microbio

Question 1

The study of microorganisms and agents too small to be seen
clearly by an unaided eye

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Study of algae-simple aquatic organisms ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds.

Answer 2

Phycology

Question 3

Study of bacteria

Answer 3

bacteriology

Question 4

The smallest, simplest, single-celled prokaryotic micro-organisms

Answer 4

Bacteria

Question 5

Study of fungi

Answer 5

Mycology

Question 6

Microscopic eukaryotic forms (molds and yeats

Answer 6

Fungi

Question 7

Study of protozoans

Answer 7

Protozoology

Question 8

Animal like and mostly single-celled, eukaryotic organisms

Answer 8

Protozoans

Question 9

Study of viruses and viral diseases

Answer 9

Virology

Question 10

infectious agents containing either DNA or RNA that require living cells for their replication/ reproduction

Answer 10

Virus

Question 11

Study of parasitism and parasites

Answer 11

parasitology

Question 12

include pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms and some insects

Answer 12

parasites

Question 13

Developed the compound microscope. first to describe cells

Answer 13

Robert Hooke

Question 14

First to described
microbes under
microscope

Answer 14

Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek

Question 15

Firmly Disprove the
spontaneous generation
doctrine (1861)

Answer 15

Louis Pasteur

Question 16

Formulated a criteria that
provided proof that a specific
organism can cause a disease

Answer 16

Robert Koch

Question 17

“skin” around the cell
* selective permeability

Answer 17

Cell membrane

Question 18

”command center

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

gelatinous matrix or base material
of the nucleus

Answer 19

nucleoplasm

Question 20

46 (23 pairs) embedded or
suspended in the nucleoplasm.

Answer 20

chromosomes

Question 21

nucleopores

Answer 21

nuclear membrane

Question 22

where most metabolic reactions occur

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

nutrient matrix

Answer 23

cytosol:

Question 24

transport network of tubules and flattened sacs

Answer 24

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 25

protein synthesis

Answer 25

Rough ER

Question 26

detoxification

Answer 26

Smooth ER

Question 27

“packaging plants” : completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins into mature, functional ones and packages them into small, membrane-enclosed vesicles for storage within the cell or export outside the cell

Answer 27

Golgi complex

Question 28

lysozyme and other digestive enzyme * autolysis : destroy entire cell

Answer 28

Lysosomes

Question 29

catalase : catalyzes (speeds up) the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Answer 29

Peroxisomes

Question 30

Powerhouse of the cell

Answer 30

mitochondria

Question 31

sites of photosynthesis

Answer 31

Plastids

Question 32

system of fibers * strengthen, support, and stiffen the cell, and give the cell its shape

Answer 32

Cytoskeleton

Question 33

external structures that provide rigidity, shape, and protection * cellulose: algae, plants * chitin: fungi

Answer 33

Cell wall

Question 34

whip-like * organelles of locomotion : “swim" through liquid environments

Answer 34

Flagella

Question 35

hair-like * coordinated, rhythmic movement

Answer 35

Cilia

Question 36

* consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule * control center of the bacterial cell * suspended or embedded in the cytoplasm * plasmid: extrachromosomal DNA

Answer 36

Chromosome

Question 37

highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall * negative stain: a capsule staining procedure * The capsule appears as an unstained halo around the bacterial cell * antiphagocytic function: protecting the encapsulated bacteria from being phagocytized

Answer 37

capsule

Question 38

thick layer of material located outside their cell wall

Answer 38

Glycocalyx

Question 39

three, four, or more threads of protein twisted like a rope

Answer 39

flagellin

Question 40

is a single structure that facilitates transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another following attachment of the cells to each other

Answer 40

sex pilus

Question 41

polymerized protein molecules

Answer 41

pilin

Question 42

genetic material (usually in the form of a plasmid) is then transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell

Answer 42

conjugation

Question 43

enable bacteria to adhere or attach to surfaces

Answer 43

Fimbriae

Question 44

formation of spores

Answer 44

sporulation

Question 45

types of spore stains

Answer 45

a. terminal spore b. subterminal spore

Question 46

have been shown to survive for many years in soil or dust, and some are quite resistant to disinfectants and boiling

Answer 46

Spores

Question 47

* one cell (the parent cell) splits in half to become two daughter cells. * before a prokaryotic cell can divide in half, its chromosome must be duplicated (a process known as DNA replication), so that each daughter cell will possess the same genetic information as the parent cell * generation time: the time it takes for one prokaryotic cell to become two cell

Answer 47

Binary fission

Question 48

Area of biological science for classification, nomenclature and identification of all living entities.

Answer 48

Taxonomy

Question 49

the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities or relationships. Taxa include kingdoms or domains, divisions or phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

Answer 49

classification

Question 50

the assignment of names to the various taxa according to international rules.

Answer 50

nomenclature

Question 51

the process of determining whether an isolate belongs to one of the established

Answer 51

identification

Question 52

simplest, single celled prokaryotic organisms * contains organisms that are broadly divided into three phenotypic categories: * based on their physical characteristics * Gram-negative and have a cell wall * Gram-positive and have a cell wall * those that lack a cell wall

Answer 52

Bacteria

Question 53

are small infectious proteins that cause fatal neurologic diseases in animals and humans in which the brain becomes riddled with holes (becomes sponge-like) are thought to be transmit- ted by consumption of food contaminated with the agent * all these diseases are untreatable and fatal and are collectively referred to as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) which involve loss of coordination and dementia

Answer 53

prions