BMS10-1017 Blood Cells

Question 1

What removes old RBC?

Answer 1

The spleen and liver

Question 2

What is an erythrocyte called before it’s matured?

Answer 2

Normoblast- this then ejects its nucleus and becomes a reticulocyte until all the RNA and organelles are lost

Question 3

What do platelets adhere to?

Answer 3

Fibrin filaments and damaged endothelial surfaces

Question 4

Name the granules in platelets and what they contain

Answer 4

Dense granules which contain serotonin

Alpha granules which have clotting factor, platelet factor and platelet derived growth factor

Question 5

How long do platelets live for?

Answer 5

8-10 days

Question 6

Describe the nuclei of the megakaryocyte

Answer 6

Single, large and irregular

Question 7

How do megakaryocytes form platelets?

Answer 7

Vesicles of ER fuse and eject them out

Question 8

How are WBC classified?

Answer 8

Granulocytes with multi-lobed nuclei

Mononuclear leukocytes

Question 9

Name the granulocytes and which have no visible granules

Answer 9

Neutrophils

Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 10

Who has myeloid precursors? What does this mean?

Answer 10

Granulocytes and monocytes

Bone marrow derived

Question 11

Name the mononuclear leukocytes and are these granulated

Answer 11

They have a less granulated cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Question 12

Who has lymphoid precursors and what does this mean?

Answer 12

Lymphoid

Originate in the bine marrow but mature in the thymus

Question 13

What do neutrophil granules contain?

Answer 13

Antimicrobial agents, receptors and hydrolytic enzymes

Question 14

How long do neutrophils live for?

Answer 14

They die after a single burst of activity

Question 15

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 15

Have receptors for bacteria and make antibodies

Question 16

What happens to phagosomes?

Answer 16

Fuse with the granules in the cell

Question 17

What makes receptors become expressed on endothelial cells?

Answer 17

Cytokines

Question 18

What attracts neutrophils?

Answer 18

Inflammation

Question 19

Describe the nuclei of eosinophils

Answer 19

Bi lobed

Question 20

What does eosinophils contain?

Answer 20

Collagenase, histaminase, lysosomes and cytotoxic proteins

Question 21

What do eosinophils have a major role in? (2)

Answer 21

Destruction of parasites

Inflammatory responses by secreting cytokines

Question 22

Which cells attract others to inflammation sites?

Answer 22

Mast cells

Question 23

What activates mast cells and basophils?

Answer 23

Secondary granules and eosinophils

Question 24

Where do eosinophils enter?

Answer 24

GI tract or inflammation sites

Question 25

Other than parasites when do we see a large increase is eosinophil cells?

Answer 25

Allergies

Question 26

Describe the appearance of basophils

Answer 26

Bi lobed nuclei with lots of granules

Question 27

What do the granules in basophils contain?

Answer 27

Anti-coagulants and histamine

Question 28

What do basophils release?

Answer 28

Lipid mediators and cytokines

Question 29

Which cell is related to basophils?

Answer 29

Mast cells

Question 30

How do basophils respond to allergies?

Answer 30

Have receptors for antigens

Question 31

What causes degranulation in basophils and mast cells?

Answer 31

When the antibody joins with the antigen

Question 32

What do basophils and mast cells mainly do?

Answer 32

Respond to parasites

Question 33

Describe the shape of monocytes nuclei

Answer 33

Horseshoe

Question 34

What do monocytes become and when?

Answer 34

Macrophages when they enter the tissue

Question 35

Name the 4 functions of macrophages

Answer 35

Defence against microbes Antigen presentation Cytokine secretion Refuse collection

Question 36

What are small lymphocytes?

Answer 36

B and T cells

Question 37

What do B lymphocytes do?

Answer 37

Have antigen receptors | Change in plasma cells and secrete antibodies

Question 38

What do T lymphocytes do?

Answer 38

Have receptors for antigens | Change in T helper or T killer

Question 39

What do T helpers do?

Answer 39

Express the CD4 marker (antigen presenting cell) | Secrete cytokines

Question 40

What do cytokines do?

Answer 40

Act as chemical messengers between immune cells

Question 41

What are large lymphocytes?

Answer 41

Plasma cells and natural killer cells (non-specific)

Question 42

Define haemopoiesis

Answer 42

Process by which blood cells are generated from precursor cells

Question 43

Where does haemopoeisis occur?

Answer 43

In the wall of the yolk sac (have nuclei) Moves to liver (no nuclei) Bone marrow (can go back to spleen/liver if need be)

Question 44

Where is the haemopoeitic compartment found?

Answer 44

Outside endothelium lining sinusoids

Question 45

Name something that stimulated RBC production

Answer 45

Erthyropoietin

Question 46

Whats the difference between haemopoietic GF and analogous GF?

Answer 46

H is for RBC | A is for other types of blood cells

Question 47

What factor do pluri stem cells need?

Answer 47

Stem cell

Question 48

What do early progenitor cells rely on>

Answer 48

Interleukins

Question 49

What is colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 49

Pressure exerted by proteins rather than dissolved salts

Question 50

What makes up plasma? (3)

Answer 50

Solution of salts Nutrients Plasma proteins

Question 51

What do albumins do?

Answer 51

Increase solubility of substances that aren't soluble by binding to them e.g. FA

Question 52

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 52

Precursor of fibrin

Question 53

What are globulins?

Answer 53

Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Question 54

Why do megakaryocytes have lots of nuclei?

Answer 54

To support the large volume of cytoplasm which gets ejected as platelets

Question 55

How quickly do cells specialise?

Answer 55

When they aren't committed very slowly, but when they are its very fast