Health education topic-4-5 Flashcards
influence related to chronological age and are similar for individuals in specific age groups.
- NORMATIVE AGE-GRADED
influence common to people in certain age generation (age of Vietnam war, computer age, martial law).
- NORMATIVE HISTORY-GRADED
unusual circumstances, positive or negative, that are turning point in individual’s life, that cause them to change direction (house fire, serios injury in accident, winning lottery).
- NORMAL LIFE EVENTS
characteristic of the infant and young child who are totally dependent on others for direction, support and nurturance from physical, emotional and intellectual stand point (result: manipulative behavior, do not listen, insecure, do not accept responsibility for own action).
- DEPENDENCE
– occurs when the child develops the ability to physically, intellectually and emotionally care for himself/herself and make his/her own choices, including taking responsibility for learning.
- INDEPENDENCE
occurs when an individual has successfully advanced to maturity to achieve self-reliance, sense of self-esteem, and ability to give and receive, and demonstrates a level of respect for others.
- INTERDEPENDENCE
perspective that human growth and development are sequential but not always specifically age related.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
is that point in time when the learner is most receptive to a teaching situation. It is important to realize that the this moment need not be spontaneous and unpredictable event. That is, the nurse as educator does not always have to wait for teachable moment to occur; the teacher can actively create opportunities by taking an interest in and attending to the needs of the learner (need for behavior changes)
TEACHABLE MOMENT
art and science of helping children to learn.
PEDAGOGY
(First 12 mos. Of life)
period of “TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST”
INFANCY
(1 to 2 yrs. of life)
period of “AUTONOMY VERSUS SHAME AND DOUBT” – learn to balance feeling of love and hate and learn to cooperate and control willful desires.
TODDLER
the focus of instruction for health maintenance is towards the parents (primary learner)
(Dependency Stage)
obsessed with what they think as well as what others are thinking.
- ADOLESCENT EGOCENTRISM
time where logical, rational thought processes and ability to reason inductively and deductively develop, can think more objectively, are willing to listen to others.
CONCRETE OPERATIONS
a belief that illness is cause by consequences of their transgression.
EGOCENTRIC CAUSATION
- allows young children to understand that people can make things happen.
PRECAUSAL THINKING
they often believe that they can influence natural phenomena.
- Very curious, want to know the “how’s” and “why’s” of everything.
ANIMISTIC THINKING
– which is the ability to recognize that the properties of an object stay the same even though its appearance and position may change
CONCERVATION
– perpetual students with the anticipation that the experience will be educational and rewarding.
c. Learning-Oriented Learner
to meet social needs
b. Activity-Oriented Learner
expanding their knowledge and skills to build expertise/advancement in their professional/personal lives.
a. Goal-Oriented Learner
is the intelligence absorbed over a lifetime, this increases with experience as people age, but can be impaired by disease state (dementia in Alzheimer’s disease)
a) CRYSTALIZED INTELLIGENCE
– is the capacity to perceive relationships, to reason, and to perform abstract thinking, which declines as degenerative changes occur.
b) FLUID INTELLIGENCE
cardiac output, lung performance and metabolic rate reduces energy level and lessen the ability to cope with stress.
- Organ functioning
– A point at which adult realize that half of their life has been, causing them to question their level of achievement and success.
- GENERATIVITY VERSUS SELF-ABSORPTION AND STAGNATION (ERIKSON)
defined as the ability to search for complex and changing understandings to find a variety of solutions to any given situation or problem. In other words, middle-age adults see the bigger picture.
DIALECTICAL THINKING
ability to learn from cognitive standpoint remains at steady state (ability to perform abstract reasoning stopped). However, through the years (postformal operations) adult thought processes go beyond logical problem solving known as DIALECTICAL THINKING
- FORMAL OPERATION stage (PIAGET)
have attained new, higher order of level of reasoning superior to earlier childhood thoughts.
- Period of FORMAL OPERARIONS (PIAGET)