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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS03-1016 Organisation of the NS > Flashcards

BMS03-1016 Organisation of the NS Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A 
Brain
Spine
Axons
Cell bodies
Supporting cells
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2
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Axons
Ganglia
Supporting cells

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3
Q

What do neuroglia dp? (2)

A

Support the neuron and regulated interstitial fluid & nutrition

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4
Q

Which is the largest glial cell?

A

Astrocyte

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5
Q

What is the most numerous Glial cell?

A

Astrocyte

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6
Q

What are astrocytes in contact with? (3)

A

Cell body
Axon
Capillary walls

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7
Q

How do astrocytes offer structural strength?

A

Microfilaments to give the CNS strength

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8
Q

How are astrocytes involved in injury?

A

They restabalise the structure by making scar tissue

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9
Q

Give 5 functions of astrocytes

A 
Maintain the blood brain barrier
Stabalisation after injury
Direct neural growth during development
Give the CNS strength
Control the interstitial environment including recycling neurotransmitters (ions, nutrients & gasses)
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10
Q

What do ependymal cells line?

A

Chambers and passageways of the CNA which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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11
Q

What are ependymal cells in contact with?

A

Glial cells

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12
Q

What do satellite cells surround?

A

Cell bodies in ganglia

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13
Q

What do satellite cells do?

A

Regulate oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels

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14
Q

Where are cell bodies found in the PNS?

A

In ganglia

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15
Q

What are cell bodies supported by in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells

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16
Q

Where are most cell bodies contained?

A

CNS

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17
Q

What do somatic nerves supply?

A

Body wall
Skeletal muscle
Skin

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18
Q

What type of nerves are somatic nerves?

A

Both motor and sensory

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19
Q

Which 3 nerve types are in the PNS?

A

Somatic nerves
Nerves of special sensation
Autonomic nerves

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20
Q

What type of nerves are autonomic nerves?

A

Motor and sensory

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21
Q

What do autonomic nerves supply?

A

Internal organs

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22
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

A

Outside the CNS in ganglia

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23
Q

Do sensory axons have synapses?

A

No

24
Q

Do motor ganglia have synpases?

A

Yes

25
Q

Which part of the NS do motor ganglia belong to?

A

Autonomic

26
Q

Where do somatic/special sensation nerves normally originate from?

A

Spine or brain

27
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area supplied by a single spinal nerve

28
Q

What is a myotome?

A

An area of muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve

29
Q

Which type of matter has which neuron?

A

White has sensory and grey has motor

30
Q

What are rami?

A

Brancg

31
Q

Which spinal nerves don’t join the plexus?

A

T2-T12

32
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Network of nerves

33
Q

Name the 4 plexus

A

Cervical
Branchial
Lumbar
Sacral

34
Q

What does each end branch of the plexus contain?

A

Fibres from several different spinal nerves

35
Q

What do motor fibres innervate?

A

Smooth muscle and glands

36
Q

When do motor fibres not act directly?

A

In the GI tract they modulate the ANS and in the SAN

37
Q

Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons?

A

Ganglia outside the CNS

38
Q

Where are the ganglia of sensory fibres?

A

Posterior root ganglia of the spinal nerves

Sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves

39
Q

Describe an autonomic motor pathway

A

Cell body of the first nerve is in the CNS, it then extends to the autonomic ganglion where is synapses

The next axon coming from that cell body goes to an effector organ

40
Q

Describe a somatic pathway

A

One nerve goes straight to the effector

41
Q

Which part of the NS innervates the organs?

A

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic as they act as inhibitory and excitatory

42
Q

Where is the sympathetic NS distributed?

A

Body wall and organs

43
Q

Where does the sympathetic NS arise?

A

T1-L2

44
Q

What does the sympathetic NS act on?

A

Sweat glands, erector pili, blood vessels and all organs

45
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk?

A

The connector of nerve fibres to rami

46
Q

Strong sympathetic activity leads to…

A 
Staring
Clammy skin
Dry mouth 
Hair on ends 
Sink in stomach
47
Q

When is the only time the sympathetic NS reaches consciousness?

A

Pain
Sickness when organs are damaged
Needing a wee
Cardiac angina

48
Q

Where is the PNS distributed?

A

Head and thorax

49
Q

Where does the PNS arise?

A

Cranio-sacral nerve, cranial nerves 3 7 9 10 and sacral spinal nerves S2-S4

50
Q

Which part of the NS are the preganglionic neurons of the SNS and PNS in?

A

CNS

51
Q

Does the SNS or PNS have a longer preganglionic fibre?

A

PNS

52
Q

Does the SNS or PNS have a longer postganglionic fibre?

A

SNS

53
Q

How do dermatomes deal with damage?

A

If one is damaged the one next to it will sprout over into that area so you wouldn’t notice the damage

54
Q

What is a root nerve?

A

The initial sprouting point of a nerve from the spinal chord

55
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

56
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

30

57
Q

Where do the spinal and cranial nerves go to first?

A

The periphery nervous system

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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