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microbio Flashcards

1
Q

The study of microorganisms and agents too small to be seen
clearly by an unaided eye

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Study of algae-simple aquatic organisms ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds.

A

Phycology

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3
Q

Study of bacteria

A

bacteriology

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4
Q

The smallest, simplest, single-celled prokaryotic micro-organisms

A

Bacteria

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5
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

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6
Q

Microscopic eukaryotic forms (molds and yeats

A

Fungi

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7
Q

Study of protozoans

A

Protozoology

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8
Q

Animal like and mostly single-celled, eukaryotic organisms

A

Protozoans

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9
Q

Study of viruses and viral diseases

A

Virology

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10
Q

infectious agents containing either DNA or RNA that require living cells for their replication/ reproduction

A

Virus

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11
Q

Study of parasitism and parasites

A

parasitology

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12
Q

include pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms and some insects

A

parasites

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13
Q

Developed the compound microscope. first to describe cells

A

Robert Hooke

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14
Q

First to described
microbes under
microscope

A

Anton Van
Leeuwenhoek

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15
Q

Firmly Disprove the
spontaneous generation
doctrine (1861)

A

Louis Pasteur

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16
Q

Formulated a criteria that
provided proof that a specific
organism can cause a disease

A

Robert Koch

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17
Q

“skin” around the cell
* selective permeability

A

Cell membrane

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18
Q

”command center

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

gelatinous matrix or base material
of the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

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20
Q

46 (23 pairs) embedded or
suspended in the nucleoplasm.

A

chromosomes

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21
Q

nucleopores

A

nuclear membrane

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22
Q

where most metabolic reactions occur

A

Cytoplasm

23
Q

nutrient matrix

A

cytosol:

24
Q

transport network of tubules and flattened sacs

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

25
Q

protein synthesis

A

Rough ER

26
Q

detoxification

A

Smooth ER

27
Q

“packaging plants” : completes the transformation of
newly synthesized proteins into mature, functional ones
and packages them into small, membrane-enclosed
vesicles for storage within the cell or export outside the
cell

A

Golgi complex

28
Q

lysozyme and other digestive enzyme
* autolysis : destroy entire cell

A

Lysosomes

29
Q

catalase : catalyzes (speeds up) the breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

A

Peroxisomes

30
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

31
Q

sites of photosynthesis

A

Plastids

32
Q

system of fibers
* strengthen, support, and stiffen the cell, and give the
cell its shape

A

Cytoskeleton

33
Q

external structures that provide rigidity, shape, and
protection
* cellulose: algae, plants
* chitin: fungi

A

Cell wall

34
Q

whip-like
* organelles of locomotion : “swim” through liquid
environments

A

Flagella

35
Q

hair-like
* coordinated, rhythmic movement

A

Cilia

36
Q
  • consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA
    molecule
  • control center of the bacterial cell
  • suspended or embedded in the cytoplasm
  • plasmid: extrachromosomal DNA
A

Chromosome

37
Q

highly organized and firmly attached to the cell
wall
* negative stain: a capsule staining procedure
* The capsule appears as an unstained halo
around the bacterial cell
* antiphagocytic function: protecting the
encapsulated bacteria from being
phagocytized

A

capsule

38
Q

thick layer of material located outside their cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

39
Q

three, four, or more threads of protein
twisted like a rope

A

flagellin

40
Q

is a single structure that facilitates transfer
of genetic material from one bacterial cell to
another following attachment of the cells to each
other

A

sex pilus

41
Q

polymerized protein molecules

A

pilin

42
Q

genetic material (usually in the form of
a plasmid) is then transferred from the donor cell to
the recipient cell

A

conjugation

43
Q

enable bacteria to adhere or attach to surfaces

A

Fimbriae

44
Q

formation of spores

A

sporulation

45
Q

types of spore stains

A

a. terminal spore
b. subterminal spore

46
Q

have been shown to survive for many years
in soil or dust, and some are quite resistant to
disinfectants and boiling

A

Spores

47
Q
  • one cell (the parent cell) splits in half to become
    two daughter cells.
  • before a prokaryotic cell can divide in half, its
    chromosome must be duplicated (a process known
    as DNA replication), so that each daughter cell will
    possess the same genetic information as the parent
    cell
  • generation time: the time it takes for one
    prokaryotic cell to become two cell
A

Binary fission

48
Q

Area of biological science for classification, nomenclature and identification of all
living entities.

A

Taxonomy

49
Q

the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic
groups on the basis of similarities or
relationships. Taxa include kingdoms or
domains, divisions or phyla, classes, orders,
families, genera, and species.

A

classification

50
Q

the assignment of names to the various taxa
according to international rules.

A

nomenclature

51
Q

the process of determining whether an isolate
belongs to one of the established

A

identification

52
Q

simplest, single celled
prokaryotic organisms
* contains organisms that are
broadly divided into three phenotypic
categories:
* based on their physical characteristics
* Gram-negative and have a cell
wall
* Gram-positive and have a cell wall
* those that lack a cell wall

A

Bacteria

53
Q

are small infectious proteins that cause fatal neurologic diseases in animals and humans in
which the brain becomes riddled with holes (becomes sponge-like)
are thought to be transmit- ted by consumption of food contaminated with the agent
* all these diseases are untreatable and fatal and are collectively referred to as transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) which involve loss of coordination and dementia

A

prions

reviewer on jit (98 decks)

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