ARGUMENT - LOGIC Flashcards
πειθ
πείθω
μεταπείθω
I PERSUADE - CONVINCE
πειθ
Stems πειθ-
From Proto-Hellenic - *péitʰō
to believe, to trust
to obey
to convince, to persuade.
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti.
*bʰéydʰeti (imperfective)
to trust.
Thematic root verb of the root *bʰeydʰ-
Proto-Indo-European / bʰeydʰ-
*bʰeydʰ- (imperfective)
to compel, force
to trust.
Similar to…
Italic: *feiðos
Latin: fīdus
Proto-Italic / feiðos *feiðos faithful, reliable. *feiðō trust.
_______________________________________________
πείθομαι - passive
πείστηκα - simple past
πείθω - active
_______________________________________________
persuade (v.)
1510s, from Middle French persuader (14c.),
from Latin persuadere “to bring over by talking,”
(see persuasion). Related: Persuaded; persuading.
persuasion (n.)
late 14c., “action of inducing (someone) to believe (something)
argument to persuade, inducement.
from Old French persuasion (14c.) and directly
from Latin persuasionem “a convincing, persuading,”
noun of action from past participle stem of persuadere “persuade, convince,”
from per “thoroughly, strongly” (see per) + suadere “to urge, persuade,”
from PIE root *swād- “sweet, pleasant” (see sweet (adj.)).
Meaning “religious belief, creed” is from 1620s.
suādeō (present infinitive suādēre, perfect active suāsī, supine suāsum); second conjugation
I recommend, advise.
I urge, exhort; I suade, persuade.
I advocate, promote, support, recommend.
From Proto-Italic *swādēō from Proto-Indo-European *swoh₂déye- from *sweh₂d- *swādēō to recommend, to advise. *sweh₂d- Sweet.
From ἥδομαι • (hḗdomai)
to be pleased, enjoy oneself.
from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d- (“sweet”).
In Greek mythology, Peitho (Ancient Greek: Πειθώ, romanized: Peithō, lit. ‘Persuasion’) is the goddess who personifies persuasion and seduction. Her Roman name is Suadela or Suada.
Suadela
In Roman mythology, Suadela (or Suada) was a goddess of persuasion, particularly in romance, seduction and love. Her opposite is Bia, the personification of force.
She was strongly associated with Venus.
Her Greek name was Peitho.
Sometimes she is associated with or counted as one of the Graces.
The Moralia (Ancient Greek: Ἠθικά Ethika; loosely translated as “Morals” or “Matters relating to customs and mores”) of the 1st-century Greek scholar Plutarch of Chaeronea is an eclectic collection of 78 essays and transcribed speeches. They provide insights into Roman and Greek life, but often are also timeless observations in their own right.
Bia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Bia (/ˈbaɪə/; Ancient Greek: Βία means “power, force, might”) was the personification of force, anger and raw energy.
βία
βῐ́ᾱς
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win”). Cognate with Sanskrit ज्या (jyā́, “overwhelming force; power; vanquishing”), जय (jayá, “victory”).
βῐ́ᾱ • (bíā) f (genitive βῐ́ᾱς); first declension
bodily strength, force
act of violence
βιάζω
From Ancient Greek βιάζω (“to use violence, to force”).
The forced sexual intercourse sense is from Byzantine Greek.
(transitive) rape, violate, ravish (to force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity without consent)
(figuratively) rape (to plunder, to destroy or despoil)
βιασμός m (“rape-ism”)
βιαστής m (“rapist”)
βιαστικός (“rapacious, hurried, hasty”)
βιασύνη f (rush, hurry, haste”)
-σύνη
Forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns.
βιασμός • (viasmós) m (plural βιασμοί)
rape
βιαστής • (viastís) m (plural βιαστές)
Noun
rapist, raper
From Byzantine Greek βιαστής (biastḗs), equivalent to βια (to rape”) + -στής ( “-ist, -er”).
βιάζομαι • (viázomai) passive simple past βιάστηκα, active βιάζω Verb hurry, be in a hurry
βιάζομαι (“to be hurried, to be raped”)
βιαστικός • (viastikós) m (feminine βιαστική, neuter βιαστικό)
Adjective
panicked
_______________________________________________
ENGLISH - TRUST
Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality.
Dependence upon something in the future; hope.
Confidence in the future payment for goods or services supplied; credit.
That which is committed or entrusted; something received in confidence; a charge.
That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope.
The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office.
(law) The confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another.
(law) An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another.
A group of businessmen or traders organised for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees.
(computing) Affirmation of the access rights of a user of a computer system.
(Synonyms ) belief confidence expectation faith hope
From Proto-Indo-European *deru- (“be firm, hard, solid”).
Proto-Germanic/ traustą *traustą shelter help; aid trust; confidence; alliance.
From *traustaz (“firm, strong”)
from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew-, *drū- (“to be firm, hard, solid; tree”).
_______________________________________________
OLD ENGLISH - FAITH
from fidēs (“faith, loyalty”)
fealty
(countable and uncountable, plural fealties)
Fidelity to one’s lord or master; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord
Synonyms: fidelity, allegiance, faithfulness
The oath by which this obligation was assumed.
Anglo-Norman
feelté f (oblique plural feeltez, nominative singular feelté, nominative plural feeltez)
allegiance; loyalty.
loyalty (countable and uncountable, plural loyalties)
The state of being loyal; fidelity.
Faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation.
_______________________________________________
ENGLISH - LOYAL
From - loi
(oblique plural lois, nominative singular loi, nominative plural lois)
law
rule; regulation.
From earlier lei,
from Latin lēgem, accusative singular of lēx.
lēx f (genitive lēgis); third declension
a proposition or motion for a law made to the people by a magistrate, a bill
(figuratively) a bill which has become a law, a law.
(figuratively) a precept, regulation, principle, rule, mode, manner
(figuratively) a contract, agreement, covenant
(figuratively) a condition, stipulation.
from *legʰ- (“to lie, to be in resting position”)
From Proto-Italic *lēg-
from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-s
root nomen actionis from *leǵ- (“to gather”),
whence legō.
I choose, select, appoint.
I collect, gather, bring together
I read.
Ancient Greek λέγω (“I speak, I choose, I mean”)
λέγω • (légō)
I put in order, arrange, gather
I choose, count, reckon.
*leǵ- (imperfective)
to gather, collect, with derivatives meaning to speak.
Proto-Indo-European/ les-
*les- (imperfective)
to gather, to collect.
_______________________________________________
fīdō (present infinitive fīdere, perfect active fīsus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent
I trust, put confidence in
I rely upon.
Cognate to fidēs (“faith”) and
Proto-Germanic *bīdaną.
Latin - fidēs f (genitive fideī); fifth declension
faith, belief
reliance
confidence, trust.
_______________________________________________
English - Faith
An obligation of loyalty or fidelity and the observance of such an obligation.
A trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal.
(obsolete) Credibility or truth.
(Synonyms )
(knowing, without direct observation, based on indirect evidence and experience, that something is true, real, or will happen): belief, confidence, trust, conviction, certain outcome will come to pass.
_______________________________________________
Related/ Old English - Bide
(transitive, chiefly dialectal) To bear; to endure; to tolerate.
(intransitive, archaic or dialectal) To dwell or reside in a location; to abide.
(intransitive, archaic or dialectal) To wait; to be in expectation; to stay; to remain.
(to bear): put up with.
(to wait): stand by.
Abide
From Middle English abiden.
from Old English ābīdan (“to abide, wait, remain, delay, remain behind; survive; wait for, await; expect”)
from Proto-Germanic *uzbīdaną (“to expect, tolerate”),
(transitive) To endure without yielding; to withstand; await defiantly; to encounter; to persevere. [from mid-12th century]
(transitive) To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with; stand.
(transitive) To pay for; to stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for; to atone for. [from late 16th century]
Used in a phrasal verb: abide by (“to accept and act in accordance with”).
(intransitive, obsolete) To wait in expectation. [from mid-12th to mid-17th century]
(intransitive, archaic) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left.
_______________________________________________
πείθω • (peíthō)
(active)
I convince, persuade.
I succeed through entreaty.
I mislead.
I bribe.
I tempt.
I believe, trust in.
I trust, rely on (with dative of person or thing)
___________________________________________
πειστικός • (peistikós) m (feminine πειστική, neuter πειστικό)
persuasive, convincing.
___________________________________________
πεῖσῐς • (peîsis) f (genitive πείσεως); third declension
persuasion
From πείθω (“I persuade”) + -σῐς
-σῐς
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
___________________________________________
ἀπειθέω • (apeithéō)
to disobey, unconvinced, unwilling.
ἀ- (“un-”) + πειθ- (“obey”) + -έω
___________________________________________
μεταπείθω • (metapeítho)
I dissuade, I bring round
____________________________________________
Πείσᾰνδρος
A male given name.
Compound of πείθω (“to convince”) + ἀνήρ (“a man”).
Ontology
BEING
Essential Attributes
Accidental Attributes.
I am - ειμαι
I was - ήμουν
I will be - θα γίνω
Becoming - γίνομαι
Exist - υπάρχω
Substance - οὐσία
Matter -
Form -
___________________________________________
Original Word: οὐσία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: ousia Phonetic Spelling: (oo-see'-ah) Definition: substance, property Usage: property, wealth, substance.
from ousa (fem. part. of eimi)
οὖσα • (oûsa)
feminine nominative and vocative singular of ὤν.
οὖσαι • (oûsai)
nominative and vocative feminine plural of ὤν.
____________________________________________
ᾖ
V-PSA-3S
Might be, may possibly be.
ἦν
He is/was being
V-II-3S
ἤμην
V-II-1S
I was being
ἦμεν
V-II-1P
We were being
ἤμεθα
V-II-1P
We have been
ἦς
V-II-2S
You were
ἦσαν
V-II-3P
They were
ἦσθα
V-II-2S
You were
ἦτε
V-II-2P
Y’ll were
ἤτω
V-PM-3S (present middle)
I am myself being
εἴη
V-PO-3S (present optative)
Might be, hopefully be, wish to be.
εἰμὶ
V-PI-1S
I am
εἶναι
V-PI-2S
You are
εἰσίν
V-PI-3P
They are
ἔσῃ
V-FI-2S
You will be
ἔσεσθαι
V-FI (future Infinitive)
To be
ἔσεσθε
V-FI-2P
Y’ll will be
Εἰ - εἰ
Conj
If being
ἐσμεν
V-PI-1P (present indicative)
We are
ἔσομαι
V-FI-1S
I myself will be
ἐσόμενον
V-FP-ANS (future participle, accusative neuter)
His/Him - will be being
ἔσται
V-FI-3S
He will be being
ἐσόμεθα
V-FI-1P
We will be being
ἔσονται
V-FI-3P
They will be being
ἐστιν / ἐστί
V-PI-3S
He is being
ἴσθι
V-PM-2S
You yourself are being
ἔστω
V-PM-3S
He himself is being
Ἔστωσαν
V-PM-3P
They are themselves being
ὦ
V-PSA-1S
I am in potential
ὦμεν
V-PSA-1P
We are in potential
ὦσιν
V-PSA-3P
They are in potential
ὢν
V-PP-NMS
I am being
ὂν
V-PP-NNS
It is being
ὄντα
V-PP-AMS
being me
Give it to “me while I am being”
ὄντας
V-PP-AMP
being us
Give it to “us while we are being”
ὄντες
V-PP-ANP
It is being
Give it to “it while it is being”
ὄντι
V-PP-DMS
ὄντος
V-PP-GMS
I Of being
ὄντων
V-PP-GMP
We of being
οὖσα
V-PP-NFS
οὖσαι
V-PP-NFP
οὖσαν
V-PP-AFS
οὔσῃ
V-PP-DFS
οὔσης
V-PP-GFS
οὖσιν
V-PP-DMP
οὐσῶν
V-PP-GFP
_________________________________________
Original Word: οὐσία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: ousia Phonetic Spelling: (oo-see'-ah) Definition: substance, property Usage: property, wealth, substance.
from ousa (fem. part. of eimi)
from ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν, the participle of εἰμί.
what one has, i. e. property, possessions, estate.
(A. V. substance)
______________________________________
Original Word: ὤν,
Transliteration: ón, ousa, on
Phonetic Spelling: (oan)
Definition: be, come, have.
Types of Theos
VOID - NOTHING - OBLIVION - VACCUM
NIHILISM
Complete Negation of Consciousness
Nothing becomes something.
Something becomes nothing.
Not Essence / Not Accidental Characteristic
No - Not - Negative - Negation - Null - Nullity
Chaos / Chasm
Pure Darkness - Complete Absence of Light
How do you prove it without an observer.
Who proves nothing?
What is nothing?
How is nothing defined?
Consciousness is a reflection of that which is observed. Consciousness would become void if it observed void, creating an infinite cascade of voidness.
Consciousness is a symbol of what is observed.
All memory is a symbol of what is observed.
To observe a memory is at least twice removed from the object observed.
A word is a symbol of an object.
__________________________________________
DENIAL
Deny - Denial - Refute - Rebuke - Refusal.
_________________________________
CONCEALMENT
Hidden by a refusal to take notice, read carefully, study, comprehend and respond.
Hidden in plain sight by another.
Symbolism - Embedded in architecture.
Plausible deniability. Ciphers. Double meaning.
Oral Tradition. One must be initiated. The Keys.
Hidden by lack of coherent easy to read and comprehend instructions.
Hidden in plain sight by oneself thru ignorance.
Inattentive - Slothful - Not discerning - Unwilling.
Hidddn by complexity
Hidden by confusion
Hidden by time, daily work load.
Hidden by resource limitations.
Hidden by distraction, lack of focus.
Hidden by failure to discern priority and importance. Lack of alarm.
Hidden by not knowing where to look.
Hidden by fear, image training.
Hidden by irresponsibility. Believe it’s someone else’s concern.
Unacknowledged - Ignorance
Hidden by bad attitude, malicious intent. Bad goals. Criminal intent.
Hidden by disbelief, hopelessness.
Hidden by a lack of a quality education or access to a good education.
Concealed by disadvantage, lack of privilege and inner circle access.
Accuser - Defamer - Misrepresenter
Fraudster - Con-artist - Perfidy
Trickster god - Court Jester
Madness - Chaos - Chasm
Secret keeper - Concealer.
Misdirector - Misleader - Distractor.
Hubris - Arrogance - Know it all.
Mental Sloth - Laziness - Lack of Discipline.
Lack of Persistence and Perseverance.
_______________________________________
TRANSCENDENCE
What do these words reference?
Transcendence / Immanence
Nomen Ineffable - YHWH
Being itself
Support for the operation of consciousness
Emptiness of Emptiness
Foundational dependency
Choice - spanning past, present and future.
Synesthesia - combining senses
Formlessness
Pure Undifferentiated Potential
Clear Luminosity
Unmoved Mover
Universal Dreamer - Vishnu - Dream Theater
______________________________________
RULES - LAWS OF NATURE
Repetition of form.
Legal forms.
Repetition of behavior.
Bond. Bind. Promise. Oath. Vow.
You can’t obey the rules if you don’t know the rules.
______________________________________
INFINITE WELL SPRING OF LIFE
Abundance theory.
Infinite life and value.
______________________________________
IMMANENCE
Form is Limitation - Condensation.
Divine Creator / Architect / Designer / Author
Dreaming The Dream / Dreamtime
Dream Theater / Stuff dreams are made of.
Thought Theater / Stuff ideas are made from.
Rules = Repetitive form
Cycles
Substance - Clay - Matter
Form - Morphe - Appearances - Change
______________________________________
CESSATION
Universal Fire / Shiva Destroyer of worlds Decomposition Destructive force Desire for renewal - Choice to destroy Wrath / Rage Unbinding - Loosing Breaking promises / Breach of trust. Thanatos / Death From death life is reborn. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Planets - Sungod - Sidereal
Sky Father
Planetary mythology
Time
______________________________________
The Word
The law and its rules and promises depends upon the word and rules of grammar.
The word depends upon human cognition.
The symbol of a words depends upon an objectively observed referent.
Legal Persons, identity and characteristics depend upon words for their existence?
Legal rights depend upon legal persons.
Language
Grammar Rules
Symbol - Referential Object - Symbolic Reference
Graphemes / Phoneme
Meaning
Context
Interpretation
Authors Intent
Multiple meaning words and phrases
Encoded Ciphers - Occult Meaning
Metaphor - Symbolism - Mythology - Analogue
______________________________________
Physics
Mathematical language
Geometry - special math
Calculus - motion math
Abstract theoretical math
Quantum - numbers force a quantum model.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Schrödinger’s cat
Slit experiment
Translational Relativity. Lorenz equation.
Frames of reference.
P.O.V. Observational reference.
Optics - Sensory Organ Influence.
Medium of Communication - causality.
Signal Channels - Sound and light propagation speed influences perception.
______________________________________
Singular concepts - collective concepts
Dreaming
Eternal - Temporal
Heaven - Paradise
Hell - Purgatory - Expiation
Guardian - custodian
Memory - archaic records
Rules - law
Archon - ruler - king - judge
Beginning and end Alpha omega
Set of all sets
Zero point
Pure undifferentiated potential
Unique collective / many one /
Mono genesis
Tri partite
Mind - body - spirits
Giver of life as a gift unmerited
Giver of rights as a gift unprecarious
Polarity - σύζυγος - set extremities
Paradox
Omnipotent
Eternal
Omnibenevolent
______________________________________
IN THE BEGINNING
In the beginning. Ab-Initio. Zero Point. Genesis. Origin. Origin of all Chains of Title.
__________________________________________
PURPOSE OF SUFFERING
Knowledge depends upon a cause to invent or acquire it.
The cause the propels one to seek knowledge is suffering caused by a lack of knowledge.
The disease causes suffering which compels one to seek for a cure or solution to the problem.
Ignorance allows one to be used and abused.
Tried and tested under pressure to reveal true character. Did commitment to change really take place? Or was it just for show? Perfidy to convince another there was no real change of heart and commitment to discipline.
_________________________________________
SINGULARITY
A focus of all acquired knowledge in one point of origin.
A reset.
A refresh.
The end of one cycle and the beginning of a new cycle.
The Royal We.
_____________________________________________
LEGAL PERSON
Book of Life. (Roll containing all possible births)
Preexisting legal person with defined rights.
Place holder name. (John Doe)
Place holder I.D. Number.
One share.
________________________________
WAR IN HEAVEN - DUALISM
_________________________________
DEBT BASED ECONOMY
Earn you way back in.
Good works.
_______________________________
FALL FROM GRACE Justification. Good works economy. Terms of performance. What standard? What’s the target. ? Who is the judge?
______________________________
EXPULSION FROM HEAVEN
Merit to get back in.
Someone else is your judge.
_________________________________
CONFLICT OF BELIEF Division Arms sales. Protection racket. Us against them Elitism. Divide and conquer Hegelian dielectric
________________________________
CENTRALIZED POWER
Tyrant Administrator Legal Entanglements Civil Kill Switches Compartmental Codependence Too big to fail Systemic risk Remove the parasite - It kills the host Inherited wealth, titles etc. Genealogies
Family, House, Church, Monarchy, Corporation, business
τυχαία
ACCIDENTAL ATTRIBUTE
RANDOM - CHANCE - FORTUNE
τυχαία • (tychaía)
randomly
by chance.
τυχαίο γεγονός Hap Happenstance Synonyms for Hap: come aboutfall outgo onhappenoccurpasspass offtake place.
_________________________________________
γεγονός • (gegonós) n (plural γεγονότα)
event, fact, occurrence
ιστορικό γεγονός ― istorikó gegonós ― historical event.
From Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being”).
συμβάν
συμβαίνω
EVENT - OCCURRENCE - HAPPENING
Incident.
συμβαίνω
Happen, occur, take place.
αγώνισμα n (“athletics event”)
εξουσία
AUTHORITY - POWER
εξουσία • (exousía) f (plural εξουσίες)
authority, power (the enforcement of rules etc)
__________________________________________
Original Word: ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: exousia Phonetic Spelling: (ex-oo-see'-ah) Definition: power to act, authority Usage: (a) power, authority, weight, especially: moral authority, influence, (b) in a quasi-personal sense, derived from later Judaism, of a spiritual power, and hence of an earthly power.
1849 eksousía (from 1537 /ek, “out from,” which intensifies 1510 /eimí, “to be, being as a right or privilege”) – authority, conferred power; delegated empowerment (“authorization”), operating in a designated jurisdiction.
In the NT, 1849 /eksousía (“delegated power”) refers to the authority God gives to His saints – authorizing them to act to the extent they are guided by faith (His revealed word).
power of choice, liberty of doing as one pleases; leave or permission.
with a genitive of the thing or the person with regard to which one has the power to decide.
ἐπί τό ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
permission to use the tree of life.
according to his own choice.
ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσία ὑπῆρχεν, i. e. at thy free disposal, Acts 5:4; used of liberty under the gospel, as opposed to the yoke of the Mosaic law.
“physical and mental power; the ability or strength with which one is endued, which he either possesses or exercises”
ποιεῖν ἐξουσίαν to exert power, give exhibitions of power.
ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν (both expressions refer to the ability and weight which Jesus exhibited in his teaching)
the power of authority (influence) and of right.
Delegated authority.
spoken of the authority of an apostle.
divine authority granted to Jesus as Messiah, with the infinitive of the thing to be done.
with the genitive of the person by whom the authority is given, or received.
the power of rule or government (the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed (generally translated authority)
εἰμί ὑπό ἐξουσίαν - I am under authority.
ἐξουσίαν πάσης σαρκός
authority over all flesh - mankind.
ἐπάνω τίνος ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν.
to be ruler over a thing.
specifically, α. of the power of judicial decision; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν with an infinitive of the thing decided.
metonymically, α. a thing subject to authority or rule: Luke 4:6; jurisdiction.
a ruler, human magistrate.
the leading and more powerful among created beings superior to man, spiritual potentates; used in the plural of a certain class of angels.
γίγνομαι
COME INTO BEING - BECOME
CHANGE INTO…
TRANSFORM INTO…
DEVELOP INTO…
(of people) to be born.
(of things) to be produced
(of events) to take place
(followed by a predicate) to become.
(aorist participle) having ceased to be:
former, ex-
ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός
the ex-general
(present participle) something that is due (of payments); regular, normal, usual
Δαρείου καὶ Παρυσάτιδος γίγνονται παῖδες δύο
Darius and Parysatis had two sons born to them.
________________________________________
γένος (“kind”) γένεσις (“origin”) γενεᾱ́ (“descent”) γόνος (“offspring, begetting”) γεννάω (“beget”) -γενής (. ) γενεά f (“generation”) γένεσις f (“birth”) γόνος m (“offspring”) αναγεννώ (“to regenerate”)
________________________________________
γένος • (génos) n (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension
offspring, descendant family, clan nation, race gender (grammar) grammatical gender sex any type or class.
From Proto-Hellenic *génos,
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os (“race”).
Cognates include Latin genus,
Sanskrit जनस् (jánas),
Old Armenian ծին (cin) and
English kin.
Also see γίγνομαι (“I am born”).
____________________________________________
γέννησῐς • (génnēsis) f (genitive γεννήσεως); third declension
producing
a birth
1st cause, unmoved mover.
____________________________________________
γεννᾰ́ω • (gennáō)
to beget, give birth to
to bring forth, produce, generate
-ᾰ́ω
Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē)
____________________________________________
γέννᾰ or γέννᾱ • (génna or génnā) f (genitive γέννης or γέννᾱς); first declension (Poetic)
Ancient Greek
Synonym of γένος (génos)
descent, lineage
origin
offspring, generation
family (children), race
Medieval (Byzantine) Greek: γέννα • (génna) f (genitive γέννας); first declension
childbirth (process of childbearing)
family
(of the Moon, expression) “γέννα τῆς σελήνης (génna tês selḗnēs)”: moonrise (literally: the birth of the Moon)
also see τὰ Γέννα • (tà Génna) n pl (genitive Γέννων); second declension (6th century CE): Christmas
Synonym: τὰ Χριστούγεννα.
γέννα • (génna) f (plural γέννες)
birth (process of childbearing)
The very rare genitive plural “των γεννών”, is either archaic (“τῶν γεννῶν”), or regional demotic, or used for veterinary archives “αρχείο γεννών” (archeío gennón, “archive of births/labours”) while the common “αρχείο γεννήσεων” (archeío genníseon, “archive of births”) has to do with childbirths and registration.
____________________________________________
Χριστούγεννα • (Christoúgenna) n pl
Christmas (Christian holy day)
Χριστός (“Christ”) + γέννα (“birth”)
χριστουγεννιάτικος (“related to Christmas”)
Χριστούγεννα (“Christmas”) + -ιάτικος
(“suffix for adjectives denoting time”).
From adjective suffixes -ιάτ(ης) + -ικος
Like or having the quality or characteristic of…
-ιάτικος • (-iátikos) m
feminine -ιάτικη
neuter -ιάτικο
(forming adjectives) from nouns, denoting sense of time:
where the denoted is suitable or has the characteristics of the original word
Χριστούγεννα (“Christmasl”) + -ιάτικος → χριστουγεννιάτικος (“Christmassy”)
(forming adjectives) where the denoted resembles the original word, without actually owning them
καλοκαίρι (“summer”) + -ιάτικος → καλοκαιριάτικος (“summery e.g. a warm winter day is ‘summery’”)
-άτικα • (-átika)
(adjective) Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of -άτικος.
Suffix for adverbs from neuter plural -άτικα of -άτικος.
-άτικα • (-átika)
(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) added after a noun to create adverbs that indicate something happened at that particular time, often implying amazement or inappropriateness:
κυριακή (kyriakí, “Sunday”) + -άτικα → κυριακάτικα (“on Sunday, of a Sunday (of all times!)”)
-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension
Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic
-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension
Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive
ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”)
Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels
ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”)
ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”)
χριστουγεννιάτικη κάρτα f (“Christmas card”)
____________________________________________
γέννηση • (génnisi) f (plural γεννήσεις)
(medicine) birth
(figuratively) start, inauguration.
From Byzantine Greek γέννηση
from Ancient Greek γέννησις (génnēsis).
____________________________________________
γεννιέμαι • (genniémai) passive (simple past γεννήθηκα, active γεννώ)
be born, originate
____________________________________________
αναγεννώ (“to regenerate”)
ανα- (“re”) + γεννώ (“to give birth”)
Rejuvenate
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
αίτιος
CAUSE - RESPONSIBLE - AUTHOR
BLAME - GUILTY PARTY
ONE WHO COMMITS AN ACT
ONE WHO BREACHES THE TRUST
ONE WHO BREAKS A PROMISE
αίτιος • (aítios) m (feminine αίτια, neuter αίτιο)
responsible for, causative.
αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension
Adjective
causing, being the author of, responsible for
to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable
(substantive) defendant, accused, culprit.
From αἶτος (aîtos, “share”) + -ιος (-ios)
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s
from *h₂ey- (“to give”).
Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta).
from Proto-Indo-European / h₂ey-
*h₂ey-
vital force, life, age, eternity.
*h₂óy-u ~ *h₂y-éw- n (“long time, lifetime”)
_________________________________________
αιωνιότητα (eternity) αιώνιος (he is eternal) αιωνία (she is eternal) αιώνιο (it is eternal) αιώνας m (“century, eon, eternity”) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
αιώνιος • (aiónios) m (feminine αιώνια or αιωνία, neuter αιώνιο)
eternal, everlasting, perpetual
(figuratively) hard-wearing.
HARDWARE
(hard-wearing) - (comparative more hard-wearing, superlative most hard-wearing)
Able to withstand a significant amount of usage without physical deterioration.
________________________________________
αιώνας • (aiónas) m (plural αιώνες)
century (100 consecutive years)
century (specifically a numbered period with conventional start)
Έγινε στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα. ― Égine sta mésa tou 20ou aióna. ― It took place in the middle of the 20th century.
(geology) eon, era, age
Φανεροζωικός αιώνας ― Fanerozoikós aiónas ― Phanerozoic eon
eternity, age, eon
___________________________________________
Synonyms
Aeon
(century): αι. (ai.), αι (ai) (abbreviation)
(eon): μεγααιώνας m (megaaiónas) (geological timescale)
(100 consecutive years): εκατονταετία f (ekatontaetía)
αι. • (ai.) m
Abbreviation of αιώνας (aiónas): century
See also: άι, Άι, αϊ, Αϊ, αἴ, αἱ, and αἵ
__________________________________________
αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity.
From earlier αἰϝών (aiwṓn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”), whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”)
*h₂óyu n (oblique stem *h₂yéw-)
long time, lifetime.
From the root *h₂ey- (vital force, life, age, eternity)
From Celtic: *aiwestom *aiwestom n age lifetime era From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-w-es-to- from *h₂ey- (“age, eternity”).
Thing
REASON - CAUSE - MATTER - COMPLAINT
CONTROVERSY
thing (n.)
Old English þing “meeting, assembly, council, discussion,” later “entity, being, matter”
Subject of deliberation in an assembly.
Also “act, deed, event, material object, body, being, creature”
_________________________________________
The sense “meeting, assembly” did not survive Old English.
For sense evolution compare…
French chose
Spanish cosa “thing,”
Latin causa “judicial process, lawsuit, case;”
Latin res “affair, thing,”
also “case at law, cause.”
_________________________________________
from Proto-Germanic *thinga- “assembly”
Old Frisian thing “assembly, council, suit, matter, thing,”
Middle Dutch dinc “court-day, suit, plea, concern, affair, thing,”
Dutch ding “thing,”
Old High German ding “public assembly for judgment and business, lawsuit,”
German Ding “affair, matter, thing,”
Old Norse þing “public assembly”).
The Germanic word is perhaps literally “appointed time,”
_____________________________________________
from a PIE *tenk- (1)
from root *ten- “stretch,” perhaps on notion of “stretch of time for a meeting or assembly.”
______________________________________________
LATIN - CAUSA
From Vulgar Latin *cosa, from Latin causa.
causa f
thing.
causa (plural causas)
cause (someone or something that causes a result)
Old Latin - caussa cause, reason, purpose case, claim. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SPANISH - COSA
cosa f (plural cose) thing, matter.
cosa
what?
what!
Italian: Cosa Nostra (feminine noun phrase, literally “Our Thing”) Proper noun Cosa Nostra The Sicilian Mafia.
nostro m (plural nostri)
ours, our own
(in the plural) our possessions, friends, relatives etc.
“Nostro Sennor” (“Our Lord”)
nostro m
(formal, Christianity)
First-person possessive pronoun. “Our”
Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin nostrum, accusative of noster (“our”).
Inflected form of nōs (“we”).
nostrum
of us; partitive genitive of nōs
Inflected form of noster (“our, ours”).
from Proto-Italic *nosteros.
*nosteros
“our”
*-teros
Contrastive or oppositional adjectival suffix.
argumentum
argument
ratio, probatio, disceptatio, proelium, praelium
proof
probatio, experimentum, ratio, testimonium, indicium
motif
argumentum
evidence
testimonium, evidentia, indicium, testis, testificatio
theme
lemma, thema, quaestio, materia, materies
subject
subiectum, subjectum, subditus, subiectus, materia
topic
locus, thema, locum, quaestio
plot
insidiae, coniuratio, conspiratio, conspiratus, conjuratio
indication
indicium, signum, index, indicina, meta
indicium
indicium, signum, index, indicina, meta
argumentum
argument, proof, motif, evidence, theme
propositum
goal, purpose, plan, design, thesis
intentio
intention, intent, attention, strain, stretching out
occasio
opportunity, occasion, chance, opportune, time
sanitas
health, sanity, good sense, soundness of mend, soundness of body
ratiocinatio
reasoning, ratiocination, descant, syllogism,calculation
cohaerentia
incoherently, coherence, cohesion, coherency
coniectura
guesswork, guess, inference, hypothesis, supposition
sapientia
wisdom, sapience, good sense, discernment, prudence
deductio
reduction, deduction, eviction, inference, transportation
judicium
judgment, trial, justice, sentence, inquest
cognitio
cognition, knowledge, investigation, recognition, learning
sensus
sense, feeling, thought, understanding, mind
ratio
reason, system, reasoning, argument, account
Ἠθικά
ηθικά
ETHICS
ηθικά • (ithiká)
morally, ethically
Είναι ηθικά δικαιωμένοι. ―
It is morally vindicated. It is morally justified.
κατηγορώ
BLAME
κατηγορώ • (katigoró) (simple past κατηγόρησα, passive κατηγορούμαι)
blame, accuse
(law) accuse, charge.
κατήγορος m or f (“plaintiff”)
κᾰτήγορος ("accuser")
αλληλοκατηγορία f (“recrimination”)
κατηγορουμένη f (“accused, person charged”)
κατηγορούμενο n (“predicative”, noun)
κατηγόρημα n (“predicate”)
κατηγορώ ("to accuse”)
____________________________________________
κᾰτήγορος • (katḗgoros) m (genitive κᾰτηγόρου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
accuser.
From κᾰτᾰ- (“against”) + the root of ᾰ̓γορεύω (“to speak”).
ἀγορεύω • (agoreúō)
to speak in the assembly
to say, speak
to proclaim.
From ἀγορᾱ́ (“assembly”) + -εύω (“denominative verb-forming suffix”).
Synonyms
(say, speak): εἴρω, εἶπον, λέγω.
κᾰτηγορέω • (katēgoréō)
to speak against, especially before judges, to accuse, to denounce publicly.
From κᾰτήγορος + -έω, or from κᾰτᾰ- ( “against”) + ἀγορεύω (“to speak in assembly”).
(with accusative of object) to allege in accusation.
(absolute) to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor.
to signify, indicate, prove.
(in logic) to predicate of a person or thing.
to accuse
before a judge: to make an accusation
of an extra-judicial accusation.
Induce
induce (v.)
formerly also enduce, late 14c., “to lead by persuasions or other influences,” from Latin inducere “lead into, bring in, introduce, conduct; persuade; suppose, imagine,” from in- “into, in, on, upon” (from PIE root *en “in”) + ducere “to lead,” from PIE root *deuk- “to lead.” Meaning “to bring about” in any way (in reference to a trance, a fever, etc.) is from early 15c.; sense of “to infer by reasoning” is from 1560s. Electro-magnetic sense first recorded 1777. Related: Induced; inducing.
*deuk-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to lead.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin dux (genitive ducis) “leader, commander,” in Late Latin “governor of a province,” ducere “to lead;” Old English togian “to pull, drag,” teonteon “to pull, drag;” German Zaum “bridle,” ziehen “to draw, pull, drag;” Middle Welsh dygaf “I draw.”
Deduction Education Adduce Introduce Seduce
Convince
convince (v.)
1520s, “to overcome in argument,” from Latin convincere “to overcome decisively,” from assimilated form of com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + vincere “to conquer” (from nasalized form of PIE root *weik- (3) “to fight, conquer”). Meaning “to firmly persuade or satisfy by argument or evidence” is from c. 1600. Related: Convinced; convincing; convincingly.
*weik- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to fight, conquer.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin victor “a conqueror,” vincere “to conquer, overcome, defeat;” Lithuanian apveikiu, apveikti “to subdue, overcome;” Old Church Slavonic veku “strength, power, age;” Old Norse vigr “able in battle,” Old English wigan “fight;” Welsh gwych “brave, energetic,” Old Irish fichim “I fight,” second element in Celtic Ordovices “those who fight with hammers.”
Query
Conquer
query (n.)
1530s, quaere “a question,” from Latin quaere “ask,” imperative of quaerere “to seek, look for; strive, endeavor, strive to gain; ask, require, demand;” figuratively “seek mentally, seek to learn, make inquiry,” probably ultimately from PIE root *kwo-, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns. Spelling Englished or altered c. 1600 by influence of inquiry.
*kwo-
also *kwi-, Proto-Indo-European root, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kah “who, which;” Avestan ko, Hittite kuish “who;” Latin quis/quid “in what respect, to what extent; how, why,” qua “where, which way,” qui/quae/quod “who, which;” Lithuanian kas “who;” Old Church Slavonic kuto, Russian kto “who;” Old Irish ce, Welsh pwy “who;” Old English hwa, hwæt, hwær, etc.
conquer (v.)
c. 1200, cunquearen, “to achieve” (a task), from Old French conquerre “conquer, defeat, vanquish,” from Vulgar Latin *conquaerere (for Latin conquirere) “to search for, procure by effort, win,” from assimilated form of Latin com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + quaerere “to seek, gain” (see query (v.)).
PA
Pater Father Peter Patron Pattern Pattera
MO
Motion
Mobile
Move
Movement
Morning
Monster
Morbid
STA
Stasis Standard Stay Star Static
χαρακτήρας
χαρακτηριστικός
χαρακτήρες
χαρακτήρων
CHARACTERISTIC - QUALITY - ATTRIBUTE
χαρακτήρας • (charaktíras) m (plural χαρακτήρες)
Noun
character (the qualities which identify a person)
(psychology) character (a person’s behaviours which identify them)
(typography) character, letter, symbol.
Synonym = (letter): γράμμα n (grámma)
χαρακτήρες m pl (“italics, italic characters”)
χαρακτήρων f (“character encoding”)
χαρακτηριστικός • (charaktiristikós) m (feminine χαρακτηριστική, neuter χαρακτηριστικό)
Adjective
characteristic, typical.
Related Terms
χαρακτηριστική ομάδα f (“functional group”)
τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά f pl (“technical specifications”)
χαρακτήρας χαρακτηριστικός χαρακτηριστική χαρακτηριστικό χαρακτηριστικά
χαρακτήρας • nominative χαρακτήρες • genitive χαρακτήρα • accusative - genitive - vocative χαρακτήρων • genitive plural χαρακτήρες • accusative plural χαρακτήρες • vocative plural
______________________________________
χάραξ • (khárax) m or f (genitive χάρᾰκος); third declension Noun pointed stake pole, vine prop Synonym: κάμαξ (kámax) pale used in fortifying the entrenchments of a camp palisade Synonym: σκόλοψ (skólops) cutting, slip a kind of bream of the genus Sargus name of a bandage.
κάμαξ • (kámax) f (genitive κάμᾰκος); third declension Noun vine pole, prop any pole or shaft tiller (in the plural) steering paddles tent pole perch for fowls
πῐ́νᾰξ • (pínax) m (genitive πῐ́νᾰκος); third declension Noun board, plank tablet dish, plate, platter, trencher board, plate, picture table of accounts, register block for sharpening knives
πινακοθήκη
Picture Gallery.
From πίναξ (“tablet”) and -θήκη (“case, box”).
From πίνακ(ας) (“tablet, painting”) + -ο- + -θήκη (“case, holster”).
______________________________________
φύση • (fýsi) f (plural φύσεις)
Noun
Nature.
Physics, Physical, Physicist.
φῠ́σῐς • (phúsis) f (genitive φῠ́σεως); third declension Noun From φῠ́ω (“grow”) + -σῐς -σῐς - abstract noun suffix origin, birth nature, quality, property later, the nature of one's personality: temper, disposition form, shape that which is natural: nature type, kind Nature, as an entity, especially of productive power creature
φῠ́ω • (phúō)
Verb
(transitive) To bring forth, produce, generate, cause to grow
(transitive) To beget, bear, give birth to
(intransitive) To grow, arise, spring up
(intransitive, present tense) to become [+adjective]
(intransitive, aorist and perfect)
(copulative) To be by nature [+adjective]
(intransitive) To be naturally disposed to, prone [+infinitive = to do]
(impersonal) It is natural, happens naturally [+infinitive = that …]
to be one’s natural lot [+dative = someone’s]
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰúyō
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHyéti
from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).
Cognate with Old Armenian բոյս (boys, “plant”)
Sanskrit भवति (bhavati)
Avestan 𐬠𐬎 (bu)
Latin fuī (“I was”)
Old English bēon (English be)
Albanian bëj.
________________________________________
OLD ENGLISH - TO BE
bēon
to be; exist
to become.
The verb “to be” in Old English was suppletive, and used forms from at least three different roots. There were two distinct present stems, for which wesan and bēon were the two infinitive forms. The present bēon was used to express permanent truths (the “gnomic present”), while wesan was used for the present participle and the preterite. They both shared the same past tense forms.
“suppletive” (comparative more suppletive, superlative most suppletive)
(grammar) Inflected by substituting an unrelated form (for example, in English, the adjectival forms good, better, best).
When “went” replaced “gang”, “go” became suppletive.
wesan
(West Saxon) to be, exist.
Proto-Germanic *wesaną to be to remain to exist. From two different Proto-Indo-European roots: The present tense from *h₁ésti, from *h₁es-. The past tense from *h₂wes-.
*h₁ésti (imperfective)
to be.
*h₁es- (imperfective)
to be.
________________________________________
PROPERTY
ιδιοκτησία • (idioktisía) f (plural ιδιοκτησίες)
ownership
property
Η ιδιοκτησία είναι κλοπή
Property is theft
________________________________________
QUALITY - ATTRIBUTE
ποιότητα • (poiótita) f (plural ποιότητες)
Noun
quality, attribute (differentiating property)
κακής ποιότητας ― kakís poiótitas ― shoddy, of poor quality.
From Ancient Greek ποιότης (poiótēs)
equivalent to ποιός (“who”) + -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”).
ποιός • (poiós) m (feminine ποιᾱ́, neuter ποιόν); first/second declension
Adjective
Οf a certain nature, kind or quality.
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷos + -ιος (adjectival suffix).
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷos - *kʷís
who, what (interrogative)
who, which, that (relative)
ποιότης • (poiótēs) f (genitive ποιότητος); third declension
Noun
quality.
πηλῐ́κος • (pēlíkos) m (feminine πηλῐ́κη, neuter πηλῐ́κον); first/second declension Adjective (interrogative) how great (interrogative) of what magnitude (interrogative) of what age
From Latin - quālitās f (genitive quālitātis); third declension
quality, property.
From Latin - quālis (neuter quāle); third declension
Adjective
what (kind, condition, etc.)
(in similes) such… as, such as, as.
Cognate with Ancient Greek πηλίκος (pēlíkos).
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷo- (“interrogative, relative stem”)
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷ-, *kʷos.
*ku-
who
where.
Fro Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”). *h₂el- (imperfective) to grow, nourish. *h₂el- beyond, other.
From ποιός • (poiós) m (feminine ποιᾱ́, neuter ποιόν); first/second declension.
Adjective
Οf a certain nature, kind or quality.
________________________________________
-ότητα • (-ótita) f
Added to an adjective or rarely, another noun, to create an abstract noun; -ity, -ty, -ness, -cy, -ion:
αυστηρός (afstirós, “strict”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → αυστηρότητα (afstirótita, “strictness”)
βέβαιος (vévaios, “sure, certain”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → βεβαιότητα (vevaiótita, “certainty”)
εθνικός (ethnikós, “national”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → εθνικότητα (ethnikótita, “nationality”)
εχθρός (echthrós, “enemy”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → εχθρότητα (echthrótita, “hostility”)
πιθανός (pithanós, “possible”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → πιθανότητα (pithanótita, “possibility”)
ποιος (poios, “who”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → ποιότητα (poiótita, “quality”)
πόσος (pósos, “how much”) + -ότητα (-ótita) → ποσότητα (posótita, “quantity”)
________________________________________
ADJECTIVE (grammar)
επίθετο • (epítheto) n (plural επίθετα)
(grammar) adjective.
επίθετο n (epítheto, “surname”) = family, surname.
Clan, Tribal name, Tuatha.
επώνυμο • (epónymo) n (plural επώνυμα)
surname, family name, last name.
________________________________________
NOUN - NAME
όνομα • (ónoma) n (plural ονόματα)
“Name”
Το όνομά μου είναι Σαμ. ― To ónomá mou eínai Sam. ― My name is Sam.
(figuratively) name, reputation
το καλό όνομα της εταιρείας ― to kaló ónoma tis etaireías ― the company’s good name
(grammar) noun (sensu lato), a word class including substantives (nouns, sensu stricto) and adjectives.
ονομάζω (onomázo, “tο name, to call”)
ονομασία f (onomasía, “naming”)
πρώτο όνομα n (próto ónoma, “first name”)
βαπτιστικό όνομα n (vaptistikó ónoma, “Christian name”)
μεγάλο όνομα n (megálo ónoma, “surname, family name”)
μικρό όνομα n (mikró ónoma, “first name”)
επινοημένος (epinoïménos, “fictional”)
επώνυμο n (epónymo, “surname”)
οικογενειακό όνομα n (oikogeneiakó ónoma, “family name, surname”)
παρωνύμιο n (paronýmio, “folk name”)
πατρικό όνομα n (patrikó ónoma, “maiden name”)
προσωνυμία f (prosonymía, “name, title”)
ψευδώνυμο n (psevdónymo, “alias, pseudonym”)
ουσιαστικό • (ousiastikó) n (plural ουσιαστικά)
(grammar) substantive, noun (sensu stricto)
ουσιαστικοποιώ (ousiastikopoió, “substantivise”)
________________________________________
SUBSTANTIVE
substantive (comparative more substantive, superlative most substantive)
of the essence or essential element of a thing; as, “substantive information”
having substance; enduring; solid; firm; substantial.
(law) applying to essential legal principles and rules of right; as, “substantive law”
Depending on itself; independent.
(grammar) used like a noun substantive
Synonym: substantival.
(military, of a rank or appointment) actually and legally held, as distinct from an acting, temporary or honorary rank or appointment.
substantival (not comparable)
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a substantive.
Of or relating to physical substance; material.
________________________________________
MATERIAL
material (comparative more material, superlative most material)
Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.
This compound has a number of interesting material properties.
Whewell
the material elements of the universe
Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.
Don’t let material concerns get in the way of living a happy life.
Antonym: spiritual
(law, accounting) Significant.
You’ve made several material contributions to this project.
This is the most material fact in this lawsuit.
Evelyn
discourse, which was always material, never trifling
John Locke
I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are most material to our present purpose.
Synonyms
(related to matter): See also Thesaurus:substantial
(worldly): mundane
(significant): See also Thesaurus:pertinent
Antonym: immaterial.
immaterial (comparative more immaterial, superlative most immaterial)
Without matter or substance.
Because ghosts are immaterial, they can pass through walls.
Without physical contact
Objection, Your Honour! The defendant’s criminal record is immaterial to this case.
________________________________________
WORLDLY - MUNDO - BAPTO
Etymology 1 Latin - mundus (feminine munda, neuter mundum); first/second declension Adjective clean, pure; neat nice, fine, elegant, sophisticated decorated, adorned.
From Etruscan 𐌌𐌖𐌈 (muθ, “pit, mundus”).
From Proto-Indo-European *mh₂nd- (“to adorn”) and cognate with Old High German mandag (“joyful, happy, dashing”).
From Proto-Indo-European *muh₂-, *mewh₂- (“to wash, wet”).
Etymology 2 mundus m (genitive mundī); second declension
ornaments, decorations, dress (of a woman)
implement
(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) the universe, the world, esp. the heavens and the heavenly bodies
Sic enim dilexit Deus mundum ut filium suum unigenitum daret ut omnis qui credit in eum non pereat sed habeat vitam aeternam.
For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.
the inhabitants of the earth, mankind
(Medieval Latin) a century
(Medieval Latin) a group of people.
From Latin - mundō (present infinitive mundāre, perfect active mundāvī, supine mundātum)
first conjugation
Verb
I clean or cleanse.
OLD ENGLISH
worold f
world, the earth, a state of existence.
From ƿer/wer + -eald
Old English - ƿer / wer m man, husband, (poetic) hero. source of Latin vir. from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“freeman”). Latvian vīrs (“husband; man”) From vīrs (“man, husband”) + -ietis.
Old English - eald - so literally ‘old age of man’. eald = old, elder comparative - ieldra superlative - ieldest old, ancient, aged Hū eald eart þū? How old are you? Þās sċōs sind ealde and forwerede. These shoes are old and worn out. Cognates presbyter from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, a suffixed form of *al- (“grow, nourish”) corresponding to Latin altus - high, tall deep profound deep-rooted. suffixed form of the root *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”) Compare Proto-Germanic *aldaz, whence English old and world. From altum, supine of alō (“grow”) (participle): Perfect passive participle of alō (“nourish”).
alō (present infinitive alere, perfect active aluī, supine altum or alitum); third conjugation
I foster, nourish
Bellum se ipsum alet. - The war will nourish itself.
I feed, I maintain, I develop
Hominum gratia generatur, aluntur bestiae.
It is for the sake of man that beasts are bred.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi (“grow, nourish”). Related to oleō.
oleō (found only in compounds)
I increase, grow.
From Proto-Italic *oleō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oléye-, the o-grade causative of *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”). Cognate to Latin alō.
Old English - wær
aware, cautious.
From Proto-Germanic *wēraz (“true”)
From Latin vērus ("truth")
Old Irish fír (Irish fíor) "true"
From Proto-Celtic *wīros. "True"
Proto-Germanic - *weraz m
man, husband.
Sanskrit- वीर • (vīrá) m
man, husband, hero.
-ietis, -iete
Added to nouns and adjectives to form masculine (-nieks) or feminine (-niece) nouns referring to people having the properties of the original noun, or living in the place designated by the original noun.
From Middle English world, weoreld, from Old English world, worold, woruld, weorold (“world, age, men, humanity, life, way of life, long period of time, cycle, eternity”), from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz (“lifetime, worldly existence, mankind, age of man, world”), equivalent to wer (“man”) + eld (“age”). Cognate with Scots warld (“world”), Saterland Frisian Waareld (“world”), West Frisian wrâld (“world”), Dutch wereld (“world”), Low German Werld (“world”), German Welt (“world”), Norwegian Bokmål verden (“world”), Norwegian Nynorsk verd (“world”), Swedish värld (“world”), Icelandic veröld (“the world”).
world (countable and uncountable, plural worlds)
(with “the”) Human collective existence; existence in general.
The Universe.
(uncountable, with “the”) The Earth.
(countable) A planet, especially one which is inhabited or inhabitable.
A very large extent of country.
the New World
(fiction, speculation) A realm, such as planet, containing one or multiple societies of beings, specially intelligent ones.
βάπτω Cognates with Greek - βάπτω Original Word: βάπτω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: baptó Phonetic Spelling: (bap'-to) Definition: to dip Usage: (a) I dip, (b) I dye. to dip, dip in, immerse. to dip into dye, to dye, color. A primary verb; to whelm, i.e. Cover wholly with a fluid; in the New Testament only in a qualified or special sense, i.e. (literally) to moisten (a part of one's person), or (by implication) to stain (as with dye) -- dip.
Original Word: βαπτίζω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: baptizó Phonetic Spelling: (bap-tid'-zo) Definition: to dip, sink Usage: lit: I dip, submerge, but specifically of ceremonial dipping; I baptize.
baptízō – properly, “submerge” (Souter); hence, baptize, to immerse (literally, “dip under”). 907 (baptízō) implies submersion (“immersion”), in contrast to 472 /antéxomai (“sprinkle”).
Properly, to dip repeatedly, to immerge, submerge.
To cleanse by dipping or submerging, to wash, to make clean with water; in the middle and 1 aorist passive to wash oneself, bathe.
Metaphorically, to overwhelm.
To inflict great and abounding calamities on one.
To be overwhelmed with calamities, of those who must bear them.
Those who cross a river with difficulty.
An immersion in water, performed as a sign of the removal of sin, and administered to those who, impelled by a desire for salvation, sought admission to the benefits of the Messiah’s kingdom; (for patristic references respecting the mode, ministrant, subjects, etc. of the rite.
The word is used absolutely, to administer the rite of ablution, to baptize.
To allow oneself to be initiated by baptism, to receive baptism.
To bind one to repentance.
To unite together into one body by baptism.
To bring by baptism into fellowship with Christ, into fellowship in his death, by which fellowship we have died to sin.
To imbue richly with the Holy Spirit (just as its large bestowment is called an outpouring)
To overwhelm with fire (those who do not repent), i. e. to subject them to the terrible penalties of hell.
On behalf of the dead, i. e. to promote their eternal salvation by undergoing baptism in their stead.
From a derivative of bapto; to immerse, submerge; to make whelmed (i.e. Fully wet); used only (in the New Testament) of ceremonial ablution, especially (technically) of the ordinance of Christian baptism – Baptist, baptize, wash.
________________________________________
CATEGORY
κατηγόρημα • (katigórima) n (plural - κατηγορήματα) From κατηγορέω (katēgoréō) + -μα (-ma). (linguistics, grammar, logic) predicate. From Ancient Greek κατηγόρημα (Synchronically analysable as κατηγορώ (“to accuse”) + -μα. κᾰτηγόρημᾰ • (katēgórēma) n (genitive κᾰτηγορήμᾰτος); third declension an accusation. a predicate.
κατηγορώ • (katigoró) (simple past κατηγόρησα, passive κατηγορούμαι)
Verb
blame, accuse
(law) accuse, charge.
κᾰτηγορέω • (katēgoréō)
Verb
to speak against, especially before judges, to accuse, to denounce publicly.
From κᾰτήγορος + -έω
or from κᾰτᾰ- (“against”) + ἀγορεύω (“to speak in assembly”).
κᾰτήγορος • (katḗgoros) m (genitive κᾰτηγόρου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
Noun
Plaintiff, Accuser, one who files a complaint.
From κᾰτᾰ- (“against”) + the root of ᾰ̓γορεύω (“to speak”).
κατηγορία From κᾰτηγορέω (“I accuse, speak against”) + -ῐ́ᾱ -ῐ́ᾱ / Added to stems of adjectives. κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱ • (katēgoríā) f (genitive κᾰτηγορῐ́ᾱς); first declension charge, accusation (logic) predication, category. predication, from Latin praedicātiō A proclamation, announcement or preaching. An assertion or affirmation. From Latin - praedicō From prae- (“before, in front”) + dicō (“declare, say”). I proclaim, declare publicly. I announce, make known. I praise, commend, extol. (Ecclesiastical) I preach the gospel. From Latin - dīcō (present infinitive dīcere, perfect active dīxī, supine dictum); third conjugation, irregular I say, utter; mention; talk, speak. I declare, state. I affirm, assert (positively) I tell I appoint (name) to office. I call. (law, followed by ad) I plead (before) I speak in reference to, refer to
ἀγορεύω • (agoreúō) to speak in the assembly to say, speak to proclaim. From ἀγορᾱ́ (“assembly”) + -εύω (“denominative verb-forming suffix”).
ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ • (agorā́) f (genitive ᾰ̓γορᾶς); first declension
assembly, especially an assembly of the people (as opposed to a council, βουλή (boulḗ))
the place of assembly
speech
market
things sold at market, provisions, supplies
sale
the time of market: midday.
From ᾰ̓γείρω (“to gather”) + -η (abstract noun suffix).
ἀγείρω • (ageírō)
to collect, gather.
From Proto-Hellenic *agéřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”). Cognate with Latin grex (“flock, herd”).
*agéřřō
to collect, to gather.
From Pre-Hellenic *h₂gér-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger-.
*h₂ger-
to gather
flock, herd.
κατήγορος m or f (“plaintiff”) αλληλοκατηγορία f (“recrimination”) κατηγορουμένη f (“accused, person charged”) κατηγορούμενο n (“predicative”, noun) κατηγόρημα n (“predicate”) κατηγορώ (“to accuse”)
αλληλοκατηγορία • f (plural αλληλοκατηγορίες)
recrimination.
From αλληλο- (“reciprocal, mutual”) + κατηγορία (“charge”)
________________________________________
ATTRIBUTE
αποδίδω
From ἀπό + δίδω
δίδω • (dído) (simple past έδωσα)
Verb
Alternative form of δίνω (díno)
δίνω • (díno) (simple past έδωσα, passive δίνομαι)
give (pass something; transfer ownership)
give, hold (an event)
δίδωμι • (dídōmi)
I give, present, offer
I grant, allow, permit
(perfect active) to allow; (perfect passive) to be allowed.
From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplicated present of *deh₃- (“to give”).
From Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “from”)
(position): from
ξεκίνησε από το σπίτι ― xekínise apó to spíti ― started from home
(source, origin): from
είμαι από την Ελλάδα ― eímai apó tin Elláda ― I am from Greece
(time): from, at, by, since
θα είμαι εδώ από νωρίς ― tha eímai edó apó norís ― I’ll be early (literally, “I will be here from early”)
(cause): by, with, from
παρασύρθηκε από την οργή ― parasýrthike apó tin orgí ― he was carried away by anger
(measurement): from
από 25 ως 28 βαθμούς ― apó 25 os 28 vathmoús ― from 25 to 28 degrees
(state): from
έγινε από φιλόλογος προγραμματιστής ― égine apó filólogos programmatistís ― he changed from philologist into programmer
(arithmetic): out of, from
προσελήφθησαν οι τρεις από τους πέντε υποψηφίους ― proselífthisan oi treis apó tous pénte ypopsifíous ― three out of five applicants were taken on.
at·trib·ute
verb
/əˈtriˌbyo͞ot/
1.
regard something as being caused by (someone or something).
“he attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director”
synonyms: ascribe, assign, accredit, credit, impute, allot, allocate; More
noun
/ˈatrəˌbyo͞ot/
1.
a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
“flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of our army”
synonyms: quality, feature, characteristic, trait, element, aspect, property, hallmark, mark, distinction, sign, telltale sign, sure sign; More
2.
COMPUTING
a piece of information which determines the properties of a field or tag in a database or a string of characters in a display.
attribute (v.)
late 14c., “assign, bestow,” from Latin attributus, past participle of attribuere “assign to, allot, commit, entrust;” figuratively “to attribute, ascribe, impute,” from assimilated form of ad “to” (see ad-) + tribuere “assign, give, bestow” (see tribute). Related: Attributed; attributing.
attribute (n.)
“quality ascribed to someone, distinguishing mark (especially an excellent or lofty one),” late 14c., from Latin attributum “anything attributed,” in grammar, “predicate,” noun use of neuter of attributus, past participle of attribuere “assign, allot; ascribe, impute” (see attribute (v.)). Distinguished from the verb by having stress on the first syllable.
tribute (n.)
mid-14c., “stated sum of money or other valuable consideration paid by one ruler or country to another in acknowledgment of submission or as the price of peace or protection,” from Anglo-French tribute, Old French tribut and directly from Latin tributum “tribute, a stated payment, a thing contributed or paid,” noun use of neuter of tributus, past participle of tribuere “to pay, assign, grant,” also “allot among the tribes or to a tribe,” from tribus (see tribe). Sense of “offering, gift, token” is first recorded 1580s.
tribe (n.)
mid-13c., “one of the twelve divisions of the ancient Hebrews,” from Old French tribu or directly from Latin tribus “one of the three political/ethnic divisions of the original Roman state” (Tites, Ramnes, and Luceres, corresponding, perhaps, to the Latins, Sabines, and Etruscans), later, one of the 30 political divisions instituted by Servius Tullius (increased to 35 in 241 B.C.E.), of unknown origin. Perhaps from tri- “three” + *bheue-, root of the verb be. Others connect the word with the PIE root *treb- “a dwelling” (see tavern).
In the Biblical sense, which was the original one in English, the Latin word translates Greek phyle “race or tribe of men, body of men united by ties of blood and descent, a clan” (see phylo-). Extension to modern ethnic groups or races of people is from 1590s, specifically “a division of a barbarous race of people, usually distinguishable in some way from their congeners, united into a community under a recognized head or chief” [Century Dictionary], but colloquially of any aggregate of individuals of a kind.
phylo-
before vowels phyl-, word-forming element from Greek phylon, phyle “a tribe,” also “a political subdivision in ancient Athens,” from base of phyein “to bring forth, produce, make to grow,” whence also physis “nature” (from PIE root *bheue- “to be, exist, grow”).
*bheue-
*bheuə-, also *bheu-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to be, exist, grow.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit bhavah “becoming,” bhavati “becomes, happens,” bhumih “earth, world;” Greek phyein “to bring forth, make grow,” phytos, phyton “a plant,” physis “growth, nature,” phylon “tribe, class, race,” phyle “tribe, clan;” Old English beon “be, exist, come to be, become, happen;” Old Church Slavonic byti “be,” Greek phu- “become,” Old Irish bi’u “I am,” Lithuanian būti “to be,” Russian byt’ “to be.”
It forms all or part of: Bauhaus; be; beam; Boer; bondage; boodle; boom (n.1) “long pole;” boor; booth; bound (adj.2) “ready to go;” bower; bowery; build; bumpkin; busk; bustle (v.) “be active;” byre; bylaw; Eisteddfod; Euphues; fiat; forebear; future; husband; imp; Monophysite; neighbor; neophyte; phyletic; phylo-; phylum; phylogeny; physic; physico-; physics; physio-; physique; -phyte; phyto-; symphysis.
________________________________________
IDIOMA
ιδιώτης • (idiótis) m (plural ιδιώτες)
private individual
(medicine) person with learning difficulties, mentally handicapped person.
ῐ̓δῐώτης • (idiṓtēs) m (genitive ῐ̓δῐώτου); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
Noun
a private person, one not engaged in public affairs
a private soldier, as opposed to a general
(adjectival use) private, homely
commoner, plebeian
uneducated person, layman, amateur
one who is not in the know, an outsider
an ignorant person, idiot
one who is awkward, clumsy
(in the plural) one’s countrymen.
From ἴδιος (“one’s own, private”) + -ώτης
ῐ̓́δῐος • (ídios) m (feminine ῐ̓δῐ́ᾱ, neuter ῐ̓́δῐον); first/second declension Adjective pertaining to self, that is, one's own private (as opposed to public) related to separate, distinct peculiar, specific, appropriate.
From ἕ (hé) + -δ- (-d-, connecting consonant) + -ιος (-ios, adjectival suffix).
ἕ • (hé)
accusative of οὗ (hoû): him
οὗ • (hoû)
Pronoun
him, her, it.
Accusative ἕ (hé) apparently from Proto-Hellenic *hwe = ϝ̔ε, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“reflexive pronoun”).
*swé
self (reflexive pronoun)
ὅς (hós) means “my own” or “your own”
ὅς • (hós) m, ἥ f (hḗ), ὅ n (hó)
(in Homeric Greek, often demonstrative pronoun) this
(relative) who, which, that.
οἷος • (hoîos) (feminine οἵᾱ, neuter οἷον)
Determiner
relative adjective of quality such as; what sort, manner, kind of.
From ὅς (hós, relative pronoun) + -ιος (-ios, adjectival suffix).
From Proto-Indo-European *yós, *yéh₂, *yód (“who, which”),
________________________________________
λέξη
WORD
λέξη • (léxi) f (plural λέξεις)
Noun
word, term (linguistic unit)
{Synonyms: λόγος - κουβέντα}
From Ancient Greek λέξις (“word, speech”)
κουβέντα
CHATTER
κουβέντα • (kouvénta) f (plural κουβέντες)
chat, conversation, talk
Είχαμε μια σύντομη κουβέντα. ― Eíchame mia sýntomi kouvénta. ― We had a short chat.
word, phrase
Synonym: λέξη (léxi)
From Byzantine Greek κομβέντον (kombénton, “meeting, convention”)/κομβέντος (kombéntos), from Latin conventus.
κουβεντούλα f (diminutive)
κουβεντολόι n (“chatter, natter, jabber”)
Latin - conventus m (feminine conventa, neuter conventum); first/second declension
convened, assembled, having been convened.
accosted, having been accosted.
Perfect passive participle of conveniō (“convene, assemble”).
conveniō (present infinitive convenīre, perfect active convēnī, supine conventum); fourth conjugation
From con- (“with, together”) + veniō (“come”).
I convene, assemble, meet together.
I accost.
I fit, am suited.
I am agreed (Ex: convenit inter omnīs ut, it is agreed by all that)
λέξῐς
A SAYING - A SPEACH - A PHRAZE
λέξῐς • (léxis) f (genitive λέξεως); third declension
Noun
a saying, speech
a way of speaking, diction, style
word, phrase
explanation
(grammar) a word peculiar in form or significance.
From λέγω (“speak”) + -σῐς
SUFFIX
-σῐς
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process
λέω
TO SAY - TO SPEAK - TO TELL
λέω • (léo) (simple past είπα, passive λέγομαι)
Verb
(most senses) say, tell
Tο παιδί είπε την πρώτη του λέξη. ― To paidí eípe tin próti tou léxi. ― The child said his first word.
Ο διευθυντής μου είπε ότι πρέπει να τελειώνουμε. ― O diefthyntís mou eípe óti prépei na teleiónoume. ― The director told me that we should finish.
(transitive) discuss, converse
Τα λένε μεταξύ τους. ― Ta léne metaxý tous. ― They are discussing.
Καιρό έχουμε να τα πούμε. ― Kairó échoume na ta poúme. ― It’s been a while since we talked.
recite, tell, recount, sing (a poem, song, etc)
Το παιδάκι είπε ένα τραγούδι. ― To paidáki eípe éna tragoúdi. ― The child sang a song.
Να τα πούμε; ― Na ta poúme? ― Shall we sing them? (phrase used by Greek children carolling door to door around the New Year)
(often in imperative) suppose, imagine (a hypothetical scenario)
Λέμε τώρα, αν γινόταν πόλεμος. ― Léme tóra, an ginótan pólemos. ― We’re supposing now, if there were a war.
Πες πώς κάτι γινόταν. Τι θα έκανες; ― Pes pós káti ginótan. Ti tha ékanes? ― Let’s say something happened. What would you do?
(intransitive, often with για) refer to, talk about
Λες για τον φίλο σου τώρα; ― Les gia ton fílo sou tóra? ― Are you talking about your friend now?
(transitive) mean, say (to clarify etc)
Θέλω να πω ότι δεν είναι τόσο απλά τα πράγματα. ― Thélo na po óti den eínai tóso aplá ta prágmata. ― I mean that things aren’t that simple.
Τι θα πει, «ξέχασα τις ασκήσεις μου»; ― Ti tha pei, «xéchasa tis askíseis mou»? ― What do you mean, “I forgot my homework”?
(intransitive, figuratively) remind of, mean something to
Αυτό το όνομα δε μου λέει τίποτα. ― Aftó to ónoma de mou léei típota. ― That name means nothing to me.
(intransitive, figuratively) be any good, be worth anything
Λέει τίποτα αυτό το κομπιούτερ; ― Léei típota aftó to kompioúter? ― Is this computer any good?
(intransitive) suggest, advise
Λέω να πάμε μια βόλτα. ― Léo na páme mia vólta. ― I say that we should go for a walk.
(transitive) call (name someone or something)
Με λένε Γιώργο. ― Me léne Giórgo. ― I am called Giorgos.
Τον είπα βλάκα. ― Ton eípa vláka. ― I called him a fool.
used with δεν, indicates something is slow to come:
Αυτή η μέρα δεν λέει να τελειώσει. ― Aftí i méra den léei na teleiósei. ― This day doesn’t want to end.
(intransitive, often with να) think (something will happen)
Λες να μας προδώσει; ― Les na mas prodósei? ― Do you think he’ll betray us?
(transitive, colloquial) read, explain (fortell using cards etc.)
_________________________________
αγριομιλώ (agriomiló, “to speak harshly”)
Μιλάτε αγγλικά; (Miláte angliká?, “Do you speak English?”)†
Μιλάς αγγλικά; (Milás angliká?, “Do you speak English?”)†
Μιλάτε πιο σιγά, παρακαλώ. (Miláte pio sigá, parakaló., “Please speak more slowly.”)
μιλώ
μιλάω
μίλησα
SPEAK - TALK
μιλώ • (miló) (simple past μίλησα, passive μιλιέμαι)
Verb
(most senses) speak, talk.
μιλάω • (miláo)
simple past μίλησα
Verb
Alternative form of μιλώ (miló)
___________________________________
Ας μιλάμε στον ενικό! ― As miláme ston enikó! ― Let’s talk in the singular!
Μιλάτε αγγλικά; ― Miláte angliká? ― Do you speak English?
(intransitive, in passive) have friendly relations, be on speaking terms
Για κάποιο λόγο, δε μιλιούνται μεταξύ τους. ― Gia kápoio lógo, de milioúntai metaxý tous. ― For some reason, they don’t have friendly relations.
