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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS10-1019 Blood & Lymph Vessels > Flashcards

BMS10-1019 Blood & Lymph Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Describe systemic circulation

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues and then returns the deoxygenated blood

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2
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood

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3
Q

What is portal circulation?

A

Moving substances independent from a central pump

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4
Q

Give an example of an organs that uses portal circulation

A

The liver

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5
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Drains extracellular fluid from tissue back into circulation

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6
Q

Describe the order of the blood vessels

A 
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Post capillaries 
Collecting venules
Muscular venules
Muscular veins
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7
Q

Which tunica has innervations?

A

Adventitia

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8
Q

What is the outer most part of the tunica intima?

A

Internal elastic lamina

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9
Q

What type of cells make up the intima?

A

Squamous endothelial cells

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10
Q

What supports the endothelial cells of the intima?

A

Connective tissue

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11
Q

What might be present in the media?

A

External elastic lamina

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12
Q

What cells make up the media?

A

Smooth muscle
Collagen
Elastin

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13
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

Blood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels

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14
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the adventitia?

A

Dense fibroelastic connective tissue

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15
Q

Where are the elastic arteries mainly found?

A

Vessels nearest to the heart

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16
Q

What’s the purpose of elastic recoil?

A

Maintain blood flow during diastole

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17
Q

What type of connective tissue is found in the intima of elastic arteries?

A

Subendothelial collagenous connective tissue

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18
Q

What cells do elastic arteries contain?

A

Fibroblasts

Smooth muscle

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19
Q

How is elastin organised in the media of elastic arteries and what separates them?

A

Concentric sheets

Collagen and smooth muscle

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20
Q

What type of elastin is found in the media of elastic arteries?

A

Fenestrated

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21
Q

What tissue is in the adventitia of elastic arteries?

A

Collagenous connective tissue

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22
Q

What type of nerves are in the adventitia of EA?

A

Autonomic

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23
Q

Is the intima of muscular arteries thin or thick?

A

Thin

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24
Q

What cell makes up the media of MA?

A

Circumferential smooth muscle cells

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25
Q

What cell makes up the internal and external elastic lamina in MA?

A

Elastin

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26
Q

In the media of MA what is the function of the smooth muscle?

A

Withstand pressure

Vary lumen diameter

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27
Q

What causes vasoconstriction?

A

Sympathetic
Adrenaline
Response to vessel injury

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28
Q

What is pressure in the vessels proportional to?

A

Wall thickness divided by diameter

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29
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the media or arterioles?

A

Less than 6

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30
Q

Which part of tunica is insignificant in arterioles?

A

Adventitia

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31
Q

What is resistance to blood flow and what is the equation?

A

Blood pressure

Rf is inversely proportional to r4 (radius)

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32
Q

What happens if you halve the diameter?

A

Resistance is increased by 16 times

33
Q

What’s the main regulator of systemic BP?

A

Flow through arterioles

34
Q

What do capillaries drain into?

A

Post capillary venules, collecting venules and muscular venules

35
Q

What controls blood flow into capillary beds?

A 
Arterioles diameter 
Precapillary sphincters (smooth muscle)
36
Q

What are true capillaries formed of?

A

Single layer of endothelial cells

37
Q

What is the role of metarterioles?

A

Link capillaries and arterioles

38
Q

What cell makes up metarterioles?

A

Smooth muscle cells

39
Q

What connects the arterial ad venous systems?

A

Arteriovenous shunts

40
Q

What are capillaries with large diameters called?

A

Sinusoids

41
Q

Where are sinusoids found?

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow and some endocrine glands

42
Q

What type of endothelium forms the capillaries?

A

Fenestrated, continuous or discontinuous

43
Q

Describe the tunica of continuous capillaries?

A

Doesn’t have one

44
Q

What cells makes continuous capillaries?

A

Endothelial linked by tight junctions and hugged by pericytes on a basal lamina

45
Q

When can continuous capillaries not be relaxed?

A

In the brain and liver

46
Q

What forms tight junctions?

A

Membrane proteins

47
Q

What is the role of pericytes?

A

Stabalisation and survival of endothelial cells

48
Q

Who decides what gets in and out of capillaries?

A

Normally the endothelial cells but sometimes its the tight junctions between them e.g. in the blood brain barrier

49
Q

What process allows large molecules across endothelial cells?

A

Transcytosis

50
Q

Describe transcytosis

A

Caveolae pits bud off vesicles which cross the cell and fuse with caveolae on the other side of the endothelial cell

51
Q

Which protein coats caveolae?

A

Caveolin

52
Q

Why would fenestrated capillaries be used?

A

To allow quick movement

53
Q

Which organs need quick movement from their capillaries?

A

Kidney
Small intestine
Endocrine glands

54
Q

What forms the fenestrations?

A

Luminal and basal membranes joining

55
Q

How can fenestrations be closed?

A

Diaphragm (sheet of material) across the gap

56
Q

What cells do fenestrated capillaries lack?

A

Periytes

57
Q

Where is discontinuous endothelium found?

A

Sinusoids of the liver and spleen

58
Q

How does the basal lamina differ in discontinuous and fenestrated capillaries and why?

A

In discontinuous the basal lamina is discontinuous as there is no endothelial cell above it to form this

59
Q

Can RBC pass through discontinuous capillaries?

A

Yes

60
Q

What forms the post capillary venule?

A

Several capillaries

61
Q

What mainly enters and exits the capillary venules?

A

WBC

62
Q

What may capillary venules have a layer of?

A

Smooth muscle

63
Q

What forms collecting venules?

A

Postcapillary venules

64
Q

What drains into muscular venules?

A

Collecting venules

65
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle so muscular venules have?

A

1-2

66
Q

What forms veins?

A

Muscular venules

67
Q

When does the tunica become visible again?

A

Veins

68
Q

What is in the intima of veins?

A

Endothelium

69
Q

What is the media of veins?

A

Smooth muscle

70
Q

How do the lungs assist the veins?

A

Negative pressure in the chest during inhalation

71
Q

What forms valves?

A

Semi lunar projections of fibroelastic tissue from the intima

72
Q

Which veins don’t have valves?

A

If its less then 2mm

73
Q

Whats the role of endothelial cells? (7)

A 
Permeability barrier
Make basal lamina 
Blood clotting factors
Factors that stop inappropriate blood clotting 
Vasodilation
Inflammatory response 
Growth factors
74
Q

When are lymphatic vessels not found?

A

In the CNS, bone, cartilage, tooth, bone marrow, placenta and cornea

75
Q

What cause the capillaries to leak?

A

Hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end

76
Q

Describe the appearance of lymphatic vessels

A

Flattened endothelial cells, small basal lamina and no pericytes

77
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Formation of new blood vessels from old capillaries

78
Q

When does angiogenesis occur? (4)

A

Inflammation
Wound healing
Period
Placental growth

79
Q

How is angio linked to cancer?

A

Tumor cells need to do this in order to grow larger than the size of a peea

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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