ARGUMENT - LOGIC Flashcards
πειθ
πείθω
μεταπείθω
I PERSUADE - CONVINCE
πειθ
Stems πειθ-
From Proto-Hellenic - *péitʰō
to believe, to trust
to obey
to convince, to persuade.
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti.
*bʰéydʰeti (imperfective)
to trust.
Thematic root verb of the root *bʰeydʰ-
Proto-Indo-European / bʰeydʰ-
*bʰeydʰ- (imperfective)
to compel, force
to trust.
Similar to…
Italic: *feiðos
Latin: fīdus
Proto-Italic / feiðos *feiðos faithful, reliable. *feiðō trust.
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πείθομαι - passive
πείστηκα - simple past
πείθω - active
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persuade (v.)
1510s, from Middle French persuader (14c.),
from Latin persuadere “to bring over by talking,”
(see persuasion). Related: Persuaded; persuading.
persuasion (n.)
late 14c., “action of inducing (someone) to believe (something)
argument to persuade, inducement.
from Old French persuasion (14c.) and directly
from Latin persuasionem “a convincing, persuading,”
noun of action from past participle stem of persuadere “persuade, convince,”
from per “thoroughly, strongly” (see per) + suadere “to urge, persuade,”
from PIE root *swād- “sweet, pleasant” (see sweet (adj.)).
Meaning “religious belief, creed” is from 1620s.
suādeō (present infinitive suādēre, perfect active suāsī, supine suāsum); second conjugation
I recommend, advise.
I urge, exhort; I suade, persuade.
I advocate, promote, support, recommend.
From Proto-Italic *swādēō from Proto-Indo-European *swoh₂déye- from *sweh₂d- *swādēō to recommend, to advise. *sweh₂d- Sweet.
From ἥδομαι • (hḗdomai)
to be pleased, enjoy oneself.
from Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂d- (“sweet”).
In Greek mythology, Peitho (Ancient Greek: Πειθώ, romanized: Peithō, lit. ‘Persuasion’) is the goddess who personifies persuasion and seduction. Her Roman name is Suadela or Suada.
Suadela
In Roman mythology, Suadela (or Suada) was a goddess of persuasion, particularly in romance, seduction and love. Her opposite is Bia, the personification of force.
She was strongly associated with Venus.
Her Greek name was Peitho.
Sometimes she is associated with or counted as one of the Graces.
The Moralia (Ancient Greek: Ἠθικά Ethika; loosely translated as “Morals” or “Matters relating to customs and mores”) of the 1st-century Greek scholar Plutarch of Chaeronea is an eclectic collection of 78 essays and transcribed speeches. They provide insights into Roman and Greek life, but often are also timeless observations in their own right.
Bia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Bia (/ˈbaɪə/; Ancient Greek: Βία means “power, force, might”) was the personification of force, anger and raw energy.
βία
βῐ́ᾱς
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win”). Cognate with Sanskrit ज्या (jyā́, “overwhelming force; power; vanquishing”), जय (jayá, “victory”).
βῐ́ᾱ • (bíā) f (genitive βῐ́ᾱς); first declension
bodily strength, force
act of violence
βιάζω
From Ancient Greek βιάζω (“to use violence, to force”).
The forced sexual intercourse sense is from Byzantine Greek.
(transitive) rape, violate, ravish (to force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity without consent)
(figuratively) rape (to plunder, to destroy or despoil)
βιασμός m (“rape-ism”)
βιαστής m (“rapist”)
βιαστικός (“rapacious, hurried, hasty”)
βιασύνη f (rush, hurry, haste”)
-σύνη
Forms abstract nouns from adjectives or nouns.
βιασμός • (viasmós) m (plural βιασμοί)
rape
βιαστής • (viastís) m (plural βιαστές)
Noun
rapist, raper
From Byzantine Greek βιαστής (biastḗs), equivalent to βια (to rape”) + -στής ( “-ist, -er”).
βιάζομαι • (viázomai) passive simple past βιάστηκα, active βιάζω Verb hurry, be in a hurry
βιάζομαι (“to be hurried, to be raped”)
βιαστικός • (viastikós) m (feminine βιαστική, neuter βιαστικό)
Adjective
panicked
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ENGLISH - TRUST
Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality.
Dependence upon something in the future; hope.
Confidence in the future payment for goods or services supplied; credit.
That which is committed or entrusted; something received in confidence; a charge.
That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope.
The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office.
(law) The confidence vested in a person who has legal ownership of a property to manage for the benefit of another.
(law) An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another.
A group of businessmen or traders organised for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees.
(computing) Affirmation of the access rights of a user of a computer system.
(Synonyms ) belief confidence expectation faith hope
From Proto-Indo-European *deru- (“be firm, hard, solid”).
Proto-Germanic/ traustą *traustą shelter help; aid trust; confidence; alliance.
From *traustaz (“firm, strong”)
from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew-, *drū- (“to be firm, hard, solid; tree”).
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OLD ENGLISH - FAITH
from fidēs (“faith, loyalty”)
fealty
(countable and uncountable, plural fealties)
Fidelity to one’s lord or master; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord
Synonyms: fidelity, allegiance, faithfulness
The oath by which this obligation was assumed.
Anglo-Norman
feelté f (oblique plural feeltez, nominative singular feelté, nominative plural feeltez)
allegiance; loyalty.
loyalty (countable and uncountable, plural loyalties)
The state of being loyal; fidelity.
Faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation.
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ENGLISH - LOYAL
From - loi
(oblique plural lois, nominative singular loi, nominative plural lois)
law
rule; regulation.
From earlier lei,
from Latin lēgem, accusative singular of lēx.
lēx f (genitive lēgis); third declension
a proposition or motion for a law made to the people by a magistrate, a bill
(figuratively) a bill which has become a law, a law.
(figuratively) a precept, regulation, principle, rule, mode, manner
(figuratively) a contract, agreement, covenant
(figuratively) a condition, stipulation.
from *legʰ- (“to lie, to be in resting position”)
From Proto-Italic *lēg-
from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-s
root nomen actionis from *leǵ- (“to gather”),
whence legō.
I choose, select, appoint.
I collect, gather, bring together
I read.
Ancient Greek λέγω (“I speak, I choose, I mean”)
λέγω • (légō)
I put in order, arrange, gather
I choose, count, reckon.
*leǵ- (imperfective)
to gather, collect, with derivatives meaning to speak.
Proto-Indo-European/ les-
*les- (imperfective)
to gather, to collect.
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fīdō (present infinitive fīdere, perfect active fīsus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent
I trust, put confidence in
I rely upon.
Cognate to fidēs (“faith”) and
Proto-Germanic *bīdaną.
Latin - fidēs f (genitive fideī); fifth declension
faith, belief
reliance
confidence, trust.
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English - Faith
An obligation of loyalty or fidelity and the observance of such an obligation.
A trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal.
(obsolete) Credibility or truth.
(Synonyms )
(knowing, without direct observation, based on indirect evidence and experience, that something is true, real, or will happen): belief, confidence, trust, conviction, certain outcome will come to pass.
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Related/ Old English - Bide
(transitive, chiefly dialectal) To bear; to endure; to tolerate.
(intransitive, archaic or dialectal) To dwell or reside in a location; to abide.
(intransitive, archaic or dialectal) To wait; to be in expectation; to stay; to remain.
(to bear): put up with.
(to wait): stand by.
Abide
From Middle English abiden.
from Old English ābīdan (“to abide, wait, remain, delay, remain behind; survive; wait for, await; expect”)
from Proto-Germanic *uzbīdaną (“to expect, tolerate”),
(transitive) To endure without yielding; to withstand; await defiantly; to encounter; to persevere. [from mid-12th century]
(transitive) To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with; stand.
(transitive) To pay for; to stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for; to atone for. [from late 16th century]
Used in a phrasal verb: abide by (“to accept and act in accordance with”).
(intransitive, obsolete) To wait in expectation. [from mid-12th to mid-17th century]
(intransitive, archaic) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left.
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πείθω • (peíthō)
(active)
I convince, persuade.
I succeed through entreaty.
I mislead.
I bribe.
I tempt.
I believe, trust in.
I trust, rely on (with dative of person or thing)
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πειστικός • (peistikós) m (feminine πειστική, neuter πειστικό)
persuasive, convincing.
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πεῖσῐς • (peîsis) f (genitive πείσεως); third declension
persuasion
From πείθω (“I persuade”) + -σῐς
-σῐς
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
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ἀπειθέω • (apeithéō)
to disobey, unconvinced, unwilling.
ἀ- (“un-”) + πειθ- (“obey”) + -έω
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μεταπείθω • (metapeítho)
I dissuade, I bring round
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Πείσᾰνδρος
A male given name.
Compound of πείθω (“to convince”) + ἀνήρ (“a man”).
Ontology
BEING
Essential Attributes
Accidental Attributes.
I am - ειμαι
I was - ήμουν
I will be - θα γίνω
Becoming - γίνομαι
Exist - υπάρχω
Substance - οὐσία
Matter -
Form -
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Original Word: οὐσία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: ousia Phonetic Spelling: (oo-see'-ah) Definition: substance, property Usage: property, wealth, substance.
from ousa (fem. part. of eimi)
οὖσα • (oûsa)
feminine nominative and vocative singular of ὤν.
οὖσαι • (oûsai)
nominative and vocative feminine plural of ὤν.
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ᾖ
V-PSA-3S
Might be, may possibly be.
ἦν
He is/was being
V-II-3S
ἤμην
V-II-1S
I was being
ἦμεν
V-II-1P
We were being
ἤμεθα
V-II-1P
We have been
ἦς
V-II-2S
You were
ἦσαν
V-II-3P
They were
ἦσθα
V-II-2S
You were
ἦτε
V-II-2P
Y’ll were
ἤτω
V-PM-3S (present middle)
I am myself being
εἴη
V-PO-3S (present optative)
Might be, hopefully be, wish to be.
εἰμὶ
V-PI-1S
I am
εἶναι
V-PI-2S
You are
εἰσίν
V-PI-3P
They are
ἔσῃ
V-FI-2S
You will be
ἔσεσθαι
V-FI (future Infinitive)
To be
ἔσεσθε
V-FI-2P
Y’ll will be
Εἰ - εἰ
Conj
If being
ἐσμεν
V-PI-1P (present indicative)
We are
ἔσομαι
V-FI-1S
I myself will be
ἐσόμενον
V-FP-ANS (future participle, accusative neuter)
His/Him - will be being
ἔσται
V-FI-3S
He will be being
ἐσόμεθα
V-FI-1P
We will be being
ἔσονται
V-FI-3P
They will be being
ἐστιν / ἐστί
V-PI-3S
He is being
ἴσθι
V-PM-2S
You yourself are being
ἔστω
V-PM-3S
He himself is being
Ἔστωσαν
V-PM-3P
They are themselves being
ὦ
V-PSA-1S
I am in potential
ὦμεν
V-PSA-1P
We are in potential
ὦσιν
V-PSA-3P
They are in potential
ὢν
V-PP-NMS
I am being
ὂν
V-PP-NNS
It is being
ὄντα
V-PP-AMS
being me
Give it to “me while I am being”
ὄντας
V-PP-AMP
being us
Give it to “us while we are being”
ὄντες
V-PP-ANP
It is being
Give it to “it while it is being”
ὄντι
V-PP-DMS
ὄντος
V-PP-GMS
I Of being
ὄντων
V-PP-GMP
We of being
οὖσα
V-PP-NFS
οὖσαι
V-PP-NFP
οὖσαν
V-PP-AFS
οὔσῃ
V-PP-DFS
οὔσης
V-PP-GFS
οὖσιν
V-PP-DMP
οὐσῶν
V-PP-GFP
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Original Word: οὐσία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: ousia Phonetic Spelling: (oo-see'-ah) Definition: substance, property Usage: property, wealth, substance.
from ousa (fem. part. of eimi)
from ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν, the participle of εἰμί.
what one has, i. e. property, possessions, estate.
(A. V. substance)
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Original Word: ὤν,
Transliteration: ón, ousa, on
Phonetic Spelling: (oan)
Definition: be, come, have.
Types of Theos
VOID - NOTHING - OBLIVION - VACCUM
NIHILISM
Complete Negation of Consciousness
Nothing becomes something.
Something becomes nothing.
Not Essence / Not Accidental Characteristic
No - Not - Negative - Negation - Null - Nullity
Chaos / Chasm
Pure Darkness - Complete Absence of Light
How do you prove it without an observer.
Who proves nothing?
What is nothing?
How is nothing defined?
Consciousness is a reflection of that which is observed. Consciousness would become void if it observed void, creating an infinite cascade of voidness.
Consciousness is a symbol of what is observed.
All memory is a symbol of what is observed.
To observe a memory is at least twice removed from the object observed.
A word is a symbol of an object.
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DENIAL
Deny - Denial - Refute - Rebuke - Refusal.
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CONCEALMENT
Hidden by a refusal to take notice, read carefully, study, comprehend and respond.
Hidden in plain sight by another.
Symbolism - Embedded in architecture.
Plausible deniability. Ciphers. Double meaning.
Oral Tradition. One must be initiated. The Keys.
Hidden by lack of coherent easy to read and comprehend instructions.
Hidden in plain sight by oneself thru ignorance.
Inattentive - Slothful - Not discerning - Unwilling.
Hidddn by complexity
Hidden by confusion
Hidden by time, daily work load.
Hidden by resource limitations.
Hidden by distraction, lack of focus.
Hidden by failure to discern priority and importance. Lack of alarm.
Hidden by not knowing where to look.
Hidden by fear, image training.
Hidden by irresponsibility. Believe it’s someone else’s concern.
Unacknowledged - Ignorance
Hidden by bad attitude, malicious intent. Bad goals. Criminal intent.
Hidden by disbelief, hopelessness.
Hidden by a lack of a quality education or access to a good education.
Concealed by disadvantage, lack of privilege and inner circle access.
Accuser - Defamer - Misrepresenter
Fraudster - Con-artist - Perfidy
Trickster god - Court Jester
Madness - Chaos - Chasm
Secret keeper - Concealer.
Misdirector - Misleader - Distractor.
Hubris - Arrogance - Know it all.
Mental Sloth - Laziness - Lack of Discipline.
Lack of Persistence and Perseverance.
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TRANSCENDENCE
What do these words reference?
Transcendence / Immanence
Nomen Ineffable - YHWH
Being itself
Support for the operation of consciousness
Emptiness of Emptiness
Foundational dependency
Choice - spanning past, present and future.
Synesthesia - combining senses
Formlessness
Pure Undifferentiated Potential
Clear Luminosity
Unmoved Mover
Universal Dreamer - Vishnu - Dream Theater
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RULES - LAWS OF NATURE
Repetition of form.
Legal forms.
Repetition of behavior.
Bond. Bind. Promise. Oath. Vow.
You can’t obey the rules if you don’t know the rules.
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INFINITE WELL SPRING OF LIFE
Abundance theory.
Infinite life and value.
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IMMANENCE
Form is Limitation - Condensation.
Divine Creator / Architect / Designer / Author
Dreaming The Dream / Dreamtime
Dream Theater / Stuff dreams are made of.
Thought Theater / Stuff ideas are made from.
Rules = Repetitive form
Cycles
Substance - Clay - Matter
Form - Morphe - Appearances - Change
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CESSATION
Universal Fire / Shiva Destroyer of worlds Decomposition Destructive force Desire for renewal - Choice to destroy Wrath / Rage Unbinding - Loosing Breaking promises / Breach of trust. Thanatos / Death From death life is reborn. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Planets - Sungod - Sidereal
Sky Father
Planetary mythology
Time
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The Word
The law and its rules and promises depends upon the word and rules of grammar.
The word depends upon human cognition.
The symbol of a words depends upon an objectively observed referent.
Legal Persons, identity and characteristics depend upon words for their existence?
Legal rights depend upon legal persons.
Language
Grammar Rules
Symbol - Referential Object - Symbolic Reference
Graphemes / Phoneme
Meaning
Context
Interpretation
Authors Intent
Multiple meaning words and phrases
Encoded Ciphers - Occult Meaning
Metaphor - Symbolism - Mythology - Analogue
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Physics
Mathematical language
Geometry - special math
Calculus - motion math
Abstract theoretical math
Quantum - numbers force a quantum model.
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Schrödinger’s cat
Slit experiment
Translational Relativity. Lorenz equation.
Frames of reference.
P.O.V. Observational reference.
Optics - Sensory Organ Influence.
Medium of Communication - causality.
Signal Channels - Sound and light propagation speed influences perception.
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Singular concepts - collective concepts
Dreaming
Eternal - Temporal
Heaven - Paradise
Hell - Purgatory - Expiation
Guardian - custodian
Memory - archaic records
Rules - law
Archon - ruler - king - judge
Beginning and end Alpha omega
Set of all sets
Zero point
Pure undifferentiated potential
Unique collective / many one /
Mono genesis
Tri partite
Mind - body - spirits
Giver of life as a gift unmerited
Giver of rights as a gift unprecarious
Polarity - σύζυγος - set extremities
Paradox
Omnipotent
Eternal
Omnibenevolent
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IN THE BEGINNING
In the beginning. Ab-Initio. Zero Point. Genesis. Origin. Origin of all Chains of Title.
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PURPOSE OF SUFFERING
Knowledge depends upon a cause to invent or acquire it.
The cause the propels one to seek knowledge is suffering caused by a lack of knowledge.
The disease causes suffering which compels one to seek for a cure or solution to the problem.
Ignorance allows one to be used and abused.
Tried and tested under pressure to reveal true character. Did commitment to change really take place? Or was it just for show? Perfidy to convince another there was no real change of heart and commitment to discipline.
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SINGULARITY
A focus of all acquired knowledge in one point of origin.
A reset.
A refresh.
The end of one cycle and the beginning of a new cycle.
The Royal We.
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LEGAL PERSON
Book of Life. (Roll containing all possible births)
Preexisting legal person with defined rights.
Place holder name. (John Doe)
Place holder I.D. Number.
One share.
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WAR IN HEAVEN - DUALISM
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DEBT BASED ECONOMY
Earn you way back in.
Good works.
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FALL FROM GRACE Justification. Good works economy. Terms of performance. What standard? What’s the target. ? Who is the judge?
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EXPULSION FROM HEAVEN
Merit to get back in.
Someone else is your judge.
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CONFLICT OF BELIEF Division Arms sales. Protection racket. Us against them Elitism. Divide and conquer Hegelian dielectric
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CENTRALIZED POWER
Tyrant Administrator Legal Entanglements Civil Kill Switches Compartmental Codependence Too big to fail Systemic risk Remove the parasite - It kills the host Inherited wealth, titles etc. Genealogies
Family, House, Church, Monarchy, Corporation, business
τυχαία
ACCIDENTAL ATTRIBUTE
RANDOM - CHANCE - FORTUNE
τυχαία • (tychaía)
randomly
by chance.
τυχαίο γεγονός Hap Happenstance Synonyms for Hap: come aboutfall outgo onhappenoccurpasspass offtake place.
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γεγονός • (gegonós) n (plural γεγονότα)
event, fact, occurrence
ιστορικό γεγονός ― istorikó gegonós ― historical event.
From Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being”).
συμβάν
συμβαίνω
EVENT - OCCURRENCE - HAPPENING
Incident.
συμβαίνω
Happen, occur, take place.
αγώνισμα n (“athletics event”)
εξουσία
AUTHORITY - POWER
εξουσία • (exousía) f (plural εξουσίες)
authority, power (the enforcement of rules etc)
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Original Word: ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: exousia Phonetic Spelling: (ex-oo-see'-ah) Definition: power to act, authority Usage: (a) power, authority, weight, especially: moral authority, influence, (b) in a quasi-personal sense, derived from later Judaism, of a spiritual power, and hence of an earthly power.
1849 eksousía (from 1537 /ek, “out from,” which intensifies 1510 /eimí, “to be, being as a right or privilege”) – authority, conferred power; delegated empowerment (“authorization”), operating in a designated jurisdiction.
In the NT, 1849 /eksousía (“delegated power”) refers to the authority God gives to His saints – authorizing them to act to the extent they are guided by faith (His revealed word).
power of choice, liberty of doing as one pleases; leave or permission.
with a genitive of the thing or the person with regard to which one has the power to decide.
ἐπί τό ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
permission to use the tree of life.
according to his own choice.
ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσία ὑπῆρχεν, i. e. at thy free disposal, Acts 5:4; used of liberty under the gospel, as opposed to the yoke of the Mosaic law.
“physical and mental power; the ability or strength with which one is endued, which he either possesses or exercises”
ποιεῖν ἐξουσίαν to exert power, give exhibitions of power.
ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν (both expressions refer to the ability and weight which Jesus exhibited in his teaching)
the power of authority (influence) and of right.
Delegated authority.
spoken of the authority of an apostle.
divine authority granted to Jesus as Messiah, with the infinitive of the thing to be done.
with the genitive of the person by whom the authority is given, or received.
the power of rule or government (the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed (generally translated authority)
εἰμί ὑπό ἐξουσίαν - I am under authority.
ἐξουσίαν πάσης σαρκός
authority over all flesh - mankind.
ἐπάνω τίνος ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν.
to be ruler over a thing.
specifically, α. of the power of judicial decision; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν with an infinitive of the thing decided.
metonymically, α. a thing subject to authority or rule: Luke 4:6; jurisdiction.
a ruler, human magistrate.
the leading and more powerful among created beings superior to man, spiritual potentates; used in the plural of a certain class of angels.
γίγνομαι
COME INTO BEING - BECOME
CHANGE INTO…
TRANSFORM INTO…
DEVELOP INTO…
(of people) to be born.
(of things) to be produced
(of events) to take place
(followed by a predicate) to become.
(aorist participle) having ceased to be:
former, ex-
ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός
the ex-general
(present participle) something that is due (of payments); regular, normal, usual
Δαρείου καὶ Παρυσάτιδος γίγνονται παῖδες δύο
Darius and Parysatis had two sons born to them.
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γένος (“kind”) γένεσις (“origin”) γενεᾱ́ (“descent”) γόνος (“offspring, begetting”) γεννάω (“beget”) -γενής (. ) γενεά f (“generation”) γένεσις f (“birth”) γόνος m (“offspring”) αναγεννώ (“to regenerate”)
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γένος • (génos) n (genitive γένεος or γένους); third declension
offspring, descendant family, clan nation, race gender (grammar) grammatical gender sex any type or class.
From Proto-Hellenic *génos,
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os (“race”).
Cognates include Latin genus,
Sanskrit जनस् (jánas),
Old Armenian ծին (cin) and
English kin.
Also see γίγνομαι (“I am born”).
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γέννησῐς • (génnēsis) f (genitive γεννήσεως); third declension
producing
a birth
1st cause, unmoved mover.
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γεννᾰ́ω • (gennáō)
to beget, give birth to
to bring forth, produce, generate
-ᾰ́ω
Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē)
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γέννᾰ or γέννᾱ • (génna or génnā) f (genitive γέννης or γέννᾱς); first declension (Poetic)
Ancient Greek
Synonym of γένος (génos)
descent, lineage
origin
offspring, generation
family (children), race
Medieval (Byzantine) Greek: γέννα • (génna) f (genitive γέννας); first declension
childbirth (process of childbearing)
family
(of the Moon, expression) “γέννα τῆς σελήνης (génna tês selḗnēs)”: moonrise (literally: the birth of the Moon)
also see τὰ Γέννα • (tà Génna) n pl (genitive Γέννων); second declension (6th century CE): Christmas
Synonym: τὰ Χριστούγεννα.
γέννα • (génna) f (plural γέννες)
birth (process of childbearing)
The very rare genitive plural “των γεννών”, is either archaic (“τῶν γεννῶν”), or regional demotic, or used for veterinary archives “αρχείο γεννών” (archeío gennón, “archive of births/labours”) while the common “αρχείο γεννήσεων” (archeío genníseon, “archive of births”) has to do with childbirths and registration.
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Χριστούγεννα • (Christoúgenna) n pl
Christmas (Christian holy day)
Χριστός (“Christ”) + γέννα (“birth”)
χριστουγεννιάτικος (“related to Christmas”)
Χριστούγεννα (“Christmas”) + -ιάτικος
(“suffix for adjectives denoting time”).
From adjective suffixes -ιάτ(ης) + -ικος
Like or having the quality or characteristic of…
-ιάτικος • (-iátikos) m
feminine -ιάτικη
neuter -ιάτικο
(forming adjectives) from nouns, denoting sense of time:
where the denoted is suitable or has the characteristics of the original word
Χριστούγεννα (“Christmasl”) + -ιάτικος → χριστουγεννιάτικος (“Christmassy”)
(forming adjectives) where the denoted resembles the original word, without actually owning them
καλοκαίρι (“summer”) + -ιάτικος → καλοκαιριάτικος (“summery e.g. a warm winter day is ‘summery’”)
-άτικα • (-átika)
(adjective) Nominative, accusative and vocative plural neuter form of -άτικος.
Suffix for adverbs from neuter plural -άτικα of -άτικος.
-άτικα • (-átika)
(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) added after a noun to create adverbs that indicate something happened at that particular time, often implying amazement or inappropriateness:
κυριακή (kyriakí, “Sunday”) + -άτικα → κυριακάτικα (“on Sunday, of a Sunday (of all times!)”)
-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension
Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic
-τῐκός • (-tikós) m (feminine -τῐκή, neuter -τῐκόν); first/second declension
Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive
ποιέω (poiéō, “to make”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ποιητικός (poiētikós, “creative”)
Added to other stems to form adjectives, particularly those ending in vowels
ἔξω (éxō, “outside”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”)
ναυ-ς (nau-s, “ship”) + -τικός (-tikós) → ναυτικός (nautikós, “seafaring”)
χριστουγεννιάτικη κάρτα f (“Christmas card”)
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γέννηση • (génnisi) f (plural γεννήσεις)
(medicine) birth
(figuratively) start, inauguration.
From Byzantine Greek γέννηση
from Ancient Greek γέννησις (génnēsis).
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γεννιέμαι • (genniémai) passive (simple past γεννήθηκα, active γεννώ)
be born, originate
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αναγεννώ (“to regenerate”)
ανα- (“re”) + γεννώ (“to give birth”)
Rejuvenate
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αίτιος
CAUSE - RESPONSIBLE - AUTHOR
BLAME - GUILTY PARTY
ONE WHO COMMITS AN ACT
ONE WHO BREACHES THE TRUST
ONE WHO BREAKS A PROMISE
αίτιος • (aítios) m (feminine αίτια, neuter αίτιο)
responsible for, causative.
αἴτῐος • (aítios) m (feminine αἰτῐ́ᾱ, neuter αἴτῐον); first/second declension
Adjective
causing, being the author of, responsible for
to blame, blameworthy, guilty, reprehensible, culpable
(substantive) defendant, accused, culprit.
From αἶτος (aîtos, “share”) + -ιος (-ios)
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éy-ti-s
from *h₂ey- (“to give”).
Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (aēta).
from Proto-Indo-European / h₂ey-
*h₂ey-
vital force, life, age, eternity.
*h₂óy-u ~ *h₂y-éw- n (“long time, lifetime”)
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αιωνιότητα (eternity) αιώνιος (he is eternal) αιωνία (she is eternal) αιώνιο (it is eternal) αιώνας m (“century, eon, eternity”) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
αιώνιος • (aiónios) m (feminine αιώνια or αιωνία, neuter αιώνιο)
eternal, everlasting, perpetual
(figuratively) hard-wearing.
HARDWARE
(hard-wearing) - (comparative more hard-wearing, superlative most hard-wearing)
Able to withstand a significant amount of usage without physical deterioration.
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αιώνας • (aiónas) m (plural αιώνες)
century (100 consecutive years)
century (specifically a numbered period with conventional start)
Έγινε στα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα. ― Égine sta mésa tou 20ou aióna. ― It took place in the middle of the 20th century.
(geology) eon, era, age
Φανεροζωικός αιώνας ― Fanerozoikós aiónas ― Phanerozoic eon
eternity, age, eon
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Synonyms
Aeon
(century): αι. (ai.), αι (ai) (abbreviation)
(eon): μεγααιώνας m (megaaiónas) (geological timescale)
(100 consecutive years): εκατονταετία f (ekatontaetía)
αι. • (ai.) m
Abbreviation of αιώνας (aiónas): century
See also: άι, Άι, αϊ, Αϊ, αἴ, αἱ, and αἵ
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αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension lifetime generation a long period of time, eon, epoch, age the current world eternity.
From earlier αἰϝών (aiwṓn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”), whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English aye.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”)
*h₂óyu n (oblique stem *h₂yéw-)
long time, lifetime.
From the root *h₂ey- (vital force, life, age, eternity)
From Celtic: *aiwestom *aiwestom n age lifetime era From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey-w-es-to- from *h₂ey- (“age, eternity”).
Thing
REASON - CAUSE - MATTER - COMPLAINT
CONTROVERSY
thing (n.)
Old English þing “meeting, assembly, council, discussion,” later “entity, being, matter”
Subject of deliberation in an assembly.
Also “act, deed, event, material object, body, being, creature”
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The sense “meeting, assembly” did not survive Old English.
For sense evolution compare…
French chose
Spanish cosa “thing,”
Latin causa “judicial process, lawsuit, case;”
Latin res “affair, thing,”
also “case at law, cause.”
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from Proto-Germanic *thinga- “assembly”
Old Frisian thing “assembly, council, suit, matter, thing,”
Middle Dutch dinc “court-day, suit, plea, concern, affair, thing,”
Dutch ding “thing,”
Old High German ding “public assembly for judgment and business, lawsuit,”
German Ding “affair, matter, thing,”
Old Norse þing “public assembly”).
The Germanic word is perhaps literally “appointed time,”
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from a PIE *tenk- (1)
from root *ten- “stretch,” perhaps on notion of “stretch of time for a meeting or assembly.”
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LATIN - CAUSA
From Vulgar Latin *cosa, from Latin causa.
causa f
thing.
causa (plural causas)
cause (someone or something that causes a result)
Old Latin - caussa cause, reason, purpose case, claim. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SPANISH - COSA
cosa f (plural cose) thing, matter.
cosa
what?
what!
Italian: Cosa Nostra (feminine noun phrase, literally “Our Thing”) Proper noun Cosa Nostra The Sicilian Mafia.
nostro m (plural nostri)
ours, our own
(in the plural) our possessions, friends, relatives etc.
“Nostro Sennor” (“Our Lord”)
nostro m
(formal, Christianity)
First-person possessive pronoun. “Our”
Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin nostrum, accusative of noster (“our”).
Inflected form of nōs (“we”).
nostrum
of us; partitive genitive of nōs
Inflected form of noster (“our, ours”).
from Proto-Italic *nosteros.
*nosteros
“our”
*-teros
Contrastive or oppositional adjectival suffix.
argumentum
argument
ratio, probatio, disceptatio, proelium, praelium
proof
probatio, experimentum, ratio, testimonium, indicium
motif
argumentum
evidence
testimonium, evidentia, indicium, testis, testificatio
theme
lemma, thema, quaestio, materia, materies
subject
subiectum, subjectum, subditus, subiectus, materia
topic
locus, thema, locum, quaestio
plot
insidiae, coniuratio, conspiratio, conspiratus, conjuratio
indication
indicium, signum, index, indicina, meta
indicium
indicium, signum, index, indicina, meta
argumentum
argument, proof, motif, evidence, theme
propositum
goal, purpose, plan, design, thesis
intentio
intention, intent, attention, strain, stretching out
occasio
opportunity, occasion, chance, opportune, time
sanitas
health, sanity, good sense, soundness of mend, soundness of body
ratiocinatio
reasoning, ratiocination, descant, syllogism,calculation
cohaerentia
incoherently, coherence, cohesion, coherency
coniectura
guesswork, guess, inference, hypothesis, supposition
sapientia
wisdom, sapience, good sense, discernment, prudence
deductio
reduction, deduction, eviction, inference, transportation
judicium
judgment, trial, justice, sentence, inquest
cognitio
cognition, knowledge, investigation, recognition, learning
sensus
sense, feeling, thought, understanding, mind
ratio
reason, system, reasoning, argument, account
Ἠθικά
ηθικά
ETHICS
ηθικά • (ithiká)
morally, ethically
Είναι ηθικά δικαιωμένοι. ―
It is morally vindicated. It is morally justified.
κατηγορώ
BLAME
κατηγορώ • (katigoró) (simple past κατηγόρησα, passive κατηγορούμαι)
blame, accuse
(law) accuse, charge.
κατήγορος m or f (“plaintiff”)
κᾰτήγορος ("accuser")
αλληλοκατηγορία f (“recrimination”)
κατηγορουμένη f (“accused, person charged”)
κατηγορούμενο n (“predicative”, noun)
κατηγόρημα n (“predicate”)
κατηγορώ ("to accuse”)
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κᾰτήγορος • (katḗgoros) m (genitive κᾰτηγόρου); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
accuser.
From κᾰτᾰ- (“against”) + the root of ᾰ̓γορεύω (“to speak”).
ἀγορεύω • (agoreúō)
to speak in the assembly
to say, speak
to proclaim.
From ἀγορᾱ́ (“assembly”) + -εύω (“denominative verb-forming suffix”).
Synonyms
(say, speak): εἴρω, εἶπον, λέγω.
κᾰτηγορέω • (katēgoréō)
to speak against, especially before judges, to accuse, to denounce publicly.
From κᾰτήγορος + -έω, or from κᾰτᾰ- ( “against”) + ἀγορεύω (“to speak in assembly”).
(with accusative of object) to allege in accusation.
(absolute) to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor.
to signify, indicate, prove.
(in logic) to predicate of a person or thing.
to accuse
before a judge: to make an accusation
of an extra-judicial accusation.
Induce
induce (v.)
formerly also enduce, late 14c., “to lead by persuasions or other influences,” from Latin inducere “lead into, bring in, introduce, conduct; persuade; suppose, imagine,” from in- “into, in, on, upon” (from PIE root *en “in”) + ducere “to lead,” from PIE root *deuk- “to lead.” Meaning “to bring about” in any way (in reference to a trance, a fever, etc.) is from early 15c.; sense of “to infer by reasoning” is from 1560s. Electro-magnetic sense first recorded 1777. Related: Induced; inducing.
*deuk-
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to lead.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin dux (genitive ducis) “leader, commander,” in Late Latin “governor of a province,” ducere “to lead;” Old English togian “to pull, drag,” teonteon “to pull, drag;” German Zaum “bridle,” ziehen “to draw, pull, drag;” Middle Welsh dygaf “I draw.”
Deduction Education Adduce Introduce Seduce
Convince
convince (v.)
1520s, “to overcome in argument,” from Latin convincere “to overcome decisively,” from assimilated form of com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + vincere “to conquer” (from nasalized form of PIE root *weik- (3) “to fight, conquer”). Meaning “to firmly persuade or satisfy by argument or evidence” is from c. 1600. Related: Convinced; convincing; convincingly.
*weik- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to fight, conquer.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin victor “a conqueror,” vincere “to conquer, overcome, defeat;” Lithuanian apveikiu, apveikti “to subdue, overcome;” Old Church Slavonic veku “strength, power, age;” Old Norse vigr “able in battle,” Old English wigan “fight;” Welsh gwych “brave, energetic,” Old Irish fichim “I fight,” second element in Celtic Ordovices “those who fight with hammers.”
Query
Conquer
query (n.)
1530s, quaere “a question,” from Latin quaere “ask,” imperative of quaerere “to seek, look for; strive, endeavor, strive to gain; ask, require, demand;” figuratively “seek mentally, seek to learn, make inquiry,” probably ultimately from PIE root *kwo-, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns. Spelling Englished or altered c. 1600 by influence of inquiry.
*kwo-
also *kwi-, Proto-Indo-European root, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit kah “who, which;” Avestan ko, Hittite kuish “who;” Latin quis/quid “in what respect, to what extent; how, why,” qua “where, which way,” qui/quae/quod “who, which;” Lithuanian kas “who;” Old Church Slavonic kuto, Russian kto “who;” Old Irish ce, Welsh pwy “who;” Old English hwa, hwæt, hwær, etc.
conquer (v.)
c. 1200, cunquearen, “to achieve” (a task), from Old French conquerre “conquer, defeat, vanquish,” from Vulgar Latin *conquaerere (for Latin conquirere) “to search for, procure by effort, win,” from assimilated form of Latin com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-), + quaerere “to seek, gain” (see query (v.)).
PA
Pater Father Peter Patron Pattern Pattera
MO
Motion
Mobile
Move
Movement
Morning
Monster
Morbid
STA
Stasis Standard Stay Star Static
