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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS12-1041 The Lungs > Flashcards

BMS12-1041 The Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Primary muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm

Intercostal muscles

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2
Q

Secondary muscles of respiration

A

Pectoralis minor/mejor

Sternocleidomastoid (near neck)

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3
Q

Movements of the thoracic cage

A

Pump handle due to sternum movement

Bucket handle due to elevation of upper ribs

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4
Q

What allows for the pump handle movement?

A

Concave shape of the transverse process allows for the sternm to move

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5
Q

How do middle and lower costotransverse joints differ?

A

Middle rotate while lower glide

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6
Q

When is the pump and bucket handle used?

A

In forced breathing

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7
Q

What innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerves
Inferior vena cava
Oesophagus
Vegas nerves

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8
Q

Where does the aorta pass?

A

Behind the diaphrgam on the left

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9
Q

What is the diaphragm attached to?

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Xiphoid process
Costal cartilage

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10
Q

What else passes behind the diaphragm?

A

Thoracic duct

Azygos vein

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11
Q

What part of the NS do the phrenic nerves belong to?

A

Somatic

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12
Q

Where does the vagus nerve pass?

A

Behind the root of the lung

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13
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid attach to?

A

Mastoid process

Sternum and clavicle

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14
Q

What are the accessory muscles?

A

Serratus (around ribs)

Scalene (near neck)

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15
Q

What 2 muscles may be accessory muscles?

A

Subcostal muscles

Transversus thoracis

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16
Q

Quiet inspiration

A

Diaphragm

Internal

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17
Q

Deep inspiration

A

Diaphragm
Internal
External

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18
Q

Deepest inspiration

A

Secondary

Accessory

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19
Q

What is quiet expiration mainly driven by?

A

Passive elastic recoil of the lungs

20
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nasal
Pharynx
Larynx

21
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Lungs

22
Q

How is the larynx linked to the thorax?

A

Can increase abdominal and thoracic pressure e.g. cough, sneeze, vomit, pooping

23
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

24
Q

When breathing in which bronchi is more likely to be used?

A

The right as it has a less harsh angle as the heart isn’t obstructing it

25
Q

What makes up the bronchioles?

A

Smooth muscle
Elastic connective tissue
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Goblet cells

26
Q

What makes up the trachea?

A

Smooth muscle
Hyaline cartilage ring
Mucous membrane
Pseudo stratified epithelium

27
Q

How are the bronchioles separated?

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

28
Q

What divides the right lung?

A

Oblique fissure

Horizontal fissue

29
Q

Which lungs has 3 segments?

A

Right

30
Q

Lung surfaces

A

Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

31
Q

Lung borders

A

Anterior
Inferior
Posterior

32
Q

What separates the left lung?

A

Oblique fissure

33
Q

How does the heart impact the lungs?

A

Cardiac notch on the left lung

34
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

Bronchus
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery

35
Q

What lines the lungs?

A

Visceral
Pleural
Parietal

36
Q

Where is negative pressure in the lungs?

A

Between the visceral and parietal pleura

Costodiaphragmatic recess

37
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

Due to the pleura being continuous at the hilum of the lung

38
Q

Why do we need negative pressure?

A

Keep the lung surface in contact with the thoracic wall

39
Q

What are the 3 different pressure types in the lungs?

A

Intrapulmonary pressure
Intrapleural pressure
Transpulmonary pressure

40
Q

Other than the lungs what occupies the pulmonary cavities?

A

Costodiaphragmatic

41
Q

Where is the apex?

A

Above the first rub

42
Q

Inferior limits of the lung

A

6, 8 and 10

43
Q

Innervation of the pleura and the type of it

A

Intercostal and phrenic nerves

Motor & sensory

44
Q

What blood vessels supply the lungs?

A

Bronchial circulation provides oxygenated blood and nutrition

45
Q

How is the diaphragm related to acid reflux?

A

Puts pressure on the oesophagus to prevent it

46
Q

What happens to the vena cava when the diaphragm contracts?

A

It dilates to help blood flow

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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