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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS09-1013 Bones & Joints > Flashcards

BMS09-1013 Bones & Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

Union between 2 bones

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous

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3
Q

3 examples of fibrous

A

Sutures (skull)
Syndesmosis (joins tibia and fibula)
Gomphosis (tooth to bone)

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4
Q

Name 2 cartilaginous joints

A

Primary and secondary

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5
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Units skeleton by a fibrous fluid filled capsule

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6
Q

3 types of sutures

A

Squamous
Serrated
Denticulate

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7
Q

Describe a syndesmosis

A

Bones are slightly apart but are untied by an interosseous membrane

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8
Q

Describe a gomohoses

A

Fibrous tissue is periodontal tissue putting the root of a tooth in the jaw

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9
Q

Primary cartilaginous joint

A

Partially move able

Opposing surfaces cover by hyaline cartilage with fibrocartilage between

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10
Q

Where are primary cartilaginous joints found?

A

Mid line of the body

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11
Q

What do secondary cartilaginous joints develop between?

A

Bones of endochondral origin

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12
Q

Describe a secondary cartilaginous joint

A

Hyaline cartilage acts as an epiphyseal plate between primary and secondary ossification centres

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13
Q

Name of secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis

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14
Q

Name of primary cartilage joints

A

Symphyses

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15
Q

4 features of all synovial joints and 2 of some

A

Joint cavity
Joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Ends of bones are covered in hyaline cartilage

Disc
Bursae

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16
Q

What is hyaline cartilage also known as?

A

Articular

17
Q

Why must ends of bones be covered in cartilage?

A

Bone is so ridged it would mean the forces are transmitted over a small contact area making lots of pressure, cartilage can deform and adapt back to its original shape

18
Q

What’s in the joint cavity?

A

Small amount of synovial fluid

19
Q

What’s in the joint capsule?

A

Bundles of collagen

20
Q

What is special about the synovial membrane? (2)

A

It has a rich capillary network and doesn’t touch the cartilage

21
Q

What happens to synovial fluid with speed?

A

Thinner when faster

22
Q

What are discs?

A

May divide the joint cavity in 3 giving it more range of movement and spread load

23
Q

What are bursae and where are they found?

A

Sacs filled with synovial fluid
Close to the joint often with continuous synovial membranes
They sit between close structure which move relative to each other

24
Q

Shapes of joints (7)

A

Ball and socket (multidirectional movement)
Condyloid (funnel and triangle to fill it)
Hinge (move along one axis)
Plane (slide)
Pivot (synovial)
Saddled shape (supports another bone allowing it to rest on it)
Ellipsoid (double ball and socket joint)

25
Q

Gliding results in how much movement?

A

Small distances

26
Q

Angular movement

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Addiction

27
Q

Rotational

A

Lateral

Medial

28
Q

Pronation

Supination

A

Turning palms to face behind you

Turning palms to face forwards

29
Q

Inversion

Eversion

A

Turning the foot in on the side

Turning the foot it on the side

30
Q

What is non axinal and give examples of these movements?

A

Movement in all directions due to smaller joints

Gliding or angular

31
Q

4 features deciding movement at synovial joints

A

Shape of articulations
Tension of joint capsule
Position of ligament
Position of muscles around the joint

32
Q

Describe these 4 features for the temporomandibular joint

A

Shape of articulation
The rounded end of the mandible fits into the temporal bone fossa which has a bar of bone in front of it

Joint capsule
Loose capsule attached to the articulate area

Ligaments
Lateral ligament is a thinking of the joint capsule
3 accessory ligaments

Muscles
4 pairs which move the joint

33
Q

What do the muscles do to the joint?

A

Form a rotator cuff around the joint to give it dynamic stability

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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