BMS02-1007 Future of Dentistry

Question 1

Hypodontia

Answer 1

Missing up to 5 teeth

Question 2

Holoprosencephaly

Answer 2

Brain doesn’t divide into left and right

Question 3

3 genetic abnormalities

Answer 3

Hypodontia
Holoprosencephaly
Cleft palate

Question 4

How do we now identify them?

Answer 4

Prenatal screening gene therapy

Question 5

Where do we get embryonic stem cells?

Answer 5

Blastocyst

Question 6

Nuclear transfer

Answer 6

Getting embryonic stem cells from adults

Question 7

IPSC

Answer 7

Induced pluripotent cells are adult stem cells that are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic like state by introducing their genes

Question 8

How can we now identify periodontal disease, what does this mean?

Answer 8

Genetic basis

We can use stem cells

Question 9

3 ways to deal with caries?

Answer 9

Microbiomome (looking at the bacteria)
Tooth regeneration
Biological fillings

Question 10

Exome sequencing

Answer 10

Protein coding genes

Question 11

Mapping

Answer 11

Whole genome sequencing

Question 12

How is the genome wide association used?

Answer 12

To find which variants lead to certain diseases

Question 13

Epigenetics

Answer 13

Diet and environmental exposure can cause changes in them- heritable changes in gene expression

Regulate function aspects of genes

Question 14

How can stem cells be used for caries?

Answer 14

Encourage differentiation to odontoblasts to regenerate tissue

Question 15

If stem cells don’t differentiate for ages what do they do?

Answer 15

Self renewal

Question 16

3 types of stem cells

Answer 16

Embryonic
Adult
Induced pluripotent

Question 17

How are IPSC made?

Answer 17

Put embryonic genes in adult stem cells

Question 18

Wnt

Answer 18

Over stimulate the pathway to prepare early tissue damage

Question 19

What do stem cells form?

Answer 19

Aggregates