Gen Bio 2

Question 1

first stage of cell division

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

called reduction division because of having a starting cell that has 46 chromosomes
and ending cells which is the sperm and egg cells that has 23 chromosomes.

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

makes identical body cells like skin cells and stomach cells

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

it makes sperm and egg cells otherwise known as gametes

Answer 4

Meiosis

Question 5

in between process, is when the cell starts growing, dna is replicating and carrying
out the cell process

Answer 5

Interphase

Question 6

longest phase take up of 50% to 60% where chromosomes are going to condense
and thicken

Answer 6

Prophase

Question 7

chromosomes are going to be align at the middle of the cell

Answer 7

Metaphase

Question 8

chromosomes are pulled away because of spindle fibers

Answer 8

Anaphase

Question 9

chromosomes completely separated and you have two newly formed nuclei ending
with two cells

Answer 9

Telophase

Question 10

second stage of cell division, responsible for the final separation into cells by
splitting the cytoplasm which completes after the pmat

Answer 10

Cytokinesis

Question 11

Process of mitosis and meiosis (In order)

Answer 11

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 12

during this phase cells grows physically larger, copies organelles

Answer 12

G1-phase

Question 13

cells grows more, makes proteins and organelles and begins to recognize its
content in preparation for mitosis begins

Answer 13

G2-phase

Question 14

synthesize proteins and nutrients

Answer 14

S-phase

Question 15

are the regions of dna where the sister chromatids are most tightly connected

Answer 15

Centromeres

Question 16

the two pole

Answer 16

Centriole

Question 17

is where centriole attach and the one who pulled the chromosomes away

Answer 17

Spindle Fibers

Question 18

identical copies of piece of DNA using restriction enzymes

Answer 18

DNA Cloning

Question 19

cuts the dna/gene that you clone

Answer 19

Restriction Enzyme

Question 20

is a piece of genetic material that sits outside of the chromosomes but it can
reproduce along or replicate itself, tends to be circular dna

Answer 20

Plasmid

Question 21

is to connect the backbone in the plasmids it helps to do the pasting

Answer 21

DNA ligase

Question 22

a type of organism (bacteria) it is typically use

Answer 22

E. Coli

Question 23

is when you apply this some of that bacteria is going to take in the plasmid

Answer 23

Heat Shock

Question 24

a biotechnology, it provides a way to make more copies of a
portion of DNA, it doesn’t need to happen in cell, it can happen in test tube

Answer 24

Polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

Question 25

helps dna polymerase, a building enzyme know when to go starting

Answer 25

Primers

Question 26

used often a heat resistant type of _________ as pcr uses heat

Answer 26

DNA Polymerase

Question 27

a type of heat resistant dna polymerase

Answer 27

Taq Polymerase

Question 28

is originally from a type of bacteria that can handle and live in really high temperatures in
nature in hot springs

Answer 28

Taq

Question 29

involves the addition of heat needed to separate the two strands of dna
molecule

Answer 29

DENATURATION

Question 30

two dna strands that now have been separated by that heat are going to be
cooled and be joined by the primers, the temperature for this should allow the primers to bind to
the specific segment of dna that you want to amplify which means makes copied of

Answer 30

ANNEALING

Question 31

going to make more copies of dna and dna polymerase will begin to work
on both of these strands and it will use the dna nucleotides as its building material to amplify
dna, the temperature may be a little warmer than the previous

Answer 31

DNA SYNTHESIS

Question 32

pcr test there is rt because this virus uses rna as its genetic
material instead of dna and you have to use enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert rna
to dna

Answer 32

Real Time reverse transcription

Question 33

6 steps of Recombinant DNA:

Answer 33

1.Isolating genetic material
2. Restriction enzyme digestion
3. Use pcr for amplification
4. Ligation of DNA molecules
5. Inserting the recombinant DNA into a host
6. Isolation of recombinant cells