BMS03-1022 Pharmocology of the ANS

Question 1

What can cause change in gene expression?

Answer 1

Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Growth factors
Cytokines

Question 2

What does the ANS act on?

Answer 2

Cardiovascular system

Other organs

Question 3

What does the somatic nervous system act on?

Answer 3

Skeletal muscles

Question 4

Which division of the NS is voluntary?

Answer 4

Somatic

Question 5

What are visceral organs?

Answer 5

Organs containing smooth muscle

Question 6

Whats the difference between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?

Answer 6

Both respond to acetylcholine but nicotinic act as sodium channels while muscarinic phosphorylate second messenger models

Question 7

Describe the path of a somatic motor neuron

Answer 7

Straight to the muscle fibre

Question 8

Which NT acts on the salivary gland?

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

Question 9

Which NT acts on blood vessels?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine and then noradrenaline

Question 10

What NT acts on the sweat gland?q

Answer 10

Acetylcholine

Question 11

What NT acts on the adrenal medulla?

Answer 11

Acetylcholine

Question 12

Which NS has a longer presynaptic neurons?

Answer 12

Parasympathetic

Question 13

What type of receptors do muscles and the adrenal medulla have?

Answer 13

Nicotinic

Question 14

Which receptor is at the synapse half way through the path to the salivary glad, blood vessels and sweat gland?

Answer 14

Nicotinic

Question 15

Which receptor is at the end of the neuronal path of the sweat and salivary gland?

Answer 15

Muscarinic

Question 16

What kind of receptor is the muscarinic?

Answer 16

GPCR

Question 17

Describe the structure of the nicotinic receptor

Answer 17

In a circle, alpha, beta, alpha and then 2 more subunits

Question 18

What are the subtypes of the muscarinic receptors?

Answer 18

M1-M5

Question 19

Which subtype acts on cardiac muscle and how does it work?

Answer 19

M2 slows down the heart rate by decreasing cAMP

Question 20

Which subtype acts on smooth muscle and how does it work?

Answer 20

M3 raises IP3 to increase Ca so they can work faster

Question 21

Name all types of the adrenergic receptors

Answer 21

a1 1
a1 2
a1 3
a2 1
a2 2
a2 3

b1
b2
b3

Question 22

What does a1 do?

Answer 22

Make IP3 and use a second messenger model to make Ca

Question 23

What does a2 do?

Answer 23

Decrease the amount of cAMP so noradrenaline release is decreased

Question 24

What do the b1, 2 and 3 do?

Answer 24

Increase cAMP

Question 25

Where is b1 mainly found?

Answer 25

Cardiac tissue

Question 26

Where is b2 mainly found?

Answer 26

Airways

Question 27

Where is b3 mainly found?

Answer 27

Adipose

Question 28

What's it called if 2 NT are released together?

Answer 28

Co-transmission

Question 29

If the ANS is neither adrenergic or cholinergic what is it?

Answer 29

Non adrenergic non cholinergic

Question 30

How do we get differential control of target cell function?

Answer 30

Stronger levels of stimulation result in different patterns of NT release

Question 31

Where can NANC transmission occur?

Answer 31

In ganglionic and post-ganglionic synapses

Question 32

Give an example of postganglionic sympathetic using NANC

Answer 32

Release neuropeptide Y and ATP with noradrenaline for vasoconstriction

Question 33

Give an example of postganglionic parasympathetic using NANC

Answer 33

Release nitric oxide and acetylcholine for vasodilation

Question 34

Describe sympathetic output when not in stress?

Answer 34

Organ specific

Question 35

What can the parasympathetic NS affect?

Answer 35

Arteries Metabolism Renin secretion

Question 36

What is the only gland the sympathetic NS affects?

Answer 36

Salivary

Question 37

What is the brain of the gut?

Answer 37

Enteric nervous system

Question 38

Describe the GI tract innveration?

Answer 38

Plexus of sensory, motor and interneurons forming 2 layers in the walls

Question 39

Which type of receptor is used?

Answer 39

NANC

Question 40

What NT are used?

Answer 40

Acetylcholine Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide Nitric oxide

Question 41

What does the ENS control?

Answer 41

Blood flow Fluid transport Peristalsis (muscle contraction) Glandular secretion

Question 42

How is the para and sym NS used?

Answer 42

Affects are exerted indirectly and modified by ENS

Question 43

How do you treat MI and related disorders?

Answer 43

Block sympathetic through b1

Question 44

How do you treat asthma?

Answer 44

Block B2 or M receptors

Question 45

How do you treat an over active bladder?

Answer 45

Block M3/A1 or activate B3

Question 46

How can you treat hypertension?

Answer 46

Block A1 to stop symp vasocontriction

Question 47

How can you delay premature labour?

Answer 47

Block B2

Question 48

What do M antagonists do?

Answer 48

Speed up the heart, treat glaucoma and stimulate GI motility

Question 49

What does botox do?

Answer 49

Reduces acetylcholine release