FUNDA QUIZ 1 FINALS Flashcards
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that associated
with actual or potential tissue damage.
PAIN
Classification of pain based on where it is on the body may be useful in determining the client’s
underlying problems or needs
According to Location
is pain that is perceived in an area distant from the site of the stimuli. It
commonly occurs with visceral pain as visceral fibers synapse at the level of the spinal cord,
close to fibers innervating other subcutaneous tissue organs of the body. (cardiac pain may be
felt in the shoulder or left arm with or without chest pain)
Referred pain
is pain arising from organs or hollow viscera, often presents this way, being
perceived in an area remote from the organ causing the pain.
Visceral pain
which lasts only through the expected recovery period. It can be sudden or slow
onset.
Acute pain
is prolonged, usually recurring or persisting over 6 months or longer, and
interferes with functioning
Chronic pain
experienced when an intact, properly functioning nervous system sends
signals that tissues are damaged, requiring attention and proper care.
Physiological pain
– originates in the skin, muscles, bones, or connective tissues
Somatic pain
results from activation of pain receptors in the organs and/or hollow
viscera. It tends to be poorly located and may have a cramping. Throbbing, pressing or
aching quality. It is often associated with feeling sick (sweating, nausea, vomiting).
Visceral pain
experienced by people who have damaged or malfunctioning nerves due
to illness, injury or undetermined reasons
Neuropathic pain
follows damage and/or sensitization of peripheral nerves
Peripheral neuropathic pain
results from malfunctioning nerves in the central nervous
system
Central neuropathic pain
occurs occasionally when abnormal connections
between fibers and the sympathetic nervous system perpetuate problems with both the
pain and sympathetically controlled functions
Sympathetically maintained pain
The least amount of stimuli necessary for a person to label a sensation as
pain. It may vary from person to person, and may be related to age, gender, or race but it
changes little in the same individual over time.
Pain Threshold
The most pain an individual is willing or able to tolerate before taking
evasive actions
Pain Tolerance
are terms that may be used interchangeably to denote a
heightened response to a painful stimuli
Hyperalgesia and Hyperpathia
non-painful stimuli (contact with water, linen or wind) produce pain.
Allodynia
which is an unpleasant abnormal sensation. It mimics or imitates the pathology
of a central neuropathic pain disorder.
Dysesthesia
is the alleviation of pain or a reduction in pain to a level of comfort that is
acceptable to the client.
Pain management
The goals of this is altering physiological responses,
and reducing fears associated with pain-related immobility or activity restriction.
Physical Interventions
can provide effective temporary pain relief. It distracts client and focuses
attention on the tactile stimuli, away from the painful sensations, thus reducing pain perception.
Cutaneous stimulation
is a comfort measure that can aid relaxation, decrease muscle tension, and may
ease anxiety because the physical contact communicates caring. It can also decrease the
pain intensity by increasing superficial circulation to the area.
Massage
restricting the movement of a painful body part (e.g. arthritic joint, traumatized
limb) may help to manage episode of acute pain
Immobilizing
is a method of applying low-voltage electrical
stimulation directly over identified areas, at an acupressure point, along peripheral nerve areas
that innervate the pain area, or along the spinal column
Trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
located in the brain stem, integrate sensory information
from the peripheral nervous system and relay the information to the cerebral cortex
Reticular formation
- most common sleep disorder, inability to obtain an adequate amount or quality of
sleep.
Insomnia
refers to conditions where the affected individual obtains sufficient sleep at
night but still cannot stay awake during the day. It can be caused by medical conditions like CNS
damage and certain kidney, liver or metabolic disorders.
Hypersomnia
a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness caused by the lack of the chemical
hypocretin in the area of CNS that requires sleep. Referred to as “sleep attack”.
Narcolepsy
periodic cessation of breathing during sleep. More than 5 apneic episodes or 5
breathing pauses longer than 10 seconds/hour is considered abnormal and should be evaluated
by sleep medicine specialist.
Sleep Apnea
prolonged disturbance resulting in decreases amount, quality,
consistency of sleep.
Insufficient Sleep
Behavior that may interfere with sleep. (somnambulism (sleep walking), sleep
talking, Nocturnal enuresis (Bedwetting), nocturnal erections (morning wood or nocturnal penile
tumescence- normal function of reproductive system, bruxism – clenching and grinding of
teeth).
Parasomnias
This diet is limited to water, tea or coffee, clear broths, ginger ale, or other
carbonated beverages, strained and clear juices, and plain gelatin
Clear Liquid Diet
This diet contains only liquids or foods that turn into liquid at body temperature, such
as ice cream.
Full Liquid Diets
this diet is easily chewed and digested. It is often ordered for clients who have difficulty
of chewing and swallowing.
Soft Diet
is ordered when the client’s appetite, ability to eat, and tolerance to certain foods
may change.
Diet as Tolerated
is provided when the client is unable to ingest foods or the upper gastrointestinal tract is impaired and
the transport of food to the small intestine is interrupted.
Enteral nutrition (EN), also referred to as total enteral nutrition (TEN),
is achieved by means of nasogastric or nasointestinal (nasoenteric) tubes, or
gastrostomy or jejunostomy tubes.
Enteral access
