BMS10-1012 Mediastinum Flashcards
What is the sternal angle?
Between the sternal body and the manubrium
Superior mediastinum
Manubrium
RIbs 2-4
Inferior mediastinum
Ribs 5-12
Diaphragm
Heart
Sternum
Anterior mediastinum contents and boundaries
Fat which used to be the thymus when young
Sternum and pericardium
Posterior mediastinum contents and boundaries
Sympathetic chain Azygos vein Descending aorta Thoracic duct Oesophagus Between pericardium and posterior thorax
Middle mediastinum
Heart
Transverse thoracic plane
Between T4 and T5 dividing the thorax into superior and inferior
Contents of the superior mediastinum
Aortic arch Sympathetic chain Vagus nerve Cardiac plexus Phrenic nerves Thoracic duct Superior vena cava Branchiocephalic vein Lymph nodes Left recurrent laryngeal
Where does the vagus nerve go
Hooks under the aortic arch to head back upwards
What joins to form the vena cava?
Branchiocephalic
Subclavian
Internal jugular
Where does the sympathetic chain arise?
T1-L2
Left recurrent laryngeal
Where the vagus nerve curves under to go back to the larynx
Which is in front, the oesophagus or trachea?
Trachea
Which nerve travels with the oesophagus?
Vagus
Which is the largest lymphatic vessel?
Thoracic duct
Contents of posterior mediastinum
Descending aorta Thoracic duct Azygos vein system Oesophagus Trachae Bronchi Sympathetic nerve chain Intercostal arteries
Where does the aorta descend?
Left of vertebral bodies
Where does the aorta emerge?
Behind the diaphragm at T12
Key branches off the descending thoracic aorta
Bronchial Aortic arch Common carotid Branchiocephalic Left subclavian Bronchial Pericardiophrenic Intercostal Internal thoracic Costocervical trunk
When does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10
Where do the azygos vein system and thoracic duct lie in regards to the aorta?
Posterior
How do azygos and hemiazygos veins join?
Hemiazygos travels across the vertebrae to join
Which side is the azygos system on?
Right
What do azygos and hemiazygos nerves join?
Superior vena cava
What does the thoracic duct do?
Collect lymph from the intestines and lower limbs
Where does the thoracic duct run?
Between the descending aorta and oesophagus
Where does it empty?
Where the left internal jugular and subclavian veins meet
Cisterna chyli
Holds lymph while it wait to travel up the body
What protects intercostal nerves?
Costal groove
Which nerves innervate the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerves C3, 4 and 5
What does the pulmonary trunk from the heart divide into
Left and right pulmonary arteries
