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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS10-1018 Muscle Histology > Flashcards

BMS10-1018 Muscle Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Which non-muscle cells make up muscle tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

Exocrine epithelial

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2
Q

What do myoepithelial muscle cells do?

A

Secrete milk

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3
Q

What are the precursors?

A

Myoblasts

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4
Q

What do dorsal medial cells form, with an example?

A

Myotome muscles e.g. deep back muscles

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5
Q

What do ventral lateral lip cells form with an example?

A

Hypaxial myotome e.g. body wall muscles

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6
Q

Where do these 2 types of cells originate?

A

Lips of the dermomyotome

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7
Q

What forms myosin?

A

Myoblast fusion

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8
Q

When and what does the endo, peri and epimysium fuse?

A

With dense collagenous connective tissue of the tendon at the myotendinous junction

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9
Q

What does the endomysium of skeletal muscles contain?

A

Blood vessels

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

What are myofibres?

A

Skeletal muscle fibres

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11
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle

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12
Q

Striations

A

Alternating light and dark bands appearing across the length of the fibre

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13
Q

What makes up thick filaments?

A

Myosin

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14
Q

M line

A

Down the middle of the myofibril due to creatine kinase

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15
Q

H zone

A

Myosin

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16
Q

A band

A

Overlap of actin and myosin

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17
Q

I band

A

Actin

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18
Q

Z line

A

Border of the sarcomere

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19
Q

Costameres

A

Regions associated with the sarcolemma of skeletal muscles that transfer the force from the sarcomere to the extracellular matrix at the Z line so its transferred to neighbouring sarcomeres

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20
Q

What innervates a myofibre?

A

One motorneuron

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21
Q

NMJ

A

Where nerves form synapses on the muscle fibre membrane

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22
Q

How many muscle fibres does a motorneuron have contact with and what is this called?

A

Many, a motor unit

23
Q

What does a large muscle unit indicate?

A

Don’t need a fine degree of control

24
Q

How many NMJ does a muscle fibre have?

A

Normally 1

25
Q

Motor unit

A

Muscle fibres innervated by the same motor neuron

26
Q

Where is fast myosin found?

A

White muscle fibres

27
Q

Why do fast fibres quickly fatigue?

A

Have little myoglobin (oxygen binding protein)

28
Q

Where are slow fibres found?

A

Red muscle fibres

29
Q

Which 2 parts of the body don’t have a mix of both fast and slow fibres?

A

Posture muscles are all slow

Eye muscles are all fast

30
Q

Where are triads?

A

Pair at the A I border

31
Q

T tubules

A

Allows for propagation of the action potential

32
Q

What is a triad?

A

T tubules with the sarcoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

Terminal cisternae

A

Enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum around T tubules for Ca release

34
Q

Muscle fibres are specialised…

A

Post-mitotic cells

35
Q

Can nuclei of fibres re enter the cell cycle?

A

No so they cant divide

36
Q

What is on the surface of muscle fibres?

A

Satellite cells

37
Q

Are satellite cells always active?

A

No mainly they aren’t dividing but they can be activated to enter the cell cycle to become myoblasts

38
Q

What do myoblasts become?

A

Fuse to make new myofibres

Specialise to provide myonuclei for existing fibres

39
Q

What do satellite cells sits on?

A

Basal lamina

40
Q

Where are the nuclei in cardiac cells?

A

Centrally

41
Q

How do cells connect and what do they form?

A

Intercalated discs to form a functional syncytium

42
Q

What are intercalated disks?

A

Modified Z lines

43
Q

What allows for transmission of action potentials?

A

Gap junctions

44
Q

Why cant we regenerate cardiac muscle?

A

No satellite cells

45
Q

What does actin connect to either side of the gap junction?

A

Desmosome

Fascia adherens

46
Q

What NS modulate HR?

A

Para and sym

47
Q

Why doesn’t the heart rely on neurons?

A

Uses the muscle cells and purkinje fibres

48
Q

What are purkinje fibres?

A

Conductive myocytes

49
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

Walls of vessels, respiratory tract, gut and urinary tract

50
Q

What surrounds smooth muscle?

A

Basal lamina and connective tissue

51
Q

What are smooth muscles filled with?

A

Actin and not a lot of myosin

52
Q

How does electrical excitation spread?

A

Gap junctions

53
Q

Why aren’t smooth muscles striated?

A

Different composition of actin and myosin

54
Q

What controls contraction?

A

Hormones

Sym VS Para

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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