BMS10-1020 The Heart

Question 1

Which nerves supply the heart?

Answer 1

Phrenic nerves

Question 2

Where does the apex sit?

Answer 2

5th intercostal space

Question 3

Describe the hearts orientation?

Answer 3

Tipped pyramid

Question 4

What does the base face?

Answer 4

Vertebrae

Question 5

What are the 3 side surfaces?

Answer 5

Diaphragmatic
Anterior
Left and right pulmonary

Question 6

What artery leaves the right ventricle?

Answer 6

Pulmonary artery

Question 7

Name the 4 valves and their locations

Answer 7

Tricuspid R A-V
Pulmonary R V
Mitrial L A-V
Aortic L V

Question 8

What comes off the arch of the aorta?

Answer 8

Left common carotid
Left subclavian
Left branchiocephalic trunk

Question 9

What does the superior vena cava branch into?

Answer 9

2 branchiocephalic veins

Question 10

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

Answer 10

Right common carotid

Right internal jugular

Question 11

Which valve has 2 cusps instead of 3?

Answer 11

Mitral

Question 12

Which part of the heart filling is mainly passive?

Answer 12

Left ventricle to left atrium

Question 13

Lubb

Answer 13

Closing the AV valve

Question 14

Dubb

Answer 14

Closing of the semi lunar valve

Question 15

Is lubb or dub quieter?

Answer 15

Lubb

Question 16

What is an auricle?

Answer 16

Out pouching of the atrium

Question 17

What do papillary muscles do?

Answer 17

Stop backflow of blood

Question 18

Where is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 18

Right atrium

Question 19

What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 19

Remains of a thing fibrous sheet that covered the foreman ovalue in the foetus (how blood by passed the lungs)

Question 20

What does the coronary sinus do?

Answer 20

Drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium

Question 21

What do the chordae tendinaea do?

Answer 21

This is a connective tissue joining the papillary muscle to the tricuspid and mitral valves

Question 22

What separates the ventricles?

Answer 22

Interventricular septum

Question 23

Caval opening

Answer 23

Where the inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm

Question 24

Atrioventricular oriface

Answer 24

The hole between the atria and ventricle

Question 25

Trabecular carnae

Answer 25

Similar role to papillary muscles but for the mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 26

Why is the left atrium smoother?

Answer 26

It has smoother and thinner pectinate muscles in the inner wall (hair comb muscle fibres)

Question 27

What is the ductus arteriosis

Answer 27

Fossa ovalis

Question 28

Where do coronary arteries arise?

Answer 28

Aortic sinuses

Question 29

What are aortic sinuses?

Answer 29

Dilation of the aorta

Question 30

Where are aortic sinuses?

Answer 30

Superior to the aortic valve

Question 31

Which branches supply the sides of the heart?

Answer 31

R nodal

L circumflex

Question 32

What drains into the coronary sinus and where do these vessels run?

Answer 32

Great, middle and small cardiac veins, in the atrioventricular grove

Question 33

What needs to connect to the nodal branch to give us the blood?

Answer 33

SAN and AVN

Question 34

What branches from the coronary arteries?

Answer 34

Circumflex and nodal branches

Question 35

3 roles of the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 35

Anchor valve cusps
Prevent over dilation of valves
Electrical insulation

Question 36

Describe the layer of the pericardial sac

Answer 36

Visceral (serous epicardium)
Pericardial cavity
Parietal (serous pericardium)
Fibrous pericardium

Question 37

4 functions of the pericardial sac

Answer 37

Anchorage
Stop over filling
Lubrication
Protection

Question 38

What is the pericardium attached to?

Answer 38

Diaphragm and sternum

Continuous with the tunica adventitia of the great vessels

Question 39

When do carotid arteries fill?

Answer 39

In diastole

Question 40

What branches from the aorta first?

Answer 40

2 coronary arteries