ANAPHY MUSCULAR

Question 1

Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius)
Anterior scalp: Frontalis (Frontal belly)

Answer 1

Origin : Epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrow and root of nose
Action: Raises the eyebrow, wrinkles forehead
horizontally
Nerve supply: Facial Nerve

Question 2

Obicularis oculi

Answer 2

Origin: Frontal bone, maxilla, and medial palpebral
ligament; lacrimal bone
Insertion: Lateral palpebral raphe and superior and inferior
tarsi medial
Action: Blinks and closes eyelids
Nerve supply: Facial nerve (Cranial VII)Origin: Frontal bone, maxilla, and medial palpebral
ligament; lacrimal bone
Insertion: Lateral palpebral raphe and superior and inferior
tarsi medial
Action: Blinks and closes eyelids
Nerve supply: Facial nerve (Cranial VII)

Question 3

Orbicularis oris

Answer 3

Origin: Mandible and maxilla
Insertion: spinchter-like muscle at the angle
of the mouth
Action: (superficial)closes, portrudes lips;
(deep) presses lip against teeth

Question 4

Temporalis

Answer 4

Origin: Temporal fossa and temporal fascia
Insertion: Coronoid process, anterior ramus of
mandible
Action: Closes Jaw, Elevates and retracts the
mandible against maxilla with great force
Nerve supply: Trigeminal Nerve

Question 5

Masseter

Answer 5

Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Ramus of mandible
Action: Raises the mandible against the
maxilla with great force
Nerve Supply: Trigeminal nerve (Cranial
Nerve V)

Question 6

Buccinator

Answer 6

Origin: molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Action: Compresses cheek (as in whistling
and sucking,draws corner of mouth laterally
Nerve supply: Facial Nerve

Question 7

Zygomaticus

Answer 7

Origin: Zygomatic Bone
Insertion: Skin and muscle at the corner of the
mouth
Action: Raises lateral corners of mouth upward
(smiling muscle)
Nerve supply: Facial Nerve

Question 8

Risorius

Answer 8

Origin: Lateral Fascia associated with
masseter muscle
Insertion: Skin at angle of mouth
Action: Draws corner of lip laterally; tenses
lips; synergist of zygomaticus
Nerve supply: Facial Nerve

Question 9

Levator labii superioris

Answer 9

Origin: Zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin
of maxilla
Insertion: Skin and muscle of upper lip
Action: Opens lips; raises and furrows upper lip

Question 10

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 10

Origin: Body of mandible lateral to its
midline
Insertion: Skin and muscle of lower lip
Action: Draws lower lip inferiorly (pout)

Question 11

Depressor anguii oris

Answer 11

Origin: Body of mandible below incisors
Insertion: Skin and muscle at angle of
mouth below insertion of zygomaticus
Action: Draws corners of mouth down and
laterally (a “tragedy mask” grimace);
zygomaticus antagonist

Question 12

Platysma

Answer 12

Origin: fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles
and deltoid)
Insertion: Lower margin of mandible, and skin
and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: Tenses skin of neck (as during
shaving); helps depress mandible; pulls lower
lip back and down, producing downward sag
of mouth; “Sad Clown Face”

Question 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Lateral surface of the
mastoid process; nuchal line of
occipital bone
Action: Draws head towards shoulder
of same side, rotates head to opposite
side, flexes cervical part, assist in
elevating the thorax

Question 14

Scalenes

Answer 14

Origin: Transverse processes of
cervical vertebrae
Insertion: anterolaterally on first two
rib
Action: Elevate first two ribs (aid in
inspiration); flex and rotate neck

Question 15

Splenius capitis

Answer 15

Origin: Lower half of ligamentum nuchae
and spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra
– 3
rd or 4th thoracic vertebra
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
and occipital bone
Action:
* Supports head erection
* Draws head directly backwards
* Draws head to one side
* Slight rotation, turning face to same
side

Question 16

Pectoralis major

Answer 16

Origin: Sternum, clavicle and
first to sixth ribs
Insertion: Proximal humerus
Action: Adducts and flexes the
humerus

Question 17

Diaphragm

Answer 17

Origin:
Xiphoid process, cartilages of ribs 7-12,
anterior surface of the lumbar vertebrae,
crura of the upper two (left crus) and
three (right crus) lumbar vertebrae
Insertion:
Central tendon that blends with the
anterior longitudinal ligament of the
vertebral column
Action:
Expands the thoracic cavity
Compresses the abdominal cavity

Question 18

External oblique

Answer 18

Origin:
Sternum, external surfaces and inferior
border of lower eight ribs (5-12)
Insertion:
Pubis, line alba via an aponeurosis and
the iliac crest
Action:
Bilaterally: compresses the abdomen
and flexes the spine
Unilaterally: laterally flexes the trunk
to same side; rotate trunk to opposite
side

Question 19

Rectus abdominis

Answer 19

Origin:
Crest of the pubis and pubic tubercle;
front of pubis symphysis
Insertion:
 Pubis, cartilages of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs;
xiphoid process
Action:
Flexes vertebral column
Tenses abdominal wall
Compresses abdominal viscera

Question 20

Internal oblique

Answer 20

Origin:
Lateral half of the inguinal ligament, middle lip of the
iliac crest; and lumbodorsal for thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion:
Pubis, inferior border of the lower 3 or 4 ribs (9, 10-12),
linea alba; aponeurosis fuses with external oblique to
form the rectus sheath
Action:
Bilaterally: compresses the abdominal viscera;
flexes the spine
Unilaterally: laterally flexes and rotates spine to
same side

Question 21

Transverse abdominis

Answer 21

Origin:
Lateral third of the inguinal ligament, inner lip
of iliac crest, inner surface of the cartilages of
the lower 6 ribs, lumbodorsal (thoracolumbar)
fascia and interdigitating with diaphragm
Insertion:
Ends in an aponeurosis; upper ¾ forms the back
of the rectus sheath and insert on the linea
alba; the lower 4
th forms the front of the rectus
sheath and attaches to the pubis
Action:
Compresses abdominal visceral tenses
abdominal wall

Question 22

Trapezius

Answer 22

Origin: Occipital bone, and all cervical and
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion
and scapular spine of scapula
Action: Raises, retracts and rotates scapula
Nerve supply: Accessory nerve (cranial nerve
XI); C3 and C4

Question 23

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 23

Origin:
Lower spine and iliac crest
Insertion:
 Proximal humerus
Action:
Extend and adducts the humerus

Question 24

Erector Spinae

Answer 24

Origin:
Lower spine and iliac crest
Ribs 2-3 and vertebrae
Insertion:
 Ribs, thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Action:
Extend and laterally flexes spine

Question 25

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 25

Origin:
Iliac crest, lumbar fascia
Insertion:
 Transverse process of upper
lumbar vertebrae
Action:
Flexes spine laterally; extend spine