FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING ASEPSIS (RLE EXAM)

Question 1

is the absence of microorganisms. It refers to the absence of septic matter, the freedom from infection or infectious matter, and also includes general cleanliness.

Answer 1

Asepsis

Question 2

Practices to reduce the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms
The most common cause of nosocomial infections is contaminated hands of health care providers.
Wash hands before and after every client contact.

Answer 2

Medical Asepsis (Clean Technique)

Question 3

Practices that eliminate all microorganisms and spores from an object or area

Answer 3

Surgical Asepsis (Sterile Technique)

Question 4

a. Destroys organism after they leave the body
b. It protects the giver of care
c. It is used in caring for patients with infectious diseases.
It aims to prevent the patient from becoming reinfected and the infection from spreading to other person
d. It prevents the spread of infection by means of:
- Isolating the objects in the patient’s environment from contamination
- Disinfecting objects as soon as possible after contamination

Answer 4

Medical asepsis

Question 5

a. Destroys organism before they enter the body
b. It protects the patient
c. It is used in caring for open wounds in surgical procedures
d. It includes the complete sterilization of all instruments, linen or other object that may come in contact with the surgical wound

Answer 5

Surgical asepsis

Question 6

Is a state caused by the entry and multiplication of pathogenic microorganism within the body.

Answer 6

Infection

Question 7

are microscopic organism, maybe rod shape, round or spiral. It is the most common cause of infections. Ex. Escherichia coli

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

are microorganisms consisting primarily of nucleic acid (protein) and therefore must enter living cells in order to reproduce.

Answer 8

Viruses

Question 9

obtains food by absorbing dissolved organic matter/decaying organic matter and parasite organisms that has no chlorophyll. Ex. Yeast and molds, candida albicans

Answer 9

FUNGI/FUNGUS

Question 10

are organism that live in/on other organism. It includes protozoa like plasmodium which causes malaria, helminthes (worms) and arthopods (mites, ticks and fleas).

Answer 10

PARASITES

Question 11

refers to transmission by direct contact with body discharges such as urine, feces, mucus or with drainage from an open sore, ulcer, or wound, or by droplet spread (sneezing, coughing, spitting, talking), placental transmission or via blood transfusion.

Answer 11

DIRECT TRANSMISSION

Question 12

refers to vector, vehicle or airborne transmission such as inanimate objects as bed linen, bedpans, drinking glasses, cooking utensils, etc.

Answer 12

. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

Question 13

are rats, mosquitoes, flies or other insects capable of harboring and spreading the infectious agents.

Answer 13

Vectors

Question 14

– any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible of disease host through a suitable portal of entry.

Answer 14

Vehicle

Question 15

(droplet or dust) transmission of disease by droplets of saliva or mucus is called “DROPLET INFECTION”.

Answer 15

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION

Question 16

classified as infection that are associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility.

Answer 16

Nosocomial Infection

Question 17

are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Ex. IV line which may result to bacteremia

Answer 17

Iatrogenic infections

Question 18

a condition wherein there is a detectable alteration in normal tissue function.

Answer 18

DISEASE

Question 19

are microorganisms normally found in certain parts of the body.

Answer 19

RESIDENT FLORA

Question 20

are infections that produces no clinical evidence of disease.

Answer 20

ASYMPTOMATIC or SUBCLINICAL

Question 21

the ability of the microorganism to produce diseases. (maybe rapid, severe, malignant, strong)

Answer 21

VIRULENCE

Question 22

is the ability to produce disease

Answer 22

PATHOGENICITY

Question 23

is a condition when an infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact through a vector or vehicle, or as an airborne infection.

Answer 23

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Question 24

– are infectious agents/ microorganisms that cause diseases only in susceptible (at risk) individual.

Answer 24

OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN

Question 25

is a state of infection. A toxic condition resulting from the spread of bacteria or their products from a focus of infection.

Answer 25

SEPSIS

Question 26

when microorganism is present in the blood. When it becomes systemic, it leads to septicemia.

Answer 26

BACTEREMIA

Question 27

the process by which strains of microorganism become resident flora. Microorganism may grow and multiply but will not cause disease.

Answer 27

COLONIZATION

Question 28

Agents that produce infections can consist of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and rickettsia

Answer 28

Infectious Agents (Microorganisms)

Question 29

Required for the microorganism to survive while awaiting a host.
May allow the organism to multiply, making it more dangerous.

Answer 29

Source or Reservoir

Question 30

Pathway by which pathogens leave the body of a host

Answer 30

Portal of Exit

Question 31

pathway by which infectious agents gain access to the body

Answer 31

Portal of Entry

Question 32

a person with a reduced immune response has increased susceptibility.The immune response is the body’s natural defense against infection.

Answer 32

Susceptible Host

Question 33

– refers to measures designed to prevent the spread of infections or potentially infectious microorganisms to health personnel, clients and visitors.

Answer 33

Isolation

Question 34

Aims at preventing the transmission of highly communicable diseases spread by contact and airborne routes.
It necessitates the use of private room with a closed door
All those who enter this room must wear a gown, cap, mask, gloves and a special set of shoes or slippers.
The disposal of waste and discarding of the soiled linen utilized the double bag technique
Hand must be washed thoroughly
Diseases that require this type of isolation:
Rabies, small pox diphtheria staphylococcal or streptococcal pneumonia.

Answer 34

Strict Isolation

Question 35

Prevent transmission of microorganisms released into the environment by coughing, sneezing or breathing or those harbored in freshly contaminated articles ( such as paper napkins)
A private room is necessary. The door of the room must be kept closed to prevent the spread of microorganism through the air.
Gloves and gown are necessary the nurse should wear mask at all times.
The health worker should have strong resistance; otherwise she will get infected.
Use double bag technique to dispose the secretions.

Answer 35

Respiratory Isolation

Question 36

Aims at preventing contact between potentially pathogenic organisms and an uninfected person who has seriously impaired body resistance.
Private room is necessary and door must be kept closed.
A gown, a mask, gloves. Headgear and changes of shoes or slippers are musts because the objective here is to protect the patient from contamination.
All equipment, supplies or other needed articles to be used by the patient must be disinfected or sterile.

Answer 36

PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION

Question 37

Helps prevents the transmission of organisms through direct or indirect contact with infected excreta or feces.
An adult patient need not be placed in private room because he knows how to manage the excretions of the body properly. Child – needs a private room
The nurse must wear gloves, a gown and special set of shoes as precautionary measure. Mask are not necessary because the pathogens are found mostly in fecal matter and the portal of entry into a host is oral.

Answer 37

ENTERIC PRECAUTION

Question 38

Prevents the transmission of organisms by contact with wounds and heavily contaminated articles.
A gown, mask and head gear must be worn during the cleansing of the skin and dressing of the wound.

Answer 38

WOUND AND SKIN PRECAUTIONS

Question 39

Are employed to prevent transmission of organisms by contact with wounds, secretions, excretions and heavily contaminated articles when there is possibility of cross infection.
Gloves must be worn, especially if there is direct contact with wound or soiled dressings.
Double bag technique is recommended for discarding soiled dressings and linen

Answer 39

. DISCHARGE PRECAUTION

Question 40

Prevents the transmission of organisms by contact with blood or items that are contaminated with blood
The specific measures to be taken are focused on the care of personnel not to pick or break their own skin with needles contaminated with blood from a patient.

Answer 40

BLOOD PRECAUTIONS

Question 41

Prevents any hair from falling on thing the nurse is handling and also protects the nurse’s hair from contamination
This shall be worn to fully cover the hair at all times while inside the isolation room

Answer 41

Head Cap

Question 42

Are worn to filter any organisms from inspired and expired air.
Use to cover mouth and nose

Answer 42

Mask

Question 43

Worn to protect the eyes from possible splash of blood or secretions during nursing procedures.

Answer 43

Goggles

Question 44

worn to protect the uniform from being contaminated

Answer 44

Gown

Question 45

Worn to protect the hands while handling or taking care of patients.

Answer 45

Gloves

Question 46

Shoes carry microorganisms from one place to another

Answer 46

Shoes or slippers

Question 47

Should be worn to protect your shoes while inside the isolation room
Microorganisms settle on the floor

Answer 47

Shoe cover