NCM 107 1st week Flashcards by Yuan Bundoc

the possibility of pregnancy(amenorrhea, nausea,
breast enlargement and tenderness, food cravings)

Presumptive

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he most likelihood of indicating pregnancy-
confirmation of pregnancy (increased frequency of
urination, abdominal bloating/enlargement, increased
skin pigmentation in the face, stomach, and/or areola)

Probable

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confirmation of pregnancy(fetal heartbeat, visualization
of fetus (ultrasound), positive hCG urine or blood)

Positive

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is a hormone normally produced by the placenta. If a
woman is pregnant, it can be detected in the urine

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

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describes the total number of confirmed pregnancies
that a woman has had, regardless of the outcome # of
pregnancies

Gravida

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defined as the number of births that a woman has had
after 20 weeks gestation # of successful
births/deliveries

Para

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defined as the number of times that a woman has been
pregnant regardless of the outcome (this includes
current pregnancy, miscarriages, abortions, stillbirths,
and *twins/triplets counted as 1

Gravidity

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woman is in her first pregnancy.

Primigravida

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has given birth once

Primiparous woman

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woman who has been pregnant
more than once.

multigravida

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woman has given birth more than
once.

multiparous

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is defined as the number of times that a woman has
given birth to a fetus with a gestational age of 20-24
weeks or whether the child was born alive or was
stillborn.

Parity

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loss of the baby after 20 weeks

Stillbirth

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measure of the length of a pregnancy which is taken
from the beginning of the woman’s last menstrual
period
○ It is measured in weeks

AOG (Age of Gestation / Gestational Age)

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also known as expected date of confinement, and
estimated due date or simply due date, is a term
describing the estimated delivery date for a pregnant
woman.

EDD/EDC (estimated date of delivery)

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LMP

Last Menstrual Period

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four specific steps in palpating the uterus through the
abdomen in order to determine the lie and presentation
of the fetus.

Leopold’s Maneuver

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time period before childbirth

Antepartum

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period from the onset of true labor through the delivery
of the placenta

Intrapartum

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time period after childbirth

Post – partum

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given to a pregnant mother anytime during the first
healthcare facility visit = no protection given

TD1

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4 weeks after TD = 3 yrs. protection

TD2

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6 months after TD = 5 yrs. protection

TD3:

1 year after TD = 10 yrs. protection

TD4

1 year after TD = lifetime protection

TD5

Initial Prenatal Physical Exam:

○ Vital signs ○ Height and weight measurement ○ Fundic height measurement ○ Leopold's Maneuver

THREE PERIODS OF PREGNANCY

Antepartum Intrapartum Post – partum

A medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing, typically having a small disk-shaped resonator that is placed against the chest, 5 and two tubes connected to earpieces.

Stethoscope

A structurally modified device which can amplify the fetal heartbeat in the 20th week of pregnancy and beyond.

Fetoscope or fetal stethoscope:

A handheld ultrasound device using the Doppler effect to create an audible simulation of the heartbeat via a loudspeaker or earpiece.

Fetal Doppler:

A common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman’s uterus

LEOPOLD’S MANEUVERS

What week is leopold's maneuver performed

24 weeks of gestation

THE FOUR MANEUVERS

First maneuver ( Fundal Grip) Second Maneuver (Lateral Grip/Umbilical Grip) Third Maneuver (Pawlik's Grip) Fourth Maneuver (Pelvic Grip)

This determines what part of the fetus is in the fundus

Fundal Grip

to locate/identify the fetal back in relation to the right and left sides of the mother. ■ to determine the fetal position (the relationship of the presenting part to one of the quadrants of the mother’s pelvis

Lateral Grip/Umbilical Grip

This maneuver confirms the fetal position (engagement of presenting part) to find the heat at the pelvis and to determine the mobility of the presenting part.

Pawlik’s Grip

is a clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the unborn baby (fetus) during pregnancy.

Amniotic fluid

is a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth and development during pregnancy.

Fundal height, or McDonald's rule,

is when the baby’s legs are folded flat up against his head and his bottom is closest to the birth canal.

Frank Breech

is when both of the baby’s knees are bent and his feet and bottom are closest to the birth canal.

Complete Breech

is when one of the baby’s knees is bent and his foot and bottom are closest to the birth canal.

Incomplete Breech/footling breech

The process of giving birth.

Delivery

The process of childbirth, especially the period from the onset of uterine contractions and ends with delivery of the newborn and expulsion of the placenta.

Labor

○ Occurring during labor or delivery. ○ 18 below and 36 and above is considered as high risk

Intrapartum

after separation, placenta is delivered by natural bearing down effort of mother of by gentle pressure on contracted uterine fundus by physician or nurse- midwife

Crede’s maneuver

a supine position of the body with the legs separated, flexed, and supported in raised stirrups, can used for childbirth.

Lithotomy position

technique for expressing the placenta from the uterus that puts gentle traction on the cord while the other presses the anterior surface of the uterus backward).

Brandt Andrews Maneuver

Applies for perineal support and does controlled delivery of the head

Ritgen’s maneuver.

Mother is asked to take a deep breath, hold the breath (closed glottis) and push downward when the uterine contraction starts).

Valsalva Maneuver

refers to the enlargement or widening of the cervix of the cervical canal from an opening a few millimeters wide to one large enough to permit passage of fetus dilatation begins.

DILATION

(contraction) is timed from when you first feel a contraction until it is over. This time is usually measured in seconds

DURATION

(rest period) is timed from the end of 1 contraction to beginning of next contraction

INTERVAL

(duration plus interval) is timed from the start of one contraction to the start of the next. It includes the contraction as well as the rest period until the next contraction begins. This time is measured in minutes.

FREQUENCY

(strength)The peak of the contraction less the resting tone.

INTENSITY

If the placenta separates first at its center and last at its edges, it tends to fold on itself like an umbrella and will present at the vaginal opening with the fetal surface evident.

Schultze’s placenta.

the placenta separates first at its edges, it slides along the uterine surface and presents at the vagina with the maternal surface evident

Dirty Duncan