BMS08-1009 Physiological Control Mechanisms

Question 1

Where is voluntary control initiated and by which NS? What may this control?

Answer 1

Cerebral cortex
CNS
Muscles

Question 2

What 2 things are involved involuntary control?

Answer 2

Modulatory mechanisms and reflexes

Question 3

Which 3 things are part of the involuntary control?

Answer 3

ANS e.g. BP
Endocrine system e.g. growth
Cellular mechanisms e.g. intracellular ionic concentrations

Question 4

What is the extracellular environment?

Answer 4

Blood pressure

Osmolarity

Question 5

What is the control of the body?

Answer 5

Movement

Function of organs

Question 6

What are the intracellular environments?

Answer 6

Ion concentrations

Energy production

Question 7

What are the 4 points of control?

Answer 7

Sensor
Set point
Comparator
Effector

Question 8

What is our temperature range?

Answer 8

36.1-37.2

Question 9

Set point - thermistor =

Answer 9

If its positive it turns it on, if its negative it turns it off

Question 10

From the sensory where does it go?

Answer 10

Afferent
Integrating centre
Efferent 
Effector 
Response

Question 11

What may cause signal delays?

Answer 11

Sensitivity limits

Question 12

What is feedforward control? Give 3 examples

Answer 12

Anticipatory responses

Fight or flight
Standing up from lying down
Food salivation

Question 13

Example of positive feedback

Answer 13

Child birth
Cercivs stretch 
Oxytocin
Contractions
Push baby against cervics

Question 14

What must you remember about the set point?

Answer 14

It is a range not an exact amount

Question 15

What 2 things can receptors be?

Answer 15

Receptor proteins

Structures that turn stimuli to electrical signals

Question 16

What is the receptor for blood pressure?

Answer 16

ANS

Question 17

How is plasma osmolarity controlled?

Answer 17

Drink lots of water 
Take in lots of salt 
Increase osmolarity 
ADH released 
More water reabsorbed

Question 18

Where is the temperature sensor?

Answer 18

Pons

Question 19

Where are the chemoreceptors?

Answer 19

Medulla oblongata

Question 20

How is lactation positive feedback?

Answer 20

Suckling stimulates nerves

Hypothalamus makes the pituitary release oxytocin and prolactin for milk release and production

Question 21

What causes parkinsons?

Answer 21

Lack of a damping effect of the dopamine so muscles get very tense