BMS02-1003 Cell Membranes

Question 1

What does a peroxisome do?

Answer 1

Contains catalase and oxidases

Question 2

What do centrioles do?

Answer 2

Where spindle fibres develop from, they are made of microtubules

Question 3

What is chromatin?

Answer 3

It is made of DNA, RNA and protein and makes up chromosomes

Question 4

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 4

rRNA transcription

Question 5

What forms integral proteins?

Answer 5

alpha helix or beta pleated

Question 6

What are anchored proteins?

Answer 6

Covalently bound to the membrane by fatty acids

Question 7

What forms peripheral proteins?

Answer 7

Attach to the membrane by ionic bonds to integral proteins
OR
with the polar head of phospholipids

Question 8

What are lipids soluble/insoluble in?

Answer 8

Insoluble in water and soluble in fat and organic solvents

Question 9

Name 4 functions of lipids

Answer 9

Energy stores
Bile acids
Membrane structure
Precursors for vitamins and hormones (steroids)

Question 10

Name the 4 polar head groups

Answer 10

Serine
Choline
Ethanolamine
Inositol

Question 11

What connects the polar head to a glycerol back bone?

Answer 11

Phosphate group

Question 12

What is linked to the glycerol backbone?

Answer 12

2 fatty acyl chains bonded by ester bonds

Question 13

What’s the word for both water loving and hating?

Answer 13

Amphipathic

Question 14

Choline

Answer 14

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=4DED1C63ACE9151F006ABA7EDE3308A9F4579D45&thid=OIP.zqMFqN41jPFz035RMFgg4wHaFX&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fclassconnection.s3.amazonaws.com%2F1106%2Fflashcards%2F623352%2Fjpg%2Fcholine.jpg&exph=364&expw=502&q=choline+structure&selectedindex=5&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

Question 15

Serine

Answer 15

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=8D57050FB385FBFE2FF938D824FDD063EC8E369D&thid=OIP.jzsSYOTbppkCp-VhK6kfRgHaGz&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fclassconnection.s3.amazonaws.com%2F533%2Fflashcards%2F2948533%2Fjpg%2Fserine_2-146A5305B9947E5DE39.jpg&exph=845&expw=919&q=serine&selectedindex=4&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

Question 16

Ethanolamine

Answer 16

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=D1FA1D2C1A43696662E1BADFB0B21B3FFB2EB3F0&thid=OIP.oUZCaTzqbv0hhsyARm9bswHaHa&mediaurl=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.fishersci.com%2FTFS-Assets%2FCCG%2FChemical-Structures%2Fchemical-structure-cas-141-43-5.jpg-650.jpg&exph=650&expw=650&q=ethanolamine&selectedindex=5&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

Question 17

Inositol

Answer 17

https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&id=4BCCC448BBF9552B4F1CF145E61B0DA0D1484386&thid=OIP.z6ETEfvX1Um-AX_QqNPGMwHaE6&mediaurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutrientsreview.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F09%2FInositol.jpg&exph=391&expw=590&q=inositol+structure&selectedindex=0&ajaxhist=0&vt=0&eim=1,6

Question 18

Draw the structure of a glycerophospholipid?

Answer 18

(see lecture notes)

Question 19

Which phospholipid lacks a glycerol backbone?

Answer 19

Sphingomyelin

Question 20

Name a saturated FA?

Answer 20

Stearic acid

Question 21

Name a monounsaturated FA

Answer 21

Oleic acid

Question 22

Name a polyunsaturated FA

Answer 22

Arachidonic acid

Question 23

Draw cholesterol

Answer 23

(Lecture notes)

Question 24

What makes a membrane more fluid?

Answer 24

Less cholesterol
Short chain fatty acids
Kinks in unsaturated fatty acids
Less saturated fats

Question 25

Which phospholipids face the inside and outside of the cell?

Answer 25

Outside Sphingomyelin Phosphatidylcholine Inside Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylethanolamine

Question 26

What is fluidity?

Answer 26

Ease with which lipids move about the plane in the bilayer

Question 27

What are the 2 types of fluidity?

Answer 27

Lateral diffusion and flexion/rotation

Question 28

How does cholesterol decrease fluidity?

Answer 28

Restricts random movement of polar heads

Question 29

Name cholesterol rich regions

Answer 29

Lipid rafts

Question 30

How do short chain FA increase fluidity?

Answer 30

Reduce the interaction between hydrocarbon chains

Question 31

How do kinks in unsaturated FA increase fluidity?

Answer 31

Less stable idid with other lipids

Question 32

How can cholesterol affect RBC?

Answer 32

Decrease fluidity so much shape changes, it can't carry oxygen as well, which results in destroying the RBC

Question 33

Which 2 essential FA are given in the diet?

Answer 33

Linoleic acid | Linolenic acid

Question 34

What becomes essential if there isn't enough linoleic acid?

Answer 34

Arachidonic acid

Question 35

What happens if you don't have the essential FA?

Answer 35

Membrane fluidity and synthesis eicosanoids (immune signalling molecules) aren't regulated

Question 36

What does a deficiency in essential FA cause?

Answer 36

Hair loss, bad cut healing and scaly dermatitis

Question 37

Why do membranes need protein?

Answer 37

Integrity