Biology 2nd sem

Question 1

the development of a new species can occur when populations are reproductively isolated in some form

Answer 1

speciation

Question 2

there is a geographic barrier that separates the populations

Answer 2

allopatric speciation

Question 3

the speciation happens in the same area yet theres something else isolation them

Answer 3

sympatric speciation

Question 4

barriers that occur before you can even make a zygote

Answer 4

prezygotric barriers

Question 5

when species can have different behaviours

Answer 5

behavioral isolation

Question 6

species could breed at different seasons, years, times of the day

Answer 6

temporal isolation

Question 7

mating and fertilization actually occured because you have a zygote

Answer 7

postzygotic barriers

Question 8

in biological sense, is determined by not how long they live but by how many offspring they have

Answer 8

fitness

Question 9

change over time, takes place because natural selection has occured

Answer 9

evolution

Question 10

mechanism of evolution

Answer 10

natural selection

Question 11

change in allele frequencies due to chance, can make some big changes to allele frequencies and a mechanism for evolution

Answer 11

genetic drift

Question 12

form of a gene

Answer 12

allele

Question 13

“random sample”

Answer 13

founder effect

Question 14

can exist within populations

Answer 14

genetic variety

Question 15

more vulnerable to genetic drift

Answer 15

small population

Question 16

less vulnerable to genetic drift

Answer 16

big population

Question 17

• is the change in characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection
• is any net directional change or any cumulative change in the characteristics of organisms or populations over many generations, in other words descent with modification.

Answer 17

EVOLUTION

Question 18

was an english naturalist, geologist, biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
- He proposed that species can change over time, that new species come from pre-existing species, and that all species share a common ancestor.

Answer 18

CHARLES DARWIN

Question 19

• was a french naturalist, biologist, academic and soldier. ( vital force/internal vital force because of growing).
• According to him, organisms altered their behavior in response to environmental change. He believed that living things evolved in a continuously upward direction, from dead matter, through simple to more complex forms, toward “human protection”. Species didn’t die out in extinction.

Answer 19

JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK

Question 20

was a scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining the earth’s history.
- He argued that the formation of earth’s crust took place through countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time, all according to known natural laws. His “uniformitarian” proposal was that the forces molding the planet today have operated continuously throughout its history.

Answer 20

CHARLES LYELL

Question 21

• was an english naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist, and illustrator.
• _____ concluded that over generations, natural selection of inherited traits could give rise to new specie

Answer 21

ALFRED WALLACE

Question 22

one very important human ancestor was an ancient fish. Though they lived 375 mya, they had shoulders, elbows, legs, wrists, neck and many other basus parts that eventually became part of us.
- an extinct fishlike aquatic animal that lived avour 380-385 mya direct ancestors of tetrapods (4-legged land vertebrates).

Answer 22

TIKTAALIK

Question 23

can protect you from serious, potentially deadly bacterial infections such as diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Answer 23

DTaP Vaccine