BMS02-1005/49 Protein Structure

Question 1

What makes up cementum? (2)

Answer 1

Collagen

Glycoproteins

Question 2

What makes up dentin? (3)

Answer 2

Collagen
Glycoproteins
Proteoglycans

Question 3

What makes up enamel? (2)

Answer 3

Amelogenins

Enamelins

Question 4

Glycine

Answer 4

H

Non polar

Question 5

Alanine structure

Answer 5

CH3

Non polar

Question 6

Valine

Answer 6

Non polar

Question 7

Leucine

Answer 7

Non polar

Question 8

Serine

Answer 8

CH2 OH
Uncharged
Polar

Question 9

Phenylalanine structure

Answer 9

CH2 benzene

Question 10

Tyrosine

Answer 10

Uncharged

Polar

Question 11

Cysteine

Answer 11

CH2 SH

Non polar

Question 12

Asparagine structure

Answer 12

Uncharged

Polar

Question 13

Glutamine structure

Answer 13

Uncharged

Polar

Question 14

Aspartic acid

Answer 14

Negative

Question 15

Glutamic acid

Answer 15

Negative

Question 16

Histidine

Answer 16

Positive

Question 17

Lysine

Answer 17

Positive

Question 18

Arginine

Answer 18

Positive

Question 19

Name the 3 bases

Answer 19

Lysine
Histidine
Arginine

Question 20

Name the 3 acids

Answer 20

Glutamine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid

Question 21

Phenylalanine

Answer 21

Non polar

Question 22

Proline

Answer 22

Non polar

Question 23

What is the N and C terminal?

Answer 23

The free NH3+

The free COO-

Question 24

Describe the peptide bone resonance structure

Answer 24

CN bond is shorter and is a double with the N +

CO is a single and the O is -

Question 25

Which bond in AA is especially rigid?

Answer 25

CN

Question 26

Describe the primary structure

Answer 26

Sequence of AA, main force is hydrophobic

Question 27

Describe the secondary structure

Answer 27

HB into alpha helix or beta pleated

Question 28

Describe the tertiary structure

Answer 28

The chain folds upon itself, philic, phobic, ionic, disulphide etc due to side chain interactions

Question 29

Describe the special properties of cysteine (4)

Answer 29

Is a very reactive group Strong reducing agent Forms strong covalent bonds Easily oxidised to form a dimer

Question 30

Describe the hydrogen bond

Answer 30

Strongest idid | OH, NH, F

Question 31

Where does the hydrogen bond form

Answer 31

Between the amino group and the double bonded oxygen at every 4th peptide

Question 32

Where do side chains lie in the beta pleat?

Answer 32

Above and below the plane sheet

Question 33

Name the 2 types of beta pleat

Answer 33

Antiparallel (S shaped) and parallel (dome over the top)

Question 34

If a protein has lots of beta pleats what does this indicate?

Answer 34

No elasticity and high strength

Question 35

What is the supersecondary structure?

Answer 35

Combinations of the secondary structure

Question 36

Name some common domains

Answer 36

B barrel A B barrel B hairpin Rossman fold (3 B)

Question 37

Domain 1

Answer 37

A B barrel

Question 38

Domain 2

Answer 38

B barrel

Question 39

Domain 3

Answer 39

A B sheet

Question 40

Name the 3 post translational modifications

Answer 40

Glycosylation Addition of sugar Can be O linked or N linked Phosphorylation Turns on protein kinase or enzymes Methylation NH2 groups in lysine and arginine

Question 41

What are the 2 modified proteins in collagen?

Answer 41

Hydroyproline and hydroxylsyine

Question 42

What are the 3 AA in collagen?

Answer 42

Glycine | Mainly proline and hydroxyl-proline

Question 43

Examples of type 1 collagen

Answer 43

Skin, bone, tendon, dentine

Question 44

Examples of type 2 collagen

Answer 44

Cartilage

Question 45

Examples of type 3 collagen

Answer 45

Blood vessels Lungs Pulp

Question 46

What happens in scurvy?

Answer 46

Unstable collagen so you bruise easy, old wounds reopen, gums bleed, bad healing and GI bleeds