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Year 1 Summative 1 > BMS10-1017 Blood Cells > Flashcards

BMS10-1017 Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What removes old RBC?

A

The spleen and liver

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2
Q

What is an erythrocyte called before it’s matured?

A

Normoblast- this then ejects its nucleus and becomes a reticulocyte until all the RNA and organelles are lost

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3
Q

What do platelets adhere to?

A

Fibrin filaments and damaged endothelial surfaces

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4
Q

Name the granules in platelets and what they contain

A

Dense granules which contain serotonin

Alpha granules which have clotting factor, platelet factor and platelet derived growth factor

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5
Q

How long do platelets live for?

A

8-10 days

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6
Q

Describe the nuclei of the megakaryocyte

A

Single, large and irregular

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7
Q

How do megakaryocytes form platelets?

A

Vesicles of ER fuse and eject them out

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8
Q

How are WBC classified?

A

Granulocytes with multi-lobed nuclei

Mononuclear leukocytes

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9
Q

Name the granulocytes and which have no visible granules

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils
Basophils

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10
Q

Who has myeloid precursors? What does this mean?

A

Granulocytes and monocytes

Bone marrow derived

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11
Q

Name the mononuclear leukocytes and are these granulated

A

They have a less granulated cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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12
Q

Who has lymphoid precursors and what does this mean?

A

Lymphoid

Originate in the bine marrow but mature in the thymus

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13
Q

What do neutrophil granules contain?

A

Antimicrobial agents, receptors and hydrolytic enzymes

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14
Q

How long do neutrophils live for?

A

They die after a single burst of activity

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15
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Have receptors for bacteria and make antibodies

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16
Q

What happens to phagosomes?

A

Fuse with the granules in the cell

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17
Q

What makes receptors become expressed on endothelial cells?

A

Cytokines

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18
Q

What attracts neutrophils?

A

Inflammation

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19
Q

Describe the nuclei of eosinophils

A

Bi lobed

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20
Q

What does eosinophils contain?

A

Collagenase, histaminase, lysosomes and cytotoxic proteins

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21
Q

What do eosinophils have a major role in? (2)

A

Destruction of parasites

Inflammatory responses by secreting cytokines

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22
Q

Which cells attract others to inflammation sites?

A

Mast cells

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23
Q

What activates mast cells and basophils?

A

Secondary granules and eosinophils

24
Q

Where do eosinophils enter?

A

GI tract or inflammation sites

25
Q

Other than parasites when do we see a large increase is eosinophil cells?

A

Allergies

26
Q

Describe the appearance of basophils

A

Bi lobed nuclei with lots of granules

27
Q

What do the granules in basophils contain?

A

Anti-coagulants and histamine

28
Q

What do basophils release?

A

Lipid mediators and cytokines

29
Q

Which cell is related to basophils?

A

Mast cells

30
Q

How do basophils respond to allergies?

A

Have receptors for antigens

31
Q

What causes degranulation in basophils and mast cells?

A

When the antibody joins with the antigen

32
Q

What do basophils and mast cells mainly do?

A

Respond to parasites

33
Q

Describe the shape of monocytes nuclei

A

Horseshoe

34
Q

What do monocytes become and when?

A

Macrophages when they enter the tissue

35
Q

Name the 4 functions of macrophages

A

Defence against microbes
Antigen presentation
Cytokine secretion
Refuse collection

36
Q

What are small lymphocytes?

A

B and T cells

37
Q

What do B lymphocytes do?

A

Have antigen receptors

Change in plasma cells and secrete antibodies

38
Q

What do T lymphocytes do?

A

Have receptors for antigens

Change in T helper or T killer

39
Q

What do T helpers do?

A

Express the CD4 marker (antigen presenting cell)

Secrete cytokines

40
Q

What do cytokines do?

A

Act as chemical messengers between immune cells

41
Q

What are large lymphocytes?

A

Plasma cells and natural killer cells (non-specific)

42
Q

Define haemopoiesis

A

Process by which blood cells are generated from precursor cells

43
Q

Where does haemopoeisis occur?

A

In the wall of the yolk sac (have nuclei)
Moves to liver (no nuclei)
Bone marrow (can go back to spleen/liver if need be)

44
Q

Where is the haemopoeitic compartment found?

A

Outside endothelium lining sinusoids

45
Q

Name something that stimulated RBC production

A

Erthyropoietin

46
Q

Whats the difference between haemopoietic GF and analogous GF?

A

H is for RBC

A is for other types of blood cells

47
Q

What factor do pluri stem cells need?

A

Stem cell

48
Q

What do early progenitor cells rely on>

A

Interleukins

49
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by proteins rather than dissolved salts

50
Q

What makes up plasma? (3)

A

Solution of salts
Nutrients
Plasma proteins

51
Q

What do albumins do?

A

Increase solubility of substances that aren’t soluble by binding to them e.g. FA

52
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

Precursor of fibrin

53
Q

What are globulins?

A

Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

54
Q

Why do megakaryocytes have lots of nuclei?

A

To support the large volume of cytoplasm which gets ejected as platelets

55
Q

How quickly do cells specialise?

A

When they aren’t committed very slowly, but when they are its very fast

Year 1 Summative 1 (56 decks)

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