Budhism

Question 1

Saṃsāra

Answer 1

Saṃsāra (/səmˈsɑːrə/) is a Sanskrit word that means “wandering” or “world”, with the connotation of cyclic, circuitous change.

It also refers to the concept of rebirth and “cyclicality of all life, matter, existence”, a fundamental assumption of all Indian religions. In short, it is the cycle of death and rebirth.

Saṃsāra is sometimes referred to with terms or phrases such as transmigration, karmic cycle, reincarnation, and “cycle of aimless drifting, wandering or mundane existence”.

Question 2

Karma

Kamma

Sanskrit: कर्म

Answer 2

ACTION - DEED - CAUSE & EFFECT

means action, work or deed;[1] it also refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect).

Karma symbols such as endless knot (above) are common cultural motifs in Asia. Endless knots symbolize interlinking of cause and effect, a Karmic cycle that continues eternally. The endless knot is visible in the center of the prayer wheel.

Question 3

Prayer Wheel

Tibetan: འཁོར་ལོ།

Answer 3

At the core of the cylinder is a “Life Tree”

Prayer wheel or Mani wheel (Tibetan: མ་ནི་ཆོས་འཁོར་, Wylie: mani-chos-‘khor). The Tibetan term is a contraction: “Mani” itself is a contraction of Sanskrit cintamani; “chos” is Tibetan for Dharma; and “khor” or “khorlo” means chakrano.

Question 4

Chakra

Answer 4

Chakras (Sanskrit: चक्र, IAST: cakra, Pali: cakka, lit. wheel, circle) are the various focal points in the subtle body.

They are believed to be embedded within the actual physical body, whilst also originating within the context of mental and spiritual fields, or complexes of electromagnetic variety, the precise degree and variety of which directly arise from a synthetic average of all positive and negative so-called “fields”, this eventuating the complex Nadi.[6][3] Within kundalini yoga breath exercises, visualizations, mudras, bandhas, kriyas, and mantras are focused on transmuting subtle energy through “chakras”.

etymologically originates directly from the Sanskrit root चक्र. The “tsschakra”

At heart, the chakra denotes a “wheel”, a “circle”, and a “cycle”.

Chakra has Indo-European roots, is “related to Greek Kuklos (from which comes English cycle), Latin circus, Anglo-Saxon hveohl and English wheel.”[9] However, the Vedic period texts use the same word as a simile in other contexts, such as the “wheel of time” or “wheel of dharma”

In Buddhism generally and Theravada specifically, the Pali noun cakka connotes “wheel”.[12] Within the central “Tripitaka”, the Buddha variously references the “dhammacakka”, or “wheel of dharma”, connoting that his dharma, universal in its advocacy, should bear the marks which bear the very characteristic of any temporal dispensation. While further, it should be added that the Buddha himself insinuated freedom from cycles in and of themselves - sui generis - be they karmic, reincarnative, liberative, cognitive or emotional.
Sui generis (/ˌsuːaɪ ˈdʒɛnərɪs/;[1] Latin: [ˈsʊ.iː ˈɡɛnɛrɪs]) is a Latin phrase that means “of its (his, her, their) own kind; in a class by itself; unique.”
Biology, for species that do not fit into a genus that includes other species[3]
Creative arts, for artistic works that go beyond conventional genre boundaries
Law, when a special and unique interpretation of a case or authority is necessary
Intellectual property rights, where there is no defining characteristic[clarification needed]
Philosophy, to indicate an idea, an entity, or a reality that cannot be reduced to a lower concept or included in a higher concept

Question 5

Nadi (yoga)

Answer 5

Nāḍī (/ˈnɑːdi/; Sanskrit: नाडी, lit. ‘tube, pipe’[1]; Tamil: நாடி, lit. ‘nerve, blood vessel, pulse’ (About this soundlisten)) is a term for the channels through which, in traditional Indian medicine and spiritual science, the energies of the physical body, the subtle body and the causal body are said to flow. Within this philosophical framework, the nadis are said to connect at special points of intensity called nadichakras.[

Question 6

Moksha

Answer 6

Moksha (/ˈmoʊkʃə/; Sanskrit: मोक्ष, mokṣa), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti,[1] is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism which refers to various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release.[2] In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from saṃsāra, the cycle of death and rebirth.[3] In its epistemological and psychological senses, moksha refers to freedom from ignorance: self-realization, self-actualization and self-knowledge

Question 7

Dharma

Answer 7

In Hinduism, dharma signifies behaviours that are considered to be in accord with Ṛta, the order that makes life and universe possible,[10][note 1] and includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and “right way of living”.[11] In Buddhism, dharma means “cosmic law and order”,[10] and is also applied to the teachings of the Buddha.

Question 8

Ṛta

Answer 8

TRUTH - ORDER - RULE - MEASURE

In the Vedic religion, Ṛta (/ˈrɪtə/; Sanskrit ऋत ṛta “order, rule; truth”) is the principle of natural order which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it.[1] In the hymns of the Vedas, Ṛta is described as that which is ultimately responsible for the proper functioning of the natural, moral and sacrificial orders. Conceptually, it is closely allied to the injunctions and ordinances thought to uphold it, collectively referred to as Dharma, and the action of the individual in relation to those ordinances, referred to as Karma – two terms which eventually eclipsed Ṛta in importance as signifying natural, religious and moral order in later Hinduism.

Question 9

Proto-Indo-Iranian/ Hr̥tás

Answer 9

TRUTH

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós,
from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjective suffix).

*Hr̥tás m
truth.
_____________________________

Antonym

Proto-Indo-Iranian/ dʰráwgʰas
*dʰráwgʰas n
lie, deception
treachery
offence

Old Persian
𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (drauga) m
Lie

Sanskrit
द्रोह • (droh) m
malice, malevolence (intent to harm)

द्रोह • (dróha) m (Vedic dráuha)
injury, mischief, harm, perfidy, treachery, wrong, offense.

Proto-Indo-European/ dʰrówgʰos
Deceive 
From *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) +‎ *-os.
Noun
*dʰrówgʰos m
a deception, falsehood, lie.

Proto-Germanic/ draugaz
Derived from *dreuganą (“to mislead, deceive”).
*draugaz m
apparition, ghost, delusion.

Old Norse
draugr (plural draugrs)

(Norse mythology) An undead creature from Norse mythology, an animated corpse that inhabits its grave, often guarding buried treasure.

From Proto-Germanic *draugaz (“delusion, mirage, illusion”). Akin to Old Saxon gidrog (“delusion”) and Old High German bitrog (“delusion”), gitrog (“ghost”). See also Finnish raukka.

draugr m (genitive draugs, plural draugar)
(Norse mythology) ghost, spirit, undead.

Old Saxon 
From gi- +‎ drog.
Noun
gidrog n
delusion
gi- Used for forming the past participle.

Dutch drog 
Drug
drog (comparative gweth, superlative gwetha)
bad
evil, wicked
Related to drage (“draw, go”).
drog (plural drogok)
drug (mind-altering substance)

From Old Norse dreki, from Middle Low German drake, from Latin dracō, from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”)
Verb Edit
drage (imperative drag, present tense drager, past tense drog, past participle draget, dragen, dragne)
Temptation - draw away.
attract, allure
go, march, travel.

Verb
Dutch drage
(archaic) singular present subjunctive of dragen.

From Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn) and Old Norse dreki.