /gnṓsis (“applied-knowledge”) is only as accurate (reliable) as the relationship it derives from. For example, the Gnostics boasted of their “applied knowledge” gained by their personal spiritual experiences – and it was (is) disastrous!
[“Gnosticism” is literally, “the cult based on having special, personal knowledge” (1108 /gnṓsis).]
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WILL KNOW
γνῷ
γνῷ (gnō) — 4 Occurrences
John 7:51 V-ASA-3S GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ γνῷ τί ποιεῖ NAS: hears from him and knows what KJV: him, and know what he doeth? INT: himself and known what he does
John 11:57 V-ASA-3S GRK: ἐάν τις γνῷ ποῦ ἐστὶν NAS: anyone knew where KJV: if any man knew where he were, INT: if anyone should know where he is
John 14:31 V-ASA-3S GRK: ἀλλ' ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κόσμος NAS: that the world may know that I love KJV: that the world may know that I love INT: but that might know the world
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KNEW
ἔγνω
ἔγνω (egnō) — 16 Occurrences Mark 5:29 V-AIA-3S GRK: αὐτῆς καὶ ἔγνω τῷ σώματι NAS: was dried up; and she felt in her body KJV: and she felt in [her] body INT: of her and she knew in [her] body
John 1:10 V-AIA-3S GRK: αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω NAS: Him, and the world did not know Him. KJV: and the world knew him not. INT: him not knew
John 4:1 V-AIA-3S GRK: Ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ Ἰησοῦς NAS: the Lord knew that the Pharisees KJV: the Lord knew how INT: When therefore knew Jesus
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YOU KNEW
ἔγνως
ἔγνως (egnōs) — 3 Occurrences Luke 19:42 V-AIA-2S GRK: ὅτι Εἰ ἔγνως ἐν τῇ NAS: saying, If you had known in this day, KJV: If thou hadst known, even INT: If you had known in the
Luke 19:44 V-AIA-2S GRK: ὧν οὐκ ἔγνως τὸν καιρὸν NAS: because you did not recognize the time KJV: because thou knewest not INT: which not you knew the season
Luke 24:18 V-AIA-2S
GRK: καὶ οὐκ ἔγνως τὰ γενόμενα
KJV: not known the things which are come to pass
INT: and not have known the things which have come to pass
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I KNEW
ἔγνων
ἔγνων (egnōn) — 6 Occurrences Matthew 7:23 V-AIA-1S GRK: ὅτι Οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς ἀποχωρεῖτε NAS: to them, 'I never knew you; DEPART KJV: I never knew you: depart INT: Never knew I you depart you
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YOU WILL KNOW
γνῷς
γνῷς (gnōs) — 1 Occurrence Revelation 3:3 V-ASA-2S GRK: οὐ μὴ γνῷς ποίαν ὥραν NAS: a thief, and you will not know at what KJV: thou shalt not know what hour INT: no not shall you know what hour
Matthew 25:24 V-AIA-1S GRK: εἶπεν Κύριε ἔγνων σε ὅτι NAS: Master, I knew you to be a hard KJV: and said, Lord, I knew thee that INT: said Lord I knew you that
Luke 8:46 V-AIA-1S GRK: ἐγὼ γὰρ ἔγνων δύναμιν ἐξεληλυθυῖαν NAS: did touch Me, for I was aware that power KJV: for I perceive that virtue is gone INT: I indeed knew [that] power went out
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YOU WILL BE KNOWING
γνώσῃ
γνώσῃ (gnōsē) — 1 Occurrence
John 13:7 V-FIM-2S
GRK: οἶδας ἄρτι γνώσῃ δὲ μετὰ
NAS: now, but you will understand hereafter.
KJV: now; but thou shalt know hereafter.
INT: know presently you will know moreover with
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I WILL KNOW
γνώσομαι
γνώσομαι (gnōsomai) — 2 Occurrences Luke 1:18 V-FIM-1S GRK: Κατὰ τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο ἐγὼ NAS: How will I know this KJV: Whereby shall I know this? INT: By what will I know this I
1 Corinthians 4:19 V-FIM-1S GRK: θελήσῃ καὶ γνώσομαι οὐ τὸν NAS: wills, and I shall find out, not the words KJV: will, and will know, not the speech INT: wills and I will know not the
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TO KNOW
γνῶναι
γνῶναι (gnōnai) — 15 Occurrences
Matthew 13:11 V-ANA
GRK: Ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι τὰ μυστήρια
NAS: them, To you it has been granted to know the mysteries
KJV: unto you to know the mysteries
INT: to you it has been given to know the mysteries
Mark 7:24 V-ANA GRK: οὐδένα ἤθελεν γνῶναι καὶ οὐκ NAS: no one to know [of it]; yet KJV: no man know [it]: but INT: no one he wished to know [it] and not
γεγονός
FACT
γεγονός • (gegonós) n (plural γεγονότα)
event, fact, occurrence
γινώσκεις
YOU KNOW
From γόνω (offspring) + γνῶσῐς (knowledge)
γινώσκεις
know
V-PIA-2S
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From γόνω (offspring) + γνῶσῐς (knowledge)
γόνω γόνω: translation offspring that which is begotten masc / fem nom / voc / acc dual offspring that which is begotten masc / fem gen sg (doric aeolic)
γόνος offspring child, descendant The offspring of a well - known family was seen as the protagonist of the theater sperm, seed the pollen of flowers fish eggs or pups brood fishing is prohibited
γόνῳ - γόνος that which is begotten masc / fem dat sg…
Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικοί δείκτης )
γόνωι - γόνῳ, γόνος that which is begotten masc / fem dat sg… Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικές δείκτης )
ζωγονώ - ζωγονώ, έω (Α) πάπ. (for trees) I am thirsty, I am in prosperity.
ΕΤΥΜΟΛ.
*gno-
KNOW
*gnō-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to know.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jna- “know;” Avestan zainti- “knowledge,” Old Persian xšnasatiy “he shall know;” Old Church Slavonic znati “recognizes,” Russian znat “to know;” Latin gnoscere “get to know,” nobilis “known, famous, noble;” Greek gignoskein “to know,” gnotos “known,” gnosis “knowledge, inquiry;” Old Irish gnath “known;” German kennen “to know,” Gothic kannjan “to make known.”
It forms all or part of: acknowledge; acquaint; agnostic; anagnorisis; astrognosy;
can (v.1) "have power to, be able;" cognition; cognizance; con (n.2) "study;" connoisseur; could; couth; cunning;
diagnosis;
ennoble;
gnome; (n.2) “short, pithy statement of general truth;”
gnomic; gnomon; gnosis; gnostic; Gnostic;
ignoble;
ignorant;
ignore;
incognito;
ken (n.1) “cognizance, intellectual view;” kenning; kith;
know;
knowledge;
narrate; narration; nobility; noble; notice; notify; notion; notorious;
physiognomy;
prognosis;
quaint;
recognize;
reconnaissance;
reconnoiter;
uncouth;
Zend.
notio
NOTION
From nōtus (“known, recognized, acquainted with”), perfect passive participle of nōscō.
nōtiō f (genitive nōtiōnis); third declension
acquaintance (becoming acquainted)
examination, investigation
notion, idea.
nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation
I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge.
Hic Natus Ubique Notus
Born Here, Known Everywhere (motto of the Allende Institute in reference to Ignacio de Allende)
Verb
Edit
nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation
I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge.
Hic Natus Ubique Notus
Born Here, Known Everywhere (motto of the Allende Institute in reference to Ignacio de Allende)
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From earlier gnōscō
from Proto-Italic *gnōskō
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti.
gnōscō (present infinitive gnōscere, perfect active gnōvī, supine gnōtum); third conjugation
Alternative form of nōscō.
*gnōskō
know, get to know.
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti.
From *ǵneh₃- + *-sḱéti.
To recognize.
*ǵneh₃- (perfective)
to know.
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Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis) Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē) Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma) Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn) Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos) Ancient Greek: γνωστός (gnostós) Ancient Greek: άγνωστος (ágnostos)
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γνωστός • (gnostós) m (feminine γνωστή, neuter γνωστό)
Adjective
known.
familiar.
From Ancient Greek γνωστός (gnōstós), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”).
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γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō)
I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn.
(with genitive) I am aware of something.
(followed by relative clauses) I perceive that…
(in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think.
From γνω- (gnō-), lengthened grade of the root of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -μη (-mē).
γνώμη • (gnómi) f (plural γνώμες)
opinion, perception (subjective thought)
-μη
Noun forming suffix.
γῐνώσκω • (ginṓskō)
an alternative later spelling of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)
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γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension NOUN means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision
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γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō)
I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn.
I know, understand
I distinguish, discern
(with genitive) I am aware of something.
(followed by relative clauses) I perceive that…
-σκω
Present tense inchoative verb suffix.
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γνωστός • (gnostós) m (plural γνωστοί)
acquaintance, a person whom one knows; a familiar.
One with whom another is acquainted.
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αγνώριστος (agnóristos, “unrecognisable”)
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γνωρίζω (gnorízo, “to know, to meet”)
VERB γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (simple past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) know (something), be aware know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance.
γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō)
make known (in passive: become known)
learn, discover.
From γνῶσις (“known”) + -ίζω
γνωρίζω (“to know, to meet”)
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote:
adhere to the policy of the city
mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym
-ίζω (-ízō) + Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō)
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αναγνωρίσιμος
From…
ανα- (“repeated”) + γνωρίζω (“know”)
αναγνωρίσιμος • (anagnorísimos) m (feminine αναγνωρίσιμη, neuter αναγνωρίσιμο)
recognisable (UK), recognizable (US)
αναγνωρίζω • (anagnorízo) (simple past αναγνώρισα, passive αναγνωρίζομαι)
recognise (UK), recognize (US),
identify
acknowledge, admit
Αναγνωρίζω τα λάθη μου. ― Anagnorízo ta láthi mou. ― I admit my mistakes.
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γνώση f (gnósi, “knowledge”) γνωστός (gnostós, “known”) γνωστός m (gnostós, “acquaintance”) γνώστης m (gnóstis, “expert”) γνώστρια f (gnóstria, “expert”) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
γνώστης • (gnóstis) m, f (plural γνώστες, feminine γνώστρια)
Expert - (masculine)
γνώστρια • (gnóstria) f (plural γνώστριες, masculine γνώστης)
Expert - (feminine)
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γνώρισα
I knew.
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γνωρίζομαι • (gnorízomai) passive (simple past γνωρίστηκα, active γνωρίζω)
To know each other.
(passive) meet, get to know each other.
(As opposed to… I know him.) “Active”
(As opposed to… He knows me.) “Passive”
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γνώριμος • (gnórimos) m (feminine γνώριμη, neuter γνώριμο)
Adjective
familiar, known.
-ῐμος • (-imos) m, f (neuter -ῐμον); second declension
Added to the stems of verbs or verbal nouns in -σις (-sis) to form an adjective of possibility or capability: -able, -ible, -like, -ed.
δοκέω (dokéō, “seem good”) + -ιμος (-imos) → δόκιμος (dókimos, “approved”)
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άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (feminine άγνωστη, neuter άγνωστο)
unknown, strange.
One with whom another is unacquainted.
άγνωστος • (ágnostos) m (plural άγνωστοι)
stranger (a person one does not know)
(mathematics) unknown.
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αγνωστικός • (agnostikós) m (plural αγνωστικοί, feminine αγνωστικίστρια)
Agnostic.
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αγνωστικιστής • (agnostikistís) m (plural αγνωστικιστές, feminine αγνωστικίστρια)
Agnosticist.
-ιστής
added to a noun or adjective to create words for a male person who is a follower or supporter of that notion; -ist:
added to a noun, adjective or verb to create words for a male person who behaves in a certain way; -ist, -er:
added to a noun or verb to create words for a male person who is a habitual doer of said action; -ist, -er:
αγνωσιαρχία f (agnosiarchía, “agnosticism”)
αγνωστικισμός m (agnostikismós, “agnosticism”)
αγνωστικιστής m (agnostikistís, “agnostic”)
αγνωστικιστικός (agnostikistikós, “agnostic”, adjective)
αγνωστικίστρια f (agnostikístria, “agnostic”)
αγνωστοποίητος (agnostopoíitos, “undisclosed”)
άγνωστος (ágnostos, “inexperienced; unfamiliar”, adjective)
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DERIVED TERMS
ἀγνοέω (agnoéō) ἀγνώμων (agnṓmōn) ἀγνώς (agnṓs) ἄγνωτος (ágnōtos) ἀλλογνοέω (allognoéō) ἀλλογνώμων (allognṓmōn) ἀλλογνώς (allognṓs) ἀλλόγνωτος (allógnōtos) ἀμφιγνοέω (amphignoéō) ἀμφοτερογνώμων (amphoterognṓmōn) ᾰ̓νᾰγιγνώσκω (anagignṓskō) ᾰ̓πογιγνώσκω (apogignṓskō) ἀργῠρογνώμων (argurognṓmōn) ᾰ̓ριγνώς (arignṓs) ᾰ̓ρίγνωτος (arígnōtos) ἀρτίγνωστος (artígnōstos) αὐτογνώμων (autognṓmōn) αὐτόγνωτος (autógnōtos) βᾰθῠγνώμων (bathugnṓmōn) βρᾰχῠγνώμων (brakhugnṓmōn) γνωμοδοτέω (gnōmodotéō) γνωμολογέω (gnōmologéō) γνωμοτῠ́πος (gnōmotúpos) γνωμοφλῠᾱκέω (gnōmophluākéō) δῐᾰγιγνώσκω (diagignṓskō) διγνώμων (dignṓmōn) δῐχογνώμων (dikhognṓmōn) δουλογνώμων (doulognṓmōn) δυσγνώμων (dusgnṓmōn) δύσγνωστος (dúsgnōstos) ἐγγιγνώσκω (engignṓskō) ἐναντῐογνώμων (enantiognṓmōn) ἐπῐγιγνώσκω (epigignṓskō) ἑτερογνώμων (heterognṓmōn) εὐγνώμων (eugnṓmōn) εὔγνωστος (eúgnōstos) εὐθῠ́γνωμος (euthúgnōmos) ἑχετογνώμονες (hekhetognṓmones) ἡδυγνώμων (hēdugnṓmōn) θεόγνωστος (theógnōstos) ῐ̓δῐογνώμων (idiognṓmōn) ἱππογνώμων (hippognṓmōn) ἰσχῡρογνώμων (iskhūrognṓmōn) κᾰκογνώμων (kakognṓmōn) κᾰλογνώμων (kalognṓmōn) καρδῐογνώστης (kardiognṓstēs) κᾰτᾰγιγνώσκω (katagignṓskō) καταγνοέω (katagnoéō) λειπογνώμων (leipognṓmōn) λεπτογνώμων (leptognṓmōn) λῐθογνώμων (lithognṓmōn) μᾰλᾰκογνώμων (malakognṓmōn) μεγᾰλογνώμων (megalognṓmōn) μετᾰγιγνώσκω (metagignṓskō) μικρογνωμοσῠ́νη (mikrognōmosúnē) μοιρογνωμόνῐον (moirognōmónion) μονογνώμων (monognṓmōn) νοσογνωμονῐκός (nosognōmonikós) ὀλῐγογνώμων (oligognṓmōn) ὀλισθογνωμονέω (olisthognōmonéō) ὁμογνώμων (homognṓmōn) ὀρθογνώμων (orthognṓmōn) ὀρνῑθογνώμων (ornīthognṓmōn) οὐρᾰνογνώμων (ouranognṓmōn) πᾰθογνωμονῐκός (pathognōmonikós) πᾰρᾰγιγνώσκω (paragignṓskō) πᾱσιγνωστος (pāsignōstos) πολυγνώμων (polugnṓmōn) πολύγνωτος (polúgnōtos) προβᾰτογνώμων (probatognṓmōn) προγιγνώσκω (progignṓskō) προσγιγνώσκω (prosgignṓskō) Σεβαστόγνωστος (Sebastógnōstos) σκληρογνώμων (sklērognṓmōn) συγγιγνώσκω (sungignṓskō) τοιουτογνώμων (toioutognṓmōn) ὑδρογνώμων (hudrognṓmōn) ὑψηλογνώμων (hupsēlognṓmōn) φῠσιογνώμων (phusiognṓmōn) ὡρογνωμονέω (hōrognōmonéō)
RELATED TERMS
γνώμη (gnṓmē) γνωμηδόν (gnōmēdón) γνωμηστός (gnōmēstós) γνωμῐ́δῐον (gnōmídion) γνωμῐκός (gnōmikós) γνωμοσῠ́νη (gnōmosúnē) γνώμων (gnṓmōn) γνωρίζω (gnōrízō) γνώρῐμος (gnṓrimos) γνωστός (gnōstós) γνωτέρα (gnōtéra) γνωτός (gnōtós) γνῶμᾰ (gnôma) γνῶσῐς (gnôsis)
επιστήμη
επιστημονικός
SCIENCE - STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE
From ἐπίσταμαι
from ἐπί + ἵστημι
ἐπιστήμη • (epistḗmē) f (genitive ἐπιστήμης); first declension
science
knowledge
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επιστημονικός • (epistimonikós) m (feminine επιστημονική, neuter επιστημονικό)
scientific (scientif-ic)
-ικός (-ic)
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επιστήμη • (epistími) f (plural επιστήμες)
(sciences) science
φυσικές επιστήμες ― fysikés epistímes ― natural sciences.
επιστήμονας m, f (epistímonas, “scientist”)
επιστημονικός (epistimonikós, “scientific”)
επιστητό n (epistitó, “knowledge”)
ψευδοεπιστήμη f (psevdoepistími, “pseudoscience”)
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ῐ̔́στημῐ • (hístēmi)
Verb
(transitive, active voice of present, imperfect, future, and 1st aorist tenses)
to make to stand, to stand, set.
From Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti, the reduplicated present of *steh₂-.
Cognates include Old English standan (English stand),
Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) (root √sthā),
Latin stō, sistō,
Old Armenian ստանամ (stanam),
Persian ایستادن (istādan).
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στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree
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στάση • (stási) f (plural στάσεις)
position, attitude, stance (physical or mental) (transport) stop, bus stop (film) frame stop (coming to a halt) mutiny, rebellion stasis.
στάσεως • (stáseos) f
Genitive singular form of στάση (stási).
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ἀνάστασις f ( “stand again, resurrection”)
αντίσταση f (“resistance”)
έκσταση f (“ecstacy”)
κατάσταση f (“condition, situation”)
στάση λεωφορείου f (“bus stop”)
στασιαστής m (“rebel”)
σταθμός m (stathmós, “station”)
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Proof-Indo-European
*stísteh₂ti (imperfective)
to be standing up, to be getting up.
*steh₂- (perfective) to stand (up)
*stestóh₂e (stative)
to be standing.
*stoh₂éyeti (imperfective) to cause to stand.. From *steh₂- (“stand”) + *-éyeti. From *-yeti. *(o)-éyeti Forms causative imperfective verbs from roots. Forms iterative or frequentative imperfective verbs from roots. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Latin stabulum n (genitive stabulī); second declension. From st(ā) + -bulum. dwelling, habitation stall, stable hut tavern, public house, hostelry brothel.
-bulum
From Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”).
-bulum n (genitive -bulī); second declension
Noun suffix denoting instrument.
Noun suffix denoting vessel or place.
Noun suffix denoting person. (rare)
Latin - stō I stand I stay, remain (Medieval Latin) I [currently] am (feel) (Medieval Latin) I am [located at]
Latin - sistō
(present infinitive) - sistere
(perfect active) - stitī or stetī
(supine) - statum
(transitive) I cause to stand; I set; I place.
(intransitive) I place myself; I stand.
(transitive, law) I cause to appear in court.
(intransitive, law) I appear in court.
(intransitive) I stand still; I halt; I stand firm.
Latin - statiō f (genitive statiōnis); third declension outpost, picket station watch a standing, standing firm, position
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तिष्ठति • (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था, class 1, type P)
1. to stand, stand firmly, station oneself, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on.
2. to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action.
3. to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with locative or ind.p.)
4. to continue to be or exist (as opposed to “perish”), endure, last
to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand.
5. to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate.
6. to be directed to or fixed on (+ locative)
7. (causative) to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute.
8. (causative) to affirm, assent
9. (causative) to appoint (to any office + locative)
10. (causative) to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (+ two accusatives)
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Old English - stede
To place.
Old English - stedefæst
firmly fixed; rooted to one spot; secure
(of a person, figuratively) steadfast.
From Old English fæst (“secure, firm”).
Proto-Germanic - *stadiz
place, location.
*-þiz f
Forms abstract nouns from verb roots, usually from strong verbs.
Proto-Germanic - *stāną
to stand.
Proto-Indo-European - *stéh₂tis
oblique stem *sth₂téy-
standing, position.
Proto-Hellenic/ *státis
standing.
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STATOR
The stator is the stationary part of a rotary system, found in electric generators, electric motors, sirens, mud motors or biological rotors. Energy flows through a stator to or from the rotating component of the system. In an electric motor, the stator provides a rotating magnetic field that drives the rotating armature; in a generator, the stator converts the rotating magnetic field to electric current.
προσοχή
ATTENTION
From πρός (“to, towards, with”) + ἔχω (“I have, hold”)
προσοχή • (prosokhḗ) f (genitive προσοχῆς); first declension (Koine)
(Koine) attention.
From προσέχω (“to guard against”) + -η (abstract noun suffix).
-η
Forms abstract action noun.
προσέχω • (prosékhō)
I hold to, offer, I bring to.
I bring a ship near a place, bring it to port, I put in, touch at a place, (absolute) I land.
I turn to or towards a thing, I turn my mind, thoughts, attention to a thing.
μῐμνήσκω
REMEMBER
μῐμνήσκω • (mimnḗskō)
(active)
(transitive) To remind [+accusative and genitive = someone of something], put in mind.
From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-eh₂-sḱe-, from the root *men- with inchoative suffix -σκω (-skō).
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μνάομαι • (mnáomai)
to be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance
to woo, court.
From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).
Compare μαίνομαι (maínomai),
μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō),
as well as Sanskrit मन्यते (mányate),
Sanskrit म्ना (√mnā),
whence Sanskrit मनति (manati, “remember, repeat in the mind”),
Old Church Slavonic мьнѣти (mĭněti) and Lithuanian miniu.
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ᾰ̓μνηστῐ́ᾱ • (amnēstíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓μνηστῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Amnesty
forgetfulness
(and especially) an amnesty
failure to mention (a thing), passing (it) over.
From ᾰ̓́μνηστος (ámnēstos, “forgotten, forgetful”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix), ultimately from μνάομαι (mnáomai, “remember”).
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μνῆμα • (mnêma) n (genitive μνήμᾰτος); third declension
memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing
mound or building in honour of the dead
memorial dedicated to a god.
From μνάομαι (mnáomai) + -μα (-ma)
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μνήμη • (mnḗmē) f (genitive μνήμης); first declension
Memory, remembrance.
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μνημεῖον • (mnēmeîon) n (genitive μνημείου); second declension
any memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing.
memorial of a dead person; a monument.
From μνήμη (mnḗmē, “memory”) + -εῖον (-eîon), from μνᾰ́ομαι (mnáomai, “I am mindful of”) + -μη (-mē).
-εῖον • (-eîon) n (genitive -είου); second declension
Forms nouns, usually instruments or means of action, from noun-stems.
Originally from adjectives in -εῖος (-eîos)
-εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension
Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing
Added to an ancestor’s or place name to form a demonym: -ian
Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er
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Synonyms Edit (memory): ανάμνηση f (anámnisi) (memory): θύμηση f (thýmisi) Antonyms Edit αμνησία f (amnisía) λήθη f (líthi) λησμονιά f (lismoniá) Related terms Edit αμνημόνευτος (amnimóneftos, “immemorial”, adjective) αμνημοσύνη f (amnimosýni, “forgetfulness”) αμνήμων f (amnímon, “forgetful”) αμνησία f (amnisía, “amnesia”) αμνησικακία f (amnisikakía, “forgiveness”) αμνησίκακος (amnisíkakos, “forgiving”, adjective) αμνηστία f (amnistía, “amnesty”) μνήμα n (mníma, “tomb”) μνημείο n (mnimeío, “memorial, monument”)
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μνημοσῠ́νη • (mnēmosúnē) f (genitive μνημοσῠ́νης); first declension
memory
From μνήμων (“remembering”) + -σύνη (-súnē).
-σῠ́νη • (-súnē) m (genitive -σῠ́νης); first declension
Forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns…
δῐ́καιος (“just”) + -σῠ́νη →
δῐκαιοσύνη (“justice”)
μᾰ́ντις (“diviner”) + -οσῠ́νη →
μαντοσύνη (“divination”)
μνήμων (“remembering”) + -οσῠ́νη →
μνημοσύνη (“memory”)
σώφρων (“prudent”) + -σῠ́νη →
σωφροσύνη (“prudence”)
-φρων
φρήν (phrenology)
MIND - HEART - EMOTIONS - SOUL
Phrenology (from Ancient Greek φρήν (phrēn), meaning ‘mind’, and λόγος (logos), meaning ‘knowledge’) is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.
Synonyms
(seat of emotions): θῡμός (thūmós), πραπίς (prapís)
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”).
ᾰ̓φροσῠ́νη (aphrosúnē) ἄφρων ἀ- (“not”) + -φρων (“mind”) Adjective senseless, crazed, frantic, silly, foolish.
-φρων
A stem found in adjectives relating to the mind or emotions.
From o-grade of φρήν (“heart, mind”).
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“soul, mind”). Related to Old Norse grunr (“suspicious”).
φρήν • (phrḗn) f (genitive φρενός); third declension
(often in the plural)
The midriff, stomach and lower chest or breast.
The seat of emotions, heart; seat of bodily appetites such as hunger.
The seat of intellect, wits, mind
will, purpose.
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-φρων (-phrōn) ἄφρων (“foolish”) περίφρων (“very prudent”) πρόφρων (“eager, earnest”) σώφρων (“prudent”) φρονέω (“think, be wise”) φρενῖτις (phrenîtis) φρενόω (“make wise”)
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φρενῖτις • (phrenîtis)
inflammation of the brain.
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περῐ́φρων • (períphrōn) m, f (neuter —
Having very good sense, wise, sagacious, prudent.
(later) excessively confident, haughty.
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πρόφρων • (próphrōn) (feminine πρόφρων, πρόφρασσα (Epic), neuter πρόφρον); third declension
zealous, eager, earnest.
προ- (pro-) + -φρων (-phrōn)
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σώφρων • (sṓphrōn) m, f (neuter σῶφρον); third declension
Of sound mind: sane
moderate, prudent, sensible, reasonable
self-controlled, temperate, chaste, sober
From σῶς (sôs, “safe”) + -φρων (-phrōn, “mind”).
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σωφροσῠ́νη • (sōphrosúnē) f (genitive σωφροσῠ́νης); first declension
Soundness of mind, prudence, discretion; sanity.
From σώφρων (“wise”) + -σῠ́νη
-σῠ́νη
Forms abstract nouns.
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μνήμη
MEMORY
From μνάομαι (“to be mindful of, remember”) + -μη
μνάομαι • (mnáomai)
to be mindful, remember, come (have) in remembrance
to woo, court.
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μῐμνήσκω • (mimnḗskō)
(active)
(transitive) To remind [+accusative and genitive = someone of something.
Put in mind.
from the root *men- with inchoative suffix -σκω
(transitive) To recall something to memory, to make famous.
(transitive) To call to mind, remember.
(intransitive) To bear in mind, to not forget.
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Cognates include μνάομαι (“to be mindful”)
Sanskrit अम्नासिषु - amnāsiṣu
मम्नौ - mamnau
(remember, repeat in the mind”, perfect).
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Synonyms
(memory) : ανάμνηση f (anámnisi)
(memory) : θύμηση f (thýmisi)
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Antonyms
αμνησία f (amnisía)
λήθη f (líthi)
λησμονιά f (lismoniá)
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Related terms
αμνημόνευτος (“immemorial”, adjective) αμνημοσύνη f (“forgetfulness”) αμνήμων f (“forgetful”) αμνησία f (“amnesia”) αμνησικακία f (“forgiveness”) αμνησίκακος (“forgiving”, adjective) αμνηστία f (“amnesty”) μνήμα n (“tomb”) μνημείο n (“memorial, monument”)
επικοινωνώ κοινωνία κοινό κοινή κοινός κοινόν
COMMUNICATE - COMMON - COMMUNION
κοινό
General, common.
Common to the people.
Public.
public (people in general)
H έκθεση θα είναι ανοιχτή για το κοινό.
The exhibition will be open to the public.
κοινός (“mutual, common”)
κοινή λογική (“common sense”)
κοινό καλό ("common good")
κοινός νους (“common sense”)
κοινή πεποίθηση ("common belief")
ο κοινός άνθρωπος (" the common man")
κοινή γνώμη ("public knowledge")
κοινή ωφέλεια ("public utility")
κοινόν (“confederation”)
κοινόν • (koinón) n
(politics) confederation (of city-states with central government)
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κοινός
common, mutual, shared, joint.
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επικοινωνώ • (epikoinonó) (simple past επικοινώνησα)
talk, communicate.
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επικοινωνία - communication.
επικοινωνώ - to talk, to communicate.
αλληλεπικοινωνώ - Intercommunicate.
αλληλεπικοινωνία - Intercommunication.
αλληλεπικοινωνίες - Communications.
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COMMUNICATE (defined)
From Proto-Indo-European / *ḱóm
Beside, near, by, with.
Derived terms Ancient Greek: κατά (katá) Ancient Greek: καί Ancient Greek: κάσις Ancient Greek: κοινός
Latin: contrā
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COMMUNICATE (defined)
From Proto-Indo-European - *mey-
To bind.
To change, exchange.
From Proto-Indo-European - *meygʷ-
To exchange.
From Proto-Indo-European - *meyḱ- / *meyǵ-
To mix.
From Greek - μῑ́γνῡμῐ (active) to mix, mix up, mingle to join, bring together to join battle hand to hand to bring into connection with, to make acquainted (passive, with future middle) to be mixed up with, mingled among to be brought into contact with to mix in fight to have sex with.
From Latin - misceō
I mix.
I confuse.
From Sanskrit- मिश्र (miśrá)
Mixed, mingled, blended.
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COM- CON-
From Proto-Indo-European / *ḱóm
Preposition
Beside, near, by, with.
From Proto-Italic - *kom
Preposition
*kom
(with ablative) with, along, at.
From Old Irish - comh- mutual, joint, common; co- fellow- equal close, near full, complete, uniform (botany) gamo-
From Latin - con- From preposition cum (“with”). Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects. commaculō commendō concitō comminuō concerpō concīdō convellō, etc.
Latin - cum (+ ablative)
with
Titus cum familiā habitat. ―
Titus lives with his family.
magnā cum laude ―
with great praise.
From Old Latin com,
from Proto-Italic *kom,
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ga- (“co-”),
Proto-Slavic *sъ(n) (“with”),
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From Proto-Germanic *hansō.
*hansō f
A gathering, summation, mass, quantity, amount
A coalition, crowd, multitude, troop.
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱómsōd (“union, gathering”)
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
(“beside, by, with, along”)
Cognate with Latin consilium
(“council, advisory body”)
Alternative etymology suggests possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ken-, *(s)kend- (“to split off, secede”)
ενήμερος
AWARENESS - IMPART - INFORMED
COGNIZANT OF
ABREAST OF
KNOWN
SEEN
GUARD
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Watch
See
Know
Observe
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Old English -.ġewær
From ġe- (intensifier) + wær
aware
ġe-
Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection.
wær
aware, cautious.
from Proto-Indo-European *wēr-
True
From vērus (“true”).
From Old Norse - vera
From vera (verb)
to exist, to be
From Latin vērus
true, real
proper, suitable
right, just
From Proto-Germanic - *wesaną
to be
to remain
to exist
From Proto-Indo-European - *h₁es (imperfective)
to be
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From Greek - ἐτεός
in accordance with reality or one’s feelings:
true, genuine.
ἐτεόν (eteón) as adverb, often preceded by εἰ (ei): truly, in fact, rightly.
feminine ἐτεή - as substantive: reality.
ἐτεῇ - in reality.
Ἐτεόνῑκος
From ἐτεός (“true”) + νῑ́κη (“victory”) + -ος
-ος - (action noun)
Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.
-ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension
Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.
Added to the zero-grade.
ἔπᾰθον (“I experienced”, aorist) + -ος →
πᾰ́θος (“the experience, the emotion”)
Added to the e-grade.
μείρομαι (“to receive as one’s portion”) + -ος →
μέρος (“ the part”)
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aware (adj.)
late Old English gewær “watchful, vigilant,”
from Proto-Germanic *ga-waraz
source also of Old Saxon giwar,
Middle Dutch gheware,
Old High German giwar,
German gewahr),
from *ga-, intensive prefix, + *waraz “wary, cautious,”
from PIE root *wer- (3) “perceive, watch out for.”
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*wer- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “perceive, watch out for.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Latin vereri “to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear;”
Greek ouros “a guard, watchman,”
Greek horan “to see;”
Hittite werite- “to see;”
Old English weard “a guarding, protection; watchman, sentry, keeper.”
cogitare
TO THINK - COGITATE - COGNITION
From con- (together, with) + agitō (I do, drive, lead, chase)
cōgitō - I think
Borrowed from Latin agitō (“I chase”).
con-
Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects.
Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word.
agito
I do, I make.
agō
From agō (“do, act, make”) + -itō.
agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation
I do, act, make, behave.
ἄγω
From Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”)
From Proto-Indo-European/ *h₂éǵeti *h₂éǵeti (imperfective) to be driving. *h₂eǵ- (imperfective) to drive.
agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation
I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb.
I brandish, wield.
(of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control.
(of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue.
I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb.
I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on.
I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment.
I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock.
I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise.
(of time) I pass, spend.
I live, dwell, abide, sojourn.
(of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon.
(of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend.
I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate.
(with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in.
DRIVE
from Old English drīfan (“to drive, force, move, chase, hunt, follow up, pursue; impel by physical force, rush against, thrust, carry off vigorously, transact, prosecute, conduct, practice, carry on, exercise, do; speak often of a matter, bring up, agitate, trot out; urge a cause; suffer, undergo; proceed with violence, rush with violence, act impetuously”)
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cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation
I think
cogitare
(transitive, intransitive, literary) to cogitate; to ponder; to think
nūmen
WILL - A SIGN OF WILL - A NOD - ASSENT
Latin term for “divinity”, or a “divine presence”, “divine will.”
Numen, pl. numina,
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*nuō
I nod
From Proto-Indo-European
*new-
to nod, assent to.
nūmen n (genitive nūminis); third declension a nod of the head divine sway or will divine power or right divinity.
from *nuō + -men, thus meaning “a nodding with the head”
-men n (genitive -minis); third declension
forms neuter nouns of the third declension.
*(é)-mn̥ n
Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
“a nod”, “command”, “will” (as nūtus), with the particular meaning of “the divine will”, “the will or power of the gods”, “divine sway”.
Lucretius uses the expression numen mentis,[6] or “bidding of the mind,”[7] where “bidding” is numen, not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine, but as simply human will.
Numen, pl. numina, is a Latin term for “divinity”, or a “divine presence”, “divine will.”
Cicero writes of a “divine mind” (divina mens), a god “whose numen everything obeys,” and a “divine power” (vim divinam) “which pervades the lives of men.” It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury.
In Virgil’s recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the Odyssey, in his Aeneid, he has Odysseus and his men first “ask for the assistance of the great numina” (magna precati numina).
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From Ancient Greek: νεύω (neúō)
νεύω neuó: to nod or beckon (as a sign) Original Word: νεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: neuó Phonetic Spelling: (nyoo'-o) Definition: to nod or beckon (as a sign) Usage: I nod, make a sign, beckon.
To give a nod; to signify by a nod (A. V. to beckon): τίνι, followed by an infinitive of what one wishes to be done.
Apparently a primary verb; to “nod”, i.e. (by analogy), signal – beckon.
John 13:24 V-PIA-3S GRK: νεύει οὖν τούτῳ NAS: Peter gestured to him, and said KJV: therefore beckoned to him, INT: Makes a sign therefore to him
Thayer’s Definition
to give a nod
to signify by a nod (of what one wishes to be done)
Sententia
CAPACITY TO FEEL - SENSE - QUALIA
Sentience is the capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively.[1] Eighteenth-century philosophers used the concept to distinguish the ability to think (reason) from the ability to feel (sentience). In modern Western philosophy, sentience is the ability to experience sensations (known in philosophy of mind as “qualia”). Hey
Sententia, the nominative singular, also called a “sentence”, is a kind of rhetorical proof. Through the invocation of a proverb, quotation, or witty turn of phrase during a presentation or conversation one may be able to gain the assent of the listener, who will hear a kind of non-logical, but agreed-upon “truth” in what you are saying. An example of this is the phrase “age is better with wine” playing off of the adage “wine is better with age”.
Sententiae, the nominative plural of the Latin word sententia, are brief moral sayings, such as proverbs, adages, aphorisms, maxims, or apophthegms taken from ancient or popular or other sources, often quoted without context
sapiēns
WISE - KNOWLEDGEABLE - DISCERNING - JUDICIOUS
sapiēns m, f, n (genitive sapientis); third declension
discerning, wise, judicious
discreet
(masculine substantive) a wise man, sage, philosopher
Anonymous (Can we date this quote?)
Sapiens nihil affirmat quod non probat
“a wise man asserts nothing which he does not (ap)prove.”
Present active participle of sapiō (“discern, be capable of discerning”).
sapiō (present infinitive sapere, perfect active sapīvī); third conjugation iō-variant, no passive
I taste of, smack of, have a flavour of.
I have good taste or discernment.
(figuratively) I am wise or sensible; I skill, discern.
From Proto-Italic *sapiō
from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-i- (“to notice”)
from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós)
Old English sefa (“mind, spirit, mood”).
*sep-
to taste, to try out.
From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p- (“to try, to research”).
σοφός • (sophós) m (feminine σοφή, neuter σοφόν); first/second declension
clever, skillful, cunning, able
intelligent, wise, prudent.
οἶδα
ᾔδεισαν
εἶδος
TO BE AWARE - TO KNOW
To know one must first see.
Seeing words becomes knowing meaning.
To learn by seeing. (Become Literate)
As opposed to oral tradition. To learn by hearing.
Latin - video
An obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.
οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate.
1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving (“mentally seeing”). This is akin to the expressions: “I see what You mean”; “I see what you are saying.”
1492 /eídō (“seeing that becomes knowing”) then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).
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εἶδος
Shape, form, appearance.
Luke 9:29 N-NNS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ εἶδος τοῦ προσώπου NAS: He was praying, the appearance of His face KJV: prayed, the fashion of his INT: he the appearance of the face
John 5:37 N-ANS
GRK: ἀκηκόατε οὔτε εἶδος αὐτοῦ ἑωράκατε
NAS: nor seen His form.
KJV: seen his shape.
INT: have you heard nor form of him have you seen
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ᾔδεισαν
They knew
συνιέναι
INTERNAL INSIGHT
συνιέναι implies native insight, the soul’s capacity of itself not only to lay hold of the phenomena of the outer world through the senses, but by combination (σύν and ἰέναι) to arrive at their underlying laws. Hence, συνιέναι may mark an antithesis to sense-perception; whereas γινώσκειν marks an advance upon it. As applied e. g. to a work of literature, γινώσκειν expresses an acquaintance with it.
Qualia
Quale
In philosophy and certain models of psychology, qualia (/ˈkwɑːliə/ or /ˈkweɪliə/; singular form: quale) are defined to be individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term qualia derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkʷaːlɪs]) meaning “of what sort” or “of what kind” in a specific instance like “what it is like to taste a specific apple, this particular apple now”.
Examples of qualia include the perceived sensation of pain of a headache, the taste of wine, as well as the redness of an evening sky.
There are many definitions of qualia, which have changed over time. One of the simpler, broader definitions is: “The ‘what it is like’ character of mental states. The way it feels to have mental states such as pain, seeing red, smelling a rose, etc.”
There are recognizable qualitative characters of the given, which may be repeated in different experiences, and are thus a sort of universals; I call these “qualia.” But although such qualia are universals, in the sense of being recognized from one to another experience, they must be distinguished from the properties of objects. Confusion of these two is characteristic of many historical conceptions, as well as of current essence-theories. The quale is directly intuited, given, and is not the subject of any possible error because it is purely subjective.
Daniel Dennett identifies four properties that are commonly ascribed to qualia.[4] According to these, qualia are:
ineffable; that is, they cannot be communicated, or apprehended by any other means than direct experience.
intrinsic; that is, they are non-relational properties, which do not change depending on the experience’s relation to other things.
private; that is, all interpersonal comparisons of qualia are systematically impossible.
directly or immediately apprehensible in consciousness; that is, to experience a quale is to know one experiences a quale, and to know all there is to know about that quale.
If qualia of this sort exist, then a normally sighted person who sees red would be unable to describe the experience of this perception in such a way that a listener who has never experienced color will be able to know everything there is to know about that experience. Though it is possible to make an analogy, such as “red looks hot”, or to provide a description of the conditions under which the experience occurs, such as “it’s the color you see when light of 700-nm wavelength is directed at you”, supporters of this kind of qualia contend that such a description is incapable of providing a complete description of the experience.[citation needed]
Another way of defining qualia is as “raw feels”. A raw feel is a perception in and of itself, considered entirely in isolation from any effect it might have on behavior and behavioral disposition. In contrast, a cooked feel is that perception seen as existing in terms of its effects. For example, the perception of the taste of wine is an ineffable, raw feel, while the experience of warmth or bitterness caused by that taste of wine would be a cooked feel. Cooked feels are not qualia.[citation needed]
εἰδέναι
TO HAVE SEEN WITH THE MINDS EYE
εἰδέναι,
literally, ‘to have seen with the mind’s eye,’
signifies a clear and purely mental perception, in contrast both to conjecture and to knowledge derived from others.
σχῐ́ζω
SCIENCE - SCHIZOPHRENIA - SCISSORS
SECOND
Greek - σχῐ́ζω • (skhízō)
I split, cleave.
From Proto-Hellenic *skʰídyo
from Proto-Indo-European *skeyd-.
*skeyd- (perfective)
to split, to divide.
Latin - scio (uncountable, accusative scion)
knowledge.
*skey-
to split, to dissect.
From *sek- (“to cut”)
science (n.)
mid-14c., “what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;”
also “assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty,”
from Old French science “knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge” (12c.),
from Latin scientia “knowledge, a knowing; expertness,”
from sciens (genitive scientis) "intelligent, skilled," present participle of... Latin - scire "to know," probably originally "to separate one thing from another, to distinguish,"
related to
Latin - scindere “to cut, divide,”
from PIE root *skei- “to cut, split”
(source also of Greek skhizein “to split, rend, cleave,”
Greek - σχῐ́ζω • (skhízō)
I split, cleave.
Gothic skaidan,
Old English sceadan “to divide, separate”
From late 14c. in English as “book-learning,” also “a particular branch of knowledge or of learning;” also “skillfulness, cleverness; craftiness.” From c. 1400 as “experiential knowledge;” also “a skill, handicraft; a trade.” From late 14c. as “collective human knowledge” (especially that gained by systematic observation, experiment, and reasoning). Modern (restricted) sense of “body of regular or methodical observations or propositions concerning a particular subject or speculation” is attested from 1725; in 17c.-18c. this concept commonly was called philosophy. Sense of “non-arts studies” is attested from 1670s.
Latin - sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation I can, know, understand, have knowledge. Scisne ubi habitemus? Do you know where we live? I know carnally.
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SCISSORS
Latin - scindere
(transitive) To split up or divide
(chemistry) to cleave.
From Latin scindere, present active infinitive of scindō, from Proto-Italic *skindō, from Proto-Indo-European *skinédti (“to be cutting off”), derived from the root *skeyd- (“to split”).
scissō dative masculine singular of scissus dative neuter singular of scissus ablative masculine singular of scissus ablative neuter singular of scissus.
scissus m (feminine scissa, neuter scissum); first/second declension broken asunder; divided or separated by force.
ψῡ́χω
ψυχή
PSYCHE - LIFE BY BREATH
From ψῡ́χω (psū́khō, “I blow”) + -η (-ē), but never had the meaning “breath”, even in Homer.
ψῡχή • (psūkhḗ) f (genitive ψῡχῆς); first declension
life (the state of being alive)
(poetic) life-breath, life-blood (‘the state of being alive’ made corporeal)
soul (the immortal part of a person)
ghost (the spirit of a dead person)
the mind (seat or organ of thought), (the faculty of) reason.
spirit (animated attitude)
Coptic - ⲯⲩⲭⲏ (psukhē) m (plural ⲯⲩⲭⲟⲟⲩⲉ)
soul.
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Adjective
ψῡχῐκός • (psūkhikós) m (feminine ψῡχῐκή, neuter ψῡχῐκόν); first/second declension
of or relating to life or the soul
concerned only with the life or animal qualities, as opposed with spiritual concerns.
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psychē f (genitive psychēs); first declension
mind
spirit
Transliteration of Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul, breath”)
psyche (third-person singular simple present psyches, present participle psyching, simple past and past participle psyched)
(transitive) To put (someone) into a required psychological frame of mind.
(transitive) To intimidate (someone) emotionally using psychology.
(transitive, informal) To treat (someone) using psychoanalysis.
psyche (plural psyches)
The human soul, mind, or spirit.
(chiefly psychology) The human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual.
Shortened form of psychology, from French psychologie, from Latin psychologia, from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”)
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ψυχή • (psychí) f (plural ψυχές)
(religion, folklore, also figuratively) soul, spirit (essence of a person (or place or thing figuratively) usually thought to consist of one’s thoughts and personality)
(figuratively) courage, bravery, valour (quality of a confident character not to be afraid or intimidated easily)
(insects) butterfly
(music) sound post (of a string instrument, e.g. the violin)
ακαταλόγιστος (adjective)
NON-COMPOSE-MENTOS
ακαταλόγιστος adjective uncommon akatalógistos insane, non compos mentis ανισόρροπος adjective uncommon anisórropos unbalanced, loony, lunatic, of unsound mind βεβαιώσιμος adjective uncommon vevaió̱simos affirmable, predicable, comfirable, certifiable, verifiable θεοπάλαβος adjective uncommon theopálavos lunatic παράφρων adjective uncommon paráfron insane, demented, frantic, paranoiac ξέφρενος adjective uncommon xéfrenos frenetic, frenzied, wild μανιώδης adjective uncommon manió̱di̱s furious, frantic, inveterate, fierce, rabid ασταθής adjective uncommon astathís unstable, erratic, unsteady, choppy, inconstant παλαβός adjective uncommon palavós daredevil, crazy, nutty, flighty, mad τρελός adjective uncommon trelós crazy, mad, distraught, daft, demented
putō
putaverunt
THOUGHT
putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation
I clean, cleanse
I trim, prune, lop
(figuratively) I arrange, settle
(figuratively) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider
c. 185 BCE – 159 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77:
Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
I am a human, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus 12.4:
Hoc salsum esse putas?
Do you think that’s funny?
(figuratively) I judge, suspect, suppose
(figuratively) I ponder, consider, think about
Synonym: cōgitō
cōgitō
I THINK
From con- + agitō.
con-
Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects.
agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation.
I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb.
(of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon.
(of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend.
I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate.
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cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation
I think
63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of.
I consider, ponder
ponderō
PONDER
ponderō (present infinitive ponderāre, perfect active ponderāvī, supine ponderātum); first conjugation
I weigh
I ponder, reflect on, weigh up.
ponderare
(transitive) to ponder, think over.
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Ponder
ponder (third-person singular simple present ponders, present participle pondering, simple past and past participle pondered)
to wonder, think of deeply
to consider (something) carefully and thoroughly; to chew over, mull over
I have spent days pondering the meaning of life.
Bible, Proverbs iv. 26
Ponder the path of thy feet.
(obsolete) to weigh.
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Weigh
weigh (third-person singular simple present weighs, present participle weighing, simple past and past participle weighed)
(transitive) To determine the weight of an object.
(transitive) Often with “out”, to measure a certain amount of something by its weight, e.g. for sale.
He weighed out two kilos of oranges for a client.
(transitive, figuratively) To determine the intrinsic value or merit of an object, to evaluate.
You have been weighed in the balance and found wanting.
(intransitive, figuratively, obsolete) To judge; to estimate.
Spenser
could not weigh of worthiness aright
(transitive) To consider a subject. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
(transitive) To have a certain weight.
I weigh ten and a half stone.
(intransitive) To have weight; to be heavy; to press down.
Cowper
They only weigh the heavier.
Shakespeare
Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff / Which weighs upon the heart.
(intransitive) To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance.
Shakespeare
Your vows to her and me […] will even weigh.
John Locke
This objection ought to weigh with those whose reading is designed for much talk and little knowledge.
(transitive, nautical) To raise an anchor free of the seabed.
(intransitive, nautical) To weigh anchor.
1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 91:
Towards the evening we wayed, and approaching the shoare […], we landed where there lay a many of baskets and much bloud, but saw not a Salvage.
1841, Edgar Allan Poe, ‘A Descent into the Maelström’:
‘Here we used to remain until nearly time for slack-water again, when we weighed and made for home.’
To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up.
Cowper
Weigh the vessel up.
(obsolete) To consider as worthy of notice; to regard.
Shakespeare
I weigh not you.
Spenser
all that she so dear did weigh.
From Old English wegan,
from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, carry, weigh”),
from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti, from *weǵʰ- (“to bring, transport”).
Cognate with Scots wey or weich,
Dutch wegen,
German wiegen, wägen,
Danish veje,
Norwegian Bokmål veie,
Norwegian Nynorsk vega.
Doublet of wedge, wagon, way, vector.
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From Proto-Germanic - *weganą
to move, to carry
to weigh.
From Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti,
*wéǵʰeti (imperfective)
to be transporting.
from *weǵʰ-.
*weǵʰ- (imperfective)
to bring
to transport.
*woǵʰ-lo-s
Ancient Greek: ὄχλος (ókhlos)
*weǵʰ-no-s
Celtic: *wegnos (see there for further descendants)
*woǵʰ-no-s
Germanic: *wagnaz (see there for further descendants)
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ϝέχω • (wékhō) (Arcadocypriot)
to bear, carry, bring
From Proto-Hellenic *wékʰō,
from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰeti (“to be transporting”),
from the root *weǵʰ-.
Cognate with Latin vehō,
Sanskrit वहति (váhati),
Old English wegan (whence English weigh).
The Koine form would have been ἔχω (ékhō).
Related terms
ὄχος
ὄχος • (ókhos) m (genitive ὄχου); second declension
anything which holds, bears
carriage, cart, chariot
the wheels of a chariot.
Also see ὀχέω (okhéō, “to carry”) and
Arcadocypriot Greek ϝέχω (wékhō, “to carry, bear”).
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SANSKRIT
वहति • (váhati) (root वह्, class 1, type P)
to carry, transport, convey (with instr. of vehicle)
to lead, conduct (especially offerings to the gods, said of Agni)
to bear along (water, said of rivers)
to draw (a car), guide (horses etc.)
to lead towards, to bring, procure, bestow
to cause, effect
to offer (a sacrifice)
to bear, suffer, endure
to forbear, forgive, pardon
to undergo (with agnim, viṣam, tulām, ‘the ordeal of fire, poison, and the balance’)
to experience, feel
to bear or carry on or with
to take or carry with or about one’s self, have, possess
ratio
NOTION
Ratio decidendi (Latin plural rationes decidendi) is a Latin phrase meaning “the reason” or “the rationale for the decision”. … In other words, ratio decidendi is a legal rule derived from, and consistent with, those parts of legal reasoning within a judgment on which the outcome of the case depends.
Reckoning, account, reason, judgement, consideration, system, manner, method.
ευδιάκριτος
DISCERNIBLE
διακριτός • (diakritós) m (feminine διακριτή, neuter διακριτό)
discernible
discrete, distinct
(mathematics) discrete.
ευδιάκριτος • (evdiákritos) m (feminine ευδιάκριτη, neuter ευδιάκριτο)
distinguishable, discernible, distinct.
Antonyms
δυσδιάκριτος (dysdiákritos)
Related terms
διακριτός (diakritós, “discrete”)
ξέρω
TO KNOW A FACT
ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses
(most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language)
Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor.
Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don’t know his other friends.
Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German?
(transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be
Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person.
ταυτότητα
IDENTITY
(It-ness) - (That-ness) - (Same-ness)
IDEOS-ITY
ίδιο - same
ίδιος • (ídios) m (feminine ίδια, neuter ίδιο)
(for emphasis): ones own. Την είδα με τα ίδια μου τα μάτια. ― I saw her with my own eyes. (number, size, etc): identical Έχουν ίδια μέγεθος. ― They are the same size. (similarity): same, similar Έχουν τα ίδια χρώματα. ― They are the same colours.
ταυτότητα • (taftótita) f
identity
(colloquial) ID, identity card
(mathematics) identity.
The general sense is from Ancient Greek ταὐτότης
equivalent to ταὐτός (“he, that”) + -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”).
The mathematics sense is a Calque of French identité.
idem (adv.)
“the same (as above),” used to avoid repetition in writing, Latin, literally “the same,” from id “it, that one,” from PIE pronominal stem *i- (see yon) + demonstrative suffix -dem.
identity (n.)
c. 1600, “sameness, oneness, state of being the same,” from Middle French identité (14c.), from Medieval Latin identitatem (nominative identitas) “sameness,” ultimately from Latin idem (neuter) “the same” (see idem). [For discussion of Latin formation, see entry in OED.] Earlier form of the word in English was idemptitie (1560s), from Medieval Latin idemptitas. Term identity crisis first recorded 1954. Identity theft attested from 1995. Identity politics is attested by 1987.
δικαίου της ταυτότητας
LAW OF IDENTITY
δίκαιο • (díkaio) n (plural δίκαια)
(law) law
διεθνές δίκαιο (international law)
φυσικό δίκαιο (natural law)
δίκη • (díki) f (plural δίκες)
(law) trial.
δίκαια (díkaia, “fairly, justly”)
δίκαιο n (díkaio, “law”)
δίκαιος (díkaios, “right, just”, adj)
δίκιο n (díkio, “that which is right, just”)
δικαίωμα n (dikaíoma, “right, power”)
δικαίως (dikaíos, “fairly, justly”)
δικαιοσύνη f (dikaiosýni, “judicial system”)
δικαιούμαι (dikaioúmai, “be entitled to”)
δικαιώνω (dikaióno, “to justify”)
δικαιώνομαι (dikaiónomai, “to be vindicated”)
δικανικός (dikanikós, “forensic”, adj)
δικαστήριο n (dikastírio, “court”)
δικαστίνα f (dikastína, “lawyer”, colloquial)
δικαστικός m, f (dikastikós, “magistrate”)
δικηγορικός (dikigorikós, “lawyer’s”)
δικηγόρος m, f (dikigóros, “lawyer”)
ανακοινώνω
ANNOUNCE
from ανα- + Ancient Greek κοινόω (to communicate)
κοινόω • (koinóō)
I make common, make unholy
I share.
From κοινός (“common”) + -όω (verb suffix).
ανα-
(re-) used before both nouns and verbs to indicate repetition.
indicating above or upward.
-όω • (-óō)
Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning:
to make someone do or be something.
κοινός • (koinós) m (feminine κοινή, neuter κοινόν); first/second declension common public, general. From Proto-Hellenic *koňňós from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-yós from *ḱóm (“with”) + *-yós (“adjectival suffix”) the ancestor of the suffix -ιος (-ios). Cognates include Latin cum, Gaulish com-, and Old English ge-
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announce, declare (make people aware of something)
Τις νέες διοικήσεις σε νοσοκομεία ανακοίνωσε το υπουργείο Υγείας.
New administrations in hospitals announced by Ministry of Health.
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nuncio (plural nuncios)
Ecclesiastic title of a permanent diplomatic representative of the Roman Catholic Church to a sovereign state or international organisation, accorded rank equivalent to an accredited ambassador, and may also be given additional privileges including recognition as Dean in a country’s diplomatic corps.
One who bears a message; a messenger.
nūntius m (genitive nūntiī); second declension
a messenger, reporter, courier
an envoy, message, report
a command, order, injunction
(in the plural) news, tidings, information.
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From Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod”)
Latin *nuō
Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to beckon, nod”)
and Old Irish noid (“make known”)
though this is rejected by De Vaan.
*new-
to nod, assent to.
Ancient Greek: νεύω (neúō)
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Ancient Greek: νεύω (neúō)
Original Word: νεύω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: neuó Phonetic Spelling: (nyoo'-o) Definition: to nod or beckon (as a sign) Usage: I nod, make a sign, beckon.
to nod or beckon (as a sign)
to give a nod; to signify by a nod (A. V. to beckon): τίνι, followed by an infinitive of what one wishes to be done.
Apparently a primary verb; to “nod”, i.e. (by analogy), signal – beckon.
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ανακοινωθέν • (anakoinothén) n (plural ανακοινωθέντα)
bulletin
communique.
ανακοίνωση f (anakoínosi, “announcement”)
ανακοινώνω (anakoinóno, “to announce”)
ανακοινώσιμος (anakoinósimos, “communicable, suitable to be announced”, adjective)
cōnsīderō_
EXAMINE - INVESTIGATE - INSPECT
Con+Sidūs
SIDEREAL (astral time)
cōnsīderō (present infinitive cōnsīderāre, perfect active cōnsīderāvī, supine cōnsīderātum); first conjugation
I examine, look at or inspect
I consider
I investigate
From con- + sīder-, a radical perhaps related to sīdus (“star; constellation”) (compare dēsīderō), but the connection is unclear.
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sīdus n (genitive sīderis); third declension
constellation, asterism a star Synonyms: astēr, astrum, stēlla (poetic) the night sky (figuratively) a season (of the year)
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Participle
cōnsīderāns m, f, n (genitive cōnsīderantis); third declension
examining, inspecting
investigating.
considerare
to consider, to examine, to weigh, to contemplate
to consider, to keep in mind, to bear in mind, to take into consideration the fact that
to consider, to look upon, to think of somebody as, to hold + adjective
to provide for
to take into account
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dēsīderō (present infinitive dēsīderāre, perfect active dēsīderāvī, supine dēsīderātum); first conjugation
I want, desire, wish for.
I miss, lack, need.
I lose.
From de- + sīder-, a radical perhaps related to sīdus (“star; constellation”), but the connection is unclear (compare cōnsīderō).
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FRENCH
considérer
to consider
From Middle French consyderer, from Old French considerer, from Latin cōnsīderāre, present active infinitive of cōnsīderō (“I examine, look at, inspect; I consider; I investigate”).
ενήμερος
AWARE OF - KNOW ABOUT - COGNIZANT
He knew about the car accident.
He was aware of the results of the election.
She knew that would cause a problem.
They were cognizant of the potential side effects.
βαθύς
DEEP - PROFOUND - TRANSCENDENT
βᾰθῠ́ς • (bathús) m (feminine βᾰθεῖᾰ, neuter βᾰθῠ́); first/third declension ADJECTIVE being a large vertical distance from: high, deep thick generally: strong, intense, full profound (of colour) deep (time) twilight
Unrelated to βυσσός (bussós) and βυθός (buthós).
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βῠθός • (buthós) m (genitive βῠθοῦ); second declension
depth
depth of the sea, deep water
Possibly a metathesis from
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb-
with cognates including
Old Church Slavonic дъно (dŭno),
Old English dēop (English deep) and
Albanian det
from Proto-Albanian *deubeta
Unrelated to βᾰθῠ́ς (bathús) and βένθος (bénthos).
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English - depth
the vertical distance below a surface; the degree to which something is deep
Old English - dīepþ f
deepness; depth
abyss
From Proto-Germanic *diupiþō (“deepness, depth”), equivalent to dēop + -þ.
dēop = deep
-þ f
( -ity / -ness / -th )
Forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels
fȳlþ “filth, foulness”, from fūl “foul, polluted”
iermþ (“poverty”), from earm (“poor”)
þīefþ “theft”, from þēof “thief”
*dʰewbʰ-
deep
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abyss (plural abysses)
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
(frequently figuratively) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
Anything infinite, immeasurable, or profound. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth.
An impending catastrophic happening.
(heraldry) The center of an escutcheon.
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chaos (usually uncountable, plural chaoses)
(obsolete) A vast chasm or abyss.
The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony
Any state of disorder, any confused or amorphous mixture or conglomeration.
(obsolete, rare) A given medium; a space in which something exists or lives; an environment.
(mathematics) Behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.
(fantasy) One of the two metaphysical forces of the world in some fantasy settings, as opposed to law.
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χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension
the primordial state of existence
space, air
abyss, chasm
infinite darkness.
Has traditionally been connected to…
χαίνω • (khaínō) - late present of χάσκω.
χάσκω (“I gape, yawn”)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂
χώρα (“open space, place”)
Baltic and Germanic words for “palate”:
Old High German guomo, goumo,
Old Norse gómr, Lithuanian gomurỹs
PIE *ǵʰeh₂-mn-.
Etymology 2
χᾰ́ος • (kháos) m, f (neuter χᾰ́ον); second declension
ADJECTIVE
Alternative spelling of χάϊος “genuine, true”
χᾰ́σκω • (kháskō)
to yawn, yawning, gape, open wide
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰan- / *gʰan- (“to yawn, to gape”)
with inchoative suffix -σκω
Related to... χώρᾱ • (khṓrā) f (genitive χώρᾱς); first declension location, place, spot (see Latin locus) the proper place one's place in life piece of land: tract, land, field country (opposite town), countryside country, nation
COPTIC ⲭⲱⲣⲁ (khōra) f region, territory country \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁y- (“to yawn, gape”)
from Old English ġinian (“to yawn, gape”)
from Proto-Germanic *gainōną (“to yawn, gape”)
German gähnen (“to yawn, gape”)
From Latin - hiō (present infinitive hiāre, perfect active hiāvī); first conjugation, no passive
I yawn, gape.
I stand open.
(of speech) I pause, connect badly.
(figuratively) I am amazed, gape in wonder.
I bawl out, utter, sing.
όχι
έξοχος
υπερέχων (hypo-epi-oxi-on)
υπερέξοχος (hypo-epi-oxi-os)
OUT OF NOTHING - FROM NOTHING
Greek - όχι
no, not, none, nothing.
έξοχος
Out from nothing?
Splendid, Wondrous, Brilliant , Tremendous, Outstanding, Magnificent, Excellent.
Latin - nihil, null
No, not, none, nothing.
δεν
Not
μη
non-
τίποτα
It’s nothing, “don’t worry, it’s no big deal.”
not anything; no single thing.
No big deal. No worries.
κενώ, κενός
blank, void, vacant, devoid, inane, vacuous.
άκυρος
invalid, void, null and void, null, nugatory, vitiated.
ακυρώνω
cancel, void, annul, scrub, nullify, abrogate.
αδειανός
empty, void, unoccupied, vacant.
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From υπερ- (hyper-)
hyper-
word-forming element meaning “over, above, beyond,” and often implying “exceedingly, to excess,”
from Greek hyper (prep. and adv.) “over, beyond, overmuch, above measure,”
from PIE root *uper “over.”
*uper Proto-Indo-European root meaning "over." In excess. Beyond measure. It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit upari, Avestan upairi "over, above, beyond;" Greek hyper, Latin super "above, over;" Old English ofer "over," German über, Gothic ufaro "over, across;" Gaulish ver-, Old Irish for.
from Latin super (“above”)
from Pre-Italic or Proto-Indo-European *eks-uper
from *eḱs (“out of”) (English ex-)
from *h₁eǵʰs + *uperi (English over).
*h₁eǵʰs
out.
ἐξ • (ex) (governs the genitive)
Alternative form of ἐκ (ek) (used before vowels)
ἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive)
(of place)
(of motion) Out of, from
from, with the source of
to denote change from one place or condition to another
to express separation of distinction from a number
(of position) outside, beyond
(of time)
from, since
(of particular points of time) just, after
during, in
(of origin)
(of materials) made out of something
(of descent, parentage) descended from
(of causation) done by someone, something
of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done
from, according to
turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb
(with numerals) in such an order.
ἐκτός • (ektós) ADVERB without, outside, out. (absolute) external, strange, vulgar. ἐκτός • (ektós) (governs the genitive) PREPOSITION out of, far from.
English - out
Away from the inside or the centre.
Away from home or one’s usual place.
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υπερέχω - outbalance
υπερέχω αριθμητικά - outnumber
υπερέχω εις βαθμό - outrank
υπερημερία - overdue payment
υπερευαίσθητος - over sensitive
υπερευαίσθητος - overstrung
υπερέξοχος - supereminent - transcendental
δοκεω δοξα δεχομαι δογμα δογματιζο ευδοκεω ευδοξια συνευδοκεω δοκησις, δοκευς
IMAGE FORMING
δοκεω δοξα δεχομαι
The verb δεχομαι (dechomai), meaning to receive, relates to the verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to imagine, and its important noun δοξα (doxa), usually translated with “glory” but rather meaning “imagination” or “image-formation.” The noun δοκος (dokos) means carrier beam; the beam that carries a building’s entire roof or floor, and which was famously found stuck in one helpful brother’s eye.
All these words stems from the huge Proto-Indo-European root dek-, meaning to take or accept, which also gave us words like decent (i.e. acceptable), decor, dignify, disciple, discipline, docent, docile, doctor, doctrine, dogma and orthodox. Negatively it spawned indignation and indoctrination, and approximatively it yielded paradox.
δοκεω
The amazing verb δοκεω (dokeo) describes the familiar mental exercise of invoking images in one’s mind that are relevant to observable reality but are themselves not part of it; to derive a unique and imaginary picture from the churning currents of one’s mind like a fish from water. The ability to imagine and to bring the imagined into the realm of reality makes mankind unique in the animal world. It’s the foundation of all analysis, all planning and all hope, and subsequently an important element of Biblical theology.
In the classics our verb δοκεω (dokeo) mostly means to think in the sense of to suppose, imagine, conceive of or figure; to get something into one’s head (MATTHEW 3:9, JOHN 16:3). It frequently relates to dreams or visions, in which imaginary beings encroach upon the defenseless dreamer (MARK 6:49, ACTS 12:9).
Our verb may describe the formation of an opinion about someone or something (hence the “fishers of men”; compare MATTHEW 4:19 to 1 CORINTHIANS 6:2-3 — hence perhaps also the enigmatic fish-men of the Sumerians called Apkallu). As such our verb came to denote to have a reputation (to be reputed). This describes most often, but not necessarily, a good reputation, and unless said otherwise, the general phrase “men of reputation” or “the reputed” describe famous men; men of an implied “good” reputation (MARK 10:42, GALATIANS 2:2-9; in 1 CORINTHIANS 12:22, Paul speaks of “famous” body parts). It also needs to be remembered that the Biblical cultures were based on a wisdom tradition in which even entertainment had to do with learning and solving problems (Judges 14:12, 1 Kings 10:1). In those days, “people of fame” were not movie stars and tennis players but rather people of exceptional intellectual prowess; people of truth and convention.
Our verb may simply mean to occur to, or to cross one’s mind, but with the implication of it being the one that got picked to act upon (LUKE 1:3, ACTS 15:28); not necessarily a “good” idea in an ethical sense but rather the one fished up from one’s mental ocean and incorporated into the machinery of one’s actions (MATTHEW 17:25). As such it may mean “to act according to one’s good humor” even when there might be little good about it (HEBREWS 12:10).
Our verb is often added to a statement to emphasize that a private opinion was offered: “it seems to me” or “I find” (ACTS 26:9, 1 CORINTHIANS 5:9) or negatively, “I don’t think so” (LUKE 17:9). Occasionally it expresses resolve, and occasionally it flat out means to pretend (LUKE 8:18, JAMES 1:26). More often our verb expresses an imposed similarity: something seems like something else (say, a nice Paul seeming like a mean Paul; 2 CORINTHIANS 10:9), or it describes something confused with something else; something misconstrued (JOHN 11:13, 13:29, 20:15), or perhaps something rightly construed (1 CORINTHIANS 11:16, 12:22).
In LUKE 19:11 our verb is used to describe how the words of one person may cause fish to come to the surface in the mind of another person — Jesus was close to Jerusalem, and yes, he told the parable in order to have the audience form an internal image of the immediate kingdom.
The verb δοκεω (dokeo) occurs 63 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it derive:
The noun δογμα (dogma), meaning a finding; something that seems right, or that has been accepted to be so by one person or group of people. It’s formed with the -ma suffix, which indicates the action of the verb (what “a walking” would be for the verb “to walk”). This noun is used 5 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, once to describe what the elders of Jerusalem had concluded through study and true concern (ACTS 16:4), and four times to describe “what people were told is so”; some finding of fault or royal inkling from the Caesar (and later, of course, the dogma’s of the formal church). This seemingly innocent askew usage illustrates the core essence of antichrist: in stead of pursuing the personal sovereignty and free opinion-forming of each person (that’s described by the word christos; 1 JOHN 2:20-27), the spirit of antichrist enslaves everybody and instructs them what should be accepted as truth. From this noun in turn comes:
The verb δογματιζο (dogmatizo), meaning to be subjected to dogma’s, to be commandeered around (COLOSSIANS 2:20 only).
The controversial noun δοξα (doxa); see our lengthy discussion below.
Together with the prefix ευ (eu), meaning good: the verb ευδοκεω (eudokeo), meaning to find good; to think good of, to be pleased or content with (or to be pleasing), to consent, to agree to, to be willing. This verb is used to describe God’s famous declaration of being well-pleased with Jesus (MATTHEW 3:17, 17:5). This verb is used 21 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it come:
The noun ευδοξια (eudoxia), meaning a finding good (a thinking good of) or good reputation (a being thought good of). This word occurs 9 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, most famously in the angelic wish of “good-will” toward men (LUKE 2:14).
Together with the preposition συν (sun), meaning together or with: the verb συνευδοκεω (suneudokeo), meaning to jointly find-good. This verb is used 6 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
δοξα
The noun δοξα (doxa) obviously relates to our verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to imagine or image-form, but it’s unclear how. A more regular nominal derivation would be δογμα (dogma), meaning “an imagining” or rather “an accepted opinion” (see above), or even the unused but common noun δοκησις (dokesis), and its rarer variant δοκευς, meaning opinion, fancy, or even apparition or something’s appearance (as potentially opposed to something’s reality).
Although classical writers used our nouns δοξα (doxa) and δογμα (dogma) sometimes as synonyms, the need for and origin of this baffling form δοξα (doxa) is obscure. Some creative scholars even suggest that it might have been formed after a pre- (or extra-) Greek word and rather grafted upon our root in stead that it formed from it naturally. If that is so, it must express a very persistent concept; something which name was so all-telling that it resisted the natural evolution of language and migrated in tact from an old into a new one.
The earliest Bible translators, who were tasked with interpreting the vastly complex Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, used δοξα (doxa) to represent the word כבוד (kabud), which described a quality of YHWH as His Shekinah filled the tabernacle first and later the temple (Exodus 24:17, 1 Kings 8:11). Later Latin translators swapped the Greek doxa for the Latin gloria, which is a word of equal mysterious origin and thus obscure meaning. Modern scholars believe that gloria has to do with a root that means “to hear” (cognate with κλεος, kleos, fame, renown) and gloria would mean “renown” or “fame.” This suggests that the Latin translators followed the vein of the verb δοκεω (dokeo) that deals with reputation, and particularly an assumed good reputation.
But that would mean that the term “glory of the Lord” described what fans collectively thought of God, and that the religious convictions of the fans filled the temple rather than something intrinsic to God.
The Greek language had specifically reserved words that expressed enthusiasm or breathless adulation, and Hebrew did too, and neither δοξα (doxa) nor כבוד (kabud) were among them. What pre-Christian theologians still remembered is that the Living God is not like pagan deities and has no need for endless praise and homage, but rather wants compassion, composure, responsible behavior and an unflinching reverence for truthfulness (Micah 6:8, Hosea 6:6, GALATIANS 6:7, JOHN 4:24).
Who is this king of glory?
Most of our popular Christian imagery and theology stem from the Roman ideal of God being the emperor: very glorious and very distant. After Julius Caesar had been deified and his adopted son Octavian became the first Emperor Augustus (meaning Glorious One), the latter became known as son of god, the first born and savior or the world, the king of kings and lord of lords. These familiar phrases all stem from Roman Imperial Theology, and were utilized by Paul to demonstrate that in natural reality they did not apply to some distant emperor but rather to Jesus of Nazareth. The Constantinian church had little to do with Jesus of Nazareth and more with the Caesar of Rome (read our article on the name Mary), and it was subsequently in the obvious interest of the medieval church that their flocks didn’t read the Bible so as to be tempted to reflect upon the lunacy of the formal ecclesiastical model.
Entirely due to the zeal of early Christian gurus, who confused the Creator with what they understood about the Caesar, the words gloria and doxa were vacated of their original meaning and began to assume their spectacular modern wow!-meanings, which is the same as saying that the daunting term “deoxyribonucleic acid” means “yodelayheeho”. Fortunately we’re not in the middle ages anymore.
The Creator is of course not in some distant heaven but present at every spatial point of the universe the way a third dimension is separate from but present at every point of a two dimensional plane. His attributes and character can be clearly observed by looking at nature (ROMANS 1:20), by anyone with eyes in their head, and without diffidence or timidity (Isaiah 1:18, 40:11). The formal Word of God underlies every element and process in the universe (JOHN 1:3, COLOSSIANS 1:16-17). And since we are natural creatures, made from the natural dust of the earth (Genesis 2:7), the Word upon which the universe runs is also not in some distant heaven but in our own bodies, hearts and minds (Deuteronomy 30:14, Jeremiah 31:33, MATTHEW 28:20, LUKE 17:21, JOHN 14:20, 2 CORINTHIANS 3:3).
Time is not the stage upon which the universe evolves, but a function of the universe. In other words: the universe didn’t begin in a point in time, but time began at a point in the universe (namely at the point at which particles were stable and could bind to others and thus retain data). This means that the “cause” of the universe happens not in some distant past, but outside of time and is as much related to the distant past as to the distant future and the very now. The cause of time caused all of time, and the direction of the cause of time stands perpendicular upon the axis of time. The unity of the singularity was never compromised, and God not merely pushes forth the singular universe at one end, He also pulls forth the singular universe from the other end (this is what Chaos Theory calls an attractor). The nature of God includes the condition of sub-zero entropy prior to the Big Bang, and the condition of transfinite entropy at the end of all evolution. God is both more primitive than primal energy, and He is more advanced than the whole interlinked bustle of humankind throughout the ages and those to come.
Imagine all the people
The word כבוד (kabud), which the Septuagint replaces with our word δοξα (doxa), means impression. It comes from a verb that describes what a heavy boulder would do to soft earth, and appears to express much the same action as our Greek verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to image-form. It’s what happens when lots of pixels work together to create a picture, or when lots of starlings create a flying jelly-fish, or when lots of saints form the image of the eternal Creator (relate HEBREWS 1:2-3 to GALATIANS 3:26, JOHN 14:20 and HEBREWS 12:1; also see our article on the adjective αγιος, hagios, meaning “holy” or rather “causing to converge”).
The challenge with our noun δοξα (doxa) is that it is a very common word in Greek philosophical literature but clearly not constructed via common grammatical rules of derivation. It’s possibly of foreign origin but obviously related to our verb δοκεω (dokeo) and noun δογμα (dogma). In other words, the noun δοξα (doxa) relates to δογμα (dogma) the way the French word imagination relates to our English word “imagination.” Both obviously relate to the verb to imagine, but if we would sprinkle our speech with the occasional French imagination we deliberately indicate that while we indeed simply mean “making a mental image” we also mix in something exotic that relates to spicy cheeses and red wine.
Here at Abarim Publications we suspect that our word δοξα (doxa) celebrates mankind’s amazing powers of willful reflection and ability to deliberately generate reality out of initially imagined things — not merely to image fairies, monsters and what danger might lurk around the next corner but to imagine entire new worlds and set course for them: a mankind without countries to declare superior (ROMANS 2:11), without religions to fight over (REVELATION 21:22), but living as one in a world without greed and hunger. To most of us, this is not hard to do, and many of us have made the small changes in our lives that will one day add up to mankind’s most significant collective course correction: away from the slavery of modern capitalism and onto the New Jerusalem (GALATIANS 4:26, REVELATION 21:2).
There’s nothing unreal about imagination. Imagination is to human reality what complex numbers are to geometry and what path integral formulation is to quantum mechanics. Imagination is the very principle by which the entire universe is called into being. Or in other words: our reality exists in God’s imagination, and God’s reality exists in ours (JOHN 17:1). God is love (1 JOHN 4:8) and since He made us in His own image (Genesis 1:26), we love because He loves us first (1 JOHN 4:19). In that same way, our amazing ability to imagine stems from God imagining us first.
It’s been often cheered that “love is all you need” but when Israel left the house of bondage that Egypt was, the Lord placed an angel ahead of their column that would lead them to their Promised Land (Exodus 23:20-22). Read our article on the noun αγγελος (aggelos) for a closer look at the relationship between imagination and angels.
This awesome noun δοξα (doxa), meaning “something made real via imagination” is used 168 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it in turn derive:
The verb δοξαζω (doxazo), meaning “to imaginate”; to realize by imagination rather than by observable or established data. In science, this verb describes the transition between inkling and hypothesis (whereas physical experimentation governs the transition between hypothesis and theory). It’s a very important activity, and this verb is used 62 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. From it in turn comes:
Together with the preposition συν (sun), meaning together or with: the verb συνδοξαζω (sundoxazo), meaning to jointly imaginate (ROMANS 8:17 only)
Together with the preposition εν (en), meaning in: the adjective ενδοξος (endoxos), meaning vested with imagination; enthusiastically imagined by an imaginer. This verb occurs 4 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it comes:
The verb ενδοξαζω (endoxazo), meaning to vest with imagination, to vest one’s imagination into (2 THESSALONIANS 1:10 and 1:12 only).
Together with the adjective κενος (kenos), meaning empty or void: the adjective κενοδοξος (kenodoxos), meaning of empty imagination, of an inert fantasy (GALATIANS 5:26 only). From this adjective comes:
The noun κενοδοξια (kenodoxia), meaning inert fantasy, an imagined thing that is so far removed from what is possible that it will not enter into reality. A waste of one’s precious imaginary powers (PHILIPPIANS 2:3 only).
Together with the preposition παρα (para), meaning near or nearby: the adjective παραδοξος (paradoxos), which describes an idea or notion that is not in line with what can be expected from one’s normally functioning imagination; something inconceivable or unimaginable. This is one of the few words of this group that made it into our modern language with most of its original meaning in tact. In the New Testament it occurs in LUKE 5:26 only.
δοκος
The noun δοκος (dokos) describes the main carrier beam of either the roof or floor of a building. This word obviously comes from the idea that this item “accepts” the roof or floor, but the clear kinship with the verb δοκεω (dokeo), meaning to imagine or to mentally accept, allows for striking wordplay, or rather: commentary on the workings on man’s mind.
Throughout the Bible, dry land (γη, et) is a dominant and obvious metaphor for certainty (mental footing: knowledge, skills, wisdom), whereas the sea represents uncertainty but potential, rivers represent culture and economy and rain represents instruction (the noun מורה, moreh means both rain and teacher and is closely related to the familiar word Torah). The Bible also casually mentions “waters under the earth” (Exodus 20:4, Deuteronomy 4:18, 5:8), which was in modern times gleefully dismissed as primitive mythology until Pierre Janet came up with the concept of the subconscious (and Freud made it hip not long after).
The word for “speck of dust” that sat famously lodged in the eye of one’s brother comes from a verb that means to be dry. But besides being some literal flake, this item also represented a tiny little bit of information that had recently struck this man (and which also probably made his eyes water: see Ecclesiastes 1:18). The one who offered to remove this tiny speck had himself a δοκος (dokos) in his eye, which in English makes for a rather comical image but which in Greek speaks of the foundation of an entire system of belief.
Any belief, methodology or religion will always get in the way of one’s clear vision, and when one wants to enter the temple of the Living God and behold unimaginable things, he’d better leave his preconceived beliefs at the door. Nobody needs help in this regard, anyway. All human eyes are by nature wholly capable of flushing any little speck out and away.
Our noun is used 6 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, all in the context of the helpful brother.
δεχομαι
The verb δεχομαι (dechomai) means to accept something offered or suggested (MATTHEW 11:14, MARK 10:15, LUKE 8:13), to receive something or someone sent (MATTHEW 10:14), or to engage with something (LUKE 16:6). This verb is closely related to the verb δοκεω (dokeo; see above), meaning to figure, find or imagine (hence the noun δοξα, doxa, traditionally interpreted as “glory” but probably more accurately: imagination or image-formation) and both stem from the widely attested Proto-Indo-European root dek-, meaning to take or accept.
Our verb δεχομαι (dechomai) is used a mere 58 times in the New Testament, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, but is also used in the following array of derivations:
Together with the preposition ανα (ana), meaning on or upon: the verb αναδεχομαι (anadechomai), meaning to accept again and again or to receive while demonstrating a broad spectrum of hospitality (ACTS 28:7 and HEBREWS 11:17 only).
Together with the preposition απο (apo), meaning from: the verb αποδεχομαι (apodechomai), meaning to receive or accept out of — out of a general group or certain situation or location. This verb is used 6 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it in turn derive:
The adjective αποδεκτος (apodektos), which describes a condition pertaining to the parent verb. It means both receptive (hospitable) or acceptable (1 TIMOTHY 2:3 and 5:4 only).
The noun αποδοχη (apodoche), meaning reception or acceptation (1 TIMOTHY 1:15 and 4:9 only).
The adjective δεκος (dekos), meaning of acceptance; pertaining to the act of accepting or receiving: either open-minded or received/acceptable. It’s used 5 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
Together with the prefix δια (dia), meaning through or throughout: the verb διαδεχομαι (diadechomai), meaning to receive via succession; to have something passed on to you (ACTS 7:45 only). From this verb comes:
The noun διαδοχος (diadokos), meaning a succession (ACTS 24:27 only).
The noun δοκιμη (dokime), meaning that which is accepted. It’s similar to the original meaning of δογμα (dogma) from the verb δοκεω (dokeo), and implies the result of an intelligent assessment made autonomously by well-informed people. It occurs 7 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it derives:
Together with the particle of negation α (a): the adjective αδοκιμος (adokimos), meaning unaccepted, and thus by implication rejected or deemed either worthless or inapplicable. This doesn’t mean that the thing considered is actually worthless, but only that it’s been reckoned as such. This adjective is used 8 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
The verb δοκιμαζω (dokimazo), meaning to assess; to establish that something should be accepted through careful examination and consideration. This verb is common in the classics, and describes the procedure that establishes the merits or suitability of someone for some office (1 TIMOTHY 3:10), function and on rare occasions a fitting punishment. This verb only describes the process and not the outcome (LUKE 12:56, 14:19, ROMANS 2:18, 1 CORINTHIANS 3:13, 1 THESSALONIANS 5:21, 1 JOHN 4:1), but if the thing previously assessed is still there, a positive outcome is obviously implied (1 CORINTHIANS 16:3, 2 CORINTHIANS 8:22, ROMANS 14:22) and when not, a negative one (HEBREWS 3:9). Sometimes our verb describes a virtuous examining (ROMANS 1:28, see 1:20), and sometimes a tedious indecisiveness (HEBREWS 3:9). In the New Testament our verb used 23 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it comes:
Again together with the preposition απο (apo), meaning from: the verb αποδοκιμαζω (apodokimazo), meaning to establish that something is to be removed from consideration or further examination; to reject. This again doesn’t mean that the thing examined is worthless in an absolute sense, but rather found of no practical application in the foreseeable future. This verb is used 9 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, most strikingly to describe the attitude of builders toward a certain stone (MATTHEW 21:42).
The noun δοκιμη (dokime), meaning proof, or a usefulness demonstrated by an item’s continued existence and use. In the first century, mathematics was not yet the language of science and most reasoning was conducted through speech. That meant that proof and trustworthiness went hand in hand with reputation, and that one’s reputation was established not only from the scrutiny of many investigators but also from the practical use of many hands. If a certain saying or technological process kept meeting expectations, its longevity served as obvious proof of its usefulness. Then as much as now, if the item under scrutiny was complicated and much was at stake, the status of “proven” would only follow a long period of rigorous testing (2 CORINTHIANS 8:2). But when proof was obtained, a world of further possibilities would open up (ROMANS 5:4). This noun occurs 7 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
The noun δοκιμιον (dokimion), which describes the means by which something is tested or the process of this testing (JAMES 1:3 and 1 PETER 1:7 only).
The noun δοχη (doche), meaning a reception: an occasion specifically organized to receive people (LUKE 5:29 and 14:13 only).
Together with the preposition εις (eis) meaning in, to or toward: the verb εισδεχομαι (eisdechomai), meaning to receive into. It’s used only once, in 2 CORINTHIANS 6:17, where it contrasts a coming out of the general population and into God’s community.
Together with the preposition εκ (ek), meaning out: the verb εκδεχομαι (ekdechomai), meaning to take or receive out of the hands or considerations of someone, or to derive from certain events; to grow cautious or to await for certain events to unfold, to wait out or to anticipate (which is nearly the literal Latin equivalent of our verb). This verb is used 7 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it derive:
Once more together with the preposition απο (apo), meaning from: the verb αποδεχομαι (apodechomai), meaning to anticipate from; to await something to come out of or from something that is unfolding. This verb is used 8 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
The noun εκδοχη (ekdoche), meaning an anticipation (HEBREWS 10:27 only).
Together with the preposition εν (en), meaning in, on, at or by: the verb ενδεχομαι (endechomai), meaning to take upon oneself; to accept, admit or allow. In absolute sense it often means to be possible, and that’s the sense of this verb’s only occurrence in the New Testament: in LUKE 13:33. From it derives:
Again together with the particle of negation α (a): the adjective ανενδεκτος (anendektos), meaning impossible. It’s used in LUKE 17:1 only.
Together with the preposition επι (epi), meaning on or upon: the verb επιδεχομαι (epidechomai), meaning to receive besides or in addition. This verb is used in 3 JOHN 1:9 and 1:10 only, where the author appears to insinuate that Diotrephes didn’t accept John’s words among many other things and people (1:5).
Together with the preposition παρα (para), meaning near or nearby: the verb παραδεχομαι (paradechomai), literally meaning to nearly receive but in practice used to mean to receive or accept via something else; to be passed on something from an original giver via a relay. In the classics this verb commonly describes children receiving by inheritance, students learning from a master, news propagating via rumor or tradition. It also frequently means to admit (as a member into a group, city, organization), with the implication of being introduced and proposed first. This verb is used 5 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
Together with the prefix προς (pros), which describes a motion toward: the verb προσδεχομαι (prosdechomai), meaning to accept with foresight; to eagerly anticipate a future receiving (and to behave accordingly), or to receive with a specific objective or effect. It’s what investors do when they are sure that a stock will rise: they borrow a lot of money and buy the stock on credit. When the payout comes, they pay back the loan plus interest, and walk away with the fruits of their foresight. People who clearly see the Kingdom of God in times ahead can invest in it today by making wise alterations to their behavior and relationships.
Our verb describes stance or behavior that is related to a future event or condition. In the New Testament it’s mostly linked to the Kingdom, which doesn’t simply show up out of nowhere (as medieval theology sometimes suggested) but rather as a result of all people freely adjusting their behaviors, and urging their children to do so too, so that in time humanity will arrive at the true north of all creation. In LUKE 15:2 the Pharisees didn’t complain that Jesus “received” sinners, but rather that his novel teaching and uppity lenience would bring sinners about. This important verb is used 14 times, SEE FULL CONCORDANCE, and from it comes:
Together with the prefix ευ (eu), meaning good: the adjective ευπροσδεχτος (euprosdechomai), meaning to joyfully anticipate a future receiving, or to joyfully receive with a specific objective or effect. This adjective occurs 5 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
Together with the preposition υπο (hupo) meaning under: the verb υποδεχομαι (hupodechomai), meaning to receive under; to take into one’s protection or care (this is what “angels” naturally do; read our article on the word αγγελος, aggelos). This verb is used 4 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE.
νοεῖν
TO BE THINKING
νέω (néō, “I spin”)
I swim
I spin (a yarn) threads of the mind.
νᾱ́ω • (nā́ō) I flow (over)
νᾶμᾰ • (nâma) n (genitive νᾱ́μᾰτος); third declension
Running water: fountain, stream, river, spring.
From νάω (náō, “flow”) + -μᾰ (-ma).
That which flows.
νοῶ • (noô)
Contracted form of νοέω (noéō)
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow, to swim”).
Ναϊάς From naiad (mythology): river god (aquatic larva): instar, larva, nymph (aquatic plant): water nymph.
Greek: νύμφη f (nýmfi, “bride, nymph, pupa”), νύφη f (nýfi, “bride”) νῠ́μφη • (númphē) f (genitive νῠ́μφης); first declension bride, young wife young girl daughter-in-law nymph spring, water bee or wasp in pupa stage male ant clitoris
nubile (plural nubiles)
A young sexually attractive woman.
Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable (principally of a young woman).
Sexually attractive (especially of a young woman).
νοέω
To think, to conceive, to perceive.
νοεῖν present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō) To be thinking. To be conceiving. To be intending. To be perceiving.
νόησις
An act of perceiving, or judging, or remembering.
The result of thinking being intelligence.
νόος
νοῦς
νόημα
That which is thought about. Object of thought.
present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō)
νοέω
to perceive by the eyes, observe, notice
νοεῖν - (present active infinitive)
Seeing - Thinking - Apprehending.
From νόος (noos), νοῦς (nous, “perception, understanding, mind”).
Verb
to perceive, observe, see, notice
to think, suppose
to think out, devise, contrive
in infinitive - to be minded to do a thing
to conceive of, to deem
of words - to bear a certain sense, to mean.
νοῦς
νόου - (Noun) mind perception, sense mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will an act of mind thought purpose, design the sense or meaning of a word.
In Attic philosophy - intelligence, intellect, reason
as named by Anaxagoras.
The principle which acts on elementary particles of matter.
From ancient Greek νόησις intelligence, understanding, idea, concept, (plural) processes of thought from νοεῖν to see, perceive, understand, intend + -σις.
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Usage
A distinction is typically made between simply seeing (εἴδω (eidō)) and seeing accompanied by mental perception (νοέω).
apprehend idem, page 36. bethink oneself idem, page 76. conceive idem, page 154. consider idem, page 163. contemplate idem, page 166. decide idem, page 200. denote idem, page 210. determine idem, page 219. discern idem, page 229. discover idem, page 231. grasp idem, page 370. heed idem, page 394. idea idem, page 413. imagine idem, page 417. imply idem, page 422. import idem, page 422. mark idem, page 514. mean idem, page 519. meditate idem, page 522. mind idem, page 530. minded idem, page 530. note idem, page 562. notice idem, page 562. notion idem, page 562. observe idem, page 567. perceive idem, page 607. picture idem, page 611. plan idem, page 617. ponder idem, page 626. propose idem, page 653. purpose idem, page 659. realise idem, page 675. reflect idem, page 684. resolve idem, page 702. see idem, page 748. signify idem, page 775. suppose idem, page 841. think idem, page 867. view idem, page 951.
φᾰντός
φᾰντᾰ́ζω
FANTASY
From φᾰντός (“visible”) + -ᾰ́ζω
verbal adjective of φαίνω (“I cause to appear, bring to light”).
φᾰντᾰ́ζω • (phantázō) VERB to show; to make visible (in the mediopassive) to place before one's mind, to picture to oneself, to imagine (passive) to become visible, appear to be heard to be terrified by visions or phantasms.
φαίνω • (phaínō) -
φανεῖν - φαίνεται- πέφανται - φαίνετο
VERB
(transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal.
(transitive) I make known, reveal, disclose.
(transitive) Ι show forth, expound.
(intransitive) I shine, give light.
I come into being, come about.
(copulative or control verb) I appear (to be)
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-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
άνεμος
αἰόλος
ANIMA - BREATHE - WIND
From Ancient Greek ἄνεμος
Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos
A nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”).
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Proto-Indo-European - *h₂enh₁mos
The ‘Breath’ that results from breathing.
*h₂enh₁-
To breathe.
*(ó)-mos m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
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Latin: Anhēlus
Latin - Hālō
Latin - Spiritus
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Celtic: *anaman (“soul”)
Proto-Celtic - *anaman n
Soul, Spirit
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English - Breath
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English - Soul
(religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one’s thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person’s death.
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Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle,
Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”)
Old English - sāƿol
sāƿol f (nominative plural sāƿla)
Alternative form of sāwol.
The rune ‘wynn’ - ᚹ
Wynn (Ƿ ƿ) (also spelled wen, ƿynn, or ƿen) is a letter of the Old English alphabet, where it is used to represent the sound /w/.
The denotation of the rune is “joy, bliss”
Proto-Germanic reconstruction of the rune’s name as *wunjô “joy”
ᚹ
A letter of the Runic alphabet
present in the Elder Fuþark (ᚹ)
and the Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc (ᚹ, called wynn)
representing /w/ and associated with joy and bliss in the Anglo-Saxon rune-poem.
Old English - saƿla - (sāwla) sāƿol f saƿla f - plural of saƿol saƿla - Alternative form of sāwol \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”).
Cognate with Scots saul, soul (“soul”),
North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”),
Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”),
West Frisian siel (“soul”),
Dutch ziel (“soul”),
German Seele (“soul”)
Old Saxon *siala.
Modern Danish sjæl,
Swedish själ,
Norwegian sjel.
Icelandic sál
Old English sāwol.
the intellectual or immortal principle in man.
From Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.
Life force.
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Αίολος • (Aíolos) m
(Greek mythology)
Aeolus (Greek god of the winds)
From αἰόλος (“moving, swift”)
from Proto-Hellenic *walwólos
from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn”).
Αἰολεύς (Aioleús)
Αἰολία (Aiolía)
Αἰολίς (Aiolís)
Adjective αἰόλος • (aiólos) m (feminine αἰόλη, neuter αἰόλον); first/second declension quick, nimble, swift wriggling (of worms) glittering, sheeny (of armours) chequered, changeful shifty, slippery.
Etymology Unknown.
The word has been connected with
αἰών (“lifetime”) and Sanskrit आयु (āyu, “life, vital force”) but this is formally improbable.
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Latin - Aeolus
(Greek mythology) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind.
Aeolian (not comparable)
Relating to Aeolus, the Greek god of wind.
Æolus
Obsolete spelling of Aeolus.
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ATMOSPHERE
ἀτμός • (atmós) m (genitive ἀτμοῦ); second declension
vapour, steam, smoke.
For ἀετμός (aetmós), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-. See ἄημι (áēmi).
ἄημι • (áēmi)
I breathe, blow.
From ἄϝημι (áwēmi),
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-.
Cognates include Old English and English wind, Latin ventus, vannus,
Sanskrit वाति (vāti, “to blow”).
Proto-Indo-European/ h₂weh₁- *h₂weh₁- (imperfective) to blow (of wind)
Terms derived from the PIE root *h₂weh₁-
Ancient Greek:
ἀτμός (atmós) vapour, steam, smoke
αὔρα (aúra) steam, cool air in motion, breeze, fresh air of the morning.
ἀήρ (aḗr) air ᾱ̓ήρ • (āḗr) m (genitive ᾱ̓έρος); third declension mist air wind space, volume blue or grey (the colour of the sky) Beekes gives Proto-Hellenic *auhḗr (“morning mist”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsḗr from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”). Cognate with αὔρᾱ (aúrā) (< *h₂éwsreh₂), Latin aurōra.
ἄελλα (áella),
ἀίσθω (aísthō),
ἆθλον (âthlon)
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LATIN
aurōra f (genitive aurōrae); first declension
dawn, sunrise.
From Proto-Italic *auzōs (as Flōra from flōs), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”). In the Proto-Indo-European religion it was personified as the goddess of the dawn, corresponding to the Roman goddess Aurōra, from *h₂ews- (“east”).
Cognates include the Latin auster, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs), ἠώς (ēṓs), the Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn”, “Ushas”), and the Old English Ēostre (modern Easter), English east.
*auzōs f
dawn
Proto-Indo-European - *h₂éwsōs f
dawn
goddess of dawn, bringer of light for which she is punished.
From earlier *h₂éws-os-s,
from *h₂ews- (“dawn”).
*h₂ews-
dawn
east.
From Ancient Greek - Ἠώς / ἠώς (ēṓs)
*h₂ews-
dawn
east.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion.
Cognates include Latin Aurora, aurora,
Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly
Old English Ēostre.
ἠώς • (ēṓs) f (genitive ἠοῦς); third declension (Epic, Ionic)
The morning red, daybreak, dawn
Dawn as a length of time: morning.
From Proto-Hellenic *auhṓs, awhṓs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion, corresponding to Ancient Greek goddess Ἠώς (Ēṓs). Cognates include Latin Aurora/aurora, Sanskrit उषस् (uṣás, “dawn; Ushas”) and possibly Old English Ēostre and Old Armenian այգ (ayg), առաւաւտ (aṙawawt).
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From Old English Ēostre, Ēastre (“a goddess of spring and fertility”) and ēastre (“Easter”), from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; a goddess of spring and fertility”).
(paganism) A modern pagan festival celebrated either in March or April to welcome the Spring, also called Ostara or Easter.
from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ
*Austrǭ f[2]
Easter, springtime
(disputed) The name of a goddess of spring and fertility.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“dawn”) or *h₂wes- (“to dawn”).
If the ancestral formation is *h₂ewsreh₂, Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), is identical in formation, as is Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), if from Proto-Greek *aúhrā (< *h₂éwsreh₂). Sanskrit उस्रा (usrā́-, “dawn, morning”) (from *h₂usreh₂) only differs by the zero-grade in the root.
Also compare Proto-Slavic *utro (“morning, dawn”) (with variants including *ustro, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *auš(t)ra- (“dawn, morning”)) and Albanian err (“darkness”) (if from *ausra (“twilight”)). For the epenthetic -t- in Proto-Germanic (also widespread in Balto-Slavic), compare *þimistraz (“dark, dusky”).
All of these may go back to a Proto-Indo-European adjective *h₂us-ró- (> Sanskrit उस्र (usrá-, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”)) ~ *h₂éws-ro- (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), derived from a r-stem noun *h₂us-r- (forms belonging to such a formation are attested in the oldest Vedic[1]), explaining the differences in ablaut and gender. Proto-Celtic *wāsrī from *h₂wōsrih₂ (> Old Irish fáir) is close as well.
See also the noun *h₂éwsōs and its descendants, including Latin Aurōra, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs).
ᾔδει
HE KNEW
ᾔδει
he knew
V-LIA-3S
ᾔδεισαν
knew
V-LIA-3P
οἴδαμεν
WE KNOW
οἴδαμεν
we know
V-RIA-1P
οἶδας
YOU KNOW
οἶδας
you know
V-RIA-2S
νοῦς
νοός
νοέω
THE MIND ITSELF (as a model of ideas)
νοῦς - the thoughts.
νοέω - to think.
A Collection of Axioms that form the basis of thought form itself.
A Collection of Wisdom. (Ought Not or Perhaps)
The Building Blocks of Thought.
A Collection of Wise Axioms.
A Collection of Rules. (Do Not or Else!)
The Rules that form the Foundation of Civil Society.
Worldly Conformity-(Survival and Instincts)
Civil Conformity-(Rules, Laws, Ethics and Morals)
Eternal Wisdom Conformity-(Transcendence)
Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.
For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.
the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking.
Ro 12:2,3: “And do not be ‘conformed’ to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what the will of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect”.
For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith.
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νοέω - to apply mental effort needed to reach “bottom-line” conclusions. To think.
? - Inherent capacity to reason. Ability to think.
νοῦς - the collection of thoughts themselves.
ὑπονοέω - by reason of… under reason.
(The reason itself)
A Collection of ideas that in and of themselves all cohere together to form conclusions that allow for civilized society and also provide the framework for the mind to achieve transcendent self awareness as a certainty of knowledge, that ‘concludes’ the journey of ‘faith’ needed to get there.
συγκεχυμένη
CONFUSED
συγκεχυμένη
confused
V-RPM/P-NFS
From sygxéō (from 4862 /sýn, “identified with” and xeō, “to pour”) – properly, pour out together, i.e. in combination.
from sun and cheó (to pour)
to pour together, i.e. to confuse, throw into confusion.
bewildered (1), confounding (1), confusion (2), stir (1).
Original Word: συγχέω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: sugcheó or sugchunnó
Phonetic Spelling: (soong-kheh’-o)
Definition: to pour together, to confuse, throw into confusion
Usage: I bewilder, stir up, throw into confusion.
Acts 21:27 V-IIA-3P GRK: τῷ ἱερῷ συνέχεον πάντα τὸν NAS: him in the temple, [began] to stir up all KJV: the temple, stirred up all INT: the temple stirred up all the
νοητός
CONCEIVABLE - IMAGINARY
νοητός • (noïtós) m (feminine νοητή, neuter νοητό)
(formal) conceivable, perceptible, intelligible, comprehensible (able to be imagined in the mind)
Δεν είναι νοητό να διακινδυνεύσεις τη ζωή σου γι’.
It’s inconceivable for you to risk your life for her.
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IMAGINED
(formal, by extension) imaginary, notional (that which exists only in the mind)
ο νοητός άξονας της Γης
The Earth’s imaginary axis.
νοήματα
νόημα
SCHEMES
νοήματα
schemes
N-ANP
2 Corinthians 2:11 N-ANP GRK: αὐτοῦ τὰ νοήματα ἀγνοοῦμεν NAS: for we are not ignorant of his schemes. KJV: ignorant of his devices. INT: of his thoughts are we ignorant
2 Corinthians 3:14 N-NNP GRK: ἐπωρώθη τὰ νοήματα αὐτῶν ἄχρι NAS: But their minds were hardened; KJV: But their minds were blinded: for INT: were hardened the minds of them until.
Original Word: νόημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: noéma Phonetic Spelling: (no'-ay-mah) Definition: thought, purpose Usage: a thought, purpose, design; the mind; the heart, soul, feelings. HELPS Word-studies 3540 nóēma (a neuter noun, derived from 3539 /noiéō, "to exert mental effort") – properly, the mind, especially its final output (systematic understanding, TDNT). Note the -ma suffix which underlines the result of the thinking, i.e. the personal verdict that comes out of using the mind.
νόημα, νοηματος, τό, from Homer down;
1. a mental perception, thought.
- specifically, (an evil) purpose: αἰχμαλωτίζειν πᾶν νόημα εἰς τήν ὑπακοήν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, to cause whoever is devising evil against Christ to desist from his purpose and submit himself to Christ (as Paul sets him forth), 2 Corinthians 10:5; plural: 2 Corinthians 2:11 (τοῦ διαβόλου, Ignatius ad Eph. (interpolated) 14 [ET]; τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν πονηρᾶς, Baruch 2:8).
- that which thinks, the mind: plural (where the minds of many are referred to), 2 Corinthians 3:14; 2 Corinthians 4:4, and perhaps (2 Corinthians 11:3); Philippians 4:7, for here the word may mean thoughts and purposes; (others would so take it also in all the examples cited under this head (cf. καύχημα, 2)).
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Original Word: νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize.
noiéō (from 3563 /noús, “mind”) – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach “bottom-line” conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning.
νοέω, νόω; 1 aorist ἐνόησα; (present passive participle (neuter plural) νωυμενα); (νοῦς); from Homer down; the Sept. for הַבִין and הִתְבּונֵן, and for הִשְׂכִּיל;
1. to perceive with the mind, to understand: absolutely, with the addition τῇ καρδία, John 12:40 (Isaiah 44:18); with an accusative of the thing, Ephesians 3:4, 20; 1 Timothy 1:7; passive: Romans 1:20; followed by ὅτι, Matthew 15:17; Matthew 16:11; Mark 7:18; followed by an accusative with an infinitive, Hebrews 11:3; the absolute equivalent to to have understanding: Matthew 16:9; Mark 8:17.
- to think upon, heed, ponder, consider: ὀείτω, namely, let him attend to the events that occur, which will show the time to flee, Matthew 24:15; Mark 13:14; (similarly νόει ὁ (R G ἅ) λέγω, 2 Timothy 2:7). (Compare: εὐνοέω, κατανοέω, μετανοέω, προνοέω, ὑπονοέω.)
From nous; to exercise the mind (observe), i.e. (figuratively) to comprehend, heed – consider, perceive, think, understand.
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Original Word: νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.
composure (1), comprehension (1), mind (20), minds (1), understanding (1).
3563 noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.
Ro 12:2,3: “2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).
- the mind, comprising alike the faculties of perceiving and understanding and those of feeling, judging, determining; hence, specifically.
the intellective faculty, the understanding.
opposed to τό πνεῦμα, the spirit intensely roused and completely absorbed with divine things, but destitute of clear ideas of them.
reason (German die Vernunft) in the narrower sense, as the capacity for spiritual truth, the higher powers of the soul, the faculty of perceiving dibble things, of recognizing goodness and of hating evil.
the power of considering and judging soberly, calmly and impartially.
a particular mode of thinking and judging.
Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind (divine or human; in thought, feeling, or will); by implication, meaning – mind, understanding. Compare psuche.
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γινώσκω
BECOME KNOWN - BECOME KNOWLEDGEABLE
Original Word: γινώσκω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ginóskó
Phonetic Spelling: (ghin-oce’-ko)
Definition: to come to know, recognize, perceive
Usage: I am taking in knowledge, come to know, learn; aor: I ascertained, realized.
HELPS Word-studies
1097 ginṓskō – properly, to know, especially through personal experience (first-hand acquaintance). 1097 /ginṓskō (“experientially know”) is used for example in Lk 1:34, “And Mary [a virgin] said to the angel, ‘How will this be since I do not know (1097 /ginṓskō = sexual intimacy) a man?’”
to learn to know, come to know, get a knowledge of; passive to become known.
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Original Word: ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: psuché Phonetic Spelling: (psoo-khay') Definition: breath, the soul Usage: (a) the vital breath, breath of life, (b) the human soul, (c) the soul as the seat of affections and will, (d) the self, (e) a human person, an individual.
5590 psyxḗ (from psyxō, “to breathe, blow” which is the root of the English words “psyche,” “psychology”) – soul (psyche); a person’s distinct identity (unique personhood), i.e. individual personality.
5590 (psyxē) corresponds exactly to the OT 5315 /phágō (“soul”). The soul is the direct aftermath of God breathing (blowing) His gift of life into a person, making them an ensouled being.
the breath of life; the vital force which animates the body and shows itself in breathing.
θέση
θέση • (thési) f (plural θέσεις)
position (a place, location)
job, post
station, status.
From Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “placement”), from Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”).
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θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension
a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop
Could simply be from τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”) + -σις (-sis), or could go back earlier. If so, would be from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from *dʰeh₁- (whence also τίθημι (títhēmi)), with cognates including Sanskrit अपिहिति (ápihiti), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬌𐬛𐬍𐬙𐬌 (arōidīti), Latin conditiō, and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍃 (gadēds). More at deed.
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process
θαυμάσῃς
WONDER
θαυμάσῃς
do wonder
V-ASA-2S
θαυμάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: thaumazó Phonetic Spelling: (thou-mad'-zo) Definition: to marvel, wonder Usage: (a) intrans: I wonder, marvel, (b) trans: I wonder at, admire.
thaumázō (from 2295 /thaúma, “a wonder, marvel”) – properly, wonder at, be amazed (marvel), i.e. astonished out of one’s senses; awestruck, “wondering very greatly” (Souter); to cause “wonder; . . . to regard with amazement, and with a suggestion of beginning to speculate on the matter” (WS, 225).
am amazed (1), amazed (15), amazement (1), astonished (3), being amazed (1), flattering (1), marvel (4), marveled (5), marveling (2), surprised (2), wonder (2), wondered (4), wondering (2).
Original Word: θαῦμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: thauma Phonetic Spelling: (thos'-mah) Definition: a wonder Usage: (a) concr: a marvel, wonder, (b) abstr: wonder, amazement. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2295 thaúma – a wonder, evoking "emotional" astonishment (gaping) at the marvel, i.e. performed to powerfully strike the viewer personally (uniquely, individually). See 2296 (thaumázō).
ἀπρόσιτος
UNAPPROACHABLE - INCOMPREHENSIBLE
From ἀ-πρόσ-ιτος
Original Word: ἀπρόσιτος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aprositos Phonetic Spelling: (ap-ros'-ee-tos) Definition: unapproachable.
from alpha (as a neg. prefix) and a comp. of pros and eimi (to go)
From a (as a negative particle) and a derivative of a comparative of pros and eimi (to go); inaccessible – which no man can approach.
see GREEK a
see GREEK pros
άφατος
INEFFABLE - INDESCRIBABLE
άφατος (not having light)
ineffable { adjective }
beyond expression
unspeakable { adjective }
incapable of being spoken or uttered
απερίγραπτος
NAMELESS - NOMEN INEFFABLE
unfathomable
unmentionable
unspeakable
incommunicable { adjective }
indefinable { adjective }
indescribable { adjective }
Ο πόνος που έχει υπομείνει η Μαϊλίν από τις εγχειρήσεις και από τον εμπαιγμό άλλων παιδιών είναι απερίγραπτος.
The pain that Mailyn has suffered from the operations and from the mockery of other children is indescribable.
nameless { adjective }
undescribable { adjective }
untold { adjective }
unutterable { adjective }
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Ή πιστεύεις πως αυτός ο απερίγραπτος, σύγχρονος, τρόπος ζωής εμπνέει αυτά τα αξιοθρήνητα σκουπίδια που τώρα αποκαλούμε τέχνη;
Or do you think that this unmentionable way of modern life, inspires the wretched refuse we now call art?
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Ο καλιφορvέζος δικηγόρος, ο απερίγραπτος κύριος Moore, έκαvε μvεία της Ku Klux Klan.
The Californian lawyer, the indescribable Mr. Moore, mention the Ku Klux Klan.
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Αυτός είναι ο απερίγραπτος θησαυρός που βρήκα στην «γη της επαγγελίας.»
This is the unspeakable treasure that I found in this “land of promise.”
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Ο παλιός καλός απερίγραπτος μπαμπάς.
Mmmmhm. Good old unfathomable Dad.
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Στην Κορέα η χαρά ήταν ακόμη μεγαλύτερη και ο ενθουσιασμός απερίγραπτος επειδή οι παρόντες έλαβαν τη Μετάφραση Νέου Κόσμου στην κορεατική.
In Korea there was added joy—yes, overwhelming enthusiasm—upon receiving the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in Korean.
φῶς
LIGHT - THE INTELLIGENCE OF MEN
φῶς
Light
N-NNS
φωτίζει
enlightens
V-PIA-3S
φωτός
Light
N-GNS
(opposed to τό σκότος, ἡ σκοτία)
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Original Word: φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ.
cont. of phaos (light, daylight); from the same as phainó.
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(i. e. illumining power) is not in him, consequently he does not see or distinguish the filings about him, John 11:10; the light emitted by a lamp, Luke 8:16; ( L Tr text WH). a heavenly light, such as surrounds angels when they appear on earth: hence, ἄγγελος φωτός,
by metonymy, anything emitting light: a heavenly luminary (or star)
fire, because it is light and gives light.
light i. e. brightness.
(where it symbolizes his rank, influence, worth, mighty deeds)
The extremely delicate, subtile, pure, brilliant quality of light has led to the use of φῶς as an appellation of God, i. e. as by nature incorporeal, spotless, holy, empty.
Symbol of the codependence with consciousness as an observer of light. Light is nothing without someone to see it. Therefore it is a symbol of the codependency of life itself. The empiricist makes the mistake of ignoring the conscious observer and erroneously believes there is an objective reality that can be known, perceived, conceived or described “as existing independently” and from its own side as something independent of conscious being and a perceiving life form. This is easily disproven by pointing out such an objective entity could not be perceived, conceived and therefore spoken of or described with words, nor even communicated to others absent the light and sound that communicated meaning from one conscious observer to another. Therefore the pure empiricist who denies the infinite eternal perpetual nature of life is the proponent of the most unprovable philosophic position. Even the ineffable is provable by its self evident being. I am therefore I think. I think therefore I am.
φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind.
by metonymy, φῶς; is used of one in whom wisdom and spiritual purity shine forth, and who imparts the same to others.
τό φῶς τό ἀληθινόν, John 1:9; by the same name the disciples of Jesus are distinguished, Matthew 5:14; Christians are called φῶς ἐν κυρίῳ, having obtained saving wisdom in communion with Christ, Ephesians 5:8. πᾶν τό φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν, everything made manifest by the aid of Christian truth has taken on the nature of light, so that its true character and quality are no longer hidden.
By a figure borrowed from daylight φῶς is used of that which is exposed to the view of all: ἐν τῷ φωτί (opposed to ἐν τῇ σκοτία), openly, publicly.
reason, mind; the power of understanding especially moral and spiritual truth:
τό φῶς τό ἐν σοι.
From an obsolete phao (to shine or make manifest, especially by rays; compare phaino, phemi); luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative) – fire, light.
see GREEK phaino
see GREEK phemi
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Original Word: φαίνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: phainó
Phonetic Spelling: (fah’-ee-no)
Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear
Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as.
to bring forth into the light, cause to shine; to show.
to become evident, to be brought forth into light, come to view, appear.
to meet the eyes, strike the sight, become clear or manifest.
to appear to the mind, seem to one’s judgment or opinion.
What ye think.
appear (5), appeared (7), appears (1), became evident (1), become (1), flashes (1), noticed (2), seem (1), seen (2), shine (3), shines (1), shining (4), shown (1), visible (1).
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EPIPHANY
Original Word: φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare. HELPS Word-studies 5346 phēmí (from phaō, "shine") – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, "produce an epiphany").
to spread a report, to disseminate by report.
Properly, the same as the base of phos and phaino; to show or make known one’s thoughts, i.e. Speak or say – affirm, say. Compare lego.
see GREEK phos
see GREEK phaino
see GREEK lego
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DARKNESS - OBLIVION - IGNORANCE
σκοτία
darkness
N-NFS
Original Word: σκοτία, ας, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: skotia
Phonetic Spelling: (skot-ee'-ah)
Definition: darkness
Usage: darkness; fig: spiritual darkness.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 4653 skotía (a feminine noun) – darkness, a brand of moral, spiritual obscurity (i.e. which blocks the light of God when faith is lacking). See also 4655 /skótos ("darkness").
Original Word: σκότος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine; Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: skotos
Phonetic Spelling: (skot’-os)
Definition: darkness
Usage: darkness, either physical or moral.
HELPS Word-studies
4655 skótos (a neuter noun) – properly, darkness (obscurity); (figuratively) the principle of sin with its certain results.
if the light that is in thee is darkness, darkened (i. e. if the soul has lost its perceptive power), how great is the darkness (how much more deplorable than bodily blindness)
metaphorically, of ignorance respecting divine things and human duties, and the accompanying ungodliness and immorality, together with their consequent misery.
From the base of skia; shadiness, i.e. Obscurity (literally or figuratively) – darkness.
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Original Word: σκιά, ᾶς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: skia Phonetic Spelling: (skee'-ah) Definition: shadow Usage: a shadow, shade, thick darkness, an outline. HELPS Word-studies 4639 skiá – properly, the shadow of a looming presence; (figuratively) a spiritual reality (good or bad) relating to God's light or spiritual darkness.
properly, shadow, i. e. shade caused by the interception of the light.
σκιά θανάτου, shadow of death
(like umbra mortis)
‘the densest darkness’ (because from of old Hades had been regarded as enveloped in thick darkness), tropically, the thick darkness of error (i. e. spiritual death; see θάνατος.
16 ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκότει φῶς εἶδεν μέγα, καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς.
The people sitting in darkness a light have seen great, and those sitting in the land and the shadow of death, a light has dawned on them.
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σκιᾷ
shadow
N-DFS
σκοτίᾳ
darkness
N-DFS
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Original Word: θάνατος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: thanatos Phonetic Spelling: (than'-at-os) Definition: death Usage: death, physical or spiritual. HELPS Word-studies 2288 thánatos (derived from 2348 /thnḗskō, "to die") – physical or spiritual death; (figuratively) separation from the life (salvation) of God forever by dying without first experiencing death to self to receive His gift of salvation.
properly, the death of the body, i. e. that separation (whether natural or violent) of the soul from the body by which the life on earth is ended.
Since the nether world, the abode of the dead, was conceived of as being very dark, χώρα καί σκιά θανάτου (צַלְמָוֶת) is equivalent to the region of thickest darkness, i. e. figuratively, a region enveloped in the darkness of ignorance and sin.
θάνατος is used of the punishment of Christ.
σῴζειν τινα ἐκ θανάτου, to free from the fear of death, to enable one to undergo death fearlessly.
plural θανατοῖ, deaths (i. e. mortal perils) of various kinds.
The inevitable necessity of dying, shared alike by all men, takes on in the popular imagination the form of a person, a tyrant, subjugating men to his power and confining them in his dark dominions.
metaphorically, the loss of that life which alone is worthy of the name, i. e. “the misery of soul arising from sin, which begins on earth but lasts and increases after the death of the body”
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DAWN - SUN RISING - MORNING STAR
ἀνατέλλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: anatelló Phonetic Spelling: (an-at-el'-lo) Definition: to cause to rise, to rise Usage: I make to rise, I rise, shine (generally of the sun, and hence met.).
393 anatéllō (from 303 /aná, “up, completing a process” and tellō, “set out a goal”) – properly, rise up after completing a necessary process; (figuratively) to fulfill a goal (reach its consummation).
from ana and telló (to make to arise)
arises (1), causes…to rise (1), dawned (1), descended (1), risen (3), rises (1), rising (1).
From ana and the base of telos; to (cause to) arise – (a-, make to) rise, at the rising of, spring (up), be up.
ἀνά
Part of Speech: Preposition
Transliteration: ana
Phonetic Spelling: (an-ah’)
Definition: as a preposition denotes upwards, up, as a prefix denotes up, again, back
Usage: prep. Rare in NT; prop: upwards, up; among, between; in turn; apiece, by; as a prefix: up, to, anew, back.
Original Word: τέλος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: telos Phonetic Spelling: (tel'-os) Definition: an end, a toll Usage: (a) an end, (b) event or issue, (c) the principal end, aim, purpose, (d) a tax. HELPS Word-studies 5056 télos (a neuter noun) – properly, consummation (the end-goal, purpose), such as closure with all its results.
[This root (tel-) means “reaching the end (aim).” It is well-illustrated with the old pirate’s telescope, unfolding (extending out) one stage at a time to function at full-strength (capacity effectiveness).]
Termination, the limit at which a thing ceases to be, (in the Greek writings always of the end of some act or state, but not of the end of a period of time, which they call τελευτή.
In 1 Corinthians 15:24 denotes either the end of the eschatological events, or the end of the resurrection i. e. the last or third act of the resurrection.
Here the sense of fulfillment.
that by which a thing is finished, its close, issue: Matthew 26:58; final lot, fate, with a genitive of the person whom the destiny befalls.
the end to which all things relate, the aim, purpose.
From a primary tello (to set out for a definite point or goal); properly, the point aimed at as a limit, i.e. (by implication) the conclusion of an act or state (termination (literally, figuratively or indefinitely), result (immediate, ultimate or prophetic), purpose); specially, an impost or levy (as paid) – + continual, custom, end(-ing), finally, uttermost. Compare phoros.
Original Word: φόρος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: phoros Phonetic Spelling: (for'-os) Definition: tribute Usage: a tax, tribute, especially on persons.
tribute, especially the annual tax levied upon houses, lands, and persons.
From phero; a load (as borne), i.e. (figuratively) a tax (properly, an individual assessment on persons or property; whereas telos is usually a general toll on goods or travel) – tribute.
φέρω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: pheró Phonetic Spelling: (fer'-o) Definition: to bear, carry, bring forth Usage: I carry, bear, bring; I conduct, lead; perhaps: I make publicly known.
carry, bear, bring.
5342 phérō (“allied to German fahren, Scotch bairn, ‘bear,’ “ J. Thayer, Curtis) – properly, to bear, carry (bring) along, especially temporarily or to a definite (prescribed) conclusion (defined by the individual context). See also 5409 /phoréō (“habitual bearing”).
(1 Pet 1:13) being brought (5342 /phérō) – 1 Pet 1:13 commands us to “completely (5049 /teleíōs) hope on the grace now being brought (present, passive participle of 5342 /phérō) in (en) revelation (no article) of Jesus Christ.”
The following is a fuller expanded rendering of the Greek text, “Wherefore [in view of the meaning of salvation that extends to glorification, 1 Pet 1:9] having girded up the loins of your mind, being radically-moderate, completely hope on the grace being carried along (5342 /phérō) to you, in revelation, concerning Jesus Christ.”
to move by bearing; passive, like the Latinferor equivalent tomoveor, to be conveyed or borne, with a suggestion of speed or force.
to bring forward in speech: προφητεία.
σφραγίς
σφραγίζω
φραγήσεται
φρήν
τέλειος
SEAL - MENTAL IMPRINT - INNER MIND
Doxa (glory) as a single word is a single seal.
DIAPHRAGM - That which regulates breathing, therefore regulates speech, what is spoken, being either truth or falsity.
Original Word: φρήν, φρενός, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: phrén
Phonetic Spelling: (frane)
Definition: midriff, heart, mind, thought
Usage: the mind, intellect, thought, understanding.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 5424 phrḗn (a feminine noun) – properly, “the midriff (diaphragm), the parts around the heart” (J. Thayer); (figuratively) visceral (personal) opinion; what a person “really has in mind,” i.e. inner outlook (mind-set, insight) that regulates outward behavior. See 5429 (phronimos).
[5424 (phrḗn) is the root of the English term, “diaphragm,” which regulates breathing.]
The midriff or diaphragm, the parts about the heart.
the mind; the faculty of perceiving and judging: also in the plural; as, 1 Corinthians 14:20.
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φρεσίν
minds
N-DFP
φρεσίν (phresin) — 2 Occurrences
1 Corinthians 14:20 N-DFP
GRK: γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσίν ἀλλὰ τῇ
NAS: do not be children in your thinking; yet
KJV: children in understanding: howbeit
INT: be in the minds but in the [regard to]
1 Corinthians 14:20 N-DFP
GRK: ταῖς δὲ φρεσὶν τέλειοι γίνεσθε
NAS: be infants, but in your thinking be mature.
KJV: but in understanding be
INT: in the [regard to] however thinking full grown be
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φρεσίν
Ἀδελφοί, μὴ παιδία γίνεσθε, ταῖς φρεσίν ἀλλὰ τῇ
κακίᾳ νηπιάζετε.
Be like little children, with fresh eyes having to learn again, with an empty mind willing to learn new things, not like a closed minded adult that thinks he knows everything, but has sadly been educated to participate within a corrupt system. Be willing to unlearn old things that have corrupted your thinking, and become like children, willing to learn new things, that will restore your thinking to truth, justice and wisdom, uncorrupted by evil things,
μὴ
not
Adv
παιδία
children
N-NNP
γίνεσθε
be
V-PMM/P-2P
ταῖς
in the
Art-DFP
φρεσίν .
minds
N-DFP
ἀλλὰ
Yet
Conj
τῇ
in the
Art-DFS
κακίᾳ ,
evil
N-DFS
νηπιάζετε ;
be little children
V-PMA-2P
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Original Word: τέλειος, α, ον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: teleios
Phonetic Spelling: (tel’-i-os)
Definition: having reached its end, complete, perfect
Usage: perfect, (a) complete in all its parts, (b) full grown, of full age, (c) specially of the completeness of Christian character.
Cognate: 5046 téleios (an adjective, derived from 5056 /télos, “consummated goal”) – mature (consummated) from going through the necessary stages to reach the end-goal, i.e. developed into a consummating completion by fulfilling the necessary process (spiritual journey). See 5056 (telos).
[This root (tel-) means “reaching the end (aim).” It is well-illustrated with the old pirate’s telescope, unfolding (extending out) one stage at a time to function at full-strength (capacity effectiveness).]
brought to its end, finished; lacking nothing necessary to completeness; perfect.
of men, full-grown, adult; of full age, mature.
μέχρι … εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον, until we rise to the same level of knowledge which we ascribe to a full-grown man, until we can be likened to a full-grown man.
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φράσσω
Metaphorically, to silence the critics and stop the misrepresentation and corruption of the truth.
To enclose, guard and fence in to protect the truth from falsity.
Original Word: φράσσω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phrassó Phonetic Spelling: (fras'-so) Definition: to fence in, to stop Usage: I stop, close up, obstruct.
properly, fence in, enclose; (figuratively) to stop, blocking something off so it can not spread (“get out-of-hand”).
to fence in, block up, stop up, close up.
ἡ καύχησις αὕτη οὐ φραγήσεται, this glorying shall not be stopped, i. e. no one shall get from my conduct an argument to prove that it is empty.
see σφραγίζω, at the beginning); tropically, to put to silence (A. V. stop)
Apparently a strengthening form of the base of phren; to fence or inclose, i.e. (specially), to block up (figuratively, to silence) – stop.
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σφραγίς
Metaphorically, to imprint upon the mind the truth. To create a conceptual memory in the mind.
To stamp the words as seals upon the mind through reading, hearing and disciplined study, and therefore allow he who remembers to be restored to health from the debilitating and misery producing effects of falsity.
“Seal” is often used metaphorically (Ro 4:11; 1 Cor 9:2; 2
Original Word: σφραγίς, ῖδος, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: sphragis Phonetic Spelling: (sfrag-ece') Definition: a seal, a signet Usage: a seal, signet ring, the impression of a seal, that which the seal attests, the proof.
sphragís – an etched (engraved) object pressed into soft wax or clay to seal a document (letter); a “seal.”
Cognate: 4973 sphragís – an etched (engraved) object pressed into soft wax or clay to seal a document (letter); a “seal.”
“Seal” is often used metaphorically (Ro 4:11; 1 Cor 9:2; 2 Tim 2:19; Rev 9:4). For more discussion see 4972 (sphragízō), and the HELPS prophecy-guide at “the Great Tribulation.”
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Original Word: φρήν, φρενός, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: phrén Phonetic Spelling: (frane) Definition: midriff, heart, mind, thought.
Usage: the mind, intellect, thought, understanding.
phrḗn (a feminine noun) – properly, “the midriff (diaphragm), the parts around the heart” (J. Thayer);
(figuratively) visceral (personal) opinion; what a person “really has in mind,”
i. e. inner outlook (mind-set, insight) that regulates outward behavior. See 5429 (phronimos).
midriff, heart, mind, thought.
the mind; the faculty of perceiving and judging: also in the plural; as, 1 Corinthians 14:20.
Probably from an obsolete phrao (to rein in or curb; compare phrasso); the midrif (as a partition of the body), i.e. (figuratively and by implication, of sympathy) the feelings (or sensitive nature; by extension (also in the plural) the mind or cognitive faculties) – understanding.
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σφραγίζω • (sfragízo) (simple past σφράγισα, passive σφραγίζομαι)
seal (eg on a document)
close tightly
stamp (eg in a passport)
(dentistry) fill a tooth cavity with amalgam, etc.
σφραγίζομαι • (sfragízomai) passive (simple past σφραγίστηκα, active σφραγίζω)
passive form of σφραγίζω (sfragízo).
σφραγίστηκα • (sfragístika)
1st person singular simple past form of σφραγίζομαι (sfragízomai).
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SEAL
seal (plural seals)
A stamp used to impress a design on a soft substance such as wax.
1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 11:
She [Nature] carved thee for her seal, and meant thereby
Thou shouldst print more, not let that copy die.
An impression of such stamp on wax, paper or other material used for sealing.
A design or insignia usually associated with an organization or an official role.
The front of the podium bore the presidential seal.
Anything that secures or authenticates.
Something which will be visibly damaged if a covering or container is opened, and which may or may not bear an official design.
The result was declared invalid, as the seal on the meter had been broken.
Confirmation or an indication of confirmation.
Her clothes always had her mom’s seal of approval.
Something designed to prevent liquids or gases from leaking through a joint.
The canister is leaking. I think the main seal needs to be replaced.
A tight closure, secure against leakage.
Close the lid tightly to get a good seal.
A chakra.
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SANSKRIT चक्र (chakra)
CHAKRA
From Sanskrit चक्र (cakra, “wheel, circle, point”)
चक्र • (cakrá) n or m
the wheel (of a carriage, of the Sun’s chariot, of Time)
a potter’s wheel (ShBr.)
a discus or sharp circular missile weapon, especially that of Vishu
a circle (Puranic)
an astronomical circle, the zodiac
a mystical circle or diagram
a cycle, cycle of years or of seasons
a circle or depression of the body (for mystical or chiromantic purposes; 6 in number, one above the other), the fontenelle or union of the coronal and sagittal sutures
(prosody) name of a poetic metre
a troop, multitude
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GREEK (κῠ́κλος)
κῠ́κλος • (kúklos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension
circle, ring Any circular object, such as a wheel A crowd of people marketplace circular movement sphere, globe
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LATIN (cyclus)
cyclus m (genitive cyclī); second declension
a circle
a cycle, recurring period
a branding implement.
From Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”)
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ENGLISH (cycle)
From Late Latin cyclus, from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”). Doublet of wheel; see there for more.
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From Proto-Italic *skreiβō (with scrīptus for *scriptus after scrīpsī), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek σκάριφος (skáriphos).
θεωρέω
GOD - SIGHT
From θέᾱ (“sight”) + ὁράω (“I see”).
Although with partial signification from…
θεός (“god”).
θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension
view, sight.
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θεωρέω • (theōréō)
I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle
I look at, spectate, observe
(of the mind) I contemplate, consider
(abstract) I speculate, theorize.
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θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension
spectator
envoy sent to consult an oracle.
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θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine)
I view, watch, observe, gaze.
I contemplate
I review
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θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension
a wonder, marvel, something strange
(in the plural) jugglers’ tricks
the feeling of wonder, astonishment
From the root of θεάομαι (theáomai, “to wonder at, gaze at”) + -μᾰ (-ma).
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θαυμάζω • (thaumázō)
(active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired
θαυμάζω • (thavmázo) (simple past θαύμασα, passive θαυμάζομαι)
admire, feel admiration for
look up to, look at with wonder
be impressed by.
-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
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θαυμασμός • (thavmasmós) m (plural θαυμασμοί)
admiration, adoration, appreciation.
θαυμᾰσμός • (thaumasmós) m (genitive θαυμᾰσμοῦ); second declension
a wondering.
From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “I wonder”).
-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
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θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension
Wonderful, marvellous
460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.0
Admirable
From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) + -τος (-tos, adjective suffix).
Adjective
Edit
θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό)
admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid
(archaic) brave (splendid)
θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― thavmastós kainoúrios kósmos ― brave new world.
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θεός • (theós)
divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος (theṓteros))
θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
a deity, a god, God
title of a ruler
sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess.
From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s. Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʿ, “pagan gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”).
Despite its superficial similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to Latin deus; the two come from different roots. A true cognate is Ζεύς (Zeús).
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ὁράω • (horáō)
(intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone]
(intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind
(copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb]
Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold
δεινὸς ἰδεῖν
deinòs ideîn
horrible to look at
(transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something]
(transitive) To find out [+indirect question]
ὅρᾱ εἰ …
hórā ei …
see if/whether …
(transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that …]
(intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand
ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε;
horâis? horâte?
Do you see?
(transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone]
From earlier ϝοράω (woráō), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”), ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”), Latin vereor (“fear”), English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”).
Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)).
Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)).
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ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension
(poetic) voice
Homer, Iliad 16.76
(poetic) word
Homer, Iliad 7.53
From Proto-Hellenic *wókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs. Related to ἔπος (épos) and εἰπεῖν (eipeîn). Cognates include Latin vōx, Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c), and Tocharian A wak.
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From earlier ϝέπος (wépos), from Proto-Hellenic *wékʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wékʷos, from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Sanskrit वचस् (vácas) and Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬗𐬀𐬵 (vacah-).
ἔπος • (épos) n (genitive ἔπεος or ἔπους); third declension
something spoken: speech, story, song one's word, promise word as opposed to deed subject a line of poetry (when discussing etymology or usage) an individual word (in the plural) epic poetry (the phrase, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, qualifying a hyperbolic statement) so to speak, roughly speaking, almost (the phrase, κατ’ ἔπος) word by word
εἰπεῖν • (eipeîn)
aorist active infinitive of εἶπον (eîpon)
ᾔδειν
ἴδω
εἰδῶ
ὁράω
I HAD KNOWN
ᾔδειν
knew
V-LIA-1S
ἴδε is equivalent to “by seeing learn”
From οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate. to perceive (with the eyes)
εἰδῶ, ἴδω, Latinvideo (Sanskritvid, perfectveda know,vind-a-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282), an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.
used by those to whom something is presented in vision, as the author of the Apocalypse relates that he saw this or that:
universally, to perceive, notice, discern, discover.
to see, i. e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything.
Perception as denoted by ἰδέαν when conceived of as completed, permits the sensuous element to be forgotten and abides merely as an activity of the soul; for οἶδα, εἰδέναι, signifies not to have seen, but to know.
to know, i. e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive.
A primary verb; used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent optanomai and horao; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know – be aware, behold, X can (+ not tell), consider, (have) know(-ledge), look (on), perceive, see, be sure, tell, understand, wish, wot. Compare optanomai.
ὀπτάνομαι
LET MYSELF BE SEEN AND KNOWN
Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by).
become seen (appear)
to allow oneself to be seen, to appear.
A (middle voice) prolonged form of the primary (middle voice) optomai (op’-tom-ahee); which is used for it in certain tenses; and both as alternate of horao; to gaze (i.e. With wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from blepo, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from eido, which expresses merely mechanical, passive or casual vision; while theaomai, and still more emphatically its intensive theoreo, signifies an earnest but more continued inspection; and skopeo a watching from a distance) – appear, look, see, shew self.
see GREEK horao
see GREEK blepo
see GREEK eido
see GREEK theaomai
see GREEK theoreo
see GREEK skopeo
ὁράω
TO SEE - PERCEIVE
Original Word: ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception).
[The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, “see.” The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, “see.”]
to see with the mind, to perceive, know:
Christ is said to deliver to men ἅ ἑώρακεν, the things which he has seen, i. e. which he learned in his heavenly state with God before the incarnation, i. e. things divine, the counsels of God, John 3:11, 32; ἑωρακέναι Θεόν, to know God’s will, 3 John 1:11; from the contact and influence of Christ to have come to see (know) God’s majesty, saving purposes, and will.
John 14:7, 9; in an emphatic sense, of Christ, who has an immediate and perfect knowledge of God without being taught by another, John 1:18; John 6:46; ὄψεσθαί Θεόν καθώς ἐστιν, of the knowledge of God that may be looked for in his future kingdom.
Christ, is used in reference to the apostles, about to perceive his invisible presence among them by his influence upon their souls through the Holy Spirit, John 16:16, 19; Christ is said ὄψεσθαί the apostles, i. e. will have knowledge of them.
to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience: ζωήν, equivalent to to become a partaker of.
equivalent to to care for, pay heed to: σύ ὄψῃ
see thou to it, that will be thy concern.
When the physical side recedes, ὁρᾶν denotes perception in general (as resulting principally from vision), the prominence in the word of the mental element being indicated by the construction of the accusative with an infinitive (in contrast with that of the participle required with βλέπειν), and by the absolute ὁρᾷς; βλέπειν on the other hand, when its physical side recedes, gets a purely outward sense, look (i. e. open, incline) toward.
Properly, to stare at (compare optanomai), i.e. (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension, to attend to; by Hebraism, to experience; passively, to appear – behold, perceive, see, take heed.
βλέπω
TO LOOK AT - TO OBSERVE
βλέπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: blepó Phonetic Spelling: (blep'-o) Definition: to look (at) Usage: (primarily physical), I look, see, perceive, discern. HELPS Word-studies 991 blépō – properly, to see, be observant (watchful). 991 (blépō) suggests "to see something physical, with spiritual results (perception)." That is, it carries what is seen into the non-physical (immaterial) realm so a person can take the needed action (respond, beware, be alert).
beware (5), careful (1), careful* (1), consider (1), facing (1), guard (1), keep on seeing (2), look (7), looking (5), looks (1), partial* (2), saw (12), see (54), seeing (8), seen (8), sees (8), sight (2), take care (5), take heed (5), watch (1).
To see, discern, With the bodily eye.
to perceive by the use of the eyes, to see, look, descry.
to turn the eyes to anything, to look at, look upon, gaze at.
metaphorically, to see with the mind’s eye.
to have (the power of) understanding.
to discern mentally, observe, perceive, discover, understand.
to turn the thoughts or direct the mind to a thing, to consider, contemplate, look to.
To carefully weigh, examine, contemplate.
A primary verb; to look at (literally or figuratively) – behold, beware, lie, look (on, to), perceive, regard, see, sight, take heed.
εἶδος
THE EXTERNAL FORM OF APPEARANCE
that which strikes the eye, which is exposed to view.
the external oppearance, form, figure, shape.
Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: eidos
Phonetic Spelling: (i’-dos)
Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight
Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class.
HELPS Word-studies
1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, “to see, apprehend”) – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes “what is physically seen” (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida).
Example: 1491 /eídos (“visible appearance”) refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: “And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove”; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: “And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming”; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: “You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”
From eido; a view, i.e. Form (literally or figuratively) – appearance, fashion, shape, sight.
εἰδῶ ἐιδα εἶδαν εἴδαμεν ἴδω οἶδα ἴδον ἰδαν
I SEE WHAT YOU MEAN
οἶδα
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: eidó
Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do)
Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive
Usage: I know, remember, appreciate.
HELPS Word-studies
1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying."
1492 /eídō (“seeing that becomes knowing”) then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).
εἰδῶ, ἴδω, Latinvideo (Sanskritvid, perfectveda know,vind-a-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282), an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.
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3 person singular ἰδεν
2 person plural ἴδετε
subjunctive ἴδω
3 person plural ἴδον
imperative ἴδε
infinitive ἰδεῖν
participle ἰδών
1 person plural εἴδαμεν
3 person plural εἶδαν
ὀπτάνομαι
TO BE SEEN BY MYSELF - SELF AWARENESS
Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō).
[Some forms of Strong’s numbering systems designate optomai as 3708.]
ὀπτάνω (ὈΠΤΩ): to look at, behold; middle present participle ὀπτανόμενος; to allow oneself to be seen, to appear: τίνι, Acts 1:3. (1 Kings 8:8; Tobit 12:19; (Graecus Venetus, Exodus 34:24).)
A (middle voice) prolonged form of the primary (middle voice) optomai (op’-tom-ahee); which is used for it in certain tenses; and both as alternate of horao; to gaze (i.e. With wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from blepo, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from eido, which expresses merely mechanical, passive or casual vision; while theaomai, and still more emphatically its intensive theoreo, signifies an earnest but more continued inspection; and skopeo a watching from a distance) – appear, look, see, shew self.
σκοπέω
TO LOOK AT - TO AIM
TO SET EYES ON TARGET
Original Word: σκοπέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: skopeó Phonetic Spelling: (skop-eh'-o) Definition: to look at, contemplate Usage: I look at, regard attentively, take heed, beware, consider.
keep your eye on (1), look (2), looking (1), observe (1), watch (1).
σκοπέω, σκόπω; (σκοπός, which see); from Homer down; to look at, observe, contemplate. to mark: absolutely, followed by μή with the indicative (see μή, III. 2), Luke 11:35; τινα, to fix one’s eyes upon, direct one’s attention to, anyone.
the subjunctive to look to, take heed to thyself.
to scrutinize, observe. When the physical sense recedes, equivalent to to fix one’s (mind’s) eye on, direct one’s attention to, a thing in order to get it, or owing to interest in it, or a duty toward it. Hence, often equivalent to aim at, care for.
σκοπός
TO TAKE AIM
Original Word: σκοπός, οῦ, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: skopos
Phonetic Spelling: (skop-os’)
Definition: a watchman, a mark (on which to fix the eye)
Usage: a watcher; a goal, a mark aimed at.
HELPS Word-studies
4649 skopós (the root of the English term, “scope,” like the zoom-scope on a rifle to hit the target) – properly, the “end-marker” of a foot-race; (figuratively) the final objective (destination) in the faith-life, i.e. the unique glorification the Lord awards to each believer at His return (cf. Phil 3:11,14). 4649 /skopós (“end-marker”) is only used in Phil 3:14.
[4649 (skopós) represents the “end-marker” (“goal”) in the race of faith (so TDNT/Kittel.]
from skeptomai (to look carefully, consider)
- an observer, a watchman.
- the distant mark looked at, the goal or end one has in view: κατά σκοπόν (on this phrase see κατά, II. 1 c.), Philippians 3:14.
From skeptomai (to peer about (“skeptic”); perhaps akin to skapto through the idea of concealment; compare skepasma); a watch (sentry or scout), i.e. (by implication) a goal – mark.
Original Word: σκάπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: skaptó Phonetic Spelling: (skap'-to) Definition: to dig Usage: I dig, excavate.
σκέπασμα
CLOTHING - COVERING
Original Word: σκέπασμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: skepasma Phonetic Spelling: (skep'-as-mah) Definition: a covering Usage: clothing, a covering, raiment.
from skepazó (to cover)
σκεπάζω to cover), a covering, specifically, clothing
From a derivative of skepas (a covering; perhaps akin to the base of skopos through the idea of noticeableness); clothing – raiment.
θεωρέω
TO CONCENTRATE ON THE MEANING
Original Word: θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of. HELPS Word-studies 2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, "to gaze, contemplate") – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating).
[2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term “theatre,” i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance).]
from theóros (an envoy, spectator)
to he a spectator, look at, behold, German schauen (the θεωροι were men who attended the games or the sacrifices as public deputies.
θεωρεῖν is used primarily not of an indifferent spectator, but of one who looks at a thing with interest and for a purpose; θεωρεῖν would be used of a general officially reviewing or inspecting an army, θέασθαι of a lay spectator looking at the parade. θεωρεῖν as denoting the careful observation of details can even be contrasted with ὁρᾶν in so far as the latter denotes only perception in the general; so used θεωρεῖν quite coincides with σκοπεῖν.
θεάομαι
TO INTERNALLY THINK ABOUT THE MORAL OF THE STORY.
Original Word: θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit. HELPS Word-studies 2300 theáomai (from tháomai, "to gaze at a spectacle") – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer.
[2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron (“spectacle in a theatre”), the root of the English term, “theatre.”]
to behold, look upon, view attentively, contemplate.
Nūmen
WILL - DIVINE WILL - MAKE IT SO
A nod of the head to indicate the Gods will is to be done by the servant.
Numen, pl. numina, is a Latin term for “divinity”, or a “divine presence”, “divine will.”
The Latin authors defined it as follows.
Cicero writes of a “divine mind” (divina mens), a god “whose numen everything obeys,” and a “divine power” (vim divinam) “which pervades the lives of men.”
Nūmen causes the motions and cries of birds during augury.
In Virgil’s recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the Odyssey, in his Aeneid, he has Odysseus and his men first “ask for the assistance of the great numina” (magna precati numina).[3] Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought “no honor was left to the gods” when he “established the cult of himself” (se … coli vellet) “with temples and the effigies of numina” (effigie numinum).[4] Pliny the younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the “power,” the “dignity,” and “the majesty;” in short, the “numen of history.”[5] Lucretius uses the expression numen mentis,[6] or “bidding of the mind,”[7] where “bidding” is numen, not, however, the divine numen, unless the mind is to be considered divine, but as simply human will.[1]
Since the early 20th century, numen has sometimes been treated in the history of religion as a pre-animistic phase; that is, a belief system inherited from an earlier time.
Numen is also used by sociologists to refer to the idea of magical power residing in an object, particularly when writing about ideas in the western tradition. When used in this sense, numen is nearly synonymous with mana. However, some authors reserve use of mana for ideas about magic from Polynesia and southeast Asia.
Nūmen - Etymologically, the word means “a nod of the head”, here referring to a deity as it were “nodding”, or making its will or its presence known). According to H. J. Rose:
The literal meaning is simply “a nod”, or more accurately, for it is a passive formation, “that which is produced by nodding”, just as flamen is “that which is produced by blowing”, i.e., a gust of wind. It came to mean “the product or expression of power” — not, be it noted, power itself.
Thus, numen (divinity) is not personified (although it can be a personal attribute) and should be distinguished from deus (god).
Numen was also used in the imperial cult of ancient Rome, to refer to the guardian-spirit, ‘godhead’ or divine power of a living emperor—in other words, a means of worshiping a living emperor without literally calling him a god.[9]
The cult of Augustus was promoted by Tiberius, who dedicated the Ara Numinis Augusti.[10] In this context, a distinction can be made between the terms numen and genius.[11]
Potentiality and Actuality
Potentiality and potency are translations of the Ancient Greek word dunamis (δύναμις) as it is used by Aristotle as a concept contrasting with actuality. Its Latin translation is “potentia”, root of the English word potential, and used by some scholars instead of the Greek or English variants.
δῠ́νᾰμῐς • (dúnamis) f (genitive δῠνᾰ́μεως); third declension power, might, strength ability, skill power, authority, influence force of war manifestation of divine power: miracle faculty, capacity worth, value The force of a word: meaning (mathematics) square root (mathematics) power
δῠνᾰμῐκός (dunamikós)
δῠνᾰ́στης (dunástēs, “ruler, petty ruler”)
Descendants
Greek: δύναμη f (dýnami, “power”)
Katharevousa: δύναμις f (dýnamis, “power”)
From δῠ́νᾰμαι (dúnamai, “I am able”).
δῠ́νᾰμαι • (dúnamai)
(with infinitive) to be able, capable, strong enough to do.
From Proto-Indo-European - *dewh₂- *dewh₂- to fit. Suitable, proper. Adapted to a purpose or environment. In good shape; physically well. Prepared; ready.
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“Natures which persist” are said by him to be one of the causes of all things, while natures that do not persist, “might often be slandered as not being at all by one who fixes his thinking sternly upon it as upon a criminal”.
The potencies which persist in a particular material are one way of describing “the nature itself” of that material, an innate source of motion and rest within that material.
In terms of Aristotle’s theory of four causes, a material’s non-accidental potential, is the material cause of the things that can come to be from that material, and one part of how we can understand the substance (ousia, sometimes translated as “thinghood”) of any separate thing.
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Actuality is often used to translate both energeia (ενέργεια) and entelecheia (ἐντελέχεια) (sometimes rendered in English as “entelechy”). “Actuality” comes from Latin actualitas and is a traditional translation, but its normal meaning in Latin is “anything which is currently happening”.
The two words energeia and entelecheia were coined by Aristotle, and he stated that their meanings were intended to converge.[10] In practice, most commentators and translators consider the two words to be interchangeable.[11][12] They both refer to something being in its own type of action or at work, as all things are when they are real in the fullest sense, and not just potentially real. For example, “to be a rock is to strain to be at the center of the universe, and thus to be in motion unless constrained otherwise”.
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ενέργεια
From Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (“action, act, work”)
ενέργεια • (enérgeia) f (plural ενέργειες)
(physics) energy
action
ενεργειακός (energeiakós, “energy”)
ενεργοβόρος (energovóros, “energy greedy”)
ενεργώ (energó, “to act, to work”)
ενεργητικός (energitikós, “working, energetic”)
ενεργός (energós, “active”)
ἐνέργειᾰ • (enérgeia) f (genitive ἐνεργείᾱς); first declension
activity, operation, vigour workmanship supernatural action, cosmic force the active principle in Aristotelian ontology (Latin actus) actuality (Aristotelian philosophy)
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ἐντελέχεια
Coined by Aristotle from ἐντελής (entelḗs, “complete, full, accomplished”) + ἔχειν (ékhein, “have, hold”).
Aristotle invents the word by combining entelēs (ἐντελής, “complete, full-grown”) with echein (= hexis, to be a certain way by the continuing effort of holding on in that condition), while at the same time punning on endelecheia (ἐνδελέχεια, “persistence”) by inserting “telos” (τέλος, “completion”). This is a three-ring circus of a word, at the heart of everything in Aristotle’s thinking, including the definition of motion.
From Late Latin entelechia, from Ancient Greek ἐντελέχεια coined by Aristotle from... ἐντελής (“complete, finished, perfect”) from τέλος (“end, fruition, accomplishment”) \+ ἔχω (“to have”).
(Aristotelian metaphysics) The complete realisation and final form of some potential concept or function; the conditions under which a potential thing becomes actualized.
Four Cuases
Why?
The “four causes” are elements of an influential principle in Aristotelian thought whereby explanations of change or movement are classified into four fundamental types of answer to the question “why?”
Aristotle wrote that “we do not have knowledge of a thing until we have grasped its why, that is to say, its cause.”
While there are cases where identifying a “cause” is difficult, or in which “causes” might merge, Aristotle held that his four “causes” provided an analytical scheme of general applicability.
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Matter: a change or movement’s material cause, is the aspect of the change or movement which is determined by the material that composes the moving or changing things. For a table, that might be wood; for a statue, that might be bronze or marble.
Form: a change or movement’s formal cause, is a change or movement caused by the arrangement, shape or appearance of the thing changing or moving. Aristotle says for example that the ratio 2:1, and number in general, is the cause of the octave.
Agent: a change or movement’s efficient or moving cause, consists of things apart from the thing being changed or moved, which interact so as to be an agency of the change or movement. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter, or a person working as one, and according to Aristotle the efficient cause of a boy is a father.
End or purpose: a change or movement’s final cause, is that for the sake of which a thing is what it is. For a seed, it might be an adult plant. For a sailboat, it might be sailing. For a ball at the top of a ramp, it might be coming to rest at the bottom.
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RESPONSIBILITY - CAUSE - BLAME
αἴτιον
Who did it? / What did it?
In his philosophical writings, Aristotle used the Greek word αἴτιον, aition, a neuter singular form of an adjective. The Greek word had meant, perhaps originally in a “legal” context, what or who is “responsible”, mostly but not always in a bad sense of “guilt” or “blame”; alternatively it could mean “to the credit of” someone or something.
αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension
causing, being the author of, responsible for
to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable
(substantive) defendant, accused, culprit.
From *αἶτος (“share”) + -ιος
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s
from *h₂ey- (“to give”).
Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta).
αἰτέω
to ask for, crave, demand, beg.
(logic, transitive) to postulate, assume.
(middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one’s own use or purpose, to claim.
προσπαθώ
εργασία
δουλειά
𐀈𐀁𐀫
μόχθος - κόπος
EXERTION - EFFORT - STRAIN - SLAVE - WORK
What does προσπάθεια (prospátheia) mean in Greek? Effort Exertion Strain Exert effort Striving
προσπάθεια
Attempt, exertion, try.
attempt (the action of trying at something)
Synonyms
απόπειρα • (apópeira) f (plural απόπειρες)
attempt (the action of trying at something)
Κάθε ανταγωνιστής επιτρέπεται τρεις απόπειρες.
Each competitor is allowed three attempts.
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εργασία
Job, work, employment, task.
work, labor, job, employment, business, operation.
έργο
Work, task, opus, doing, deed.
εργάζομαι • (ergázomai) deponent (simple past εργάστηκα)
work
Εργάστηκε στην τηλεόραση. ―
He worked in television.
εργαζόμενος (“employed”, participle)
εργαζόμενος • (ergazómenos) m (plural εργαζόμενοι, feminine εργαζόμενη)
employed person, worker.
εργασία f (“work, job”)
εργασία • (ergasía) f (plural εργασίες)
job, profession, work
task.
εργάτης m (“worker”)
male worker, labourer, hand, servant.
εργάτρια f (“worker”)
female worker, labourer, hand, servant.
αγρεργάτρια f (“farm labourer”)
(agriculture) farmhand, agricultural worker.
έργο • (érgo) n (plural έργα) work, project film, stage play, etc scientific research project art work, painting, etc building project, etc (physics) work (measured in joules) (chemistry, physics) thermodynamic work.
ἔργον • (érgon) n (genitive ἔργου); second declension
deed, doing, action
labour, work, task.
From Proto-Hellenic *wérgon, from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom. Cognates include Old English weorc (English work), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬆𐬨 (varəzəm), and Old Armenian գործ (gorc).
ἐνεργέω • (energéō) to be in action or activity, to operate. From ἐνεργής (“active, effective”) + -έω (denominative verbal suffix). (transitive) to effect, execute.
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δουλειά
slavery, work, job, business, servitude, serfdom.
δουλειά • (douleiá) f (plural δουλειές)
employment, work, job
task, job.
δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (feminine δούλη, neuter δοῦλον); first/second declension (Attic, Ionic)
slavish, servile, subject.
δοῦλος • (doûlos) m (genitive δούλου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine)
born slave or bondman.
δουλόω δοῦλος (“slave”) + -όω To enslave. -όω • (-óō) Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
δούλος
Male slave.
δούλα • (doúla) f plural δούλες masculine δούλος slave (female) (obsolete) maidservant
δούλη • (doúli) f
plural δούλες
masculine δούλος
slave (female)
Mycenaean Greek 𐀈𐀁𐀫 (do-e-ro) m male slave. 𐀈𐀁𐀨 (do-e-ra) f female slave.
αγγαρεία • (angareía) f (plural αγγαρείες) chore, task (military) fatigues (US), jankers (UK) drudgery forced labour.
αγγαρεύω (“to enslave, to impose drudgery”)
αγγαρεύω • (angarévo) (simple past αγγάρεψα, passive αγγαρεύομαι)
compel do work (especially unpaid work), enslave, requisition for work
(military) assign fatigues duty.
αγγάρεμα n (“the imposition of drudgery”)
see: αγγαρεύω (“to enslave, to impose drudgery”)
drudge (plural drudges)
A person who works in a low servile job.
(derogatory) Someone who works for (and may be taken advantage of by) someone else.
to labour in (or as in) a low servile job.
From Middle English druggen,
which is possibly related to Old English drēogan.
Old English - þurhdrēogan drēogan to do, perform (a service, duty etc.) to bear, suffer, undergo, endure. þurhdrēogan - IPA(key): /θurxˈdreːoɣɑn/ to carry through, perform, pass time. Equivalent to þurh- + drēogan Old English þurh, þuruh (“through”). drēogan to do, perform (a service, duty etc.) to bear, suffer, undergo, endure.
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SANSKRIT
दास • (dā́sa) m (Ṛgvedic dáasa) demon barbarian, infidel slave Shudra
दास • (dās) m
slave, servant.
Synonyms
(slave): ग़ुलाम (ġulām)
related to Sanskrit दस्यु (dasyu, “bandit, brigand”) and Sanskrit दास (dāsa) which originally meant ‘demon’ and later also ‘slave’ or ‘fiend’.
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Canaanite *dōʾēlu ‘servant, attendant’
Late Babylonian 𒁕𒀝𒂵𒇻 (daggālu, “subject, one who waits on another, does their bidding”)
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TOIL
μόχθος
μόχθος • (mókhthos) m (genitive μόχθου); second declension
toil, trouble, hardship, distress, exertion.
Synonym: κόπος (kópos)
From Ancient Greek κόπος (“striking; fatigue”).
See κόπτω (“cut”)
κόπος • (kópos) m (plural κόποι) toil, hard work suffering fatigue pay, wages (for such work)
κόπτω • (kóptō)
(transitive) strike; cut; shake.
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kop-
(“to strike, to beat”)
Confer Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti, “castrate”), Lithuanian kaplys (“hatchet”), Old High German happa (“scythe”), English hatchet.
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From Proto-Germanic *dreuganą. to mislead, to deceive. From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be deceptive; damage”). *dʰrewgʰ- to deceive, to mislead. An extension of *dʰrew- (“to mislead”).
αποφασίζω
αποφασίζομαι
αποφασίστηκα
αποφάσισα
αποφασίζω • (apofasízo) (simple past αποφάσισα, passive αποφασίζομαι)
decide, resolve, reach a verdict.
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αποφασίζομαι • (apofasízomai) passive (simple past αποφασίστηκα, active αποφασίζω)
passive form of αποφασίζω (apofasízo).
αποφασίστηκα • (apofasístika)
1st person singular simple past form of αποφασίζομαι (apofasízomai).
αποφάσισα • (apofásisa)
1st person singular simple past form of αποφασίζω (apofasízo).: “I decided”
ἀγνοεῖν
ἀγνοοῦσιν (pres act ind 3 pl)
ἀγνοοῦσιν (pres act ptcp dat pl masc)
ἀγνοεῖν (pres act inf )
ἀγνοῶν (pres act ptcp nom sg masc)
ἀγνοούμενος (pres pass ptcp nom sg masc)
ἀγνοούμενοι (pres pass ptcp nom pl masc)
ἀγνοοῦμεν (pres act ind 1 pl)
ἀγνοεῖν (pres act inf )
ἀγνοεῖ (pres act ind 3 sg)
ἀγνοεῖται (pres mid ind 3 sg)
ἀγνοοῦντες (pres act ptcp nom pl masc)
ἀγνοοῦντες (pres act ptcp nom pl masc)
ἀγνοεῖτε (pres act ind 2 pl)
ἀγνοῶν (pres act ptcp nom sg masc)
ἀγνοήσαντες (aor act ptcp nom pl masc)
ἠγνόουν (imperf act ind 3 pl)
IGNORANT
ἀγνοεῖν
to be ignoring
V-PNA
ἀγνοεῖν
V-PNA
To be unaware. To be uniformed, uneducated.
ἀγνοέω
To not think, to not apply mental effort, not study.
To be ignorant; not to understand.
Sin through ignorance.
ἠγνόουν
V-IIA-3P
The understood not.
They didn’t comprehend him.
ἀγνοῶν ἀγνοεῖτε ἀγνοοῦντες ἀγνοεῖται ἀγνοήσαντες ἀγνοεῖ ἀγνοοῦμεν ἀγνοούμενοι ἀγνοούμενος ἀγνοοῦσιν
ἀγνοήσαντες V-APA-NMP To not recognize. To rebuke, deny, refuse to acknowledge him. To refuse to get to know him through study. To refuse acquaintance with him. To ignore him. Refuse to know about him. Refuse to study him. To prejudge as unworthy before knowing.
Original Word: ἀγνοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: agnoeó Phonetic Spelling: (ag-no-eh'-o) Definition: to be ignorant, not to know Usage: I do not know, am ignorant of (a person, thing, or fact), sometimes with the idea of willful ignorance.
To be ignorant, not to know.
From alpha (as a neg. prefix) and the same as ginóskó.
Not to understand.
To err, sin through mistake, spoken mildly of those who are not high-handed or willful transgressors.
From a (as a negative particle) and noieo; not to know (through lack of information or intelligence); by implication, to ignore (through disinclination) – (be) ignorant(-ly), not know, not understand, unknown.
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From - a (not, negative prefix)
From - noieo (know)
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From νο (Mind) + έω (verb suffix)
νοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: noeó Phonetic Spelling: (noy-eh'-o) Definition: to perceive, think Usage: I understand, think, consider, conceive, apprehend; aor. possibly: realize.
From 3563 /noús, “mind”) – properly, to apply mental effort needed to reach “bottom-line” conclusions. 3539 (noiéō) underlines the moral culpability we all have before God – for every decision (value-judgment) we make. This follows from each of us being created in the divine image – hence, possessing the inherent capacity by the Lord to exercise moral reasoning.
To perceive with the mind, to understand.
To have understanding.
To think upon, heed, ponder, consider.
From nous; to exercise the mind (observe), i.e. (figuratively) to comprehend, heed – consider, perceive, think, understand.
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νοῦς, νοός, νοΐ, νοῦν, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: nous Phonetic Spelling: (nooce) Definition: mind, understanding, reason Usage: the mind, the reason, the reasoning faculty, intellect.
noús (a masculine noun) – the God-given capacity of each person to think (reason); the mind; mental capacity to exercise reflective thinking. For the believer, 3563 (noús) is the organ of receiving God’s thoughts, through faith.
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Ro 12:2,3: “2And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind (3563 /ólynthos), so that you may prove what the will (2307 /thélēma) of God is, that which is good and acceptable and perfect. 3For through the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think; but to think so as to have sound judgment, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith (4102 /pístis)” (NASU).
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WILL
θέλημα
From…
θέλω - (will, design) + μα - (thing designed)
Original Word: θέλω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theló Phonetic Spelling: ( eth-el'-o,) Definition: to will, wish Usage: I will, wish, desire, am willing, intend, design.
Commands, precepts.
( DO - DO NOT )
Cognate: 2309 thélō (a primitive verb, NAS dictionary) – to desire (wish, will), wanting what is best (optimal) because someone is ready and willing to act.
2309 /thélō (“to desire, wish”) is commonly used of the Lord extending His “best-offer” to the believer – wanting (desiring) to birth His persuasion (faith) in them which also empowers, manifests His presence etc. See 2307 (thelēma).
[Note the close connection between faith (4102 /pístis, “God’s inbirthed persuasion”) and this root (thel-, 2307 /thélēma); cf. 2 Cor 8:5-7 and Heb 10:36-39).]
Original Word: θέλημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: theléma Phonetic Spelling: (thel'-ay-mah) Definition: will Usage: an act of will, will; plur: wishes, desires.
2307 thélēma (from 2309 /thélō, “to desire, wish”) – properly, a desire (wish), often referring to God’s “preferred-will,” i.e. His “best-offer” to people which can be accepted or rejected.
[Note the -ma suffix, focusing on the result hoped for with the particular desire (wish). 2307 (thélēma) is nearly always used of God, referring to His preferred-will. Occasionally it is used of man (cf. Lk 23:25; Jn 1:13.]
will, i. e., a. what one wishes or has determined shall be done (i. e. objectively, thing willed.
θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ is used — of the purpose of God to bless mankind through Christ.
τό θέλειν (i. e. the abstract act of willing, the subjective) will, choice.
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2 Peter 2:12
But these people, like irrational animals, born creatures of instinct to be captured and destroyed, are ἀγνοοῦσιν (pres act ind 3 pl) ignorant of those whom they slander, and in their destruction will themselves also be destroyed.
Hebrews 5:2
He is able to deal compassionately with the ignorant ἀγνοοῦσιν (pres act ptcp dat pl masc) and going astray, since he too is subject to weakness.
1 Timothy 1:13
even though formerly I was a blasphemer, persecutor, and an insolent person. But I was shown mercy since, being ignorant ἀγνοῶν (pres act ptcp nom sg masc), I had acted in unbelief.
1 Thessalonians 4:13
Now we do not want you to be uninformed ἀγνοεῖν (pres act inf ), brothers, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as others do who have no hope.
Galatians 1:22
But I was still personally unknown ἀγνοούμενος (pres pass ptcp nom sg masc) to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.
2 Corinthians 6:9
as unknown ἀγνοούμενοι (pres pass ptcp nom pl masc), and yet well-known; as dying, and yet — look! — we continue to live; as scourged, and yet not killed.
2 Corinthians 2:11
lest we be taken advantage of by Satan;
for we ἀγνοοῦμεν (pres act ind 1 pl) are (ἀγνοοῦμεν | pres act ind 1 pl) not unaware (ἀγνοοῦμεν | pres act ind 1 pl) of (ἀγνοοῦμεν | pres act ind 1 pl) his intentions.
2 Corinthians 1:8
For we want you to know ἀγνοεῖν (pres act inf ), brothers, about the affliction we suffered in Asia, that we were burdened excessively beyond our power to cope, so that we despaired even of living.
1 Corinthians 14:38
If anyone fails to acknowledge (ἀγνοεῖ (pres act ind 3 sg) this, he will not be acknowledged (ἀγνοεῖται (pres mid ind 3 sg).
1 Corinthians 12:1
Now concerning spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be uninformed (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ).
1 Corinthians 10:1
For I do not want you to be unaware (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ), brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea.
Romans 11:25
I do not want you to be uninformed (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ), my brothers, of this mystery — so that you may not be wise in your own conceits — that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.
Romans 10:3 For ignoring (ἀγνοοῦντες (pres act ptcp nom pl masc) the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.
Romans 7:1
Or do you not know (ἀγνοεῖτε (pres act ind 2 pl), brethren (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law is binding on a person only so long as he lives?
Romans 2:4
Or do you hold in contempt the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, not (ἀγνοῶν (pres act ptcp nom sg masc) knowing that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?
Romans 1:13
I want you to know (agnoein | ἀγνοεῖν | pres act inf ), brethren, that I often intended to come to you (but have been prevented until now) so that I might have some fruit among you, just as among the rest of the Gentiles.
Acts 17:23
For as I went around and observed your objects of worship, I found also an altar on which was inscribed, ‘To an unknown god.’ So what you worship without (ἀγνοοῦντες (pres act ptcp nom pl masc) knowing, this I proclaim to you.
Acts 13:27
For those who live in Jerusalem and their rulers, because they did not recognize (ἀγνοήσαντες (aor act ptcp nom pl masc) him nor understand the utterances of the prophets, which are read every Sabbath, fulfilled them by condemning him.
Luke 9:45
But they did not understand (ἠγνόουν (imperf act ind 3 pl) this saying. It was concealed from them, so that they might not understand it; and they were afraid to ask him about this saying.
666 - TALENT
τάλαντον
666 = Talent (30.2 kg = 66.6 lb).
Talent (measurement)
τάλαντον
from Ancient Greek: τάλαντον.
Talanton “scale, balance, sum”)
An Attic weight talent was approximately 26.0 kg [3] (approximately the mass of water required to fill an average amphora[citation needed]), and a Babylonian talent was 30.2 kg.
Ancient Israel adopted the Babylonian weight talent, but later revised it.[5] The heavy common talent, used in New Testament times, was 58.9 kilograms (130 lb).
A Roman weight talent in ancient times is equivalent to 100 libra; a libra is exactly three quarters of an Attic weight mina, so a Roman talent is 1.33 Attic talents and hence approximately 32.3 kilograms (71 lb).
An Egyptian talent was 80 librae.[3] and hence approximately 27 kilograms (60 lb).
An Attic talent was the equivalent of 60 minae or 6,000 drachmae.[6]
An Attic weight talent was about 25.8 kilograms (57 lb). Friedrich Hultsch estimated a weight of 26.2 kg,[7], and Dewald (1998) offers an estimate of 26.0 kg.[8] An Attic talent of silver was the value of nine man-years of skilled work.[9] In 415 BC, an Attic talent was a month’s pay for a trireme crew,[10] Hellenistic mercenaries were commonly paid one drachma per day of military service.[citation needed]
The Aeginetan talent weighed about 37 kg. The German historian Friedrich Hultsch calculated a range of 36.15 to 37.2kg based on such estimates as the weight of one full Aeginetan metretes of coins, and concluded that the Aeginetan talent represented the water weight of a Babylonian ephah: 36.29 kg by his reckoning (the metretes and the ephah were units of volume).[11] Percy Gardner estimated a weight of 37.32 kg, based on extant weights and coins.[12]
An Aeginetan talent was worth 60 Aeginetan minae, or 6,000 Aeginetan drachmae[dubious – discuss].[citation needed]
A metretes was an ancient Greek unit of liquid measurement, equivalent to 37.4 liters.
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The talent as a unit of weight was introduced in Mesopotamia at the end of the 4th Millennium BC, and was normalized at the end of the 3rd Millennium during the Akkadian-Sumer phase. It was divided into 60 minas, each of which was subdivided into 60 shekels. The use of 60 illustrates the attachment of the early Mesopotamians to their useful sexagesimal arithmetic. These weights were used subsequently by the Babylonians, Sumerians, and Phoenicians, and later by the Hebrews. The Babylonian weights are approximately: shekel (8.4 gm), mina (504 gm), and talent (30.2 kg = 66.6 lb).
The Homeric talent “as money” was probably the gold equivalent of the value of an ox or a cow.[1] Based on a statement from a later Greek source that “the talent of Homer was equal in amount to the later Daric [… i.e.] two Attic drachmas” and analysis of finds from a Mycenaean grave-shaft, a weight of about 8.4 gm can be established for this money talent.[1] The talent of gold was known to Homer, who described how Achilles gave a half-talent of gold to Antilochus as a prize.[2]
Actus primus
The Latin word actus means determination, complement. In every being there are many actualities, which are subordinated. Thus existence supposes essence; power supposes existence; action supposes faculty. The first actuality (actus primus) begins a series; it supposes no other actuality preceding it in the same series, but calls for a further complement, namely, the second actuality (actus secundus).
But as the same reality may be called “actuality” when viewed in the light of what precedes, and “potentiality” when viewed in the light of what follows (see actus et potentia), the meaning of the term “first actuality” may vary according to the view one takes, and the point where the series is made to begin. Primary matter (see matter and form) is a pure potentiality, and the substantial form is its first determination, its first actuality. The complete substance constituted by these two principles receives further determinations, which are, in that respect, second actualities. Yet these may also be conceived as first actualities. Thus the extensive quantity of a substance is a first actuality when compared to the shape. Power is a first actuality when compared to action.
And this is the most frequent application of the terms actus primus and actus secundus. The former is the faculty; the latter, the exercise or function. To see in actu primo simply means to have the sense of vision; to see in actu secundo is to actually perform acts of vision. The modern distinction of potential and kinetic energy might serve as another illustration: the loaded gun, or the engine with steam buildup, represent first actualities; the bullet speeding to the mark, the engine flying over the rails, represent second actualities.
Actus Purus
In scholastic philosophy, actus purus ( literally “pure actuality”) is the absolute perfection of God.
Created beings have potentiality that is not actuality, imperfections as well as perfection. Only God is simultaneously all that He can be, infinitely real and infinitely perfect: ‘I am who I am’ (Exodus 3:14). His attributes or His operations are really identical with His essence, and His essence necessitates His existence. (Contrast this understanding with the Essence–Energies distinction in Eastern Christian, particularly Palamite, theology).
In created beings, the state of potentiality precedes that of actuality; before being realized, a perfection must be capable of realization. But, absolutely speaking, actuality precedes potentiality. For in order to change, a thing must be acted upon, or actualized; change and potentiality presuppose, therefore, a being which is in actu. This actuality, if mixed with potentiality, presupposes another actuality, and so on, until we reach the actus purus.
According to Thomas Aquinas a thing which requires completion by another is said to be in potency to that other: realization of potency is called actuality. The universe is conceived of as a series of things arranged in an ascending order, or potency and act at once crowned and created by God, who alone is pure act.
God is changeless because change means passage from potency to act, and so he is without beginning and end, since these demand change.
Matter and form are necessary to the understanding of change, for change requires the union of that which becomes and that which it becomes.
Matter is the first, and form the second. All physical things are composed of matter and form. The difference between a thing as form or character and the actual existence of it is denoted by the terms essence and being (or existence).
It is only in God that there is no distinction between the two. Both pairs - matter & form and essence & being - are special cases of potency and act. They are also modes: modes do not add anything to the idea of being, but are ways of making explicit what is implicit in it.
actus et potentia
In philosophy, potentiality and actuality[1] are a pair of closely connected principles which Aristotle used to analyze motion, causality, ethics, and physiology in his Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima, which is about the human psyche.[2]
The concept of potentiality, in this context, generally refers to any “possibility” that a thing can be said to have. Aristotle did not consider all possibilities the same, and emphasized the importance of those that become real of their own accord when conditions are right and nothing stops them.[3] Actuality, in contrast to potentiality, is the motion, change or activity that represents an exercise or fulfillment of a possibility, when a possibility becomes real in the fullest sense.[4]
These concepts, in modified forms, remained very important into the Middle Ages, influencing the development of medieval theology in several ways. Going further into modern times, while the understanding of nature, and according to some interpretations deity, implied by the dichotomy lost importance, the terminology has found new uses, developing indirectly from the old. This is most obvious in words like “energy” and “dynamic”–words first used in modern physics by the German scientist and philosopher, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Another example is the highly controversial biological concept of an “entelechy”.
Being
In philosophy, being means the existence of a thing. Anything that exists has being. Ontology is the branch of philosophy that studies being. Being is a concept encompassing objective and subjective features of reality and existence[1]. Anything that partakes in being is also called a “being”, though often this usage is limited to entities that have subjectivity (as in the expression “human being”). The notion of “being” has, inevitably, been elusive and controversial in the history of philosophy, beginning in Western philosophy with attempts among the pre-Socratics to deploy it intelligibly. The first effort to recognize and define the concept came from Parmenides, who famously said of it that “what is-is”. Common words such as “is”, “are”, and “am” refer directly or indirectly to being.
The deficit of such a bridge was first encountered in history by the Pre-Socratic philosophers during the process of evolving a classification of all beings (noun). Aristotle, who wrote after the Pre-Socratics, applies the term category (perhaps not originally) to ten highest-level classes. They comprise one category of substance (ousiae) existing independently (man, tree) and nine categories of accidents, which can only exist in something else (time, place). In Aristotle, substances are to be clarified by stating their definition: a note expressing a larger class (the genus) followed by further notes expressing specific differences (differentiae) within the class. The substance so defined was a species. For example, the species, man, may be defined as an animal (genus) that is rational (difference). As the difference is potential within the genus; that is, an animal may or may not be rational, the difference is not identical to, and may be distinct from, the genus.
Dasein.
Dasein (German pronunciation: [ˈdaːzaɪn]) is a German word that means “being there” or “presence” (German: da “there”; sein “being”), and is often translated into English with the word “existence”. It is a fundamental concept in the existential philosophy of Martin Heidegger, particularly in his magnum opus Being and Time. Heidegger uses the expression Dasein to refer to the experience of being that is peculiar to human beings. Thus it is a form of being that is aware of and must confront such issues as personhood, mortality and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself.
In German, Dasein is the vernacular term for “existence”, as in “I am pleased with my existence” (Ich bin mit meinem Dasein zufrieden). The term has been used by several philosophers before Heidegger, most notably Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, with the meaning of human “existence” or “presence”. It is derived from da-sein, which literally means being-there/there-being[1]—though Heidegger was adamant that this was an inappropriate translation of Dasein.[2] Dasein for Heidegger can be a way of being involved with and caring for the immediate world in which one lives, while always remaining aware of the contingent element of that involvement, of the priority of the world to the self, and of the evolving nature of the self itself.[1]
The opposite of this authentic self is everyday and inauthentic Dasein, the forfeiture of one’s individual meaning, destiny and lifespan, in favour of an (escapist) immersion in the public everyday world—the anonymous, identical world of the They and the Them.[3]
“This entity which each of us is himself…we shall denote by the term “Dasein”” (Heidegger, trans. 1927/1962, p.27).[4]
“[Dasein is] that entity which in its Being has this very Being as an issue…” (Heidegger, trans. 1927/1962, p.68).[4]
Heidegger sought to use the concept of Dasein to uncover the primal nature of “Being” (Sein), agreeing with Nietzsche and Dilthey[5] that Dasein is always a being engaged in the world: neither a subject, nor the objective world alone, but the coherence of Being-in-the-world. This ontological basis of Heidegger’s work thus opposes the Cartesian “abstract agent” in favour of practical engagement with one’s environment.[6] Dasein is revealed by projection into, and engagement with, a personal world[7]—a never-ending process of involvement with the world as mediated through the projects of the self.[1]
Heidegger considered that language, everyday curiosity, logical systems, and common beliefs obscure Dasein’s nature from itself.[8] Authentic choice means turning away from the collective world of Them, to face Dasein, one’s individuality, one’s own limited life-span, one’s own being.[9] Heidegger thus intended the concept of Dasein to provide a stepping stone in the questioning of what it means to be—to have one’s own being, one’s own death, one’s own truth.[10]
In harmony with Nietzsche’s critique of the subject, as something definable in terms of consciousness, Heidegger distinguished Dasein from everyday consciousness in order to emphasize the critical importance “Being” has for our understanding and interpretation of the world, and so on.
Ontology
Ontology is the philosophical study of being. More broadly, it studies concepts that directly relate to being, in particular becoming, existence, reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.[1] Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology often deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences.
nouns do not always name entities, but that some provide a kind of shorthand for reference to a collection either of objects or of events. In this latter view, mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person; society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and geometry refers to a collection of specific kinds of intellectual activities.[7][need quotation to verify] Between these poles of realism and nominalism stand a variety of other positions.
Nminalism
In metaphysics, nominalism is a philosophical view which denies the existence of universals and abstract objects, but affirms the existence of general or abstract terms and predicates.[1] There are at least two main versions of nominalism. One version denies the existence of universals – things that can be instantiated or exemplified by many particular things (e.g., strength, humanity). The other version specifically denies the existence of abstract objects – objects that do not exist in space and time.[2]
Most nominalists have held that only physical particulars in space and time are real, and that universals exist only post res, that is, subsequent to particular things.[3] However, some versions of nominalism hold that some particulars are abstract entities (e.g., numbers), while others are concrete entities – entities that do exist in space and time (e.g., pillars, snakes, bananas).
Nominalism is primarily a position on the problem of universals, which dates back at least to Plato, and is opposed to realist philosophies, such as Platonic realism, which assert that universals do exist over and above particulars. However, the name “nominalism” emerged from debates in medieval philosophy with Roscellinus.
The term ‘nominalism’ stems from the Latin nomen, “name”. For example, John Stuart Mill once wrote, that “there is nothing general except names”[citation needed].
In philosophy of law, nominalism finds its application in what is called constitutional nominalism.[4]
Problem of Universals
In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are.[1] Properties are qualities or relations that two or more entities have in common. The various kinds of properties, such as qualities and relations, are referred to as universals. For instance, one can imagine three cup holders on a table that have in common the quality of being circular or exemplifying circularity,[2] or two daughters that have in common being the female offsprings of Frank. There are many such properties, such as being human, red, male or female, liquid, big or small, taller than, father of, etc.[3] While philosophers agree that human beings talk and think about properties, they disagree on whether these universals exist in reality or merely in thought and speech.
The problem of universals relates to a number of questions in close relation to not only metaphysics but, to logic and epistemology, all in efforts to understand how the thought of universals has a connection to those of singular properties.[4]
Property ( philosophy)
In mathematics, logic, and philosophy, a property is a characteristic of an object; a red object is said to have the property of redness. The property may be considered a form of object in its own right, able to possess other properties. A property, however, differs from individual objects in that it may be instantiated, and often in more than one thing. It differs from the logical/mathematical concept of class by not having any concept of extensionality, and from the philosophical concept of class in that a property is considered to be distinct from the objects which possess it. Understanding how different individual entities (or particulars) can in some sense have some of the same properties is the basis of the problem of universals. The terms attribute and quality have similar meanings.
Instantiation principle
The principle of exemplification is the concept, in metaphysics and logic (first put forward by David Malet Armstrong) that there can be no unexemplified universal. In other words, it is not possible for a shared property (or thought) to exist without example objects existing at any point in time possessing the objective to share it.
If an object with a unique property does, has ever or will ever exist in the present, then the objective of sharing that property has always existed. This is a result of not being able know if a property is unique except by sharing that property, and sharing a unique property causes it to lose It’s uniqueness.
Consider a chair. Presumably chairs did not exist 150,000 years ago. However chairs do exist now. Knowing that chairs exist now, we know there was a possibility that being a chair was once a unique property. However we only know of the property of being a chair because of example objects, so we cannot be certain it was ever a unique property. Additionally, if all evil objects were to suddenly go out of existence, then the property of being evil would remain in existence. Simply put all evil would have been removed from the reality, but evil would remain in existence.
To make the principles remain more plausible in the light of these examples, the existence of properties or universals is not tied to their actual existence, but to their existence in space-time considered as a whole.[1]
Those who endorse the principle of exemplification are known as in realites (knowingly in reality) realists[citation needed] and Angels of God, ‘immanent realists’.[2]
Immanent Realism
Moderate realism (also called immanent realism) is a position in the debate on the metaphysics of universals which holds that there is no realm in which universals exist (in opposition to Platonic realism who asserts the existence of abstract objects), nor do they really exist within particulars as universals, but rather universals really exist within particulars as particularised, and multiplied.
Moderate realism is opposed to both exaggerated realism (such as the theory of Platonic forms) and nominalism. Nominalists deny the existence of universals altogether, even as particularised and multiplied within particulars.
Aristotle espoused a form of moderate realism as did Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and Duns Scotus (cf. Scotist realism).[1] Moderate realism is anti-realist about abstract objects, just like conceptualism is (their difference being that conceptualism denies the mind-independence of universals, while moderate realism does not).[2]
A more recent and influential version of immanent realism has been advanced by Willard Van Orman Quine, in works such as “Posits and Reality” (1955),[3] and D. M. Armstrong, in works such as his Universals: An Opinionated Introduction (1989, p. 8).
Abstract and Concrete
Abstract and concrete are classifications that denote whether the object that a term describes has physical referents. Abstract objects have no physical referents, whereas concrete objects do. They are most commonly used in philosophy and semantics. Abstract objects are sometimes called abstracta (sing. abstractum) and concrete objects are sometimes called concreta (sing. concretum). An abstract object is an object that does not exist at any particular time or place, but rather exists as a type of thing—i.e., an idea, or abstraction.[1] The term abstract object is said to have been coined by Willard Van Orman Quine.[2] The study of abstract objects is called abstract object theory.
The type–token distinction identifies physical objects that are tokens of a particular type of thing.[3] The “type” of which it is a part is in itself an abstract object. The abstract-concrete distinction is often introduced and initially understood in terms of paradigmatic examples of objects of each kind:
Object
An object is a technical term in modern philosophy often used in contrast to the term subject. A subject is an observer and an object is a thing observed. For modern philosophers like Descartes, consciousness is a state of cognition that includes the subject—which can never be doubted as only it can be the one who doubts—and some object(S) that may be considered as not having real or full existence or value independent of the subject who observes it. Metaphysical frameworks also differ in whether they consider objects existing independently of their properties and, if so, in what way.[citation needed]
The pragmatist Charles S. Peirce defines the broad notion of an object as anything that we can think or talk about.[1] In a general sense it is any entity: the pyramids, Alpha Centauri, the number seven, a disbelief in predestination or the fear of cats. In a strict sense it refers to any definite being.
A related notion is objecthood. Objecthood is the state of being an object. One approach to defining it is in terms of objects’ properties and relations. Descriptions of all bodies, minds, and persons must be in terms of their properties and relations. The philosophical question of the nature of objecthood concerns how objects are related to their properties and relations. For example, it seems that the only way to describe an apple is by describing its properties and how it is related to other things. Its properties may include its redness, its size, and its composition, while its relations may include “on the table”, “in the room” and “being bigger than other apples”.
The notion of an object must address two problems: the change problems and the problems of substances. Two leading theories about objecthood are substance theory, wherein substances (objects) are distinct from their properties, and bundle theory, wherein objects are no more than bundles of their properties.
φανερός φανερόω φανερωθήσομαι φανερωθῇ φαίνω φῶς
MAKE VISIBLE - MAKE CLEAR
Original Word: φανερός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: phaneros Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-os') Definition: visible, manifest Usage: apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly.
from phainó
Original Word: φαίνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: phainó
Phonetic Spelling: (fah’-ee-no)
Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear
Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as.
to bring forth into the light, cause to shine; to show.
to meet the eyes, strike the sight, become clear or manifest.
to appear to the mind, seem to one’s judgment or opinion.
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Original Word: φανερόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phaneroó Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-o'-o) Definition: to make visible, make clear Usage: I make clear (visible, manifest), make known.
phaneróō (from 5457 /phṓs, “light”) – properly, illumine, make manifest (visible); (figuratively) make plain, in open view; to become apparent (“graspable”).
1 Jn 3:2: “Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that if (Gk ean) He becomes manifest (5319 /phaneróō), we will be like Him, because (hoti) we will see Him just as (Gk kathōs) He is.”
φανερωθήσομαι; (φανερός); to make manifest or visible or known what has been hidden or unknown, to manifest, whether by words, or deeds, or in any other way.
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φανερωθῇ (phanerōthē) — 10 Occurrences Mark 4:22 V-ASP-3S GRK: μὴ ἵνα φανερωθῇ οὐδὲ ἐγένετο NAS: except to be revealed; nor KJV: not be manifested; neither INT: not that it should be made mainfest nor has taken place
John 1:31 V-ASP-3S
GRK: ἀλλ’ ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ
NAS: Him, but so that He might be manifested to Israel,
KJV: that he should be made manifest to Israel,
INT: but that he might appear to Israel.
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Original Word: φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance. HELPS Word-studies 5457 phṓs (a neuter noun) – properly, light (especially in terms of its results, what it manifests); in the NT, the manifestation of God's self-existent life; divine illumination to reveal and impart life, through Christ.
ᾔδειν
εἶδος
ἴδῃς
Ἴδε
KNEW
ᾔδειν
knew
V-LIA-1S
οἶδα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eidó Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do) Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive Usage: I know, remember, appreciate.
1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving (“mentally seeing”).
1492 /eídō (“seeing that becomes knowing”)
eídō then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane.
1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).
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Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: eidos
Phonetic Spelling: (i’-dos)
Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight
Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class.
the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape.
emphasizes “what is physically seen” before mentally or spiritually apprehended.
(“visible appearance”) refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God.
Jn 5:37: “You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”
the external oppearance, form, figure, shape.
διά εἴδους, as encompassed with the visible appearance (of eternal things)
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εἴδους (eidous) — 2 Occurrences 2 Corinthians 5:7 N-GNS GRK: οὐ διὰ εἴδους NAS: for we walk by faith, not by sight-- KJV: not by sight:) INT: not by sight
1 Thessalonians 5:22 N-GNS GRK: ἀπὸ παντὸς εἴδους πονηροῦ ἀπέχεσθε NAS: abstain from every form of evil. KJV: from all appearance of evil. INT: from every form of evil abstain.
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εἴδει (eidei) — 1 Occurrence Luke 3:22 N-DNS GRK: ἅγιον σωματικῷ εἴδει ὡς περιστερὰν NAS: upon Him in bodily form like KJV: in a bodily shape like INT: Holy in a bodily form as a dove
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ἴδῃς
you shall see
V-ASA-2S
Ἴδε
Behold
V-AMA-2S
Τεθέαμαι
OBSERVE INTENTLY
Τεθέαμαι
I have beheld
V-RIM/P-1S
Τεθέαμαι (Tetheamai) — 1 Occurrence John 1:32 V-RIM/P-1S GRK: λέγων ὅτι Τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα NAS: saying, I have seen the Spirit KJV: saying, I saw the Spirit descending INT: saying I have beheld the Spirit.
Original Word: θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit.
2300 theáomai (from tháomai, “to gaze at a spectacle”) – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer.
[2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron (“spectacle in a theatre”), the root of the English term, “theatre.”]
to behold, look upon, view attentively, contemplate.
ἑώρακα
I SAW - AFFIDAVIT - OBSERVER OF FACTS
From ἑώρακα ἑ-ώρα-κα
ἑ - past tense prefix
ώρα - to see
ἑώρακα
have seen
V-RIA-1S
ἑώρακα (heōraka) — 3 Occurrences
John 1:34 V-RIA-1S
GRK: κἀγὼ ἑώρακα καὶ μεμαρτύρηκα
NAS: I myself have seen, and have testified
KJV: And I saw, and bare record
INT: And I have seen and have borne witness.
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Original Word: ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware.
3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: “to see with the mind” (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception).
[The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, “see.” The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, “see.”]
ἑωρακέναι Christ, i. e. to have seen him exhibiting proofs of his divinity and Messiahship.
metaphorically, ὄψεσθαί τόν Θεόν, τόν κύριον, to be admitted into intimate and blessed fellowship with God in his future kingdom.
to see with the mind, to perceive, know.
the father (a metaphorical expression borrowed from sons, who learn what they see their fathers doing)
to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience.
SYNONYMS: ὁρᾶν, βλέπειν, both denote the physical act: ὁρᾶν in general, βλέπειν the single look; ὁρᾶν gives prominence to the discerning mind, βλέπειν to the particular mood or point. When the physical side recedes, ὁρᾶν denotes perception in general (as resulting principally from vision), the prominence in the word of the mental element being indicated by the construction of the accusative with an infinitive (in contrast with that of the participle required with βλέπειν), and by the absolute ὁρᾷς; βλέπειν on the other hand, when its physical side recedes, gets a purely outward sense, look (i. e. open, incline)
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Concordance Entries
εἴδαμεν — 1 Occ. εἶδαν — 5 Occ. εἶδεν — 42 Occ. εἶδές — 8 Occ. εἴδετε — 5 Occ. εἴδομεν — 9 Occ. εἶδον — 76 Occ.
ἑώρακα — 3 Occ. ἑωράκαμεν — 5 Occ. ἑώρακαν — 1 Occ. ἑώρακας — 4 Occ. ἑωράκασιν — 1 Occ. ἑωράκατε — 3 Occ. ἑωράκει — 1 Occ. ἑώρακεν — 10 Occ. ἑωρακέναι — 1 Occ. ἑωρακὼς — 2 Occ. ἑωρακότες — 1 Occ.
ἑόρακα — 1 Occ.
ἑόρακαν — 1 Occ.
ἑόρακεν — 1 Occ.
ἴδε — 34 Occ. ἴδῃ — 5 Occ. ἴδῃς — 1 Occ. ἴδητε — 12 Occ. ἰδεῖν — 39 Occ. ἴδετε — 9 Occ.
ἴδω — 3 Occ. ἴδωμεν — 5 Occ. ἰδὼν — 61 Occ. ἴδωσιν — 9 Occ. ἰδόντες — 41 Occ. ἰδοὺ — 200 Occ. ἰδοῦσα — 6 Occ.
ὤφθη — 18 Occ.
ὤφθην — 1 Occ.
ὤφθησαν — 1 Occ.
ὀφθήσεται — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσομαί — 1 Occ. ὀφθείς — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντες — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντος — 1 Occ.
ὄψῃ — 3 Occ. ὄψησθε — 1 Occ. ὄψεσθε — 13 Occ. ὄψεται — 4 Occ. ὄψομαι — 2 Occ. ὀψόμεθα — 1 Occ. ὄψονται — 9 Occ.
Ὅρα — 6 Occ. Ὁρᾶτε — 8 Occ. ὁρῶ — 2 Occ. ὁρῶμεν — 1 Occ. ὁρῶν — 1 Occ. ὁρῶντες — 1 Occ. ὁρῶσαι — 1 Occ.
Additional Entries ἰδοὺ — 200 Occ. ἰδοῦσα — 6 Occ. ὤφθη — 18 Occ. ὤφθην — 1 Occ. ὤφθησαν — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσεται — 1 Occ. ὀφθήσομαί — 1 Occ. ὀφθείς — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντες — 1 Occ. ὀφθέντος — 1 Occ. ὄψησθε — 1 Occ. ὄψεσθε — 13 Occ. ὄψεται — 4 Occ. ὄψομαι — 2 Occ. ὀψόμεθα — 1 Occ. ὄψονται — 9 Occ. Ὅρα — 6 Occ. Ὁρᾶτε — 8 Occ. ὁρῶ — 2 Occ. ὁρῶμεν — 1 Occ.
μάρτυς
WITNESS - THE ‘SUBJECT’ WHO TESTIFIES
Original Word: μάρτυς, υρος, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: martus Phonetic Spelling: (mar'-toos) Definition: a witness Usage: a witness; an eye- or ear-witness.
(etymologically) one who is mindful, heeds.
a witness (one who avers, or can aver, what he himself has seen or heard or knows by any other means)
one who is a spectator of anything.
‘one who testifies for one’
the faithful interpreters of God’s counsels are called God’s witnesses. Christ is reckoned among them.
In an ethical sense those are called μάρτυρες Ἰησοῦ, who after his example have proved the strength and genuineness of their faith in Christ by undergoing a violent death under the word.
Of uncertain affinity; a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a “martyr” – martyr, record, witness.
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Original Word: μαρτυρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: martureó Phonetic Spelling: (mar-too-reh'-o) Definition: to bear witness, testify Usage: I witness, bear witness, give evidence, testify, give a good report.
to be a witness, to bear witness, testify, i. e. “to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something, or that (so in the N. T.) he knows it because taught by divine revelation or inspiration”
The apostles are said μαρτυρεῖν, as those wire had been eye-witnesses and ear-witnesses of the extraordinary sayings, deeds and sufferings of Jesus, which proved his Messiahship; so too Paul, as one to whom the risen Christ had visibly appeared.
to bear witness concerning one.
of God, who himself testifies in the Scriptures that a thing is so (viz. as the author declares)
the Scriptures are said to testify περί Ἰησοῦ, i. e. to declare things which make it evident that he was truly sent by God, John 5:39; God is said to do the same — through the Scriptures.
to bring forward evidence to prove.
through the expiation wrought by the baptism and death of Christ, and the Holy Spirit giving souls assurance of this expiation.
ὁ μαρτύρων ταῦτα he that testifieth these things i. e. has caused them to be testified by the prophet, his messenger.
of testimony borne not in word but by deed, in the phrase used of Christ μαρτυρεῖν τήν καλήν ὁμολογίαν, to witness the good confession, to attest the truth of the (Christian) profession by his sufferings and death.
a righteousness such as the Scriptures testify that God ascribes to believers.
to testify to one what he wishes one to testify concerning him.
passive μαρτυροῦμαι witness is borne to me, it is witnessed of me.
emphatically; to utter honorable testimony, give a good report.
passive μαρτυροῦμαι “to be borne (good) witness to, to be well reported of, to report with (good) testimony borne to one, accredited, attested, of good report, approved”
of the person giving honorable testimony.
True testimony.
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ANTONYM
False witness in his name. Misrepresentation in his name. Misguidance in his name. Fraud in his name. Distraction. Misdirection. Confusion. Obfuscation. Clouding the issue. Over complexity.
ἐμβλέψας
ἐμβλέπω
LOOK INTO - INVESTIGATE
ἐμβλέψας
having looked at
V-APA-NMS
from en and blepó
ἐμβλέπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: emblepó Phonetic Spelling: (em-blep'-o) Definition: to look at, to consider Usage: I look into (upon); met: I consider; I see clearly.
emblépō (from 1722 /en, “engaged in” and 991 /blépō, “look”) – properly, stare (look) at with a “locked-in gaze”; look at in a sustained, concentrated way, i.e. with special “interest, love or concern” (DNTT, 3, 519).
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ἐν Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: en Phonetic Spelling: (en) Definition: in, on, at, by, with Usage: in, on, among. HELPS Word-studies 1722 en (a preposition) – properly, in (inside, within); (figuratively) "in the realm (sphere) of," as in the condition (state) in which something operates from the inside (within).
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βλέπω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: blepó Phonetic Spelling: (blep'-o) Definition: to look (at) Usage: (primarily physical), I look, see, perceive, discern.
blépō – properly, to see, be observant (watchful). 991 (blépō) suggests “to see something physical, with spiritual results (perception).” That is, it carries what is seen into the non-physical (immaterial) realm so a person can take the needed action (respond, beware, be alert).
beware (5), careful (1), careful* (1), consider (1), facing (1), guard (1), keep on seeing (2), look (7), looking (5), looks (1), partial* (2), saw (12), see (54), seeing (8), seen (8), sees (8), sight (2), take care (5), take heed (5), watch (1).
to see, discern.
to be possessed of sight, have the power of seeing.
to discover by use, to know by experience.
metaphorically, to see with the mind’s eye.
to have (the power of) understanding: βλέποντες οὐ βλέπουσι, though endued with understanding they do not understand.
to discern mentally, observe, perceive, discover, understand.
to turn the thoughts or direct the mind to a thing, to consider, contemplate, look to.
A primary verb; to look at (literally or figuratively) – behold, beware, lie, look (on, to), perceive, regard, see, sight, take heed.
ὀπτάνομαι
LET ONESELF BE SEEN
Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by).
become seen (appear).
to allow oneself to be seen, to appear.
A (middle voice) prolonged form of the primary (middle voice) optomai (op’-tom-ahee); which is used for it in certain tenses; and both as alternate of horao; to gaze (i.e. With wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable; and thus differing from blepo, which denotes simply voluntary observation; and from eido, which expresses merely mechanical, passive or casual vision; while theaomai, and still more emphatically its intensive theoreo, signifies an earnest but more continued inspection; and skopeo a watching from a distance) – appear, look, see, shew self.
see GREEK horao
see GREEK blepo
see GREEK eido
see GREEK theaomai
see GREEK theoreo
see GREEK skopeo
δόλος
δολιούσθαι
δολιούσιν
δολίως
εδολιούσαν
DECEIT
δόλος
deceit
N-NMS
Original Word: δόλος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: dolos Phonetic Spelling: (dol'-os) Definition: a bait, craft, deceit Usage: deceit, guile, treachery.
1388 dólos – properly, bait; (figuratively) deceit (trickery) using bait to alure (“hook”) people, especially those already festering in excessive, emotional pain (brought on by themselves).
1388 /dólos (“deceit motivated by guile”) uses decoys to snare (deceive) people which implies treachery to exploit the naive (undiscerning) – baiting them through (with) their own greed.
[1388 (dólos) is the root of: 1386 (dólios), 1387 (dolióō) and 1389 (dolóō).]
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δολιόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: dolioó Phonetic Spelling: (dol-ee-o'-o) Definition: to deceive Usage: I act deceitfully, deceive, use fraud.
dolióō (from 1388 /dólos, “bait”) – properly, to lure, using bait to pull someone in; to deceive, preying on people who are blinded by their own bitterness, greed or lust. (This makes them “easy prey” to ensnare.) See 1388 (dolos).
δολιόω: (δόλιος); to deceive, use deceit.
Ἰουδαῖος
YAHUDA-ISM
From Ῐ̓ούδᾱ + -ιος
from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yəhūḏāh, “Judah”).
-ῐος •
Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to.
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יְהוּדָה • (y’hudá) m
A male given name, equivalent to English Judah, Judas, or Jude
Judah, Judea (the kingdom, the region, the province, etc.)
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Derived Terms
יְהוּדִי (yehudí)
יְהוּדִי • (y’hudí) m (plural indefinite יְהוּדִים, plural construct יְהוּדֵי־, feminine counterpart יְהוּדִיָּה)
Noun
A Jew, a Jewish person.
יְהוּדִי • (y’hudí) (feminine יְהוּדִיָּה, masculine plural יְהוּדִיִים, feminine plural יְהוּדִיוֹת)
Adjective
Jewish: being a Jew, or relating to Jews or Judaism.
From יהודה (y’hudá) + ־י (-í) Plural
+ ־י
(-éi) Construct form of plural suffix ־ים
Perhaps derived from יָדָה (yadá, “to praise”)
יָדָה • (yadá) (pa'al construction) Verb to throw, cast to worship to revere to hold out one's hand to bemoan to praise.
From Proto-Semitic, from an earlier biradical root *y-d (“hand; authority; strength”)
Whence also יָד - yad (“hand”)
Cognate with Aramaic (yadah, “to laud”),
Ge’ez (wadda, “to join together, establish firmly”)
יד arm hand forelimb (anterior limb) (card games) hand (soccer) hand foul power, strength, authority יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ ― yatsá y'dey khovató ― fulfilled his obligation handle monument (memorial structure), shrine.
From Proto-Semitic *yad- (“hand”).
The plural form יָדוֹת (yadót) is primarily for handles; the dual is used for body parts.
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Ugaritic
𐎊𐎄 • (yd)
hand.
Akkadian: 𒁕 (idu, “arm”)
Phoenician: 𐤉𐤃 (yd) dy (yd)
𐤉𐤃 (yd)
hand.
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YAH’ UDA
𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀 (ia-u2-da-a-a, /Ya’uda/)
Judah, the Iron Age Semitic kingdom.
𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣
From Hebrew יְהוֹאָחָז (yeho’achaz, “Ahaz”)
Ahaz, the king of Judah
Nimrud Slab, II R 10.2 28, 29
𒆳𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 - 𒁹𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀
lia-ú-ha-zi mia-ú-da-a-a
Jehoahaz of Judah.
𒄩𒍝𒆥𒀀𒌑 - 𒆳 - 𒅀𒌑𒁕𒀀𒀀
Hezekiah of Judah.
From חִזְקִיָּהוּ • (Ḥizkiyáhu)
Hezekiah
from חזקי (ḥizki, “My strength”)
+ ־יהו (-yáhu, “the LORD”)
־יָהוּ • (yáhu) - (-iah )
A theophoric suffix, meaning “the LORD,” used in many Biblical proper names.
From יהוה, the Tetragrammaton.
יהוה • (YHVH) m
The Tetragrammaton, one of the names of God.
The proper, personal name of the Jewish God.
The word is written in the Hebrew Bible either without vocalisation or as יְהֹוָה, using the vocalization of the word אֲדֹנָי (adonái, “my Lord”), because of the prohibition of uttering the name. It is thought that the original pronunciation was probably lost around the Hellenistic era. In some cases, when preceded by the word אֲדֹנָי (adonái, “my Lord”), it is written as יֱהֹוִה, using the vocalization of the word אֱלֹהִים (elohím) - God.
אֱלוֹהִים \ אֱלֹהִים • (elohím) m (singular construct אלוהי \ אֱלֹהֵי־)
Noun
A god.
An officer, judge, or the like.
אלוהים \ אֱלֹהִים • (elohím)
indefinite plural of אֱלוֹהַּ (elóah)
אֱלוֹהַּ \ אֱלֹהַּ • (elóah) m (plural indefinite אֱלוֹהִים \ אֱלֹהִים, singular construct אֱלוֹהַּ \ אֱלֹהַּ־, plural construct אֱלוֹהֵי \ אֱלֹהֵי־)
A God. A Ruler.
God
(Christianity) Short for God the Father, the fountainhead and coeternal hypostasis (person) of the Trinity described in the Old Testament.
(Christianity, chiefly poetic) Short for God the Son, the begotten and coeternal hypostasis of the Trinity, incarnated as Jesus Christ, of one essence with the Father and Holy Spirit.
ὑπόστασις
From ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ὑπό (hupó) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”).
στᾰ́σῐς • (stásis) f (genitive στᾰ́σεως or στᾰ́σῐος); third declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a standing, placing, setting standing stone, pillar erection (of a building), building weighing (figuratively) standing, stature position, posture, station stable, stall compass positio posture of a boxer (figuratively) position of a litigant position or opinion of a philosopher state, condition party, company, band party formed for sedition, faction sedition, discord division, dissent statute, decree.
ῠ̔πό • (hupó) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)
(+ genitive)
(of place) from underneath.
(of cause or agency) by, through
(in pregnant phrases) of immediate acts of an agent, as well as further results.
(in Herodotus and Attic, of things as well as persons)
(+ dative) (of place or position) under, near.
(of agency) under, through, by.
expressing subjection or dependence.
(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (comprising a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.]
Proto-Northwest-Semitic *ʾlh, a form of Proto-Semitic *ʾil-, whence also אל. Cognate with Phoenician 𐤀𐤋𐤌 (ʾlm), Aramaic אֱלָהָא (ʾĕlāh) and איל, Akkadian 𒀭 (DINGIR /ilu‹m›/), Arabic إِلَه (ʾilah) and اللّٰه (allāh), and Ugaritic 𐎛𐎍 (ỉl).
𐎛𐎍 • (ỉl)
God
EL
From Proto-Semitic *ʾil-
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THE HANDS ARE THE AGENTS OF THE MIND
SYMBOLIZES A SERVANT
METAPHORICALLY “POWER”
From Middle English hond, hand.
from Old English hand (“hand, side (in defining position), power, control, possession, charge, agency, person regarded as holder or receiver of something”)
Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity.
An agent; a servant, or manual laborer, especially in compounds; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful.
νήπιος
ἔπω
Opposed to: ἀνήρ
NOT WORD - THE UNEDUCATED
CHILDISH - INFANT
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νήπιος
Literally, “not if how”
meaning - “possibly but not yet”
Original Word: νήπιος, α, ον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: népios
Phonetic Spelling: (nay’-pee-os)
Definition: an infant, a simple-minded or immature person
Usage: unlearned, unenlightened; noun: an infant, child.
An infant, fig. a simple-minded or immature person.
child (5), childish (1), children (2), immature (1), infant (1), infants (4).
metaphorically, childish, untaught, unskilled.
From an obsolete particle ne- (implying negation) and epos; not speaking, i.e. An infant (minor); figuratively, a simple-minded person, an immature Christian – babe, child (+ -ish).
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Opposed to ᾰ̓νήρ
An educated man.
A bound man.
A man under oath with obligation to obey a will.
A husband.
The flesh having been educated and bound by oath to a will.
The personification of “Divine Will” but not the will itself.
ᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension Noun man (adult male) husband human being, as opposed to a god.
γῠνή • (gunḗ) f (genitive γῠναικός); third declension
Noun
woman, female
A woman bound to an oath.
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ἔπος If how? By what means? It may be possible, if by what means? If possible, then by what means?
εἴ
Transliteration: ei pos
Phonetic Spelling: (i poce)
Definition: if by any means, if somehow.
From ei and pos; if somehow – if by any means.
Original Word: -πώς Transliteration: pós Phonetic Spelling: (poce) Definition: how, at all properly, how (conveying "indefiniteness of manner,"
a particle meaning, “if (somehow)” or “if possibly,” when used with the Gk conjunction, εἰ
Original Word: εἰ Part of Speech: Conditional Particle Or Conjunction Transliteration: ei Phonetic Spelling: (i) Definition: forasmuch as, if, that Usage: if.
ei (a conditional conjunction) – if. 1487 /ei (followed by any verb) expresses “a condition, thought of as real, or to denote assumptions” (i.e. viewed as factual. for the sake of argument)
(ei) should not be translated “since,” but rather always “if” – since the assumption may only be portrayed as valid (true, factual).
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Original Word: ἔπος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: epos Phonetic Spelling: (ep'-os) Definition: a word Usage: a word, so to speak.
akin to eipon, see also legó
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From - ἔπω
Phonetic Spelling: (ep’-o)
Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command.
A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) – answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego.
answer, bid, bring word, command.
see GREEK ereo
see GREEK rheo
see GREEK phemi
see GREEK lego
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ἐρεῶ
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: ereó
Phonetic Spelling: (er-eh’-o)
Definition: call, say, speak of, tell
Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command.
Probably a fuller form of rheo; an alternate for epo in certain tenses; to utter, i.e. Speak or say – call, say, speak (of), tell.
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Original Word: ῥέω,
Phonetic Spelling: (hreh’-o)
Definition: command, make, say, speak of.
For certain tenses of which a prolonged form ereo (er-eh’-o) is used; and both as alternate for epo; perhaps akin (or identical) with rheo (through the idea of pouring forth); to utter, i.e. Speak or say – command, make, say, speak (of). Compare lego.
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Original Word: ἔπω
Phonetic Spelling: (ep’-o)
Definition: answer, bid, bring word, command.
A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) – answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego.
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Original Word: φημί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phémi Phonetic Spelling: (fay-mee') Definition: to declare, say Usage: I say, declare.
phēmí (from phaō, “shine”) – properly, bring to light by asserting one statement (point of view) over another; to speak comparatively, i.e. making effective contrasts which illuminate (literally, “produce an epiphany”).
properly, to make known one’s thoughts, to declare; to say: ἔφη, he said (once on a time)
Properly, the same as the base of phos and phaino; to show or make known one’s thoughts, i.e. Speak or say – affirm, say. Compare lego.
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Original Word: λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command.
légō (originally, “lay down to sleep,” used later of “laying an argument to rest,” i.e. bringing a message to closure; see Curtius, Thayer) – properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, “laying it to rest”).
ἀνήρ
ἀνδρός
ἄνθρωπος
Opposed to: νήπιος
A HUSBAND - BOUND TO THE LAW
A man having acquired an education, and hence having become enlighten by the teachings of Christ.
Original Word: ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: anér Phonetic Spelling: (an'-ayr) Definition: a man Usage: a male human being; a man, husband.
brethren* (13), gentlemen (1), husband (39), husbands (13), man (71), man’s (2), men (70), virgin* (1).
with a reference to sex, and so to distinguish a man from a woman; either a. as a male or as a husband.
with a reference to age, and to distinguish an adult man from a boy.
where angels or other heavenly beings are said to have borne the forms of men.
A primary word (compare anthropos); a man (properly as an individual male) – fellow, husband, man, sir.
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ἄνθρωπος
probably from anér and óps (eye, face)
from God, from Christ as divine, and from angels.
The flesh conjoined to the wisdom, intelligence and enlightenment “being the Logos” as the Pre-Incarnate Christ which is the “deposit of the Saints”
The flesh having been educated of Christ.
The flesh under the guidance of Christ.
The incarnate Logos now operative in the flesh of an educated man.
With a reference to the twofold nature of man. ὁ ἔσω and ὁ ἔξω ἄνθρωπος, soul and body.
With a reference to the twofold moral condition of man, ὁ παλαιός (the corrupt) and ὁ καινός (ὁ νέος) ἄνθρωπος (the truly Christian man, conformed to the nature of God)
Original Word: ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: anthrópos Phonetic Spelling: (anth'-ro-pos) Definition: a man, human, mankind Usage: a man, one of the human race.
ánthrōpos – man, also the generic term for “mankind”; the human race; people, including women and men (Mt 4:19, 12:12, etc.).
(anthrōpos) relates to both genders (male and female) as both are created in the image of God – each equally vested with individual personhood and destiny.
[444 /ánthrōpos (“man”) answers to the Hebrew term, ̓adam – and 435 (anḗr) answers to the Hebrew term ̓ish.
K. Wuest, “There are two words in Greek which mean ‘man,’ anēr, which refers to a male individual of the human reace, and anthrōpos, which is the racial, generic term, and which has the general idea of ‘mankind’ “
Universally, with reference to the genus or nature, without distinction of sex, a human being, whether male or female: John 16:21. And in this sense a. with the article, generically, so as to include all human individuals.
So that a man is distinguished from beings of a different race or order; α. from animals, plants.
ἄνθρωπος signifies father of a family, husband, son, servant.
ἄνθρωπος is joined to another substantive — a quasi-predicate of office, or employment, or characteristic — the idea of the predicate predominating.
ἄνθρωπος τοῦ Θεοῦ a man devoted to the service of God, God’s minister.
of the evangelists, the associates of the apostles.
αἰτῐ́ᾱ
CAUSE
From αἰτέω (“to ask”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun suffix)
Verb
αἰτῐ́ᾱ • (aitíā) f (genitive αἰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension.
Ask - What - Why - How - Where - When - Who.
Charge, accusation, imputation, blame, guilt, fault.
(in a good sense) credit.
expostulation, admonition.
(philosophy) cause.
occasion, opportunity, motive.
Category.
Explanation.
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CAUSE
from Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)
in Middle English also “a thing”
borrowed from Old French cause (“a cause, a thing”)
(countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.
Sufficient reason for a state, as of emotion.
(countable) A goal, aim or principle, especially one which transcends purely selfish ends.
(countable, obsolete) Any subject of discussion or debate; a matter; an affair.
(countable, law) A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.
Reason.
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MOTIVE
Wish Intent Desire Want Desired Outcome. Desired Result. Passion. Purpose. What for? What will become of it? What are the intended consequences?
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Middle English sake (“cause, reason”)
from Old English sacu (“cause”)
sacu f (nominative plural sace or saca)
dispute, strife, contention
crime, sin
From Proto-Germanic *sakō. *sakō f quarrel charge, case, lawsuit thing, matter.
From *sakaną (“to quarrel, to argue, to debate”).
*sakaną
to charge, dispute.
From Pre-Germanic *sh₂g-
From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-
*seh₂g-
to seek out.
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LATIN
Latin: sāgus (“prophetic”)
sagus m (genitive sagī); second declension Archaic form of sagum.
sagum n (genitive sagī); second declension sagum, a military cloak.
From earlier sagus
from Ancient Greek σάγος (“cloak”, “coat”)
σᾰ́γος • (ságos) m (genitive σᾰ́γου); second declension (Koine)
(Koine) cloak
(Koine) coat, habit (garment)
Probably of Gaulish origin.
sagum (plural sagums or saga)
(historical) A cloak, worn in ancient times by the Gauls, early Germans, and Roman soldiers, made of a rectangular piece of (usually red) coarse cloth and fastened on the right shoulder.
sāgus (feminine sāga, neuter sāgum); first/second declension
Adjective
divining, prophetic.
sāgiō (present infinitive sāgīre, perfect active sāgīvī, supine sāgītum); fourth conjugation
Verb
I perceive quickly or keenly with the senses
I perceive acutely with the intellect.
From Proto-Italic *sāgiō, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂gyeti (“to seek out, to track”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “I guide, lead”), Gothic 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sōkjan), and English seek.
*séh₂gyeti (imperfective)
to give a sign.
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “I guide, lead”)
Cognates with English seek
seek (third-person singular simple present seeks, present participle seeking, simple past and past participle sought)
(transitive) To try to find; to look for; to search for.
(transitive) To ask for; to solicit; to beseech.
(transitive) To try to acquire or gain; to strive after; to aim at.
(intransitive, obsolete) To go, move, travel (in a given direction).
(transitive) To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to.
(intransitive, computing) To navigate through a stream.
(transitive) To attempt, endeavour, try.
To look for.
Cognates Greek ἡγέομαι • (hēgéomai)
I go before, precede; I lead the way, guide.
I lead (dative) in (genitive)
(with accusative) I am leader (in a thing)
I lead, command in war.
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DISPUTE
dispute (plural disputes)
An argument or disagreement, a failure to agree.
Verbal controversy; contest by opposing argument or expression of opposing views or claims; controversial discussion; altercation; debate.
From Middle English disputen, from Old French desputer (French disputer), from Latin disputāre (“to dispute, discuss, examine, compute, estimate”), from dis- (“apart”) + putāre (“to reckon, consider, think, originally make clean, clear up”), related to purus (“pure”).
Latin - putō (present infinitive putāre, perfect active putāvī, supine putātum); first conjugation
Verb
I clean, cleanse
I trim, prune, lop
(figuratively) I arrange, settle
(figuratively) I value, esteem, deem, regard, consider.
(figuratively) I judge, suspect, suppose
(figuratively) I ponder, consider, think about
Synonym: cōgitō
cōgitō
I THINK
cōgitō (present infinitive cōgitāre, perfect active cōgitāvī, supine cōgitātum); first conjugation
I think.
From con- + agitō.
con- +
From preposition cum (“with”).
con-
Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects.
Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word.
agitō
From agō (“do, act, make”) + -itō.
From Ancient Greek ἄγω (“I lead”)
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti (to be driving)
agō (present infinitive agere, perfect active ēgī, supine āctum); third conjugation
I do, act, make, behave.
-itō
Forms frequentative verbs from existing verbs.
agitō (present infinitive agitāre, perfect active agitāvī, supine agitātum); first conjugation
From Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”),
I put something in motion, drive, impel; drive by rowing, row about; shake, throb.
I brandish, wield.
(of cattle) I drive, conduct; tend, control.
(of animals) I hunt, chase, pursue.
I drive to and fro, toss about, agitate, disturb.
I rouse or stir up, excite, move, urge, drive or impel someone to something, insist on.
I disturb, disquiet, provoke, agitate, vex, trouble, torment.
I reprove, assail, blame, decry, scoff, deride, insult, mock.
I am engaged in, do, accomplish, have, hold, keep; celebrate; practise, exercise.
(of time) I pass, spend.
I live, dwell, abide, sojourn.
(of the mind) I drive at something in the mind; turn over, study, weigh, consider, meditate upon.
(of the mind) I am occupied with, devise, contrive, plot, design, intend.
I deliberate upon, confer about, discuss, debate, investigate.
(with sat (enough) and genitive) I have enough to do, have trouble with, I am fully engaged in.
φαίνω
φανερόω
φανερός
φωτός
φῶς
MAKE KNOWN - BRING TO LIGHT
Original Word: φανερόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: phaneroó Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-o'-o) Definition: to make visible, make clear Usage: I make clear (visible, manifest), make known.
5319 phaneróō (from 5457 /phṓs, “light”) – properly, illumine, make manifest (visible); (figuratively) make plain, in open view; to become apparent (“graspable”).
1 Jn 3:2: “Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not appeared as yet what we will be. We know that if (Gk ean) He becomes manifest (5319 /phaneróō), we will be like Him, because (hoti) we will see Him just as (Gk kathōs) He is.”
(φανερός); to make manifest or visible or known what has been hidden or unknown, to manifest, whether by words, or deeds, or in any other way.
passive used of something hitherto non-existent but now made actual and visible, realized.
to bring to light or make manifest, by the advent, life, death, resurrection, of Jesus Christ.
to make known by teaching.
with an accusative of the person, to expose to view, make manifest, show one: ἑαυτόν τῷ κόσμῳ, of Christ coming forth from his retirement in Galilee and showing himself publicly at Jerusalem.
τοῖς μαθηταῖς, of the risen Christ, John 21:1; passive, to be made manifest, to show oneself, appear.
of Christ previously hidden from view in heaven but after his incarnation made visible on earth as a man among men.
ἡ ζωή (the life embodied in Christ; the centre and source of life)
Passive, to become known, to be plainly recognized, thoroughly understood: who and what one is.
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Original Word: φανερός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: phaneros Phonetic Spelling: (fan-er-os') Definition: visible, manifest Usage: apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly.
apparent (1), disclosed (2), evident (6), light (2), obvious (1), outward (1), outwardly* (1), tell (2), well known (2).
to make one known, i. e.) disclose who and what he is.
From phaino; shining, i.e. Apparent (literally or figuratively); neuter (as adverb) publicly, externally – abroad, + appear, known, manifest, open (+ -ly), outward (+ -ly).
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Original Word: φαίνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: phainó
Phonetic Spelling: (fah’-ee-no)
Definition: to bring to light, to cause to appear
Usage: (a) act: I shine, shed light, (b) pass: I shine, become visible, appear, (c) I become clear, appear, seem, show myself as.
to bring forth into the light, cause to shine; to show.
to become evident, to be brought forth into light, come to view, appear.
to meet the eyes, strike the sight, become clear or manifest.
to appear to the mind, seem to one’s judgment or opinion.
Prolongation for the base of phos; to lighten (shine), i.e. Show (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative) – appear, seem, be seen, shine, X think.
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Original Word: φῶς, φωτός, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: phós Phonetic Spelling: (foce) Definition: light Usage: light, a source of light, radiance.
τό φῶς οὐκ ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῷ, the light (i. e. illumining power) is not in him, consequently he does not see or distinguish the filings about him, John 11:10; the light emitted by a lamp, Luke 8:16; ( L Tr text WH). a heavenly light, such as surrounds angels when they appear on earth: hence, ἄγγελος φωτός.
by metonymy, anything emitting light: a heavenly luminary (or star)
a lamp or torch.
The extremely delicate, subtile, pure, brilliant quality of light has led to the use of φῶς as an appellation of God, i. e. as by nature incorporeal, spotless, holy.
φῶς is used to denote truth and its knowledge, together with the spiritual purity congruous with it (opposed to τό σκότος b., ἡ σκοτία, which see): ἡ ζωή ἦν τό φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, had the nature of light in men, i. e. became the source of human wisdom, John 1:4; especially the saving truth embodied in Christ and by his love and effort imparted to mankind.
οἴομαι
ᾠήθη
IMAGINE - SUPPOSE - SUPPOSITION
EDUCATED GUESS
to suppose, think, deem, imagine.
ᾠήθη
aorist passive indicative 3 sg.
οἴομαι • (oíomai)
Verb
to suppose
to look for a contingency; to hope, fear, expect
when the event rests with oneself, to purpose or will
to express full persuasion, either modestly or ironically
of an opinion or judgment, to deem, conceive, imagine.
(transitive) to wait for, look for.
English : thought that (1), believed (1), supposed that (1)
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SUPPOSITION
supposition (countable and uncountable, plural suppositions)
Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture.
The act or an instance of supposing.
From Middle English supposicioun,
from Anglo-Norman supposicion,
from Latin suppositiō, suppositiōnem (“supposition”),
from sub- (“under”) + positiō, positiōnem (“position; theme”),
from positus (“position”),
from the perfect passive participle of pōnō, pōnere (“put, place”).
positiō f (genitive positiōnis); third declension Noun position, place framing theme planting (of crops) lie (of land) attitude
positus m (feminine posita, neuter positum); first/second declension
Participle
placed
ordained
pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation Verb I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp)
From Proto-Italic *poznō. Equivalent to po- + sinō. po- Prefix off, away
From Proto-Indo-European
*h₂pó
off, away, from
From Proto-Indo-European
*h₂epó
off, away, from
From Ancient Greek: ἀπό (apó) ᾰ̓πό • (apó) (governs the genitive) Preposition from, away from because of, as a result of
From Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”),
From Latin ab (“from”)
From Proto-Slavic *po
From Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Adverb behind afterwards 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Prefix back, again, further
From Old English æf (“of”),
æf
Prepisition
of [+dative]
From English: off
off (not comparable)
Adverb
In a direction away from the speaker or object.
Into a state of non-operation; into a state of non-existence.
So as to be removed or separated.
From Latin - ab (+ ablative) Preposition from, away from, out of down from at, on, in (time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of
σύμβαση
συμβατικός
CONVENTION - AGREEMENT - SAME P.O.V.
COME TOGETHER
convene (v.)
early 15c., (intransitive) “to come together, meet in the same place,” usually for some public purpose, from Old French convenir “to come together; to suit, agree,” from Latin convenire “to come together, meet together, assemble; unite, join, combine; agree with, accord; be suitable or proper (to),” from assimilated form of com “with, together” (see con-) + venire “to come,” from a suffixed form of PIE root *gwa- “to go, come.”
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σύμβαση - convention
συμβατικός - conventional
From σύμ and βάση
From Ancient Greek βάσις (básis)
from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis.
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βάση • (vási) f (plural βάσεις)
base, foundation (the lowest part of something) βάση για μακιγιάζ (makeup foundation) (chemistry) base basis (underlying reason) base (the lowest part of something)
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βάση για μακιγιάζ f (“makeup foundation”)
βάση δεδομένων (“database”)
βασικός (“fundamental”)
βασικό n (“basic thing”)
βασικά (“basically”)
βασίζω ("to base”)
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βᾰ́σῐς • (básis) f (genitive βᾰ́σεως); third declension
step
rhythm
foot
foundation, base
τρία Μύρωνος ἔργα κολοσσικὰ ἱδρυμένα ἐπὶ μιᾶς βάσεως (Strabo Geog 14.1.14)
(geometry) one of the three sides of a triangle
fixedness.
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (English come).
Synchronically analyzable as βαίνω (“I go”) + -σις.
-σῐς •
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
*gʷémtis f (oblique stem *gʷm̥téy-)
step, act of walking.
From *gʷem- (“to step”) + *-tis.
*(é)-tis f
Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots.
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ENGLISH - STEP
step (plural steps)
An advance or movement made from one foot to the other; a pace.
A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a rung of a ladder.
A distinct part of a process; stage; phase.
The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running.
A small space or distance.
A print of the foot; a footstep; a footprint; track.
Proceeding; measure; action; act.
(kinematics) A change of position effected by a motion of translation.
(programming) A constant difference between consecutive values in a series.
Printing from 0 to 9 with a step of 3 will display 0, 3, 6 and 9.
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FROM ENGLISH - FOUNDATION
foundation (countable and uncountable, plural foundations)
The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.
That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding.
(figuratively) The result of the work to begin something; that which stabilizes and allows an enterprise or system to develop.
(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.
A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.
That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity.
FROM OLD ENGLISH Old English ġēotan. ġēotan Verb to pour, gush Hēo ġēat meoloc on þæt glæs. She poured milk into the glass. tēaras ġēotan to shed tears to cast, found (metal) Sēo anlīcnes wearþ fram þām cræftigan selfum ġegoten. The statue was cast by the artist himself.
FROM LATIN
fundātiō f (genitive fundātiōnis); third declension
The act of founding; foundation.
From fundō (“found, establish”) + -tiō.
+ -tiō
used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, limited passive Verb (transitive) I pour out, shed (military) I rout, scatter (transitive) I found, make by smelting (transitive, figuratively) I moisten, wet (transitive) I extend, spread out (transitive) I utter
From Proto-Italic *hundō
*hundō
Verb
pour out.
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd-. *ǵʰewd- to pour. *ǵʰew- to pour.
FROM GREEK χέω • (khéō) Verb (of liquids) I pour I shed (of tears) I smelt, cast (of metal) (passive) I become liquid, melt, dissolve (of solids) I scatter, shed I throw up (of soil) I shower (of spears) I let fall, drop (passive) I am heaped up, mounded I move together, stream (perfect, passive) I am engaged, absorbed in.
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew-. Cognates include Sanskrit जुहोति (juhóti), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundō, fūtis and Old English ġēotan, guttas (English gut).
FROM SANSKRIT जुहोति • (juhóti) (root हु, class 3, type P, present) Verb to sprinkle on to worship or honor with to sacrifice to to offer or present an oblation. From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́uźʰáwti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĵʰuĵʰáwti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-ǵʰéw-ti, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χέω (khéō), Old Armenian ձեւ (jew), Latin fundo, German gießen.
हु • (hu) Verb to sprinkle on to sacrifice to offer an oblation. जुहोति (juhoti, “to sprinkle on”) जोहवीति (johavīti, “to offer oblations”) हूयते (hūyate, “to be offered”) जोहूयते (johūyate) From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰaw-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ĵʰaw-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”).
FROM GERMAN
gießen
from Proto-Germanic *geutaną (“to pour”)
cognates include Latin fundō (“to pour, to smelt”), Ancient Greek χέω (khéō, “to pour”) and Sanskrit जुहोति (juhóti, “he sacrifices”)
(transitive) to pour; usually only of liquids, especially of large quantities.
(transitive) to pour; to cast; to found (shape molten metal or glass by pouring)
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βασικά • (vasiká) basically Related terms see: βάση (vási, “base, basis”) Adjective βασικά • (vasiká) Adverb form Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of βασικός (vasikós).
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βασικός • (vasikós) m (feminine βασική, neuter βασικό)
Adjective form
basic, fundamental, primary.
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βασίζω • (vasízo) simple past βάσισα passive βασίζομαι Verb form base βασισμένα στην εμπειρία ― based on experience
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βασίζομαι • (vasízomai) passive (simple past βασίστηκα, active βασίζω)
Passive Verb form
passive form of βασίζω (vasízo).
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βασίστηκα • (vasístika)
Passive Verb form
1st person singular simple past form of βασίζομαι (vasízomai).
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βάσισα • (vásisa)
Simple Past Verb form
1st person singular simple past form of βασίζω (vasízo).
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βάσεις • (váseis) f
Noun form
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of βάση (vási).
δεδομένο
στοιχείο
DATA - PEICE OF INFORMATION
δεδομένο • (dedoméno) n (plural δεδομένα)
Noun
(sciences, mathematics) item of data, piece of information.
βάση δεδομένων (“database”)
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στοῖχος • (stoîkhos) m (genitive στοίχου); second declension
Noun
row in an ascending series.
(architecture) the first course of masonry steps.
(architecture) course of bricks.
file of persons marching one behind another, as in a procession.
(of ships, columns)
(of soldiers, file)
row of columns.
στοιχείο • (stoicheío) n (plural στοιχεία)
Noun
unit, element, cell (a portion of a whole)
(chemistry) element
(sciences, mathematics) item of data, piece of information
(typography) letter, piece of type
(electricity) cell, battery
(statistics) subset of a population.
στοιχεῖον • (stoikheîon) n (genitive στοιχείου); second declension
Noun.
(properly) one of a row.
(generally) one of a series, a component part, an element.
στοιχεῖον
a simple sound of the voice, as the first element of language; an elementary sound, as distinct from a letter (γράμμα, grámma)
(physics, usually in the plural) any one of the component parts of matter, an element.
(Aristotelianism) the material cause of a thing, as opposed to the formal or motive cause (ἀρχή)
(in the plural) the elements of knowledge and the sciences.
(geometry) points, lines, surfaces.
(arithmetic) units.
(grammar) parts of speech.
(logic) the major premisses of syllogisms.
(generally) a simple or elementary principle.
(in later writers) a planet, (especially) a sign of the Zodiac.
(physics: component part of matter, element)
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στοιχείωμᾰ • (stoikheíōma) n (genitive στοιχειώμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
an element, a principle.
(in the plural) the signs of the Zodiac.
(sign of the Zodiac): στοιχειώμᾰτᾰ
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ζῠγόν • (zugón) n (genitive ζῠγοῦ); second declension
yoke, for joining animals
yoke, burden
in general, anything which joins two pieces together: cross-bar, plank, beam
the balancing beam of a scale; the scale itself
rank (of soldiers)
ζυγός • (zygós) m (plural ζυγοί)
As a Noun
scales, balance (for weighing)
yoke
ζυγός • (zygós) m (feminine ζυγή, neuter ζυγό)
As an Adjective
(mathematics) even
μονά ή ζυγά (odds or evens)
2, 4, 6… είναι ζυγοί αριθμοί (2, 4, 6… are even numbers)
twin
αζύγιαστος (“not weighed, not calculated”)
αζύγιστος (“not weghed, not calculated”)
αντιζυγία f (κατ’ αντιζυγία (kat’ antizygía)
βρεφοζυγός m (“weighing machine for babies”)
διαζύγιο n (diazýgio)
δίζυγο n (dízygo) (gymnastics)
εξωσυζυγικός (exosyzygikós)
εφ’ ενός ζυγού (ef’ enós zygoú)
ζυγαριά f (“scales, balance, weighing machine”)
ζύγι n (“weight”)
ζυγίζω (“I weigh”)
ζύγισμα n (“weighing”)
Ζυγός m (“Libra”)
ζυγοσταθμίζω n (zygostathmízo)
ζυγώνω (zygóno)
ζυγώτης m (zygótis) (biology)
ισοζύγιο n (isozýgio)
μονόζυγο n (monózygo) (gymnastics)
πολύζυγο n (polýzygo) (gymnastics)
συζυγία f (syzygía)
συζυγικός (syzygikós)
σύζυγος (“spouse”) (masculine & feminine)
του Έλληνος ο τράχηλος ζυγόν δεν υπομένει (tou Éllinos o tráchilos zygón den ypoménei)
τους ζυγούς λύσατε (tous zygoús lýsate)
υποζύγιο (ypozýgio)
and see: ζυγίζω (zygízo), ζυγώνω, ζεύγος, ζεύγμα, ζεύξη
ζεύγος • (zévgos) n (plural ζεύγη)
Noun
(of things, abstractions) (formal) pair to be used or joined together
(of persons) couple usually married, or acting together
(antique) two animals joined together for ploughing.
ζευγάρι • (zevgári) n (plural ζευγάρια)
Noun
couple, pair
(of things)
(of people) married or in romantic liaison, or acting together.
pair of animals tied together (e.g. for ploughing)
a pair of male and female animals.
(of matching things) the other member of a pair.
ζεύγνῡμῐ • (zeúgnūmi) Verb (active) To yoke, saddle, bridle a beast of burden (horses, cattle, mules; to get ready (a chariot) (middle) To have one's beasts yoked To fasten tightly To join or link together To join in wedlock (active or middle) To build a bridge from bank to bank To furnish ships with crossbenches To pair gladiators.
Ζεύξιππος
Ζεύξῐππος • (Zeúxippos) m (genitive Ζευξῐ́ππου); second declension
Noun
A male given name, equivalent to English Zeuxippus.
From ζεύγνῡμῐ (“to yoke”) + ῐ̔́ππος (“horse”) + -ος
- perhaps “horse-yoker”.
διαζύγιο • (diazýgio) n (plural διαζύγια)
Noun
divorce (dissolution of a marriage)
ζυγά-ζυγά (zygá-zygá, “two by two”)
αζύγιστος • (azýgistos) m (feminine αζύγιστη, neuter αζύγιστο) unweighed, untared (figuratively) unconsidered. UNTARED Adjective not tared, not weighed TARED Adjective Weighed; determined; reduced to equal or standard weight. TARE (plural tares) Noun The empty weight of a container; the tare weight or unladen weight.
ζυγίζω • (zygízo) (simple past ζύγισα, passive ζυγίζομαι)
Verb form
weigh
weigh up, size up.
ζυγαριά • (zygariá) f (plural ζυγαριές)
Noun
scales, balance, pair of scales (for weighing)
(figuratively) balance.
ζυγός (zygós, “balance, scale”) + -αριά (-ariá)
ζύγι • (zýgi) n (plural ζύγια) Noun weight ένα ζύγι του 1 κιλού 1 kilogram weight plumb bob.
Ζυγός • (Zygós) m Noun (astronomy) the constellation Libra (astrology) the astrological sign Libra. From Latin lībra (“scales, balance”). (astronomy) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a set of scales.
ισοζύγιο • (isozýgio) n (plural ισοζύγια)
Noun
(finance) balance
μονόζυγο • (monózygo) n
Noun
(gymnastics) horizontal bar (bar or event)
(rare, colloquial) horizontal ladder.
συζυγικός • (syzygikós) m (feminine συζυγική, neuter συζυγικό)
As an Adjective.
conjugal, married, marital, connubial.
Pairs of opposites that depend on each-other for meaning.
σύζυγος • (sýzygos) m or f (plural σύζυγοι)
Noun
spouse (husband or wife)
(in the plural) couple (husband and wife)
συζυγία f (“conjugation”)
συζυγικός (“conjugal, married”, adjective)
συζώ (“to live together”)
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SUFFIX
-αριά • (-ariá) f
used to indicate an approximate age or amount:
δέκα (déka, “ten”) + -αριά (-ariá) → δεκαριά (dekariá, “around ten, about ten”)
είκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + -αριά (-ariá) → εικοσαριά (eikosariá, “around twenty, about twenty”)
used to indicate a device which uses or causes the noun it is suffixed to:
κλειδί (kleidí, “key”) + -αριά (-ariá) → κλειδαριά (kleidariá, “lock, padlock”)
ζυγός (zygós, “balance, scale”) + -αριά (-ariá) → ζυγαριά (zygariá, “scales”)
ψήνω (psíno, “to roast, to cook”) + -αριά (-ariá) → ψησταριά (psistariá, “rotisserie, barbecue”)
added to a fruit/plant/body organ noun, to create words for trees/plants that produce it or when it is used (in the case of body organs) as food
pine (pine, “κουκουνάρι”) + -αριά (-ariá) → κουκουναριά (koukounariá, “pine tree”)
λυγίζω (lygízo, “to bend”) + -αριά (-ariá) → λυγαριά (lygariá, “osier, wicker”)
συκώτι (sykóti, “liver”) + -αριά (-ariá) → συκωταριά (sykotariá, “offal, entrails”)
μένος
MIND
μένος • (ménos) n (genitive μένεος or μένους); third declension Noun mind desire, ardor, wish, purpose anger courage, spirit, vigor power, strength, force violence.
From Proto-Hellenic *ménos, from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬋 (manō) and Sanskrit मनस् (mánas).
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SANSKRIT
मनस् • (mánas) n
mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers), intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, sense, conscience, will
the spirit or spiritual principle, the breath or living soul which escapes from the body at death
thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit
name of the 26th kalpa (कल्प)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mánas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas, from Proto-Indo-European *ménos, from *men- (“to think”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 (manah), Ancient Greek μένος (ménos), Latin mēns.
from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas
*mánas n
Noun
mind, intellect, thought.
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LATIN
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OLD PERSIAN
𐎶𐎴𐏃
𐎶𐎴𐏃 (m-n-h /manah/) n
mind, thought.
𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡 (h-x-a-m-n-i /haxāmani/, literally “friendly-minded”) (personal name)
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DERIVED TERMS
Ἀλκᾰμένης (Alkaménēs) δῠσμενής (dusmenḗs) Εὐθυμένης (Euthuménēs) Εὐμένης (Euménēs) Εὐμενῐ́δες (Eumenídes) Ῑ̓δομένη (Īdoménē) Ῐ̔ππομένης (Hippoménēs) Μένᾰνδρος (Ménandros) Μενέλᾱος (Menélāos) Μενέσθης (Menésthēs) Μενέσθιος (Menésthios) Μενίππη (Meníppē) Μένιππος (Ménippos) Μενοικεύς (Menoikeús) Μενοίτῐος (Menoítios) Τισαμενός (Tisamenós)
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Ἀλκᾰμένης
From ἀλκή (“strength”) + μένος (“might”) + -ης
-ης
Form third declension proper nouns or adjectives.
ἀλκή • (alkḗ) f (genitive ἀλκῆς); first declension
prowess, force
defense, guard
battle, fight.
δῠσμενής • (dusmenḗs) m or f (neuter δῠσμενές); third declension
Adjective
hostile [+dative or genitive = to someone]
(substantive) enemy [+dative or genitive = of someone]
from *dus- + *ménos (“mind, thought”), from *men- (“think”).
Equivalent to δῠσ- + μένος (“spirit”) + -ής (adjective suffix).
δῠσ- • (dus-)
Prefix
bad, hard, unfortunate.
Εὐθυμένης From εὐθύς + μένος + -ης εὐθῠ́ς • (euthús) m (feminine εὐθεῖᾰ, neuter εὐθῠ́); first/third declension Adjective straight, direct (in a moral sense) straightforward, open, frank εὐθῠ́ς • (euthús) Adverb (of place) straight simply in the face of (of time) straightaway, forthwith, at once (of manner) directly, simply.
Εὐμενῐ́δες (Eumenídes)
Male Given Name
From Ancient Greek Εὐμενίδες (“gracious ones”).
(Greek mythology) The Erinyes.
Erinyes (singular Erinys)
(Greek mythology) The goddesses of vengeance; they were also known to accompany Nemesis. Their Roman counterparts were the Dirae.
Synonym: Furies
Hyponyms: Alecto, Megaera, Tisiphone
Coordinate term: Dirae
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῑνύες (Erīnúes, literally “Avengers”), Furies.
Μένανδρος • (Ménandros) m (genitive Μενάνδρου); second declension
Proper noun
A male given name, equivalent to English Menander.
From μένος (“force”) + ἀνήρ (“man”) + -ος
-ος •
Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun.
Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.
δῠσ-
DYS - BAD - HARD - UNFORTUNATE
DYS-FUNCTIONAL SUFFIX
δῠσ- • (dus-)
Prefix
bad, hard, unfortunate.
Ancient Greek δυσ- (“bad, ill, difficult”, prefix).
More at dys-
From Latin dys- dys- Prefix bad status malfunctioning. From Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) expressing the idea of difficulty, or bad status.
From Proto-Indo-European *dus-.
Cognate to Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”)
English tore.
tore (comparative more tore, superlative most tore)
(dialectal or obsolete) Hard, difficult; wearisome, tedious.
(dialectal or obsolete) Strong, sturdy; great, massive.
(dialectal or obsolete) Full; rich.
-ος
FORMS ACTION NOUNS
ONE WHO PERFORMS THE VERB
-ος • (-os) m (genitive -ου); second declension
Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun.
From Proto-Indo-European *-os.
*(ó)-os m
Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or action of that verb.
-ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension
Suffix
Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.
Added to the zero-grade.
ἔπᾰθον (épathon, “I experienced”, aorist) + -ος (-os) → πᾰ́θος (páthos, “experience, emotion”)
Added to the e-grade.
μείρομαι (meíromai, “to receive as one’s portion”) + -ος (-os) → μέρος (méros, “part”)
Etymology 3
Edit
Suffix
Edit
-ος • (-os)
Nominative singular of masculine and feminine second-declension nouns
ἄνθρωπος m or f (ánthrōpos, “person”)
Masculine nominative singular of first- and second-declension adjectives
ἄλλος m (állos, “other”)
Masculine and feminine nominative singular of second-declension adjectives
ἄδικος m or f (ádikos, “unjust”)
Nominative, accusative, and vocative singular of some neuter third-declension nouns
γένος n (génos, “kind”)
Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension nouns
ὀνόματος n (onómatos, “of a name”)
Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension masculine or neuter adjectives
παντός m or n (pantós, “of the whole of”)
υπόθεση
HYPOTHESIS - SUPPOSITION
υπόθεση
case, hypothesis, assumption, matter, affair, supposition.
υπόθεση • (ypóthesi) f (plural υποθέσεις)
business, matter, affair
(law) case
(sciences, mathematics) hypothesis, conjecture
Υπόθεση Αβογκάντρο ― Ypóthesi Avogkántro ― Avogadro’s hypothesis
(film) plot
assumption.
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HYPOTHESIS
ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension Noun proposal suggestion, advice purpose occasion, excuse, pretext actor's role function, occupation, station placing under base (thing placed under another)
(general) An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation.
(grammar) The antecedent of a conditional statement.
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HYPOTHESIS DEFINITION
2005, Ronald H. Pine (from an article concerning intelligent design)
Far too many of us have been taught in school that a scientist, in the course of trying to figure something out, will first come up with a “hypothesis” (a guess or surmise—not necessarily even an “educated” guess). … [But t]he word “hypothesis” should be used, in science, exclusively for a reasoned, sensible, knowledge-informed explanation for why some phenomenon exists or occurs. An hypothesis can be as yet untested; can have already been tested; may have been falsified; may have not yet been falsified, although tested; or may have been tested in a myriad of ways countless times without being falsified; and it may come to be universally accepted by the scientific community. An understanding of the word “hypothesis,” as used in science, requires a grasp of the principles underlying Occam’s Razor and Karl Popper’s thought in regard to “falsifiability”—including the notion that any respectable scientific hypothesis must, in principle, be “capable of” being proven wrong (if it should, in fact, just happen to be wrong), but none can ever be proved to be true. One aspect of a proper understanding of the word “hypothesis,” as used in science, is that only a vanishingly small percentage of hypotheses could ever potentially become a theory.
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SUPPOSITION
supposition (countable and uncountable, plural suppositions)
Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture.
The act or an instance of supposing.
From Middle English supposicioun,
from Anglo-Norman supposicion,
from Latin suppositiō, suppositiōnem (“supposition”),
from sub- (“under”) + positiō, positiōnem (“position; theme”),
from positus (“position”),
from the perfect passive participle of pōnō, pōnere (“put, place”).
positiō f (genitive positiōnis); third declension Noun position, place framing theme planting (of crops) lie (of land) attitude
positus m (feminine posita, neuter positum); first/second declension
Participle
placed
ordained
pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation Verb I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp)
From Proto-Italic *poznō. Equivalent to po- + sinō. po- Prefix off, away
From Proto-Indo-European
*h₂pó
off, away, from
From Proto-Indo-European
*h₂epó
off, away, from
From Ancient Greek: ἀπό (apó) ᾰ̓πό • (apó) (governs the genitive) Preposition from, away from because of, as a result of
From Sanskrit अप (ápa, “away, off”),
From Latin ab (“from”)
From Proto-Slavic *po
From Hittite 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Adverb behind afterwards 𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa) Prefix back, again, further
From Old English æf (“of”),
æf
Prepisition
of [+dative]
From English: off
off (not comparable)
Adverb
In a direction away from the speaker or object.
Into a state of non-operation; into a state of non-existence.
So as to be removed or separated.
From Latin - ab (+ ablative) Preposition from, away from, out of down from at, on, in (time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of
ψεύδω
Opposed to πείθω and ἀληθής and bīdan
PSUEDO - FALSE - FAULT - DECEIVE
Confuse - “to muck it up” - to delude.
Admixture.
To “mix it up” for the purpose of committing fraud.
Original Word: ψευδής, ές Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: pseudés Phonetic Spelling: (psyoo-dace') Definition: lying, false Usage: false, deceitful, lying, untrue.
Original Word: ψεύδομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: pseudomai Phonetic Spelling: (psyoo'-dom-ahee) Definition: to lie Usage: I deceive, lie, speak falsely. from pseudō, "to falsify, lie") – properly, lie (falsify), willfully misrepresent (mislead). Middle voice of an apparently primary verb; to utter an untruth or attempt to deceive by falsehood -- falsely, lie.
ψεύδω • (pseúdō) Verb (active) to lie, deceive (middle, indirect reflexive) to lie for one's own benefit, cheat by lies (passive) to be lied to, be cheated (non-agentive) to be mistaken, be wrong.
ψευδής • (pseudḗs) m or f (neuter ψευδές); third declension
Adjective
lying, false, untrue
deceived, beguiled.
From the root of ψεύδω (“to lie”) + -ής (adjective suffix).
SUFFIX
-ής
Forms third-declension adjectives with stems in -εσ-
ψεύτικος
ψέμα • (pséma) n (plural ψέματα)
lie, that which is “the lie”.
From Byzantine Greek ψεῦμα (pseûma), from Koine Greek ψεῦσμα, a derivative of Ancient Greek ψεύδω with suffix -μα (a thing).
ψεύδος
lie, falsehood, untruth, stammering, mendacity.
ψεύδομαι • (psévdomai) deponent found only in the present and imperfect tenses
Passive, verb.
lie, tell lies.
ψεύδομαι • (pseúdomai)
Verb
first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of ψεύδω (pseúdō)
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SYNONYMS
καλπικός εσφαλμένος πλαστός κεκρυμμένος μυστικός
Latent Concealed Deceptive Untrue Disobedient
ἀπειθῶν not obeying V-PPA-NMS Original Word: ἀπειθέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: apeitheó Phonetic Spelling: (ap-i-theh'-o) Definition: to disobey Usage: I disobey, rebel, am disloyal, refuse conformity. apeithéō – literally, refuse to be persuaded (by the Lord).
Original Word: ἀπείθεια, ας, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: apeitheia
Phonetic Spelling: (ap-i’-thi-ah)
Definition: disobedience
Usage: willful unbelief, obstinacy, disobedience.
apeítheia(from 1 /A “not” and 3982 /peíthō, “persuaded”) – properly, someone not persuaded, referring to their willful unbelief, i.e. the refusal to be convinced by God’s voice. This is the core-meaning of the entire word-family: 543 (apeítheia), 544 (apeithéō), 545 (apeithḗs). All these cognates focus on man’s decision to reject God’s offers of faith, i.e. refusal to be persuaded in their heart concerning obeying His will (Word).
Original Word: ἀπειθής, ές
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: apeithés
Phonetic Spelling: (ap-i-thace’)
Definition: disobedient
Usage: unbelieving, disobedient, who will not be persuaded.
Cognate: 545 apeithḗs (an adjective) – literally, unwilling to be persuaded (by God) which shows itself in outward disobedience (outward spiritual rebellion); disobedient because unpersuaded.
545 /apeithḗs (“unpersuaded”) begins with the decision to reject what God prefers, with His offer to persuade about His preferred-will (cf. 2307 /thélēma). See 543 (apeitheia).
[Note the root, 3982 /peíthō (“persuade”).]
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SYNONYM
πλαστός • (plastós) m (feminine πλαστή, neuter πλαστό)
invented, artificial
false, spurious, fictitious, counterfeit.
κᾰλῠ́πτω • (kalúptō)
Verb
to cover
to cover, conceal
to cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over
to put over as a covering.
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)
*ḱel-
to cover.
Related to Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”)
Related to Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”)
similar with Ancient Greek κρύπτω
κρύπτω • (krúptō)
to hide, cover.
to conceal, obscure.
From Ancient Greek: κολεός
Κᾰλῠψώ • (Kalupsṓ) f (genitive Κᾰλῠψοῦς); third declension
Calypso
Probably from κᾰλῠ́πτω (“I hide”): “she who conceals”.
(Greek mythology) Calypso (a nymph who ruled the island of Ogygia, on whose shores Odysseus was shipwrecked, whereupon she detained and entertained him for seven years, bearing him the two sons Nausithoüs and Nausinoüs)
probably derived from κᾰλῠ́πτω (“I hide”), thus “she who conceals”.
κέλυφος • (kélyfos) n (plural κελύφη) shell (of mollusks, crustaceans, etc) eggshell nutshell shell, casing (around instrument or mechanism)
Latin: clam (“secretly”)
Latin: cilium (“eyelid”)
κολεός • (koleós) m (genitive κολεοῦ); second declension
Noun
a sword-sheath, a scabbard
a cinerary urn
(in the form κουλεός) the sheath of the heart, the pericardium.
From the Proto-Indo-European *ḱéleti, from *ḱel- (“to cover”)
from Latin color, from Old Latin colos (“covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”). Akin to Latin cēlō (“I hide, conceal”)
From Old English hīw (“color”)
Hue.
hīw n
form, appearance, colour.
From Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“shape, form, appearance, blee”)
Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, hide, beauty, splendour”)
Old Norse hý (“down of birds”)
from Proto-Indo-European *kew- (“skin, complexion”)
Also from hīw f
fortune.
From Old English - blēo n
colour
Ne mihte nān mann seċġan hwilċes blēos hē sīe.
Couldn’t nobody say what color he is.
complexion.
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ANTONYMS
πείθω and ἀληθής
Opposite of πείθω
Verb
I convince or persuade as to the fact of the matter.
From Proto-Hellenic *péitʰō
From earlier *pʰéitʰō
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti.
*péitʰō Verb to believe, to trust to obey to convince, to persuade.
ἀληθής (“true”) ᾰ̓ληθής • (alēthḗs) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓ληθές); third declension Adjective (of things) true, real, genuine (of people) truthful, honest. Antonym - ψευδής (“false, untrue”)
ἀλήθεια • (alḗtheia) f (genitive ἀληθείας); first declension
Noun
not a lie, truth.
From ἀληθής (“true”) + -ιᾰ (abstract noun suffix)
ᾰ̓ληθῶς • (alēthôs)
Adverb
truly, verily (adverb of ἀληθής)
Adverb from ἀληθής (“true”) + -ως (adverb)
SUFFIX
-ως
Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs.
ἀ- (not) + ληθ- (hidden) + -ης (adjective)
→ ᾰ̓ληθής (not concealed)
From Koine Greek: λήθω (“to lurk, lie hid, be concealed”)
λήθω • (lḗthō)
Verb
Alternative form of λανθάνω (lanthánō) used especially in compounds.
From Proto-Indo-European *lh₂-n-dʰ-
From *leh₂- (“to be hidden, be covered”).
*l̥h₂-tós (“hidden”)
From Italic: *latēō (“be hidden”)
From Latin - lateō (present infinitive latēre, perfect active latuī); second conjugation, no passive
Verb
I am concealed or in hiding, lurk, skulk.
Latet anguis in herbā. ― A snake hides in the grass.
Sub nōmine pācis bellum latet. ― War lurks under the name of peace.
I am hidden and in safety.
I keep out of sight.
I live in concealment; live retired.
I escape notice, remain unknown.
Bene quī latuit, bene vīxit. ― He who has well remained unknown has lived well.
I am obscure or unknown, lie hidden.
Id quā ratiōne cōnsecūtus sit latet. ― It is unknown how he obtained that.
From English - latent (not comparable)
From Latin - lateo (“lie hidden”)
Existing or present but concealed or inactive.
(concealed): hidden, invisible
(inactive): dormant.
(pathology, of a virus) remaining in an inactive or hidden phase; dormant.
(biology) lying dormant or hidden until circumstances are suitable for development or manifestation.
From Hittite - 𒌋𒆷𒂊 • (u-la-e)
To hide.
αναλήθεια • (analítheia) f (plural αναλήθειες)
lie, falsehood
Synonym: ψέμα (pséma)
αναληθής (analithís, “untrue, false”, adjective)
αναληθής • (analithís) m (feminine αναληθής, neuter αναληθές)
Adjective
untrue, false
mendacious.
αναλήθεια f (“lie, untruth”)
ψευδολόγος • (psevdológos) m (feminine ψευδολόγος, neuter ψευδολόγο)
Adjective
untrue, false
mendacious.
From ψευδής (“false”) + λέγω (“to say”) + -ος
SUFFIX
-ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension
Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action.
Added to the zero-grade.
ἔπᾰθον (“I experienced”, aorist) + -ος → πᾰ́θος (“experience, emotion”)
Added to the e-grade.
μείρομαι (“to receive as one’s portion”) + -ος → μέρος (“part”)
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OLD ENGLISH (antonym)
From Old English - bīdan from which Old English bīdan (English bide). to wait, to wait for He geþyldum bad. He waited patiently. to stay, to remain Mere stille bad. The sea remained calm.
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”).
From Proto-Germanic *bīdaną
to wait
(+genitive) to wait for, to await.
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”).
*bʰéydʰeti (imperfective)
to trust.
*bʰeydʰ- (imperfective)
to compel, force
to trust.
From Latin: fīdus From Italic: *feiðos faithful, reliable. *feiðō trust.
From English - trust
Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality.
Dependence upon something in the future; hope.
Confidence in the future payment for goods or services supplied; credit.
That which is committed or entrusted; something received in confidence; a charge.
That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope.
(rare) Trustworthiness, reliability.
The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office.
(law) The confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another.
(law) An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another.
(Company) A group of businessmen or traders organised for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees.
(Computing) Affirmation of the access rights of a user of a computer system.
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LATIN
fallo m (plural falli)
fault, error.
fīdus (feminine fīda, neuter fīdum) Adjective trusty, trustworthy, dependable, credible loyal, faithful steadfast certain, safe.
fīdō (present infinitive fīdere, perfect active fīsus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent
Verb
I trust, put confidence in
I rely upon.
From Latin - fidēs f (genitive fideī); fifth declension
Noun
faith, belief (belief without empirical evidence, direct experience, or observation)
reliance (act of relying (on) or trusting)
confidence, trust (confidence in or reliance on some person or quality)
credit (acceptance of the truth of something said or done)
loyalty, fidelity, faith (state of demonstrating undivided and constant support for someone or something)
good faith (good, honest intentions)
honesty (act, quality, or condition of being honest)
guarantee, promise (an assurance of something to be done)
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GREEK
Ancient Greek terms derived from the PIE root *bʰeydʰ-
Π πείθω πεῖσις πιθανός πίστις πιστός
πειθώ • (peithṓ) f (genitive πειθόος or πειθοῦς); third declension
Noun
persuasion.
Appellative of Πειθώ - from πείθω (“I persuade”).
πείθω • (peíthō) Verb (active) I convince, persuade. I succeed through entreaty. I believe, trust in. I trust, rely on.
πεῖσῐς • (peîsis) f (genitive πείσεως); third declension
Noun
persuasion.
From πείθω (“I persuade”) + -σῐς (abstract noun)
-σῐς
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
πῐθᾰνός • (pithanós) m (feminine πῐθᾰνή, neuter πῐθᾰνόν); first/second declension
Adjective
persuasive, influential, winning
plausible, credible
(art) true to nature, natural
easy to persuade, credulous
obedient, docile.
From the root of πείθω (“I persuade”) + -νος (adjective suffix).
SUFFIX
-νος • (-nos) m (feminine -νη, neuter -νον); first/second declension
Added to roots or words to forms adjectives or nouns; often accented on ultima.
From Proto-Indo-European *-nós.
*(Ø)-nós
Creates verbal adjectives from roots.
πῐστός • (pistós) m (feminine πῐστή, neuter πῐστόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(passive) faithful, trusty
(active)
faithful, believing
obedient, loyal.
From πιθ- (pith-) (zero-grade of the root of πείθω (peíthō, “to persuade; to trust”)) + -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix).
SUFFIX
-τος • (-tos) m or f (neuter -τον); second declension
Creates verbal adjectives of possibility, either active or passive (accented on the ultima, -τός)
δύναμαι > δυνατός
can > able (active), doable (passive)
διαλῡ́ω > διαλυτός
dissolve > dissoluble
———
Creates perfective passive verbal adjectives (usually accented recessively)
διαλῡ́ω > διάλυτος
dissolve > dissolved
———
Forms adjectives from nouns (accented recessively)
δάκρυ > ἀ-δάκρυτος
tear > tearless
πειστικός • (peistikós) m (feminine πειστική, neuter πειστικό)
Adjective
persuasive, convincing.
Πείσᾰνδρος • (Peísandros) m (genitive Πεισᾰ́νδρου); second declension
Proper noun
A male given name, equivalent to English Pisander.
Compound of πείθω (“to convince”) + ἀνήρ (“a man”).
ἀπειθέω • (apeithéō) Verb to disobey. ἀ- (“un-”) + πειθ- (“obey”) + -έω (verb suffix) ἀπῐθέω • (apithéō) Epic form of ἀπειθέω (“to disobey”)
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LATIN
mendacious (comparative more mendacious, superlative most mendacious)
(of a person) Lying, untruthful or dishonest.
(of a statement, etc) False or untrue.
Borrowed from Middle French mendacieux, from Latin mendācium (“lie, untruth”), from mendāx (“lying”).
mendāx (genitive mendācis); third declension
deceitful, lying, deceptive, untruthful, false, mendacious, feigned, not real.
Derived from mentior (“I lie, deceive”) + -āx (“inclined to”), or from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“to fault”), whence mendum and menda.
menda f (genitive mendae); first declension
defect, blemish (on the body)
mistake, error, blunder.
From Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“physical defect, fault”), same source as Old Irish mennar (“blemish, stain”).
mentior (present infinitive mentīrī, perfect active mentītus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent
(with dative) I lie, deceive
Cur es ausus mentiri mihi?
How dared you lie to me?
c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 3.5.46
I pretend, feign.
Denominal verb from mēns, mentis (“mind”). The meaning “to lie” stems from a semantic shift “to be inventive, have second thoughts” > “to lie, conjure up”.
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THE SON AS “TRUTH” DESCENDED.
The “son” in this sense is the language and the truth it contains in scripture to “warn and advise” succeeding generations of the calamity that can unfold one or a group of people if they do not heed the warnings from history.
Original Word: υἱός, οῦ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: huios Phonetic Spelling: (hwee-os') Definition: a son Usage: a son, descendent.
5207 hyiós – properly, a son (by birth or adoption); (figuratively) anyone sharing the same nature as their Father. For the believer, becoming a son of God begins with being reborn (adopted) by the heavenly Father – through Christ (the work of the eternal Son). In the NT, 5207 /hyiós (“son”) equally refers to female believers (Gal 3:28).
5207 /hyiós (“son”) emphasizes likeness of the believer to the heavenly Father, i.e. resembling His character more and more by living in faith (“God’s inwrought persuasons,” see 4102 /pístis).
5207 /hyiós (“son”) highlights the (legal) right to the Father’s inheritance, i.e. as the believer lives in conformity with the Father’s nature (purpose).
υἱός with the genitive of a person is used of one who depends on another or is his follower: οἱ υἱοί of teachers, equivalent to pupils.
υἱός διαβόλου
who in thought and action are prompted by the evil one and obey him, Matthew 13:38.
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FALSE WHEAT - TARES
The “Truth” misrepresented by a deceiver, accuser, misleader, profaner, or a false witness.
Original Word: ζιζάνιον, ου, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: zizanion
Phonetic Spelling: (dziz-an’-ee-on)
Definition: zizanium (a kind of darnel resembling wheat)
Usage: spurious wheat, darnel; a plant that grows in Palestine which resembles wheat in many ways but is worthless.
HELPS Word-studies
2215 zizánion (plural, tares/zizania) – a tare (darnel); (figuratively) a pseudo-believer (false Christian); a fruitless person living without faith from God and therefore is “all show and no go!”
ζιζάνιον. ἡ ἐν τῷ σίτῳ αἰρα), zizanium (A. V. tares), a kind of darnel, bastard wheat resembling wheat except that the grains are black.
Of uncertain origin; darnel or false grain – tares.
The Parable of the Weeds in the Grain) is one of the parables of Jesus, which appears in Matthew 13:24-13:30. The parable says that during the final judgment, the angels will separate the “sons of the evil one” (the tares or weeds) from the “sons of the kingdom” (the wheat).
Matthew 13:24-30
Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field:
But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went his way.
But when the blade was sprung up, and brought forth fruit, then appeared the tares also.
So the servants of the householder came and said unto him, Sir, didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? from whence then hath it tares?
He said unto them, An enemy hath done this. The servants said unto him, Wilt thou then that we go and gather them up?
But he said, Nay; lest while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them.
Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn.
— Matthew 13:24-30, Holy Bible: King James Version
The word translated “tares” in the King James Version is ζιζάνια (zizania), plural of ζιζάνιον (zizanion). This word is thought to mean darnel (Lolium temulentum),[1][2] a ryegrass which looks much like wheat in its early stages of growth.[3] Roman law prohibited sowing darnel among the wheat of an enemy,[3][4] suggesting that the scenario presented here is realistic.[5] Many translations use “weeds” instead of “tares”.
Matthew 13:36-43
Then Jesus sent the multitudes away, and went into the house. His disciples came to him, saying, “Explain to us the parable of the darnel weeds of the field.” He answered them, “He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man, the field is the world; and the good seed, these are the children of the Kingdom; and the darnel weeds are the children of the evil one. The enemy who sowed them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the reapers are angels. As therefore the darnel weeds are gathered up and burned with fire; so will it be at the end of this age. The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will gather out of his Kingdom all things that cause stumbling, and those who do iniquity, and will cast them into the furnace of fire. There will be weeping and the gnashing of teeth. Then the righteous will shine forth like the sun in the Kingdom of their Father. He who has ears to hear, let him hear.
— Matthew 13:36-43, World English Bible
DARNEL
Lolium temulentum, typically known as darnel, poison darnel, darnel ryegrass or cockle, is an annual plant of the genus Lolium within the family Poaceae. The plant stem can grow up to one meter tall, with inflorescence in the ears and purple grain. It has a global distribution.
Darnel usually grows in the same production zones as wheat and was a serious weed of cultivation until modern sorting machinery enabled darnel seeds to be separated efficiently from seed wheat.[1] The similarity between these two plants is so great that in some regions, darnel is referred to as “false wheat”.[2] It bears a close resemblance to wheat until the ear appears.
— Matthew 13:30
Let both grow together until the harvest: and in the time of harvest I will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them: but gather the wheat into my barn.
Mathew 13:38 ὁ δὲ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος· τὸ δὲ καλὸν σπέρμα, οὖτοί εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας· τὰ δὲ ζιζάνιά εἰσιν οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ.
The one is the field (people) to be cultivated.
The world is the tool for which land is cultivated.
The “sons of the kingdom” are the good seed.
The “tares” (false wheat) are the sons of the wicked one.
poneó (to toil)
Original Word: πονηρός, ά, όν
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: ponéros
Phonetic Spelling: (pon-ay-ros’)
Definition: toilsome, bad
Usage: evil, bad, wicked, malicious, slothful.
ponērós (an adjective which is also used substantively, derived from 4192 /pónos, “pain, laborious trouble”) – properly, pain-ridden, emphasizing the inevitable agonies (misery) that always go with evil.
Original Word: πόνος, ου, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: ponos
Phonetic Spelling: (pon’-os)
Definition: labor
Usage: (a) labor, toil, (b) pain, anguish, distress, suffering.
from penomai (to toil)
From the base of penes; toil, i.e. (by implication) anguish – pain.
penés: one who works for his living
Original Word: πένης, ητος, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: penés
Phonetic Spelling: (pen’-ace)
Definition: one who works for his living
Usage: one who works for his living; a laborer, poor man.
from penomai (to work for one’s daily bread)
one who works for his living.
From a primary peno (to toil for daily subsistence); starving, i.e. Indigent – poor.
ptóchos: (of one who crouches and cowers, hence) beggarly, poor
Original Word: πτωχός, ή, όν
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: ptóchos
Phonetic Spelling: (pto-khos’)
Definition: (of one who crouches and cowers, hence) beggarly, poor
Usage: poor, destitute, spiritually poor, either in a good sense (humble devout persons) or bad.
ptōxós (from ptōssō, “to crouch or cower like a beggar”) – properly, bent over; (figuratively) deeply destitute, completely lacking resources (earthly wealth) – i.e. helpless as a beggar. 4434 (ptōxós) relates to “the pauper rather than the mere peasant, the extreme opposite of the rich”
CHAFF
Chaff as a waste product from grain processing leads to a metaphorical use of the term, to refer to something seen as worthless. This is commonly used in the expression “to separate the wheat from the chaff” from Matthew 3:12 which says: Whose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.[9] Compare also the “Parable of the Tares”, which refers to a mixture of wheat and tares (a kind of weed). Another example is in Psalm 1:4 of the Bible, which says: The ungodly are not so: but are like the chaff which the wind driveth away. (KJV)
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Origen’s commentary
Good things in the human soul are the offspring of the kingdom of God and have been sown by God the Word so that wholesome words about anything are children of the kingdom. But while men are asleep who do not act according to the command of Jesus, “Watch and pray that you enter not into temptation”, (Matthew 26:41) the devil sows evil opinions over and among natural conceptions. In the whole world the Son of man sowed the good seed, but the wicked one tares—that is, evil words. At the end of things there will be a harvest, in order that the angels may gather up the bad opinions that have grown upon the soul, and may give them over to fire. Then those who become conscious that they have received the seeds of the evil one in themselves shall wail and be angry against themselves; for this is the gnashing of teeth. (Acts 7:54) Then above all shall the righteous shine, no longer differently as at the first, but all “as one sun in the kingdom of their Father.” (Matthew 13:43) Daniel, knowing that the multitudes of the righteous differ in glory, have said this, “And the intelligent shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and from among the multitudes of the righteous as the stars for ever and ever.” (Daniel 12:3) And in the passage, “There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differs from another star in glory: so also is the resurrection of the dead” (1Corinthians 15:41-15:42), the Apostle says the same thing. I think, then, that at the beginning of the blessedness enjoyed by those who are being saved the difference connected with the light takes place. Perhaps the saying, “Let your light shine before men” (Matthew 5:16), can be written upon the table of the heart in a threefold way; so that even now the light of the disciples of Jesus shines before the rest of men, and after death before the resurrection, and after the resurrection until “all shall attain unto a full-grown man” (Ephesians 4:13), and all become one sun.[7]
ὀργή
PASSION - DESIRE - UNREST - ANGUISH
Original Word: ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: orgé Phonetic Spelling: (or-gay') Definition: impulse, wrath Usage: anger, wrath, passion; punishment, vengeance.
orgḗ (from orgáō, “to teem, swelling up to constitutionally oppose”) – properly, settled anger (opposition), i.e. rising up from an ongoing (fixed) opposition.
orgḗ (“settled anger”) proceeds from an internal disposition which steadfastly opposes someone or something based on extended personal exposure, i.e. solidifying what the beholder considers wrong (unjust, evil).
Orgē comes from the verb oragō meaning, ‘to teem, to swell’; and thus implies that it is not a sudden outburst, but rather (referring to God’s) fixed, controlled, passionate feeling against sin . . . a settled indignation.
anger. In Biblical Greek anger, wrath, indignation (on the distinction between it and θυμός (smoke)
that in God which stands opposed to man’s disobedience, obduracy (especially in resisting the gospel) and sin, and manifests itself in punishing the same.
σκεύη ὀργῆς, vessels into which wrath will be poured.
From oregomai; properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e. (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implication punishment – anger, indignation, vengeance, wrath.
Original Word: ὀρέγω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: oregó
Phonetic Spelling: (or-eg’-om-ahee)
Definition: to stretch out, to reach after, to yearn for
Usage: I stretch forth, mid: I hanker after, long for, am eager for, aspire to.
3713 orégomai (“a primitive verb,” NAS Dictionary) – properly, stretch towards; (figuratively) strongly inclined to (pulled towards); aspire to; desire to attain (acquire), reach to.
3713 /orégomai (“aspire, stretch towards”) is always in the Greek middle voice meaning, “stretching oneself out.” This emphasizes the personal desire of the subject, focusing on what the object personally means to the subject (cf. Vine/Unger, White, NT).
[J. Thayer, “The middle voice literally means ‘to stretch oneself out in order to touch or grasp something.’ “]
to stretch oneself out in order to touch or to grasp something, to reach after or desire something
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From - ὄρος Original Word: ὄρος, ους, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: oros Phonetic Spelling: (or'-os) Definition: a mountain Usage: a mountain, hill.
ὄρος, ὄρους, τό (ὈΡΩ, ὄρνυμι (i. e. a rising; see orthroi])) (from Homer down), the Sept. for הַר, a mountain.
plural ὄρη
ὄρη μεθιστάνειν
a proverb. phrase, used also by rabbinical writings, to remove mountains, i. e. to accomplish most difficult, stupendous, incredible things.
Probably from an obsolete oro (to rise or “rear”; perhaps akin to airo; compare ornis); a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain): -hill, mount(-ain).
Original Word: ὄρνις, ιθος, ὁ, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: ornis Phonetic Spelling: (or'-nis) Definition: a bird, a rooster or hen Usage: a bird, fowl, hen.
Probably from a prolonged form of the base of oros; a bird (as rising in the air), i.e. (specially), a hen (or female domestic fowl) – hen.
αἴρω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: airó Phonetic Spelling: (ah'-ee-ro) Definition: to raise, take up, lift Usage: I raise, lift up, take away, remove.
- to raise up;
a. to raise from the ground, take up: stones, John 8:59; serpents, Mark 16:18; a dead body, Acts 20:9.
to take upon oneself and carry what has been raised, to bear:
θῡμός
SEAT OF EMOTION - TEMPERAMENT
CREATURE - (made from dust, smoke)
θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) Noun soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind.
From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós
from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)
Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)
Lithuanian dūmas
Latin fūmus fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension Noun smoke, steam indication, sign fumus boni iuris ― sign of good law
Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).
Old English -
from Old English smoca (“smoke”)
(uncountable, figuratively) A fleeting illusion; something insubstantial, evanescent, unreal, transitory, or without result.
(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.
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Proto-Hellenic: *tʰūmós
*tʰūmós m
vapour (?), breath
soul, spirit
Ancient Greek: θῡμός (“spirit”)
Greek: θυμός (“anger”)
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anger (v.)
c. 1200, “to irritate, annoy, provoke,” from Old.
Norse angra “to grieve, vex, distress; to be vexed at, take offense with,”
from Proto-Germanic *angaz
source also of Old English enge “narrow, painful”
Middle Dutch enghe, Gothic aggwus “narrow”
from PIE *anghos, suffixed form of root *angh- “tight, painfully constricted, painful.”
In Middle English, also of physical pain. Meaning “excite to wrath, make angry” is from late 14c. Related: Angered; angering.
anger (n.)
mid-13c., “hostile attitude, ill will, surliness” (also “distress, suffering; anguish, agony,” a sense now obsolete), from Old Norse angr “distress, grief, sorrow, affliction,” from Proto-Germanic *angaz (from PIE root *angh- “tight, painfully constricted, painful”). Cognate with German Angst. Sense of “rage, wrath” is early 14c.
From the sense of oppression, or injury, the expression was transferred to the feelings of resentment naturally aroused in the mind of the person aggrieved. In the same way, the word harm signifies injury, damage in English, and resentment, anger, vexation in Swedish.
The idea of injury is very often expressed by the image of pressure, as in the word oppress, or the Fr. grever, to bear heavy on one. [Wedgwood]
Old Norse also had angr-gapi “rash, foolish person;” angr-lauss “free from care;” angr-lyndi “sadness, low spirits.”
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vex (v.)
early 15c., from Old French vexer “vex, harass” (14c.), from Latin vexare “to shake, jolt, toss violently;” figuratively “attack, harass, trouble, annoy,” from vexus, collateral form of vectus, past participle of vehere “to draw, carry” (from PIE root *wegh- “to go, move, transport in a vehicle”). Related: Vexed; vexing.
From *wegh-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to go, move, transport in a vehicle.”
The root wegh-, “to convey, especially by wheeled vehicle,” is found in virtually every branch of Indo-European, including now Anatolian. The root, as well as other widely represented roots such as aks- and nobh-, attests to the presence of the wheel – and vehicles using it – at the time Proto-Indo-European was spoken. [Watkins, p. 96]
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vahati “carries, conveys,” vahitram, vahanam “vessel, ship;” Avestan vazaiti “he leads, draws;” Greek okhos “carriage, chariot;” Latin vehere “to carry, convey,” vehiculum “carriage, chariot;” Old Church Slavonic vesti “to carry, convey,” vozŭ “carriage, chariot;” Russian povozka “small sled;” Lithuanian vežu, vežti “to carry, convey,” važis “a small sled;” Old Irish fecht “campaign, journey,” fen “carriage, cart;” Welsh gwain “carriage, cart;” Old English wegan “to carry;” Old Norse vegr, Old High German weg “way;” Middle Dutch wagen “wagon.”
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ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (athūmíā) f (genitive ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
lack of heart, faintheartedness, despondency.
ἀ- (a-, “not”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “spirit”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix)
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*dʰuh₂mós m (non-ablauting)
smoke
From *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) + *-mós.
*dʰewh₂-
smoke
mist, haze.
From Irish: dúil (“desire”) dúil f (genitive singular dúile) desire, like, hankering, appetite expectation, hope dúil f (genitive singular dúile, nominative plural dúile)
element (simplest or essential part or principle of anything; simplest chemical substance; basic building blocks in ancient philosophy)
Synonyms: eilimint, uraiceacht
(in plural) the elements (atmospheric forces)
a Dhia na ndúl ― O God of Nature
Thug sé Dia agus dúile. ― He swore by God and the elements.
ó Dhia is ó dhúile ― from God and the elements
creature, being
dúil dhaonna ― a human creature
dúil ainglí ― an angelic being
dúil bheo ― a living thing
An dúil de dhéithe í? ― Is she a being from the gods?
dúil dár dhligh searc ― a being who deserved to be loved
Synonyms: créatúr, neach.
CREATURE
From Irish - créatúr m (genitive singular créatúir, nominative plural créatúir)
creature, created thing
(in expressions of sympathy) poor creature, poor thing
(contemptuously) (good for nothing) creature.
From Middle Irish crétúir (compare Manx cretoor), from Latin creātūra (“created thing; creature”).
From Latin - creātūra f (genitive creātūrae); first declension (Late Latin)
A created thing; creature.
Creation.
Substantivization of the feminine future participle form of creō (“I create, make”).
From English - creature (chiefly a non-human animal or being) Borrowed from Late Latin creātūra from Latin creō. creatura f creature, living being a newborn child.
From Old Latin - criatura f (plural criaturas)
creature, beast
person.
Synonyms
(creature) : animal, besta, bicho, ser vivo
(person) : pessoa, ser humano, homem, humano.
BEAST From Latin - besta f (plural bestas) beast (any large animal) beast of burden (animal used to transport cargo) ass (any of several species of horse-like animals) (derogatory) fool; idiot (stupid person) (euphemistic) the Beast; Satan (by extension) a monster.
MONSTER
LATIN - mōnstrum n (genitive mōnstrī); second declension
a divine omen indicating misfortune, an evil omen, portent
(metonymically) a monster, monstrosity, whether in size or character
(figuratively) a thing that evokes fear and wonder.
From moneō (“advise, warn”) + -trum (suffix forming instrument nouns).
moneō (present infinitive monēre, perfect active monuī, supine monitum); second conjugation
I warn, advise
I remind.
From Proto-Italic *moneō, from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”).
*moneō
to remind, to warn.
From Proto-Indo-European *mon-éye-
causative from *men-
*men-
to think, mind.
spiritual activity.
From Celtic: *manyetor
*manyetor
to think.
From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-yé-tor, present deponent of *men- (“think”).
THINK
From English - think
(transitive) To ponder, to go over in one’s head.
(intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one’s mind, to try to find a solution to a problem.
(intransitive) To conceive of something or someone.
(transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as.
(transitive) To guess; to reckon.
To plan; to be considering; to be of a mind (to do something).
Norwegian Nynorsk tenkja (“to think”), Icelandic þekkja (“to know, recognise, identify, perceive”), Latin tongeō (“know”).
from Old English þencan, þenċan, þenċean (“to think”), from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to think, suppose, perceive”), from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think, feel, know”).
Latin - tongeō (present infinitive tongēre); second conjugation, no perfect
(transitive, rare) I know
From Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think”).
Germanic: *þankaz (“thought, remembrance, gratitude”)
Germanic: *þankijaną (“to think”)
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WARN - ADVISE
warn (third-person singular simple present warns, present participle warning, simple past and past participle warned)
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of (something impending); especially:
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of impending danger, evil, etc. [from 11th c.]
(transitive) To notify or inform (someone, about something).
(transitive) To summon (someone) to or inform of a formal meeting or duty.
(transitive, intransitive, of a clock, possibly obsolete) To make a sound (e.g. clicking or whirring) indicating that it is about to strike or chime (an hour).
(transitive) To caution or admonish (someone) against unwise or unacceptable behaviour. [from 11th c.]
(chiefly with “off”, “away”, and similar words) To advise or order to go or stay away.
(intransitive) To give warning.
From Middle English warnen, warnien (“to warn; admonish”), from Old English warnian (“to take heed; warn”), from Proto-Germanic *warnōną (“to warn; take heed”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to be aware; give heed”).
From Proto-Italic *werēōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “see”) < ϝοράω (woráō), and English aware [1] and wary.
vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent
I have respect for, revere, stand in awe.
I am afraid, fear; dread.
From Proto-Italic
*werēōr
be wary.
From Proto-Indo-European *wer- Etymology 1 *wer- to cover, heed, notice Etymology 2 *wer- to burn. Hittite: 𒉿𒊏 (wa-ar, “to burn”)
Germanic: *warduz (“guard, keeper”)
Germanic: *waraz (“cautious”)
Germanic: *warjaną (“ward off”)
Germanic: *warnōną (“warn”)
Germanic: *warnijaną (“worry, care, heed”)
Germanic: *warōną (“to watch, to protect”)
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SANSKRIT
Sanskrit: धूलि (dhūli, “dust”)
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GREEK
Hellenic:
Ancient Greek: ὁράω (“see”)
Ancient Greek: ὁρατός (“visible”)
Ancient Greek: ὅρασις ( “seeing, vision”)
Ancient Greek: ὅραμα (“sight, spectacle”)
Ancient Greek: ?οὖρος (“watcher, guardian”)
Ancient Greek: ?ὤρα (“care, concern”)
Cognate with οὖρος (“watcher, guardian”)
From - ὄρος • (óros) n (genitive ὄρεος or ὄρους); third declension
a mountain, hill
mountain chain
district, sector, precinct, parish.
Either from ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I raise”), or possibly directly from a Proto-Indo-European *h₃eros.
ὄρνῡμῐ • (órnūmi) Verb to set upon, let loose upon, move on to awaken, arouse to raise, excite to stir up, encourage, exhort, cheer on. From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, spring”).
ὦρτο • (ôrto)
(Epic) third-person singular aorist middle indicative of ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)
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LATIN
orior (present infinitive orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent
I rise, get up.
I appear, become visible.
I am born, come to exist, originate.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι
Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti).
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SANSKRIT
ऋणोति • (ṛṇóti) (root ऋ, class 5 P) (Vedic ṛṇáuti)
to go, move
to rise, to tend upwards.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥-néw-ti, from *h₃er- (“to move, rise, spring”).
Cognate with Hittite 𒅈𒉡𒍖𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi)
Cognates Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ
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HITTITE
𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 • (ar-nu-uz-zi) (third-person present singular)
to send, address
καταλαβαίνω
COMPREHEND - UNDERSTAND
καταλαβαίνω • (katalavaíno)
simple past - κατάλαβα
Verb
understand, realise.
κατανοώ • (katanoó) (simple past κατανόησα)
Verb
understand.
Μπορώ να κατανοώ βασικές λέξεις. ―
I can understand basic words.
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Although λαμβάνω (lamváno) and λαβαίνω (lavaíno) are alternative forms having the same meaning…
this is not true of καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to realise, to notice”)
and καταλαμβάνω (“to seize, to acquire sovereignty”).
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λαμβάνω • (lamváno) (simple past έλαβα, passive λαμβάνομαι) Verb get, receive take (figuratively) understand, get.
λαβαίνω • (lavaíno)
simple past - έλαβα
Alternative form of λαμβάνω (lamváno)
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ανακαταλαμβάνω (“to recapture”)
αντιλαμβάνομαι (“to realise”)
απολαμβάνω (“to enjoy”)
επαναλαμβάνω (“to repeat”)
καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to realise, to notice”)
καταλαμβάνω (“to seize, to acquire sovereignty”)
λαμβάνω χώρα (“take place”)
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λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō)
Verb
I take
I TAKE HOLD OF, GRASP, SIEZE.
ἡ δ᾽ ἔλαβεν μάστιγα καὶ ἡνία σιγαλόεντα
and she took the whip and bright reins.
χειρὶ δὲ χεῖρα λαβόντες
clasping his hand in theirs.
TAKE BY FORCE, PLUNDER
εἰ τούτω κε λάβοιμεν, ἀροίμεθά κε κλέος ἐσθλόν.
Could we but take these twain, we should win us goodly renown.
EXACT PUNISHMENT
καὶ ταύτην ἔλαβον τὴν δίκην
and I exacted that punishment.
(of emotions) I SEIZE
Ἀτρεΐωνα δ᾽ ἔπειτα χόλος λάβεν
thereafter anger seized the son of Atreus.
(of a god) I POSSESS
ὅτι βακχεύομεν καὶ ἡμέας ὁ θεὸς λαμβάνει
because we play the Bacchant and the god possesses us.
(of darkness, etc.) I COVER
κνέφας δὲ τέμενος αἰθέρος λάβῃ
and darkness had covered the region of the sky
I CATCH, OVERTAKE
ἔνθ᾽ υἷας Πριάμοιο δύω λάβε
Then took he two sons of Priam.
I CATCH, DISCOVER, DETECT
λαμφθῆναι γὰρ τινὰ φασὶ μισγόμενον νεκρῷ προσφάτῳ γυναικός
For it is said that one was caught having intercourse with the fresh corpse of a woman.
I BIND (under oath)
ὥσπερ μ᾽ ἀραῖον ἔλαβες, ὧδ᾽, ἄναξ, ἐρῶ.
As you have bound me under oath, my king, I will speak.
I KEEP
τὴν Ἴδην δὲ λαβὼν ἐς ἀριστερὴν χεῖρα
keeping Ida on the left
I TAKE (food or drugs)
τὸν σικυόν φησι μετὰ σιτίων ἐν πρώτοις λαμβανόμενον ἐνοχλεῖν.
[he] says that cucumber, if it is taken with the sium in the first course, makes the eater uncomfortable.
I PERCEIVE, UNDERSTAND
ταῦτα ἐπιλεξάμενος […] καὶ νόῳ λαβὼν ὥς οἱ εὖ ὑπετίθετο Ἄμασις.
reading this, and perceiving that Amasis’ advice was good.
οἱ γὰρ χρησμολόγοι ταύτῃ ταῦτα ἐλάμβανον.
for the readers of oracles took the verses to mean [that] […]
(logic) I ASSUME, TAKE FOR GRANTED,
I UNDERTAKE
[…] ἐπιχείρησιν ταύτην μὴ οὕτω συντάχυνε ἀβούλως, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τὸ σωφρονέστερον αὐτὴν λάμβανε.
don not hurry this undertaking without thinking, but take it up more prudently.
I RECEIVE, GET
ἂψ ὅ γε τὴν ἀπέλυσε λαβὼν ἀπερείσι᾽ ἄποινα
but thereafter set her free, when he had received ransom past counting.
ἦ τ᾽ ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν.
surely it were that I should win the first prize.
τίς οὗτος ἔσται, τίς παραρρίψει, τέκνα, τοιαῦτ᾽ ὀνείδη λαμβάνων.
who shall be the man, my daughters, to risk suffering reproach […]
I RECEIVE HOSPITALITY
ἥ με λαβοῦσα ἐνδυκέως ἐφίλει.
She took me to her home with kindly welcome
I receive in marriage.
δοκέων αὐτὴν μᾶλλον λάμψεσθαι ἢν ταῦτα ποιήσῃ.
for he thought that by doing so he would be most likely to win her.
I CONCEIVE, I ADMIT
522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.81:
ὁ μέγας δὲ κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει.
Great danger does not admit of a coward.
(of emotions)
800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.461:
εἰς ὅ κεν αὖτις θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λάβητε.
until you once again take heart.
ὁρῶ τιν᾽ ὑμᾶς ὀμμάτων εἰληφότας φόβον νεώρη τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου.
I see from your eyes that you feel a sudden fear at my coming.
(middle) I TAKE HOLD OF
ἀλλὰ μεθορμηθεὶς ἐνὶ κύμασιν ἐλλάβετ᾽ αὐτῆς.
but sprang after [his raft] amid the waves, and took hold of it.
I LAY HANDS UPON
I FIND FAULT WITH, CENSURE.
I CHECK MYSELF.
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ᾰ̓νᾰλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (analambánō)
From ᾰ̓νᾰ- (“up, again, back”) + λαμβάνω (“take”).
(transitive) take up
(physically, transitive) take in one’s hands
(figuratively, transitive) take up subjects in turn
386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 87e:
σκεψώμεθα δὴ καθ’ ἕκαστον ἀναλαμβάνοντες ποῖά ἐστιν ἃ ἡμᾶς ὠφελεῖ.
skepsṓmetha dḕ kath’ hékaston analambánontes poîá estin hà hēmâs ōpheleî.
Now let us consider, taking each in turn, what are the sort of things that benefit us.
(transitive) take back
(transitive) regain, recover
(transitive) restore, repair
(transitive) resume
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ἐπῐλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (epilambánō)
From ἐπῐ- (“upon”) + λᾰμβᾰ́νω (“I take, receive”).
I take or get besides.
384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1259a.28:
ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως ἐπὶ τοῖς πεντήκοντα ταλάντοις ἐπέλαβεν ἑκατόν
all᾽ hómōs epì toîs pentḗkonta talántois epélaben hekatón
but all the same he took a hundred talents besides his capital of fifty
I take, receive
I lay hold of, seize, attack
460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.115.3:
ἐπιλαβὼν δὲ λοιμός τε τὸν στρατὸν καὶ δυσεντερίη κατ᾽ ὁδὸν ἔφθειρε.
epilabṑn dè loimós te tòn stratòn kaì dusenteríē kat᾽ hodòn éphtheire.
Moreover, pestilence and dysentry laid hold of them among their way, from which they died.
(of events) I overtake, surprise; I befall
460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.27.1:
καὶ ἐδεδοίκεσαν μὴ σφῶν χειμὼν τὴν φυλακὴν ἐπιλάβοι
kaì ededoíkesan mḕ sphôn kheimṑn tḕn phulakḕn epiláboi
and feared lest winter should overtake them in their siege
I reach
430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.5.6:
ἔθαπτον τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὁπόσους ἐπελάμβανεν ἡ στρατιά
éthapton tòn autòn trópon hopósous epelámbanen hē stratiá
and then in the same way they buried all that the army reached
I seize, stop
388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 703:
τὴν ῥῖν᾽ ἐπιλαβοῦσ᾽
tḕn rhîn᾽ epilaboûs᾽
stopping her nose
I occupy
428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 779c:
καὶ ὅπως ἰδιώτης μηδεὶς μηδὲν τῶν τῆς πόλεως […] ἐπιλήψεται
kaì hópōs idiṓtēs mēdeìs mēdèn tôn tês póleōs […] epilḗpsetai
and prevent any private person from encroaching on State property […]
(with genitive) I undertake
175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 5.18
175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 13.19
(intransitive) I succeed, follow
384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 860a.7
(middle, with genitive) I hold on by, lay hold of, catch at
460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.113.2:
καὶ ἐπελαμβάνοντο τῶν νεῶν
kaì epelambánonto tôn neôn
and [they] laid hold of the [Persian] ships
460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.114:
ἐπιλαμβανόμενος τῶν ἀφλάστων νεός, τὴν χεῖρα ἀποκοπεὶς πελέκεϊ πίπτει
epilambanómenos tôn aphlástōn neós, tḕn kheîra apokopeìs pelékeï píptei
his hand cut off with an ax as he held on by the ship’s figurehead
460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.91.2:
ἐπιλαμβανόμενος δὲ τῶν ἐπισπαστήρων εἴχετο
epilambanómenos dè tôn epispastḗrōn eíkheto
he laid hold of the door handles and clung to them
I attack
430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.2.22:
ἐπελάβοντο δὲ καὶ Κορινθίων ἀναχωρούντων.
epelábonto dè kaì Korinthíōn anakhōroúntōn.
The Lacedaemonians also attacked the Corinthians as they were returning.
I arrest, seize
384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Apatourius 9:
ὁ Παρμένων ἐξαγομένων τῶν παίδων ἐπιλαμβάνεται
ho Parménōn exagoménōn tôn paídōn epilambánetai
Parmeno […] seized the slaves as they were being taken away
I get hold of, obtain
484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 1 127.1:
μέν νυν προστάτεω ἐπιλαβόμενοι ἄσμενοὶ ἐλευθεροῦντο
mén nun prostáteō epilabómenoi ásmenoì eleutheroûnto
and now having got a champion they were glad to win their freedom
I reach (a place)
46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Mark Antony 41:
ἐκέλευε φεύγειν ἐν δεξιᾷ τῶν ὀρῶν ἐπιλαβόμενον
ekéleue pheúgein en dexiâi tôn orôn epilabómenon
and urged him in his flight to keep close to the hills upon his right
I touch on
380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 449d:
ἐπειδὴ ἄλλης ἐπιλαμβάνῃ πολιτείας
epeidḕ állēs epilambánēi politeías
since you are beginning on another constitution
I interrupt
385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 214e.μεταξὺ ἐπιλαβοῦ, ἂν βούλῃ:
have the goodness to interrupt me
I object to
430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.1.32:
ὅτι μόνος ἐπελάβετο ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ […] ψηφίσματος
hóti mónos epelábeto en têi ekklēsíāi […] psēphísmatos
because he was the one man who in the Athenian assembly had opposed the decree […]
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καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō)
From κατα- (“against”) + λαμβάνω (“I take”)
I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.)
ανακαταλαμβάνω (anakatalamváno, “to recapture”)
αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai, “to realise”)
απολαμβάνω (apolamváno, “to enjoy”)
επαναλαμβάνω (epanalamváno, “to repeat”)
καταλαβαίνω (katalavaíno, “to understand, to realise, to notice”)
καταλαμβάνω (katalamváno, “to seize, to acquire sovereignty”)
λαμβάνω χώρα (lamváno chóra, “take place”)
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λαβή • (laví) f (plural λαβές)
handle
hilt
grip, handgrip, handhold, grasp.
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ληπτός • (lēptós) m (feminine ληπτή, neuter ληπτόν); first/second declension
Adjective
apprehended, taken
(later) apprehended by the senses, comprehended
(Stoic philosophy) acceptable, not to be refused if offered.
From λαμβάνω (“I take”) + -τος -τος (Creates verbal adjectives of possibility) (Forms adjectives from nouns) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
πᾰρᾰ́λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (parálambánō)
to receive from another. to take upon oneself, undertake. to take in pledge. to receive by hearing or report, to ascertain. to take up, catch up. (with personal accusative) to take to oneself, associate with oneself. to invite. To wait for, intercept. to take prisoner
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προλαμβάνω • (prolamváno) (simple past πρόλαβα, passive προλαμβάνομαι)
(transitive) forestall, anticipate.
From προ- (“before”) + λαμβάνω (“receive”)
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προλαβαίνω • (prolavaíno) (simple past πρόλαβα)
(transitive) avert, ward off
(transitive) avoid, obviate
(transitive) catch up.
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σῠλλᾰμβᾰ́νω • (sullambánō)
I collect, gather; I rally. I take with me, carry off. I put together, close, enclose. I combine in pronunciation. I comprise. I take hold of, seize. I apprehend, arrest. I receive at the same time. I comprehend. I take with (e.g. as an assistant)
(middle, with genitive of object) I take part in.
οἳ δὲ οὐκ ἂν συνελάβοντο τοῦ στρατεύματος τοῦ ἐπὶ Σάμον ταύτης εἵνεκεν τῆς αἰτίης
They would not have taken part in the expedition against Samos for this reason.
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ῠ̔πολᾰμβᾰ́νω
ῠ̔πο- (“under”) + λᾰμβᾰ́νω (“I take”)
ῠ̔πολᾰμβᾰ́νω • (hupolambánō) Undertake. I take up. I bear up, support. I take up, seize. I interpret, take (to mean) I accept.
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λάζομαι • (lázomai)
Verb
I seize, grasp
I receive.
ἀναλάζομαι • (analázomai)
Verb
I take again.
ἔλᾰβον • (élabon)
Ve b
first-person singular/third-person plural aorist indicative active of λαμβάνω (lambánō):
I took or they took.
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cognates including Old English læċċan
læċċan
to seize.
English - latch
From Proto-Germanic *lakjaną (“to seize”)
from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂gʷ- (“to take, seize”).
θέσῐς / ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς (opposites)
σῠ́νθεσῐς / ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς (opposites)
θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension
a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop.
Could simply be from τίθημι (“I put, place”) + -σις, or could go back earlier.
If so, would be from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from *dʰeh₁- (whence also τίθημι)
with cognates including Sanskrit अपिहिति (ápihiti), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬌𐬛𐬍𐬙𐬌 (arōidīti), Latin conditiō, and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌳𐍃 (gadēds). More at deed.
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ᾰ̓ντῐ́θεσῐς • (antíthesis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ντῐθέσεως); third declension
opposition, resistance
contradiction
(rhetoric) antithesis
(grammar) change or transposition of a letter
From ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (“to set against”) + -σῐς
αντίθεση • (antíthesi) f (plural αντιθέσεις)
opposite, antithesis
opposition.
αντίθετος • (antíthetos) m (feminine αντίθετη, neuter αντίθετο)
Adjective
opposite, backward.
αντίθεση f (antíthesi, “contrast”)
αντίθετα (antítheta, “on the contrary”)
αντικρινός • (antikrinós) m (feminine αντικρινή, neuter αντικρινό)
Adjective
opposite, facing, across from
(noun) (the) opposite.
απέναντι • (apénanti)
Adverb
opposite, on the other side, across, over the way from.
απέναντι • (apénanti) (+ genitive)
preposition..
opposite to, across.
αγνάντια • (agnántia)
Adverb
opposite
αγνάντι • (agnánti)
Adverb
opposite.
αντίθετα • (antítheta)
Adverb
on the contrary, contrariwise.
αντ. • (ant.)
Adverb
Abbreviation of αντίθετος (antíthetos): opposite, reversed, backward.
PREFIX
αντ- • (ant-)
prefix
Alternative form of αντι- (anti-)
αντι- • (anti-) Prefix anti-, counter- (expressing: opposition, prevention, the opposite) From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Alternative forms αν (an) + τί (tí) αντ- (ant-) ανθ- (anth-)
αν Conjunction If, whether. τι Pronoun What,
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ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension
Noun
(grammar) Insertion of a letter
From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (epentíthēmi, “I insert”) + -σῐς (-sis, verbal noun suffix).
ἐπεντίθημῐ • (epentíthēmi) Verb I insert (a letter) I put in besides, in addition to. From ἐπι- (epi-) + ἐντίθημι (entíthēmi, “to put in”), from ἐν- (en-, “in”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”).
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πᾰρένθεσῐς • (parénthesis) f (genitive πᾰρενθέσεως); third declension Noun a putting in beside, injection insertion (grammar) parenthesis.
From πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ (parentíthēmi, “I put in beside, mix up”) + -σις (-sis), from πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “beside”) + ἐν (en, “in”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I put, place”)
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σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension
Noun
a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis
(mathematics) addition
agreement, treaty
collection.
From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) + -σῐς
-σῐς
(forms abstract nouns of action, result or process)
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ANTONYM
ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension
noun
a loosing, releasing
a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis
(in Aristotle’s Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one
the solution of a problem
retrogression, retirement, departure.
ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις)
Noun
analysis, interpretation
(linguistics) parsing.
αναλυτικά (adjective, “analytically”)
αναλυτικός (adjective (-ive -al -ic) “analytical”)
αναλύομαι (passive - “to be analysed”)
ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”)
and see: αναλύω (analýo, “to analyse, to analyze”)
αναλελυμένος (analelyménos, “analysed”, participle) (formal, ancient)
ανάλυμα n (noun, “melt in, dissolve, solution”)
αναλυμένος (participle (-ed) “analyzed”, participle)
ανάλυση f (object noun (-sis) “analysis”)
αναλυτής m (agent noun (-ist) “analyst”)
αναλυτά (adverb (-ly) “loosely”)
αναλυτικά (adverb (-ly) “analytically, in detail”)
αναλυτικός (“analytic”)
αναλυτικότητα f (“analyticity”)
αναλυτικώς (adjective) “one who is analytic”)
αναλυτός (“loosely tied; dissolved”)
διαλύω (dialýo, “dissolve”)
ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”)
and see: λύω (lýo, “untie; solve”)
αναλύω • (analýo) (simple past ανέλυσα, ανάλυσα, passive αναλύομαι)
Verb
analyse (UK), analyze (US), assay
(linguistics) parse
(by extension) dilute
(by extension) psychoanalyse (especially in the passive)
Synonym: ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo)
λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal)
Verb
terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form)
λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned
λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated
dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος
see imperative λύσατε
αναλυτά • (analytá)
Adjective or adverb
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of αναλυτός (analytós).
Loosely, slackly.
αναλυτός • (analytós) m (feminine αναλυτή, neuter αναλυτό) Adjective molten, melted runny (of a honey) thin, watery (of a liquid) loose, untied (of a hair)
διαλύω • (dialýo) (simple past διέλυσα, διάλυσα, passive διαλύομαι)
Verb
dismantle
dissolve (solid a solid in a solvent)
Διέλυσα 5γρ. ζάχαρη σε λίγο νερό. ― Diélysa 5gr. záchari se lígo neró. ― I dissolved 5g sugar in a little water.
disband, dissolve, break up, disperse
Η εταιρεία διαλύθηκε. ― I etaireía dialýthike. ― The company disbanded.
wreck, break up
Μου ζήτησε να χωρίσουμε και διαλύθηκα. ― Mou zítise na chorísoume kai dialýthika. ― He/She asked me for a divorce/separation and I became a wreck.
οἶδα (lemma)
/perceive/be-aware-of/be-acquainted-with/notice.
Often rendered “know” (by seeing/observing)
in contrast to “γινώσκω” (know by thinking/reasoning/experiencing).
ὁράω (lemme)
PERCEPTION - TO BE SEEING (Passive)
Often fig: discern/perceive/experience/notice/attend-to and usually rendered “behold” when aorist-imperative.
Distinct from…
“οἶδα” (know-by-seeing)
“βλεπω” (see/look-at)
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ὁράω • (horáō)
Verb
(intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone]
(intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind
(copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb]
Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold
δεινὸς ἰδεῖν
deinòs ideîn
horrible to look at
(transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something]
(transitive) To find out [+indirect question]
ὅρᾱ εἰ …
hórā ei …
see if/whether …
(transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that …]
(intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand
ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε;
horâis? horâte?
Do you see?
(transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone]
βλεπω
THE ACT OF LOOKING - TO LOOK (Active)
ὄψις
THAT WHICH IS SEEN
That which is seen.
The thing seen or looked at.
Objective, aspect, appearance of a person or thing.
“Countenance”
Face.
Appearance, especially the look or expression of the face.
the face; visage.
calm facial expression; composure.
approval or favor; encouragement; moral support.
ὤψ
EYE - THE ORGAN OF SIGHT
θέα
A PHILOSOPHIC VIEW
θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension
Noun
view, sight.
A way of understanding something, an opinion, a theory.
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MIDDLE ENGLISH
vewe (plural vewes)
NOUN
A inspection, checkup, or examination, especially a legally ordained one.
(Late Middle English) A scheduled minor court held in a local administrative district.
(rare) A view or perspective.
(rare) A stare, glance or look.
(rare, Late Middle English) oversight, overseeing, direction, instruction
(rare, Late Middle English) One’s focus; what one is concentrating on.
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LATIN
vedere
to see to look at to find out to meet to visit to grasp (an idea)
ὄψ
VOX - VOICE
ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension
(poetic) voice
Homer, Iliad 16.76
(poetic) word
Homer, Iliad 7.53
Not to be confused with ὄψ.
ὄψομαι
ὄψομαι • (ópsomai)
first-person singular future indicative middle of ὁράω.
Englishman's Concordance ὄψομαι (opsomai) — 2 Occurrences John 16:22 V-FIM-1S GRK: πάλιν δὲ ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς καὶ INT: again however I will see you and
Hebrews 13:23 V-FIM-1S
GRK: τάχιον ἔρχηται ὄψομαι ὑμᾶς
INT: sooner he should come I will see you
ὄψομαι Verb, fut midd dep indic, 1 s - ὁράω
ὁραω trans see, observe, perceive, recognise; intrans make sure, see to; pass. appear
[Strongs 3708]
ὤρᾱ
AWARE - CARE - CONCERN - GUARD
ATTENTION - HEED
ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension
Noun
care, concern
Covenant
AGREEMENT
Moral Constraint
TO DO - TO NOT DO
χᾰνδᾰ́νω
COMPREHEND
χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic)
(transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain
(figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing]
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LATIN
hedera f (genitive hederae); first declension
Noun
ivy.
hedera (plural hederas)
Noun
(horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera.
From the genus name Hedera, in turn from Latin hedera (“ivy”)
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”), the same source as Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to get, grasp”).
Hedera f
Proper noun
A taxonomic genus within the family Araliaceae – the ivies.
(genus): Hedera helix - type species; Hedera algeriensis, Hedera azorica, Hedera canariensis, Hedera caucasigena, Hedera colchica, Hedera hibernica, Hedera iberica, Hedera maderensis, Hedera maroccana, Hedera nepalensis, Hedera pastuchovii, Hedera rhombea, Hedera taurica - species \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ GRASP
To understand.
I have never been able to grasp the concept of infinity.
(understand): comprehend, fathom.
Borrowed from Latin comprehendere (“to grasp”), from the prefix com- + prehendere (“to seize”).
From prae- (“before”) + *hendō (“I take, seize”) (not attested without prefix), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed-; akin to Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”), and English get. Compare praeda (“prey”) (earlier praeheda) and hedera (“ivy”).
prehendō (present infinitive prehendere, perfect active prehendī, supine prehensum); third conjugation
I lay hold of, seize, grasp, grab, snatch, take, catch
I detain someone in order to speak with him, accost, lay or catch hold of
I take by surprise, catch in the act
(of trees) I take root
(poetic) I reach, arrive at, attain
(poetic) I take in, reach or embrace with the eye
(figuratively, rare, of the mind) I seize, apprehend, comprehend, grasp
*hendō (present infinitive *hendere, perfect active *hendī, supine *hēnsum); third conjugation
I hold.
Unattested verb only found in composition (see derived terms), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find, hold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to hold”), English get (from Old Norse geta). Related to hedera.
χᾰνδᾰ́νω • (khandánō) (chiefly Epic)
(transitive) to take in, hold, comprise, contain
(figuratively, intransitive) to be capable [+infinitive = of doing]
A nasal-infixed and -suffixed present from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”). Compare λαμβάνω (lambánō). Cognate with Latin prehendo, English get.
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ENGLISH - GET
From Middle English geten, from Old Norse geta, from Proto-Germanic *getaną (compare Old English ġietan, Old High German pi-gezzan (“to uphold”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (bigitan, “to find, discover”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize”). Cognate with Latin prehendo.
αποκτώ
πέπαμαι
TO ACQUIRE - TO GET
αποκτώ • (apoktó) (simple past απέκτησα, απόκτησα, passive αποκτιέμαι, αποκτώμαι)
Verb
acquire
gain, make, profit.
αποκτάω • (apoktáo) (simple past απέκτησα, απόκτησα, passive αποκτιέμαι)
Verb
Alternative form of αποκτώ (apoktó)
αποχτώ • (apochtó) (simple past απόκτησα, απέκτησα)
Verb
Alternative form of αποκτώ (apoktó)
acquire (third-person singular simple present acquires, present participle acquiring, simple past and past participle acquired)
(transitive) To get.
(transitive) To gain, usually by one’s own exertions; to get as one’s own.
From Middle English acqueren, from Old French aquerre, from Latin acquirere; ad + quaerere (“to seek for”). See quest.
quaerō (present infinitive quaerere, perfect active quaesīvī, supine quaesītum); third conjugation Verb I seek, look for Quaerendo invenietis By seeking ye shall find. Quaerite Dominum Seek ye the Lord I ask, question, inquire, query. I strive for; endeavor; seek to obtain I miss, lack I desire, require, want.
from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂- (“to acquire”)
Ancient Greek πέπαμαι (“to get, acquire”)
Light
THE CARRIER WAVE OF VISION
διάκριση
DISCERN - DISCRIMINATE
TO MAKE A DISTINCTION
διάκριση • (diákrisi) f (plural διακρίσεις)
distinction, of note
discretion, discrimination
ομολογώ
SAME MIND - SAME REASONS - CONCEDE
AGREE WITH THE SAME REASONING.
ομολογώ • (omologó) (simple past ομολόγησα, passive ομολογούμαι)
(most senses, transitive, intransitive) confess, admit (concede the truth)
(religion, transitive, intransitive) profess (declare one’s adherence to a religion)
ομολογώ την πίστη μου ―
I profess my faith.
ομόλογο n (omólogo, “bond”)
ομολογώ (“to confess, to admit”)
εξομολόγηση f (“confession, admission”)
ομόλογος • (omólogos) m (plural ομόλογοι, feminine ομόλογη)
Noun
(of people) counterpart, equivalent, opposite number (one which has corresponding functions)
ομόλογο • (omólogo) n (plural ομόλογα)
Noun
(law) bond (evidence of a long-term debt)
(economics) bond, debenture (documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract)
αφορολόγητα αποταμιευτικά ομόλογα ― tax-free savings bonds.
κρατικό ομόλογο ― government bond, treasury bill.
ομόλογο σταθερού επιτοκίου ― fixed interest rate bond.
χρεωστικό ομόλογο ― promissory note.
ομόλογος • (omólogos) m (plural ομόλογοι, feminine ομόλογη)
Noun
Counterpart.
(of people) counterpart, equivalent, opposite number (one which has corresponding functions)
Ο Υπουργός Εξωτερικού συναντήθηκε με τον Αμερικανό ομόλογό του. ― The Foreign Minister met with his American counterpart (ie, the Secretary of State).
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From - ὁμός • (homós) m (feminine ὁμή, neuter ὁμόν); first/second declension
Adjective
same, common, joint.
From Proto-Indo-European *somHós
*somHós (non-ablauting)
Adjective
same, alike.
from the root *sem- *sem- together, one. See semi: one half joined with the other half. *sḗm (“one”) *sēm-i (“half”)
which also gave εἷς (heîs, “one”).
εἷς • (heîs) (ordinal πρῶτος, adverbial ᾰ̔́πᾰξ)
one.
See also: οἶος • (oîos) m (feminine οἴᾱ, neuter οἶον); first/second declension
only, single.
From Proto-Indo-European *óywos (“one, single”)
From Latin - oinos one. From Latin - ūnus (feminine ūna, neuter ūnum); first/second declension, with genitive singular in -īus and dative singular in -ī one, single alone. Universe, unitary, unify.
From Proto-Italic *oinos from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. From *óynos one single. From Oscan - 𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌔 • (uinus) one.
From Old English ān (English one and an).
Cognate with Old English sama (English same)
From Sanskrit सम (sama) सम • (samá) same, equal, alike c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda (with instrumental or genitive) equivalent to, like, identical to even, smooth, flat, plain, level.
From Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (hama)
𐏃𐎶 (ham)
same, together.
Cognates Latin - similis (neuter simile); third declension
Adjective
similar.
From Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós)
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ομολογητής • (omologitís) m (plural ομολογητές, feminine ομολογήτρια)
Noun
confessor
(Christianity) confessor (official designation of a person who acknowledges their Christian faith, especially when this risks their life)
Θεοφάνης Ομολογητής (Theophanes the Confessor)
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ομολογουμένως • (omologouménos)
Adverb
admittedly
Το σενάριο αυτό –ομολογουμένως εφιαλτικά ενδιαφέρον, από πολλές απόψεις– …
The scenario, admittedly of nightmarishly interest in many respects …
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εξομολογώ (exomologó, “to confess”)
εξομολογητής • (exomologitís) m (plural εξομολογητές, feminine εξομολογήτρια)
confessor
Synonym: ομολογητής (omologitís)
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μολογάω • (mologáo) (simple past μολόγησα, passive —)
Verb
(colloquial) form of ομολογώ (omologó, “confess, admit”)
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ὁμολογέω • (homologéō) Verb I agree with. I agree to, grant, concede. I agree or promise to do. (with accusative) I promise. (passive) I am agreed upon.
From ὁμόλογος (“in agreement”)
from ὁμός (“same”) + λόγος (“reasoning”)
+ -έω (denominative verbal suffix).
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ὁμολογητῐκός • (homologētikós) m (feminine ὁμολογητῐκή, neuter ὁμολογητῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
of or for confessing.
ὁμολογέω (“agree, admit, concede, confess”)
+ -τῐκός (adjective suffix)
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ομολογία • (omología) f (plural ομολογίες)
(in general and law) confession, admission, avowal (open admittance of having done something)
(religion) profession, creed (reading or statement of belief that summarizes the faith it represents)
ομολογία πίστεως ― profession of faith.
(economics) bond, debenture (documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract)
λαχειοφόρα ομολογία ― premium/prize bond.
ληξιπρόθεσμη ομολογία ― matured bond.
ομολογία δανείου ― loan bond.
ονομαστική ομολογία ― registered bond.
From ομόλογος (omólogos, “corresponding, homologous”)
From Ancient Greek ὁμολογία (homología, “agreement, common assumption”), equivalent to ομο- (omo-, “same, homo-”) + -λογία (-logía, “-logy”).
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ANTONYM αναλογία • (analogía) f (plural αναλογίες) Noun analogy proportion, ratio.
ανάλογα (análoga, “proportionally”)
ανάλογος (análogos, “analogous, proportional”)
αναλογικός (analogikós, “proportional, analogue”)
αναλογώ (analogó, “to be analogous”)
αρνούμαι • (arnoúmai) deponent (simple past αρνήθηκα)
Verb
deny, reject, turn down.
From Ancient Greek ἀρνέομαι (arnéomai).
ἀρνέομαι • (arnéomai)
Verb
to deny, disown.
(absolute) to say “no”, decline, to refuse.
Alternative forms
αρνιέμαι (arniémai)
αρνιούμαι (arnioúmai)
θεωρῶ
I UNDERSTAND
θεωρῶ
I understand
V-PIA-1S
from theóros (an envoy, spectator, visitor)
θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of. HELPS Word-studies 2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, "to gaze, contemplate") – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating).
[2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term “theatre,” i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance).
to he a spectator, look at, behold, German schauen
The θεωροι were men who attended the games or the sacrifices as public deputies.
Used especially of persons and things looked upon as in some respect noteworthy.
to view attentively, take a view of, survey: τί, Matthew 28:1; to view mentally, consider.
to perceive with the eyes.
equivalent to “to enjoy the presence of one, have contact with him”.
οὐ θεωρεῖ ὁ κόσμος τό πνεῦμα.
i. e. so to speak, has no eyes with which it can see the Spirit; he cannot render himself visible to it, cannot give it his presence and power, John 14:17.
equivalent to to get knowledge of: John 6:62.
τήν δόξαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ.
To be a partaker of the glory, i. e. the blessed condition in heaven, which Christ enjoys.
Compare: ἀναθεωρέω, παραθεωρέω.) [SYNONYMS: θεωρεῖν, θέασθαι, ὁρᾶν, σκοπεῖν:
θεωρεῖν is used primarily not of an indifferent spectator, but of one who looks at a thing with interest and for a purpose.
θεωρεῖν would be used of a general officially reviewing or inspecting an army.
θέασθαι of a lay spectator looking at the parade.
θεωρεῖν as denoting the careful observation of details can even be contrasted with ὁρᾶν in so far as the latter denotes only perception in the general; so used θεωρεῖν quite coincides with σκοπεῖν.
λύσει
TO SOLVE - TO PUZZLE OUT
λύσει
λῡ́σει • (lū́sei)
Verb
second-person singular future subjunctive middle of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)
λῡ́σῃ • (lū́sēi)
Verb
second-person singular future subjunctive middle of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)
Alternative: λῡ́σει (lū́sei)
third-person singular aorist subjunctive active of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)
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λῠ́σῐς • (lúsis) f (genitive λῠ́σεως); third declension
loosing, releasing, ransoming deliverance from guilt by expiatory rites redemption of mortgage or pledge parting emptying, evacuation solution (to a difficulty or problem) remission of fever.
From λύω (lúō, “loosen”) + -σις (-sis)
SUFFIX
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process
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λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)
From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”).
Cognates include Latin luō (“expiate, pay”)
Sanskrit लून (lunā́ti, “sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate”)
English loose
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λύνω • (lýno) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύνομαι)
untie, unbind, undo, unbuckle
Synonyms: ξεσφίγγω (xesfíngo), χαλαρώνω (chalaróno)
Λύνω τα κορδόνια μου. ― Lýno ta kordónia mou. ― I untie my laces.
release
Έλυσα το σκύλο. ― Élysa to skýlo. ― I released the dog.
Λύνω το χειρόφρενο. ― Lýno to cheirófreno. ― I release the handbrake.
solve
Synonym: επιλύω (epilýo)
Θέλω να λύσω την εξίσωση, αλλά είναι πολύ δύσκολη.
Thélo na lýso tin exísosi, allá eínai polý dýskoli.
I want to solve the equation, but it is very difficult.
Λύνω σταυρόλεξο. ― Lýno stavrólexo. ― I solve the crossword.
break, terminate, end
Synonyms: λύω (lýo), τερματίζω (termatízo), διακόπτω (diakópto)
Λύθηκαν τα μάγια. ― Lýthikan ta mágia. ― Τhe spell was broken.
Λύνω τη σιωπή. ― Lýno ti siopí. ― I end the silence.
Λύνεται η συνεδρίαση. ― Lýnetai i synedríasi. ― The session is adjourned.
dismantle, strip down
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επιλύω
To Solve.
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ENGLISH
loose (third-person singular simple present looses, present participle loosing, simple past and past participle loosed)
(transitive) To let loose, to free from restraints.
(Can we date this quote?) Bible, Matthew xxi. 2
Ye shall find an ass tied, and a colt with her; loose them, and bring them unto me.
(transitive) To unfasten, to loosen.
(transitive) To make less tight, to loosen.
(intransitive) Of a grip or hold, to let go.
(archery) to shoot (an arrow)
(obsolete) To set sail.
1611: King James Bible, Acts 13:13
Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them returned to Jerusalem.
(obsolete) To solve; to interpret.
(Can we find and add a quotation of Spenser to this entry?)
Synonyms
To free, unbind.
(let loose): free, release
(unfasten): loosen, unbind, undo, unfasten, untie
(make less tight): loosen, relax, slacken
(of grip or hold): let go, release
(archery): fire, shoot
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ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension
Noun
a loosing, releasing
a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis
(in Aristotle’s Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one
the solution of a problem
retrogression, retirement, departure.
From ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”) + -σις (-sis).
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δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς • (diálusis) f (genitive δῐᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension Noun a separating or parting an ending, cessation a solution to a problem refutation of an argument discharge deed of separation or divorce division of inheritance.
From δῐᾰλῡ́ω (dialū́ō) + -σῐς (result noun)
From δῐᾰλῡ́ω • (dialū́ō)
to loose one from another, to part asunder, undo, dissolve.
From δια- (dia-) + λύω (lúō).
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DERIVED TERMS
ἀνάλυσις (análusis) ἀντανάλυσις (antanálusis) ἀπόλυσις (apólusis) διάλυσις (diálusis) ἐπανάλυσις (epanálusis) ἐπίλυσις (epílusis) κατάλυσις (katálusis) Λύσανδρος (Lúsandros) Λυσίας (Lusías) Λυσικλῆς (Lusiklês) Λυσίμαχος (Lusímakhos) Λύσιππος (Lúsippos) Λῡσῐστρᾰ́τη (Lūsistrátē) Λυσίστρατος (Lusístratos) παράλυσις (parálusis) περίλυσις (perílusis) σύλλυσις (súllusis) ὑπέκλυσις (hupéklusis) ὑπόλυσις (hupólusis)
ερευνώ
ἔρευνᾰ
ερευνητής
ερευνήτρια
INQUIRY- SEARCH - INVESTIGATE - EXAMINE
ἔρευνᾰ • (éreuna) f (genitive ἐρεύνης); first declension
Noun
an inquiry, a search
(medicine) an exploratory operation.
From ἔρομαι (éromai). Akin to Old Norse raun (“trial, experience”).
From Ancient Greek ἔρευνα (éreuna, “inquiry”).
έρευνα • (érevna) f (plural έρευνες)
Noun
research, examination (especially scientific or legal)
investigation.
ερευνώ (erevnó, “to research, to search”)
ερευνητής m (erevnitís, “research worker”)
ερευνήτρια f (erevnítria, “research worker”)
επινόηση
INVENTION- FABRICATION - FICTION
εφεύρεση f (efévresi, “invention”)
εφεύρεση • (efévresi) f
Noun
invention (process and product)
επινόηση
επινόηση f (epinóisi, “fabrication, lie, invention”)
επινόηση f (epinóisi, “fabrication, invention”)
επινόηση • (epinóisi) f (plural επινοήσεις)
Noun
concept, notion, invention, fabrication (technical, practical)
invention, fabrication, fiction (of the imagination)
ανακάλυψη
UNCOVER - DISCOVER
ανακάλυψη • (anakálypsi) f (plural ανακαλύψεις)
Noun
discovery, find (the process of discover and the thing discovered)
ανακάλυψη
ανακάλυψη f (anakálypsi, “discovery”)
From Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “above, through”) + καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover, to conceal”)
σκοπός
PURPOSE
σκοπός
σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim.
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”). σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) Verb I look at, examine. I examine, consider, think. I prepare, premeditate.
πρόθεση
INTENT
πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις) Noun (grammar) preposition intent, intention, purpose. From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”).
πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις)
Non
(surgery) prosthesis (an artificial replacement for a body part)
prosthetic.
From πρόθεσις (“setting before”)
from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition”), from προστίθημι (prostíthēmi, “I add”), from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).
προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m (feminine προθετῐκή, neuter προθετῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
of or for prefixing; prepositional.
From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) + -ικός (-ikós).
θέληση
VOLITION
θέληση • (thélisi) f
will, volition.
From French volition, from Medieval Latin volitiō (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“to wish; to want; to mean or intend”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose; to want”)) + -tiō (“suffix forming nouns relating to some action or the result of an action”)
volition (countable and uncountable, plural volitions)
A conscious choice or decision.
The mental power or ability of choosing; the will.
(linguistics) A concept that distinguishes whether or not the subject or agent intended something.
From Medieval Latin volitiō (“will, volition”), from Latin volō (“I wish, I will”).
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LATIN
volō (present infinitive velle, perfect active voluī); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no imperative
I wish
Tibi bene ex animō volō.
I wish you well with all my heart.
Hanc rem pūblicam salvam esse volumus.
We wish this republic to be safe.
I want
Quid vīs?
What do you want?
Nunc edere volō.
Now I want to eat.
c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 618:
Dō tibi operam, Aristophontēs, sī quid est quod mē velīs.
I’m at your service, Aristophontes, if there’s anything you want of me.
I mean, intend
Et dixit ad socerum, “Quid est quod facere voluisti?
And he said to his father-in-law: “What is it that thou didst mean to do?” (KJV Bible, Genesis 29:25)
Quibus ad se accersitis rex ait: “Quidnam est hoc quod facere voluistis ut pueros servaretis?”
And the king called for them, and said: “What is it that you meant to do, that you would save the men children?” (KJV Bible, Exodus 1:18)
From Proto-Italic *welō, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Cognate with Sanskrit वृणीते (vṛṇīte, “to choose, prefer”), Old English willan (“to will, wish, desire”). More at will.
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ENGLISH
will (third-person singular simple present will, present participle willing, simple past would, past participle -)
Verb
(rare, transitive) To wish, desire (something). [9th-18th c.]
From Middle English willen, wullen, wollen, from Old English willan, wyllan (“to will, be willing, wish, desire, be used to, to be about to”), from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to desire, wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognate with Dutch willen, Low German willen, German wollen, Swedish and Norwegian Nynorsk vilja, Norwegian Bokmål ville, Latin velle (“wish”, verb) and Albanian vel (“to satisfy, be stuffed”).
βούληση
WILL - VOLITION
βούληση • (voúlisi) f (plural βουλήσεις)
will, volition.
διαθήκη
WILL and TESTAMENT
δῐᾰθήκη • (diathḗkē) f (genitive δῐᾰθήκης); first declension
Noun
testament, will (legal document)
covenant.
From δῐᾰ- + τῐ́θημῐ (“put, place”).
From δῐᾰτῐ́θημῐ • (diatíthēmi)
Verb
(active) place separately, arrange each in their own places, distribute.
(with an adverb) to manage well or ill.
to dispose one in such a manner.
to set forth, recite.
(middle) to arrange as one likes, to dispose of.
to dispose of one’s property, devise it by will.
to arrange or settle mutually, make a covenant.
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θέλω
(most senses) want, desire, will.
(transitive, most senses) need, require.
(intransitive, most senses) intend, mean to, want to (have the intention of)
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θα
From a contraction of θέλω να (“I wish that I may”).
added before the present verb forms to form the continuous or imperfective future tense:
added before the dependent verb forms to form the simple or perfective future tense:
added before the present forms of έχω and the non-finite to form some types of the future perfect:
added before the imperfect forms of έχω and the non-finite to form some types of the pluperfect:
added before the imperfect verb forms to form the conditional mood:
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προϋπόθεση • (pro-hypo-theo-sis) f (plural προϋποθέσεις) Noun presupposition condition, prerequisite (logic) premise
From προ- (“before”) + υπόθεση (“supposition”). Calque of French présupposition.
υπόθεση • (ypóthesi) f (plural υποθέσεις)
Noun
business, matter, affair
(law) case
(sciences, mathematics) hypothesis, conjecture
Υπόθεση Αβογκάντρο ― Avogadro’s hypothesis
(film) plot
assumption
From Ancient Greek ὑπόθεσις (“supposition”, noun).
ῠ̔πόθεσῐς • (hupóthesis) f (genitive ῠ̔ποθέσεως); third declension
Noun
proposal
suggestion, advice
purpose
occasion, excuse, pretext
actor's role
function, occupation, station
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
subject proposed for discussion
lawsuit, legal case
subject, topic
speech
play, pantomime
supposition, assumption, hypothesis
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
presupposition
premise
starting point
raw material
mortgage
placing under
base (thing placed under another)
From ῠ̔ποτῐ́θημῐ (“I set before, suggest”) + -σῐς (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process)
from ῠ̔πο- (“below”) + τῐ́θημῐ (“to put, place”).
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κατάσταση f (“condition, situation”)
απεγκατάσταση f (apo-ek-kata-sta-sis)
“deinstallation, uninstallation”)
επανεγκατάσταση f (epi-ana-ek-kata-sta-sis)
(“reinstallation”)
κατάσταση • (katástasi) f
καταστάσεις - plural
Noun
(“state, condition, situation”)
εγκατάσταση • (ek-kata-stasis ) f (plural εγκαταστάσεις)
Noun
installation, establishment (act of installing)
residence (permission to reside)
installation (large equipment)
installation, settlement, establishment (set of buildings)
(art) installation
απεγκατάσταση • (apegkatástasi) f (plural απεγκαταστάσεις)
Noun
(“deinstallation, uninstallation”)
επανεγκατάσταση • (epanegkatástasi) f (plural επανεγκατάστασεις)
Noun
(“resettlement, rehoming”)
η επανεγκατάσταση των προσφύγων ―
the resettlement of refugees
(“reinstallation”)
Η επανεγκατάσταση των Windows γίνεται μέσα σε λίγα λεπτά ―
Reinstallation of Windows is done in minutes.
From Latin condicio.
From condīcō (“I agree upon, promise; fix”), from con- (“with”) + dīcō (“I say, speak”).
condiciō f (genitive condiciōnis); third declension
An agreement, contract, covenant, stipulation, pact, proposition.
A condition, term, demand.
A marriage, match.
(metonymically) A spouse, bride.
A love affair, amour.
(metonymically) A paramour, lover.
An external position, situation, rank, place, circumstances, condition.
A nature, mode, character, disposition, manner, condition.
Latin - conditiō f (genitive conditiōnis); third declension
a making, creating
(Medieval Latin) condition, status, position, circumstances.
Latin - cōnfectiō f (genitive cōnfectiōnis); third declension
making, preparing, producing, arranging, composing, completing
that which is made etc.; confection
From con- (“with, together”) + faciō (“do, make”).
cōnficiō (present infinitive cōnficere, perfect active cōnfēcī, supine cōnfectum); third conjugation iō-variant
Verb
I prepare, accomplish, complete, execute; settle, close a bargain; traverse.
I produce, cause, bring about, effect, secure
I finish, end, spend, pass, complete.
I procure, bring together, collect, produce, prepare.
I perform, celebrate.
(philosophy) I show, deduce, demonstrate.
(figuratively) I diminish, lessen; destroy, kill, wear out, consume, exhaust, break up.
From Proto-Italic *fakiō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”)
Cognates include Ancient Greek τίθημι.
Sanskrit दधाति (dádhāti)
Old English dōn (English do)
English - condition (countable and uncountable, plural conditions)
Noun
A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false.
A requirement or requisite.
Environmental protection is a condition for sustainability. What other planets might have the right conditions for life? The union had a dispute over sick time and other conditions of employment.
(law) A clause in a contract or agreement indicating that a certain contingency may modify the principal obligation in some way.
The health status of a medical patient.
My aunt couldn’t walk up the stairs in her condition.
The state or quality.
National reports on the condition of public education are dismal. The condition of man can be classified as civilized or uncivilized.
A particular state of being.
Hypnosis is a peculiar condition of the nervous system. Steps were taken to ameliorate the condition of slavery. Security is defined as the condition of not being threatened. Aging is a condition over which we are powerless.
(obsolete) The situation of a person or persons, particularly their social and/or economic class, rank.
OLD ENGLISH
dōn
("to do")
refers back to an earlier verb, as with modern English ("do")
("to make, cause")
("to put")
From Proto-Germanic *dōną (“to do”)
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to make, do, place”).
SANSKRIT
दधाति • (dádhāti) (root धा, class 3, type UP, present)
Verb
to put, place, set, lay in or on
to inflict punishment on
to put one’s foot in another’s footstep i.e. imitate
to take or bring or help to
to direct or fix the mind or attention upon, think of, fix or resolve upon
to destine for, bestow on, present or impart to
to appoint, establish, constitute
to render
to make, produce, generate, create, cause, effect, perform, execute
to seize, take hold of, hold, bear, support, wear, put on (clothes)
to accept, obtain, conceive (especially in the womb), to take pleasure or delight in
to assume, have, possess, show, exhibit, incur, undergo
to wish to put in or lay on
to wish to give or present
to wish to gain, strive after
to bid defiance
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SUFFIX
ῠ̔πο- • (hupo-) Suffix under, sub-, hypo- of the casing or covering of the agency or influence (by) denoting a small degree, gradual.
ῠ̔πό • (hupó) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative) Preposition (+ genitive) (of place) from underneath. under, beneath. (of cause or agency) by, through. (in pregnant phrases) of immediate acts of an agent, as well as further results. (in Herodotus and Attic, of things as well as persons) denoting the attendant or accompanying circumstances. (of accompanying music) to give the time. (+ dative) (of place or position) under, near. (of agency) under, through, by. expressing subjection or dependence. of logical subordination. of attendant circumstances. (+ accusative) (of place) to express motion towards and under. of position or extension. of logical subordination. of subjection, control. (of time) just after. of accompaniment. to a certain degree.
ῠ̔́πᾰτος • (húpatos) m or f (neuter ῠ̔́πᾰτον); second declension
Adjective
("Superlative of ὑπό (hupó, “under”)
From ὕπατος (húpatos, “consul”).
1. highest, uppermost
2. (of place) at the very top, lowest, furthest
3. (of time) last
4. (of quality) highest, best.
ῠ̔πᾰτείᾱ • (hupateíā) f (genitive ῠ̔πᾰτείᾱς); first declension
Noun n
the office or rank of consul, consulate.
ῠ̔πᾰτῐκός • (hupatikós) m (feminine ῠ̔πᾰτῐκή, neuter ῠ̔πᾰτῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or pertaining to a consul, consular of consular rank. From ὕπᾰτος (“consul”) + -ῐκός (Adj.)
cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension
Latin - consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually. a proconsul the highest magistrate in other states an epithet of the god Jupiter.
From con- + a derivation of Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grab”).
From Ancient Greek αἱρέω
αἱρέω • (hairéō) uncontracted form of αἱρῶ (hairô, “to hang”)
Verb
(transitive) to take, grasp, seize
(transitive) to win, gain
(transitive) to convict, win a conviction
(figuratively, transitive) to grasp with the mind, understand
(middle, transitive) to take for oneself, choose, select
(middle, transitive) to prefer.
From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to take, grasp”). The aorist stem is from the synonymous *selh₁-, which is also the source of English sell.
From Proto-Indo-European/ser-
*ser-
(“to bind, to tie together, thread”)
From Latin: serō (present infinitive serere, perfect active sēvī, supine satum); third conjugation
Verb
I sow, plant.
(of persons) I beget, bring forth, produce.
(figuratively) I found, establish; scatter, spread, disseminate; propagate; excite; cause, produce.
From Proto-Italic *sizō
from Proto-Indo-European *si-sh₁-, the reduplicated present of *seh₁- (“to sow”).
*seh₁- (perfective)
to impress, insert.
to sow, to plant.
Old English: sǣd n (nominative plural sæd)
sæd m (definite singular sæden, uncountable)
(“semen, sperm”)
(West Saxon) seed
From Proto-Germanic *sēdiz (“seed; that which can be sown”).
Old Norse: sáð n (genitive sáðs, plural sáð)
(“seed”)
From Latin: serum n (genitive serī); second declension
(“whey”)
From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to flow, run”)
see also Sanskrit सर (sara, “flowing”)
Sanskrit सार (sā́ra, “curd, cream”)
Sanskrit सारण (sāraṇa, “flowing, buttermilk”)
Ancient Greek ὁρός (horós, “whey, curd, semen”).
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ἀείρω • (aeírō) (Epic, Ionic, poetic)
Verb
(transitive) to lift up, raise, support.
(of armies, ships, transitive) to get the fleet under sail.
(transitive) to bear, sustain.
(transitive) to raise up, exalt.
(transitive) to raise by words, praise, extol.
(transitive) to lift and take away, remove.
(transitive, with genitive) to take away from.
(Koine, transitive) to take off, kill.
(middle, transitive) to take up for oneself, to win, gain.
(transitive) to take upon oneself, undergo.
(transitive) to undertake, begin.
(transitive) to raise up.
(transitive) to take away.
(passive, intransitive) to hang.
αἴρω • (aírō) (Attic)
Verb
(“Contracted”)
Derived terms ἄορ (áor) ἀορτή (aortḗ) ἀορτήρ (aortḗr) ἀρτηρία (artēría) μετέωρος (metéōros)
ἄορ • (áor) n (genitive ἄορος); third declension
Noun
(“hanger or sword hung in a belt”)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wor, from *h₂wer- (whence ἀείρω (aeírō)
ᾰ̓ορτή • (aortḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓ορτῆς); first declension
Noun
(in the plural) the lower extremities of the windpipe.
(in the singular) aorta, the artery which proceeds from the left ventricle.
(in the plural) the arteries.
ἀρτηρῐ́ᾱ • (artēríā) f (genitive ἀρτηρῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Noun
artery
windpipe, trachea
(in the plural) bronchi
a knapsack that hangs from the shoulders.
Supposed contraction of *ἀορτηρία (cf. ἀορτήρ (aortḗr)), from ἀείρω (aeírō, “to bind, hang up”).
μετέωρος • (metéōros)
Adjective
(“lifted up, on high, in air”)
For μετήορος (metḗoros)
From μετά (metá, “beyond”) + *ἀορος.
From ἀείρω (aeírō, “I lift up, raise”).
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PREFIX
Prefix μετα- • (meta-) As a Prefix concerning community or participation concerning action in common with another in the midst of concerning succession concerning pursuit concerning letting go after, behind reversely (most frequent) concerning change in position or condition
Preposition μετᾰ́ • (metá) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative) As a Preposition (+ genitive) in the midst of, among, between, with in common, along with, by aid of concerning one's dealings with (rare) at the same time (+ dative, only in poetry, usually Epic) between, among besides, over and above (+ accusative) coming into in pursuit of of sequence or succession (of a place) after, behind (time) after (worth, rank) next, after after, according to among, between
Adverb μετᾰ́ • (metá) As an Adverb among them, with them afterwards thereafter
Derived Terms
με • (me) (+ accusative)
Preposition
("with, by, on")
("with")
μίλησε με την Ελένη ― he talked with Eleni
("by")
πουλάει με το κιλό ― she sells by the kilo
("by, on")
με το αυτοκίνητο ― by car
με τα πόδια ― on foot.
From a metanalysis of the Byzantine Greek phrase μεταῦτα (itself from μεταταῦτα by haplology, from μετά (metá) + ταῦτα (taûta)), from Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “with”).
Aql
Aql (Arabic: عقل, meaning “intellect”), is an Arabic language term used in Islamic philosophy or theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul or mind. It is the normal translation of the Greek term nous. In jurisprudence, it is associated with using reason as a source for sharia “religious law” and has been translated as “dialectical reasoning”.
In Islam, the term ‘aql was heavily elucidated by early Shī‘ah thinkers; it came to replace and expand the pre-Islamic concept of ḥilm (Arabic: حلم) “serene justice and self-control, dignity” in opposition to the negative notions of ignorance (jahl) and stupidity (safah).[2]
The “possessor of ‘aql”, or al-‘āqīl (plural al-‘uqqāl) realises a deep connection with God. Jaʿfar aṣ-Ṣādiq (d. 765, notably an Imām) described this connection as a realisation that God loves some, that God is truth and that only ‘ilm “sacred knowledge” and its development can help humanity fulfil its potential.
His son, Imām Mūsà al-Kāżim (d. 799), expanded this exegesis by defining ‘aql as the “faculty for apprehending the divine, a faculty of metaphysical perception, a light in the heart, through which one can discern and recognize signs from God.”[2] He further noted that where the A’immah (Imāms) are the ḥujjatu ż-żāhira “External proof [of God]”, ‘aql is the ḥujjatu l-Bāṭina “Secret proof”.[2]
While in early Islam, ‘aql was opposed to jahl “ignorance”, the expansion of the concept meant it was now opposed to safah “[deliberate] stupidity” and junūn “lack of sense, indulgence”. Under the influence of Mu‘tazilī thought, ‘aql came to mean “dialectical reasoning”.[2]
Qiyas
LEGAL PRECEDENCE - COMPARISON
qiyas “analogical reasoning” as the fourth source of law.
In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyās (Arabic: قياس) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Qur’an, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. Here the ruling of the Sunnah and the Qur’an may be used as a means to solve or provide a response to a new problem that may arise. This, however, is only the case providing that the set precedent or paradigm and the new problem that has come about will share operative causes (عِلّة, ʿillah). The ʿillah is the specific set of circumstances that trigger a certain law into action.
The biggest source of confusion for scholars is the fact that, while rejecting qiyas, Bukhari accepts the idea of tashbih (comparison), which seems similar to analogy.[16] However, this is not the case, as tashbih is a comparison used in explanation (such as a metaphor), whereas qiyas applies a specific legal ruling to another case.
Hylomorphism
Hylomorphism (or hylemorphism) is a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which conceives being (ousia) as a compound of matter and form. The word is a 19th-century term formed from the Greek words ὕλη hyle, “wood, matter”, and μορφή, morphē, “form”.
Aristotle defines X’s matter as “that out of which” X is made.
For example, letters are the matter of syllables.
Thus, “matter” is a relative term:[3] an object counts as matter relative to something else. For example, clay is matter relative to a brick because a brick is made of clay, whereas bricks are matter relative to a brick house.
Change is analyzed as a material transformation: matter is what undergoes a change of form.[4] For example, consider a lump of bronze that’s shaped into a statue. Bronze is the matter, and this matter loses one form (that of a lump) and gains a new form (that of a statue).[5][6]
According to Aristotle’s theory of perception, we perceive an object by receiving its form with our sense organs.[7] Thus, forms include complex qualia such as colors, textures, and flavors, not just shapes.[8]
ESSENCE and ACCIDENCE
Medieval philosophers who used Aristotelian concepts frequently distinguished between substantial forms and accidental forms. A substance necessarily possesses at least one substantial form. It may also possess a variety of accidental forms. For Aristotle, a “substance” (ousia) is an individual thing—for example, an individual man or an individual horse.[9] The substantial form of substance S consists of S’s essential properties,[10] the properties that S’s matter needs in order to be the kind of substance that S is.[11] In contrast, S’s accidental forms are S’s non-essential properties,[12] properties that S can lose or gain without changing into a different kind of substance.
In some cases, a substance’s matter will itself be a substance. If substance A is made out of substance B, then substance B is the matter of substance A. However, what is the matter of a substance that is not made out of any other substance? According to Aristotelians, such a substance has only “prime matter” as its matter. Prime matter is matter with no substantial form of its own.[14] Thus, it can change into various kinds of substances without remaining any kind of substance all the time.
Soul
Aristotle applies his theory of hylomorphism to living things. He defines a soul as that which makes a living thing alive.[16] Life is a property of living things, just as knowledge and health are.[17] Therefore, a soul is a form—that is, a specifying principle or cause—of a living thing.[18] Furthermore, Aristotle says that a soul is related to its body as form to matter.
The soul, in many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, is the incorporeal essence of a living being.[1] Soul or psyche (Ancient Greek: ψυχή psykhḗ, of ψύχειν psýkhein, “to breathe”) comprises the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.
For example, the Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas attributed “soul” (anima) to all organisms but argued that only human souls are immortal.
Anima
ᾰ̓́νεμος
ᾰ̓́νεμος • (ánemos) m (genitive ᾰ̓νέμου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Koine)
wind, breeze, gale
any of the four cardinal directions
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀚𐀗 (a-ne-mo, “winds”), Old Armenian հողմ (hołm, “wind”), Latin animus, Old Frisian omma, and possibly Sanskrit अनिल (ánila); Compare also Tocharian B āñme (“self; soul”) and Old Armenian անձն (anjn, “person”).
άνεμος • (ánemos) m (plural άνεμοι)
wind
From Proto-Indo-European/ *h₂enh₁mos Noun *h₂enh₁mos m breath. From *h₂enh₁- + *-mos. *h₂enh₁- to breathe. *(ó)-mos m Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
Greek -μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
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From Proto-Celtic/ *anaman
Celtic: *anaman (“soul”)
*anaman n
soul, spirit
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From Middle English onde, ande, from Old English onda, anda (“zeal, indignation, anger, malice, envy, hatred”), from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, spirit, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”).
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anima (accusative singular animan, plural animaj, accusative plural animajn)
of the soul; spiritual quotations ▼
of the mind, mental, psychological, inner quotations ▼
Ĝi staras antaŭ miaj animaj okuloj. ― I can see it with my mind’s eye.
anima lukto / ekvilibro ― inner struggle / balance.
animo (accusative singular animon, plural animoj, accusative plural animojn)
soul (an immaterial individual essence regarded as the source of life) quotations ▼
damnita animo ― a lost soul
soul (an individual person or life)
Ni ne vidis eĉ unu animon sur la stratoj. ― We didn’t see a soul on the streets.
En la eksplodo pereis preskaŭ tridek animoj. ― Almost thirty souls perished in the explosion.
soul, driving force (chief instigator or actor)
Ŝi estis la animo de la asocio. ― She was the driving force behind the association.
passion and feeling, spirit, mood quotations ▼
kun facila / freŝa animo ― with a light heart / with a new spirit.
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LATIN
animus m (genitive animī); second declension
Noun
mind, soul, life force quotations ▼
Tibi bene ex animo volo.
I wish you well from my soul.
courage, will
Proclamasset neque votum sibi neque animum desse confodiendi eum.
He had announced that he lacked neither the determination nor the courage [or will] to kill him.
From Proto-Italic *anamos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos, a nominal derivative of *h₂enh₁- (“breathe”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄνεμος (ánemos, “wind, breeze”), Old Armenian հողմ (hołm, “wind”), Old Frisian omma (“breath”), English onde (“breath”) (dialectal), Norwegian ånde (“breath”), and possibly Sanskrit अनिल (ánila, “air, wind”); compare also Tocharian B āñme (“self; soul”) and Old Armenian անձն (anjn, “person”).
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anima f (genitive animae); first declension
soul, spirit, life Magnificat anima mea dominum. ― My soul glorifies the Lord. air, breeze breath vocative singular of anima.
anima f (plural anime)
(religion, philosophy, also figuratively) soul
(lutherie) sound post
Proto-Italic
*anamos m
spirit, soul, life force.
Life force
life force (countable and uncountable, plural life forces)
The hypothetical principle that animates all living organisms
An impulse or influence that gives something life or vitality
Mind
The mind is the set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, imagination, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory, which is housed in the brain (sometimes including the central nervous system). It is usually defined as the faculty of an entity’s thoughts and consciousness.[3] It holds the power of imagination, recognition, and appreciation, and is responsible for processing feelings and emotions, resulting in attitudes and actions.
Awareness
Awareness is the ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be cognizant of events. More broadly, it is the state of being conscious of something. Another definition describes it as a state wherein a subject is aware of some information when that information is directly available to bring to bear in the direction of a wide range of behavioral processes.[1] The concept is often synonymous to consciousness and is also understood as being consciousness itself.[2]
The states of awareness are also associated with the states of experience so that the structure represented in awareness is mirrored in the structure of experience.[1]
Awareness is a relative concept. It may be focused on an internal state, such as a visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception.[2] It is analogous to sensing something, a process distinguished from observing and perceiving (which involves a basic process of acquainting with the items we perceive).[3] Awareness or “to sense” can be described as one that occurs when the brain is activated in certain ways, such as when the color red is what is seen once the retina is stimulated by light waves.[3] This conceptualization is posited amid the difficulty in developing an analytic definition of awareness or sensory awareness.[3]
Awareness is also associated with consciousness in the case this concept denotes a fundamental experience such as a feeling or intuition that accompanies the experience of phenomena.[4] Specifically, this is referred to as awareness of experience.
Self Awareness
Self-awareness is the capacity for introspection and the ability to recognize oneself as an individual separate from the environment and other individuals.[1] It is not to be confused with consciousness in the sense of qualia. While consciousness is being aware of one’s environment and body and lifestyle, self-awareness is the recognition of that awareness.[2] Self-awareness is how an individual consciously knows and understands their own character, feelings, motives, and desires. There are two broad categories of self-awareness: internal self-awareness and external self-awareness.[3]
Proprioception
/ˌproʊprioʊˈsɛpʃən, -priə-/[1][2] PROH-pree-o-SEP-shən) , also referred to as kinaesthesia (or kinesthesia, in American English), is the sense of self-movement and body position.[3] It is sometimes described as the “sixth sense”.[4]
Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints.[5] There are multiple types of proprioceptors which are activated during distinct behaviors and encode distinct types of information: limb velocity and movement, load on a limb, and limb limits. Vertebrates and invertebrates have distinct but similar modes of encoding this information.
The central nervous system integrates proprioception and other sensory systems, such as vision and the vestibular system, to create an overall representation of body position, movement, and acceleration.
Conscious vrs. Non conscious
In humans, a distinction is made between conscious proprioception and non-conscious proprioception:
Conscious proprioception is communicated by the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway to the cerebrum.[15]
Non-conscious proprioception is communicated primarily via the dorsal spinocerebellar tract[16] and ventral spinocerebellar tract,[17] to the cerebellum.
A non-conscious reaction is seen in the human proprioceptive reflex, or righting reflex—in the event that the body tilts in any direction, the person will cock their head back to level the eyes against the horizon.[18] This is seen even in infants as soon as they gain control of their neck muscles. This control comes from the cerebellum, the part of the brain affecting balance.
Essence
In philosophy, essence is the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident: a property that the entity or substance has contingently, without which the substance can still retain its identity. The concept originates rigorously with Aristotle (although it can also be found in Plato),[1] who used the Greek expression to ti ên einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι,[2] literally meaning “the what it was to be” and corresponding to the scholastic term quiddity) or sometimes the shorter phrase to ti esti (τὸ τί ἐστι,[3] literally meaning “the what it is” and corresponding to the scholastic term haecceity) for the same idea. This phrase presented such difficulties for its Latin translators that they coined the word essentia (English “essence”) to represent the whole expression. For Aristotle and his scholastic followers, the notion of essence is closely linked to that of definition (ὁρισμός horismos).[4]
ορισμός
DEFINITION - LIMIT - BOUNDARY - CELL
ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension
Noun
boundary, limit, frontier, landmark
marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts
the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press
rule, standard
term, definition
goal, end, aim
ορισμός • (orismós) m (plural ορισμοί) Noun definition (the process of defining) (lexicography) definition, designation (crossword) clue, definition.
ὁρῐσμός • (horismós) m (genitive ὁρῐσμοῦ); second declension
Noun
marking out by boundaries, limitation
(lexicography) definition.
ὁρίζω • (horízō) Verb I divide, separate from quotations ▼ I separate quotations ▼ I delimit quotations ▼ I bound quotations ▼ I pass between or through quotations ▼ I part, divide quotations ▼ I mark out quotations ▼ I trace as a boundary quotations ▼ I ordain, determine, lay down quotations ▼ I define a thing quotations ▼ (middle) I mark out for myself quotations ▼ I determine for myself quotations ▼ I define a thing quotations ▼ (intransitive) I border upon quotations ▼ (Attic law) I have marked with ὅροι (hóroi) quotations ▼
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from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir, spring”), like ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “to awaken”).
*h₃er- (perfective)
to move, to stir
to rise, to spring.
ὦρτο • (ôrto)
Verb
(Epic) third-person singular aorist middle indicative of ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)
ὄρνῡμῐ • (órnūmi) Verb to set upon, let loose upon, move on to awaken, arouse to raise, excite to stir up, encourage, exhort, cheer on.
ὄρος • (óros) n (genitive ὄρεος or ὄρους); third declension Noun a mountain, hill mountain chain district, sector, precinct, parish.
Greek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)
ὄρνυμι (órnumi, “I raise”)
αλγόριθμος
ALGORITHM - MIND OPERATION
αλγόριθμος • (algórithmos) m (plural αλγόριθμοι)
Noun
(computing, mathematics) algorithm.
αλγοριθμικός (algorithmikós, “algorithmic”)
αλγοριθμικός • (algorithmikós) m (feminine αλγοριθμική, neuter αλγοριθμικό)
Adjective
(mathematics, computing) algorithmic.
algorithm (plural algorithms)
Ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps. quotations ▼
(archaic) Calculation with Arabic numerals; algorism.
calculation (countable and uncountable, plural calculations)
(mathematics, uncountable) The act or process of calculating.
(mathematics, countable) The result of calculating. quotations ▼
(countable) Reckoning, estimate.
By my calculation, we should be there by midnight.
(countable) An expectation based on circumstances.
Synonyms[edit]
(act or process of calculating): computation, reckoning (old); see also Thesaurus:calculation
(Result of calculation): sum
(estimate): estimate, guess, reckoning, measurement
calculātiō f (genitive calculātiōnis); third declension
Noun
computation, calculation, reckoning
stone (in kidney, bladder), calculus (stone)
calculō (present infinitive calculāre, perfect active calculāvī, supine calculātum); first conjugation
Verb
I calculate, compute, reckon.
(figuratively) I consider as, esteem.
calculus (“stone used for reckoning on a counting board; calculating, reckoning”)
calculus m (genitive calculī); second declension
Noun
Diminutive of calx
pebble, stone
reckoning, calculating
a piece in the latrunculi game.
Diminutive from calx (“limestone, game counter”) + -ulus.
SUFFIX
Latin
-ulus (feminine -ula, neuter -ulum); first/second-declension suffix
Used to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating small size or youth.
The suffix -ulus is added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun.
calx (“limestone, game counter”) + -ulus → calculus (“pebble, little stone”)
rēx (“king”) + -ulus → rēgulus (“prince, petty king”)
Suffix
-lus (feminine -la, neuter -lum); first/second-declension suffix
Used to form a diminutive of a noun, indicating small size or youth and thus sometimes depreciation.
The suffix -lus is added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun.
Examples:
porcus (“pig”) + -lus → porculus (“little pig”)
On nouns ending in -ius/-eus or -ia/-ea:
filius (“son”) + -lus → filiolus (“little son”)
gladius (“sword”) + -lus → gladiolus (“little sword”)
bestia (“beast”) + -lus → bestiola (“little beast”)
acūleus (“needle”) + -lus → acūleolus (“little needle”)
On nouns ending in -vus or -va:
parvus (“small, little”) + -lus → parvulus (“very small, very little”) or parvolus
servus (“servant”) + -lus → servulus (“little or young servant”) or servolus.
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension
-tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
Usage notes[edit]
The suffix is occasionally added to other parts of speech, or appears in situations where no related verb apparently exists; more at -ātiō.
gradātiō (“making of a staircase or steps”), from gradus (“step, pace”).
κᾰνών
CANON - RULE - BAR - MASURE - STANDARD
κᾰνών • (kanṓn) m (genitive κᾰνόνος); third declension
Noun n
rod, pole, bar
rods used in shields
type of rod used in weaving
measuring rod, carpenter’s rule, plumb line, level
(music) monochord
something to judge by, rule, norm, general principle
model, paradigm
tax assessment, tax, tariff
(music) qanun
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κᾰνονῐ́ζω • (kanonízō)
Verb
I measure, regulate quotations ▼
(grammar) I conjugate (a verb); I parse ▼
From κᾰνον- (kanon-), the oblique stem of κᾰνών (kanṓn, “rule, standard”), + -ῐ́ζω (-ízō, denominative verb suffix).
κανονικός • (kanonikós) m (feminine κανονική, neuter κανονικό)
Adjective
regular, usual
(grammar) regular (as in regular verb)
κᾰ́ννᾱ • (kánnā) f (genitive κᾰ́ννης); first declension
Noun
giant reed (Arundo donax)
reed mat.
Borrowed from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”)
𒄀 (QANÛ)
reed
unit of length.
From Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na) 𒄀 (GI) reed verify unit of length.
Latin - canna f (genitive cannae); first declension
A reed, cane.
(by extension) Anything made of reed or cane; reed-pipe, flute; gondola; windpipe.
Quidity
ESSENCE
In scholastic philosophy,
English: "quiddity"
Latin: "quidditas"
Greek: (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι) "the what it was being he is"
or "the what it was to be (a given thing)".
τὸ
Neuter diminutive article ("the")
τί
Interrogative pronoun ("what")
ἦν • (ên)
Third person ("it was being")
first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of εἰμί (eimí): ("I/he/she/it was")
εἶναι • (eînai)
present infinitive of ( εἰμῐ́ )
εἰμῐ́ • (eimí)
1. To be, exist; (of persons) To live.
2. (of events) To happen.
3. To be the case.
4. (copulative) To be [+nominative = something, someone]
5. (third person, impersonal) it is possible [+infinitive = that ...]
The term “quiddity” derives from the Latin word quidditas, which was used by the medieval scholastics as a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle’s Greek to ti en einai (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι)[2] or “the what it was to be (a given thing)”.
Synonym
ἔξεστι (éxesti) (it is possible)
ἔξεστιν
EXIST
Original Word: ἔξεστιν Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: exesti Phonetic Spelling: (ex'-es-tee) Definition: it is permitted, lawful Usage: it is permitted, lawful, possible.
from ek and eimi
Original Word: ἐκ, ἐξ Part of Speech: Preposition Transliteration: ek or ex Phonetic Spelling: (ek) Definition: from, from out of Usage: from out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards.
properly, “out from and to” (the outcome); out from within.
1537 /ek (“out of”) is one of the most under-translated (and therefore mis-translated) Greek propositions –
often being confined to the meaning (“by”)
1537 (ek) has a two-layered meaning (“out from and to”) which makes it out-come oriented (out of the depths of the source and extending to its impact on the object).
A prim. preposition denoting (“origin”)
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Original Word: εἰμί Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: eimi Phonetic Spelling: (i-mee') Definition: I exist, I am Usage: I am, exist.
1510 eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. “to be”) – (“am, is”)
1510 (eimí), and its counterparts, (properly) convey “straight-forward” being (existence, i.e. without explicit limits).
1510 /eimí (“is, am”) – in the present tense, indicative mood – can be time-inclusive (“omnitemporal,” like the Hebrew imperfect tense).
Only the context indicates whether the present tense also has “timeless” implications.
For example, 1510 (eimí) is aptly used in Christ’s great “I am” (ego eimi . . . ) that also include His eternality (self-existent life) as our life, bread, light,” etc. See Jn 7:34, 8:58, etc.
Example: Jn 14:6: "I am (1510 /eimí) the way, the truth and the life." Here 1510 (eimí) naturally accords with the fact Christ is eternal – meaning "I am (was, will be)."
The “I am formula (Gk egō eimi)” harks back to God’s only name, “Yahweh” (OT/3068, “the lord”) – meaning “He who always was, is, and will be.”
Compare Jn 8:58 with Ex 3:14. See also Rev 4:8 and 2962 /kýrios (“Lord”).
I. εἰμί has the force of a predicate (i. e. is the substantive verb): to be, i. e.
Passages in which the idea of the verb preponderates, and some person or thing is said to exist by way of distinction from things non-existent: ἐστιν ὁ Θεός ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν ἐν ἀρχή ἦν ὁ λόγος πρίν Ἀβραάμ γενέσθαι, ἐγώ εἰμί πρό τοῦ τόν κόσμον εἶναι ἦν, καί οὐκ ἐστι καίπερ ἐστιν
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ἤμεθα (ēmetha) — 5 Occurrences Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P GRK: λέγετε Εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς NAS: If we had been [living] in the days INT: you say If we had been in the
Matthew 23:30 V-II-1P
GRK: οὐκ ἂν ἤμεθα αὐτῶν κοινωνοὶ
NAS: of our fathers, we would not have been partners
INT: not anyhow we would have been with them partakers.
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ᾖ (ē) — 43 Occurrences
Matthew 6:4 V-PSA-3S
GRK: ὅπως ᾖ σου ἡ
INT: so that might be your
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ἤμην (ēmēn) — 15 Occurrences
Matthew 25:35 V-II-1S
GRK: με ξένος ἤμην καὶ συνηγάγετέ
INT: me a stranger I was and you took in
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ἦμεν (ēmen) — 8 Occurrences
Acts 11:11 V-II-1P
GRK: ἐν ᾗ ἦμεν ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ
INT: in which we were sent from
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ἦν (ēn) — 315 Occurrences
Matthew 7:29 V-II-3S
GRK: ἦν γὰρ διδάσκων
INT: he was indeed teaching
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ἦς (ēs) — 7 Occurrences
Matthew 25:21 V-II-2S
GRK: ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός ἐπὶ
INT: over a few things you were faithful over
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ἦσαν (ēsan) — 95 Occurrences
Matthew 4:18 V-II-3P
GRK: τὴν θάλασσαν ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς
INT: the sea they were indeed fishermen
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ἦσθα (ēstha) — 2 Occurrences
Matthew 26:69 V-II-2S
GRK: Καὶ σὺ ἦσθα μετὰ Ἰησοῦ
INT: Also you were with Jesus
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ἦτε (ēte) — 19 Occurrences
John 9:41 V-II-2P
GRK: Εἰ τυφλοὶ ἦτε οὐκ ἂν
INT: If blind you [all] were not anyhow
John 14:3 V-PSA-2P
GRK: καὶ ὑμεῖς ἦτε
INT: also you [all] might be
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ἤτω (ētō) — 2 Occurrences
1 Corinthians 16:22 V-PM-3S
GRK: τὸν κύριον ἤτω ἀνάθεμα μαρανα
INT: the Lord let him be accursed Maran
James 5:12 V-PM-3S
GRK: τινὰ ὅρκον ἤτω δὲ ὑμῶν
INT: any oath let be however of you
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εἴη (eiē) — 12 Occurrences
Luke 1:29 V-PO-3S
GRK: διελογίζετο ποταπὸς εἴη ὁ ἀσπασμὸς
INT: was pondering of what kind might be the salutation
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εἰμὶ (eimi) — 141 Occurrences
Matthew 3:11 V-PI-1S
GRK: οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς τὰ
INT: of whom not I am fit the
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εἶναι (einai) — 126 Occurrences
Matthew 16:13 V-PN
GRK: οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τὸν υἱὸν
INT: men to be the Son
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εἰσίν (eisin) — 159 Occurrences
Matthew 2:18 V-PI-3P
GRK: ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν
INT: because no more are they (they are)
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ἔσῃ (esē) — 8 Occurrences
Luke 1:20 V-FI-2S
GRK: καὶ ἰδοὺ ἔσῃ σιωπῶν καὶ
INT: and Behold you will be silent and
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ἔσεσθαι (esesthai) — 4 Occurrences
Acts 11:28 V-FN
GRK: μεγάλην μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι ἐφ’ ὅλην
INT: great is about to be over all
Acts 23:30 V-FN
GRK: τὸν ἄνδρα ἔσεσθαι ἐξαυτῆς ἔπεμψα
INT: the man to be [carried out] at once I sent [him]
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ἐσμεν (esmen) — 52 Occurrences
Mark 5:9 V-PI-1P
GRK: ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν
INT: because many we are (are we)
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ἔσομαι (esomai) — 13 Occurrences
Matthew 17:17 V-FI-1S
GRK: μεθ’ ὑμῶν ἔσομαι ἕως πότε
INT: with you will I be how long when
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ἐσόμενον (esomenon) — 1 Occurrence Luke 22:49 V-FP-ANS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ ἐσόμενον εἶπαν Κύριε INT: him what was about to happen said Lord \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ἐσόμεθα (esometha) — 4 Occurrences Romans 6:5 V-FI-1P GRK: τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα INT: of the resurrection we will be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ἔσονται (esontai) — 33 Occurrences
Matthew 12:27 V-FI-3P
GRK: αὐτοὶ κριταὶ ἔσονται ὑμῶν
INT: they judges will be of you
Matthew 19:5 V-FI-3P
GRK: αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσονται οἱ δύο
INT: of him and will become the two
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ἔσται (estai) — 119 Occurrences
Matthew 5:21 V-FI-3S
GRK: φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει
INT: shall murder liable will be to the judgment
Matthew 5:22 V-FI-3S
GRK: αὐτοῦ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει
INT: of him liable will be to the judgment
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ἐστε (este) — 93 Occurrences
Matthew 5:11 V-PI-2P
GRK: μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν
INT: Blessed are you [all] when they shall insult
Matthew 5:13 V-PI-2P
GRK: Ὑμεῖς ἐστὲ τὸ ἅλας
INT: You [all] are the salt
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ἐστί (esti) — 1 Occurrence Acts 18:10 V-PI-3S GRK: διότι λαός ἐστί μοι πολὺς INT: because people there is to me much \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ἐστιν (estin) — 903 Occurrences
Matthew 1:20 V-PI-3S
GRK: ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἁγίου
INT: from [the] Spirit is Holy
Matthew 1:23 V-PI-3S
GRK: Ἐμμανουήλ ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Μεθ’
INT: Immanuel which is translated With
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ἔστω (estō) — 12 Occurrences
Matthew 5:37 V-PM-3S
GRK: ἔστω δὲ ὁ
INT: let it be moreover the
Matthew 18:17 V-PM-3S
GRK: ἐκκλησίας παρακούσῃ ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ
INT: church he fail to listen to let him be to you as
ἔστω - LET IT BE
Acts 1:20 V-PM-3S GRK: καὶ μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν INT: and not let there be [one person] dwelling \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Ἔστωσαν - LET US BE
Ἔστωσαν (Estōsan) — 2 Occurrences
Luke 12:35 V-PM-3P
GRK: Ἔστωσαν ὑμῶν αἱ
INT: Let us be your
1 Timothy 3:12 V-PM-3P GRK: διάκονοι ἔστωσαν μιᾶς γυναικὸς INT: Those who serve let us be of one wife \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ἴσθι - YOU BE
ἴσθι (isthi) — 5 Occurrences
Matthew 2:13 V-PM-2S
GRK: Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως
INT: Egypt and you remain there until
Matthew 5:25 V-PM-2S
GRK: ἴσθι εὐνοῶν τῷ
INT: You Be agreeing with
Mark 5:34 V-PM-2S
GRK: εἰρήνην καὶ ἴσθι ὑγιὴς ἀπὸ
INT: peace and you be sound from
Luke 19:17 V-PM-2S GRK: πιστὸς ἐγένου ἴσθι ἐξουσίαν ἔχων INT: faithful you were be you authority having \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὦ - I MIGHT BE
ὦ (ō) — 2 Occurrences John 9:5 V-PSA-1S GRK: τῷ κόσμῳ ὦ φῶς εἰμὶ NAS: While I am in the world, I am KJV: the world, I am the light INT: the world I might be [the] light I am
Philippians 2:28 V-PSA-1S
GRK: κἀγὼ ἀλυπότερος ὦ
INT: and I less anxious might be
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ὦμεν - WE SHOULD BE
ὦμεν (ōmen) — 3 Occurrences
2 Corinthians 1:9 V-PSA-1P
GRK: μὴ πεποιθότες ὦμεν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς
INT: not be trusting we should be in self
2 Corinthians 13:7 V-PSA-1P
GRK: ὡς ἀδόκιμοι ὦμεν
INT: as rejected be
Ephesians 4:14 V-PSA-1P
GRK: ἵνα μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι κλυδωνιζόμενοι
INT: that no longer we might be infants being tossed
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ὢν - IT IS BEING
ὢν (ōn) — 45 Occurrences Matthew 1:19 V-PP-NMS GRK: αὐτῆς δίκαιος ὢν καὶ μὴ INT: of her righteous being and not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὦσιν - THEY MIGHT BE
ὦσιν (ōsin) — 11 Occurrences Mark 3:14 V-PSA-3P GRK: ὠνόμασεν ἵνα ὦσιν μετ' αὐτοῦ INT: he calls that they might be with him \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὂν - IT IS BEING "\_\_\_\_"
ὂν (on) — 1 Occurrence Mark 4:31 V-PP-NNS GRK: γῆς μικρότερον ὂν πάντων τῶν INT: earth smallest is of all the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὄντα - "\_\_\_\_" HE IS BEING ὄντα (onta) — 19 Occurrences Matthew 6:30 V-PP-AMS GRK: ἀγροῦ σήμερον ὄντα καὶ αὔριον INT: field today which is and tomorrow
Luke 12:28 V-PP-AMS
GRK: τὸν χόρτον ὄντα σήμερον καὶ
INT: the grass which is [here] today and
Luke 22:3 V-PP-AMS
GRK: καλούμενον Ἰσκαριώτην ὄντα ἐκ τοῦ
INT: is called Iscariot being of the
Luke 23:7 V-PP-AMS GRK: πρὸς Ἡρῴδην ὄντα καὶ αὐτὸν INT: to Herod being also himself \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὄντας - "\_\_\_\_" THEY WERE BEING ὄντας (ontas) — 11 Occurrences Acts 9:2 V-PP-AMP GRK: τῆς ὁδοῦ ὄντας ἄνδρας τε INT: of the way being men both \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὄντες - THEY WERE BEING "\_\_\_\_"
ὄντες (ontes) — 26 Occurrences Matthew 7:11 V-PP-NMP GRK: ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε δόματα INT: you evil being know [how] gifts \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὄντι - "\_\_\_\_" + "\_\_\_\_" (to) HE WAS BEING
ὄντι (onti) — 4 Occurrences Acts 7:2 V-PP-DMS GRK: ἡμῶν Ἀβραὰμ ὄντι ἐν τῇ INT: of us Abraham being in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ὄντων - OF US
ὄντων (ontōn) — 6 Occurrences
John 21:11 V-PP-GMP
GRK: καὶ τοσούτων ὄντων οὐκ ἐσχίσθη
INT: although so many there were not was torn
Acts 19:36 V-PP-GNP
GRK: ἀναντιρρήτων οὖν ὄντων τούτων δέον
INT: Undeniable therefore being these things necessary
Romans 5:6 V-PP-GMP
GRK: γὰρ Χριστὸς ὄντων ἡμῶν ἀσθενῶν
INT: for Christ being of us without strength
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ὄντος - OF ME
ὄντος (ontos) — 15 Occurrences Mark 8:1 V-PP-GMS GRK: πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος καὶ μὴ INT: great [the] crowd being and not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ οὖσα - SHE IS BEING
οὖσα (ousa) — 6 Occurrences Mark 5:25 V-PP-NFS GRK: καὶ γυνὴ οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει INT: And a woman being with a flux \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ οὖσαι - SHE [ALL] IS BEING
οὖσαι (ousai) — 1 Occurrence Romans 13:1 V-PP-NFP GRK: αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ INT: those moreover exist of God \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ οὖσαν - "\_\_\_\_" SHE IS BEING
οὖσαν (ousan) — 6 Occurrences
Luke 13:16 V-PP-AFS
GRK: θυγατέρα Ἀβραὰμ οὖσαν ἣν ἔδησεν
INT: a daughter of Abraham being whom has bound
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οὔσῃ - “____” + “____” (to) SHE IS BEING
οὔσῃ (ousē) — 4 Occurrences Luke 2:5 V-PP-DFS GRK: ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ οὔσῃ ἐνκύῳ INT: was betrothed to him she being with child \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ οὔσης - BEING OF HER
οὔσης (ousēs) — 6 Occurrences
Mark 11:11 V-PP-GFS
GRK: ὀψίας ἤδη οὔσης τῆς ὥρας
INT: late already being the hour
John 4:9 V-PP-GFS GRK: γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος οὔσης οὐ γὰρ INT: a woman Samaritan being not indeed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ οὖσιν - "\_\_\_\_" + "\_\_\_\_" (to) THEY ARE BEING οὖσιν (ousin) — 9 Occurrences Mark 2:26 V-PP-DMP GRK: σὺν αὐτῷ οὖσιν INT: with him were
Acts 16:21 V-PP-DMP
GRK: ποιεῖν Ῥωμαίοις οὖσιν
INT: to do Romans being
Acts 20:34 V-PP-DMP GRK: καὶ τοῖς οὖσιν μετ' ἐμοῦ INT: and to those who were with me \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ οὐσῶν - OF THE WOMEN (plural)
οὐσῶν (ousōn) — 1 Occurrence
1 Thessalonians 2:14 V-PP-GFP
GRK: θεοῦ τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ
INT: of God which are in
Haecceity
THIS-NESS
“Haecceity” (/hɛkˈsiːɪti, hiːk-/; from the Latin haecceitas, which translates as “thisness”) is a term from medieval scholastic philosophy, first coined by followers of Duns Scotus to denote a concept that he seems to have originated: the discrete qualities, properties or characteristics of a thing that make it a particular thing. Haecceity is a person’s or object’s thisness, the individualising difference between the concept “a man” and the concept “Socrates” (i.e., a specific person).
Haecceity is a literal translation of the equivalent term in Aristotle’s Greek to ti esti (τὸ τί ἐστι)[2] or “the what (it) is.”
Charles Sanders Peirce later used the term as a non-descriptive reference to an individual.
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Haecceity vrs. Quiddity
Haecceity may be defined in some dictionaries as simply the “essence” of a thing, or as a simple synonym for quiddity or hypokeimenon. However, such a definition deprives the term of its subtle distinctiveness and utility. Whereas haecceity refers to aspects of a thing that make it a particular thing, quiddity refers to the universal qualities of a thing, its “whatness”, or the aspects of a thing it may share with other things and by which it may form part of a genus of things.
Duns Scotus makes the following distinction:
Because there is among beings something indivisible into subjective parts—that is, such that it is formally incompatible for it to be divided into several parts each of which is it—the question is not what it is by which such a division is formally incompatible with it (because it is formally incompatible by incompatibility), but rather what it is by which, as by a proximate and intrinsic foundation, this incompatibility is in it. Therefore, the sense of the questions on this topic [viz. of individuation] is: What is it in [e.g.] this stone, by which as by a proximate foundation it is absolutely incompatible with the stone for it to be divided into several parts each of which is this stone, the kind of division that is proper to a universal whole as divided into its subjective parts?
— Duns Scotus, Ordinatio II, d. 3, p. 1. q. 2, n. 48]
νούμενον
THING-IN-ITSELF
(The thing prior to manifest appearance)
(The thing prior to conscious observation)
In metaphysics, the noumenon (/ˈnuːmənɒn/, UK also /ˈnaʊ-/; from Greek: νούμενον) is a posited object or event that exists independently of human sense and/or perception.[1] The term noumenon is generally used when contrasted with, or in relation to, the term phenomenon, which refers to anything that can be apprehended by or is an object of the senses. Modern philosophy has generally been skeptical of the possibility of knowledge independent of the senses, and Immanuel Kant gave this point of view its canonical expression: that the noumenal world may exist, but it is completely unknowable through human sensation.[2] In Kantian philosophy, the unknowable noumenon is often linked to the unknowable “thing-in-itself” (in Kant’s German, Ding an sich), although how to characterize the nature of the relationship is a question still open to some controversy.
The Greek word νοούμενoν nooúmenon (plural νοούμενα nooúmena) is the neuter middle-passive present participle of νοεῖν noeîn “to think, to mean”, which in turn originates from the word νοῦς noûs, an Attic contracted form of νόος nóos[a] “perception, understanding, mind.”[3][4] A rough equivalent in English would be “something that is thought”, or “the object of an act of thought”.
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy writes “Platonic Ideas and Forms are noumenon[b], and phenomena are things displaying themselves to the senses. […] that noumena and the noumenal world are objects of the highest knowledge, truths, and values is Plato’s principal legacy to philosophy.”
The thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is a concept introduced by Immanuel Kant. Things-in-themselves would be objects as they are, independent of observation. The concept led to much controversy among philosophers.
Kant argued the sum of all objects, the empirical world, is a complex of appearances whose existence and connection occur only in our representations.[2] Kant introduces the thing-in-itself as follows:
And we indeed, rightly considering objects of sense as mere appearances, confess thereby that they are based upon a thing in itself, though we know not this thing as it is in itself, but only know its appearances, viz., the way in which our senses are affected by this unknown something.
— Prolegomena, § 32
The first to criticize the concept of a thing-in-itself was F. H. Jacobi, with the expression:
I could not enter into the system without the assumption of the concept of the thing-in-itself and, on the other hand, I could not remain in it with this concept.
G. E. Schulze
The anonymously published work Aenesidemus was one of the most successful attacks against the project of Kant. According to Kant’s teaching, things-in-themselves cannot cause appearances, since the Category of causality can find application on objects of experience only. Kant, therefore, does not have the right to claim the existence of things-in-themselves.
This contradiction was subsequently generally accepted as being the main problem of the thing-in-itself. The attack on the thing-in-itself, and the skeptical work in general, had a big impact on Fichte, and Schopenhauer called G. E. Schulze, who was revealed to be the author, “the acutest” of Kant’s opponents.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Initially Fichte embraced the Kantian philosophy, including a thing-in-itself, but the work of Schulze made him revise his position.
Aenesidemus, which I consider one of the most remarkable products of our decade, has convinced me of something which I admittedly already suspected: that even after the labors of Kant and Reinhold, philosophy is still not a science. Aenesidemus has shaken my own system to its very foundations, and, since one cannot live very well under the open sky, I have been forced to construct a new system. I am convinced that philosophy can become a science only if it is generated from one single principle, but that it must then become just as self-evident as geometry.
Although Arthur Schopenhauer agreed with the critics that the manner in which Kant had introduced the thing-in-itself was inadmissible, he considered that Kant was right to assert its existence, and praised the distinction between thing-in-itself and appearance as his greatest merit.
υπονοεί
υπονοώ
υπονόησα
TO IMPLY - IMPLIED - IMPLICATION
υπονοεί
From υπο (“under”) and νοέω (“conceive”)
From νόος (“mind”) + -έω (denominative verbal suffix).
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νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)) Verb to perceive, observe, see, notice to think, suppose to think out, devise, contrive (in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing to conceive of, to deem (of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean.
From νόος (nóos, “mind”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix).
-έω • (-éō)
Suffix
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).
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νόος • (nóos) m (genitive νόου); second declension
Noun
mind
perception, sense
mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul
the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will
an act of mind
thought
purpose, design
the sense or meaning of a word
(in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason
(as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter.
νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension (Attic)
contracted form of νόος (nóos)
Perhaps from νέω (“I spin”)
Of uncertain etymology, perhaps meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”.
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νέω • (néō)
Verb
(“I spin”)
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁-
*(s)neh₁-
Root
to spin (thread), to sew.
Compare Latin - neō present infinitive - nēre perfect active - nēvi supine - nētum Verb (transitive) I spin; weave, interlace, entwine. From Proto-Italic *nēō I son, weave, twist.
Compare to Sanskrit “sutra”
Sanskrit: सूत्र, Sutra - romanized: sūtra, lit.
सूत्र - sutra (“string, thread”)
in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text.
The Sanskrit word Sūtra (Sanskrit: सूत्र, Pali: sūtta, Ardha Magadhi: sūya) means “string, thread”.[1][2] The root of the word is siv, that which sews and holds things together.
The word is related to sūci (Sanskrit: सूचि) meaning “needle, list”, and sūnā (Sanskrit: सूना) meaning “woven”.
In the context of literature, sūtra means a distilled collection of syllables and words, any form or manual of “aphorism, rule, direction” hanging together like threads with which the teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar, or any field of knowledge can be woven.
A sūtra is any short rule, states Moriz Winternitz, in Indian literature; it is “a theorem condensed in few words”.
A collection of sūtras becomes a text, and this is also called sūtra.
A sūtra is a condensed rule which succinctly states the message,[15] while a Shloka is a verse that conveys the complete message and is structured to certain rules of musical meter,[16][17] a Anuvyakhaya is an explanation of the reviewed text, while a Vyakhya is a comment by the reviewer.
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υπονοώ • (yponoó)
simple past - υπονόησα
Verb
(“imply, insinuate, suggest”)
υπονοούμενο n (yponooúmeno, “an insinuation”)
συνεπάγομαι
ENTAIL (mutually entailing)
Beget, imply, entail, necessitate , descendent .
This words literally means, to cut a grape sprig from the parent vine, graft it or plant it, so that it grows and produces fruit that is “of the same genus” as the parent grape vine. It inherits the fruitful attributes of its parents.
From
nominalization of the verb πήγνυμι (to stick, fasten, build, fix), “that, what is built, fixed”
πήγνῡμῐ • (pḗgnūmi) Verb I secure, stick in, fix on. I fixate upon. I fasten, put together, unite, build.
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-.
*peh₂ǵ-
(“to attach”)
Cognates include Latin pangō
Latin: pangō (“I fasten, fix”)
Latin: pactus
pāctus (feminine pācta, neuter pāctum); first/second-declension participle
(“fastened, fixed, planted”)
pangō (present infinitive pangere, perfect active pānxī or pēgī or pepigī, supine pānctum or pāctum); third conjugation
I fasten, fix, set, especially drive, sink, force in
(metonymically) I set, plant
(transferred) I beget (children)
(figuratively, of compositions) I compose, write.
(figuratively, of actions) I celebrate, tell of, record, compose accounts of
(figuratively) I fix, determine, settle, especially—
I agree upon; I covenant, agree, stipulate, contract (only in perfect forms)
(of marital matters) I promise, pledge, engage to do, undertake to perform.
Cognates include Ancient Greek πήγνυμι. πήγνῡμῐ • (pḗgnūmi) Verb I secure, stick in, fix on. I fixate upon. I fasten, put together, unite, build. I make solid, stiffen, freeze, curdle. (figuratively) I fix, establish, determine.
Old English fōn (English fang).
fōn
("to seize, take")
From Proto-Germanic / *fanhaną
to take, to seize.
to capture, to catch.
Etymology
To cut a sprig from the vine, plant it or graft it onto another vine, for it to grow into it own plant to produce good fruit from the shoot of IRS parent, a Superior vine.
In commercial viticulture, grapevines are rarely propagated from seedlings as each seed contains unique genetic information from its two parent varieties (the flowering parent and the parent that provided the pollen that fertilized the flower) and would, theoretically, be a different variety than either parent.
This would be true even if two hermaphroditic vine varieties, such as Chardonnay, cross pollinated each other. While the grape clusters that would arise from the pollination would be considered Chardonnay any vines that sprang from one of the seeds of the grape berries would be considered a distinct variety other than Chardonnay. It is for this reason that grapevines are usually propagated from cuttings while grape breeders will utilize seedlings to come up with new grape varieties.
entail (third-person singular simple present entails, present participle entailing, simple past and past participle entailed)
(transitive) To imply or require.
This activity will entail careful attention to detail.
(transitive) To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; – said especially of an estate; to bestow as a heritage.
(transitive, obsolete) To appoint hereditary possessor.
(transitive, obsolete) To cut or carve in an ornamental way.
From Middle English entaillen, from Old French entaillier, entailler (“to notch”, literally “to cut in”); from prefix en- + tailler (“to cut”)
from Late Latin taliare,
from Latin talea.
Compare late Latin feudum talliatum (“a fee entailed, i.e., curtailed or limited”).
From en- Prefix en- (in; into) en- (intensifier) From Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”).
From Latin - taliō present infinitive - taliāre perfect active - taliāvī supine taliātum Verb I cut I prune (cut a shoot)
From French - tailler Verb (of a suit, garment etc.) to cut to sharpen (takes a reflexive pronoun, informal) to do one, to clear off.
From Latin - tālea f genitive - tāleae A long or slender piece of wood or metal; rod, stick, stake, bar. A cutting, set or layer for planting. (by extension) A scion, twig, sprig.
Ancient Greek: (ἅ)παξ ((há)pax)
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SCION
scion (plural scions)
A descendant, especially a first-generation descendant.
A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting; a shoot or twig in a general sense.
The heir to a throne.
A guardian.
From Middle English sion, sioun, syon, scion, cion, from Old French cion, ciun, cyon, sion; from Frankish *kīþō, *kīþ, from Proto-Germanic *kīþô, *kīþą, *kīþaz (“sprout”), from Proto-Indo-European *geye (“to split open, sprout”), same source as Old English ċīþ (“a young shoot; sprout; germ; sprig”), Old Saxon kīth (“sprout; germ”), Old High German kīdi (“offshoot; sprout; germ”). See also French scion and Picard chion.[1]. Doublet of chit.
θεωρῶ
I UNDERSTAND
θεωρῶ
I understand
V-PIA-1S
έννοια / ἔννοιᾰ
εννοώ
ἐννοέω
συνεννόηση
IN MIND - CONCEPT - MEANING
έννοια • (énnoia) f (plural έννοιες)
Noun
concept, meaning, essential features.
from εν- (“in”) + νους (“mind”).
From Byzantine Greek έγνοια with [ɣn] > [n]
from Ancient Greek ἔννοια (énnoia).
Mophologically from εν- (“in”) + νους (“mind”).
Alternative form of έγνοια (“care, concern”)
ἔννοιᾰ • (énnoia) f (genitive ἐννοίᾱς); first declension
Noun
the act of thinking, thought, consideration
a thought, notion, conception
a thought, intent, design
(lexicography) the sense of a word
(in rhetoric) a thought put into words, a sentence.
From ἐννοέω (“to consider, reflect upon”) + -ῐᾰ (abstract non suffix)
εννοιοκρατία f (“conceptualism”) (philosophy)
εννοιολογικός (ennoiologikós, “semasiological”)
and see: εννοώ (ennoó, “mean; understand”)
εννοώ • (ennoó) (simple past εννόησα, passive εννοούμαι)
Verb
mean, signify
understand
I am decided, have made up my mind
(at 3rd passive persons) it is understood, of course
Morphologically, from εν- (“in”) + νοώ (“think, understand”).
συνεννόηση f ( “understanding, communication”)
From συνεννοη- (synennoï-, “past tense stem of συνεννοούμαι to communicate, to understand”) + -ση
επικοινωνία • (epikoinonía) f (plural επικοινωνίες)
communication (between two people, machines, etc)
αλληλεπικοινωνία f (“intercommunication”)
επικοινωνώ (“to talk, to communicate”)
επικοινωνώ • (epikoinonó) (simple past επικοινώνησα)
talk, communicate
Έχουμε επικοινωνήσει όλη την ημέρα. ― We talked all day long.
διαφωνία f (“disagreement”)
ασυνεννοησία f (“lack of understanding”)
(understanding, agreement):
ακατανοησία f (“incomprehension”)
(communication):
ασυνεννοησία f (“lack of communication”)
συζήτηση • (syzítisi) f (plural συζητήσεις)
Searching for answers together.
dialogue (especially exchange of views)
dialogue, conversation.
συνομιλία f (synomilía)
διάλογος m (diálogos)
κουβέντα f (kouvénta)
συνομιλία • (synomilía) f (plural συνομιλίες)
dialogue, exchange of views
dialogue, conversation.
διᾰ́λογος • (diálogos) m (genitive διᾰλόγου); second declension
(“dialogue”)
διαλέγω • (dialégō)
I choose, gather, pick (out), select.
From δια- (dia-) + λέγω (légō, “to speak, choose, gather”).
ᾔδεις
YOU [All] HAD KNOWN
ᾔδεις
you had known
V-LIA-2S
ὑπνος
HYPNOSIS
ὑπνος “sleep”
and the suffix -ωσις
ὑπνόω "put to sleep" ύπνωση - hypnosis υπνωτίζω - hypnotize υπνωτιστής - hypnotist υπνωτισμένοι - hypnotized είχε υπνωτιστεί - had hypnotized είχαν υπνωτιστεί - had been hypnotized να υπνωτιστεί - to hypnotize να είναι υπνωτισμένοι - to be hypnotized
είμαι υπνωτισμένος - I am hypnotized είσαι υπνωτισμένος - you are hypnotized είναι υπνωτισμένος - He is hypnotized είμαστε υπνωτισμένοι - We are hypnotized είστε υπνωτισμένοι - you are hypnotized είναι υπνωτισμένοι - they are hypnotized \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ύπνος • (ýpnos) m
plural - ύπνοι
sleep
From Ancient Greek ὕπνος (“sleep”) from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos from the root *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognates include English sweven Sanskrit स्वप्न (svápna) Italian sonno and Latvian sapnis.
Ῠ̔́πνος • (Húpnos) m (genitive Ῠ̔́πνου)
Proper Noun
(Greek mythology) Hypnos, the Greek (“mythological god of sleep”)
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ῠ̔πνωτῐκός • (hupnōtikós) m (feminine ῠ̔πνωτῐκή, neuter ῠ̔πνωτῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
inclined to sleep, sleepy.
inducing sleep, soporific.
Derived from ὑπνόω (“I put to sleep”) + -τικός (adjectival derivational suffix).
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ἐξυπνίζω
ἐξ-υπν-ίζω
Verb
("Awaken")
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Proto-Indo-European
*swépnos m
Noun
(“sleep, slumber”)
Synonym: *supnós
*supnós m
Noun
(“sleep, death”)
From *swep- (“to sleep”) + *-nós.
*swep-
Root
(“to sleep”)
*supnós m
(“Dream, sleep, death”)
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LATIN
somnus m (genitive somnī); second declension Noun somnus sleep drowsiness, slumber sloth, idleness (figuratively) death.
From Proto-Indo-European *swépnos,
from the root *swep- (“to sleep”)
SUFFIX
*(Ø)-nós
Creates verbal adjectives from roots.
*(Ø)-tós
Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems.
-τός • (-tós) m (feminine -τή, neuter -τόν)
Creates verbal adjectives of possibility.
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Hittite: 𒋗𒌒𒈦𒉿𒀭𒍝 (su-up-pár-wa-an-za /supparwanz(a)
“sleepy”
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OLD IRISH
súan m
Noun
slumber, sleep
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OLD ENGLISH
sweven (plural swevens)
Noun
(archaic) A dream.
(archaic) A vision.
from Old English swefn (“sleep, dream, vision”)
from Proto-Germanic *swefną, *swefnaz (“sleep”)
Middle Dutch swēven Verb to move back and forth to wander to float (on water) to float (through the air) to remain, to be (in a particular state)
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ὑπναλέος (hupnaléos) ὑπναπάτης (hupnapátēs) ὑπνάω (hupnáō) ὑπνηλός (hupnēlós) ὑπνηρός (hupnērós) ὑπνίδιος (hupnídios) ὑπνικός (hupnikós) ὑπνίζω (hupnízō) ὑπνοδότειρα (hupnodóteira) ὑπνοδότης (hupnodótēs) ὑπνοφανής (hupnophanḗs) ὑπνοφόβης (hupnophóbēs) ὑπνοφόρος (hupnophóros) ὑπνομαχέω (hupnomakhéō) ὑπνοποιέω (hupnopoiéō) ὑπνοποιός (hupnopoiós) Ὕπνος (Húpnos) ὑπνόω (hupnóō) ὑπνώδης (hupnṓdēs) ὑπνώδια (hupnṓdia) ὑπνώσσω (hupnṓssō) ὑπνωτικός (hupnōtikós) ὑπνώω (hupnṓō)
ανάλυση
ANALYSIS
ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις)
Noun
analysis, interpretation
(linguistics) parsing.
ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension
Noun
a loosing, releasing
a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis
(in Aristotle’s Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one
the solution of a problem
retrogression, retirement, departure.
From ἀναλύω (“I unravel, investigate”) + -σις
αναλύω • (analýo) (simple past ανέλυσα, ανάλυσα, passive αναλύομαι)
Verb
analyse (UK), analyze (US), assay
(linguistics) parse
(by extension) dilute
(by extension) psychoanalyse (especially in the passive)
Synonym: ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo)
From Ancient Greek ἀναλύω (“unloose; resolve into its elements”).
Morphologically, from ανα- + λύω.
λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal)
Verb
terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form)
λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned
λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated
dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος
see imperative λύσατε
αναλυτικά (analytiká, “analytically”)
αναλυτικός (analytikós, “analytical”)
αναλύομαι (analýomai, “to be analysed”)
ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo, “to psychoanalyse”)
and see: αναλύω (analýo, “to analyse, to analyze”)
λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)
From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”). Cognates include Latin luō (“expiate, pay”), Sanskrit लून (lunā́ti, “sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate”), English loose
σῠ́νθεσῐς
SYNTHESIS
σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension
Noun
a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis
(mathematics) addition
agreement, treaty
collection.
From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) + -σῐς (-sis).
σύνθεση • (sýnthesi) f (plural συνθέσεις)
Noun
composition (the formation of the complex by combination of simpler)
(chemistry) synthesis (especially by condensation)
(music) composition, musical work
(linguistics) compounding (the formation of long word by combination of shorter ones)
σύνθεση f (“composition, synthesis”)
σύνθετος (“composite”, adjective)
συνθέτης m (“composer of music”)
σύνθετος • (sýnthetos) m (feminine σύνθετη, neuter σύνθετο)
Adjective
composite, compound, synthetic
θεωρώ
θεωρώ (theoró, “to consider, to scrutinise”)
Verb
θεωρώ • (theoró) (simple past θεώρησα, passive θεωρούμαι)
consider, regard Synonym: νομίζω scrutinise Synonym: ελέγχω validate (a document) Synonym: επικυρώνω examine a text to make corrections.
From Ancient Greek θεωρῶ (theōrô). Doublet of θωρώ (thoró).
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θωρώ • (thoró)
Verb
(vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over
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θεωρία • (theoría) f
Noun
theory
That which resulted from contemplation.
θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f (genitive θεωρῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation.
From θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (Added to stems of adjectives, or rarely to the stems of verbs, to form feminine abstract nouns).
From PIE Suffix *(é)-(o)-h₂ n
Creates collective nouns, which refer to groups or sets of things.
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θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension
Noun
spectator
envoy sent to consult an oracle.
From θέᾱ (théā, “sight”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see”).
Although with partial signification from θεός (theós, “god”).
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θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension
view, sight
See also…θεά f (theá, “goddess”)
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θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb (passive) I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review
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θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n (genitive θαύμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
a wonder, marvel, something strange
(in the plural) jugglers’ tricks
the feeling of wonder, astonishment.
From the root of θεάομαι (theáomai, “to wonder at, gaze at”) + -μᾰ (-ma).
θαύμα • (thávma) n (plural θαύματα) Noun (religion) miracle, supernatural event (figuratively) marvel, wonder \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) Verb (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired.
θαυμάζω • (thavmázo) (simple past θαύμασα, passive θαυμάζομαι) Verb admire, feel admiration for look up to, look at with wonder be impressed by.
From θαῦμα (thaûma, “wonder, marvel”) + -άζω (-ázō, denominative verb suffix).
-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote:
adhere to the policy of the city
mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym
-ίζω (-ízō) + Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō)
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θαυμᾰσμός • (thaumasmós) m (genitive θαυμᾰσμοῦ); second declension Noun a wondering. θαυμασμός • (thavmasmós) m (plural θαυμασμοί) Noun admiration, adoration, appreciation. From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “I wonder”). \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m (feminine θαυμᾰστή, neuter θαυμᾰστόν); first/second declension
Adjective
Wonderful, marvelous
Admirable.
θαυμαστός • (thavmastós) m (feminine θαυμαστή, neuter θαυμαστό)
Adjective
admirable, wonderful, fine, splendid
(archaic) brave (splendid)
θαυμαστός καινούριος κόσμος ― brave new world.
From θαυμάζω (thaumázō, “to admire, be surprised at”) + -τος (-tos, adjective suffix).
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θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m (genitive θεᾱτοῦ); first declension (Attic, Koine)
Noun
one who sees or goes to see.
spectator, member of the audience in the theater.
one who contemplates.
θεατής • (theatís) m (plural θεατές)
spectator, observer, viewer, onlooker.
From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to gaze at”) + -της (-tēs, masculine agent noun suffix)
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θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό)
Adjective
visible, in sight, seen
η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon)
Synonym
ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό)
Adjective
("visible, in sight, seen")
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) Noun theatre (UK), theater (US) theatre building, audience Όλο το θέατρο χειροκρότησε δυνατά. ― The whole theatre applauded loudly. θέατρο σκιών ― shadow theatre dramatic art theatre of war.
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αθέατος • (athéatos) m (feminine αθέατη, neuter αθέατο)
Adjective
invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen
η αθέατη πλευρά της Σελήνης (the unseen side of the moon)
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αθεάτριστος • (atheátristos) m (feminine αθεάτριστη, neuter αθεάτριστο)
Adjective
not theatregoing, ignorant of the theatre, untheatrical.
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θέᾱτρον • (théātron) n (genitive θεᾱ́τρου); second declension Noun theatre, gathering place play, spectacle. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ἀμφῐθέᾱτρον • (amphithéātron) n (genitive ἀμφῐθέᾱτρου); second declension
Noun
amphitheatre, a double theatre.
From ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”) + θέᾱτρον (théātron, “theatre”).
From θεάομαι (theáomai, “to view”) + -τρον (-tron).
-τρον • (-tron) n (genitive -τρου); second declension
(“Forms instrument nouns”)
From Proto-Indo-European *-trom.
*(é)-trom n
Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.
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θεάομαι Verb (passive) of the mind, contemplate. view as spectators, esp. in the theatre. gaze at, behold, mostly with a sense of wonder. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
θεῷ • (theôi) m or f
Noun
singular dative of θεός (theós)
θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess.
θεός • (theós)
Adjective
(“divine”)
ᾰ̓́θεος • (átheos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́θεον); second declension
Adjective
without gods
rejecting or disdaining the belief in the gods (especially officially sanctioned gods)
generally: godless, secular
abandoned by the gods
(lexicography) not derived from a theonym.
ἀ- (a-, “not”) + θεός (theós, “god”)
θεός • (theós) m (plural θεοί, feminine θεά)
Non
(religion) god (supreme being or a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers)
Ο θεός των Αράβων είναι ο Αλλάχ. ― O theós ton Arávon eínai o Allách. ― The god of the Arabs is Allah.
Στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, ο Διόνυσος ήταν ο θεός του κρασιού. ― Stin archaía Elláda, o Diónysos ítan o theós tou krasioú. ― In Ancient Greece, Dionysus was the god of wine.
Alternative letter-case form of Θεός (Theós).
(figuratively) god, idol (something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed)
Όσον αφορά μουσική, ο Μότσαρτ ήταν ο θεός του. ― Óson aforá mousikí, o Mótsart ítan o theós tou. ― With regard to music, Mozart was his god.
Σε αυτόν τον κόσμο, δυστυχώς, τα λεφτά είναι ο θεός τους. ― Se aftón ton kósmo, dystychós, ta leftá eínai o theós tous. ― In this world, unfortunately, money is their god.
(figuratively, colloquial) god, Greek god (exceedingly handsome man)
Στην παραλία ήταν διάφοροι θεοί. ― Stin paralía ítan diáforoi theoí. ― There were several Greek gods on the beach.
SYNONYMS
ίνδαλμα • (índalma) n (plural ινδάλματα)
(“idol, cultural icon”)
είδωλο • (eídolo) n (plural είδωλα)
(“idol, reflection”)
εἴδωλον • (eídōlon) n (genitive εἰδώλου); second declension phantom, ghost. shape, figure, image. image of the mind: idea, fancy. representation, statue, idol. From εἶδος (eîdos, “form”).
εἶδος • (eîdos) n (genitive εἴδους or εἴδεος); third declension That which is seen: form, image, shape appearance, look, beauty (comeliness) sight fashion, sort, kind species wares, goods. From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”) from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Sanskrit वेदस् (védas). वेदस् • (védas) n knowledge, science. property, wealth. From Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing, image”) from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate to Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).
From Proto-Indo-European
*weyd- (stative)
("to see")
*wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative)
*widónts (“seeing”)
*wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”)
From εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic)
Verb
to be seen, appear.
(with infinitive) to appear, seem to do.
(reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like.
(intransitive) to be like, to look like.
From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”),
compare the very closely related οἶδα (oîda).
Cognate with Latin videō
Sanskrit वेत्ति (vetti)
εἶδος (eîdos, “form”)
ἰδέα (idéa, “form”)
ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”)
ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”)
οἶδᾰ • (oîda)
(transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something]
(with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one’s heart
(transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something]
(intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something]
(transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something]
(intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something]
to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs)
(negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don’t know if or whether, I doubt that
(parenthetic)
(a superlative is often followed by the phrase “ὧν ἴσμεν”)
εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive. (strengthened) to look at, observe. to see a person, to meet, speak with them. to see, experience, become acquainted with. to look at or towards. to see mentally, to perceive. to examine, investigate.
Greek: είδα (eída)
(perfective forms of βλέπω (vlépo) !!!
All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by…
ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι (ópsomai).
FROM ENGLISH - wit
from Old English witt (“understanding, intellect, sense, knowledge, consciousness, conscience”)
witt n (nominative plural witt)
(“mind, understanding, sense, sanity”)
wit (countable and uncountable, plural wits)
(now usually in the plural, plural only) Sanity.
He’s gone completely out of his wits.
(obsolete usually in the plural) The senses.
Intellectual ability; faculty of thinking, reasoning.
Where she has gone to is beyond the wit of man to say.
The ability to think quickly; mental cleverness, especially under short time constraints.
My father had a quick wit and a steady hand.
Intelligence; common sense.
The opportunity was right in front of you, and you didn’t even have the wit to take it!
Humour, especially when clever or quick.
The best man’s speech was hilarious, full of wit and charm.
A person who tells funny anecdotes or jokes; someone witty.
Your friend is quite a wit, isn’t he?
Old Saxon - witt
(in several dialects, including Low Prussian) white
(Low Prussian, by extension) clean.
Derivation - (“White”)
Old English - ġewitt ġewitt n wits, senses, (right) mind. knowledge, understanding, consciousness. The conscience.
From ġe- + witt. (ġeƿitt)
ġe-
Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection.
Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-
Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of “result” or “process”.
Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs.
ġeƿitt n
Alternative form of ġewitt.
[edit]
ƿitt n (nominative plural ƿitt)
White, witt.
Alternative form of witt.
Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge, reason”)
from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”).
FROM LATIN - vidi
vidi (third-person singular present vido, past participle veisto)
Verb
("to see")
videō (present infinitive vidēre, perfect active vīdī, supine vīsum); second conjugation
Verb
I see, perceive; look (at)
Videsne eum venire? ― Do you see him coming?
Synonyms: spectō, speciō, vīsō
I observe, note
I understand, perceive, comprehend.
I look (at), consider, reflect (upon)
I look out for, see to, care for, provide, make sure
(passive) I am regarded, seem, appear
44 BCE, Cicero, Laelius de Amicitia 98:
Virtute enim ipsa non tam multi praediti esse quam videri volunt
For as to virtue itself, many want not so much as to be endowed with it as to seem so.
(passive, used impersonally) It seems proper or right.
From Proto-Italic *widēō, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”).
From Latin vidēre
present active infinitive of videō.
vida (“visual”)
vide (“visually”)
vido (“sight, vision”)
antaŭvidi (“to foresee”)
ekvidi (“to glimpse”)
pretervidi (“to look beyond; to overlook”)
videbla (“visible”)
videble (“visibly”)
vidiĝi (“to appear”)
vidinda (“worth seeing”)
vidindaĵo (“tourist attraction”)
Latin - vidi
present vidas
past vidis
future vidos
conditional vidus
volitive vidu
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ἀναθαυμάζω (anathaumázō)
ἀποθαυμάζω (apothaumázō)
ἐκθαυμάζω (ekthaumázō)
ἐπιθαυμάζω (epithaumázō)
θαυμαστός (thaumastós)
προσθαυμάζω (prosthaumázō)
συνθαυμάζω (sunthaumázō)
ὑπερθαυμάζω (huperthaumázō)
θαυμᾰτουργός (thaumatourgós)
οἱ θεώμενοι the spectators
θώϋμᾰ (thṓüma)
θῶμᾰ (thôma) – Ionic
θωϋμάζω (thōümázō) – Ionic
θωμάζω (thōmázō) – Ionic
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ---------------------------------- SUFFIXES
-τος (-tos, adjective suffix).
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote:
adhere to the policy of the city
mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym
-ίζω (-ízō) + Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō)
-ᾰ́ζω • (-ázō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
-ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
-ισμός • (-ismós) m
(“-ism”)
A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine.
Rebracketing of the suffix -μός (-mós) appended to verbs in -ίζω (-ízō) / -ίζομαι (-ízomai)
-μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
From Proto-Indo-European
*(ó)-mos m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
-ῐστής • (-istḗs) m (genitive -ῐστοῦ); first declension
Alternative form of -τής (-tḗs)
The agent-noun suffix -τής (-tḗs) added to the stem of a verb in -ίζω (-ízō).
From Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs). When it is added to a verb, it is usually of the ending -ίζω (-ízo).
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote:
adhere to the policy of the city
mimicking the style and behaviour of the demonym
-ίζω (-ízō) + Λᾰ́κων (Lákōn, “Lacedaemonian”) → λᾰκωνίζω (lakōnízō)
English: -ise, -ize
Used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives
to make what is denoted by the noun/adjective
pixel - pixelize
to do what is denoted by the noun/adjective
cannibal - cannibalise
Proto-Indo-European/-yéti
*(Ø)-yéti
Creates intransitive, often deponent, imperfective verbs from roots.
-τής
-αστής (-astḗs)
-τής • (-tḗs) m (genitive -τοῦ); first declension
Used to form agent nouns
Βακχεύω (Bakkheúō, “to keep the feast of Bacchus”) + -τής (-tḗs) → Βακχευτής (Bakkheutḗs, “a Bacchanal”)
ἀγρεύω (agreúō, “to take by hunting”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἀγρευτής (agreutḗs, “a hunter”)
αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, “a spear”) + -τής (-tḗs) → αἰχμητής (aikhmētḗs, “a spearman”)
αὐλέω (auléō, “to play on the flute”) + -τής (-tḗs) → αὐλητής (aulētḗs, “a flute-player”)
πειράω (peiráō, “to make an attempt on something”) + -τής (-tḗs) → πειρατής (peiratḗs, “a pirate, one who attacks ships”)
ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ποιητής (poiētḗs, “a maker”)
With -ίζω (-ízō) verbs:
ἑλληνίζω (hellēnízō, “to speak the Greek language”) + -τής (-tḗs) → Ἑλληνιστής (Hellēnistḗs, “one who uses the Greek language”)
Ἡρακλειτίζω (Hērakleitízō, “to be a follower of Heraclitus”) + -τής (-tḗs) → Ἡρακλειτιστής (Hērakleitistḗs, “follower of Heraclitus”)
ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai, “to compete for a prize”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “a competitor”)
βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to dip in or under water”) + -τής (-tḗs) → βαπτιστής (baptistḗs, “one that dips, a baptizer”)
κιθαρίζω (kitharízō, “to play the cithara”) + -τής (-tḗs) → κιθαριστής (kitharistḗs, “a player on the cithara”) (compare with the analogous recent guitarist)
With -άζω (-ázō) verbs:
ἀγοράζω (agorázō, “to buy in the agora”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἀγοραστής (agorastḗs, “the slave who bought provisions for the house”)
βιάζω (biázō, “to use force”) + -τής (-tḗs) → βιαστής (biastḗs, “one who uses force”)
δικάζω (dikázō, “to judge”) + -τής (-tḗs) → δικαστής (dikastḗs, “a judge”)
ἐνθουσιάζω (enthousiázō, “to be inspired by god”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἐνθουσιαστής (enthousiastḗs, “one inspired by god”)
πελτάζω (peltázō, “to serve as a targeteer”) + -τής (-tḗs) → πελταστής (peltastḗs, “one who bears a light shield, a targeteer”)
With -όζω (-ózō) verbs:
ἁρμόζω (harmózō, “to fit together”) + -τής (-tḗs) → ἁρμοστής (harmostḗs, “one who arranges or governs, a harmost”)
With -ύζω (-úzō) verbs:
γογγύζω (gongúzō, “to murmur”) + -τής (-tḗs) → γογγυστής (gongustḗs, “a murmurer”)
-έω • (-éō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).
-είω (-eíō) – Epic (etymology #3: verbs that are derived from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os)
There are five main sources:
Primary verbs (present verbs of the simple thematic class in origin) from roots ending in *-w-, *-y-, *-s- with intervocalic loss of this consonant: e.g. ῥέω (rhéō), δέω (déō), ζέω (zéō)
Denominative verbs with *-eyéti, from *-e- (noun thematic vowel) + *-yéti (denominative suffix), usually from nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os) or -ον (-on): e.g. οἰκέω (oikéō) from οἶκος (oîkos), μετρέω (metréō) from μέτρον (métron)
Denominative verbs with *-esyéti, usually from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os): e.g. τελέω (teléō) from τέλος (télos). These often have an alternative form in -είω (-eíō), for instance τελείω (teleíō).
Stative verbs with *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix): e.g. φιλέω (philéō), ἀλγέω (algéō)
Causative or frequentative verbs from o-grade of a root with *-éyeti (causative suffix): e.g. σοβέω (sobéō), φορέω (phoréō)
ἀμφί (amphí, “on both sides”
-τήρ • (-tḗr) m (genitive -τῆρος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns
δίδωμι (dídōmi, “(δω-, weak stem δο- to give”) + -τήρ (-tḗr) → δωτήρ, δοτήρ (dōtḗr, dotḗr, “a giver”)
καθίημι (kathíēmi, “to let down, descend”) + -τήρ (-tḗr) → καθετήρ (kathetḗr, “anything let down into”)
κλύζω (klúzō, “to wash, cleanse”) + -τήρ (-tḗr) → κλυστήρ (klustḗr, “a clyster-pipe, syringe”)
ἵστημι (hístēmi, “(weak stem στα- to stand”) + -τήρ (-tḗr) → στατήρ (statḗr, “a weight”)
χαράσσω (kharássō, “(χαράκ-j- to engrave”) + -τήρ (-tḗr) → χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “an engraver”)
From Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
*(Ø)-tḗr m
Derives agent nouns from verbs, denoting someone or something whose role or purpose it is to perform the verb’s action.
-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective suffix
(“Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, English -ive”)
ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”)
Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels
ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”)
ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”)
βλαβ- (blab-, “harm”) + -τικός (-tikós) → βλαβ-τικός → βλαπτικός (blab-tikós → blaptikós, “harmful”)
πείθω (peíthō, “persuade”) + -τικός (-tikós) → πειθ-τικός → πειστικός (peith-tikós → peistikós, “persuasive”)
πρᾱγ- (prāg-, “do”) + -τικός (-tikós) → πρᾱγ-τικός → πρᾱκτικός (prāg-tikós → prāktikós, “pertaining to action”)
_________________________________
ἔποψῐς • (épopsis) f
genitive - ἐπόψεως
Noun
("Overview")
a view over, as far as the view from the temple reached.
oversight, supervision.
ἐπ- (“over”) + ὄψῐς (“view”)
Synonym ἐφορᾰ́ω • (ephoráō) Verb to oversee, watch over to look upon, behold. From ἐπι- (over) + ὁράω (see, watch, guard) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ὁράω • (horáō)
Verb
(intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone]
(intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind
(copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb]
Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold
δεινὸς ἰδεῖν
deinòs ideîn
horrible to look at
(transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something]
(transitive) To find out [+indirect question]
ὅρᾱ εἰ …
(“see if/whether …”)
(transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that …]
(intransitive and transitive, figuratively)
(“To see with the mind, understand”)
ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε;
(“Do you see?”)
(transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone]
From earlier ϝοράω (woráō)
from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”).
Cognate with οὖρος (“watcher, guardian”)
Greek ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”)
Latin vereor (“fear”)
English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”).
Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)).
ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (rare)
(“eye, face”)
The outward appearance of the face which creates the form of a unique identity or facial fingerprint.
ὄμμᾰ • (ómma) n (genitive ὄμμᾰτος); third declension
(chiefly poetic) eye. the eye of heaven; i.e. the sun. (generally) light (figuratively) that which brings light. (figuratively) anything dear or precious, as the apple of an eye. the face or human form. an eye-hole in a helmet.
Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”)
whence εἶδος (eîdos),
ἵστωρ (hístōr) to judge.
ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension
care, concern quotations ▼
_______________________________________
ENGLISH
aware (comparative more aware or awarer, superlative most aware or awarest)
Vigilant or on one’s guard against danger or difficulty.
Stay aware! Don’t let your guard down.
Conscious or having knowledge of something.
Are you aware of what is being said about you?
From Middle English aware, iwar, iware, ywar, from Old English ġewær (“aware, wary, cautious”), from ġe- (intensifying prefix) (English a-) + wær (English ware), from Proto-Germanic *gawaraz, *waraz (“aware, watchful, heedful, cautious”), from Proto-Indo-European *worós (“attentive”), from *wer- (“to heed; be watchful”). Cognate with Dutch gewaar (“aware, conscious”), German gewahr (“aware”), Swedish var (“watchful, wary, cautious”), Icelandic varr (“aware, watchful”). Replaced plain (unintensified) ware. Non-Germanic cognates include Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) and Latin vereor (“I revere, fear”).
English - wary (comparative warier, superlative wariest)
Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, trickery, and dangers; suspiciously prudent
Synonyms: circumspect, scrupulous, careful
He is wary of dogs.
Characterized by caution; guarded; careful; on one’s guard
thrifty, provident
Synonyms[edit]
cautious, guarded, careful, chary.
From the adjective ware + -y.
From Middle English waren (“to be ware, be on guard, be mindful, protect, guard”)
from Old English warian
from Proto-Germanic *warōną.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian woarje (“to guard”).
English - ware (third-person singular simple present wares, present participle waring, simple past and past participle wared)
(obsolete or dialectal) To be ware or mindful of something.
(obsolete) To protect or guard (especially oneself); to be on guard, be wary.
Ware thee. ― Watch yourself.
English - ward
ward (plural wards)
Protection, defence.
(obsolete) A guard or watchman; now replaced by warden.
The action of a watchman; monitoring, surveillance (usually in phrases keep ward etc.).
Guardianship, especially of a child or prisoner.
An enchantment or spell placed over a designated area, or a social unit, that prevents any tresspasser from entering, approaching or even from being able to locate said protected premises.
(historical, Scots law) Land tenure through military service.
(fencing) A guarding or defensive motion or position.
A protected place, and by extension, a type of subdivision.
An area of a castle, corresponding to a circuit of the walls.
A section or subdivision of a prison.
An administrative division of a borough, city or council.
On our last visit to Tokyo, we went to Chiyoda ward and visited the Emperor’s palace.
(Britain) A division of a forest.
(Mormonism) A subdivision of the LDS Church, smaller than and part of a stake, but larger than a branch.
A part of a hospital, with beds, where patients reside.
A person under guardianship.
A minor looked after by a guardian.
After the trial, little Robert was declared a ward of the state.
(obsolete) An underage orphan.
An object used for guarding.
The ridges on the inside of a lock, or the incisions on a key.
From Middle English ward, warde, from Old English weard (“watching, ward, protection, guardianship; advance post; waiting for, lurking, ambuscade”), from Proto-Germanic *wardō (“protection, attention, keeping”), an extension of the stem *wara- (“attentive”) (English wary, beware), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”). Cognate with German Warte (“watchtower”), warten (“wait for”); English guard is a parallel form which came via Old French.
ward (plural wards)
(archaic or obsolete) A guard; a guardian or watchman.
From Middle English ward, from Old English weard (“keeper, watchman, guard, guardian, protector; lord, king; possessor”), from Proto-Germanic *warduz (“guard, keeper”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed, defend”). Cognate with German Wart.
Old English - weard m ( ƿeard )
("guardian, watchman")
weard f
("guard")
From Proto-Germanic *wardaz, related to a stem-verb *warōną (“be on guard”) (whence warian). Cognate with Old High German warta (“watch”) (German Warte (“watchtower”)), Old Saxon warda (Middle Dutch warde), Old Norse varða (“cairn”).
from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps)
ὄψῐς • (ópsis) f (genitive ὄψεως); third declension
Noun
(“view”)
From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + -σῐς (forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process).
(psychological) Opinion, judgement, imagination.
(“A mental image”)
Examples…
I need more information to get a better view of the situation.
A way of understanding something, an opinion, a theory.
Your view on evolution is based on religion, not on scientific findings.
A point of view.
From my view that is a stupid proposition.
An intention or prospect.
He smuggled a knife into prison with a view to using it as a weapon.
ὀπτῐκός • (optikós) m (feminine ὀπτῐκή, neuter ὀπτῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“of or relating to seeing, sight or vision”)
From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + -τῐκός (forms adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive).
___________________________________
LATIN - aware
vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent
Verb
I have respect for, revere, stand in awe.
I am afraid, fear; dread.
From Proto-Italic *werēōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “see”) < ϝοράω (woráō), and English aware [1] and wary.
from Proto-Indo-European *wer-
*wer-
to cover, heed, take notice.
Synonyms
timeō (present infinitive timēre, perfect active timuī); second conjugation, no supine stem
I fear, am afraid.
Usage notes
The verb timeō is a Latin verb of fearing.
From a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to choke”
related to Vedic Sanskrit तम् (tam, “to choke”) and Sanskrit तम् (tam, “breathless, difficulty breathing”).
__________________________________
ῐ̔́στωρ • (hístōr) m (genitive ῐ̔́στορος); third declension
Noun
one who knows law and right, judge
(witness, a wise man”)
From *wéydtōr m one who has seen, one who knows. From *weyd- + *-tōr. From Proto-Indo-European / *weyd- *weyd- (stative) to see. From Proto-Indo-European / *wóyde *wóyde ~ *widḗr (“to have seen, to know”, stative) *widónts (“seeing”) *wéyd-tōr (“viewer, witness”)
From Proto-Indo-European / *-tōr *(é)-tōr m Derives agent nouns from verbs, denoting someone or something who has performed the verb's action. From Ancient Greek: -τωρ (-tōr) -τωρ • (-tōr) m (genitive -τορος); third declension Used to form agent nouns δώτωρ (dṓtōr, “a giver”) from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”)
ῐ̔στορέω • (historéō)
Verb
to inquire, ask (of someone, or regarding someone/something)
to examine, observe
to record, give an account of what one has learned.
ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱ • (historíā) f (genitive ῐ̔στορῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Noun
inquiry, examination, systematic observation, science
body of knowledge obtained by systematic inquiry
written account of such inquiries, narrative, history.
From ῐ̔στορέω (historéō, “I inquire”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “one who knows, wise one”).
see: ιστορία (“academic subject, study of history”)
Latin - historia f (plural historias) history story (a sequence of events) The letter H in the Spanish phonetic alphabet. historia f (genitive historiae); first declension History. Account. Story. (Medieval Latin, England) storey
From Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía, “learning through research, narration of what is learned”), from ἱστορέω (historéō, “to learn through research, to inquire”), from ἵστωρ (hístōr, “the one who knows, the expert, the judge”).
ιστορικό • (istorikó) n (plural ιστορικά)
Noun
(historical) time-line, history, event log.
(medicine) medical records, case history.
ιστορικό • (istorikó) m or f
Accusative singular form of ιστορικός (istorikós) (historian)
ιστορικός • (istorikós) m (feminine ιστορική, neuter ιστορικό)
As a Adjective
(“historical, historic”)
ιστορικός • (istorikós) m or f (plural ιστορικοί)
As a non n
(“historian”)
ιστορικό n (istorikó, “history, event log, case study”) ιστορικός c (istorikós, “historian”) ιστορικός (istorikós, “historical”) ιστορικά (istoriká, “historically”) ιστορικώς (istorikós, “historically”)
ιστορικά • (istoriká) n
Noun
Nominative plural form of ιστορικό (istorikó).
Accusative plural form of ιστορικό (istorikó).
Vocative plural form of ιστορικό (istorikó).
ἀποθέωσῐς
TO MAKE DIVINE?
ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō)
Verb
(“I deify”)
From ἀπο- (apo-) + θεός (“god, deity”) + -όω (verb)
From ἀποθεόω (“deify”) + -σῐς (Forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process).
From Latin apotheōsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποθέωσις (apothéōsis), from verb ἀποθεόω (apotheóō, “deify”) (factitive verb formed from θεός (theós, “God”) with intensive prefix ἀπο- (apo-)) + -σις (-sis, “forms noun of action”). Surface analysis apo- + theo- + -sis.
apotheosis (countable and uncountable, plural apotheoses)
Noun
The fact or action of becoming or making into a god; deification.
Synonym: deification
Glorification, exaltation; crediting someone or something with extraordinary power or status.
Synonyms: exaltation, glorification
The turn of the century saw the apotheosis of digital technology.
A glorified example or ideal; the apex or pinnacle (of a concept or belief).
Synonyms: apex, paragon
The best moment or highest point in the development of something, for example of a life or career; the apex, culmination, or climax (of a development).
Synonyms: apex, climax, culmination, peak, pinnacle
The apotheosis of her career was her appointment as chairman.
(loosely) Release from earthly life, ascension to heaven; death.
Synonym: death
(psychology) The latent entity that mediates between a person’s psyche and their thoughts. The id, ego and superego in Freudian Psychology are examples of this.
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apo- Prefix away from, or separate without, or lacking (chemistry) derived from, or related to (biochemistry) the apoprotein form of the protein From the preposition ἀπό (“from, away from”), From the Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”) Hence the English words off and of, Latin ab- (away from).
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deification (usually uncountable, plural deifications)
The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis.
Excessive praise.
A deified embodiment.
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SUFFIX
-όω • (-óō)
Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
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From ἀπο- (“from”) + δείκνυμι (“to point out, show”).
From ἀπό (“back again”) and δόσις (“gift”)
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ἀπόδοσις • (apódosis) f (genitive ἀποδόσεως); third declension Noun giving back, restitution, return. payment. assignment, attribution. rendering by way of definition. (grammar) clause answering to the protasis. interpretation, explanation.
𐀀𐀢𐀉𐀯 (a-pu-du-si)
Noun
(“delivery, attribution”)
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις (give back).
attribution (countable and uncountable, plural attributions)
The act of attributing something.
An explicit or formal acknowledgment of ownership or authorship.
The attribution of the quote is widely regarded as dubious.
attribūtiō f (genitive attribūtiōnis); third declension
Verb
(“assignment of a debt, predicate, attribute”)
attribuō (present infinitive attribuere, perfect active attribuī, supine attribūtum); third conjugation Verb I associate I add or join to I annex I assign, bestow or give I allot I appoint.
ad- (“to or toward”) + tribuō (“I grant or bestow”)
tribuō (present infinitive tribuere, perfect active tribuī, supine tribūtum); third conjugation, limited passive
Verb
(transitive) I grant, bestow.
(transitive) I yield, give up, concede, allow.
tribus f (genitive tribūs); fourth declension
Noun
One of the three original tribes of Rome: Ramnes, Tities, Luceres.
A division of the Roman people.
A tribe.
The mob, the lower classes.
A compound from the stem of trēs (“three”)
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), thus Proto-Indo-European *tri-dʰh₁o- (“rendered in three, tripartite”)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”).
Sanskrit त्रिधा (tridhā, “threefold”)
tribus
(taxonomy) tribe.
tribe (plural tribes)
A socially, ethnically, or politically cohesive group of people.
(anthropology) A society larger than a band but smaller than a state.
(zoology) A group of apes who live and work together.
The collective noun for various animals.
(taxonomy) A hierarchal rank between family and genus.
(stock breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line.
the Duchess tribe of shorthorns.
ad-
Prefix
(“to, toward”)
In many compounds, it has a purely intensive sense.
Usually prefixed to verbs, in which cases it often has the effect of intensifying the verbal action.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, near, at”).
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SUFFIX (-atio) (-tion)
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension.
-tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
Extension of Proto-Indo-European *-tis. See also Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂-.
*(é)-tis f
Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots.
-σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Prefix
(“Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process”)
*-Hō
Derives adjectives, nouns denoting burden, authority.
*h₂ep-h₃on- (“river”)
accūsātiō f (genitive accūsātiōnis); third declension
An accusation, indictment, complaint.
A rebuke, reproof, reproach.
From accūsō (“blame, accuse”) + -tiō
From ad (“to, towards, at”) + causa (“cause, reason, account, lawsuit”).
+ -tiō (“used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action”)
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PREDICATE
predicate (third-person singular simple present predicates, present participle predicating, simple past and past participle predicated)
Verb
(transitive) To announce, assert, or proclaim publicly.
(transitive) To assume or suppose; to infer.
(transitive, originally US) to base (on); to assert on the grounds of.
(transitive, grammar) To make a term (or expression) the predicate of a statement.
(transitive, logic) To assert or state as an attribute or quality of something.
From Latin praedicātus, perfect passive participle of praedicō (“publish, declare, proclaim”), from prae + dicō (“proclaim, dedicate”), related to dīcō (“say, tell”).
PREFIX
prae
before
in front
Preposition Edit
prae (+ ablative)
before
in front of
because of.
From Proto-Indo-European *préh₂i.
*preh₂-
(“before, in front”)
From *per- (“before”).
Celtic
*ɸare
(“in front of”)
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DELIVERY
delivery (countable and uncountable, plural deliveries)
The act of conveying something. The delivery was completed by four. delivery of a nuclear missile to its target The item which has been conveyed. Your delivery is on the table. The act of giving birth The delivery was painful. (baseball) A pitching motion. His delivery has a catch in it. (baseball) A thrown pitch. Here is the delivery; ... strike three! The manner of speaking. The actor's delivery was flawless. (medicine) The administration of a drug. Drug delivery system. (cricket) A ball bowled. (curling) The process of throwing a stone. (genetics) Process of introducing foreign DNA into host cells. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ἀποδίδωμι • (apodídōmi)
to give up or back, restore, return, to render what is due, pay.
to assign.
to refer to one, as belonging to his department.
to return, render, yield.
to concede, allow, to suffer or allow a person to do.
(like ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeíknumi)) to render or make.
to exhibit, display.
to deliver over, give up.
to deliver.
to bring to a conclusion, wind it up.
to render, give an account.
to render, give an account, to define, interpret.
to attach or append, make dependent upon.
to affirm.
(intransitive) to increase.
to return, recur.
(in rhetoric and grammar).
to be construed with, refer to.
(middle) to give away of one’s own will, to sell.
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ἀποδείκνῡμῐ • (apodeíknūmi)
Verb
I demonstrate, point out, show
proclaim, appoint.
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απόδοση • (apódosi) f (plural αποδόσεις)
(“performance, yield, efficiency”)
(grammar) apodosis.
apodosis (plural apodoses)
(logic, grammar) The “consequential clause” in a conditional sentence.
In “I will be coming if this weather holds up”, “I will be coming” is the apodosis.
from Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις, from ἀπό (“back again”) and δόσις (“gift”)
δίδωμι • (dídōmi) Verb I give, present, offer I grant, allow, permit (perfect active) to allow; (perfect passive) to be allowed.
From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplicated present of *deh₃- (“to give”).
Cognates include Latin dō
("I give")
Tertium non datur.law of excluded middle
A third [possibility] is not given:
Synonym: dōnō
("I offer, render")
Synonym: dōnō
("I yield, surrender, concede")
Sanskrit ददाति (to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to)
From Old Persian
𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (d-d-a-tu-u-v)
(“To give, to take”)
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A heroon or herõon (/hɪˈroʊ.ɒn/; Greek ἡρῷον, plural ἡρῷα, heroa), also latinized as heroum, was a shrine dedicated to an ancient Greek or Roman hero and used for the commemoration or cult worship of the hero. It was often erected over his or her supposed tomb or cenotaph.
The Romans and the Greeks practised an extensive and widespread cult of heroes. Heroes played a central role in the life of a polis, giving the city a shared focus for its identity. The cult typically centred on the heroon in which the hero’s bones were usually believed to be contained. In a sense, the hero was considered still to be alive; he was offered meals and was imagined to be sharing feasts. His allegiance was seen as vitally important to the continued well-being of the city. This led to struggles between Greek cities for control of heroic remains.
Greek literature records how Cimon of Athens avenged the death of the legendary hero Theseus in 469 BC, finding a set of bones allegedly belonging to the hero and returning with them in triumph to Athens. Similarly, Herodotus records in his Histories that the Spartans raided the heroon of the city of Tegea, stealing the bones of Orestes. This was regarded as changing the hero’s allegiance from Tegea to Sparta, ensuring that the Spartans could defeat the Tegeans as foretold by the Oracle of Delphi.[1] (For an analogous practice in ancient Rome, see evocatio).
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EVOCATIO
The “calling forth” or “summoning away” of a deity was an evocatio, from evoco, evocare, “summon.” The ritual was conducted in a military setting either as a threat during a siege or as a result of surrender, and aimed at diverting the favor of a tutelary deity from the opposing city to the Roman side, customarily with a promise of better-endowed cult or a more lavish temple.[191] As a tactic of psychological warfare, evocatio undermined the enemy’s sense of security by threatening the sanctity of its city walls (see pomerium) and other forms of divine protection. In practice, evocatio was a way to mitigate otherwise sacrilegious looting of religious images from shrines.
Recorded examples of evocations include the transferral of Juno Regina (“Juno the Queen”, originally Etruscan Uni) from Veii in 396 BC;[193] the ritual performed by Scipio Aemilianus in 146 BC at the defeat of Carthage, involving Tanit (Juno Caelestis);[194] and the dedication of a temple to an unnamed, gender-indeterminate deity at Isaura Vetus in Asia Minor in 75 BC.[195] Some scholars think that Vortumnus (Etruscan Voltumna) was brought by evocation to Rome in 264 BC as a result of M. Fulvius Flaccus’s defeat of the Volsinii.[196] In Roman myth, a similar concept motivates the transferral of the Palladium from Troy to Rome, where it served as one of the pignora imperii, sacred tokens of Roman sovereignty.[197] Compare invocatio, the “calling on” of a deity.
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INVOCATIO
The addressing of a deity in a prayer or magic spell is the invocatio, from invoco, invocare, “to call upon” the gods or spirits of the dead.[274] The efficacy of the invocatio depends on the correct naming of the deity, which may include epithets, descriptive phrases, honorifics or titles, and arcane names. The list of names (nomina) is often extensive, particularly in magic spells; many prayers and hymns are composed largely of invocations.[275] The name is invoked in either the vocative[276] or the accusative case.[277] In specialized usage pertaining to augural procedure, invocatio is a synonym for precatio, but specifically aimed at averting mala, evil occurrences.
The equivalent term in ancient Greek religion is epiklesis.[279] Pausanias distinguished among the categories of theonym proper, poetic epithet, the epiclesis of local cult, and an epiclesis that might be used universally among the Greeks.[280] Epiclesis remains in use by some Christian churches for the invocation of the Holy Spirit during the Eucharistic prayer.
κᾰλέω • (kaléō) Verb I call, summon I invite I invoke (law) I summon, sue I demand, require I call by name (passive) I am called, my name is.
καλώ • (kaló) (simple past κάλεσα, passive καλούμαι)
Verb
call, hail (someone by name)
summon, invite
dial, ring (by telephone)
From Ancient Greek καλέω (“call”)
προσκαλώ (“to call for”)
προσκαλώ • (proskaló) (simple past προσκάλεσα, passive προσκαλούμαι)
Verb
("invite, summon, call for")
*kelh₁-
(“to call, cry, summon”)
From Latin: clāmō (“to shout”)
Latin: clārus (“loud, clear”)
clāmō (present infinitive clāmāre, perfect active clāmāvī, supine clāmātum); first conjugation
I cry out, clamor, shout, I exclaim
(Medieval Latin) I call, I call to.
(Medieval Latin) I address as, call by name.
ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱ • (ekklēsíā) f (genitive ἐκκλησῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Noun
(“assembly, congregation, church”)
From ἔκκλητος (“summoned”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun suffix)
From ἐκκαλέω (“to call forth, summon”)
From ἐκ (out from,derived from) + καλέω (to call).
Cognate with Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō), κληδών (klēdṓn, “report, fame”), κλήση (klḗsē, “to call”), κέλαδος (kélados, “noise”)
κλήση • (klísi) f (plural κλήσεις)
Noun
(telephony) call
υπεραστική κλήση ― yperastikí klísi ― long-distance call
(law) summons, subpoena
(law) ticket, parking ticket (for a traffic violation, etc)
(computing, programing) call (to procedure, etc)
κλίση • (klísi) f (plural κλίσεις) Noun inclination, tilt, steepness, slope inclination, disposition, tendency (grammar) inflection; declension; conjugation.
κλίνω (klíno, “to bend, to inflect”)
κλίνω • (klíno) (simple past έκλινα, passive κλίνομαι)
(transitive) bend, slant
(transitive, figuratively) tend
(intransitive, grammar) inflect, decline, conjugate.
αποκλίνω (“to lean over, to diverge”)
αποκλίνω • (apoklíno) (simple past απέκλινα)
(“to diverge”)
(“lean, lean over”)
συγκλίνω (“to converge”)
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PREFIX
ἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive)
(of place)
(of motion) Out of, from
from, with the source of
to denote change from one place or condition to another
to express separation of distinction from a number
(of position) outside, beyond
(of time)
from, since
(of particular points of time) just, after
during, in
(of origin)
(of materials) made out of something
(of descent, parentage) descended from
(of causation) done by someone, something
of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done
from, according to
turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb
(with numerals) in such an order
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PREFIX
ἐπῐ́ • (epí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)
From *h₁epi
Adverb
(“on, at, near”)
(+ genitive) on, upon (on the upper surface of) quotations ▼ καθέζεται ἐπὶ θρόνου. kathézetai epì thrónou. He sits down on the throne. on (supported by) quotations ▼ (mostly post-Homeric) in quotations ▼ at, near quotations ▼ (of ships) at (dependent upon) ὁρμεῖν ἐπ’ ἀγκύρας hormeîn ep’ ankúras to ride at anchor (with reflexive or personal pronoun) by oneself ἐφ’ ἑαυτῶν ἐχώρουν eph’ heautôn ekhṓroun They proceeded by themselves. (with numerals, of a body of soldiers) deep quotations ▼ ἐτάχθησαν ἐπὶ τεττάρων etákhthēsan epì tettárōn They formed a line four men deep. (with a person) before (in the presence of) quotations ▼ in the case of; on quotations ▼ ἐπὶ τῶν πλουσίων […] αἰσθάνομαι epì tôn plousíōn […] aisthánomai In the case of the rich, I can see that […] in the time of quotations ▼ (of authority, power, etc.) in quotations ▼ οἰ έπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων oi épì tôn pragmátōn the [men] in power on (an occasion) quotations ▼ (+ dative) on, upon quotations ▼ καθέζεται ἐπὶ θρόνῳ. kathézetai epì thrónōi. He sits down on the throne. in quotations ▼ at, near quotations ▼ over quotations ▼ in honor of quotations ▼ against quotations ▼ in addition to, over, besides quotations ▼ (with duplication of head noun) after quotations ▼ ὄγχνη ἐπ’ ὄγχνῃ γηράσκει ónkhnē ep’ ónkhnēi gēráskei One pear after another ripens. in the power of quotations ▼ according to quotations ▼ (of conditions or circumstances) in, with quotations ▼ (of time, never in proper Attic) at, on quotations ▼ (of time) after quotations ▼ (expressing a cause) on account of, for quotations ▼ (expressing a purpose) for quotations ▼ (of a condition) on quotations ▼ for (i.e. in exchange for) quotations ▼ (of a name) for quotations ▼ in charge of quotations ▼ (+ accusative) onto (the upper surface of) quotations ▼ ἀνέβαινεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον anébainen epì tòn híppon He got up onto the horse. to quotations ▼ up to, as far as quotations ▼ (with a person) to before, into the presence of quotations ▼ (of an army) deep quotations ▼ to or into a certain side quotations ▼ against quotations ▼ over quotations ▼ (of time) for, during quotations ▼ (of time) up to, until quotations ▼ for (the purpose of) quotations ▼ for (with respect to) quotations ▼ over (in command of) quotations ▼ (without a noun) as well, besides (often with δέ (dé)) quotations ▼
ἔπειμῐ • (épeimi)
Verb
(“to come upon, to approach”)
From ἐπῐ- (“on, against”) + εἶμῐ (“to go”)
νομίζω
νομίζω (nomízo, “to think, to believe that”)
θεος
THEORY - GOD IN MIND
θεος
The word θεος (theos) means God, but although that may seem like an open-and-shut case it really isn’t. In fact, our word θεος (theos) is fantastically complicated. To start with, it also covers humans (JOHN 10:34) and even what seems to be the devil (2 CORINTHIANS 4:4). There’s clearly more to the word θεος (theos) than simply offering a kind of genus for the Creator to be classified as. In the New Testament, this noun occurs 1340 times; SEE FULL CONCORDANCE. Let’s have a look at this mysterious word.
When people began to call upon the Name
Our word stems from a time when every detail of human existence was permeated with theology (in the broadest sense of the word), easily up to the modern levels of pervasion of the entertainment and health industries combined. And additionally, back then our word theos was understood in the etymological context of what it represented. It was a word that clearly came out of a verbal neighborhood that included everyday verbs and adjectives that all had to do with what theos meant. In other words: back then, even if you could find someone with absolutely no knowledge of theology, the word for God still actually meant something. It was a word like “shopper” that upon its inception was immediately and by everybody understood to describe a person who had something to do with a shop (whether a workshop or a place of retail), and which only after much usage attained the meaning of someone who purchases something in a shop rather than the proprietor of one (the verb “to shop” meant being a shopkeeper for about a hundred years, until the late 18th century when it came to mean to buy something).
Today, on the other hand, the word “God” is a technical term, which only means something to people who know something about theology (in its broadest sense). Its etymology is obscure, and its inherent meaning isn’t clear at all. In that regard, the term “God” is like the term “item nr. 15” that means only something if you also have the IKEA assembly instructions that show what “item nr 15” might be and how it fits the furniture you’re trying to assemble. The whole big screaming deal about theology these days is that there’s no real consensus about what sort of furniture we’re trying to assemble. In fact, much friction between theological models is exactly that: a difference in opinion about what theology is, rather than what and who God is.
Until the European Renaissance of the 15th century there were no scholarly disciplines. What today is a delta of largely isolated scientific and artistic disciplines was until the Renaissance a unified river of knowledge. A person of learning (a.k.a. a wise one, or wizard) knew everything about everything (1 Kings 4:33). The primary purpose of knowing things — knowing when to sow, when to harvest, how to track prey, how to battle threats, how to respond to a complex international social market — was to create security and thus increase people’s chances of survival (see our article on the word πιστις, pistis, meaning “faith” or rather “that which one is sure about”, for more on this). And all details of all knowledge added up to the unified quest for the basic operating principle of the universe. There were and still are two main schools of thought about that: school A and school B:
Star Wars vs. Star Trek
Adherents to school A figure that the world is a stage and all must play a part. In this model all creatures are like stars that happen to hang in empty space; take away the stars and the empty space remains, and if nobody does anything then nothing gets done. Competition is thus everything and the stronger guy is better than the weaker guy. The invisible forces that so obviously run the world (collectively known as theoi; whether seen as inanimate or living) must hence work the same way, and this in turn leads to belief in a pantheon of theoi that compete among each other as much as men do.
School B, on the other hand, believes that the actors are not on the stage but bring about the stage because collectively they are the stage. School B is all about unity, no matter how complex, because unity drives complexity. School B understands that the diversity of all human culture is due to its unity, just like the diversity of the biosphere is due to its unity, just like the unity of the singularity from whence the entire expanding universe came was never compromised. In this model, all things, including stars, come with the space in which they sit — take away the stars and you’ll also lose the space. And even when nobody would do anything, the whole of the unity still progresses, hence altering the communal stage and forcing the actors do react.
School B does not believe in multiplicity and competition but in unity and diversity. Where school A believes in a stationary universe, school B believes in an inherently progressing universe. To school A, we’re all players in a grand casino; while some might amass a fortune, most lose everything and the house always wins. To school B we’re all rowers on a boat whose rudder is controlled by natural progression. We will either, at some point, arrive at the only possible dock available, or succumb to lack of cooperation and die half way the great passage.
School A will try to address the much remote deity and entice him (her/them) to do something he is evidently not doing on his own (the secular branch of school A speaks optimistically of “harnessing the forces of nature”). School A knows better than even the deity and sets out to change the deity, or at least his mind. To them the deity is a big horse that pulls the cart of existence to wherever they instruct the deity to lumber. School B sees the deity indeed separate but not remote, indeed not part of creation but intimately involved with it (the way the second dimension of a two-dimensional plane touches a one-dimensional line in its every point while still remaining separate from it). To them the deity continues to form the universe and leads it like an attractor toward a mirror image of himself, rather the way DNA replicates. Their prayers don’t try to change the deity’s mind but their own (MATTHEW 6:10). They want to become like God, not the other way around (Psalm 25:4).
YHWH is God, and YHWH is One
To school B, God is YHWH and is not simply One because there is no other or because he his stronger than the others: he is the Oneness of the whole. He is not simply the pantheistic whole, but the Oneness of the whole. This Oneness was there before the whole began, and will be there when the whole achieves completion. That is how Jesus could say the he and the Father are One (JOHN 10:30) and that he is in the Father and the Father is in him (JOHN 14:10), while at the same time all believers are in Jesus and Jesus is in them (JOHN 14:20) and all believers must be one just like he and the Father are one (JOHN 17:21-22). It’s also the reason why in the last century scientists have become convinced that all forces of nature are in fact one (called the Grand Unified Force), which at lower energy levels breaches like an unfolding umbrella into the familiar four fundamental forces Gravity, Electromagnetism, and the Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces, without losing their consistency. But physicists know what school B knows, namely that a breach of symmetry does not entail a breach of unity.
The natural laws by which the universe was created and upon which creation, including mankind, was designed to operate, is in the Bible known as the Word of God; a living and communicating being (JOHN 1:3, Genesis 15:1, JOHN 1:14). Understanding how the universe works leads to a kind of liberation that frees the individual (JOHN 8:32) and brings about a human society in which the Creator is an essential element. This is the reason why both the Father and Jesus blatantly call theoi the people “to whom the Word of God came” (Psalm 82:6, JOHN 10:34-35). You are what you know, after all.
All this has certainly nothing to do with church buildings or marble statues or religions of any sort (REVELATION 21:22). In fact, the heroes of both the Old and the New Testaments have much more in common with post-Renaissance scientists (1 Kings 4:33-34) than with post-Renaissance clergy, and unanimously abhorred religious regalia and ritualistic vanity. The Roman imperial machine required its subjects to pay homage to the deified state and its Caesar, and true truth-seekers didn’t feel like doing so. This is why they were executed in droves and this is also why the first century Roman historian Cassius Dio could define atheism as “a charge on which many others who drifted into Jewish ways were condemned” (Hist.67.14).
The Grand Unified Theory is commonly envisioned as a united cluster of smaller but immutable man-made theories, precisely identical to the pantheon of marble representations of the theoi of the school A models. School B, on the other hand, has since time immemorial tried to make clear that no marble image (εικον, eikon) could ever represent anything remotely connected to any kind of world-governing natural force (Exodus 20:3-5, ACTS 17:29). If you would want to represent the Creator, or the divine unity of all governing forces of nature (COLOSSIANS 1:17-18, Isaiah 9:6), you’d have to come up with something very much alive (COLOSSIANS 1:15, HEBREWS 1:3). That is why Jesus Christ is presented as he in whom are hidden the treasure (thesauros, see below) of all knowledge and wisdom (COLOSSIANS 2:3, see ROMANS 1:20 and Hosea 4:6).
Furthermore, the government of the Word of God is not a government by some unapproachable emperor in an ivory tower far away, but from the same laws to which atoms listen (Deuteronomy 30:14, Jeremiah 31:33, ROMANS 2:15). It’s the very set of rules by which we exist in the first place that will then govern our whole society, and it will feel the same as being entirely free. The authors of the New Testament where part of a revolution in theology, of people who called the Creator by such intimate and near equal terms as mister (kurios) and even father.
God’s etymological neighborhood
In the pagan world, the invisible world of the divine was thought to consist of many interacting θεοι (theoi), and one of those sub-currents of the greater river would be called a θεος (theos). In the Judaic world view the singular word theos came to denote not just one individual but the living oneness of all lifeless and living theoi (“as indeed there are many theoi” — 1 CORINTHIANS 8:5). This same principle of the one-and-the-many sits in the Hebrew word for God, namely אלהים (elohim), which is a plural word just like theoi but used grammatically in a singular way. From this plural word came the singular אלה (eloah) in much the same way as the singular word theos came from the plural theoi. But in the Bible the words theos and eloah are equivalent to the whole pagan pantheon, not just one element of that pantheon.
This original plural word theoi probably came from (and means the same as) the plural of the noun θετης (thetes), which is “one who sets/places”. This word does not occur in the New Testament but in Cratylus, Plato uses this word in the sense of giving a name, that is: a formal identity (Crat.389, see Genesis 2:19, Isaiah 43:1, and REVELATION 2:17 via Isaiah 62:2). This noun θετης (thetes) in turn comes from the ubiquitous verb τιθημι (tithemi), meaning to place or set — basically what a chess player would do with chess pieces (MATTHEW 5:15, 1 CORINTHIANS 12:18, ACTS 1:7: “what the Father has set”). The first person single future form of this verb is θησω (theso), meaning “I will set”, and it’s the root of words like θεσαυρος (thesauros), meaning treasure (MATTHEW 6:20, COLOSSIANS 2:3) and νουθετεω (noutheteo), literally meaning to mind-set but used in the sense of to warn or admonish (ACTS 20:31, ROMANS 15:14).
Equally intriguing are the visual similarities between our word θεος, its feminine counterpart θεα (thea, meaning Goddess) and the verb θαομαι (theaomai), meaning to wonder, and its derived middle deponent verb θεαομαι (theaomai), meaning to behold or contemplate intently (JOHN 8:10, MATTHEW 6:1). From the latter verb comes the familiar noun θεατρον (theatron), or theatre (ACTS 19:29). From the primary verb θαομαι (thaomai) also comes the noun θαυμα (thauma), meaning wonder or admiration (REVELATION 17:6) and its associated verb θαυμαζω (thaumazo), meaning to wonder (MATTHEW 8:10, LUKE 7:9).
From our secondary verb θεαομαι (theaomai) comes the noun θεωρος (theoros), literally meaning an observer or observed one. This extra-Biblical word became used to denote an envoy sent to divine kings or to oracles or to show up at functions instead of someone represented. From this noun in turn comes the familiar verb θεωρεω (theoreo), meaning to gaze intently in order to get all the details (MARK 15:47, LUKE 14:29), and from that verb comes the even more familiar noun θεωρια (theoria), meaning a viewing or sight (LUKE 23:48). Quite fittingly, this noun is the origin of our English word “theory” or — dare we say it? — “goddery”. Theory is literally god-business.
Derivations and compound words
Our word θεος (theos) comes with a small array of derivatives, and serves as element in several compound words:
Together with the preposition α (a), meaning without: the familiar adjective αθεος (atheos), meaning atheist(ic). In the Bible it occurs only in EPHESIANS 2:12, where it describes the condition of being without Christ. Our modern world sports this word as a symbol of scientific reason (versus the “faith” it purports to oppose) but originally this word was properly on a par with αλογια (alogia), without reason (ACTS 25:27, JUDE 1:10).
The feminine version of θεος (theos), namely θεα (thea), obviously meaning Goddess. This word occurs only in ACTS 19:27, 19:35 and 19:37 where it describes Artemis of Ephesus.
The adjective θειος (theios), which means godly in the sense of something pertaining to God: an essential quality of the divine. In Greek literature this adjective appears all over the place — sometimes as substantive denoting the divine in general; sometimes as a superhuman quality ascribed to human heroes; sometimes to describe the acts of the Gods — but in the New Testament only in ACTS 17:29, 2 PETER 1:3 and 1:4.
The noun θειοτης (theiotes), meaning divinity or rather “divineness” to distinguish it from the previous word. In the classics this word is used sporadically; sometimes to denote piety and sometimes as title of the Roman emperor. In the New Testament this word occurs in ROMANS 1:20 only.
Together with the verb διδασκω (didasko), meaning to teach: the adjective θεοδιδακτος (theodidaktos), meaning taught by God (1 THESSALONIANS 4:9 only, but also see JOHN 6:45). This concept comes from Isaiah 53:4 where the prophet says “And all your sons will be taught of (or will teach about) YHWH and great will be the peace of your sons”.
Together with the verb μαχομαι (machomai), meaning to fight or quarrel with: the adjective θεομαχος (theomachos), meaning god-fighter (ACTS 5:39 only). From this adjective comes:
The verb θεομαχεω (theomacheo), meaning to fight with God (ACTS 23:9 only).
Together with the verb πνεω (pneo), meaning to blow or to inspire: the contended adjective θεοπνευστος (theopneustos), meaning god-breathed or divinely inspired. This mind-boggling act is demonstrated a few times in the Bible (Genesis 2:7, JOHN 20:22) but this adjective occurs only in 2 TIMOTHY 3:16, where Paul writes that all writing is god-breathed. With this he obviously means all writing — such as the extra-Biblical legend of Jannes and Jambres, which he mentions a few verses prior — and not only so-called sacred writings, let alone the Bible the way we have it simply because much of it hadn’t been produced at the time of Paul’s writing. In other words: if you can convey the gospel by referring to Shakespeare, Star Trek or Masha and the Bear, by all means don’t hold back.
Paul probably also not so much referred to what was written about but rather the very miracle of the existence of script itself. In order for a writing system to exist, an incredible level of cooperation and convention across a vast region must be in place. Prior to this happening, folks of extraordinary vision and powers of persuasion have to travel extensively and somehow convince people of the benefit of this convention before it can be demonstrated.
Writing allowed information to be permanently stored in and retrieved without degradation from a medium other than a forgetful and perishable human brain, which made the Psalmist exclaim: “You will not allow your Holy One [the Word] to undergo decay” (Psalm 16:10). Writing boosted the levels of science and whatever knowledge was once available only to specialized priests, writing made available to everybody (Exodus 19:6). Love believes all things (1 CORINTHIANS 13:7), but you can’t believe what you don’t know about. The ancients rightly understood writing to be divine and a catalyst for world-wide love.
Together with the verb σεβομαι (sebomai), to worship or venerate: the adjective θεοσεβης (theosebes), meaning god-worshippingly or godly (JOHN 9:31 only). From this adjective comes:
The noun θεοσεβεια (theosebia), meaning reverence of God or godliness (1 TIMOTHY 2:10 only).
Together with the otherwise unused verb στυγεω (stugeo), meaning to hate, but in the emphatic sense of showing hate rather than just feeling it; active hate: the adjective θεοστυγης (theostuges), meaning god-hated (hated by god). In the classics this word denoted someone whose misdeeds were expected to generate divine hate; something like our term “god forsaken” but stronger. In the New Testament this word occurs only once, in ROMANS 1:30, where, for some reason, every major translation interprets it the other way around: hater(s) of God.
The noun θεοτης (theotes), meaning deity or divinity. This incredible word occurs only once in the New Testament, in COLOSSIANS 2:9, where Paul submits that the fullness of the θεοτης (theotes) dwells in Christ in bodily form.
Together with the adjective φιλος (philos) beloved or friend: the adjective φιλοθεος (philotheos), meaning god-friendly or god-loving (2 TIMOTHY 3:4 only). This word is the reversed of the name Theophilus, which belonged to the man to whom the gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts were dedicated.
συγγένεια
σχέση
αναφορά
θρησκεία
RELATIONSHIPS
συγγένεια • (syngéneia) f (plural συγγένειες)
Noun
kinship, affinity (related by blood, marriage)
Related by parentage. Offspring, sibling.
affinity, similarity (similar in properties or appearance)
σχέση • (schési) f (plural σχέσεις)
Noun
relationship (personal)
relation, connection.
relationship (between two things)
(automotive) gear, ratio (a particular combination or choice of interlocking gears)
Relationship, relation, connection, regard, ratio, reference.
ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾱ́ • (anaphorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰφορᾶς); first declension
Noun
Reference of a thing to a standard.
Bring up to the standard measure on the wall of the temple of weights and measures.
αναφορά • (anaforá) f (plural αναφορές)
Noun
reference, report, account, mention, petition.
From ᾰ̓νᾰφέρω (“to bring, carry up”) + -η (noun).
σύνδεση
login, connection, attachment, coupling, conjunction, junction.
θρησκευτική κοινότητα
communion, connection.
people who practice the same religion.
θρησκεία • (thriskeía) f
plural θρησκείες
("religion, cult")
κοινότητα ("community")
From Ancient Greek θρησκεία (thrēskeía).
θρησκευτικός (thriskeftikós, “religious”)
Coordinate terms
πίστη f (písti, “faith, belief”)
θρησκεία f (thriskeía, “religion”)
ένωση
συνένωση
UNION
ένωση • (énosi) f (plural ενώσεις) union, fusion, association Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση ― Evropaïkí Énosi ― European Union (chemistry) combination, compound sexual union.
οργανική ένωση f (organikí énosi, “organic compound”)
Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση f (Evropaïkí Énosi, “European Union”)
επανένωση f (epanénosi, “reunion, reunification”)
ἕνωσις • (ἕnosis) f
Noun
Katharevousa form of ένωση (énosi, “union”)
Ἕνωσις • (Ἕnosis) f
Proper noun
(Katharevousa) Enosis, a political movement seeking the unification of Cyprus with Greece.
συνένωση
Union, conjunction, cyborg, amalgamation, regrouping, concretion.
πιστεύω
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πιστεύω • (pistévo) simple past - πίστεψα passive - πιστεύεται To be... To be believing in another. To be trusting another. To believe in something. To trust a process, system, machine or operation to perform the work as intended. To trust an invention will create the desired out put, from a given input, when passed through its thru-put system or model.
ψυχη αγωγη βιος ζωη νους πνευμα (πνευ-μα) Άγιο πνεύμα (Holy Spirit) πνεω εκπνεω εμπνεω θεοπνευστος πνευματικος πνευματικως
SOUL
The noun αγωγη (agoge), “synagogue” which denotes the way one leads his/her life.
The noun βιος (bios), which denotes one’s personal life in the sense of how one lives (as in the word biography: the story of one’s life).
The noun ζωη (zoe), which denotes the principle of life, as opposed to the class of existence of things like stones. Our noun ψυχη (psuche), which denotes a breathing thing, comprises a subset of ζωη (zoe), which comprises also non-breathing living things such as plants.
The noun νους (nous), meaning mind, or “that what the brain does”. Since one needs a neocortex to have a conscious mind, and not all breathing things have either, this word covers a subset of ψυχη (psuche).
The noun πνευμα (pneuma), which is another much over-elaborated concept: the spirit, which also has nothing to do with some ethereal entity.
It comes from the verb πνεω (pneo), which means to blow, and basically covers the interaction between living things, including making verbal sounds versus hearing, gesturing and sporting flashy colors versus seeing, and wafting versus detecting smells.
Our noun πνευμα (pneuma) covers those things that allow breathing things to form bonds.
The deceased ancestor we discussed above, who lives on in his posterity, is a spirit. And so are glittering schools of sardines and those magnificent flocks of starlings one may observe in autumn.
Imagine a light bulb. Its glass and metal components are its body. When it’s turned on, its glowing is its soul. Its emission of light is its spirit.
The Holy Spirit is not a part of God but God doing something, predominantly uniting people into what’s called the Body of Christ.
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πνεω
The verb πνεω (pneo) means to blow.
Used to describe a person exhaling.
πνευ-μα
(-μα)
The result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action.
Someone acted and created a noun in the process. Thus could be described as an instance of an operational output.
πνευμα
The much debated noun πνευμα (pneuma), commonly translated with “spirit”, which describes our ability to join with other people into teams, companies and cultures.
εκπνεω
Together with the preposition εκ (ek), meaning out or from: the verb εκπνεω (ekpneo), meaning to “out-spirit” or rather “expire”. In the New Testament this verb is used only in the sense of to breathe one’s last and only of Jesus (MARK 15:37, 15:39 and LUKE 23:46 only).
εμπνεω
Together with the preposition εν (en), meaning in, on, at or by: the verb εμπνεω (empneo), meaning to breathe into, to inspire or instill one’s state of mind into others (ACTS 9:1 only).
θεοπνευστος
Together with θεος (theos), meaning god or God: the adjective θεοπνευστος (theopneustos), meaning divinely inspired. The act of god-breathing occurs a few times in the Bible (Genesis 2:7, JOHN 20:22) but this specific adjective occurs only once, in the much debated verse 2 TIMOTHY 3:16, which some people take as proof that only the Bible is God’s word. This is nonsense, of course, because the canon and thus the covers of the Bible didn’t exist when Paul wrote this. Instead Paul declares that all writing (holy and secular, such as for instance the legend of Jannes and Jambres he refers to just eight verses prior) are god-breathed and can be used to drive the gospel home (quite comparable to Peter’s vision of the Great Sheet — ACTS 10:9-22). Paul’s writings are subsequent treasure troves for extra-Biblical references (see our article on the name Homer).
πνευμα (-μα action or result noun form)
The noun πνευμα (pneuma), which is commonly translated with “spirit” but which really denotes one’s ability to log onto someone else’s mind.
πνευματικος (-τικ -ος adjective form)
The adjective πνευματικος (pneumatikos), which denotes an entity that has, lives by or serves the spirit; someone or something that seeks, forges and cultivates relationships.
πνευματικως (-τικ -ως adverb form)
The adverb πνευματικως (pneumatikos), denoting the nature or means of the previously mentioned entity (1 CORINTHIANS 2:14 and REVELATION 11:8 only).
πνοη
The noun πνοη (pnoe), meaning wind (ACTS 2:2) or breath (ACTS 17:25). This noun occurs in the New Testament only these two times, but in both these instances the audience is clearly supposed to be very well aware of the motivational dimension of these “winds”.
υποπνεω
Together with the preposition υπο (hupo) meaning under: the verb υποπνεω (hupopneo), meaning to blow softly (ACTS 27:13 only).
δράκων
ὄφις
δέρκομαι
διάβολος
DRAGON - TO SEE FAR
PROJECTION OF POWER - INFLUENCE
Original Word: δράκων, οντος, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: drakón
Phonetic Spelling: (drak’-own)
Definition: a dragon (a mythical monster)
Usage: a dragon or huge serpent; met: Satan.
HELPS Word-studies
1404 drákōn (from derkomai, “to see,” the root of the English term, “dragon”) – properly “seeing one,” used of mythical dragons (huge serpents) seeing their prey from far away; (figuratively) Satan (Rev 12:7,9) exercising his subtle (indirect) impact on heathen governments (powers) – i.e. accomplishing his hellish agenda from “behind the scenes.”
[The ancient Greeks classified a “dragon” (1404 /drákōn) as a type of serpent. 1404 /drákōn (“a dragon”) was believed to have incredible insight, able to spot prey in any hiding place.]
Probably from an alternate form of derkomai (to look); a fabulous kind of serpent (perhaps as supposed to fascinate) – dragon.
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Original Word: ὄφις, εως, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: ophis Phonetic Spelling: (of'-is) Definition: a snake Usage: a serpent, snake; used of the devil or Satan.
with the ancients the serpent was an emblem of cunning and wisdom.
Probably from optanomai (through the idea of sharpness of vision); a snake, figuratively, (as a type of sly cunning) an artful malicious person, especially Satan – serpent.
Original Word: ὀπτάνομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: optanomai Phonetic Spelling: (op-tan'-om-ahee) Definition: to appear Usage: I appear, am seen (by), let myself be seen (by). HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 3700 optánomai (or optomai/optanō, likely a later cognate of 3708 /horáō) – become seen (appear). See 3708 (horaō).
[Some forms of Strong’s numbering systems designate optomai as 3708.]
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From δέρκομαι • (dérkomai)
to see, see clearly
to watch
to live
to flash, gleam.
From Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- Root *derḱ- (perfective) to see To see.
δέργμᾰ • (dérgma) n (genitive δέργμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
A look, a glance
A sight.
From δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “I see clearly”) and the suffix -μα (-ma).
Cognate with Sanskrit दृश् (dṛś, “see”).
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SANSKRIT
दृश् • (dṛś)
Root
see, look.
दर्शन • (dárśana) n Root philosophy, philosophical system, doctrine vision, sight, view eyesight.
English
darsana (plural darsanas)
Noun
(India philosophy) A philosophy, worldview.
दूरदर्शन • (dūrdarśan) m
Noun
farsightedness
ability to see far.
दूरदर्शन • (dūradarśana) m
Noun
‘far-seeing’, a vulture.
दूरदर्शन • (dūradarśana) n
Noun
longsightedness
foresight.
दर्शन • (darśan) m (Urdu spelling درشن)
Noun
sight, vision, observation, view, semblance
मैं आपके दर्शनों के लिए आया।
ma͠i āpke darśanõ ke lie āyā.
I came in order to see you.
philosophy (a view or theory prescribed in a system or book)
भारतीय दर्शन बहुत जटिल और रोचक है।
bhārtīya darśan bahut jaṭil aur rocak hai.
Indian philosophy is very complex and interesting.
viewing, meeting.
दृश्य • (dŕśya) m Noun scene, spectacle, exhibition Synonym: दिखावा (dikhāvā) From the root दृश् (dṛś, “to see”).
दृश्य • (dṛ́śya)
visible (able to be seen)
worth seeing, beautiful
Noun Edit
दृश्य • (dṛ́śya) m or n
n a visible object; the visible world
m (arithmetic) a number, quantity
दूरदर्शन • (dūr-darśan) m
Noun
television.
From दूर (dūr, “far”) + दर्शन (darśan, “vision, sight”). Calque of English television.
Telugu
దర్శనము • (darśanamu) n (plural దర్శనములు)
sight, seeing.
a visit.
appearance, aspect, view.
a vision, a dream.
From Sanskrit दर्शन (darśana, “vision, sight, view”) + -ము (-mu).
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Original Word: διάβολος, ον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: diabolos Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ab'-ol-os) Definition: slanderous, accusing falsely Usage: (adj. used often as a noun), slanderous; with the article: the Slanderer (par excellence), the Devil. HELPS Word-studies 1228 diábolos (from 1225 /diabállō, "to slander, accuse, defame") – properly, a slanderer; a false accuser; unjustly criticizing to hurt (malign) and condemn to sever a relationship.
[1228 (diábolos) is the root of the English word, “Devil” (see also Webster’s Dictionary).
1228 (diabolos) in secular Greek means “backbiter,” i.e. an accuser, calumniator (slanderer). 1228 (diábolos) is literally someone who “casts through,” i.e. making charges that bring down (destroy). Satan is used by God in this plan – as a predictable wind-up toy, playing out his evil nature.]
traduce (third-person singular simple present traduces, present participle traducing, simple past and past participle traduced)
(transitive) To malign a person or entity by making malicious and false or defamatory statements.
(archaic, transitive) To pass on (to one’s children, future generations etc.); to transmit.
(archaic, transitive) To pass into another form of expression; to rephrase, to translate.
From Latin trādūcō (“lead as a spectacle, dishonor”), from trāns + dūcō (“I lead”).
Latin - trādūcō (present infinitive trādūcere, perfect active trādūxī, supine trāductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative
Verb
I lead, bring, transport or conduct across or over something.
I parade, lead along; make a show of, expose to public ridicule; dishonor, disgrace, degrade.
(figuratively) I transfer, convert, remove.
(figuratively) I exhibit, display, proclaim, spread abroad, make public.
(figuratively) translate (transfer a word from one language to another)
derive (one word from another)
(figuratively, of time) I spend, pass, lead.
From trāns- (“across, beyond”) + dūcō (“lead”).
Borrowed from Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”).
Across, through, over, beyond, to or on the other side of, outside of.
dūcō (present infinitive dūcere, perfect active dūxī, supine ductum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative I lead, guide I draw, pull I think, consider I prolong.
Cognate with English (“tow”)
Proto-Indo-European/déwkti *déwkti (imperfective) Verb to pull, to draw to lead.
*dewk- (imperfective)
to pull, to draw
to lead (i.e. to pull behind oneself)
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absolutely and in the passive to be violently displaced from a position gained.
without force and effort; to throw or let go of a thing without caring where it falls.
to give over to one’s care uncertain about the result.
To deposit.
A primary verb; to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense) – arise, cast (out), X dung, lay, lie, pour, put (up), send, strike, throw (down), thrust. Compare rhipto.
Original Word: ῥίπτω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: rhiptó
Phonetic Spelling: (hrip’-to)
Definition: to throw, cast, to throw off, toss
Usage: I throw, cast, toss, set down; pass: I am dispersed.
they cast off their garments that they might be the better prepared to throw stones.
to set down (with the suggestion of haste and want of care), of those who laid their sick at the feet of Jesus, leaving them at his disposal without a doubt but that he could heal them.
A primary verb (perhaps rather akin to the base of rhapizo, through the idea of sudden motion); to fling (properly, with a quick toss, thus differing from ballo, which denotes a deliberate hurl; and from teino (see in ekteino), which indicates an extended projection); by qualification, to deposit (as if a load); by extension, to disperse – cast (down, out), scatter abroad, throw.
see GREEK rhapizo
see GREEK ballo
see GREEK ekteino ἐκτείνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ekteinó Phonetic Spelling: (ek-ti'-no) Definition: to extend Usage: I stretch out (forth), cast forth (as of an anchor), lay hands on. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from ek and teinó (to stretch)
Original Word: ῥαπίζω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: rhapizó
Phonetic Spelling: (hrap-id’-zo)
Definition: to strike with a rod, to strike with the palm of the hand.
Usage: I slap, strike, smite with the hand.
Original Word: ῥάβδος, ου, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: rhabdos Phonetic Spelling: (hrab'-dos) Definition: a staff, rod Usage: a rod, staff, staff of authority, scepter.
Original Word: ῥάβδος, ου, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: rhabdos Phonetic Spelling: (hrab'-dos) Definition: a staff, rod Usage: a rod, staff, staff of authority, scepter.
which passages as ἐν ῤάβδῳ ποιμαίνειν is figuratively applied to a king, so ῤάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ, with a rod of iron, indicates the severest, most rigorous, rule.
rod, scepter, staff.
From the base of rhapizo; a stick or wand (as a cudgel, a cane or a baton of royalty) – rod, sceptre, staff.
Original Word: τύπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: tuptó Phonetic Spelling: (toop'-to) Definition: to strike, smite, beat Usage: I beat, strike, wound, inflict punishment.
A primary verb (in a strengthened form); to “thump”, i.e. Cudgel or pummel (properly, with a stick or bastinado), but in any case by repeated blows; thus differing from paio and patasso, which denote a (usually single) blow with the hand or any instrument, or plesso with the fist (or a hammer), or rhapizo with the palm; as well as from tugchano, an accidental collision); by implication, to punish; figuratively, to offend (the conscience) – beat, smite, strike, wound.
see GREEK paio
see GREEK patasso
see GREEK plesso
see GREEK rhapizo
see GREEK tugchano
σκέψη
σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις)
Noun
thought, mental activity.
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σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension Noun viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree.
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to consider”) + -σῐς (abstract noun).
σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
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σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) verb I look at, examine. I examine, consider, think. (rarely) I think, deem. I prepare, premeditate.
The present and imperfect are suppleted from σκοπέω (skopéō) in Attic.
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σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “to think”)
σκεπτικιστής m (skeptikistís, “sceptic”)
σκεπτικισμός m (skeptikismós, “scepticism”)
σκοπός
PURPOSE
σκοπός • (skopós) m (genitive σκοποῦ); second declension Noun watcher lookout, protector, guardian spy, scout mark, target goal, aim.
see: σκοπός m (“observer, watcher, aim, goal”)
From σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “I observe”). σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) Verb I look at, examine. I examine, consider, think. (rarely) I think, deem. I prepare, premeditate.
σκοπεύω • (skopévo) (simple past σκόπευσα, passive —)
Verb
aim, take aim
aim, intend
σκόπευση f (skópefsi, “aim, aiming”) σκοπευτήριο n (skopeftírio, “rifle range”) σκοπευτής m (skopeftís, “marksman”) σκοπεύτρια f (skopéftria, “markswoman”) σκόπευτρο n (skópeftro, “viewfinder”) σκοπευτικός (skopeftikós, “shooting”) σκοπεύω (skopévo, “aim, aim at”) σκοπιά f (skopiá, “observation post, watchtower”)
Original Word: σκοπός, οῦ, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: skopos
Phonetic Spelling: (skop-os’)
Definition: a watchman, a mark (on which to fix the eye)
Usage: a watcher; a goal, a mark aimed at.
4649 skopós (the root of the English term, “scope,” like the zoom-scope on a rifle to hit the target) – properly, the “end-marker” of a foot-race; (figuratively) the final objective (destination) in the faith-life, i.e. the unique glorification the Lord awards to each believer at His return (cf. Phil 3:11,14). 4649 /skopós (“end-marker”) is only used in Phil 3:14.
[4649 (skopós) represents the “end-marker” (“goal”) in the race of faith (so TDNT/Kittel.]
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I
purpose (n.)
c. 1300, “intention, aim, goal,” from Anglo-French purpos, Old French porpos “aim, intention” (12c.), from porposer “to put forth,” from por- “forth” (from Latin pro- “forth;” see pur-) + Old French poser “to put, place” (see pose (v.1)). On purpose “by design” is attested from 1580s; earlier of purpose (early 15c.).
purpose (v.)
late 14c., from Anglo-French purposer “to design,” Old French porposer “to intend, propose,” variant of proposer (see propose).
pur-
Middle English and Anglo-French perfective prefix, corresponding to Old French por-, pur- (Modern French pour), from Vulgar Latin *por-, variation of Latin pro “before, for” (see pro-). This is the earliest form of the prefix in English, and it is retained in some words, but in many others it has reverted to Latinate pro-.
pose (v.1)
late 14c., posen, “suggest (something is so), suppose, assume; grant, concede,” from Old French poser “put, place, propose,” a term in debating, from Late Latin pausare “to halt, rest, cease, pause” (source also of Italian posare, Spanish posar; see pause (v.)). The Late Latin verb also had a transitive sense, “cause to pause or rest,” and hence the Old French verb (in common with cognates in Spanish, Italian, Portuguese) acquired the sense of Latin ponere “to put, place” (past participle positus; see position (n.)), by confusion of the similar stems. Meaning “put in a certain position” in English is from early 15c. Sense of “assume a certain attitude” is from 1840; the transitive sense (as an artist’s model, etc.) is from 1859. Related: Posed; posing.
One of the most remarkable facts in F[rench] etymology is the extraordinary substitution whereby the Low Lat. pausare came to mean ‘to make to rest, to set,’ and so usurped the place of the Lat. ponere, to place, set, with which it has no etymological connection. And this it did so effectually as to restrict the F. pondre, the true equivalent of Lat. ponere, to the sense of ‘laying eggs;’ whilst in all compounds it completely thrust it aside, so that compausare (i.e. F. composer) took the place of Lat. componere, and so on throughout. Hence the extraordinary result, that whilst the E. verbs compose, depose, impose, propose, &c. exactly represent in sense the Lat. componere, deponere, imponere, proponere, &c., we cannot derive the E. verbs from the Lat. ones since they have (as was said) no real etymological connection. [W.W. Skeat, “Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,” 1898]
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LATIN
From -ponere
Verb
(“to put, place”)
pōnō (present infinitive pōnere, perfect active posuī, supine positum); third conjugation Verb I place, put, lay I ordain I set up, pitch (camp)
componō (present infinitive componere, perfect active composuī, supine compositum); third conjugation
From con- ("together") + pōnō (“put”).
I arrange, compile, compose, make up.
I construct, build.
I organize, order.
I settle, calm.
pono Noun righteousness Ua mau ke ea o ka ʻāina i ka pono. The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness. morality, goodness, excellence correct procedure, true nature, rights, duty prosperity, well-being property, supplies use, purpose
pono Verb (stative) good, moral, proper (stative) beneficial (stative) should, must, necessary.
positus (feminine posita, neuter positum); first/second-declension participle
Participle
placed
ordained
πρόθεσις
PURPOSE
From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (“purpose”).
πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις)
Noun
(grammar) preposition
intent, intention, purpose..
πρόθεση • (próthesi) f (plural προθέσεις)
Noun
(surgery) prosthesis (an artificial replacement for a body part)
prosthetic
προθετῐκός • (prothetikós) m (feminine προθετῐκή, neuter προθετῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
of or for prefixing; prepositional.
From πρόθεσις (“setting before”) + -ικός (adj).
from πρός (prós, “towards”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).
from Ancient Greek πρόσθεσις (prósthesis, “addition, augmentation”)
From Ancient Greek πρόθεσις (próthesis, “a preposing”), from προτίθημι (protíthēmi, “I prepose”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + τίθημι (títhēmi, “I place”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro + *dʰédʰeh₁- (“to be putting, to be placing”).
εμπειρία
πεῖρα
EXPERIENCE - TEST - TRIAL - EMPIRICAL
From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to cross, pass”). Compare Old Armenian փորձ (pʿorj), Proto-Germanic *fēra- (“danger”), Old English fǣr, English fear. Akin to πείρω (peírō) and περάω (peráō).
From πεῖρα (“trial, attempt”) + -άζω
πειρᾰ́ζω • (peirázō) Verb to make proof or trial of. (with infinitive) to attempt to do. (passive) are tried, proved. (with accusative of person) to try or tempt a person, put them to the test. to seek to seduce, tempt.
πειράομαι • (peiráomai)
(“to try”)
πειρᾰ́ω • (peiráō)
Verb
to try [+infinitive = to do]
to make an attempt [+genitive = on someone or something]
(middle) to try [+infinitive = to do], [+participle = to do]
(middle) to test, make a trial of [+genitive = someone or something]
(middle) to test one’s own skill, abilities, or fortune [+genitive = in something]
From πεῖρᾰ (trial) + -ᾰ́ω (-verb)
-ᾰ́ω • (-áō)
Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē)
*(o)-eh₂yéti
Creates iterative/ frequentative/ intensive verbs.
Creates causative verbs.
περᾰ́ω • (peráō)
Verb
to go from one side to another
to pass through over or traverse, cross, esp. over water
(intransitive) to penetrate or pierce (of a pointed weapon)
From πέρα (péra, “beyond”)
περνάω • (pernáo) (simple past πέρασα)
Alternative form of περνώ (pernó)
περνώ • (pernó) (simple past πέρασα, passive περνιέμαι) Verb pass, go past outrun, go past, overtake pass through, penetrate, thread, go through put on (clothing) coat (paint, etc) while (to pass time idly)
Derived Terms PIRATE πειρατής • (peiratḗs) m (genitive πειρατοῦ); first declension brigand, robber. From πεῖρα (peîra) + -της (-tēs)
πειρατής • (peiratís) m (plural πειρατές, feminine πειρατίνα)
Noun
pirate, sea robber
Πειρατές του Αιγαίου (Pirates of the Aegean Sea)
(figuratively) copier of copyright materials.
πειρατεία f (peirateía, “piracy”)
αεροπειρατής m (aeropeiratís, “highjacker”)
πράγματι
PRAGMATIC - OBJECT - THING
πράγματι • (prágmati)
Adverb
indeed, really, actually
πραγματικότητα • (pragmatikótita) f (plural πραγματικότητες)
Noun
(“reality, actuality”)
πραγματικός (“real, actual”) + -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”)
πραγματικός • (pragmatikós) m (feminine πραγματική, neuter πραγματικό)
Adjective
real, factual, actual (having physical existence), (having existence or substance)
πραγματικός αριθμός m (“real number”)
see: πράγμα n (“thing, entity”)
πράγμα • (prágma) n (plural πράγματα)
Noun
(“thing, entity, object, stuff”)
Τι είναι αυτό το πράγμα στον κουβά; ―
What is that stuff in the bucket?
(euphemistic) thingy
Κλείσε το φερμουάρ - φαίνεται το πράγμα σου!
Close your zipper - your thingy is showing!
πρᾶγμᾰ • (prâgma) n (genitive πρᾱ́γμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
(“a thing done, a fact”)
From πρᾱ́σσω (“I do, practice”) + -μᾰ (result noun suffix).
πρᾱ́σσω • (prā́ssō) (Koine)
Verb
(“I do, practice”)
from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti
enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”)
*per- before, in front first \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ANTONYMS
Antonyms
(imaginary): φανταστικός (fantastic)
(fake): ψευδής (pseudo)
(made up): πλασματικός (plasmic)
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-ότητα • (-ótita) f
Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion:
αυστηρός (“strict”) + -ότητα → αυστηρότητα (“strictness”)
βέβαιος (“sure, certain”) + -ότητα → βεβαιότητα (“certainty”)
εθνικός (“national”) + -ότητα → εθνικότητα (“nationality”)
εχθρός (“enemy”) + -ότητα → εχθρότητα (“hostility”)
πιθανός (“possible”) + -ότητα → πιθανότητα (“possibility”)
ποιος (“who”) + -ότητα → ποιότητα (“quality”)
πόσος (“how much”) + -ότητα → ποσότητα (“quantity”)
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πραγματίστρια f (pragmatístria, “pragmatist”)
πραγματιστής m (pragmatistís, “pragmatist”)
πραγματεία f (pragmateía, “treatise, dissertation”)
πραγματικά (pragmatiká, “really”)
πραγματικός αριθμός m (pragmatikós arithmós, “real”)
πραγματικός (pragmatikós, “real”)
πραγματικότητα f (pragmatikótita, “reality”)
τι πράγμα; (ti prágma?)
όντως
ὄντος
BEING
ὄντος • (óntos)
Participle
("Being")
masculine genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí)
neuter genitive singular of ὤν (ṓn)
όντως • (óntos)
Adverb
(formal) indeed, really, truly, in fact
Όντως ήταν εδώ, αλλά τώρα έχει φύγει. ― Óntos ítan edó, allá tóra échei fýgei. ― He really was here but he’s left.
Όντως είμαι δασκάλα. ― Óntos eímai daskála. ― I truly am a teacher.
From Ancient Greek ὄντος (óntos), masculine and neuter singular genitive of ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “to be”).
ὄν • (ón) n (genitive ὄντος); third declension
Noun
(“reality”)
ὤν • (ṓn)
Participle
present participle of εἰμί (eimí)
("actual, real")
nominative/vocative/accusative neuter singular of ὤν
From Proto-Hellenic *ehonts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts, present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”). Cognate with Latin sōns (“guilty”), Sanskrit सत् (sát, “being, essence, reality”), Albanian gjë (“thing”), English sooth (“true, a fact”).
τῷ ὄντι • (tôi ónti)
Phrase
(“in fact, in reality, actually”)
ἐών • (eṓn)
Participle
(“Being”)
Epic form of ὤν (ṓn): present participle of εἰμί.
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Όντως ήταν εδώ, αλλά τώρα έχει φύγει. ―
He really was here but he has left.
Όντως είμαι δασκάλα. ― I truly am a teacher.
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SANSKRIT
सत् • (sát)
present participle of अस् (as); being, existing, occurring, happening, being present. (with locative) abiding in. (with genitive) belonging to. living lasting, enduring real, actual, as any one or anything ought to be, true, good, right Noun Edit सत् • (sát) m
a being; (in the plural) beings, creatures.
a good or wise man, a sage.
good or honest or wise or respectable people.
Noun Edit
सत् • (sat) n
entity or existence, essence
that which is good or real or true, reality, truth
τωόντι
THE DEED - INDEED - TRULY - IN FACT - ACTUALLY
τωόντι • (toónti)
Adverb
(“indeed”)
From τῷ (the) + ὄντι (dative singular of ὄν).
IN+DEED
From Old English: dǣd
From Middle English indede, contraction of the phrase in dede (“in sooth, in fact”) [early 14thc.]; equivalent to in + deed (similar in formation to in fact, in truth, etc.).
From Middle English dede
from Old English dēd, dǣd (“deed, act”)
dǣd f (nominative plural dǣde)
(West Saxon)
(“action, deed, event, exploit”)
*dʰéh₁tis f (oblique stem *dʰh₁téy-)
(“act of putting, placement”)
From *dʰeh₁- (“to put”) + *-tis (abstract/action nouns)
*dʰeh₁- (perfective)
(“to do, put, place”)
from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put”).
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis (“putting, placement”)
From Old Norse dáð
dáð f (genitive singular dáðar, nominative plural dáðir)
Noun
(“deed, achievement”)
dǣdhata (“persecutor, perpetrator”)
undǣd (“misdeed, crime”)
misdǣd (“misdeed”)
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The word “Deed” Cognates…
Ancient Greek θέσις (“setting, arrangement”).
from τίθημι (“I put, place”) + -σις (forms abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process)
θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension
a setting, placement, arrangement deposit adoption (of a child) adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one's own) (philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis (dancing) putting down the foot (metre) the last half of the foot (rhetoric) affirmation (grammar) stop
ἀντίθεσις ἀνάθεσις (anáthesis) ἀντένθεσις (anténthesis) ἀντεπίθεσις (antepíthesis) ἀντιμετάθεσις (antimetáthesis) ἀντιπαράθεσις (antiparáthesis) ἀπόθεσις (apóthesis) διάθεσις (diáthesis) εἴσθεσις (eísthesis) ἔκθεσις (ékthesis) ἐναπόθεσις (enapóthesis) ἔνθεσις (énthesis) ἐπείσθεσις (epeísthesis) ἐπέκθεσις (epékthesis) ἐπένθεσις (epénthesis) ἐπίθεσις (epíthesis) ἐπιπρόσθεσις (epiprósthesis) ἐπισύνθεσις (episúnthesis) ἡμισύνθεσις (hēmisúnthesis) κατάθεσις (katáthesis) μετάθεσις (metáthesis) παράθεσις (paráthesis) παρέκθεσις (parékthesis) παρένθεσις (parénthesis) περίθεσις (períthesis) προδιάθεσις (prodiáthesis) προέκθεσις (proékthesis) πρόθεσις (próthesis) πρόσθεσις (prósthesis) συγκατάθεσις (sunkatáthesis) συναντίθεσις (sunantíthesis) συνεπίθεσις (sunepíthesis) σύνθεσις (súnthesis) ὑπέκθεσις (hupékthesis) ὑπέρθεσις (hupérthesis) ὑπόθεσις (hupóthesis)
ἀντίθεσις (opposition, resistance, contradiction)
From ᾰ̓ντῐτῐ́θημῐ (“to set against”) + -σῐς (abstract).
ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension
Noun
(grammar) Insertion of a letter.
From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (“I insert”) + -σῐς (verbal noun suffix).
ἐπενθετῐκός • (epenthetikós) m (feminine ἐπενθετῐκή, neuter ἐπενθετῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“inserted”)
From ἐπένθεσις (“insertion”) + -ικός (forms adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of “-ic” )
πᾰρένθεσῐς • (parénthesis) f (genitive πᾰρενθέσεως); third declension
Noun n
a putting in beside, injection
insertion
(grammar) parenthesis.
From πᾰρεντῐ́θημῐ (parentíthēmi, “I put in beside, mix up”) + -σις (-sis), from πᾰρᾰ- (para-, “beside”) + ἐν (en, “in”) + τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “I put, place”)
σῠ́νθεσῐς • (súnthesis) f (genitive σῠνθέσεως); third declension
Noun n
a putting together, composition, combination, juxtaposition, synthesis
(mathematics) addition
agreement, treaty
collection.
From σῠντῐ́θημῐ (suntíthēmi) + -σῐς (-sis).
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ANTONYM
ᾰ̓νᾰ́λῠσῐς • (análusis) f (genitive ᾰ̓νᾰλῠ́σεως); third declension
NOUN
a loosing, releasing
a dissolving, resolution of a whole into its parts, analysis
(in Aristotle’s Logic) the reduction of the imperfect figures into the perfect one
the solution of a problem
retrogression, retirement, departure.
From ἀναλύω (“I unravel, investigate”) + -σις (abstract action noun).
ανάλυση • (análysi) f (plural αναλύσεις)
Noun
analysis, interpretation
(linguistics) parsing.
αναλυτικά (“analytically”) αναλυτικός (“analytical”) αναλύομαι (“to be analysed”) ψυχαναλύω (“to psychoanalyse”) and see: αναλύω (“to analyse, to analyze”) αναλελυμένος (“analysed”, participle) (formal, ancient) ανάλυμα n (“meltin, solution”) αναλυμένος (“analysed”, participle) ανάλυση f (“analysis”) αναλυτής m (“analyst”) αναλυτά (“loosely”, adverb) αναλυτικά (“analytically, in detail”, adverb) αναλυτικός (“analytic”) αναλυτικότητα f (“analyticity”) αναλυτικώς (“analytically, in detail”, adverb) (formal) αναλυτός (“loosely tied; dissolved”) διαλύω (“dissolve”) ψυχαναλύω (“to psychoanalyse”) αναλυτικά (“analytically”)
and see: λύω (“untie; solve”)
αναλύω • (analýo) (simple past ανέλυσα, ανάλυσα, passive αναλύομαι)
Verb
analyse (UK), analyze (US), assay
(linguistics) parse
(by extension) dilute
(by extension) psychoanalyse (especially in the passive)
Synonym: ψυχαναλύω (psychanalýo)
λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal)
Verb
terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form)
λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned
λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated
dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος
λύσατε (imperative)
τους ζυγούς λύσατε ― (“dismissed, you are free to go”)
σε τελική ανάλυση (“in the final analysis”)
λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) Verb I loose, loosen, untie slacken unbend set free, release redeem dissolve, sever break (up), destroy abrogate, annul atone, amend profit, I am useful first-person singular present active indicative/subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)
From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”)
αναλυτός • (analytós) m (feminine αναλυτή, neuter αναλυτό) Adjective molten, melted runny (of a honey) thin, watery (of a liquid) loose, untied (of a hair)
αναλυτά • (analytá)
Adverb
(“loosely, slackly”)
αναλυτικά • (analytiká)
Adverb
(“analytically, in detail”)
αναλυτικός • (analytikós) m (feminine αναλυτική, neuter αναλυτικό) Adjective analytical, analytic αναλυτικό μυαλό ― analytical mind αναλυτική μέθοδος ― analytical method αναλυτική χημεία ― analytical chemistry αναλυτική μηχανή f (“analytical engine”)
δῐᾰλῡ́ω • (dialū́ō)
Verb
to loose one from another, to part asunder, undo, dissolve
διαλύω • (dialýo) (simple past διέλυσα, διάλυσα, passive διαλύομαι)
Verb
dismantle
dissolve (solid a solid in a solvent)
Διέλυσα 5γρ. ζάχαρη σε λίγο νερό. ― I dissolved 5g sugar in a little water.
disband, dissolve, break up, disperse
Η εταιρεία διαλύθηκε. ― The company disbanded.
wreck, break up
Μου ζήτησε να χωρίσουμε και διαλύθηκα. ―
He/She asked me for a divorce/separation and I became a wreck.
ἀδῐᾰ́λῠτος (adiálutos) ᾰ̓ποδῐᾰλῡ́ω (apodialū́ō) δῐᾰ́λῠσῐς (diálusis) δῐᾰλῠτέος (dialutéos) δῐᾰλῠτής (dialutḗs) δῐᾰλῡ́της (dialū́tēs) δῐᾰ́λῠτος (diálutos) δῐᾰλῡ́τρωσῐς (dialū́trōsis) δῠσδῐάλῠτος (dusdiálutos) εὐδιᾰ́λῠτος (eudiálutos) προδῐᾰλῡ́ω (prodialū́ō) προσδῐᾰλῡ́ω (prosdialū́ō) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
τῷ • (tôi) Conjunction then, thereupon Alternative forms Edit τῶ (tô), τώ (tṓ) Article Edit τῷ • (tôi) masculine/neuter dative singular of ὁ (ho)
ὁ • (ho) m, ἡ f (hē), τό n (tó)
Article
(“The”)
ὁ • (ho) m, ἡ f (hē), τό n (tó)
As a Pronoun
(Epic, demonstrative) that
(Epic, third person personal pronoun)
("he, she, it, they")
(relative, Epic, Ionic, poetic Attic)
("who, which, that")
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The article undergoes crasis with nouns and adjectives that start with a vowel:
τὸ ὄνομα → τοὔνομα “the name”
τὰ ἐμά → τᾱ̓μά “my (affairs)”
τὸ ἐναντίον → τοὐναντίον “on the contrary”
τὸ αὐτό → ταὐτό “the same”
καί undergoes crasis with the first-person singular pronoun and produces a long vowel:
καὶ ἐγώ → κᾱ̓γώ “and I”, “I too”
καὶ ἐμοί → κᾱ̓μοί “and to me”
σημᾰντῐκός
σημαίνω
σῆμᾰ
SEMANTICS - MEANING
σημᾰντῐκός • (sēmantikós) m (feminine σημᾰντῐκή, neuter σημᾰντῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“significant, giving signs”).
From σημαίνω (“to indicate”) + -ικός (adjective ).
σημαίνω • (sēmaínō) Verb I show, point out, indicate. I sign, signal. Ι predict, portend. (later prose) I appear. I signal someone to do something, I bid. I signify, indicate, declare. I interpret, explain; I tell, speak. I signify, mean. (middle) I conclude from signs, conjecture. (middle) I provide with a sign, mark, or seal. I mark out for myself.
From σῆμᾰ (“a mark”)
σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
mark, sign, token.
a sign from the gods, an omen, portent.
a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner.
the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow.
a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin.
a token by which one’s identity or commission was certified.
a constellation.
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) + -μᾰ (inchoate noun).
Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”).
σημεῖον • (sēmeîon) n (genitive σημείου); second declension Noun a mark, sign, token; an indication tomb sign from the gods, omen wonder, portent sign or signal to do a thing, made by flags standard or flag body of troops under one standard or flag (heraldry) device upon a shield or ship; figurehead signet on ring; figure, image watchword, warcry birthmark or distinguishing feature (logic) a proof (logic) a sign used as a probable argument in proof of a conclusion (geometry) a point (medicine) symptom (medicine) a kind of skin eruption (in the plural) shorthand symbols critical mark (mathematics) mathematical point point of time, instant (prosody, music) unit of time.
From σῆμᾰ (“mark, sign”) + -ῐον (forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to).
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indicate (v.)
1650s, “to point out,” back-formation from indication (q.v.) or else from Latin indicatus, past participle of indicare “to point out, show,” from in- “into, in, on, upon” (from PIE root *en “in”) + dicare “proclaim” (from PIE root *deik- “to show,” also “pronounce solemnly”). Especially “to give suggestion of, be reason for inferring” (1706). Related: Indicated; indicating.
*deik-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to show,” also “pronounce solemnly,” “also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects” [Watkins].
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit dic- “point out, show;”
Greek - deiknynai “to show, to prove,” dike “custom, usage;”
Latin - dicere “speak, tell, say,”
Latin - digitus “finger,”
Old High German zeigon, German zeigen “to show,”
Old English teon “to accuse,” tæcan “to teach.”
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Deixis
deictic adjective deic·tic | \ ˈdīk-tik also ˈdāk-\ Definition of deictic \: showing or pointing out directly the words this, that, and those have a deictic function.
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δείχνω • (deíchno) (simple past έδειξα, passive δείχνομαι) Verb indicate, point out, point to demonstrate, show how (intransitive) seem Synonym: φαίνομαι (faínomai)
δεικνύω • (deiknýo) (simple past έδειξα)
Verb
Katharevousa form of δείχνω (deíchno, “to indicate, to demonstrate”)
δεικνύω • (deiknúō)
Verb
Alternative form of δείκνυμι (deíknumi)
δείκνῡμῐ • (deíknūmi) Verb I show, point out [+dative = to someone] I bring to light, display, portray, represent I make known, explain, teach, prove.
From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show, point out”) + -νῡμῐ (forms transitive verbs)
-νῡμῐ • (-nūmi)
A suffix forming transitive verbs.
Proto-Indo-European
*deyḱ- (imperfective)
Root
to point out
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LATIN
dicere
dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative
I say, utter; mention; talk, speak. Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”) Synonyms: āiō, for, loquor I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell. I appoint, name (to an office) I call, name (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I speak in reference to, refer to.
From Proto-Italic *deikō, from Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to show, point out”). The perfect forms are derivated from Proto-Indo-European *dḗyḱst.
Cognates include Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum, “to show, point out”), Sanskrit दिशति (diśáti), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi) and Old English tǣċan (English teach).
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From Old English tǣċan
tǣċan
to show, point out
to show (someone) the way; to direct, guide
to teach.
From Proto-Germanic *taikijaną
*taikijaną
Verb
(“to show, point out, teach”)
English - teach
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σημασία • (simasía) f (plural σημασίες)
Noun
(lexicography) meaning, sense (single conventional use of a word)
Tο ρήμα “τρέχω” έχει πολλές σημασίες. ― The verb “τρέχω” has many meanings.
κυριολεκτική σημασία ― literal sense.
μεταφορική σημασία ― metaphorical/figurative sense
significance, importance, consequence (extent to which something matters)
έχει σημασία ― échei simasía ― it matters
άνευ σημασίας ― ánev simasías ― unimportant, meaningless
δίνω σημασία (“to pay attention, to take heed”) (literally: “to give significance”)
σημαίνω (simaíno, “to mean, to signify”)
σημαντικός (simantikós, “important, meaningful”)
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σκέψη
THOUGHT
thinking, thought, reflection, meditation, contemplation, speculation.
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σκέψη • (sképsi) f (plural σκέψεις)
thought, mental activity.
σκέψῐς • (sképsis) f (genitive σκέψεως); third declension viewing, sensory perception, observation examination, speculation, consideration doubt, hesitation (politics) resolution, decree.
σκέπτομαι • (sképtomai) deponent (simple past σκέφθηκα, σκέφτηκα) (σκέφτηκα as from σκέφτομαι (skéftomai))
(formal) Alternative form of σκέφτομαι (skéftomai)
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διασκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) επισκέπτομαι (episképtomai) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai) σκεπτόμενος (skeptómenos, “thinker, thinking”, participle) σκεπτέον (skeptéon) σκεπτήρῐον (skeptḗrion) σκεπτῐκός (skeptikós) σκέψ (sképs) σκέψῐς (sképsis) σκέμμᾰ (skémma) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπεῖᾰ (skopeîa) σκόπελος (skópelos) σκοπεύω (skopeúō) σκοπέω (skopéō) σκοπή (skopḗ) σκοπάω (skopáō) σκοπῐά (skopiá) σκοπός (skopós) ἀνᾰσκέπτομαι (anasképtomai) ἀξιόσκεπτος (axióskeptos) ἀποσκέπτομαι (aposképtomai) ἄσκεπτος (áskeptos) δῐᾰσκέπτομαι (diasképtomai) ἐπῐσκέπτομαι (episképtomai) εὔσκεπτος (eúskeptos) κᾰτᾰσκέπτομαι (katasképtomai) περίσκεπτος (perískeptos) πολύσκεπτος (polúskeptos) προσκέπτομαι (prosképtomai) σκοπάρκης (skopárkēs) συσκέπτομαι (susképtomai) ὑποσκέπτομαι (huposképtomai) σύσκεψη f (sýskepsi, “conference”) διασκέπτομαι (“I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (syndiasképtomai, “I take part in a conference”) and see: σκέπτομαι (“think”) διάσκεψη f (diáskepsi, “conference”) συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai, “I am in conference”) συνδιασκέπτομαι (“I take part in a conference”) συνδιάσκεψη f (syndiáskepsi, “conference”) τηλεδιάσκεψη f (tilediáskepsi, “teleconference”) and see: σκέπτομαι (sképtomai, “think”) συνδιασκέπτομαι • (syndiasképtomai) deponent (simple past συνδιασκέφθηκα)
I am in conference along with others
From Koine Greek διασκέπτομαι (“examine all around”). Morphologically, from δια- (“through”) + σκέπτομαι (“think”).
διασκέπτομαι • (diasképtomai) deponent (simple past διασκέφθηκα) I am in conference Synonym: συσκέπτομαι (sysképtomai) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ OLD ENGLISH
ġeþōht m (nominative plural ġeþōhtas)
thought, what is determined after thought, idea, opinion, decree
mind, purpose, intention
what is thought out, device, design, deliberation, counsel; rede.
From þōht m
(“thought”)
From ġe-
Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection.
Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-
Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of “result” or “process”.
Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs.
think (v.)
Old English þencan “imagine, conceive in the mind; consider, meditate, remember; intend, wish, desire” (past tense þohte, past participle geþoht), probably originally “cause to appear to oneself,” from Proto-Germanic *thankjan (source also of Old Frisian thinka, Old Saxon thenkian, Old High German denchen, German denken, Old Norse þekkja, Gothic þagkjan).
Old English þencan is the causative form of the distinct Old English verb þyncan “to seem, to appear” (past tense þuhte, past participle geþuht), from Proto-Germanic *thunkjan (source also of German dünken, däuchte). Both are from PIE *tong- “to think, feel”
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ENGLISH
thought (countable and uncountable, plural thoughts)
Form created in the mind, rather than the forms perceived through the five senses; an instance of thinking. quotations ▼
(uncountable) The process by which such forms arise or are manipulated; thinking. quotations ▼
A way of thinking (associated with a group, nation or region).
“Eastern thought”.
From Middle English thought, ithoȝt, from Old English þōht, ġeþōht, from Proto-Germanic *þanhtaz, *gaþanhtą (“thought”), from Proto-Indo-European *teng- (“to think”). Cognate with Scots thocht (“thought”), Saterland Frisian Toacht (“thought”), West Frisian oandacht (“attention, regard, thought”), Dutch gedachte (“thought”), German Andacht (“reverence, devotion, prayer”), Icelandic þóttur (“thought”). Related to thank.
προσέχω
TO GIVE HEED - PAY ATTENTION
προσέχω • (prosécho) (simple past πρόσεξα, passive προσέχομαι) Verb watch, observe watch out, be careful (transitive) to take care of someone (intransitive) to take care
προσέχω • (prosékhō)
Verb
I hold to, offer, I bring to quotations ▼
I bring a ship near a place, bring it to port, I put in, touch at a place, (absolute) I land quotations ▼
I turn to or towards a thing, I turn my mind, thoughts, attention to a thing quotations ▼
I give heed to myself, I am on my guard against quotations ▼
I devote myself to a thing quotations ▼
(with infinitive) I expect to do
I continue quotations ▼
(middle) I attach myself to a thing, cling or cleave to it quotations ▼
(figuratively) I devote myself to the service of any one quotations ▼
(passive) I am held fast by a thing, attached to it quotations ▼
I have besides or in addition quotations ▼
From πρός (prós, “to, towards, with”) + ἔχω (ékhō, “I have, hold”)
προσοχή • (prosokhḗ) f (genitive προσοχῆς); first declension (Koine)
Noun
(Koine) attention
From προσέχω (prosékhō, “to guard against”) + -η (-ē, abstract noun suffix).
προσοχή • (prosochí) Interjection attention, be careful, watch out Προσοχή! Το δέντρο πέφτει. ― Prosochí! To déntro péftei. ― Watch out! The tree is falling! (military) attention (drill order)
κατανοέω
Consider from top to bottom
κατανοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katanoeó Phonetic Spelling: (kat-an-o-eh'-o) Definition: to take note of, perceive Usage: I take note of, perceive, consider carefully, discern, detect, make account of. HELPS Word-studies 2657 katanoéō (from 2596 /katá, "down along, exactly according to" and 3539 /noiéō, "to think") – properly, to think from up to down, to a conclusion; to consider exactly, attentively (decisively); to concentrate by fixing one's thinking " 'to perceive clearly' (kata, intensive), 'to understand fully, consider closely' " (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 123). 2657 (katanoéō) expresses real comprehending – "thinking decisively to a definite (clear) understanding."
[2657 (katanoéō) has “the notion of considering attentively (note the kata, ‘down into,’ “ WS, 349).]
Known
Cognition
Recognize
Acquaint
Diagnosis
ACQUAINTED
accognosco
accognoscere
recognize (visually or by some other means)
acquaint (v.)
early 13c., “make oneself known” (reflexive, now obsolete); early 14c., “to gain for oneself personal knowledge of,” from Old French acointer “make known; make or seek acquaintance of,” from Vulgar Latin *accognitare “to make known,” from Latin accognitus “acquainted with,” past participle of accognoscere “know well,” from ad “to” (see ad-) + cognitus, past participle of cognoscere “come to know” (see cognizance).
cognizance (n.)
mid-14c., conisance, “device or mark by which something or someone is known,” from Anglo-French conysance “recognition,” later, “knowledge,” from Old French conoissance “acquaintance, recognition; knowledge, wisdom” (Modern French connaissance), from past participle of conoistre “to know,” from Latin cognoscere “to get to know, recognize,” from assimilated form of com “together” (see co-) + gnoscere “to know,” from PIE root *gno- “to know.”
Meaning “knowledge by observation or notice, understanding, information” is from c. 1400. In law, “the exercise of jurisdiction, the right to try a case” (mid-15c.). Meaning “acknowledgment, admission” is from 1560s. The -g- was restored in English spelling 15c. and has gradually affected the pronunciation, which was always “con-.” The old pronunciation lingered longest in legal use.
co-
in Latin, the form of com- “together, with” in compounds with stems beginning in vowels, h-, and gn-; see com-. Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning “together, mutually, in common,” and used promiscuously with native words (co-worker) and Latin-derived words not beginning with vowels (codependent), including some already having it (co-conspirator).
- gno-
- gnō-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to know.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit jna- “know;” Avestan zainti- “knowledge,” Old Persian xšnasatiy “he shall know;” Old Church Slavonic znati “recognizes,” Russian znat “to know;” Latin gnoscere “get to know,” nobilis “known, famous, noble;” Greek gignōskein “to know,” gnōtos “known,” gnōsis “knowledge, inquiry;” Old Irish gnath “known;” German kennen “to know,” Gothic kannjan “to make known.”
diagnosis (n.)
“scientific discrimination,” especially in pathology, “the recognition of a disease from its symptoms,” 1680s, medical Latin application of Greek diagnōsis “a discerning, distinguishing,” from stem of diagignōskein “discern, distinguish,” literally “to know thoroughly” or “know apart (from another),” from dia “between” (see dia-) + gignōskein “to learn, to come to know,” from PIE root *gno- “to know.”
cognizance (n.)
mid-14c., conisance, “device or mark by which something or someone is known,” from Anglo-French conysance “recognition,” later, “knowledge,” from Old French conoissance “acquaintance, recognition; knowledge, wisdom” (Modern French connaissance), from past participle of conoistre “to know,” from Latin cognoscere “to get to know, recognize,” from assimilated form of com “together” (see co-) + gnoscere “to know,” from PIE root *gno- “to know.”
Meaning “knowledge by observation or notice, understanding, information” is from c. 1400. In law, “the exercise of jurisdiction, the right to try a case” (mid-15c.). Meaning “acknowledgment, admission” is from 1560s. The -g- was restored in English spelling 15c. and has gradually affected the pronunciation, which was always “con-.” The old pronunciation lingered longest in legal use.
cognition (n.)
mid-15c., cognicioun, “ability to comprehend, mental act or process of knowing,” from Latin cognitionem (nominative cognitio) “a getting to know, acquaintance, knowledge,” noun of action from past participle stem of cognoscere “to get to know, recognize,” from assimilated form of com”together” (see co-) + gnoscere “to know,” from PIE root *gno- “to know.” In 17c. the meaning was extended to include perception and sensation.
gnosis (n.)
“knowledge,” especially “special knowledge of spiritual mysteries,” 1703, from Greek gnōsis “a knowing, knowledge; a judicial inquiry, investigation; a being known,” in Christian writers, “higher knowledge of spiritual things,” from PIE *gnō-ti-, from root *gno- “to know.”
couth (adj.)
Middle English couth “known, well-known; usual, customary,” from Old English cuðe “known,” past participle of cunnan “to know,” less commonly “to have power to, to be able” (see can (v.1)).
As a past participle it died out 16c. with the emergence of could, but the old word was reborn 1896, with a new sense of “cultured, refined,” as a back-formation from uncouth (q.v.). The Old English word forms the first element in the masc. proper name Cuthbert, which literally means “famous-bright.”
uncouth (adj.)
Old English uncuð “unknown, strange, unusual; uncertain, unfamiliar; unfriendly, unkind, rough,” from un- (1) “not” + cuð “known, well-known,” past participle of cunnan “to know” (see can (v.1)), from PIE root *gno- “to know.” Meaning “strange, crude, clumsy” is first recorded 1510s. The compound (and the thing it describes) widespread in IE languages, such as Latin ignorantem, Old Norse ukuðr, Gothic unkunþs, Sanskrit ajnatah, Armenian ancanaut’, Greek agnotos, Old Irish ingnad “unknown.”
can (v.1)
Old English 1st & 3rd person singular present indicative of cunnan “to know,” less commonly as an auxiliary, “to have power to, to be able,” (also “to have carnal knowledge”), from Proto-Germanic *kunnjanan “to be mentally able, to have learned” (source also of Old Norse kenna “to become acquainted, try,” Old Frisian kanna “to recognize, admit, know,” German kennen “to know,” Middle Dutch kennen “to know,” Gothic kannjan “to make known”), from PIE root *gno- “to know.”
It holds now only the third sense of “to know,” that of “to know how to do something” (as opposed to “to know as a fact” and “to be acquainted with” something or someone). Also used in the sense of may, denoting mere permission. An Old English preterite-present verb, its original past participle, couth, survived only in negation (see uncouth), but compare could. The present participle has spun off with a deflected sense as cunning.
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PREFIXES
ad-
word-forming element expressing…
(“direction toward”) or (“in addition to”)
from Latin ad-
(“to, toward” in space or time”)
(“with regard to, in relation to”)
as a prefix, sometimes merely emphatic…
from PIE root *ad- “to, near, at.”
*ad-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to, near, at.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit adhi “near;”
Latin ad “to, toward;”
co-
in Latin, the form of com- “together, with” in compounds with stems beginning in vowels, h-, and gn-; see com-.
Taken in English from 17c. as a living prefix meaning (“together, mutually, in common”)
and used promiscuously with native words (co-worker) and Latin-derived words not beginning with vowels (codependent), including some already having it (co-conspirator).
πρόνοιᾰ
FORE KNOWLEDGE
πρόνοιᾰ • (prónoia) f (genitive προνοίᾱς); first declension
Noun
foresight, foreknowledge
providence.
From προνοέω (“to perceive before, foresee”) + -ῐᾰ (-abstract noun).
providence (countable and uncountable, plural providences)
(now rare) Preparation for the future; good governance, foresight. [from 14th c.]
The careful governance and guidance of God (or another deity, nature etc.). [from 14th c.]
A manifestation of divine care or direction; an instance of divine intervention. [from 16th c.] quotations ▼
Specifically, the prudent care and management of resources; thriftiness, frugality. [from 17th c.]
His providence in saving for his old age is exemplary.
From Anglo-Norman providence, Middle French providence, and their source, Latin prōvidentia (“providence, foresight”), from the present participle of prōvidēre (“to provide”).
prōvīdēre
third-person plural perfect active indicative of prōvideō
prōvideō (present infinitive prōvidēre, perfect active prōvīdī, supine prōvīsum); second conjugation Verb I foresee I am cautious; I act with foresight I provide, see to I look after, care for. From prō- + videō (“I see”).
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ANTONYMS
αναπαύω (anapávo, “to give a rest, to give comfort”)
αναπαύω • (anapávo) (simple past ανέπαυσα, passive αναπαύομαι)
Verb
give comfort, give a rest
ανάπαυση • (anápafsi) f (uncountable)
Noun
rest, sleep
(euphemistic) dead.
αναπαμός • (anapamós) m (plural αναπαμοί)
Noun
rest, respite, relaxation
quiet, peace.
ανάπαυλα f (anápavla, “respite, relaxation”)
ανάπαυση f (anápafsi, “rest, peace, repose, comfort”)
αναπαυτήριο n (anapaftírio, “retreat, resting place”)
αναπαυτικά (anapaftiká, “restfully, cosily”, adverb)
αναπαυτικός (anapaftikós, “restful, cosy”, adjective)
ξεκούραση • (xekoúrasi) f (uncountable)
Noun
rest, relaxation
ξέρω
KNOW OF
ξέρω • (xéro) (imperfect ήξερα) found only in the imperfective tenses
Verb
(most senses) know of, be familiar with (a fact, a person or a language)
Το ήξερα ότι ήταν γιατρός. ― To íxera óti ítan giatrós. ― I knew he was a doctor.
Τους άλλους φίλους του δεν τους ξέρω. ― Tous állous fílous tou den tous xéro. ― I don’t know his other friends.
Ξέρεις καθόλου Γερμανικά; ― Xéreis kathólou Germaniká? ― Do you know any German?
(transitive, with για) know someone as, know someone to be
Εγώ, τουλάχιστον, την ξέρω για άνθρωπο πολύ χαλαρό. ― Egó, touláchiston, tin xéro gia ánthropo polý chalaró. ― I, at least, know her as a very calm person.
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SYNONYM
(know a fact or person): γνωρίζω (gnorízo)
(know a fact): μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “to learn”)
(know a fact): πληροφορούμαι (pliroforoúmai, “to be informed”)
(know a language): κατέχω (katécho, “to master, to hold”)
(know a language): μιλώ (miló, “to speak”)
γνωρίζω
TO KNOW
γνωρίζω • (gnorízo) (simple past γνώρισα, passive γνωρίζομαι) Verb know (something), be aware, recognize . know (someone); get to know, meet introduce, make acquaintance.
From γνῶσις (“known”) + -ίζω (-forms verbs from nouns).
γνωρίζω • (gnōrízō)
Verb
make known (in passive: become known)
learn, discover.
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γνῶσῐς • (gnôsis) f (genitive γνώσεως); third declension
Noun
inquiry
knowledge.
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From γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -σις (-sis).
γιγνώσκω • (gignṓskō)
verb
I am aware of; I perceive, observe, know, learn quotations ▼
I know, understand
I distinguish, discern quotations ▼
(with genitive) I am aware of something quotations ▼
(followed by relative clauses) I perceive that… quotations ▼
(in prose) I observe, form a judgment, judge, determine, think quotations ▼
(passive, of persons) I am judged guilty quotations ▼
(perfect passive with active sense) quotations ▼
I know carnally, have sex with
fame.
γῐνώσκω • (ginṓskō)
Verb
an alternative later spelling of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)
Inflection
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From Proto-Indo-European *ǵiǵneh₃-
ǵneh₃- (perfective)
to know
γνώμη
MEANS OF KNOWING
γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension noun means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision
From γνω- (gnō-), lengthened grade of the root of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I know”) + -μη (-mē).
nōscō
TO KNOW
nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation
I know, recognize, am acquainted with, i.e.; in possession of knowledge. quotations ▼
κατανοέω
Original Word: κατανοέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: katanoeó Phonetic Spelling: (kat-an-o-eh'-o) Definition: to take note of, perceive Usage: I take note of, perceive, consider carefully, discern, detect, make account of. HELPS Word-studies 2657 katanoéō (from 2596 /katá, "down along, exactly according to" and 3539 /noiéō, "to think") – properly, to think from up to down, to a conclusion; to consider exactly, attentively (decisively); to concentrate by fixing one's thinking " 'to perceive clearly' (kata, intensive), 'to understand fully, consider closely' " (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 123). 2657 (katanoéō) expresses real comprehending – "thinking decisively to a definite (clear) understanding."
[2657 (katanoéō) has “the notion of considering attentively (note the kata, ‘down into,’ “ WS, 349).]
διάνοια
Dianoia (Greek: διάνοια, ratio in Latin) is a term used by Plato for a type of thinking, specifically about mathematical and technical subjects.
It is the capacity for, process of, or result of discursive thinking.
It is in contrast with the immediate apprehension that is characteristic of noesis.
In Aristotle, knowledge is further divided into the theoretical (episteme), and the practical, which includes techne and phronesis.
However, it is possible to trace the origin of the word “ratio” to the Ancient Greek λόγος (logos). Early translators rendered this into Latin as ratio (“reason”; as in the word “rational”).
A more modern interpretation of Euclid’s meaning is more akin to computation or reckoning.
Medieval writers used the word proportio (“proportion”) to indicate ratio and proportionalitas (“proportionality”) for the equality of ratios.
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Original Word: διάνοια, ας, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: dianoia
Phonetic Spelling: (dee-an’-oy-ah)
Definition: the mind, disposition, thought
Usage: understanding, intellect, mind, insight.
1271 diánoia (from 1223 /diá, “thoroughly, from side-to-side,” which intensifies 3539 /noiéō, “to use the mind,” from 3563 /noús, “mind”) – properly, movement from one side (of an issue) to the other to reach balanced-conclusions; full-orbed reasoning (= critical thinking), i.e. dialectical thinking that literally reaches “across to the other side” (of a matter).
1271 /diánoia (“critical thinking”), literally “thorough reasoning,” incorporates both sides of a matter to reach a meaningful (personal) conclusion. Such “full-breadth reasoning” is essential to loving (25 /agapáō) the Lord and our neighbor (see Mk 12:30). It is also the instrument of self-destruction when exercised without God’s light and power (Lk 1:51; Eph 2:3, 4:18; Col 1:21).
[1271 /diánoia (dianoia) is also used of “reasoning and speech between characters in ancient dramas” (LS; cf. Aristotle, Rh 1, 404). But 1271 (diánoia) works to a person’s own undoing when it operates apart from the light of God’s word (Eph 4:18).]
εγκέφαλος
μυαλό
BRAIN
εγκέφαλος • m
εγκέφαλοι - plural
ἐγκεφᾰ́λου - genitive
Noun
("brain")
From ἐν- (“in”) + κεφᾰλή (“head”) + -ος (noun).
ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhalos) m (); second declension
brain
heart of the date palm
Noun
brain
heart of the date palm
ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhalos) m or f (neuter ἐγκέφᾰλον); second declension
Adjective
inside the head.
κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension Noun English Wikipedia has an article on: Kephale (Byzantine Empire) head a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line"). the top-most part the most important part (Byzantine) a provincial governor.
English: cephalo-
κεφάλι • (kefáli) n (plural κεφάλια)
(anatomy) head
Synonym: κεφαλή (kefalí)
From Ancient Greek κεφάλιον (“little head”)
From κεφᾰλή (“head”) + -ῐον (diminutive)
πονοκέφαλος m (“headache”)
κεφαλάρι n (kefalári, “headrest, pillow, etc”)
κέφαλος m (“mullet”)
κάνω του κεφαλιού μου (“to do whatever one wants”) (literally: “to do of one’s head”)
ᾰ̓κέφᾰλος • (aképhalos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓κέφᾰλον); second declension
Adjective
headless
without beginning.
From ἀ- (a-, privative alpha) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + -ος (-os).
ἀποκεφαλίζω • (apokephalízō)
Verb
To decapitate, behead.
From ἀπο- (apo-, “away, off”) + κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) + -ίζω (-ízō, denominative verb suffix).
ακέφαλος • (akéfalos) m (feminine ακέφαλη, neuter ακέφαλο) Adjective leaderless, without a ruler headless, without a head unguided, rudderless.
ακόρυφος • (akóryfos) m (feminine ακόρυφη, neuter ακόρυφο) Adjective peakless, headless leaderless, without a ruler powerless, unguided.
ⲕⲉⲫⲁⲗⲏ (kephalē) f
(Bohairic) head
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μυαλό • (myaló) n (plural μυαλά) Noun (anatomy) brain (plural) brains (used as food) brain (person providing interlectual input) mind head.
αυτό το μεγαλοφυές μυαλό
(“this genial mind”
Inherited from Ancient Greek γνώμη (gnṓmē). γνώμη • (gnómi) f (plural γνώμες) opinion, perception (subjective thought) γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension Noun means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SUFFIX
-ῐον • (-ion) n (genitive -ῐ́ου); second declension
A noun–forming diminutive suffix.
Recent additions to the category ἡλιοτρόπιον ἀκόντιον σκολοπένδριον στρούθιον σατύριον λεπίδιον κίρσιον ψύλλιον δελφίνιον χελιδόνιον Oldest pages ordered by last edit Ἴσειον οὐροπύγιον ἐρείπιον κεφάλιον μονοπώλιον ἀργύριον παγκράτιον κυμάτιον σωληνάριον ἀντικνήμιον
γνώμη
DIRECT 1st HAND KNOWLEDGE
γνώμη • (gnṓmē) f (genitive γνώμης); first declension Not n means of knowing: sign, mark mind, intelligence judgment, understanding, reason will opinion decision
Original Word: γνώμη, ης, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: gnómé
Phonetic Spelling: (gno’-may)
Definition: purpose, opinion, consent, decision
Usage: opinion, counsel, judgment, intention, decree.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 1106 gnṓmē (a feminine noun, apparently derived from 1097 /ginṓskō, “experientially, personally know”) – a personal opinion or judgment formed in (by) an active relationship, the result of direct (“first-hand”) knowledge. See 1097 (ginōskō).
κρῑ́νω
cernō
DISCERN - JUDGE
From Latin - cernō (present infinitive cernere, perfect active crēvī, supine crētum); third conjugation Verb I separate, sift I distinguish, discern, see I perceive I decide
From Proto-Indo-European *krey-
Root
*krey-
(‘to sift, separate, divide”)
From Ancient Greek: κρῑ́νω (krī́nō)
Verb
κρῑ́νω • (krī́nō)
(transitive) To separate, divide, part, distinguish between two things or people or among a group of things or people
(transitive) To order, arrange
To inquire, investigate
To select, choose, prefer
(transitive) To decide a dispute or contest, with accusative of the contest or dispute, or accusative of a person involved in the contest or dispute; (intransitive) to pass judgement, come to a decision
(middle, passive) To have a contest decided
(middle and passive) To contend, dispute, quarrel
To decide or judge [+accusative and infinitive = that something does something], [+accusative and accusative = that something is something]
To discern between good and bad
To judge, pronounce
To bring to court, accuse
To pass sentence on, condemn, criticize.
ἀνακρῑ́νω (anakrī́nō) ἀποκρῑ́νω (apokrī́nō) διακρῑ́νω (diakrī́nō) ἐγκρῑ́νω (enkrī́nō) ἐκκρῑ́νω (ekkrī́nō) ἐπικρῑ́νω (epikrī́nō) κατακρῑ́νω (katakrī́nō) κρίμα (kríma) κρίσις (krísis) κριτής (kritḗs) κριτός (kritós) παρακρῑ́νω (parakrī́nō) περικρῑ́νω (perikrī́nō) προκρῑ́νω (prokrī́nō) προσκρῑ́νω (proskrī́nō) συγκρῑ́νω (sunkrī́nō) ὑποκρῑ́νομαι (hupokrī́nomai)
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ἀποκρῑ́νω • (apokrī́nō) Verb to separate, set apart to distinguish to choose to reject on inquiry (in middle voice) to answer, give answer, reply to answer charges, defend oneself to meet events, circumstances (passive) to be given as an answer (+ dative of agent)
From ἀπό (“from, away from”) + κρίνω (“to separate, distinguish, judge”).
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SUFFIX
ᾰ̓πό • (apó) (governs the genitive)
PREFIX
from, away from
because of, as a result of
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). *h₂epó Adverb off, away, from Synonym: *h₂pó
*h₂pó
Adverb
off, away, from
Synonym: *h₂epó
HITTITE
𒀀𒀊𒉺 • (āppa)
Preposition
back, again, further
Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu, “from”)
Latin ab (“from”) ab (+ ablative) Preposition from, away from, out of down from at, on, in (time) after, since (source of action or event) by, of
Old English æf (“of”)
English (“off, of and after”)
Sanskrit अप (apa, “away, off”)
Μετάβαση
Μετάβασις
TRANSITION - TRANSCENDENT
βάση • (vási) f (plural βάσεις)
base, foundation (the lowest part of something) βάση για μακιγιάζ (makeup foundation) (chemistry) base basis (underlying reason) base (the lowest part of something)
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βᾰ́σῐς • (básis) f (genitive βᾰ́σεως); third declension
step
rhythm
foot
foundation, base
τρία Μύρωνος ἔργα κολοσσικὰ ἱδρυμένα ἐπὶ μιᾶς βάσεως (Strabo Geog 14.1.14)
(geometry) one of the three sides of a triangle
fixedness
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (English come).
Synchronically analyzable as βαίνω (“I go”) + -σις (-abstract noun).
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HEBREW
בָּסִיס • (basis) m (plural indefinite בְּסִיסִים, singular construct בְּסִיס־, plural construct בְּסִיסֵי־) [pattern: קָטִיל]
(“a base”)
בְּסִיסִי • (b’sisí) (feminine בְּסִיסִית, masculine plural בְּסִיסִים or בְּסִיסִיִּים, feminine plural בְּסִיסִיּוֹת)
Adjective
Basic: fundamental; simple; elementary.
מזון בסיסי ― mazón b’sisí ― a staple food
אלגברה בסיסית ― álgebra b’sisít ― elementary algebra
From בסיס (basís) + ־י (-í).
A Mishnaic borrowing from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémtis, derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”) (whence also English come).
Proto-Indo-European
*gʷémtis f (oblique stem *gʷm̥téy-)
("step, act of walking")
From *gʷem- (“to step”) + *-tis.
*(é)-tis f
Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots.
Proto-Indo-European/ *gʷem-
(“To step”)
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ENGLISH
Come
From Middle English comen, cumen, from Old English coman, cuman (“to come, go, happen”), from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”).
come (third-person singular simple present comes, present participle coming, simple past came or (archaic) come, past participle come or (rare) comen)
(intransitive) To move from further away to nearer to. quotations ▼
She’ll be coming ’round the mountain when she comes […]
To move towards the speaker.
I called the dog, but she wouldn’t come.
Stop dawdling and come here!
To move towards the listener.
Hold on, I’ll come in a second.
You should ask the doctor to come to your house.
To move towards the object that is the focus of the sentence.
No-one can find Bertie Wooster when his aunts come to visit.
Hundreds of thousands of people come to Disneyland every year.
(in subordinate clauses and gerunds) To move towards the agent or subject of the main clause.
King Cnut couldn’t stop the tide coming.
He threw the boomerang, which came right back to him.
To move towards an unstated agent.
The butler should come when called.
(intransitive) To arrive. quotations ▼
(intransitive) To appear, to manifest itself. quotations ▼
The pain in his leg comes and goes.
(intransitive) To take a position relative to something else in a sequence.
Which letter comes before Y? Winter comes after autumn.
(intransitive, vulgar, slang) To achieve orgasm; to cum; to ejaculate. quotations ▼
He came after a few minutes.
(copulative, figuratively, with close) To approach a state of being or accomplishment. quotations ▼
They came very close to leaving on time. His test scores came close to perfect.
One of the screws came loose, and the skateboard fell apart.
(figuratively, with to) To take a particular approach or point of view in regard to something.
He came to SF literature a confirmed technophile, and nothing made him happier than to read a manuscript thick with imaginary gizmos and whatzits.
(copulative, archaic) To become, to turn out to be. quotations ▼
He was a dream come true.
(intransitive) To be supplied, or made available; to exist.
He’s as tough as they come.
Our milkshakes come in vanilla, strawberry and chocolate flavours.
A new sports car doesn’t come cheap.
(slang) To carry through; to succeed in.
You can’t come any tricks here.
(intransitive) Happen. quotations ▼
This kind of accident comes when you are careless.
(intransitive, with from or sometimes of) To have as an origin, originate.
To have a certain social background. quotations ▼
To be or have been a resident or native.
Where did you come from?
To have been brought up by or employed by.
She comes from a good family.
He comes from a disreputable legal firm.
To begin (at a certain location); to radiate or stem (from).
The river comes from Bear Lake.
Where does this road come from?
(intransitive, of grain) To germinate.
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SENTIENCE
αίσθηση
Noun
(“sense, sensation, consciousness, percept”)
αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) Noun sensation, sense πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion
αισθητικότητα • (aisthitikótita) f (uncountable)
Adjective
aestheticity (sensitive to beauty)
sensitiveness (sensitive on the skin)
αισθητικός (aisthitikós, “aesthetic, related to feeling”) + -ότητα (-ótita, “-ty, -ness”).
αισθητική • (aisthitikí) f (plural αισθητικές)
Noun
aesthetics, aesthetic (study or philosophy of beauty)
(figuratively) aesthetics (the appearance or ethos of something)
a preoccupation with cosmetic beauty and body care.
ινστιτούτο αισθητικής n (institoúto aisthitikís, “beauty salon, beauty parlour”)
αισθητής m (aisthitís, “aesthete”)
αισθητικός (aisthitikós, “aesthetic”)
αισθητισμός m (aisthitismós, “aestheticism”)
αισθητικότητα (aisthitikótita, “aesthetic”)
αισθησιακός (aisthisiakós, “sensual, sensuous”)
αισθησιασμός m (aisthisiasmós, “sensuality”)
αισθητήρας (aisthitíras)
αισθητήριο n (aisthitírio, “sense organ, intuition”)
αισθητήριος (aisthitírios, “sensory”)
and see: αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel, to sense”)
αισθητισμός • (aisthitismós) m (uncountable)
Noun
(philosophy) aestheticism
(philosophy) estheticism (US)
αισθητικότητα • (aisthitikótita) f (uncountable)
Noun
aestheticity (sensitive to beauty)
sensitiveness (sensitive on the skin)
αισθητικός (aisthitikós, “aesthetic, related to feeling”) + -ότητα (-ótita, “-ty, -ness”).
αισθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) deponent (simple past αισθάνθηκα)
Verb
(“feel”)
αισθάνομαι πόνο ― aisthánomai póno ― I feel pain
Aισθάνομαι καλά, δεν είμαι άρρωστος. ― Aisthánomai kalá, den eímai árrostos. ― I feel well, I am not sick
sense
Aισθάνομαι ότι μου λες αλήθεια. ― Aisthánomai óti mou les alítheia. ― I understand that you are telling me the truth.
αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai)
Verb
(transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that … quotations ▼
(transitive, intransitive) I understand
(transitive) I learn
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-, from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”), Latin audiō (“I hear”), and Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”).
ἀΐω • (aḯō) Verb (poetic) perceive (with genitive or accusative) (with the ear) to hear (with the eye) to see To have heard To listen, obey Synonyms (hear): ἀκούω (akoúō), εἴδομαι (eídomai) (perceive): αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai)
Synonyms
ευαισθησία (evaisthisía)
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εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic)
Verb
(“to be seen, to be apparent, to appear”)
(with infinitive) to appear, seem to do.
(reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like.
(intransitive) to be like, to look like.
From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”)
compare the very closely related οἶδα.
The aorist tense, εἶδον (eîdon, “I saw”), has a related but different meaning, and its second aorist middle form, εἰδόμην (eidómēn), contrasts with the first aorist middle of this verb, εἰσᾰ́μην (eisámēn).
The perfect tense, οἶδα (oîda, “I know”), functions as a present tense word with its own meaning.
εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive. (strengthened) to look at, observe. to see a person, to meet, speak with them. to see, experience, become acquainted with. to look at or towards. to see mentally, to perceive. to examine, investigate.
All tenses besides the aorist are supplied by ὁράω (horáō) and ὄψομαι
Greek: είδα (see) (perfective forms of βλέπω (look)
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AWARE
ὤρᾱ • (ṓrā) f (genitive ὤρᾱς); first declension
Verb
(“care, concern”)
From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to note, sense”).
*wer-
Verb
to cover, heed, notice
ὁράω • (horáō)
Verb
(intransitive) To look with the eyes [+ εἰς (accusative) = at something or someone]
(intransitive) To be able to see; (with negative) to be unable to see, to be blind
(copulative) To look a certain way [+accusative adjective or adverb]
Infinitive is added to an adjective, adverb, and so on to indicate that the description relates to sight: to see, to look at, to behold
δεινὸς ἰδεῖν
deinòs ideîn
horrible to look at
(transitive) To see, perceive, observe [+accusative and participle = someone doing something, that someone is doing something]
(transitive) To find out [+indirect question]
ὅρᾱ εἰ …
hórā ei …
see if/whether …
(transitive) To make sure [+infinitive = that …]
(intransitive and transitive, figuratively) To see with the mind, understand
ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε;
horâis? horâte?
Do you see?
(transitive) To provide [+accusative and dative = something for someone]
From earlier ϝοράω (woráō), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, guard”). Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”), ὤρα (ṓra, “care, concern”), Latin vereor (“fear”), English aware (“vigilant, conscious”) and wary (“cautious of danger”).
Germanic: *warduz (“guard, keeper”)
Latin - vereor (present infinitive verērī, perfect active veritus sum); second conjugation, deponent
I have respect for, revere, stand in awe.
I am afraid, fear; dread.
From Proto-Italic *werēōr
from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁράω (horáō, “see”)
ENGLISH
Aware - Beware - Wary.
aware (comparative more aware or awarer, superlative most aware or awarest)
Vigilant or on one’s guard against danger or difficulty.
Stay aware! Don’t let your guard down.
Conscious or having knowledge of something.
Are you aware of what is being said about you?
OLD ENGLISH
ġeƿær
from Old English ġewær (“aware”),
Equivalent to ġe- + wær.
-wær
Verb
("cautious, on guard, watching out for something (+genitive)")
ġe-
Used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection.
Forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-
Forms nouns and verbs with the sense of “result” or “process”.
Forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs.
Cognate with Old Saxon war, Old High German war, Old Norse varr, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars).
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Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)).
Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)).
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οἶδᾰ • (oîda)
Verb
(transitive) to know, be acquainted with [+accusative = something]
(with neuter accusative plural of an adjective): have a quality in one’s heart
(transitive) to be skilled in [+genitive = something]
(intransitive) to know how to [+infinitive = do something]
(transitive, when main verb and participle have separate subjects) to know that [+accusative noun and accusative participle = someone else does something]
(intransitive, when subject of main verb and subject of participle are the same) to know that [+nominative participle = one does something]
to know that, with accusative and then an indirect statement introduced by ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs)
(negative) οὐκ οἶδα εἰ (ouk oîda ei): I don’t know if or whether, I doubt that
(parenthetic)
(a superlative is often followed by the phrase “ὧν ἴσμεν”)
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ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension
Noun
(poetic) voice.
(poetic) word.
from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs. Related to ἔπος (épos) and εἰπεῖν (eipeîn). Cognates include Latin vōx, Sanskrit वाच् (vā́c)
*wṓkʷs f (oblique stem *wokʷ-)
voice, speech
*wekʷ- (imperfective)
to speak, to sound out
εἶπον • (eîpon) Verb I said, spoke From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ-om, from *wekʷ- (“to speak, make a sound”), from which also came ὄψ (óps, “voice, word”). Cognates include Sanskrit अवोचम् (á-vocam) and Latin vōx (“voice”). \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SENSE
έννοια
sense, meaning, concept, notion, connotation, construction.
Forms in ὀψ- (ops-), ὀπ- (op-) are from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (whence ὄψ (óps), ὄμμα (ómma)).
Forms in εἰδ- (eid-) are from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”) (whence εἶδος (eîdos), ἵστωρ (hístōr)).
Cognate with οὖρος (oûros, “watcher, guardian”)
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οὖρος • (oûros) m (genitive οὔρου); second declension
Noun
(“guardian, watcher”)
Cognate with Latin servus.
servus m (genitive servī); second declension
(“a servant, a serf, a slave”)
From Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo- (“guardian”)
possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”).
Cognate with servō,
Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraiti, “he heeds, protects”).
servō (present infinitive servāre, perfect active servāvī, supine servātum); first conjugation Verb I maintain, keep. I protect, keep, guard, watch over I save. I preserve, store, keep. (figuratively) I permit, allow
From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to watch over, protect”).
Possible cognates in Ancient Greek Ἥρα (Hḗra), ἥρως (hero).
ἥρως • (hḗrōs) m (genitive ἥρωος); third declension
Noun
(Epic) a hero of the Trojan War: any of the major combatants of the Greek or Trojan forces
(Classical Ancient Greek) a hero or heroine of the ancient Greek religion: a human or demigod whose shrine was celebrated with chthonic rituals organized by local governments.
Ἥρᾱ • (Hḗrā) f (genitive Ἥρᾱς); first declension
Proper noun.
(Greek mythology) Hera
("a title of the empresses of Rome")
see also Ζεύς (Zeús)
Pythagorean name for nine
("the planet Venus")
Ζεύς From Proto-Hellenic *dzéus, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognate with Sanskrit द्यु (dyú), Latin Iuppiter, Old English Tīw, Hittite 𒅆𒍑 (sius). Δάν (Dán) – Aeolic Δεύς (Deús) – Laconian Ζάν (Zán), Ζάς (Zás) – Doric Ζήν (Zḗn) – poetic Θιός (Thiós), Σιός (Siós) – Boeotian Τάν (Tán) – Cretan
Ζήν • (Zḗn) m
Proper noun
Poetic form of Ζεύς (Zeús)
Proto-Indo-European
*dyḗws m (oblique stem diw-)
sky, heaven
sky god
From earlier *dyéws
from *dyew- + *-s.
*dyew-
to be bright
sky, heaven
Proto-Indo-European/deywós
*deywós m (non-ablauting)
(“Sky God”)
From the root *dyew- (“sky, heaven”)
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HEAVEN
from Old English heofon (“heaven, sky”)
Old English heofon m
(“the sky, heaven”)
heofonlīċ
Heavenly, from heaven.
Of, in, or belonging to heaven, belonging to the divine; the godly.
Having purity that belongs to heaven, chaste.
-līċ
Forming adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.
Forming adjectives denoting multiplicity (compare English -fold)
þrīlīċ (“triple, three-fold”)
From Proto-Germanic *-līkaz (“having the body or form of”)
from *līką (“body”) (whence English lich).
Middle English - lich (plural liches)
(archaic) A corpse or dead body. [from 9th c.]
(fantasy, roleplay) A reanimated corpse or undead being, particularly a still-intelligent undead spellcaster.
From Old English - līc, līċ n
dead body, corpse
(poetic) a (living) body, especially the torso.
English - like
Heavenly = Heaven like.
Old Irish - leac
leac f (genitive singular leice or lice, nominative plural leaca or leac(r)acha)
large, flat stone; slab (paving stone); flagstone
gravestone
Tá leac lena cheann.
He is dead and buried.
slab (flat piece of material), something slab-shaped
leac seacláide ― a slab of chocolate
Ghearr an long an coipeadh ina leaca.
The ship cut the foam into slabs.
kitty (pool of money)
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek πλάξ (“flat stone”)
Photo - Celtic
*ɸlikkā f
(flat) stone
From Proto-Indo-European *pl̥keh (“flat surface”).
πλάξ • (pláx) f (genitive πλᾰκός); third declension
anything flat and broad
esp. flat land, plain, the ocean surface
flat stone, tablet
tombstone, slab (e.g. of marble)
plate
(in the plural) flaps, tail fins (e.g. of crustaceans)
Old English - heofonrīċe n
(“kingdom of heaven”)
Middle English - heavenric
(obsolete) The kingdom of heaven; heaven as the place of the blessed.
from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, heaven, sky”).
From English heaven.
Middle English - heven
(rare) Alternative form of haven (“to have”)
From Old English habban, hafian.
habban
to have, to possess
(auxiliary) have (used with a participle to express the perfect tense)
from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“take, seize”).
The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin capere.
Middle English - heven (third-person singular simple present heveth, present participle hevende, simple past hof, past participle yhoven)
(“To raise, lift, heave”)
Cognate with Scots heiven, hewin (“heaven, sky”)
Old Saxon heƀan (“heaven, sky”)
Low German Heven (“heaven, sky”), and possibly the rare Icelandic and Old Norse hifinn (“heaven, sky”), which are probably dissimilated forms of the Germanic root which appears in Old Norse himinn (“heaven, sky”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (himins, “heaven, sky”)
from Proto-Germanic *himinaz (“cover, heaven, sky”)
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SKY
sky (plural skies)
The atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the ground during the day.
That year, a meteor fell from the sky.
The part of the sky which can be seen from a specific place or at a specific time; its condition, climate etc.
I lay back under a warm Texas sky.
We’re not sure how long the cloudy skies will last.
Heaven.
This mortal has incurred the wrath of the skies.
Ellipsis of sky blue
(mathematics, theoretical physics) The set of all lightlike lines (or directions) passing through a given point in space-time.
(colloquial, dated) In an art gallery, the upper rows of pictures that cannot easily be seen.
(obsolete) A cloud.
From Middle English sky, from Old Norse ský (“cloud”), from Proto-Germanic *skiwją, *skiwô (“cloud, cloud cover, haze”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to cover, hide, cloud”). Cognate with Old English scēo (“cloud”), Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål sky (“cloud”), Old Irish ceo (“mist, fog”), Irish ceo (“mist, fog”).
Old English - sċēo m
("cloud")
from Proto-Indo-European *(s)k(')ew-
("sky, cloud”)
Cognate with Old Saxon scio, skio, skeo (“light cloud cover”)
Old Norse ský (“cloud”)
Old Irish cēo (“sky”).
Also related to Old English scūa (“shadow, darkness”), Latin obscūrus (“dark, shadowy”), Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “he covers”).
Greek - ουρανός (Sky, Heaven") ουρανός • (ouranós) m (plural ουρανοί) sky roof, canopy firmament, heaven, heavens έβδομος ουρανός m (évdomos ouranós, “seventh heaven”) ουρανής (ouranís, “sky-blue”, adj) ουρανίσκος m (ouranískos, “palate, roof of the mouth”) ουράνιος (ouránios, “celestial”) ουράνιο τόξο n (ouránio tóxo, “rainbow”)
ουράνιος • (ouránios) m (feminine ουράνια, neuter ουράνιο)
Adjective
celestial, heavenly, of or relating to the sky
(figuratively) divine (beauty)
στερέωμα • (steréoma) n (plural στερεώματα) Noun (colloquial) support, framework (colloquial) keel (literary) firmament, the heavens (figuratively) group (of people of common interest); coterie. From στερεόω (stereóō) + -μα (-ma), from στερεός (stereós, “firm, solid”).
στερεός • (stereós) m (feminine στερεᾱ́, neuter στερεόν); first/second declension Adjective firm, solid standard, of full value (of money) (figuratively) stiff, stubborn hard, stubborn, cruel solid, cubic (of bodies and quantities)
From Proto-Indo-European *ster (“strong, steady”), the same root of Old English starian (“to stare”), Proto-Germanic *staraz (“stiff”) and στεῖρος (steîros, “barren, sterile”).
γαλάζιος • (galázios) m (feminine γαλάζια, neuter γαλάζιο)
(“Azure sky blue”)
μπλε • (ble) (indeclinable) Adjective blue (neuter, as a noun) blue βαθύ μπλε (vathý ble, “deep blue”) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SUFFIX
-ότητα (“-ty, -ness”)
Αίσθηση αἴσθησις αισθητήρας αισθητήριο αισθησιασμός αισθησιακός αἰσθάνομαι
SENSE - SENSATION
Αίσθηση
αίσθηση • (aísthisi) f (plural αισθήσεις) Noun sensation, sense who πέντε αισθήσεις (five senses) perception feeling impression notion
see: αίσθηση f (aísthisi, “sense, sensation”)
From Ancient Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis).
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αισθησιακός • (aisthisiakós) m (feminine αισθησιακή, neuter αισθησιακό) Adjective sensual, sensuous luscious \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
αισθησιασμός • (aisthisiasmós) m (plural αισθησιασμοί)
Noun
sensuality
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αισθητήρας • (aisthitíras) m αισθητήρες - plural Noun sensor \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
αισθητήριο • (aisthitírio) m (plural αισθητήρια)
Noun
intuition
sense organ
αισθητήριο όργανο • (aisthitírio órgano) n (plural αισθητήρια όργανα)
(anatomy, biology) sense organ, sensory organ
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αισθητήριος • (aisthitírios) m (feminine αισθητήρια, neuter αισθητήριο)
Adjective
sensory, sense
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αἴσθησῐς • (aísthēsis) f (genitive αἰσθήσεως); third declension
Noun
Perception from the senses, feeling, hearing, seeing
Perception by the intellect as well as the senses
That which is perceived: scent
Ability to perceive: discernment
Cognition or discernment of moral discernment in ethical matters.
From αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”) + -σῐς (-sis).
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αἰσθάνομαι • (aisthánomai) Passive verb (transitive) I perceive, apprehend, notice [+genitive or accusative = something], [+nominative participle = oneself doing, that one is doing], [+genitive and genitive participle = that someone or something is doing, does], with ὅτι (hóti) or ὡς (hōs) and a verb: that ... (transitive, intransitive) I understand (transitive) I learn.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis-dʰh₁-, from *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”), from which also comes ἀΐω (aḯō). Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “openly, manifestly, evidently”), Latin audiō (“I hear”), and Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”).
HITTITE
𒌋𒄴𒄭 • (u-uḫ-ḫi) (first-person singular present active)
Verb
I see
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ow-, *h₂ew- (“to see, perceive”)
*h₂ew-
(“to perceive, see, to be aware of”)
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SANSKRIT
आविस् • (āvís)
(“before the eyes, openly, manifestly, evidently”)
Cognate with Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to perceive”), Hittite 𒌋𒀪𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”), Latin audiō (“I hear, listen”).
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ἀΐω • (aḯō)
(poetic) perceive (with genitive or accusative) (with the ear) to hear (with the eye) to see To have heard To listen, obey
Synonyms
(hear) : ἀκούω (akoúō), εἴδομαι (eídomai)
(perceive) : αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai)
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αισθησιακός (aisthisiakós, “sensual, sensuous”)
αισθησιασμός m (aisthisiasmós, “sensuality”)
αισθητήρας (aisthitíras)
αισθητήριο n (aisthitírio, “sense organ, intuition”)
αισθητήριος (aisthitírios, “sensory”)
and see: αισθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “to feel, to sense”)
όραση
ὅρᾱσῐς
VISION - EYESIGHT
όραση • (órasi) f (plural οράσεις)
Noun
(“vision, sight, eyesight”)
ὅρᾱσῐς • (hórāsis) f (genitive ὁρᾱ́σῐος or ὁρᾱ́σεως); third declension Noun seeing, sight a vision appearance
From ὁράω (horáō) + -σῐς (-sis).
causa
CAUSE - REASON - THING
CONTROVERSY
From the PIE Root / *h₂ey-
*h₂ey-
(“vital force, life, age, eternity”)
From Celtic: *aiwestom
*aiwestom n
("age, lifetime, era")
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-w-es-to-
From *h₂ey- (“age, eternity”).
From *h₂óyu n (oblique stem *h₂yéw-)
(“long time, lifetime”)
αἰτέω • (aitéō)
Verb
(“Beg - Plead - Pray - Petition”)
(usually transitive) to ask for, crave, demand, beg [+accusative = something], [+two accusatives = something from someone]; or with object omitted.
(transitive) to ask for [+accusative and infinitive = someone to do something].
(logic, transitive) to postulate, assume.
(middle, transitive) to ask for oneself, for one’s own use or purpose, to claim.
(passive, of persons) to have a thing begged of one.
(of things) to be asked for.
Synonyms
(beg): δέομαι (passive verb), αἰτίζω (verb)
αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension
Adjective
causing, being the author of, responsible for
to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable
(substantive) defendant, accused, culprit.
From *αἶτος (“share”) + -ιος (adjective)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s
From *h₂ey- (“to give”).
SUFFIX
-ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension
Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to.
Hittite
-𒉡𒊻𒍣 • (-nu-uz-zi)
Suffix
Used to form causative verbs from verbs or adjectives.
Akkadian
Adverb
𒉡 (lā) [NU]
(“not”)
From Proto-Anatolian *-nū́di.
-nū́di (plural, ‘-nwénti’)
Suffix
Used to form causative verbs from verbs or adjectives.
From Proto-Indo-European *-néwti.
*(Ø)-néwti
Forms transitive imperfective verbs from roots.
Forms verbs that do not have a beginning, middle or ending. They are “ongoing” verbs.
Russian
ны́не • (nýne)
Adverb
(“now, nowadays, today, at present”)
Latin - nūdus (feminine nūda, neuter nūdum); first/second-declension adjective Adjective unclothed, nude, naked stripped, deprived, destitute poor, needy bare, simple, pure unadorned from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós. Cognates include Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”)
From Sanskrit
नग्न • (nagná)
(“naked, bare, desolate, desert, new”)
From Old English nacod
(“naked”)
From Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz
(“Naked”)
*nakwōną
(“to make naked, bare, expose oneself”)
From Proto-Italic *nogʷedos
Adjective
(“Naked”)
from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós.
Root
("Naked")
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ETERNAL - AGE - AEON
αιώνιος • (aiónios) m (feminine αιώνια or αιωνία, neuter αιώνιο)
Adjective
eternal, everlasting, perpetual
(figuratively) hard-wearing.
see: αιώνας m (“century, eon, eternity”)
ανθεκτικός • (anthektikós) m (feminine ανθεκτική, neuter ανθεκτικό)
Adjective
(“hard, tough, durable, hard-wearing”)
ανθεκτικότητα • (anthektikótita) f (plural ανθεκτικότητες)
Adjective
(“durability, endurance”)
Synonym: αντοχή (antochí)
αντοχή • (antochí) f (plural αντοχές)
Noun
(“endurance, withstanding”)
αντέχω • (antécho)
άντεξα - simple past passive
Verb
(“withstand, endure, bear, stand, persevere”)
αιώνας • (aiónas) m (plural αιώνες)
Noun
century (100 consecutive years)
century (specifically a numbered period with conventional start)
Έγινε στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα. ―
It took place in the middle of the 20th century.
(geology) eon, era, age
Φανεροζωικός αιώνας ― Phanerozoic eon
(“eternity, age, eon”)
From Ancient Greek αἰών (“epoch”).
αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension Noun lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity. From earlier αἰϝών (aiwṓn) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”) whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye.
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LATIN - (Eternity)
aevum n (genitive aevī); second declension
Noun
time, eternity
lifetime, age, generation
(Medieval Latin, philosophy) aevum, the mean between time and eternity, aeviternity.
From earlier aevom, from Old Latin aivom, from Proto-Italic *aiwom (“period, age”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force”) (compare Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 (āiiū), Ancient Greek αἰές (aiés), German nie, je).
aevum (uncountable)
(philosophy) the mean between time and eternity; the state of being of the angels and saints in heaven.
(mean between time and eternity): aeviternity.
aeviternity (countable and uncountable, plural aeviternities)
(philosophy) The midpoint between time and eternity; the mode of being of the angels, saints, and celestial bodies (which mediaeval astronomy believed to be unchanging).
1862, (St. Thomas Aquinas), Summa Theologica - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 78:
Further, if there is no before and after in aeviternity, it follows that in aeviternal things there is no difference between being, having been, or going to be. Since then it is impossible for aeviternal things not to have been, it follows that it is impossible for them not to be in the future; which is false, since God can reduce them to nothing.
2002, William Ferguson, Jonah Christopher and the Last Chance Mass, →ISBN, page 90:
“Aeviternity,” the old man said in a matter-of-fact way, shrugging his shoulders. “You were in aeviternity.” Seeing Jonah’s puzzled look and knowing that his charge was not one to rest without the answers he sought, he continued, “. . .the realm of the angels and saints. What most people mean when they say eternity is actually aeviternity. You see, eternity is unchanging, without beginning or end. Only God is truly eternal.
2013, Samuel L. Macey, Encyclopedia of Time, →ISBN, page 169:
At the end of the world after the last judgment, time will cease and we will live like the angels in a state of aeviternity.
aevum (uncountable)
(philosophy) the mean between time and eternity; the state of being of the angels and saints in heaven.
aeviternitās f (genitive aeviternitātis); third declension
Alternative form of aeternitās
(philosophy) aeviternity, aevum, a mean between time and eternity.
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ENGLISH - (Eternity)
From Middle English eternyte, from Old French eternité, eternitez, from Latin aeternitās.
eternity (countable and uncountable, plural eternities)
(uncountable) Existence without end, infinite time..
(uncountable, philosophy) Existence outside of time.
(countable) A period of time which extends infinitely far into the future.
(metaphysical) The remainder of time that elapses after death.
(informal, hyperbolic) A comparatively long time.
It’s been an eternity since we last saw each other.
sempiternity (uncountable)
(philosophy) existence within time but infinitely into the future, as opposed to eternity, understood as existence outside time.
sempiternal (not comparable)
“)Everlasting, eternal”)
from semper (“always”) + æternus (“eternal”).
(philosophy) Everlasting, that is, having infinite temporal duration (as opposed to eternal: outside time and thus lacking temporal duration altogether).
Latin - semper (not comparable)
(“Always, One”)
Spero ut pacem semper habeant.
I hope that they may always have peace.
Antonyms
numquam
(“Never”)
Latin - num (not comparable)
now (only in the phrase etiam num)
(in a direct question) a particle expecting a negation
Num Sparta insula est? — Non est insula.
Sparta’s not an island, is it? — No, it’s not.
(in an indirect question) whether.
From Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”).
From Latin: num (“now”), nunc (< *num + -ce)
nunc (not comparable)
(“now”)
From Greek νυν (“now”).
νυν • (nyn)
("now, currently")
νυν και αεί (“now and forever”)
Synonyms
τώρα • (tóra)
("now")
Sanskrit
नु • (nú)
(“now, at once, now then, so now”)
Old English nū (whence English now).
nu m (oblique and nominative feminine singular nue)
Derived terms
(“Nude, naked”)
From Greek - γυμνός
Gymnasium - gymno
(“Naked”)
γυμνός • (gumnós) m (feminine γυμνή, neuter γυμνόν); first/second declension Adjective naked, unclad unarmed, without armor, defenseless bare, uncovered stripped, destitute lightly clad mere
from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷmós
from *nogʷós
("bare, naked")
Derived from PIE root *negʷ-
("bare, naked")
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
LATIN - (Cause)
causa f (genitive causae); first declension Noun cause, reason case, claim, contention motive, pretext situation, condition (figuratively) justification, explanation (Medieval Latin) thing.
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SYNONYMOUS
δέομαι • (déomai)
present mediopassive indicative first-person singular of δέω (déō)
From δέω • (déō) Verb I bind, tie, fasten, fetter. (figuratively) (middle) I tie onto myself. (with genitive) I hinder from. (medicine) I brace.
From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁-.
*deh₁-
(“to bind”)
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διαιτάω • (diaitáō)
Verb
to treat (handle, deal with or behave towards in a specific way)
(in the mediopassive) to lead one’s life, live
to arbitrate, regulate
to reconcile.
δια- (dia-) + αἰτάω (aitáō), frequentative of αἴνυμαι (aínumai, “to take”); compare αἰτέω (aitéō, “to ask for”). Some forms are augmented after the prefix as usual, i.e. διῃτα- (diēita-), but others are augmented to ἐδιαιτα- (ediaita-), treating the first three letters as part of the root. Still other forms have a double augment in ἐδιῃτα- (ediēita-). The double augment is especially common in the prefixed verbs ἀποδιαιτάω (apodiaitáō), ἐκδιαιτάω (ekdiaitáō), etc. (see Derived forms below).
Accuse
ACCUSE
accūsō (present infinitive accūsāre, perfect active accūsāvī, supine accūsātum); first conjugation
Verb
I blame, reproach, make a complaint against, find fault with.
(law) I indict, accuse, arraign, charge with a crime.
From ad- (“to, towards, at”) + causa (“cause, reason, account, lawsuit”).
Derived terms Edit accūsābilis accūsātiō accūsātīvus accūsātor accūsitō Related terms Edit accūsātōriē accūsātōrius accūsātrīx
Postposition causā (+ genitive) for the sake of or on account of urbis causā (“for the sake of the city”). Derived terms Edit
Excuse
EXCUSE
excūsō (present infinitive excūsāre, perfect active excūsāvī, supine excūsātum); first conjugation
Verb
I excuse, allege in excuse; literally, free from a charge.
From ex- + causa (“cause, reason; case”) + -ō.
Recuse
RECUSE
recūsō (present infinitive recūsāre, perfect active recūsāvī, supine recūsātum); first conjugation Verb I refuse, decline I object to, reject (law) I protest, object.
recūsātiō f (genitive recūsātiōnis); third declension Ve b refusal, declining objection, protest plea in defence, counter plea.
recuso + -tio.
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SUFFIX
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension
-tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
-ātiō f
(Vulgar Latin) Form of -tiō appended to nouns
gradus + -ātiō → gradātiō
cor + -ātiō → *corātiō.
By rebracketing of words formed from first conjugation verbs, such as accūsātiō (accūsāre + -tiō), where -ā- is part of the stem.
Incuse
ASSIGN CAUSE - MOTIVE
incūsō (present infinitive incūsāre, perfect active incūsāvī, supine incūsātum); first conjugation
Verb
(“ I find fault with, blame, accuse”)
From in- + causa (“cause, motive”) + -ō.
From prefix in-
(“in, within, inside”)
Also used as a negative prefix. in- un-, non-, not Usage "not" Affixed primarily to adjectives.
The spelling of the prefix changes in some situations:
Before b or p, it becomes im-.
in- + barba (“beard”) → imberbis (“beardless”)
in- + patiēns (“patient”) → impatiēns (“impatient”)
Before l, m, or r, it becomes il-, im-, or ir-, respectively.
in- + labōrātus (“worked, toilsome”) → illabōrātus (“unworked, uncultivated”)
in- + mātūrus (“mature”) → immātūrus (“immature”)
in- + reverēns (“reverent”) → irreverēns (“irreverent”)
Before gn and sometimes n, it becomes ig- (pronounced [ɪŋ-]).
in- + gnārus (“knowlegable”) → ignārus (“ignorant”)
in- + nōmen (“name”) → ignōminia (“dishonor”)
Before f or s, it becomes īn- (pronounced [ĩː-]).
in- + fīnītus (“finite”) → īnfīnītus (“endless, infinite”)
in- + sānus (“healthy, sane”) → īnsānus (“mad, insane”)
πρόδρομος
PRECURSOR - PRIOR - FORERUNNER
πρόδρομος • (pródromos) m or f (plural πρόδρομοι)
Non
(“forerunner, precursor, pioneer”)
προπομπός • (propompós) m (plural προπομποί)
Noun
(“forerunner”)
Original Word: πρόδρομος, ου, ὁ, ἡ
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: prodromos
Phonetic Spelling: (prod’-rom-os)
Definition: a running forward, going in advance
Usage: a precursor, forerunner, advance guard.
HELPS Word-studies
4274 pródromos (from 4253 /pró, “before” and 1408 /drómos, “a race-course”) – properly, a person running ahead (a forerunner) to reach the destination before others – i.e. arriving safely in advance for the benefit of others who also need to get there.
Original Word: δρόμος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: dromos Phonetic Spelling: (drom'-os) Definition: a course, race Usage: a running, course, career, race. HELPS Word-studies 1408 drómos (related to edramon, "run" and 5143 /tréxō, "to race") – properly, a race-course (track), where foot-runners competed in the ancient Greek games.
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LATIN
From Latin: prae + currere
precursor (n.)
early 15c., from Middle French precurseur and directly from Latin praecursor “forerunner,” agent noun from past-participle stem of praecurrere, from prae “before” (see pre-) + currere “to run” (from PIE root *kers- “to run”). Related: Precursory.
currō (present infinitive currere, perfect active cucurrī, supine cursum); third conjugation
Verb
(intransitive) I run.
(intransitive) I hurry, hasten, speed.
(intransitive) I move, travel, proceed
(transitive, of a race, journey, with accusative) I run
(transitive, with accusative) I travel through, traverse, run.
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”).
From Proto-Italic/ *korzō (“to run”)
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condīcō
CONDITION (as in a cause of something)
Noun
condiciō f (genitive condiciōnis); third declension
Noun
An agreement, contract, covenant, stipulation, pact, proposition.
A condition, term, demand.
A marriage, match.
(metonymically) A spouse, bride.
A love affair, amour.
(metonymically) A paramour, lover.
An external position, situation, rank, place, circumstances, condition.
A nature, mode, character, disposition, manner, condition.
From condīcō (“I agree upon, promise; fix”), from con- (“with”) + dīcō (“I say, speak”). Compare Latin conditiō.
dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular short imperative Verb I say, utter; mention; talk, speak. Salūtem dīcit. ― He says hi. (literally, “He says health.”) Synonyms: āiō, for, loquor I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell. I appoint, name (to an office) I call, name (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I speak in reference to, refer to.
αποτέλεσμα
RESULT (resulting from)
result, effect, score, outcome, conclusion, upshot.
αποτέλεσμα • (apotélesma) n (plural αποτελέσματα)
Noun n
result, outcome (sport, election, etc)
τα αποτελέσματα του τεστ ― the test results
effect.
αποτελεσματικά (apotelesmatiká, “effectively”)
αποτελεσματικός (apotelesmatikós, “effective”)
αποτελεσματικότητα f (apotelesmatikótita, “efficacy”)
αποτελεσματικά • (apotelesmatiká)
Adverb
(“effectively”)
αποτελεσματικός • (apotelesmatikós) m (feminine αποτελεσματική, neuter αποτελεσματικό)
Adjective
(“effective, efficient”)
αποτελεσματικότητα • (apotelesmatikótita) f (uncountable)
Noun
(“efficacy, effectiveness”)
αποτελεσματικός (“effective, efficient”) + -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”).
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LATIN
result (v.)
early 15c., “occur as a result, arise as a consequence,” from Medieval Latin resultare “to result,” in classical Latin “to spring forward, rebound,” frequentative of past participle of resilire “to rebound” (see resilience). Related: Resulted; resulting.
result (n.)
1620s, “action of springing back;” 1640s, “outcome, effect,” from result (v.). Related: Results. Mathematical sense from 1771.
From Latin: resultare
re-echo
rebound, spring back
reverberate, resound
ακολουθώ
CONSEQUENCE (follow together, alongside)
sequence (n.)
late 14c., “hymn sung after the Hallelujah and before the Gospel,” from Old French sequence “answering verses” (13c.)
from Medieval Latin sequentia “a following, a succession,”
from Latin sequentem (nominative sequens), present participle of sequi “to follow”
from PIE root *sekw- (1) “to follow”).
In Church use, a partial loan-translation of Greek akolouthia
from akolouthos “following.”
General sense of “succession,” also “a sequence at cards,” appeared 1570s.
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ακόλουθος • (akólouthos) m or f (plural ακόλουθοι)
Noun
(“attendant, attaché, acolyte”)
ᾰ̓́κόλουθος • (ákólouthos) m or f
neuter ᾰ̓́κόλουθον
Adjective
(“following, attending”)
ακόλουθος • (akólouthos) m
ακόλουθη feminine
Adjective
(“following, next, as follows”)
ακολούθως • (akoloúthos)
Adverb
(“afterwards, next”)
ως ακολούθως ― as follows
ακολουθώ • (akolouthó) (simple past ακολούθησα, passive ακολουθούμαι, ακολουθιέμαι)
Verb
follow, pursue.
follow, come next.
go with, escort.
follow, listen to.
Ακολούθησε τον Οδυσσέα στην αυλή. ― She followed Odysseas into the yard.
From Ancient Greek ἀκολουθέω (“to join, to follow a leader or teacher”)
ακολουθάω • (akoloutháo) (simple past ακολούθησα, passive ακολουθούμαι, ακολουθιέμαι)
Verb
Alternative form of ακολουθώ (akolouthó)
ἀκολουθέω • (akolouthéō)
Verb
(transitive, intransitive) to follow, go after, go with [+dative or rarely accusative = someone] or with prepositions such as σύν (sún) and the dative, μετά (metá) and the genitive, or ἐπί (epí) and the accusative.
(figuratively)
(transitive) to follow one in a thing, let oneself be led by [+dative or rarely accusative = someone or something.
(transitive) to follow the thread of a discourse.
(of things, transitive) to follow, be consequent on.
(intransitive) it follows.
From ἀκόλουθος (“following”) + -έω (verbal suffix)
παρακολουθώ • (parakolouthó) (simple past παρακολούθησα, passive παρακολουθούμαι) Verb watch, spectate surveille, keep watch on follow, trail.
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SYNONYM
ἕπομαι • (hépomai) Verb I follow, obey [+dative = someone] Synonym: ἀκολουθέω (akolouthéō) I stand by, support, help I attend, escort I pursue I keep pace with I come near, approach I cling, stick I belong to, am inseparable from I follow suit, agree with I follow, result, am a consequence of I understand.
From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-
*sekʷ- (imperfective)
(“to follow”)
Cognates Ancient Greek: ἑσπόμην (aorist)
ἕσπετο • (héspeto)
Verb
third-person singular aorist middle indicative of ἕπομαι (to follow)
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LATIN
sequor (present infinitive sequī, perfect active secūtus sum); third conjugation, deponent
Verb
(with accusative) I follow, come or go after.
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SANSKRIT
सचते • (sácate) (root सच्, class 1 A) (Vedic sácatai)
Verb
to be associated or united with, have to do with, be familiar with, associate oneself with
to be possessed of, enjoy
to take part or participate in, suffer, endure
to belong to, be attached or devoted to, serve, follow, seek, pursue, favour, assist
to be connected with
to fall to the lot of
to be together
to go after, follow, accompany, adhere or be attached to
to help any one to anything
to abide in
to follow, obey
to belong to
to be devoted to or fond of.
from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor
Verb
Mediopassive root present of *sekʷ- (“follow”).
*sékʷetor (imperfective)
("to be following")
सचा • (sácā)
Adverb
(“near, along, together”)
(locative case) following or preceding.
Compare Latin: secus.
secus (+ accusative)
Preposition
("by, beside, along, on")
Synonym: secundum
("according to, in proportion to")
Latin: secus (not comparable)
Adverb
(“otherwise, to the contrary, differently”)
επίδραση
efficiō
EFFECT
επίδραση
(“Effect, Impact”)
Μετά από αυτο, η επίδραση της εξέλιξης χάνεται εντελώς.
After that the effect of evolution completely dissipates.
Η ομιλία μου αφορά την επίδραση των θρησκειών στον αριθμό των βρεφών ανά γυναίκα.
My talk will be about the impact of religions on the number of babies per woman.
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δρω • (dro) (simple past έδρασα)
Verb
act, take action, do something
take effect, have an effect on.
αντιδρώ (antidró, “to respond”) αλληλεπιδρώ (allilepidró, “to interact”) αποδρώ (apodró, “to escape”) δράση f (drási, “action”) δράστης m (drástis, “perpetrator”) δραστικός (drastikós, “effective”) επιδρώ (epidró, “to influence”)
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αντιδρώ • (antidró) (simple past αντέδρασα, passive —)
Verb
react, respond
(chemistry, physiology) react.
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αντιδράω • (antidráo) (simple past αντέδρασα, passive —)
Verb
Alternative form of αντιδρώ (antidró)
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αλληλεπιδρώ • (allilepidró) (simple past αλληλεπίδρασα)
Verb
(“interact, act mutually”)
αλληλ- (“reciprocal, mutual”) + επιδρώ (“to take action”)
ἀλλήλων • (allḗlōn)
Pronoun
referring back to a plural subject, and expressing an action done in two directions: of one another, to one another, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally.
From phrases such as ἄλλος ἄλλον (állos állon), ἄλλοι ἄλλους (álloi állous, “one another”)
From phrases such as ἄλλος ἄλλον, ἄλλοι ἄλλους (“one another”)
ἄλλος • (állos) m (feminine ἄλλη, neuter ἄλλο); first/second declension
Adjective
other, another, different, else
(with article) all others, all besides, the rest
(with numerals) yet, still
(in lists) as well, besides, too
equivalent to ἀλλοῖος (alloîos) of another sort than (with genitive)
(in phrases)
in combination with τις (tis) any other; anyone else, anything else
in the phrase ἄλλος τε καὶ (állos te kaì) especially, most of all
in the phrase εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος (eí tis kaì állos) or εἴ τι καὶ ἄλλο (eí ti kaì állo) if anyone, whoever else; if anything, whatever else.
From Proto-Hellenic *áľľos
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos.
*h₂élyos
Determiner
(“other, another”)
From *h₂el- (“beyond, other”).
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PREFIX
αλληλ- • (allil-)
Alternative form of αλληλο- (allilo-)
αλληλο- • (allilo-)
added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicate some form of reciprocity or mutuality; inter-:
αλληλο- (allilo-) + γράφω (gráfo, “to write”) → αλληλογραφία (allilografía, “correspondence”)
αλληλο- (allilo-) + εγγύηση (engýisi, “guarantee, surety”) → αλληλεγγύη (allilengýi, “solidarity”)
αλληλο- (allilo-) + εξαρτώμαι (exartómai, “to depend on”) → αλληλεξάρτηση (allilexártisi, “interdependency”)
αλληλο- (allilo-) + επιδρώ (epidró, “to affect”) → αλληλεπίδραση (allilepídrasi, “interaction”)
inter-
(“between, amid, among, during, within, mutual, reciprocal”)
From Latin inter- (“between, amid”), a form of prepositional inter (“between”).
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Old English elles (English else).
from Old English elles (“other, otherwise, different”)
elles
they (feminine)
From modern Greek αλλιώς (“otherwise, else”)
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos
from *h₂el- (“other”).
From Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille.
From Latin: ille
ille - masculine
illa - feminine
illud - neuter
demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)
Determiner
(determiner) that; those (in the plural)
(pronoun) that one; that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it
(Vulgar Latin) he, she, it (third-person personal pronoun)
(Medieval Latin, Vulgar Latin) the (used as a definite article)
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δράση • (drási) f (plural δράσεις)
Noun
action (of person or object)
αντίδραση f (antídrasi, “reaction”)
αντιδραστικός m (antidrastikós, “reactionary”)
ακτίνα δράσης f (aktína drásis, “field of action”)
and see: δρω (dro, “to take action”)
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LATIN
efficiō (present infinitive efficere, perfect active effēcī, supine effectum); third conjugation iō-variant
I make or work out; effect, execute, complete, accomplish, make, form, compose.
I cause to occur, bring about, effect.
I produce, bear, yield.
I yield, bear, amount to, make out.
(philosophy) I make out, show, prove, deduce.
ενέργεια
ENERGY - ACTION
ενέργεια • (enérgeia) f
ενέργειες - plural
Noun
(physics) energy
("action")
δυναμικό ενέργειας n (“action potential”)
ενεργειακός (energeiakós, “energy”)
ενεργοβόρος (energovóros, “energy greedy”)
ενεργώ (energó, “to act, to work”)
ενεργητικός (energitikós, “working, energetic”)
ενεργός (energós, “active”)
ενεργώ • (energó)
ενέργησα - simple past
(“act, carry out an action”)
δυναμικό ενέργειας • (dynamikó enérgeias) n
Noun
(physiology, physics) action potential
ενεργητικός • (energitikós) m ( ενεργητική - feminine ενεργητικό - neuter Adjective (linguistics, grammar) in the active voice.
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GRAMMAR
ενεργητική φωνή f (“active voice”)
παθητικός φωνή (“passive voice”)
ενεργητική φωνή • (energitikí foní) f
(grammar) active voice
see: ενεργητικός and φωνή (voice)
πᾰθητῐκός • (pathētikós) m (feminine πᾰθητῐκή, neuter πᾰθητῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective Subject to feeling or passion: sensitive Full of feeling: passionate, sensuous pathetic passive, receptive (grammar) passive
From παθ- (path-) the root of πάσχω (páskhō, “to suffer”), + -τικός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix).
φωνή • (foní) f
φωνές - plural
voice, sound
(music) voice, note
(grammar, linguistics) voice
ενεργητική φωνή ― energitikí foní ― active voice
παθητική φωνή ― pathitikí foní ― passive voice
μέση φωνή ― mési foní ― middle voice
μεσοπαθητική φωνή ― mesopathitikí foní ― mediopassive voice
διανοητικός
dianoetic
DISCURSIVE - MENTAL - INTELLECTUAL
διανοητικός
adjective
(“Proceeding to a conclusion by reason or argument rather than intuition”)
Dialogue , discourse.
Synonyms
Discursive, logical.
Antonyms
Illogical, direct, analytic.
εξέλιξη
πρόοδος
EVOLUTION - DEVELOPMENT - PROGRESS
εξέλιξη • (exélixi) f εξελίξεις - plural Noun (biology) evolution Synonym: ανέλιξη (anélixi) progress Synonym: πρόοδος (próodos)
ανέλιξη • (anélixi) f (plural ανελίξεις)
Noun
(biology) evolution
Synonym: εξέλιξη (exélixi)
πρόοδος • (próodos) f (plural πρόοδοι)
Noun
(“progress, moving forward”)
ανελικτικός • (aneliktikós) m (feminine ανελικτική, neuter ανελικτικό)
Adjective
evolutionary
Synonym: εξελικτικός (exeliktikós)
εξέλιξη f (exélixi, “progress, evolution”)
εξελικτικός (exeliktikós, “evolutionary”, adjective)
Μετάλλαξη
MUTATION
αὔγουρ
contemplātus
CONTEMPLATE
AUGURY - FORETELLING - OMEN
contemplate (v.)
1590s, “reflect upon, ponder, study, view mentally, meditate,” from Latin contemplatus, past participle of contemplari “to gaze attentively, observe; consider, contemplate,” originally “to mark out a space for observation”
From templum, where auguries are taken.
(as an augur does), from assimilated form of com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + templum “area for the taking of auguries”
(see temple (n.1)
From c. 1600 as “to view or observe with continued attention.”
From 1816 as “to intend, have in view as a future act.”
temple (n.1)
“building for worship, edifice dedicated to the service of a deity or deities,” Old English tempel, from Latin templum “piece of ground consecrated for the taking of auspices, building for worship of a god,” of uncertain signification.
Commonly referred to PIE root *tem- “to cut,” on notion of “place reserved or cut out” [Watkins], or to root *temp- “to stretch” [Klein, de Vaan], on notion of “cleared (measured) space in front of an altar” (from PIE root *ten- “to stretch;” compare temple (n.2)), the notion being perhaps the “stretched” string that marks off the ground. Compare Greek temenos “sacred area around a temple,” literally “place cut off,” from stem of temnein “to cut.” Figurative sense of “any place regarded as occupied by divine presence” was in Old English. Applied to Jewish synagogues from 1590s.
*tem-
also *temə-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to cut.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Greek temnein “to cut,” tomos “volume, section of a book,” originally “a section, piece cut off;” Old Church Slavonic tina “to cleave, split;” Middle Irish tamnaim “I cut off,” Welsh tam “morsel.”
Compare *sec and *sacre
contemplātus (feminine contemplāta, neuter contemplātum, adverb contemplātim); first/second-declension participle Participle observed, noted, noticed regarded contemplated
αὔγουρ • (aúgour) m (genitive αὔγουρος); third declension
Noun
(“augur”)
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SACRED - SECOND - TEM
PIE *sekw
second (adj., n.)
“next in order after the first; an ordinal numeral; being one of two equal parts into which a whole is regarded as divided;” c. 1300, from Old French second, secont, and directly from Latin secundus “following, next in time or order,” also “secondary, subordinate, inferior,”
from PIE *sekw-ondo-, pariticipal form of root *sekw- “to follow.”
second (n.1)
“one-sixtieth of a minute of degree,” also “sixtieth part of a minute of time,” late 14c. in geometry, from Old French seconde, from Medieval Latin secunda, short for secunda pars minuta “second diminished part,” the result of the second division of the hour by sixty (the first being the “prime minute,” now called the minute), from Latin secunda, fem. of secundus “following, next in time or order” (see second (adj.)). The second hand of a clock is attested from 1759.
SACRED - SANCTIFY
From Old Latin saceres
From PIE root *sak- “to sanctify.”
From Old French sacrer “consecrate, anoint, dedicate”
saint (v.)
(“To Enroll - someone among the saints”)
late 14c., from saint (n.). Related: Sainted; sainting.
saint (n.) early 12c., From Old French saint, seinte "a saint; a holy relic" From Old English sanct. From Latin sanctus "holy, consecrated" From Spanish "santo, santa" From Italian "san" Properly past participle of "sancire" "consecrate" (see sacred). Adopted into most Germanic languages Old Frisian "sankt" Dutch "sint" German "Sanct"
holy (adj.)
Old English halig “holy, consecrated, sacred; godly; ecclesiastical,” from Proto-Germanic *hailaga- (source also of Old Norse heilagr, Danish hellig, Old Frisian helich “holy,” Old Saxon helag, Middle Dutch helich, Old High German heilag, German heilig, Gothic hailags “holy”), from PIE *kailo- “whole, uninjured” (see health). Adopted at conversion for Latin sanctus.
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άγιος
Noun
(“Holy”)
άγιος • (ágios) m (feminine αγία or άγια, neuter άγιο)
(“holy, saintly”)
(“address for priests”)
(figuratively) a pious person
Αϊ- m (Aï-, “Saint”)
Αγια- f (Agia-, “Saint”)
αγιο- (agio-, “holy”, prefix)
Αγια- • (Agia-) feminine, indeclinable (masculine: Αϊ-)
Prefix
(“Female Saints”)
ἅγιος • (hágios) m (feminine ἁγίᾱ, neuter ἅγιον); first/second declension Noun devoted to the gods. of things: sacred, holy. of people: holy, pious, pure. accursed.
From Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂ǵ-yus.
*Hyeh₂ǵ-
(“to sacrifice, to worship, sacred, holy”)
ἅζομαι • (házomai) (Epic)
Verb
(“to dread, stand in awe of, reverence”)
From Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂ǵ- (“to revere”) (compare ἅγιος (hágios)
cognate with Sanskrit यजति (yájati, “to revere”).
ἁγνός • (hagnós) m (feminine ἁγνή, neuter ἁγνόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“pure, chaste, holy, sacred, purifying”)
SUFFIX
-νος • (-nos) m (feminine -νη, neuter -νον); first/second declension
Added to roots or words to forms adjectives or nouns; often accented on ultima.
From Proto-Indo-European *-nós.
*(Ø)-nós
Creates verbal adjectives from roots.
ἁγνείᾱ • (hagneíā) f (genitive ἁγνείᾱς); first declension
Noun n
(“purity, chastity, purification, cleansing”)
ᾰ̔γνῐ́ζω • (hagnízō) (Attic, Koine)
Verb
(transitive) To make pure, to purify, cleanse away, especially by water.
(transitive) To hallow the dead by fire.
(transitive) To burn up, destroy.
From ἁγνός (“sacred, pure”) + -ίζω (denominative verb suffix).
A denominative verb is a verb that is derived from a noun.
ᾰ̔γνῐσμός • (hagnismós) m (genitive ᾰ̔γνῐσμοῦ); second declension
Noun
(“purification, expiation”)
From ἁγνίζω (“to purify, cleanse”) + -μός (Forms abstract nouns.)
SUFFIX
-ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension
(“Forms abstract nouns”)
Rebracketing of the suffix -μός (-mós) appended to verbs in -ίζω (-ízō) / -ίζομαι (-ízomai), such as in λογισμός (logismós) (λογίζομαι (logízomai) + -μός
From Proto-Indo-European *-mos or *-mós.
*(ó)-mos m
(“Creates action/result nouns from verb stems”)
Latin
-mus (front vowel harmony variant -mys)
forms nouns from verbs
tutkia (“to study, explore, investigate”) + -mus → tutkimus (“research, investigation”)
luottaa (“to trust”) + -mus → luottamus (“trust”)
From Proto-Indo-European *-mos or *-mós.
*(ó)-mos m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
*(Ø)-mós m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
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augur (plural augurs)
Noun
A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences.
(Ancient Rome) An official who interpreted omens before the start of public events.
augur (third-person singular simple present augurs, present participle auguring, simple past and past participle augured)
Verb
(“To foretell events; to exhibit signs of future events”)
(“To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue”)
(“to augur well or ill”)
Of uncertain origin. Two possibilities are:
From Old Latin *augus (“increase”) (genitive *augeris), which is related to augeō (“to increase”) From avis (“bird”) + garrire (“to talk”), as augurs were known to observe the behavior of birds.
Borrowed from Latin augur, of uncertain origin; akin to augurō (“interpret omens”).
augurō (present infinitive augurāre, perfect active augurāvī, supine augurātum); first conjugation
Verb
I predict, foretell, forebode.
(usually deponent) I conjecture, guess, surmise.
(usually deponent) I perform the services of an augur, interpret omens, augur.
From augur (“augur, soothsayer”) + -ō.
auguro
Verb
first-person singular present indicative of augurare.
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inaugurō (present infinitive inaugurāre, perfect active inaugurāvī, supine inaugurātum); first conjugation
Verb
I divine, practice augury, take omens from the flight of birds.
I consecrate, inaugurate, approve on the basis of omens.
I install.
From in- + augurō (“prophesy, interpret omens”).
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inaugurare
Verb
(transitive) to inaugurate, christen, open, unveil, start, launch.
(transitive) to use for the first time.
From Latin inaugurō (“approve on the basis of omens”)
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auspex m (genitive auspicis); third declension
Noun
an augur
(“an officiating priest”)
From *avi-spex (“who examines (the flight of) the birds”). The first part of the word is the stem of avis (“bird”). The second part is related to specere, speciō (“to watch, observe”).
See also haruspex.
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ᾱ̓ετός • (āetós) m (genitive ᾱ̓ετοῦ); second declension Noun eagle omen gable
From Proto-Hellenic *ayyetós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognates include Sanskrit वि (ví), Latin avis and Old Armenian հաւ (haw).
Greek: αετός m (aetós, “eagle”)
χαρταετός (chartaetós, “kite (toy)”
ἁλιαίετος (ἁliaíetos, “osprey”)
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Omen
From Latin ōmen (“foreboding, omen”).
Something which portends or is perceived to portend a good or evil event or circumstance in the future; an augury or foreboding.
prophetic significance
Adjectives often applied to “omen”: good, ill, bad, auspicious, evil, favorable, happy, lucky.
Synonyms
portent, sign, signal, token, forewarning, warning, danger sign, foreshadowing, prediction, forecast, prophecy, harbinger, augury, auspice, presage, straw in the wind, (hand)writing on the wall, indication, hint, foretoken.
υποθέτω
ASSUME
υποθέτω • (ypothéto) (simple past υπέθεσα)
Verb
(“suppose, guess”)
assume (v.)
early 15c., “to arrogate, take upon oneself,”
from Latin assumere, adsumere “to take up, take to oneself, take besides, obtain in addition,”
from ad “to, toward, up to” (see ad-) + sumere “to take,”
from sub “under” (see sub-) + emere “to take,”
from PIE root *em- “to take, distribute.”
Meaning “to suppose, to take for granted without proof as the basis of argument” is first recorded 1590s; that of “to take or put on fictitiously” (an appearance, etc.) is from c. 1600. Related: Assumed; assuming. Early past participle was assumpt. In rhetorical usage, assume expresses what the assumer postulates, often as a confessed hypothesis; presume expresses what the presumer really believes. Middle English also had assumpten “to receive up into heaven” (especially of the Virgin Mary), from the Latin past participle.
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presume (v.)
late 14c., “to take upon oneself, to take liberty,” also “to take for granted, presuppose,” especially overconfidently, from Old French presumer (12c.) and directly from Latin praesumere “anticipate,” in
Late Latin, “assume,” from prae “before” (see pre-) + sumere “to take, obtain, buy,”
from sus‑, variant of sub‑ “up from under” + emere “to take”
from PIE root *em- “to take, distribute”
“To presume is to base a tentative or provisional opinion on such knowledge as one has, to be held until it is modified or overthrown by further information”
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*em-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to take, distribute.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit yamati “holds, subdues;”
Latin emere “buy,” originally “take,” sumere “to take, obtain, buy;”
Old Church Slavonic imo “to take;”
Lithuanian imu, imti “to take.”
It forms all or part of: assume; consume; emption; example; exemplar; exemplary; exemplify; exempt; exemption; impromptu; peremptory; pre-emption; premium; presume; presumption; prompt; pronto; ransom; redeem; redemption; resume; sample; sejm; subsume; sumptuary; sumptuous; vintage.
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SYNONYM
λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō)
I take I take hold of, grasp, seize. I take by force, plunder. I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize. (of a god) I possess. (of darkness, etc.) I cover. I catch, overtake. I catch, discover, detect. I bind (under oath) I keep. I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand. (logic) I assume, take as granted. I undertake. I receive, get. I receive hospitably. I receive in marriage. I conceive. I admit. (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of. I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure. I check myself.
τοποθετώ
PLACE - POSITION
τοποθετώ • (topothetó) (simple past τοποθέτησα, passive τοποθετούμαι)
Verb
(“I position”)
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τόπος • (tópos) m (plural τόποι) Noun place, location, locality country native land home town space, room (occupied by something) soil, land (mathematics) locus (set of points)
αγριότοπος m (“wild country, wilderness”)
τοποθεσία f (“position, place”)
τοποθετώ ( “to position”)
κοινός τόπος m (“commonplace”)
τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension Noun place, location topic; (rhetoric) commonplace position, office opportunity, possibility
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ἄτοπος • (átopos) m or f (neuter ἄτοπον); second declension
Adjective
unusual, out of place.
From ἀ- (not) + τόπος (“in place”).
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ἀτοπία • (atopía)
Noun
(“extraordinariness, uncommonness”)
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τοποθεσία • (topothesía) f (plural τοποθεσίες)
Noun
(“place, location, site, situation”)
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αγριότοπος • (agriótopos) m (plural αγριότοποι)
Noun
(“wild country, wilderness, uncultivated tract”)
αγριό- (“wild”) + τόπος (“country, place”)
From Ancient Greek ἄγριος (“wild, fierce”)
αγριο- • (agrio-)
expressing: a wild, uncultivated form of its affix.
αγριο- + κατσίκι (“goat”) → αγριοκάτσικο (“wild goat”)
αγριο- (wild-) + χόρτο (“plant”) → αγριόχορτο (“weed”)
expressing: wildness, roughness, unruliness, crudity
αγριο- (wild-) + μιλώ (“to speak”) → αγριομιλώ (“to speak harshly”)
ἄγρῐος • (ágrios) m (feminine ἀγρίᾱ, neuter ἄγρῐον); first/second declension
Adjective
Living in the open fields
(of plants or animals) wild (non-domesticated),
(of people or animals) wild, savage, violent, fierce
(of situations) cruel, harsh.
From ἀγρός (“field, country”) + -ιος (adjective suffix).
ᾰ̓γρός • (agrós) m (genitive ᾰ̓γροῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
Noun
(“field, land, countryside”)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros.
*h₂éǵros m (non-ablauting)
No
("field, pasturage")
Possibly connected with verbal root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”)
whence also Latin agō (“to drive”)
Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and
Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”).
From Ancient Greek ἀγός • (agós) ἀγοῦ - genitive Noun (Epic, Lyric) leader. From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)ǵ-ó-s (literally “driver”) compare Sanskrit अज (ajá, “leader”). \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ὄγμος • (ógmos) m (genitive ὄγμου); second declension Noun furrow in ploughing swathe in reaping strip of cultivated land (astronomy) orbit of the moon and sun.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”), thus cognate with ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) and Sanskrit अज्म (ájma, “course, passage”).
λᾰμβᾰ́νω
TAKE - SEIZE - GRASP
λᾰμβᾰ́νω • (lambánō) Verb I take I take hold of, grasp, seize. I take by force, plunder. I exact (punishment) (of emotions) I seize. (of a god) I possess. (of darkness, etc.) I cover. I catch, overtake. I catch, discover, detect. I bind (under oath) I keep. I take (food or drugs) I perceive, understand. (logic) I assume, take as granted. I undertake. I receive, get. I receive hospitably. I receive in marriage. I conceive. I admit. (of emotions) (middle) I take hold of. I lay hands upon I find fault with, censure. I check myself.
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καταλαμβάνω • (katalambánō) Noun I seize, grasp, hold I grasp with the mind: comprehend I catch, overtake I find, detect I occur, befall (often of events, especially negative events: death, disaster, defeat, etc.)
From κατα- (kata-, “against”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”)
Descendent s
Greek: καταλαβαίνω (“to understand, to notice”)
καταλαμβάνω (“to seize”)
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λαμβάνω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: lambanó
Phonetic Spelling: (lam-ban'-o)
Definition: to take, receive
Usage: (a) I receive, get, (b) I take, lay hold of.
HELPS Word-studies
2983 lambánō (from the primitive root, lab-, meaning "actively lay hold of to take or receive," see NAS dictionary) – properly, to lay hold by aggressively (actively) accepting what is available (offered). 2983 /lambánō ("accept with initiative") emphasizes the volition (assertiveness) of the receiver.
παρακολουθώ
KEEP WATCH
παρακολουθώ • (parakolouthó) (simple past παρακολούθησα, passive παρακολουθούμαι)
watch, spectate
surveille, keep watch on
follow, trail
διαβάζω
διαβιβάζω
TO READ - TO LOOK AT AN INTERPRET
διαβιβάζω (“to transmit, to pass on”)
διαβάζω • (diavázo) (simple past διάβασα, passive διαβάζομαι)
Verb
(transitive, intransitive) read (look at and interpret letters or other information that is written)
Μην τον ενοχλείς όταν διαβάζει. ― Min ton enochleís ótan diavázei. ― Don’t bother him when he’s reading.
Στις διακοπές μου, διάβασα τρία μυθιστορήματα. ― Stis diakopés mou, diávasa tría mythistorímata. ― On my holidays, I read three novels.
(intransitive) be able to read, be literate
Ο παππούς δεν πήγε σχολείο και γι’ αυτό δεν διαβάζει. ― O pappoús den píge scholeío kai gi’ aftó den diavázei. ― Grandad didn’t go to school and that’s why he can’t read.
(intransitive) study (review materials already learned in order to make sure one does not forget them)
Έχω πονοκέφαλο και δε θα διαβάσω απόψε. ― Écho ponokéfalo kai de tha diaváso apópse. ― I’ve a headache and won’t be studying tonight.
(transituve) coach, instruct (help to study)
Η αδερφή μου με διαβάζει στη μουσική. ― I aderfí mou me diavázei sti mousikí. ― My sister is coaching me in music.
(transitive, figuratively) read (be able to recognise or interpret)
Διάβασα την αλήθεια στα μάτια της. ― Diávasa tin alítheia sta mátia tis. ― I read the truth in her eyes.
διαβάζω τις σκέψεις κάποιου ― diavázo tis sképseis kápoiou ― to read someone’s thoughts
(transitive, Christianity) read (speak aloud words, especially during service)
Ο παπάς διαβάζει τα Ευαγγέλια. ― O papás diavázei ta Evangélia. ― The priest reads the Gospels.
(transitive, Christianity) bless, exorcize (to confer blessing upon or rid of demons)
Ήρθε ο παπάς να διαβάσει τον άρρωστο. ― Írthe o papás na diavásei ton árrosto. ― The priest came to bless the sick person.
διάβασμα n (diávasma, “reading”)
διαβασμένος (diavasménos, “read, well-read”)
διαβαστερός (diavasterós, “bookworm”)
(study): μελετώ (meletó), μαθαίνω (mathaíno)
(coach): βοηθώ (voïthó), διδάσκω (didásko)
(read, ecclesiastical sense): απαγγέλλω (apangéllo)
(bless): ευλογώ (evlogó)
(exorcize): εξορκίζω (exorkízo)
Related terms
διαβιβάζω (“to transmit, to pass on”)
συνοχή
HELD TOGETHER UNDER STRESS
DISTRESS - ANXIETY - TO BE TROUBLED
Noun
Original Word: συνοχή, ῆς, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: sunoché
Phonetic Spelling: (soon-okh-ay')
Definition: a holding together, distress
Usage: distress, anguish, anxiety.
HELPS Word-studies
4928 synox (from 4912/synexō, see there) – properly, something held together in close ("hard") tension; (figuratively) tension from difficult circumstances that "won't move" which produces distress (anguish) – causing someone to feel "locked in" (tightly pressed; note the prefix, syn).
πνοή
A BREATH
A BLOW OF THE BREATH OF LIFE
Noun
Original Word: πνοή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: pnoé Phonetic Spelling: (pno-ay') Definition: a blowing, wind, breath Usage: (a) breath, (b) gust, breeze, wind.
γκολ
GOAL
γκολ • (gkol) n (indeclinable)
Noun
(soccer) goal
