BMS03-1016 Organisation of the NS

Question 1

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 1

Brain
Spine
Axons
Cell bodies
Supporting cells

Question 2

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 2

Axons
Ganglia
Supporting cells

Question 3

What do neuroglia dp? (2)

Answer 3

Support the neuron and regulated interstitial fluid & nutrition

Question 4

Which is the largest glial cell?

Answer 4

Astrocyte

Question 5

What is the most numerous Glial cell?

Answer 5

Astrocyte

Question 6

What are astrocytes in contact with? (3)

Answer 6

Cell body
Axon
Capillary walls

Question 7

How do astrocytes offer structural strength?

Answer 7

Microfilaments to give the CNS strength

Question 8

How are astrocytes involved in injury?

Answer 8

They restabalise the structure by making scar tissue

Question 9

Give 5 functions of astrocytes

Answer 9

Maintain the blood brain barrier
Stabalisation after injury
Direct neural growth during development
Give the CNS strength
Control the interstitial environment including recycling neurotransmitters (ions, nutrients & gasses)

Question 10

What do ependymal cells line?

Answer 10

Chambers and passageways of the CNA which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 11

What are ependymal cells in contact with?

Answer 11

Glial cells

Question 12

What do satellite cells surround?

Answer 12

Cell bodies in ganglia

Question 13

What do satellite cells do?

Answer 13

Regulate oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels

Question 14

Where are cell bodies found in the PNS?

Answer 14

In ganglia

Question 15

What are cell bodies supported by in the PNS?

Answer 15

Satellite cells

Question 16

Where are most cell bodies contained?

Answer 16

CNS

Question 17

What do somatic nerves supply?

Answer 17

Body wall
Skeletal muscle
Skin

Question 18

What type of nerves are somatic nerves?

Answer 18

Both motor and sensory

Question 19

Which 3 nerve types are in the PNS?

Answer 19

Somatic nerves
Nerves of special sensation
Autonomic nerves

Question 20

What type of nerves are autonomic nerves?

Answer 20

Motor and sensory

Question 21

What do autonomic nerves supply?

Answer 21

Internal organs

Question 22

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons?

Answer 22

Outside the CNS in ganglia

Question 23

Do sensory axons have synapses?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Do motor ganglia have synpases?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Which part of the NS do motor ganglia belong to?

Answer 25

Autonomic

Question 26

Where do somatic/special sensation nerves normally originate from?

Answer 26

Spine or brain

Question 27

What is a dermatome?

Answer 27

An area supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 28

What is a myotome?

Answer 28

An area of muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve

Question 29

Which type of matter has which neuron?

Answer 29

White has sensory and grey has motor

Question 30

What are rami?

Answer 30

Brancg

Question 31

Which spinal nerves don't join the plexus?

Answer 31

T2-T12

Question 32

What is a plexus?

Answer 32

Network of nerves

Question 33

Name the 4 plexus

Answer 33

Cervical Branchial Lumbar Sacral

Question 34

What does each end branch of the plexus contain?

Answer 34

Fibres from several different spinal nerves

Question 35

What do motor fibres innervate?

Answer 35

Smooth muscle and glands

Question 36

When do motor fibres not act directly?

Answer 36

In the GI tract they modulate the ANS and in the SAN

Question 37

Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons?

Answer 37

Ganglia outside the CNS

Question 38

Where are the ganglia of sensory fibres?

Answer 38

Posterior root ganglia of the spinal nerves | Sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves

Question 39

Describe an autonomic motor pathway

Answer 39

Cell body of the first nerve is in the CNS, it then extends to the autonomic ganglion where is synapses The next axon coming from that cell body goes to an effector organ

Question 40

Describe a somatic pathway

Answer 40

One nerve goes straight to the effector

Question 41

Which part of the NS innervates the organs?

Answer 41

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic as they act as inhibitory and excitatory

Question 42

Where is the sympathetic NS distributed?

Answer 42

Body wall and organs

Question 43

Where does the sympathetic NS arise?

Answer 43

T1-L2

Question 44

What does the sympathetic NS act on?

Answer 44

Sweat glands, erector pili, blood vessels and all organs

Question 45

What is the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 45

The connector of nerve fibres to rami

Question 46

Strong sympathetic activity leads to...

Answer 46

``` Staring Clammy skin Dry mouth Hair on ends Sink in stomach ```

Question 47

When is the only time the sympathetic NS reaches consciousness?

Answer 47

Pain Sickness when organs are damaged Needing a wee Cardiac angina

Question 48

Where is the PNS distributed?

Answer 48

Head and thorax

Question 49

Where does the PNS arise?

Answer 49

Cranio-sacral nerve, cranial nerves 3 7 9 10 and sacral spinal nerves S2-S4

Question 50

Which part of the NS are the preganglionic neurons of the SNS and PNS in?

Answer 50

CNS

Question 51

Does the SNS or PNS have a longer preganglionic fibre?

Answer 51

PNS

Question 52

Does the SNS or PNS have a longer postganglionic fibre?

Answer 52

SNS

Question 53

How do dermatomes deal with damage?

Answer 53

If one is damaged the one next to it will sprout over into that area so you wouldn't notice the damage

Question 54

What is a root nerve?

Answer 54

The initial sprouting point of a nerve from the spinal chord

Question 55

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 55

12

Question 56

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 56

30

Question 57

Where do the spinal and cranial nerves go to first?

Answer 57

The periphery nervous system