BMS03-1013 Cell Signalling 2

Question 1

4 types of receptors

Answer 1

G protein
Intrinsic
Ion
DNA binding

Question 2

What is an intrinsic receptor?

Answer 2

Tyrosine kinase

Question 3

What are ion channels?

Answer 3

Tetrameric

Trimeric

Question 4

2 alternative names for intrinsic receptors?

Answer 4

Pleiotropic

Catalytic

Question 5

What may intrinsic enzyme receptors respond to? (3)

Answer 5

Cytokines
Insulin
Growth factors

Question 6

After insulin dimerises what happens?

Answer 6

Phosphorylates itself and then phosphorylates a substrate

Question 7

What does RAS activating protein do?

Answer 7

Change GDP to GTP in RAS activating it

Question 8

What does RAS do?

Answer 8

Activate 3 more MAP kinase by changing ATP to ADP then activating proteins or transcription factors

Question 9

How do glucocorticoids act as anti inflammatory? (2)

Answer 9

Inhibit transcription of cytokines interleukins

Increased synthesis and release of annexin-1

Question 10

Give 3 DNA binding receptor examples

Answer 10

Steroid hormones
Thyroid hormones
Vitamin D

Question 11

How do inhibitory synapses work?

Answer 11

Cause an influx of Cl- so the membrane cant be depolarised

Question 12

What keeps an ACh receptor closed?

Answer 12

Hydrophobic AA ride chain

Question 13

What does insulin do?

Answer 13

Recruitment of glucose transporters

Question 14

What 2 things do the tyrosine kinase do?

Answer 14

Tyrosine kinase which then activates an insulin receptor substrate which alters activity of enzymes

Activate RAS complex which affects DNA expression

Question 15

What activates ion channels?

Answer 15

ACh
Serotonin
Glutamate
GABA

Question 16

Where is there more Na?

Answer 16

Outside

Question 17

Where is more K?

Answer 17

Inside

Question 18

Where is more Ca?

Answer 18

Outside

Question 19

Where is more Cl?

Answer 19

Outside

Question 20

What do trimeric channels do and let in?

Answer 20

Excitatory

Cations

Question 21

What do tetrameric channels do and let in?

Answer 21

Excitatory

Cations

Question 22

What do GABA and glycine cause?

Answer 22

Inhibitory

Question 23

Give 2 examples of nuclear receptors

Answer 23

Oestrogen

Glucocorticoid

Question 24

How do nuclear receptors work?

Answer 24

Ligand attaches and it dimerises and moves into the nucleus to alter transcription