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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS02-1003 Cell Membranes > Flashcards

BMS02-1003 Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What does a peroxisome do?

A

Contains catalase and oxidases

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2
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Where spindle fibres develop from, they are made of microtubules

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3
Q

What is chromatin?

A

It is made of DNA, RNA and protein and makes up chromosomes

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4
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

rRNA transcription

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5
Q

What forms integral proteins?

A

alpha helix or beta pleated

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6
Q

What are anchored proteins?

A

Covalently bound to the membrane by fatty acids

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7
Q

What forms peripheral proteins?

A

Attach to the membrane by ionic bonds to integral proteins
OR
with the polar head of phospholipids

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8
Q

What are lipids soluble/insoluble in?

A

Insoluble in water and soluble in fat and organic solvents

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9
Q

Name 4 functions of lipids

A

Energy stores
Bile acids
Membrane structure
Precursors for vitamins and hormones (steroids)

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10
Q

Name the 4 polar head groups

A

Serine
Choline
Ethanolamine
Inositol

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11
Q

What connects the polar head to a glycerol back bone?

A

Phosphate group

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12
Q

What is linked to the glycerol backbone?

A

2 fatty acyl chains bonded by ester bonds

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13
Q

What’s the word for both water loving and hating?

A

Amphipathic

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14
Q

Choline

A

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=4DED1C63ACE9151F006ABA7EDE3308A9F4579D45&thid=OIP.zqMFqN41jPFz035RMFgg4wHaFX&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fclassconnection.s3.amazonaws.com%2F1106%2Fflashcards%2F623352%2Fjpg%2Fcholine.jpg&exph=364&expw=502&q=choline+structure&selectedindex=5&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

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15
Q

Serine

A

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=8D57050FB385FBFE2FF938D824FDD063EC8E369D&thid=OIP.jzsSYOTbppkCp-VhK6kfRgHaGz&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fclassconnection.s3.amazonaws.com%2F533%2Fflashcards%2F2948533%2Fjpg%2Fserine_2-146A5305B9947E5DE39.jpg&exph=845&expw=919&q=serine&selectedindex=4&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

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16
Q

Ethanolamine

A

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=D1FA1D2C1A43696662E1BADFB0B21B3FFB2EB3F0&thid=OIP.oUZCaTzqbv0hhsyARm9bswHaHa&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.fishersci.com%2FTFS-Assets%2FCCG%2FChemical-Structures%2Fchemical-structure-cas-141-43-5.jpg-650.jpg&exph=650&expw=650&q=ethanolamine&selectedindex=5&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

17
Q

Inositol

A

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=4BCCC448BBF9552B4F1CF145E61B0DA0D1484386&thid=OIP.z6ETEfvX1Um-AX_QqNPGMwHaE6&mediaurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutrientsreview.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F09%2FInositol.jpg&exph=391&expw=590&q=inositol+structure&selectedindex=0&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

18
Q

Draw the structure of a glycerophospholipid?

A

(see lecture notes)

19
Q

Which phospholipid lacks a glycerol backbone?

A

Sphingomyelin

20
Q

Name a saturated FA?

A

Stearic acid

21
Q

Name a monounsaturated FA

A

Oleic acid

22
Q

Name a polyunsaturated FA

A

Arachidonic acid

23
Q

Draw cholesterol

A

(Lecture notes)

24
Q

What makes a membrane more fluid?

A

Less cholesterol
Short chain fatty acids
Kinks in unsaturated fatty acids
Less saturated fats

25
Q

Which phospholipids face the inside and outside of the cell?

A

Outside
Sphingomyelin
Phosphatidylcholine

Inside
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylethanolamine

26
Q

What is fluidity?

A

Ease with which lipids move about the plane in the bilayer

27
Q

What are the 2 types of fluidity?

A

Lateral diffusion and flexion/rotation

28
Q

How does cholesterol decrease fluidity?

A

Restricts random movement of polar heads

29
Q

Name cholesterol rich regions

A

Lipid rafts

30
Q

How do short chain FA increase fluidity?

A

Reduce the interaction between hydrocarbon chains

31
Q

How do kinks in unsaturated FA increase fluidity?

A

Less stable idid with other lipids

32
Q

How can cholesterol affect RBC?

A

Decrease fluidity so much shape changes, it can’t carry oxygen as well, which results in destroying the RBC

33
Q

Which 2 essential FA are given in the diet?

A

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

34
Q

What becomes essential if there isn’t enough linoleic acid?

A

Arachidonic acid

35
Q

What happens if you don’t have the essential FA?

A

Membrane fluidity and synthesis eicosanoids (immune signalling molecules) aren’t regulated

36
Q

What does a deficiency in essential FA cause?

A

Hair loss, bad cut healing and scaly dermatitis

37
Q

Why do membranes need protein?

A

Integrity

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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