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Question 1

Hacia 1915 se estableció en Chicago, que comenzaba entonces a ser un centro literario.

Answer 1

About 1915 he [Anderson] established himself [settled] in Chicago, which was starting then to become a literary center.

Question 2

Bajo el influjo del poeta Carl Sandburg compuso su primera novela, Windy McPherson’s Son, cuyo tema, el hombre insatisfecho que, evadiéndose de su medio, busca la verdad, es el de toda su obra ulterior y refleja su propio destino.

Answer 2

Under the influence of the poet Carl Sandburg he [Anderson] composed his first novel, Windy McPherson’s Son, whose theme, the dissatisfied man who, evading his environment, looks for the truth, is that of all his later work and reflects his own destiny [experience].

Question 3

Un critic ingles ha observado que Sherwood Anderson piensa por medio de episodios, reales o imaginados; ello explicaría por qué sus cuentos son, en general, superiors a sus novelas.

Answer 3

An English critic has observed that Sherwood Anderson thinks through [in terms of] episodes, real or imagined; this would explain why his stories are, in general, superior to his novels.

Question 4

La serie de relatos titulada Winesburg. Ohio (1919), sigue siendo su obra capital, pese a lo desparejo de ciertas páginas.

Answer 4

The series of tales titled Winesburg, Ohio (1919), is still [regarded as] his [Anderson’s] major work, despite the unevenness of certain pages.

Question 5

Se casó cuatro veces; durante muchos años fue simultáneamente director del diaro republicano y del diario democrático de Marion, en Virginia.

Answer 5

He [Anderson] was married four times; during many years he was simultaneously the editor of a Republican newspaper and a Democratic newspaper in Marion, Virginia.

Question 6

Hacia 1930, fecha en que le otorgaron el premio Nobel, Sinclair Lewis (1885 – 1951) fue el novelista más famoso de su país.

Answer 6

About 1930, date in which he was granted [presented] the Nobel Prize, Sinclair Lewis (1885) – 1951) was the most famous novelist of his country.

Question 7

Nació en Sauk Center, Minnesota.

Answer 7

He [Lewis] was born in Sauk Center, Minnesota.

Question 8

En su dilatada labor abunda lo satírico; no faltaron quienes sospecharan que el premio de la Academia de Suecia era menos en su favor que contra la sociedad por él fustigada.

Answer 8

In his [Lewis’s] expansive labor abounds satire; there were those who suspected that the prize of the Swedish Academy was less in his favor than against the society that he whipped [criticized].

Question 9

En 1926, Lewis había rechazado el premio Pulitzer.

Answer 9

In 1926, Lewis had rejected the Pulitzer Prize.

Question 10

Sin dejar de ser muy humanos y de abundar en verosímiles contradicciones, los protagonistas de su obra son también arquetipos.

Answer 10

Without failing to be very human and abounding in [full of] plausible contradictions, the protagonists of his [Lewis’s] work are also archetypes.

Question 11

Babbitt es el hombre de negocios que vive entre amistades y afectos más o menos convencionales y a quien está acosando la soledad; Elmer Gantry, el charlatán eclesiástico, inescrupuloso y rapaz, que oscila entre el cinismo y la hipocresía; Arrowsmith, el medico entregado a su profesión; Dodsworth, el hombre adinerado y cansado que quiere renovarse en Europa.

Answer 11

Babbitt is the businessman who lives among more or less conventional friendships and affections and to whom solitude is harassing; Elmer Gantry, the ecclesiastical charlatan, unscrupulous and rapacious, who oscillates between cynicism and hypocrisy; Arrowsmith, the doctor devoted to his profession; Dodsworth, the wealthy and weary man who wants to revitalize himself in Europe.

Question 12

Main Street (1920) describe el tedio de los días en un pueblo perdido de las vasta llanura agrícola del Oeste.

Answer 12

Main Street (1920) describes the tedium of the days in a town lost on the vast agricultural plain of the West.

Question 13

Lewis fue socialista; hacia 1906 participó en la colonia utópica de Helicon Home, fundada por Upton Sinclair.

Answer 13

Lewis was a socialist; about 1906 he participated in the utopian colony of Helicon Homes, founded by Upton Sinclair.

Question 14

Antes de abordar la novela de carácter realista, ensayó el teatro, el periodismo y las ficciones románticas.

Answer 14

Before approaching [attempting] the novel of realistic character, he [Lewis] tried theater, journalism, and romantic fiction.

Question 15

Individualista al principio, socialista después y esencial e irreparablemente nihilista.

Answer 15

An individualist at the beginning, later a socialist, [Lewis was] essentially and irreparably [a] nihilist.

Question 16

John Dos Passos, de quien Jean-Paul Sartre escribió que era el mayor escritor de nuestro tiempo, nació en Chicago en 1896, de origen portugués y americano.

Answer 16

John Dos Passos, of whom Jean-Paul Sartre wrote that he was the major writer of our time, was born in Chicago in 1896, of Portugese and American origen.

Question 17

Estudió en Harvard, fue soldado durante la primera guerra mundial y luego corresponsal de guerra en España.

Answer 17

He [Dos Passos] studied in Harvard, he was a soldier during World War I and then a war correspondent in Spain.

Question 18

Recorrió a Francia, Méjico, y el Cercano Oriente.

Answer 18

He [Dos Passos] traveled to France, Mexico, and the Near East.

Question 19

Su obra es multitudinaria, vertiginosa y de algún modo anónima.

Answer 19

His [Dos Passos’s] work is massive, vertiginous, and somehow anonymous.

Question 20

Los personajes cuentan menos que las muchedumbres que los rodean; los sentimientos íntimos del autor están relegados a esa sección titulada por él la cámara obscura y los abruman las circunstancias ajenas.

Answer 20

The personages count less than the crowds that surround them; the intimate feelings of the author [Dos Passos] are relegated to that section titled by him la camara obscura and are overwhelmed [crushed] by alien [indifferent, outward] circumstances.