EMOTIONS (Greek) Flashcards

Question

μᾰκροθῡμῐ́ᾱ

Answer 1

FORBEARANCE - LONG-SUFFERING μᾰκροθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (makrothūmíā) f (genitive μᾰκροθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension long-suffering, patience From μᾰκρόθῡμος (“long-suffering, patient”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ from μᾰκρός (“long”) +‎ θῡμός (“soul; temper, passion”)

Answer 2

BAD TEMPER - MALEVOLENCE κᾰκοθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (kakothūmíā) f (genitive κᾰκοθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension malevolence From κᾰκόθῡμος (kakóthūmos, “ill-disposed”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from κᾰκός (kakós, “bad”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”). __________________________________ κᾰκός • (kakós) m (feminine κᾰκή, neuter κᾰκόν); first/second declension Adjective As a measure of quality: bad, worthless, useless As a measure of appearance: ugly, hideous Of circumstances: injurious, wretched, unhappy As a measure of character: low, mean, vile, evil. The origin is unknown, possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European root *kakka- (“to defecate”). Compare κακκάω (kakkáō). Also compare Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”) and Albanian keq (“bad”). κᾰκκᾰ́ω • (kakkáō) Verb to defecate, shit. From a Proto-Indo-European root *kakka-. *kakka- to defecate. Latin: cacō (present infinitive cacāre, perfect active cacāvī, supine cacātum); first conjugation Verb (vulgar) I defecate, shit, pass excrement. κᾰ́κη • (kákē) f (genitive κᾰ́κης); first declension Noun wickedness, vice cowardice. From κᾰκός (kakós, “bad”) +‎ -η (action noun). ``` κᾰκῐ́ᾱ • (kakíā) f (genitive κᾰκῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun lack of quality evil, wickedness, vice, depravity cowardice dishonour, shame misfortune From κᾰκός (kakós, “bad, evil”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun). ``` κᾰ́κῐστος • (kákistos) m (feminine κᾰκῐ́στη, neuter κᾰ́κῐστον); first/second declension Adjective superlative degree of κακός (kakós) From κακός (kakós) +‎ -ιστος (forms superlative adjectives). κακοδαίμων • (kakodaímōn) m or f (neuter κακοδαῖμον); third declension Adjective having or being possessed by an evil genius/spirit. ill-starred, wretched (substantive) an evil genius. Compound of κᾰκός (kakós, “bad”) +‎ δαίμων (daímōn, “god, destiny”). ______________________________ δαίμων guardian spirit (Latin genius), and so one's fate, destiny, fortune. (ecclesiastical) demon, evil spirit. While δαίμων was sometimes used interchangeably with θεός (theós), when used together in a context, a δαίμων is usually a lower god than a θεός (theós). δαιμόνῐος • (daimónios) m (feminine δαιμονῐ́ᾱ, neuter δαιμόνῐον); first/second declension Adjective From δαίμων (daímōn, “god, divine power”) +‎ -ῐος (-ios, adjective suffix). (Epic) strange, extraordinary, inscrutable; that is, resembling a δαίμων "δαιμονίη αἰεὶ μὲν ὀΐεαι οὐδέ σε λήθω - Hom. Il. 1.561" proceeding from a deity, heaven-sent, divine, miraculous, marvelous superhuman (said of strength, wisdom, etc.) δαιμόνῐον • (daimónion) n (genitive δαιμονῐ́ου); second declension Noun the divine Power, the Deity, the Divinity. an inferior divine being, demon. a demon, evil spirit. Neuter gender of δαιμόνῐος (daimónios, “extraordinary, divine”). δεισιδαίμων • (deisidaímōn) Adjective superstitious (Koine) god-fearing: pious or superstitious. From δείδω (fear, dread) + δαίμων (lower god). δείδω • (deídō) (transitive) to fear, to dread. From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). From δαίομαι (daíomai, “to divide”) +‎ -μων (-mōn), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂-i- (“to divide, cut”). For similar semantic development compare Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”), Sanskrit भग (bhága, “dispenser, patron”) (usually applied to gods) beside Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀-‎ (baga-, “part”) and Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to divide, apportion”).

Answer 3

FEAR - DREAD - COWARDICE From δείδω (fear, dread) + δαίμων (lower god). δείδω • (deídō) (transitive) to fear, to dread. From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). δειλός • (deilós) m (feminine δειλή, neuter δειλόν); first/second declension cowardly Antonym: ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos) δειλῐ́ᾱ • (deilíā) f (genitive δειλῐ́ᾱς); first declension (uncountable) cowardice Antonyms: ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ (andreíā), θρασύτης (thrasútēs) (uncountable) timidity. From δειλός (deilós, “craven”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun–forming suffix). δειλότης • (deilótēs) f (genitive δειλότητος); third declension Adjective (hapax legomenon) cowardice From δειλός (deilós) +‎ -της (agent noun). δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun fear, alarm reason for fear. From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós) ``` LATIN dīrus (feminine dīra, neuter dīrum, comparative dīrior, superlative dīrissimus); first/second-declension adjective Adjective fearful Senex dirissimus. ― A fearful old man. ominous (of character) dreadful, detestable (New Latin) Used as a specific epithet From Proto-Italic *deiros, from Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós), Old Armenian երկն (erkn). ``` ANTONYM ᾰ̓νδρείᾱ • (andreíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓νδρείᾱς); first declension (Attic, Koine) (uncountable) courage, bravery (of men or women) (countable) A brave deed. From ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos, “manly”) +‎ -η (-ē, abstract noun–forming suffix). SANSKRIT Sanskrit: द्वेष्टि (dvéṣṭi, “to hate”) _______________________________________ δείδω • (deídō) Verb (transitive) to fear, to dread. From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). *dwey- Verb to fear. ___________________________________ ``` δεινός • (deinós) m (feminine δεινή, neuter δεινόν); first/second declension Adjective terrible, horrible, fearful, astounding (neuter substantive) danger marvelous, mighty, powerful wondrous, strange able, skillful, clever shamefully timid, cowardly. ``` ________________________________ δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun fear, alarm reason for fear. δέος • (déos) n (uncountable) Noun awe (a feeling of fear and reverence)

Answer 4

MALICIOUS - ILL INTENTIONED κᾰκοήθης • (kakoḗthēs) m or f (neuter κακόηθες); third declension (of humans and animals) ill-disposed, malicious (of humans) thinking evil; given to the worst disposition for a situation (of things) infamous, abominable (medicine, of sores, fevers, diseases) malignant (neuter, substantive, κᾰκόηθες) a bad habit. From κακός (kakós, “bad”) +‎ ἦθος (êthos, “character”) +‎ -ης (-ēs, adjective suffix).

Answer 5

MISCHIEVOUS κᾰκομήχᾰνος • (kakomḗkhanos) m or f (neuter κᾰκομήχᾰνον); second declension mischievous, baneful From κακός (kakós, “bad”) +‎ μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “contrivance”) +‎ -ος (-os). μηχᾰνή • (mēkhanḗ) f (genitive μηχᾰνῆς); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine) contrivance, machine, device, gear. way, means. Latin: māchina. Doric μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (machine) Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”) Μάγος • (Mágos) m (genitive Μάγου); second declension Noun (common, nonspecific) magician, and derogatorily sorcerer, trickster, conjurer, charlatan. (common, specific) a Zoroastrian priest. (hapax) name of one of the tribes of the Medes. Mede (plural Medes) Noun Any of a Western Iranian people who inhabited the ancient region of Media. (historical) a region in northwestern Iran, originally inhabited by the Medes (historical) territories corresponding to the empire ruled by dynasts from Media. Μῆδος • (Mêdos) m (genitive Μήδου); second declension an inhabitant of Media; a Mede or Median. Μηδῐ́ᾱ • (Mēdíā) f (genitive Μηδῐ́ᾱς); first declension "Media" From Μῆδος (Mêdos, “Mede”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂gʰ- (“to be able to, to help; power, sorcerer”). μῆχος • (mêkhos) n (genitive μήχους or μήχεος); third declension means, expedient, remedy. Proto-Indo-European / *megʰ- to be able. ``` OLD ENGLISH magan may, to be able avail, prevail mæġen n (nominative plural mæġnu) Mighty strength, power, might Ðæt mycle mæġen minra handa. The mighty power of my hands. ``` force, army Sibbe no wolde wið manna hwone mæġenes Deniga. He wanted no peace with any man of the Danish forces. (Beowulf, ll. 154-5)

Answer 6

DOER OF BAD THINGS - CRIMINAL - THUG κακοποιός • (kakopoiós) m (feminine κακοποιός, neuter κακοποιό) criminal ``` κακοποιώ • (kakopoió) (simple past κακοποίησα, passive κακοποιούμαι) assault knock about, beat up, rough up rape manhandle. ``` κακοποίηση f (kakopoíisi, “ill-treatment”) κακοποιός m (kakopoiós, “evil-doer, thug”) κακοποιός (kakopoiós, “mischievous”, adjective) εγκληματικός • (egklimatikós) m (feminine εγκληματική, neuter εγκληματικό) criminal εγκληματολογικός (egklimatologikós, “criminological, forensic”) τραμπούκος • (trampoúkos) m (plural τραμπούκοι) (derogatory) thug, bully. κακόφωνος • (kakófonos) m (feminine κακόφωνη, neuter κακόφωνο) cacophonous

Answer 7

IN A BAD STATE OF BEING - BAD HABIT κᾰχέκτης • (kakhéktēs) m (genitive κᾰχέκτου) Adjective in a bad habit of body (figuratively, in a political sense) disaffected. κᾰκός (bad) +‎ ἕξῐς (state) +‎ -της (agent noun) From ἔχω (“to have, to remain, to be”). ἕξῐς • (héxis) f (genitive ἕξεως); third declension an act of having, possession. a being in a certain state, a permanent condition, produced by practice. a state or habit of mind. skill as the result of practice, experience. Latin: cachecta m (genitive cachectae); first declension Adjective a consumptive (sickly person) ANTONYM (state of mind): δύναμις (dúnamis) The origin is unknown, possibly connected with Proto-Indo-European root *kakka- (“to defecate”). Compare κακκάω (kakkáō). Also compare Phrygian κακον (kakon, “harm”) and Albanian keq (“bad”).

Answer 8

MOOD - DISPOSITION διάθεση disposal, mood, disposition, attitude, spirit, cheer

Answer 9

APPLAUSE - CHEERS - PRAISE χαιροκροτώ Applaud

Answer 10

CHEER UP - TO GLADDEN - TO BE JOYFUL χαροποιώ • (charopoió) (simple past χαροποίησα) cheer up. gladden exhilarate. To brighten another's mood.

Answer 11

ENCOURAGE - FOSTER

Answer 12

DISTRESS From δῠ́σφορος (dúsphoros, “grievous”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”) + φέρω (phérō, “I bear, carry”). δῠσφορῐ́ᾱ • (dusphoríā) f (genitive δῠσφορῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun extreme or unbearable pain discomfort, distress

Answer 13

GRIEF - AFFLICTION - SORROW - TRIBULATION θλίψη • (thlípsi) f (plural θλίψεις) sorrow, sadness, grief, affliction. Η θλίψη της ήταν μεγάλη για την απώλεια του συζύγου της. ― Her sorrow at the loss of her husband was great. From Ancient Greek θλῖψις (thlîpsis, “pressure”). κατάθλιψη f (katáthlipsi, “depression”) θλίβω (thlívo, “to grieve, to afflict”) θλιβερός (thliverós, “dreary, bleak”) θλιμμένος (thlimménos, “sad, sorrowful”) ___________________________________ θλῖψῐς • (thlîpsis) f (genitive θλῑ́ψεως); third declension Non pressure quotations. (figuratively) oppression, affliction quotations. From θλίβω (thlíbō, “to press”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). ``` θλίβω Original Word: θλίβω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: thlibó Phonetic Spelling: (thlee'-bo) Definition: to press, afflict Usage: (a) I make narrow (strictly: by pressure); I press upon, (b) I persecute, press hard. properly, rub together, constrict (compress), i.e. pressed together; (figuratively) oppressively afflict (distress), i.e. like when circumstances "rub us the wrong way" that make us feel confined (hemmed in); restricted to a "narrow" place. ``` ``` θλῖψις Original Word: θλῖψις, εως, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: thlipsis Phonetic Spelling: (thlip'-sis) Definition: tribulation Usage: persecution, affliction, distress, tribulation. 2347 thlípsis – properly, pressure (what constricts or rubs together), used of a narrow place that "hems someone in"; tribulation, especially internal pressure that causes someone to feel confined (restricted, "without options"). ``` 2347 /thlípsis ("compression, tribulation") carries the challenge of coping with the internal pressure of a tribulation, especially when feeling there is "no way of escape" ("hemmed in"). [By contrast, 4730 (stenoxōría) focuses on the external pressure exerted by circumstances.] __________________________________ Antonyms: χαρά f (chará, “joy”)

Answer 14

MISFORTUNE - BAD-LUCK From δῠσ- (“bad”) +‎ τῠ́χη (“fortune, fate”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ ("feminine abstract substantive”). τῠ́χη • (túkhē) f (genitive τῠ́χης); first declension Noun the act of a god the act of a human being (regarded as an agent or cause beyond human control) fortune, providence, fate chance (regarded as a result) good fortune, success ill fortune, misfortune (in a neutral sense, in plural) fortunes. Equivalent to τυγχάνω (tunkhánō, “to happen”) +‎ -η (-ē, action noun suffix) τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō) Verb Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be) (of events) to happen, occur [+dative = to someone] (of a person) to happen [+participle = to do something] quotations to succeed [+participle or infinitive = at doing]; to go successfully to hit a target [+genitive] to meet someone [+genitive] to get or attain something [+genitive] From the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewgʰ-, from which also τεύχω (teúkhō, “produce”). τεύχω • (teúkhō) Verb to make, do, fashion, perform to cause, prepare. *dʰéwgʰti (imperfective) Verb to be productive. τύχη • (týchi) f (plural τύχες) Noun fate, chance, luck. τυχερός (tycherós, “lucky”) τυχερός • (tycherós) m (feminine τυχερή, neuter τυχερό) Adjective fortunate, lucky

Answer 15

Meaning: `mind, courage, anger, strength, impulse' δυσ-μενής `evilminded, hostile'

Answer 16

μέλω Grammatical information: v. Meaning: `be anxious, care for, go to the heart' ἐπι-μέλομαι and - έομαι - care for' μετα-μέλομαι, μετα-μέλει μοι `repent' μελέτη `care, educator, pactice etc. μέλημα n. `anxiety, object of care, darling' μελέτωρ, - ορος m. `who cares for' μελετάω `care for, study, practise oratory'

Answer 17

AMAZED - MARVEL - WONDER ἐθαύμαζον were amazed V-IIA-3P ``` Original Word: θαυμάζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: thaumazó Phonetic Spelling: (thou-mad'-zo) Definition: to marvel, wonder Usage: (a) intrans: I wonder, marvel, (b) trans: I wonder at, admire. ``` 2296 thaumázō (from 2295 /thaúma, "a wonder, marvel") – properly, wonder at, be amazed (marvel), i.e. astonished out of one's senses; awestruck, "wondering very greatly" (Souter); to cause "wonder; . . . to regard with amazement, and with a suggestion of beginning to speculate on the matter" (WS, 225). ``` Strong's Concordance thauma: a wonder Original Word: θαῦμα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: thauma Phonetic Spelling: (thos'-mah) Definition: a wonder Usage: (a) concr: a marvel, wonder, (b) abstr: wonder, amazement. ``` Cognate: 2295 thaúma – a wonder, evoking "emotional" astonishment (gaping) at the marvel, i.e. performed to powerfully strike the viewer personally (uniquely, individually). See 2296 (thaumázō). ``` Related to... θεάομαι Original Word: θεάομαι Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theaomai Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah'-om-ahee) Definition: to behold, look upon Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit. HELPS Word-studies 2300 theáomai (from tháomai, "to gaze at a spectacle") – properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator; to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance); to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer. ``` [2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron ("spectacle in a theatre"), the root of the English term, "theatre."] θεάομαι - Admiration. Apparently from a form of theaomai; wonder (properly concrete; but by implication, abstract) -- admiration. from θεά, ΘΑΟΜΑΙ, with which θαῦμα is connected, which see); to behold, look upon, view attentively, contemplate. to learn by looking

Answer 18

BITTER - VILE - ANGER χόλος • (khólos) m (genitive χόλου); second declension Noun gall, bile bitterness, wrath, anger. ``` Variant of χολή χολή • (kholḗ) f (genitive χολῆς); first declension Noun gall, bile (yellow bile, hence associated with the color) (in the plural) gall bladder bitterness, wrath, anger disgust, aversion. ``` From Proto-Hellenic *kʰolā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Latin helvus (“honey-yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, tawny”), Persian زر‎ (zar, “gold”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. (Yellow) *ǵʰelh₃- to flourish green, yellow. ``` χολόω • (kholóō) Verb to anger, provoke. χόλος (khólos) +‎ -όω To become angry. ``` __________________________ ``` χολᾶτε V-PIA-2P "all of you are angry" "you [all] are angry" John 7:23 GRK: Μωυσέως ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε ὅτι ὅλον NAS: will not be broken, are you angry with Me because KJV: be broken; are ye angry at me, INT: of Moses with me you are angry because entirely ``` ``` Original Word: χολάω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: cholaó Phonetic Spelling: (khol-ah'-o) Definition: Angry, to be melancholy, to be mad. Usage: I am angry with. ```

Answer 19

COWARD δειλός • (deilós) m (feminine δειλή, neuter δειλόν); first/second declension Agent Noun ("cowardly") Antonym: ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos) From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós), Latin dīrus, Old Armenian երկն (erkn). ``` δεινός • (deinós) m (feminine δεινή, neuter δεινόν); first/second declension Adjective terrible, horrible, fearful, astounding (neuter substantive) danger marvelous, mighty, powerful wondrous, strange able, skillful, clever shamefully timid, cowardly. ``` δείδω • (deídō) Verb (transitive) to fear, to dread. the root of δείδω (fear), +‎ -νος (-adjective). From Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”). coward (n.) "one who lacks courage to meet danger or shrinks from the chance of being hurt," mid-13c., from Anglo-French couard, couart, Old French coart "coward" (no longer the usual word in French, which has now in this sense poltron, from Italian, and lâche), from coe "tail," from Latin coda, popular dialect variant of cauda "tail" (see coda) + -ard, an agent noun suffix denoting one that carries on some action or possesses some quality, with derogatory connotation (see -ard). The word probably reflects an animal metaphoric sense still found in expressions like turning tail and tail between legs. Coart was the name of the hare in Old French versions of "Reynard the Fox." Italian codardo, Spanish cobarde (Old Spanish couarde) are from French. The spelling in English was influenced by cow (v. and n.). [S]o strong is the false belief that every bully must be a coward that acts requiring great courage are constantly described as cowardly or dastardly if they are so carried out as not to give the victim a sporting chance; the throwing of a bomb at a king's carriage is much less dastardly than shooting a partridge, because the thrower takes a very real risk .... [Fowler] As a surname (attested from mid-13c.) it represents Old English cuhyrde "cow-herd." As an adjective, "lacking courage, timorous," from late 13c. Farmer has coward's castle "a pulpit," "Because a clergyman may deliver himself therefrom without fear of contradiction or argument." coda (n.) "passage added to a musical composition for the purpose of bringing it to a conclusion," 1753, from Latin cauda "tail of an animal," which is of uncertain origin. De Vaan traces it to Proto-Italic *kaud-a- "part; tail," from PIE *kehu-d- "cleaved, separate," from root *khu-. He writes: "Since words for 'piece, part' are often derived from 'to cut, cleave', the tail may have been referred to as the loose 'part' of the animal."

Answer 20

HAPPY - JOYFUL χαρούμενος • (charoúmenos) m (feminine χαρούμενη, neuter χαρούμενο) happy, cheerful, joyful, merry χαίρομαι • (chaíromai) deponent (past χάρηκα) Also see the active χαίρω (chaíro) (intransitive) be happy, be glad χαίρω • (chaíro) (past —) (largely found in the expressions shown) be happy, be glad νιώθω χαρούμενος όταν είμαι μαζί σου. I feel happy when I am with you. ———————————- Synonyms[edit] χαίρομαι (chaíromai) (a deponent verb, morphologically passive form of χαίρω) Derived terms[edit] Χαίρε Μαρία (Chaíre María, “Hail Mary”) χαίρετε (chaírete, “hello, greetings”) χαίρω πολύ (chaíro polý, “pleased to meet you”) Related terms[edit] And their derived terms: -χαρής (-charís) -χαρος (-charos) επιχαίρω (epichaíro, “gloat, rejoice over failure”) συγχαίρω (synchaíro, “congratulate”) χαρά f (chará, “joy”), χαρούμενος (charoúmenos, “happy”) χαιρετώ (chairetó, “to say hello”) χαιρετίζω (chairetízo, “greet”) χαιρέκακος (chairékakos, “spiteful”) χαίρομαι (chaíromai) καταχαίρομαι (katachaíromai, “exult, rejoice extremely”) χάρη f (chári, “grace; favour”) χάρις f (cháris, “grace”), ευχαριστώ (efcharistó, “thank”) Χαίρε Μαρία ― Chaíre María ― Hail Mary χαίρετε ― chaírete ― hi, hello, greetings χαίρω πολύ ― chaíro polý ― pleased to meet you χαίρω καλής φήμης ― chaíro kalís fímis ― have a good reputation χαίρω μεγάλης εκτιμήσεως ― chaíro megális ektimíseos ― to hold in high esteem χαίρω άκρας υγείας ― chaíro ákras ygeías ― to enjoy good health χάρηκα πολύ ― chárika polý ― pleased to have met you ——————————————— χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ • (khárisma) n (genitive χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος); third declension A favourable disposition towards: grace, favor A voluntary favourable act: favour, gift From χαρίζομαι (kharízomai, “show favor”) (from χάρις (kháris, “grace”) from χαίρω (khaírō, “I am happy”)) + -μα (-ma). ———————————————— χᾰ́ρῐς • (kháris) f (genitive χᾰ́ρῐτος); third declension beauty, elegance, charm, grace favourable disposition towards someone: grace, favor, goodwill (Judaism, Christianity) the grace or favor of God a voluntary act of goodwill gratitude, thanks Synonym: μοῖτος (moîtos) influence (opposite force) gratification, delight ———————————————— εὔχᾰρῐς • (eúkharis) m or f (neuter εὔχᾰρῐ); third declension attractive, enticing, charming From εὖ (eû, “well”) +‎ χάρις (kháris, “grace, charm”). ———————————————— εὐχᾰ́ρῐστος • (eukháristos) m or f (neuter εὐχᾰ́ρῐστον); second declension pleasant, agreeable well-favoured, popular grateful, thankful From εὐ- (“good”) +‎ χᾰ́ρῐς (“grace”) +‎ -τος (-adjectives). -τος • (-tos) m or f (neuter -τον); second declension Creates perfective passive verbal adjectives (usually accented recessively) Forms adjectives from nouns (accented recessively) From Proto-Indo-European *-tós. *(Ø)-tós Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems. ——————————————————— Χᾰ́ρης • (Khárēs) m (genitive Χᾰ́ρητος); third declension A male given name, equivalent to English Chares (“Charles”) Chares Etymology From χάρις (kháris, “beauty, elegance, charm, grace”). ——————————————————— χᾰρῐ́ζομαι • (kharízomai) Verb to grant as a favor, that is, gratuitously, in kindness, pardon or rescue: - deliver, (frankly) forgive, (freely) give, grant. From χάρις (kháris) +‎ -ίζομαι (passive - verbs from nouns). ——————————————————— χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ • (khárisma) n (genitive χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος); third declension A favourable disposition towards: grace, favor A voluntary favourable act: favour, gift From χαρίζομαι (“show favor”) (from χάρις (“grace”) from χαίρω (“I am happy”) + -μα (instance, action, result noun). χάρισμα • (chárisma) n (plural χαρίσματα) endowment, gift (of a personal quality) Είχε το χάρισμα της μαντικής. ― She has the gift of divination. Synchronically analysable as χαρίζω (“to grant”) +‎ -μα (result noun). ————————————————- χᾰρίζω • (kharízō) to show a favor, oblige, gratify, indulge (with a dative) (in erotic sense) to grant favors (with a dative) (transitively) to give graciously, forgive (passive, in the perfect) to be dear, acceptable From χάρις (“grace”) +‎ -ίζω (denominative - noun from verb suffix).

Answer 21

FEAR - AFRAID - PHOBIA ``` φόβος • (phóbos) m (genitive φόβου); second declension Noun - Adjective fear, terror, alarm, fright, panic the act of fleeing: flight, retreat awe, reverence that which causes fear: terror ``` φόβος • (fóvos) m (plural φόβοι) Noun fear δεν έχει φόβο ― den échei fóvo ― don't be afraid (literally: have not fear) apprehension, awe φόβος των θεών ― fóvos ton theón ― awe of the gods From φέβομαι (phébomai) +‎ -ος (-os). ``` φοβία f (fovía, “phobia”) φοβίζω (fovízo, “to frighten”) φοβάμαι (fovámai, “to fear, to be frightened”) φοβισμένος (fovisménos, “frightened”) φοβερός (foverós, “frightful”) φοβερά (foverá, “frightfully”) φοβερό (foveró, “terrific!, awesome!”) φοβέρα f (fovéra, “threat”) φοβητσιάρης (fovitsiáris, “cowardly”) ```

Answer 22

AWE - ALARM - TERROR Dinosaur δέος • (déos) n (genitive δέους); third declension Noun fear, alarm reason for fear δέος • (déos) n (uncountable) Noun awe (a feeling of fear and reverence) ``` δεινός • (deinós) m (feminine δεινή, neuter δεινόν); first/second declension Noun terrible, horrible, fearful, astounding (neuter substantive) danger marvelous, mighty, powerful wondrous, strange able, skillful, clever shamefully timid, cowardly ``` δεινός • (deinós) m Adjective terrible, horrible, fearful, astounding skillful From Proto-Indo-European *dweynós from *dwey- (“fear”); equivalent to δει- (dei-) the root of δείδω (deídō), +‎ -νος (-nos). -νος • (-nos) m (feminine -νη, neuter -νον); first/second declension Added to roots or words to forms adjectives or nouns; often accented on ultima ——————————————————— Impersonal forms of δέω (déō, “to lack”). ἔδει • (édei) imperfect of δεῖ (deî, “one should”) ἐδέησε • (edéēse) third-person singular aorist active of δέω (déō) δεῖ • (deî) (with personal accusative and infinitive) it behoves one to, it is necessary to, one must (with impersonal accusative and infinitive) (when used in absolute an infinitive may be supplied) (with impersonal genitive) there is need of, there is wanting (with a personal dative) (with personal accusative) (nominative, rare) (neuter participle, absolute use) it being needful, fitting ``` δέω • (déō) Verb I bind, tie, fasten, fetter (figurative) (middle) I tie onto myself (with genitive) I hinder from (medicine) I brace ``` From Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- Proto-Indo-European Root *deh₁- to bind δέον • (déon) Noun That which is binding, needful, right, proper. Neuter present participle of δεῖ (deî, “it is necessary, it behoves”). δέον • (déon) n (plural δέοντα) Noun that which is right, proper, necessary Ανησυχείς υπέρ το δέον. ― Anisycheís ypér to déon. ― You worry too much, more than necessary. (in the plural) a set of actions or measures that must be taken for a given situation Έπραξε τα δέοντα. ― Épraxe ta déonta. ― He did what had to be done. (in the plural) compliments, respects Τα δέοντα στον πατέρα σας! ― Ta déonta ston patéra sas! ― My compliments to your father! Synonyms: χαιρετίσματα (chairetísmata), σέβη (sévi) πέραν του δέοντος (péran tou déontos, “more than is necessary”), πέραν τοῦ δέοντος πλέον του δέοντος (pléon tou déontos, “more than is necessary”), πλέον τοῦ δέοντος τα δέοντα n pl (ta déonta, “necessary things; compliments”) τι δέον γενέσθαι (ti déon genésthai, “what should be done?”), τί δέον γενέσθαι; το δέον γενέσθαι (to déon genésthai, “that which must be done”), τὸ δέον γενέσθαι υπέρ το δέον (ypér to déon, “more than is necessary”), ὑπέρ τὸ δέον ————————————————- Latin: dīrus (feminine dīra, neuter dīrum, comparative dīrior, superlative dīrissimus); first/second-declension adjective fearful Senex dirissimus. ― A fearful old man. ominous (of character) dreadful, detestable

Answer 23

HAPPINESS ευτυχισμένος • (eftychisménos) m (feminine ευτυχισμένη, neuter ευτυχισμένο) Adjective happy (characterised by, feeling or showing happiness) Related terms ευτυχία f (eftychía, “happiness”) ευτυχία • (eftychía) f (uncountable) Noun happiness, contentment εὐτῠχῐ́ᾱ • (eutukhíā) f (genitive εὐτῠχῐ́ᾱς); first declension Noun good luck εὐ- (“good”) +‎ τῠ́χη (“luck”) +‎ -ίᾱ (abstract noun suffix) Compare εὐτυχής (eutukhḗs, “lucky”). τύχη • (týchi) f (plural τύχες) Noun fate, chance, luck τυχερός • (tycherós) m (feminine τυχερή, neuter τυχερό) Adjective fortunate, lucky τῠ́χη • (túkhē) f (genitive τῠ́χης); first declension Noun the act of a god the act of a human being (regarded as an agent or cause beyond human control) fortune, providence, fate chance (regarded as a result) good fortune, success ill fortune, misfortune (in a neutral sense, in plural) fortunes. τυχεράκιας m (tycherákias, “lucky fellow”) From τυγχάνω (“to happen”) +‎ -η (action noun suffix) τυγχάνω • (tunkhánō) Verb Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be) (of events) to happen, occur [+dative = to someone] (of a person) to happen [+participle = to do something] to succeed [+participle or infinitive = at doing]; to go successfully to hit a target [+genitive] to meet someone [+genitive] to get or attain something [+genitive] εὐτῠχής • (eutukhḗs) m or f (neuter εὐτῠχές); third declension (Attic, Ionic) Adjective having good fortune or a good outcome: fortunate, successful, lucky From εὐ- (“good”) +‎ τῠ́χη (“luck”) +‎ -ής (adjectival suffix). Antonyms (succeed at doing): ἁμαρτάνω (hamartánō) πᾰρᾰτυγχάνω • (paratunkhánō) to happen to be nearby or present From the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewgʰ-, from which also τεύχω (“produce”). τεύχω • (teúkhō) Verb to make, do, fashion, perform to cause, prepare from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰti, root present of *dʰewgʰ-. *dʰéwgʰti (imperfective) Verb to be productive *dʰewgʰ- (imperfective) to produce, to produce something useful to be strong, have force τῐτύσκομαι • (titúskomai) (Epic) Verb to make ready, prepare to aim at, shoot at ———————————— Antonyms δυστυχία f (dystychía, “unhappiness”) Coordinate terms απόλαυση f (apólafsi, “enjoyment, delight, pleasure”) ευχαρίστηση f (efcharístisi, “pleasure, contentment”) ηδονή f (idoní, “pleasure, delight, lust”) ικανοποίηση f (ikanopoíisi, “contentment, satisfaction”) τέρψη f (térpsi, “delight, enjoyment, pleasure”) χαρά f (chará, “joy, exhilaration, delight”) Related terms[edit] ευτυχισμένος m (eftychisménos, “happy”) ευτυχώς (eftychós, “fortunately”)

Answer 24

UNHAPPY δυστυχισμένος (dystychisménos, “unhappy”)

Answer 25

ANGRY - WILD - UNTAMED - HARSG - SAVAGE From ἀγρός (“field, country”) +‎ -ιος (adjective suffix). ᾰ̓γρός • (agrós) m (genitive ᾰ̓γροῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) field, land, countryside from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀒𐀫 (a-ko-ro) Latin ager, Sanskrit अज्र (ájra) Old English æcer (English acre). æcer m field (specifically one used to grow crops or hold farm animals) acre (measure of land) Proto-Indo-European/h₂éǵros Noun *h₂éǵros m field, pasturage Possibly connected with verbal root *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”) whence also Latin agō (“to drive”) Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”). ———————————————— άγριος Adjective wild, feral, fierce, ferocious, savage, harsh ἄγρῐος • (ágrios) m (feminine ἀγρίᾱ, neuter ἄγρῐον); first/second declension Living in the open fields (of plants or animals) wild (non-domesticated), (of people or animals) wild, savage, violent, fierce (of situations) cruel, harsh άγριος • (ágrios) m (feminine άγρια, neuter άγριο) (of animals) undomesticated, untamed, feral, wild (of plants) wild, uncultivated (of persons) uncouth, unsociable, uncivilised (UK), uncivilized (US) άγρια (ágria, “wildly”) αγριάδα f (agriáda, “wildness”) αγριάνθρωπος m (agriánthropos, “wild man”) αγριελιά f (agrieliá, “wild olive tree”) αγρίεμα m (agríema, “wildness, ferocity, bullying”) αγριεύω (agriévo, “to infuriate, to bully, to become wild”) αγριεύομαι (agriévomai, “to be frightened”) αγρίμι n (agrími, “wild animal”) αγριότητα f (agriótita, “ferocity”) αγρίως (agríos, “wildly, savagely”) αγριο- (agrio-) Category:Greek words prefixed with αγριο- αγριό- (agrió-) Category:Greek words prefixed with αγριό- αγρι- (agri-) Category:Greek words prefixed with αγρι- See also[edit] ζωώδης (zoódis, “animal like”) κτηνώδης (ktinódis, “animal like”) θηλαστικός (thilastikós, “mammalian”) θηριώδης (thiriódis, “violent, cruel”) ————————————————— θυμός anger, wrath, ire, tantrum, rage, dander οργή anger, wrath, rage, fury, dander, ire Verb εξοργίζω enrage, exasperate, incense, madden, vex,

Answer 26

PLEASED Verb χαίρω • (chaíro) (past —) (largely found in the expressions shown) be happy, be glad Χαίρε Μαρία ― Chaíre María ― Hail Mary χαίρετε ― chaírete ― hi, hello, greetings χαίρω πολύ ― chaíro polý ― pleased to meet you χαίρω καλής φήμης ― chaíro kalís fímis ― have a good reputation χαίρω μεγάλης εκτιμήσεως ― chaíro megális ektimíseos ― to hold in high esteem χαίρω άκρας υγείας ― chaíro ákras ygeías ― to enjoy good health χάρηκα πολύ ― chárika polý ― pleased to have met you Verb χαίρω • (khaírō) To be full of cheer, i.e. calmly happy or well off To enjoy [+dative = something], [+participle = doing something] (perfect) To be very glad; to enjoy [+dative = something], [+participle = doing something] a great deal (on meeting or parting, as an imperative) Be well; farewell, be glad, God speed, greetings, hail, joy(‐fully), rejoice (as a salutation) Derived terms Compounds of χαίρω: ἀντιχαίρω (antikhaírō, “rejoice in turn”) ἐπῐχαίρω (epikhaírō, “rejoice over”) κᾰτᾰχαίρω (katakhaírō, “exult over”) περῐχαίρω (perikhaírō, “rejoice exceedingly”) προσχαίρω (proskhaírō, “rejoice at”) προχαίρω (prokhaírō, “rejoice beforehand”) συγχαίρω (sunkhaírō, “rejoice with”) ῠ̔περχαίρω (huperkhaírō, “rejoice exceedingly”) ῠ̔ποχαίρω (hupokhaírō, “rejoice secretly”) Other derivatives: ᾰ̓ποχαιρετίζω (apokhairetízō, “say farewell, take leave”) ἐπῐχαιράγαθος (epikhairágathos, “taking delight in what is good”) ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκέω (epikhairekakéō, “rejoice at one's misfortune”) ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ f (epikhairekakíā, “joy over one's misfortune, spite”) ἐπῐχαιρέκᾰκος (epikhairékakos, “rejoicing over one's misfortune”) Χαιρέας m (Khairéas) χαιρέφῠλλον n (khairéphullon, “garden chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium”) Χαιρεφῶν m (Khairephôn) χαιρεκᾰκέω (khairekakéō, “ἐπιχαιρεκακέω, rejoice at another's misfortune”) χαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ f (khairekakíā, “ἐπιχαιρεκακία, joy over one's misfortune, spite”) χαιρέκᾰκος (khairékakos, “ἐπιχαιρέκακος, rejoicing over one's misfortune”) χαιρέτισμα n (khairétisma, “greeting, salutation,”) χαιρετισμός m (khairetismós, “greeting, visit”) χαιρετιστῐκός (khairetistikós, adjective) χαιρετῐ́ζω (khairetízō, “greet, welcome someone”) χαιρητῐκός (khairētikós, “jovial, hilarious”) χαιροσύνη f (khairosúnē, “joy”) Χαιρώνεια f (Khairṓneia) Χαιρωνεύς (Khairōneús) Related terms And their derived terms: -χᾰρής (-kharḗs) χᾰρᾱ́ f (kharā́, “joy”) χᾰ́ρῐς f (kháris, “elegance; influence”), εὐχᾰρῐστέω (eukharistéō, “thank”), χᾰριεντῐ́ζομαι (kharientízomai, “jest”) χᾰ́ρμᾰ n (khárma, “delight”) ``` Synonyms χαίρομαι (chaíromai) (a deponent verb, morphologically passive form of χαίρω) Derived terms[edit] Χαίρε Μαρία (Chaíre María, “Hail Mary”) χαίρετε (chaírete, “hello, greetings”) χαίρω πολύ (chaíro polý, “pleased to meet you”) Related terms[edit] And their derived terms: ``` -χαρής (-charís) -χαρος (-charos) επιχαίρω (epichaíro, “gloat, rejoice over failure”) συγχαίρω (synchaíro, “congratulate”) χαρά f (chará, “joy”), χαρούμενος (charoúmenos, “happy”) χαιρετώ (chairetó, “to say hello”) χαιρετίζω (chairetízo, “greet”) χαιρέκακος (chairékakos, “spiteful”) χαίρομαι (chaíromai) καταχαίρομαι (katachaíromai, “exult, rejoice extremely”) χάρη f (chári, “grace; favour”) χάρις f (cháris, “grace”), ευχαριστώ (efcharistó, “thank”) καταχαίρομαι (katachaíromai, “exult, rejoice extremely”) χαρούμενος (charoúmenos, “happy”) Verb χαίρομαι • (chaíromai) deponent (past χάρηκα) Also see the active χαίρω (chaíro) (intransitive) be happy, be glad Χαίρω πολύ! Χαίρομαι που σας γνωρίζω από κοντά. Έχω ακούσει τόσα πολλά για σας. Chaíro polý! Chaíromai pou sas gnorízo apó kontá. Écho akoúsei tósa pollá gia sas. Pleased to meet you! I am happy to meet you in person. I have heard so much about you. (transitive) enjoy Το χάρηκα πολύ το μπάνιο στη θάλασσα. Το νερό ήταν ζεστό και δεν είχε κύματα. To chárika polý to bánio sti thálassa. To neró ítan zestó kai den eíche kýmata. I enjoyed swimming in the sea very much. The water was warm and there were no waves. (idiomatic, transitive) must be proud Πόσων χρονών είναι η κορούλα σας; Πέντε! Να την χαίρεστε. Póson chronón eínai i koroúla sas? Pénte! Na tin chaíreste. How old is your little daughter? Five! You must be so proud. Verb χαιρετώ • (chairetó) (past χαιρέτησα, passive χαιρετιέμαι) say hello, say goodbye, greet, salute wave, bow αντιχαιρετίζω (antichairetízo, “to say goodbye”) αντιχαιρετώ (antichairetó, “to say goodbye”) αποχαιρετίζω (apochairetízo, “to say goodbye”) αποχαιρετώ (apochairetó, “to say goodbye”) χαιρετισμός m (chairetismós, “greeting, salute”) χαίρω (chaíro, “to be happy”) χαίρω πολύ (chaíro polý, “pleased to meet you”) Verb χαιρετάω • (chairetáo) (past χαιρέτησα) Alternative form of χαιρετώ (chairetó) χαρούμενος Etymology Byzantine Greek χαρούμενος (kharoúmenos, participle of χαίρομαι (khaíromai)) Adjective χαρούμενος • (charoúmenos) m (feminine χαρούμενη, neuter χαρούμενο) happy, cheerful, joyful, merry χαρούμενο τραγούδι ― charoúmeno tragoúdi ― joyful song carol

Answer 27

BELEAGUERED - BESIEGED προσκαθέζομαι Verb προσκᾰθέζομαι • (proskathézomai) to besiege, beleaguer προσ- (pros-, “in front”) +‎ καθέζομαι (kathézomai, “to sit down”) Borrowed from Dutch belegeren and/or... Middle Low German belēgeren; equivalent to be- +‎ lair. ``` Verb lair (third-person singular simple present lairs, present participle lairing, simple past and past participle laired) (Britain) To rest; to dwell. (Britain) To lay down. (Britain) To bury. ``` From Old Norse leir (“clay, mud”). Compare Icelandic leir (“clay”). Noun lair (plural lairs) (Scotland) A bog; a mire. Verb lair (third-person singular simple present lairs, present participle lairing, simple past and past participle laired) (transitive, Scotland) To mire. (intransitive, Scotland) To become mired. from Old English leġer (“couch, bed”) from Proto-Germanic *legrą, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- Proto-Indo-European Root *legʰ- to lie (to be in resting position) Verb λέχομαι • (lékhomai) to lie down ``` Old English: liċġan Verb liċġan to lie (be in a horizontal position) to lie down to be located somewhere ``` ``` Old Irish: lige lige n verbal noun of laigid lying down, reclining, sleeping bed, couch (figuratively) grave ```

Answer 28

FORMS OF LOVE Ancient Greek philosophy differentiates main conceptual forms and distinct words for the Modern English word love: agápe, éros, philía, philautia, storgē, and xenia. Agápe (ἀγάπη agápē) means "love: esp. brotherly love, charity; the love of God for man and of man for God".[2] Agape is used in ancient texts to denote feelings for one's children and the feelings for a spouse, and it was also used to refer to a love feast.[3] Agape is used by Christians to express the unconditional love of God for his children.[4] This type of love was further explained by Thomas Aquinas as "to will the good of another".[5] Éros (ἔρως érōs) means "love, mostly of the sexual passion".[6] The Modern Greek word "erotas" means "intimate love". Plato refined his own definition: Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Plato does not talk of physical attraction as a necessary part of love, hence the use of the word platonic to mean, "without physical attraction". In the Symposium, the most famous ancient work on the subject, Plato has Socrates argue that eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty, and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth, the ideal Form of youthful beauty that leads us humans to feel erotic desire – thus suggesting that even that sensually based love aspires to the non-corporeal, spiritual plane of existence; that is, finding its truth, just like finding any truth, leads to transcendence.[7] Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth through the means of eros. Philia (φιλία philía) means "affectionate regard, friendship", usually "between equals".[8] It is a dispassionate virtuous love, a concept developed by Aristotle.[9] In his best-known work on ethics, Nicomachean Ethics, philia is expressed variously as loyalty to friends (specifically, "brotherly love"), family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. Furthermore, in the same text philos is also the root of philautia denoting self-love and arising from it, a general type of love, used for love between family, between friends, a desire or enjoyment of an activity, as well as between lovers. Storge (στοργή storgē) means "love, affection" and "especially of parents and children".[10] It is the common or natural empathy, like that felt by parents for offspring.[11] Rarely used in ancient works, and then almost exclusively as a descriptor of relationships within the family. It is also known to express mere acceptance or putting up with situations, as in "loving" the tyrant. This is also used when referencing the love for one's country or a favorite sports team. Philautia (Greek: φιλαυτία, romanized: philautía) means "self-love". To love oneself or "regard for one's own happiness or advantage"[12][full citation needed] has been conceptualized both as a basic human necessity[13] and as a moral flaw, akin to vanity and selfishness,[14] synonymous with amour-propre or egotism. The Greeks further divided this love into positive and negative: one, the unhealthy version, is the self-obsessed love, and the other is the concept of self-compassion. Xenia (Greek: ξενία) is an ancient Greek concept of hospitality. It is sometimes translated as 'guest-friendship' or 'ritualized friendship'. It is an institutionalized relationship rooted in generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity.[15] Historically, hospitality towards foreigners and guests (Hellenes not of your polis) was understood as a moral obligation. Hospitality towards foreign Hellenes honored Zeus Xenios (and Athene Xenia) patrons of foreigners. Translations of love Noun αγάπη love, affection, fondness, affinity, liking, dearness έρωτας love, eros, cupid έρως love, courtship Verb αγαπώ love, cherish, like, fancy έρωμαι love Translations of love Noun amor Love, affection, fondness, adoration, Cupidon, attachment caritas charity, Love, famine prices, scarcity, want, regard dilectio Love, delight, pleasure, goodwill conplexus embrace, enfolding, hug, grasp, connection, connexion affectus affection, feeling, desire, state of mind, goodwill, Love flamma flame, HEAT, blaze, Fire, Passion, Love ignis Fire, light, flame, HEAT, watch-fire, torch ardor ardor, HEAT, eagerness, flame, flashing, glare complexus embrace, grasp, hug, enfolding, connection, connexion eros Love, Cupid Verb diligo love, regard above others, esteem highly, value, distinguish by choosing, prize Amo like, love, admire, adore, be fond, take pleasure of ————————————————————

Answer 29

SAD - DEPRESSED Verb θλίβω • (thlívo) (past έθλιψα, passive θλίβομαι) found chiefly in the present and imperfect tenses and in compounds sadden, distress ``` Verb θλῑ́βω • (thlī́bō) to squeeze, chafe, exercise pressure to compress, straiten (figuratively) to oppress, afflict, distress ``` t has been proposed that it is a cross between θλάω (thláō, “to crush, bruise”) and φλίβω (phlíbō). Participle θλιμμένος • (thlimménos) m (feminine θλιμμένη, neuter θλιμμένο) feeling sad, sorrowful, grieved Είναι πάντοτε θλιμμένος από τότε που πέθανε η γυναίκα του. Eínai pántote thlimménos apó tóte pou péthane i gynaíka tou. He is always sad since his wife died. showing saddness, gloomy Με κοίταξε μ' ένα θλιμμένο χαμόγελο. Me koítaxe m' éna thlimméno chamógelo. She looked at me with a sad smile. Έπαιζε στο πιάνο θλιμμένες μελωδίες. Épaize sto piáno thlimménes melodíes. She was playing sad melodies on the piano. ο θλιμμένος στίχος ― o thlimménos stíchos ― the sad verse τα θλιμμένα μάτια ― ta thlimména mátia ― the sad eyes θλιμμένη Participle θλιμμένη • (thlimméni) Nominative, accusative and vocative singular feminine form of θλιμμένος (thlimménos). Verb ᾰ̓ποθλῑ́βω • (apothlī́bō) to squeeze out ᾰ̓πόθλιμμα (apóthlimma) ᾰ̓ποθλιμμός (apothlimmós) ᾰ̓πόθλιψις (apóthlipsis) εκθλίβω (ekthlívo) καταθλίβω (katathlívo) συνθλίβω (synthlívo, “compress, shatter”) Noun θλίψη • (thlípsi) f (plural θλίψεις) sorrow, sadness, grief, affliction Η θλίψη της ήταν μεγάλη για την απώλεια του συζύγου της. I thlípsi tis ítan megáli gia tin apóleia tou syzýgou tis. Her sorrow at the loss of her husband was great. Synonyms (sadness, sorrow): λύπη f (lýpi), οδύνη f (odýni), πίκρα f (píkra), στενοχώρια f (stenochória) From Ancient Greek θλῖψις (thlîpsis, “pressure”). Noun θλῖψῐς • (thlîpsis) f (genitive θλῑ́ψεως); third declension pressure (figuratively) oppression, affliction. From θλίβω (thlíbō, “to press”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). —————————————————————————— Suffix -σῐς • (-sis) f (genitive -σεως or -σῐος or -σηος); third declension Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process Ancient Greek words suffixed with -σις https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_words_suffixed_with_-σις?_x_tr_sl=el&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,op,sc

Answer 30

SORROW ``` Noun λύπη • (lýpi) f (plural λύπες) sorrow, sadness, unhappiness suffering pity, compassion ``` Verb λυπώ • (lypó) (past λύπησα, passive λυπάμαι/λυπούμαι) sadden, distress Verb λῡπέω • (lūpéō) to give pain to, to pain, distress, grieve, vex (absolute) to cause pain or grief (in historical writers, of cavalry and light troops) to harass, annoy (passive, future middle) to be pained, grieved, distressed, sad, to grieve From λῡ́πη (lū́pē, “pain”) +‎ -έω (-éō). Adjective λῡπρός • (lūprós) m (feminine λῡπρᾱ́, neuter λῡπρόν); first/second declension (of land, plants) worthless, wretched, poor (of persons) causing pain, offensive (of states and conditions) distressing, painful From λυπέω (lupéō, “to grieve”) +‎ -ρός (-rós). Compare also λυπηρός (lupērós). λυπρόβιος (lupróbios) λυπρογέως (luprogéōs) λυπρότης (luprótēs) λυπρόχωρος (luprókhōros) λυπημένος (lypiménos, “sad”) λύπη f (lýpi, “sorrow, sadness”) συλλυπητήρια (syllypitíria, “condolences”)

Answer 31

DELIGHT - HEDONISM ``` Noun ἡδονή • (hēdonḗ) f (genitive ἡδονῆς); first declension delight, pleasure, enjoyment taste, smell, flavor (in plural): desires ``` English: hedonic, hedonism, hedonist, anhedonia, anhedonic. Related to ἥδομαι (hḗdomai, “to rejoice”) and ἡδῠ́ς (hēdús, “sweet”). ``` Adjective ἡδῠ́ς • (hēdús) m (feminine ἡδεῖᾰ, neuter ἡδῠ́); first/third declension pleasant to the taste or smell, sweet (of persons) pleasant, welcome pleased, glad ``` Noun ἧδος • (hêdos) n (genitive ἥδεος); third declension delight, pleasure vinegar, used as flavouring From ἡδύς (hēdús, “sweet”) +‎ -ος (-os). ``` Verb ἡδῠ́νω • (hēdúnō) to season a dish (figuratively) to make pleasant to delight, coax, gratify ``` Verb ἥδομαι • (hḗdomai) to be pleased, enjoy oneself Etymology From ἥδομαι (hḗdomai, “to enjoy”) +‎ -τικός (-tikós). Adjective ἡστῐκός • (hēstikós) m (feminine ἡστῐκή, neuter ἡστῐκόν); first/second declension pleasing, agreeable Suffix -τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive ‎ ποιέω ( poiéō, “ to make ” ) + ‎ -τικός ( -tikós ) → ‎ ποιητικός ( poiētikós, “ creative ” ) Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels ‎ ἔξω ( éxō, “ outside ” ) + ‎ -τικός ( -tikós ) → ‎ ἐξωτικός ( exōtikós, “ foreign ” ) ‎ ναυ-ς ( nau-s, “ ship ” ) + ‎ -τικός ( -tikós ) → ‎ ναυτικός ( nautikós, “ seafaring ” ) From -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix) or -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix) +‎ -κός (-kós, adjective suffix) "Ancient Greek words suffixed with -τικός" https://en-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_words_suffixed_with_-τικός?_x_tr_sl=el&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=nui,op,sc

Answer 32

SOUR - SHARP FLAVOR - SWEET & SOUR ``` Noun ὄξος • (óxos) n (genitive ὄξεος); third declension poor wine vinegar made therefrom Synonym: τᾰ́ργᾰνον (tárganon) (figuratively) sour fellow, sourpuss ``` From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp; sour”), like ἧδος (hêdos, “delight, pleasure”) to ἡδύς (hēdús, “pleasant, sweet”). Noun ὀξᾰ́λμη • (oxálmē) f (genitive ὀξᾰ́λμης); first declension sauce made of vinegar and brine. ``` Verb ἡδῠ́νω • (hēdúnō) to season a dish (figuratively) to make pleasant to delight, coax, gratify ``` Verb ἥδομαι • (hḗdomai) to be pleased, enjoy oneself From ὄξος (óxos, “vinegar”) +‎ ἅλμη (hálmē, “brine”). ``` ὀξάλμη (oxálmē) ὀξέλαιον (oxélaion) ὀξηρός (oxērós) ὀξίδιον (oxídion) ὀξίζω (oxízō) ὀξίνης (oxínēs) ὀξίς (oxís) ὀξῖτις (oxîtis) ὀξοπώλης (oxopṓlēs) ``` Adjective ὀξῠ́ς • (oxús) m (feminine ὀξεῖᾰ, neuter ὀξύ); first/third declension sharp, pointed (especially of swords, axes, etc.) (of the senses): sharp, keen (of sight): dazzling, bright (of sound): shrill, piercing, high, sharp (of taste): sharp, pungent, acid quick, hasty, swift sharp, clever Noun ὀξεῖᾰ • (oxeîa) f (genitive ὀξείᾱς); first declension oxia (the acute accent, indicating high or rising pitch) ``` Noun προσῳδῐ́ᾱ • (prosōidíā) f (genitive προσῳδῐ́ᾱς); first declension a song with an accompaniment (grammar) the tone or pitch of a word diacritic mark ``` From πρός (prós, “to”) +‎ ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). ``` Derived terms ὀξεῖᾰ (oxeîa) Ὀξυάθρης (Oxuáthrēs) ὀξῠ́βᾰφον (oxúbaphon) ὀξῠκέφᾰλος (oxuképhalos) ὀξύμωρος (oxúmōros) ὀξυόεις (oxuóeis) ὀξῠπέπερῐ (oxupéperi) ὀξῠ́της (oxútēs) ὀξῠ́τονος (oxútonos) ```

Answer 33

TO PLEASE - DELIGHT ANOTHER Verb ἁνδάνω • (handánō) (transitive) to please, delight, gratify [+dative = someone] (in Herodotus, of the opinion of a group of people, transitive) to be thought, decided, chosen [+dative = by someone] From Proto-Indo-European *swh₂-n-d-, a nasal-infixed present (ie. containing a N progressive aspect marker) from the root *sweh₂d- (“sweet”), from which also ἡδύς (hēdús, “sweet”) and ἥδομαι (hḗdomai, “enjoy”). A similarly formed present stem is λαμβάνω (lambánō, “take”). Synonyms (think): δοκέω (dokéō) Verb δοκέω • (dokéō) To expect, think, suppose, imagine To seem, to be thought [+dative = to someone, by someone], [+infinitive = that ...] (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to think (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems good [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to resolve To be reputed [+infinitive = that ...] According to Beekes, derived from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “I take, accept”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take”). Cognate to Latin doceō (“I teach, show, rehearse”), Albanian duket (“appear, seem”). and Latin dīgnus (“fitting, worthy”). Related terms δέχομαι (dékhomai) δόξα (dóxa) παράδοξος (parádoxos) Verb δέχομαι • (dékhomai) (Attic) To accept, receive Etymology From Ancient Greek δέκτης (déktēs, “receiver”), from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”). Noun δέκτης • (déktis) m (plural δέκτες) recipient, receiver (technology) receiver ``` Noun δοκός • (dokós) m or f (genitive δοκοῦ); second declension the main beam, especially in a house beam a type of meteor ``` Noun πανδοκεῖον • (pandokeîon) n (genitive πανδοκείου); second declension inn, tavern, hotel From πᾰν- (pan-, “all, every”) + δοκ- (dok-), o-grade of the stem of δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”), + -εῖον (-eîon). —————————————————————— Suffix -εῖον • (-eîon) n (genitive -είου); second declension Forms nouns for instruments or means of action from noun-stems. Forms nouns of place. —————————————————————— ``` Verb ὑποδέχομαι • (hupodékhomai) to receive (especially of a friendly, hospitable welcome) to submit to, endure to undertake, promise ``` ὑπο- (hupo-) +‎ δέχομαι (dékhomai) Noun ῠ̔ποδοχή • (hupodokhḗ) f (genitive ῠ̔ποδοχῆς); first declension reception, welcoming hospitality From ὑποδέχομαι (“to welcome”) +‎ -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix). -η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine) Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun. Added to o-grade of the verbal stem ‎ τρέφω ( tréphō, “ to nourish ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ τροφή ( trophḗ, “ nourishment ” ) Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem ‎ φεύγω ( pheúgō, “ to flee ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ φυγή ( phugḗ, “ flight ” ) ‎ τυγχάνω (τυχ-) ( tunkhánō (tukh-), “ to happen ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ τύχη ( túkhē, “ fortune ” ) Added to e-grade of the verbal stem ‎ στέγω ( stégō, “ to shelter ” ) + ‎ -η ( -ē ) → ‎ στέγη ( stégē, “ roof ” ) ``` ἀποδέχομαι (apodékhomai) δέκτης (déktēs) δεκτός (dektós) δοκός (dokós) πανδέκτης (pandéktēs) πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon) ὑποδέχομαι (hupodékhomai) ``` Compound verbs -and see their derivatives- αναδέχομαι (anadéchomai, “to undertake, to become a godfather or sponsor”) απεκδέχομαι (apekdéchomai, “to hope for, to expect”) αποδέχομαι (apodéchomai, “to accept, to agree”) διαδέχομαι (diadéchomai, “to succeed”) ενδέχεται (endéchetai, “it's possible, it may”) (impersonal, 3rd person) επιδέχομαι (epidéchomai, “to admit, to allow”) καλοδέχομαι (kalodéchomai, “to welcome”) (a modern compound) καταδέχομαι (katadéchomai, “to deign, to condescend”) παραδέχομαι (paradéchomai, “to concede, to acknowledge”) υποδέχομαι (ypodéchomai, “to welcome, to host, to receive”) ``` Related words -and see their derivatives- δέκτης m (déktis, “receiver”) δεκτικός (dektikós) δεκτικότητα f (dektikótita) δεκτός (dektós, “accepted”) δεξαμενή f (dexamení, “water collector”) feminine nouns: αναδοχή f (anadochí), αποδοχή f (apodochí), διαδοχή f (diadochí), εισδοχή f (eisdochí), εκδοχή f (ekdochí), παραδοχή f (paradochí), υποδοχή f (ypodochí) -δόχος (-dóchos) δοχείο n (docheío, “container, vase”) ευπρόσδεκτος (efprósdektos, “welcome”) ``` Noun δεξαμενή • (dexamení) f (plural δεξαμενές) tank (container) reservoir σηπτική δεξαμενή f (siptikí dexamení, “septic tank”) ``` Noun δόξᾰ • (dóxa) f (genitive δόξης); first declension expectation opinion, judgement, belief glory, honor ``` ``` Noun δόξῐς • (dóxis) f (genitive δόξεως); third declension expectation judgement opinion ``` From δοκέω (dokéō) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Verb δοκέω • (dokéō) To expect, think, suppose, imagine To seem, to be thought [+dative = to someone, by someone], [+infinitive = that ...] (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to think (impersonal, δοκεῖ (dokeî)) It seems good [+dative = to someone]; [+dative = subject] to resolve To be reputed [+infinitive = that ...] Cognate to Latin doceō (“I teach, show, rehearse”), Albanian duket (“appear, seem”). and Latin dīgnus (“fitting, worthy”). Adjective πᾰρᾰ́δοξος • (parádoxos) m or f (neuter πᾰρᾰ́δοξον); second declension contrary to expectation, strange, incredible Synonym: παράξενος (paráxenos) From παρά (pará, “beyond”) +‎ δόξα (dóxa, “expectation”) +‎ -ος (-os). Suffix -ος • (-os) n (genitive -εος or -ους); third declension Added to verbal roots to form a noun of result or an abstract noun of action. Suffix -ος • (-os) Nominative singular of masculine and feminine second-declension nouns ἄνθρωπος m or f ( ánthrōpos, “ person ” ) Masculine nominative singular of first- and second-declension adjectives ἄλλος m ( állos, “ other ” ) Masculine and feminine nominative singular of second-declension adjectives ἄδικος m or f ( ádikos, “ unjust ” ) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension nouns ὀνόματος n ( onómatos, “ of a name ” ) Genitive singular of consonant-stem or uncontracted third-declension masculine or neuter adjectives παντός m or n ( pantós, “ of the whole of ” ) Noun πᾰρᾰδοξολόγος • (paradoxológos) m (genitive πᾰρᾰδοξολόγου); second declension narrator of marvels From παράδοξος (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to gather”). ``` λέγω • (légō) I put in order, arrange, gather I choose, count, reckon I say, speak I call, name (usually in the passive voice) ``` λέγω • (légō) I say, speak, converse, tell a story (middle passive) I mean ᾰπολέγω • (apolégō) to pick out from, to choose (later sense) decline, refuse ἀπολογέομαι (apologéomai, “speak in defence”) ἀπολογητέος (apologētéos, “one must defend”) ἀπολογία f (apología, “speech in defence”) From ἀπό- (“from”) +‎ λέγω (“to choose, to say”) (λέγω, sense: 'choose').. ``` Verb ἐκλέγω • (eklégō) to pick or single out, to choose (in middle voice) to pull out one's gray hairs to levy taxes or tribute ``` ``` Verb ἐπῐλέγω • (epilégō) to say in addition, to add further, to call by name to choose, to pick out, to select to read to think over, to consider ``` From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). Verb επιλέγω • (epilégo) (past επέλεξα, passive επιλέγομαι) (transitive, intransitive) choose, select, pick (decide upon from a set of options) Επέλεξε το πράσινο φόρεμα να φορέσει. Epélexe to prásino fórema na forései. She chose the green dress to wear. Έχεις επιλέξει ακόμα; Écheis epiléxei akóma? Have you chosen yet? (intransitive, rare) conclude (to say in conclusion)[2] Επιλέγοντας, είπε ότι λυπόταν για ό,τι έκανε. Epilégontas, eípe óti lypótan gia ó,ti ékane. Concluding, he said he was sorry for what he did. (different sense for the present participle) επιλεγόμενος: eponymous From Ancient Greek ἐπιλέγω (epilégō), from ἐπι- (epi-, “on, onto”) +‎ λέγω (légō, “to choose, to say”). επίλεκτος (epílektos, “picked, handpicked”) επιλέξιμος (epiléximos, “eligible, selectable”) επιλογέας m (epilogéas, “selector, selector dial”) επιλογή f (epilogí, “choice, selection”) διαλέγω • (dialégo) (past διάλεξα, passive διαλέγομαι, p‑past διαλέχτηκα, ppp διαλεγμένος) choose, select, pick out and see: διαλέγομαι (dialégomai) (passive voice, deponent in its own right: sense "discuss") αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”) διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”) διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”) διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”) διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”) Verb εκλέγω • (eklégo) (past εξέλεξα, passive εκλέγομαι) elect From Ancient Greek ἐκλέγω with sense: "I choose", extended to "elect". Also see verbs: επιλέγω (epilégo), διαλέγω (dialégo), all preserving the ancient sense from λέγω (légō, “sense: collect”). εκλογέας m (eklogéas, “voter, with voting rights”) εκλογή f (eklogí, “the voting; choice”) ``` Noun εκλογή • (eklogí) f (plural εκλογές) election (process of choosing a new leader) option choice selection poll ``` From Ancient Greek ἐκλέγω with sense: "I choose", extended to "elect". Also see verbs: επιλέγω (epilégo), διαλέγω (dialégo), all preserving the ancient sense from λέγω (légō, “sense: collect”). Verb δῐᾰλέγομαι • (dialégomai) I converse, hold a discussion, debate, argue. (philosophy) I practise dialectic, elicit conclusions. (late) I lecture, discourse. I speak articulately, write in prose, use a dialect or language. (euphemistic, Attic) I have intercourse. I have dealings (with someone). ``` Noun δῐᾰ́λεκτος • (diálektos) f (genitive δῐᾰλέκτου); second declension discourse, conversation manner of speech, language dialect, accent ``` Noun διάλεκτος • (diálektos) f (plural διάλεκτοι or διάλεκτες) dialect (of a language) From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “I discuss”) +‎ -τος (-tos), from δῐᾰ́ (diá, “through”) + λέγω (légō, “I speak”). ``` Adjective δῐᾰλεκτῐκός • (dialektikós) m (feminine δῐᾰλεκτῐκή, neuter δῐᾰλεκτῐκόν); first/second declension (Attic, Koine) (rare) Conversational Skilled in dialectic Dialectical ``` From διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to have a conversation”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós, verbal adjective suffix): literally, “related to conversation” Noun δῐᾰλεκτῐκή • (dialektikḗ) f (genitive δῐᾰλεκτῐκής); first declension dialectic, discussion by question and answer, invented by Zeno of Elea See also dialectic. Adjective dialectica nominative feminine singular of dialecticus nominative neuter plural of dialecticus accusative neuter plural of dialecticus vocative feminine singular of dialecticus vocative neuter plural of dialecticus ``` Adjective dialecticus (feminine dialectica, neuter dialecticum); first/second-declension adjective dialectical logical reasoning dialectician logician ``` αξεδιάλεχτος (axediálechtos, “unsorted”) διαλέγομαι (dialégomai, “to discuss”) διάλεκτος f (diálektos, “dialect, jargon”) διαλεχτός (dialechtós, “selected, very good”) διαλογή f (dialogí, “sorting, sorting out, counting”) διάλογος m (diálogos, “dialogue, discussion”) ——————————————————————— σηπτική δεξαμενή f (siptikí dexamení, “septic tank”) Adjective σηπτῐκός • (sēptikós) m (feminine σηπτῐκή, neuter σηπτῐκόν); first/second declension putrefactive, septic From σήπω (sḗpō, “make rotten”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós) ``` Verb σήπω • (sḗpō) (active) I make rotten or putrid (figuratively) I corrupt, waste (passive) I rot, moulder (of tissue) I die ``` Noun σῆψῐς • (sêpsis) f (genitive σήψεως); third declension putrefaction, sepsis From σήπω (sḗpō, “to make rotten”) +‎ -σῐς (-sis). Noun σήψη • (sípsi) f (plural σήψεις) (medicine) sepsis Antonym: αντισηψία (antisipsía) see: αντισηπτικό n (antisiptikó, “antiseptic”) Adjective σᾰπρός • (saprós) m (feminine σᾰπρή, neuter σᾰπρόν); first/second declension rotten, putrid From the radical of σήπω (sḗpō) +‎ -ρός (-adjective). Noun σᾰπρῐ́ᾱ • (sapríā) f (genitive σᾰπρῐ́ᾱς); first declension decay, decayed matter From σᾰπρός (saprós, “rotten, putrid”) +‎ -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā). Adjective σηπτῐκός • (sēptikós) m (feminine σηπτῐκή, neuter σηπτῐκόν); first/second declension putrefactive, septic From σήπω (sḗpō, “make rotten”) +‎ -τῐκός (-tikós)

Answer 34

GRUMBLE - GROWL - COMPLAIN growl • ( gkriniazo ) ( past grumble , passive -) grumble , complain , moan , whine ( express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment ) γκρινιάζω • (gkriniázo) (past γκρίνιαξα, passive —) grumble, complain, moan, whine (express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment) Αυτός ο άντρας όλο γκρινιάζει και δε λέει ποτέ κάτι θετικό. Aftós o ántras ólo gkriniázei kai de léei poté káti thetikó. That man is always complaining and never says anything positive. (chiefly of babies and infants) cry, moan, wail Το μωρό τους πάντα γκρινιάζει αργά το βράδυ όταν θέλουμε να κοιμηθούμε. To moró tous pánta gkriniázei argá to vrády ótan théloume na koimithoúme. Their baby is always wailing late at night when we're trying to sleep. Synonyms (complain) : παραπονιέμαι (paraponiémai), μεμψιμοιρώ (mempsimoiró) (cry) : κλαίω (klaío), ουρλιάζω (ourliázo) Related terms see: γκρίνια f (gkrínia, “gripe”), γρίνια (grínia) see: γκρινιάρης (gkriniáris, “grouch, querulous”), γρινιάρης (griniáris)