BMS09-1013 Bones & Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
Union between 2 bones
What are the 3 types of joints?
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous
3 examples of fibrous
Sutures (skull)
Syndesmosis (joins tibia and fibula)
Gomphosis (tooth to bone)
Name 2 cartilaginous joints
Primary and secondary
What is a synovial joint?
Units skeleton by a fibrous fluid filled capsule
3 types of sutures
Squamous
Serrated
Denticulate
Describe a syndesmosis
Bones are slightly apart but are untied by an interosseous membrane
Describe a gomohoses
Fibrous tissue is periodontal tissue putting the root of a tooth in the jaw
Primary cartilaginous joint
Partially move able
Opposing surfaces cover by hyaline cartilage with fibrocartilage between
Where are primary cartilaginous joints found?
Mid line of the body
What do secondary cartilaginous joints develop between?
Bones of endochondral origin
Describe a secondary cartilaginous joint
Hyaline cartilage acts as an epiphyseal plate between primary and secondary ossification centres
Name of secondary cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Name of primary cartilage joints
Symphyses
4 features of all synovial joints and 2 of some
Joint cavity
Joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Ends of bones are covered in hyaline cartilage
Disc
Bursae
What is hyaline cartilage also known as?
Articular
Why must ends of bones be covered in cartilage?
Bone is so ridged it would mean the forces are transmitted over a small contact area making lots of pressure, cartilage can deform and adapt back to its original shape
What’s in the joint cavity?
Small amount of synovial fluid
What’s in the joint capsule?
Bundles of collagen
What is special about the synovial membrane? (2)
It has a rich capillary network and doesn’t touch the cartilage
What happens to synovial fluid with speed?
Thinner when faster
What are discs?
May divide the joint cavity in 3 giving it more range of movement and spread load
What are bursae and where are they found?
Sacs filled with synovial fluid
Close to the joint often with continuous synovial membranes
They sit between close structure which move relative to each other
Shapes of joints (7)
Ball and socket (multidirectional movement)
Condyloid (funnel and triangle to fill it)
Hinge (move along one axis)
Plane (slide)
Pivot (synovial)
Saddled shape (supports another bone allowing it to rest on it)
Ellipsoid (double ball and socket joint)
