OB MIDTERM 1

Question 1

any hollow muscular organ when stretched
to capacity will contract and empty.

Answer 1

Uterine Stretch Theory

Question 2

as pregnancy nears term, oxytocin
production by the posterior pituitary increases. Oxytocin causes
contraction of the smooth muscles of the body.

Answer 2

Oxytocin Stimulation Theory

Question 3

progesterone being the hormone
designed to promote pregnancy, is believe to inhibit uterine motility.
Since its amount is now decreasing, uterine contractions will then
occur.

Answer 3

Progesterone Deprivation Theory

Question 4

it has been known that when the fetus has
reached maturity, the fetal membranes produce large amounts of
prostaglandin, a hormone that initiates uterine contractions.

Answer 4

Prostaglandin theory

Question 5

as the placenta “ages”, it becomes less
efficient, producing decreasing amount of progesterone. Because of
the decrease blood supply in the placenta, the uterus contracts.

Answer 5

Theory of the Aging Placenta

Question 6

fetus goes down the birth canal.

Answer 6

Descent

Question 7

as descent occurs, pressure from the
pelvic floor causes the fetal chin to bend
towards the chest.

Answer 7

Flexion

Question 8

–from AP to transverse, then AP
to AP.

Answer 8

Internal Rotation

Question 9

as head comes out, the back of the
neck stops beneath the pubic arch. The head
extends and the forehead, nose, mouth and
chin appear.

Answer 9

Extension

Question 10

anterior shoulder
rotates externally to the AP position so that it is
just behind the symphysis pubis.

Answer 10

(Restitution)

Question 11

the delivery of the rest of the baby’s
body.

Answer 11

Expulsion

Question 12

this is the distance between the anterior surface of the sacral
promontory and the anterior surface of the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.
Average is 12.5 cm

Answer 12

Diagonal Conjugate

Question 13

is the measurement between the anterior surface of the
sacral prominence and the posterior surface of the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.
Average is 10.5 to 11 cm.

Answer 13

True Conjugate/Conjugate Vera

Question 14

is the distance between the ischial tuberosities or the transverse
diameter of the outlet. Average is 11 cm.

Answer 14

Ischial Tuberosity

Question 15

relieve low backache and abdominal pressure
▪ Strengthens abdominal muscles following delivery

Answer 15

Pelvic rocking

Question 16

Help stretch and strengthen perineal muscles

Answer 16

Tailor sitting

Question 17

Stretches the perineal muscles and increase blood flow to the perineum

Answer 17

Squatting

Question 18

strengthen perineal muscles
▪ relieves congestion and discomfort in pelvic region
▪ tones up pelvic floor muscles
▪ help prevent stress incontinence
▪ Increase sexual responsiveness
▪ postpartally – promote perineal healing

Answer 18

Kegel’s exercise

Question 19

help strengthen abdominal muscles during pregnancy and therefore help restore
abdominal tone after pregnancy

Answer 19

Abdominal muscle contractions

Question 20

relieve leg cramps

Answer 20

Calf stretching

Question 21

relieve upper backache and numbness of arms and fingers

Answer 21

Shoulder circling

Question 22

relieve hemorrhoids, vulvar varicosities and low backache
▪ relieves pelvic pressure and cramps in the thighs or buttocks

Answer 22

Modified knee-chest

Question 23

relieve swelling, fatigue, varicosities of lower extremities

Answer 23

Leg elevation

Question 24

Strengthen abdominal muscles

Answer 24

Leg Raising

Question 25

▪ Prematurity
▪ Low birth weight babies
▪ Abortion
▪ Stillbirth
▪ Congenital defects
▪ Preeclampsia

Answer 25

Malnutrition in Pregnancy results in:

Question 26

the body part that will contact the cervix or be born first

Answer 26

Presentation

Question 26

is the relationship between the long axis of the fetal body and the long axis of the woman’s body.

Answer 26

Fetal Lie

Question 27

The fetal head is the body part that will first contact the cervix.

Answer 27

Cephalic presentation

Question 28

Means that either the buttocks or the feet are the first body parts that will contact the cervix.

Answer 28

Breech presentation

Question 29

a fetus lies horizontally in the pelvis so that the longest fetal axis is perpendicular to that of the mother. The presenting part is usually one of the shoulders (acromion process), an iliac crest, a hand, or an elbow.

Answer 29

Shoulder presentation

Question 30

refers to the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor or the relation of the fetal parts to each other

Answer 30

Attitude

Question 31

refers to the settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis to be at the level of the ischial spines, a midpoint of the pelvis. A presenting part that is not engaged is said to be “floating.” One that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spines is said to be “dipping.”

Answer 31

Engagement

Question 32

refers to the relationship of the presenting part of a fetus to the level of the ischial spines.

Answer 32

Station

Question 33

refers to the route a fetus must travel from the uterus through the cervix and vagina to the external perineum. Because the cervix and vagina are contained inside the pelvis, a fetus must also pass through the bony pelvic ring.

Answer 33

Passage

Question 34

male pelvis

Answer 34

Android

Question 35

ape-like” pelvis

Answer 35

Anthropoid

Question 36

normal” female pelvis, the inlet is well
rounded forward and backward.

Answer 36

Gynecoid

Question 37

“flattened” pelvis

Answer 37

Platypelloid

Question 38

is the shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.

Answer 38

Effacement

Question 39

refers to the enlargement or widening of the cervical canal from the opening a few millimeters wide to one large enough to permit passage of a fetus.

Answer 39

Dilatation

Question 40

refers to the psychological state or feelings that a woman brings into labor.

Answer 40

Psyche