BMS02-1001 Cell Specialisation Flashcards
What is an integral protein?
Goes through both sides of the membrane
Give an example of a peripheral protein
Goes through only one side of the membrane
Give an example of a transporter protein
Actively pumps Na and K in and out of the cell
Give an example of an anchor protein
Integrins link intracellular actin filaments to extracellular matrix proteins
Give an example of the cell membrane enzyme
Adenylyl cyclase which produces cAMP
What is the nucleus composed of?
Chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope
What does the nucleolus contain?
DNA in the form of transcriptionally active ribosomes, genes, RNA and proteins
What does the nucleolus do?
rRNA synthesis and regulation of the cell cycle
What’s the purpose of the nuclear envelope?
Act as a selectively permeable membrane
What does the SER do?
Detoxification/joining of noxious substances, lipid/glycogen/steroid metabolism and membrane formation/recycling
What does the RER do?
Protein synthesis and glycoprotein formation
What does the Golgi do?
Receives protein from RER which it packages for transport
Which are the cis and trans side of the golgi
Cis is where they enter and trans is where they exit
What do lysosomes do?
Decompose things using hydrolytic enzymes
What % of lipid cells are occupied by TAG?
90%
what are microfilaments made of?
Actin
What do microfilaments do?
Act as a structural framework and a contractile element
What do intermediate filaments do?
Structural role
What do microtubules do?
Give the cell shape and act as tracks for organelles movement
What are the 2 protein types in microtubules?
Dynein and kinesin
Which direction does dynein move towards
The - end of the microtubule
What maintains the shape of microvilli?
Actin filaments anchored to the action cortex
What has the 9+2 arrangement?
Cilia
What protein makes up microtubules?
Tubulin
What are centrioles made of?
Microtubules
What type of stem cells are haematopoietic stem cells and what can they produce?
Multipotent and able to form all elements of the blood
What type of stem cell are epidermal cells and what can they produce?
Unipotent only able to make epidermal cells
Where is the nuclei in columnar epithelial cells?
At the base
Where are nuclei in skeletal muscles?
At the edge
Why do nerve cell bodies have lots of RER?
Maintain the long axonal processes
How are proteins moved from the cell bodies to the axon?
Microtubules
Why would a muscle lack mitochondria?
If anaerobic respiration is taking place
What keeps the shape of neurons?
Microfilaments
What does epithelial tissue do?
Cover exposed surfaces, line internal passageways and to make glandular secretion
What does connective tissue do?
Fill internal space, give structural support and store energy
What forms tissues?
Cells and extracellular matric and fluids
