BMS09-1014 Bone Development

Question 1

What shape are osteoblasts?

Answer 1

Cuboidal

Question 2

What do osteoblasts do?

Answer 2

Form bone

Question 3

What is osteoid?

Answer 3

Mineralised bone matrix

Question 4

Where are osteoprogenitor cells found?

Answer 4

Periosteum on top of osteoblasts

Question 5

What is stroma?

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

Where are osteoblasts found?

Answer 6

On bone surfaces

Question 7

How do osteocytes communicate?

Answer 7

Cannaliculi and gap junctions

Question 8

Function of lining cells?

Answer 8

To prepare the bone surface for resorption

Question 9

What were lining cells originally?

Answer 9

Osteoblasts

Question 10

Where are osteocytes found?

Answer 10

In lacunae

Question 11

What are volkmanns canals?

Answer 11

The things that connect haversian canals

Question 12

What are haversian canals?

Answer 12

Carries blood vessels and nerves through the bone

Question 13

Compare cortical and trabecular bone

Answer 13

Cortical is outside trabecular bone and is more compact

Question 14

Where do you find haversian canals?

Answer 14

Cortical bone

Question 15

What is lamellae bone

Answer 15

Remodelled woven bone

Question 16

What is woven bone?

Answer 16

Immature bone

Question 17

What is an osteon?

Answer 17

Haversion canals surrounded by lamellae

Question 18

Name the 3 types of lamella

Answer 18

Circumferential
Interstitial
Concentric

Question 19

Where are osteons?

Answer 19

Cortical

Question 20

Where are lamellae?

Answer 20

Both mature bone types

Question 21

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 21

Articular growth plate

Epiphyseal joint

Question 22

Where is the periosteum

Answer 22

On the edge of the bone

Question 23

Where is the endosteum?

Answer 23

Lining each bone marrow space

Question 24

What cells are there lots of in bone marrow?

Answer 24

Megakaryocytes
Macrophages
Lipid

Question 25

Where are the osteo cells found in the endo or peri?

Answer 25

Periosteum

Question 26

What happens to bone marrow with age?

Answer 26

Fills with lots of fat

Question 27

Where is articular cartilage?

Answer 27

At the ends of bones

Question 28

Describe the nuceli of osteoblasts?

Answer 28

Multi

Question 29

Which stem cell is the main chondro osteo precursor?

Answer 29

Mesenchymal

Question 30

Which osteo cell is made by haematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 30

Osteoclasts

Question 31

What do clasts remove and leave?

Answer 31

Remove mineral but leave cartilage for hydrolytic enzymes

Question 32

How do clasts eat?

Answer 32

Acidification

Question 33

Describe clasts border

Answer 33

Ruffled

Question 34

Howships lacuna

Answer 34

Erosion of bone due to clasts

Question 35

How do clasts operate?

Answer 35

Joins sealing zone and makes ruffled border and releases acid to demineralise it

Question 36

What is a clear zone in an osteoclast?

Answer 36

An area with no organelles

Question 37

Endochondral VS intramembranous

Answer 37

Not directly from precursors a cartilage intermediate is used

Question 38

Which bones use endochondral?

Answer 38

Long bones

Question 39

Which bones use intramembranous?

Answer 39

Flat skull bones

Question 40

Describe intramembranous

Answer 40

``` Bone formed in membrane from precursors Periosteum Differentiation to osteoblasts Mineralisation and matri deposition Vascularisation ```

Question 41

What joins to make the bone plates in intramem?

Answer 41

Islands of bone

Question 42

Describe endo ossification

Answer 42

Chondroblasts form the perichondrium then it turns into the periosteum Capillaries invade Osteoclasts come in Primary oss centre Cortical and traberculae bone Secondary (epihyseal) oss centre (towards the end of the boen) Growth plate and epiphyseal cartilage

Question 43

Where does endo oss begin?

Answer 43

Bony collar

Question 44

What is 1 and 2 spingiosa?

Answer 44

Marrow space

Question 45

What type of collagen does the cartilage on mature bone have?

Answer 45

Type 2

Question 46

What type of collagen does bone have?

Answer 46

1

Question 47

Describe the epiphyseal growth plate from the top

Answer 47

Resting Proliferative Hypertrophic Ossifying

Question 48

What does the ossifying centre mean?

Answer 48

Calcified

Question 49

What happens in the proliferating zone?

Answer 49

Chondroblasts are organised into sacs as they are expanding

Question 50

In which type of ossification are the 2 growth plates found?

Answer 50

Endochondral in endochondral | Epiphyseal in intramembranous

Question 51

Describe the endochon growth plate

Answer 51

2 ossification centre Resting zone Proliferative zone Calcification zone

Question 52

Which chromatin is active?

Answer 52

Euchromatin

Question 53

What do precursors of hypertrophic chondrocytes turn into?

Answer 53

Chondrocytes

Question 54

What forms the 1 spongiosa?

Answer 54

Cartilage Woven bone which will be replaced with mature bone Calcified cartilage waiting to be bone

Question 55

What happens in the 1 spongiosa?

Answer 55

Cartilage turns to bone

Question 56

What does mature bone have that woven doesn't?

Answer 56

Sheets of collagen

Question 57

What is absent in secondary spongiosa?

Answer 57

Cartilage

Question 58

What happens from the growth plate down?

Answer 58

Primary sponge Secondary Bone marrow

Question 59

Appositional growth

Answer 59

New matrix on old matrix

Question 60

What uses appositional?

Answer 60

Bone and cartilage

Question 61

Interstitial growth

Answer 61

Matrix made in a matrix

Question 62

What uses interstitial?

Answer 62

Cartilage

Question 63

What % of cartilage and bone is organic?

Answer 63

25

Question 64

What makes up the inorganic part of bone?

Answer 64

Collagen 1 GAG Water

Question 65

What makes up the inorganic part of cartilage?

Answer 65

Collagen 2 | GAG

Question 66

Does cartilage have vessels?

Answer 66

No