Mannitol Flashcards
Mannitol Trade Name
(Osmitrol)
(Not carried by Danbury)
(Not in CT Protocols)
Mannitol Classification
Medscape:
Diuretics, Osmotic Agents
Mannitol Mechanism
Medscape:
When administered IV, exerts its osmotic effect as a solute of relatively small molecular size being largely confined to the extracellular space. Mannitol hinders tubular reabsorption of water and enhances excretion of sodium and chloride by elevating the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate. This increase in extracellular osmolarity will induce the movement of intracellular water to the extracellular and vascular space
Mannitol Onset of Action
Medscape:
Diuresis: 1-3 hr after IV administration of mannitol.
IOP reduction: 30-60 min
ICP reduction: 15 min
Mannitol Duration of Action
Medscape:
IOP reduction: 4-6 hr
ICP reduction: 3-8 hr
Mannitol Indications
Medscape:
Elevated Intracranial Pressure
Indicated for reduction of intracranial pressure associated with cerebral edema and/or brain mass
Mannitol Contraindications
Capital:
Hypotension, Pulmonary edema, Severe dehydration,
Intracranial bleeding
Mannitol Side Effects/ Precautions/ Comments
Capital:
Pulmonary edema, Dehydration, Seizures, Confusion, Tachycardia, Headache,
Chest pain, Hypertension, Hypotension, Nausea/vomiting
Will cause an increase in intravascular volume and therefore should be used in extreme caution in fluid-restricted patients (CHF, renal insufficiency)
Mannitol Adult Dose
Medscape:
1.25 g/kg IV infused over 30-60 minutes; may repeat q6-8hr
Mannitol Pediatric Dose
Medscape:
0.25-1 g/kg IV initially; maintenance dose of 0.25-0.5 g/kg IV q4-6hr
Mannitol
Max Dose Adult (Pediatric)
None noted
Mannitol Routes of Administration
IV/IO
Mannitol How Supplied
250ml and 500ml bags of 20% solution (200mg/ml)
