BMS10-1012 Mediastinum

Question 1

What is the sternal angle?

Answer 1

Between the sternal body and the manubrium

Question 2

Superior mediastinum

Answer 2

Manubrium

RIbs 2-4

Question 3

Inferior mediastinum

Answer 3

Ribs 5-12
Diaphragm
Heart
Sternum

Question 4

Anterior mediastinum contents and boundaries

Answer 4

Fat which used to be the thymus when young

Sternum and pericardium

Question 5

Posterior mediastinum contents and boundaries

Answer 5

Sympathetic chain
Azygos vein
Descending aorta 
Thoracic duct
Oesophagus 
Between pericardium and posterior thorax

Question 6

Middle mediastinum

Answer 6

Heart

Question 7

Transverse thoracic plane

Answer 7

Between T4 and T5 dividing the thorax into superior and inferior

Question 8

Contents of the superior mediastinum

Answer 8

Aortic arch
Sympathetic chain
Vagus nerve
Cardiac plexus
Phrenic nerves 
Thoracic duct 
Superior vena cava 
Branchiocephalic vein
Lymph nodes 
Left recurrent laryngeal

Question 9

Where does the vagus nerve go

Answer 9

Hooks under the aortic arch to head back upwards

Question 10

What joins to form the vena cava?

Answer 10

Branchiocephalic
Subclavian
Internal jugular

Question 11

Where does the sympathetic chain arise?

Answer 11

T1-L2

Question 12

Left recurrent laryngeal

Answer 12

Where the vagus nerve curves under to go back to the larynx

Question 13

Which is in front, the oesophagus or trachea?

Answer 13

Trachea

Question 14

Which nerve travels with the oesophagus?

Answer 14

Vagus

Question 15

Which is the largest lymphatic vessel?

Answer 15

Thoracic duct

Question 16

Contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 16

Descending aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygos vein system
Oesophagus
Trachae 
Bronchi 
Sympathetic nerve chain 
Intercostal arteries

Question 17

Where does the aorta descend?

Answer 17

Left of vertebral bodies

Question 18

Where does the aorta emerge?

Answer 18

Behind the diaphragm at T12

Question 19

Key branches off the descending thoracic aorta

Answer 19

Bronchial 
Aortic arch 
Common carotid
Branchiocephalic
Left subclavian 
Bronchial 
Pericardiophrenic
Intercostal
Internal thoracic 
Costocervical trunk

Question 20

When does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 20

T10

Question 21

Where do the azygos vein system and thoracic duct lie in regards to the aorta?

Answer 21

Posterior

Question 22

How do azygos and hemiazygos veins join?

Answer 22

Hemiazygos travels across the vertebrae to join

Question 23

Which side is the azygos system on?

Answer 23

Right

Question 24

What do azygos and hemiazygos nerves join?

Answer 24

Superior vena cava

Question 25

What does the thoracic duct do?

Answer 25

Collect lymph from the intestines and lower limbs

Question 26

Where does the thoracic duct run?

Answer 26

Between the descending aorta and oesophagus

Question 27

Where does it empty?

Answer 27

Where the left internal jugular and subclavian veins meet

Question 28

Cisterna chyli

Answer 28

Holds lymph while it wait to travel up the body

Question 29

What protects intercostal nerves?

Answer 29

Costal groove

Question 30

Which nerves innervate the diaphragm?

Answer 30

Phrenic nerves C3, 4 and 5

Question 31

What does the pulmonary trunk from the heart divide into

Answer 31

Left and right pulmonary arteries