BMS08-1002 Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
Toes and eyes pointing forwards, arms by the side and palms facing forwards
What is the sagittal plane?
Vertical line dividing the body into left and right
What is the coronal plane?
Vertical plane dividing the body into front and back
What is the transverse plane?
Horizontal plane dividing it into upper and lower
What does lateral mean?
Away from the midline
What does anterior mean?
Towards the front of the body
What does posterior mean?
Towards the back of the body
What does inferior mean?
Going down
What does superior mean?
Going up
What does proximal mean?
Towards the trunk
What does distal mean?
Away from the trunk
Superficial
Towards the skin surface
Deep
Towards the interior of the body
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Contralateral
On the opposite side
What composes the axial skeleton?
Skull, ribs and spinal chord
What composes the sand skeleton?
Arms, hips and legs
What is a short bone and give an example
It’s as wide as it is long e.g. wrist bone
What is a long bone and give an example
It’s longer than it is wide e.g. humerus
What is flat bone and give an example
It’s for protection or muscle attachment e.g. sternum
What is irregular bone and give an example
Anything that doesn’t fit into the other categories of bone.g. vertebra
What is a sesamoid bone and give an example
It’s an independent bone developed in the tendon where it passes over a sharp corner, normally in the hands or feet e.g. patella
What does mature bone consist of?
Compact and spongy bone
How can you tell the difference between spongy and compact bone?
Spongey bone isn’t as solid and is a network of open rods
What’s the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification?
Endochondral uses a cartilage intermediate this forms long bones while intramembranous forms flat bones
What is fascia?
Connective tissue framework of the body
What is superficial fascia between?
Between skin and deep fascia/bones
What is deep fascia?
Surrounds and interconnects organs and muscles
What is subserous fascia?
Between serous membranes and deep fascia made of loose connective tissue
What are examples of deep fascia?
Capsules, tendons and ligaments
What is superficial fascia also know as?
The hypodermis
What is the superficial fascia composed of?
Loose connective tissue, collagen, elastin and fat
What is the superficial fascia underneath?
Dermis
What does the superficial fascia store?
Water and fat
What are the 3 functions of the superficial fascia?
Protection
Conduction
Insulation
What is the deep fascia made of?
Dense connective tissue and collagen
What is fascia?
Something that covers and merges every organ, nerve, muscle, bone and blood vessel
Which fascia has organised collagen?
Deep
What are the 4 functions of deep fascia?
Conduction
Allows muscles to move
Attaches muscles
Capsulizes organs and glands
What does conduction mean?
The pathways allowing nerves, veins and arteries to travel through fascia
Give an example of the deep fascia acting as an attachment
Temporalis
Name the 3 serous membranes
Pleura, pericardium and peritoneum
What are serous membranes composed of?
Mesothelium and loose connective tissue
Describe the 2 layers of serous membranes
The inner touches the organ while the outer is anchored to the body wall
What prevents the lumen of the lymph from collapsing?
Anchoring filaments attaching the endothelial cells to surrounding connective tissue
