BMS09-1016 Bone Growth Flashcards
During endochondral ossification name the 3 sections of the bone
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Nuclei of osteoclasts
Multinucleated
Bone loss
Osteoporosis
Bone formation
Osteopetrosis
4 forces bones are exposed to
Compression
Tension (pulling apart)
Torsion (twisting)
Shear (tearing across)
Mass and turnover of trabecular bone
M 20
T 80
Mass and turnover of cortical bone
M 80
T 20
What’s the final stage of bone growth?
Mineralisation and lining cells are left- quiescence
After osteoclasts eat what happens to them?
Apoptosis
What is the reversal line?
Where the new bone joins the old bone
Does epiphyseal plate ever change size?
No
Which part of the bone is bone added to?
Metaphysis
What 4 factors regulate bone remodelling?
Systemic hormones
Growth factors
Local factors
Nuclear transcription factors
Name 2 systemic hormones
Estrogen
Parathyroid hormone
Name 2 growth factors
Bone morphogenetic proteins
Haematopoietic cytokines
What are growth factors also known as?
Cytokines
Name a local factor
Prostaglandins
What is mechanical loading?
Stress put on the bone
Billards hands
Snooker player hands
Wolffs law
Mechanical stress determines the shape of the bone, it can adapt its mass and structure based on how much stress it has
Which cells are the mechanosesnors of bone?
Osteocytes
What are examples of dental mechanical forces?
Moving teeth
Osteoporosis
Bone strength is weakened and more likely to fracture
Lots of cartilage as the cells aren’t eating it away
Pagets disease
Bone breakdown is faster than making it
What does breast cancer cause?
Resorption
Chondrodysplasia
Dwarfism- shortens bones due to malformed cartilage at the growth plate
Which 3 things use calcium?
Bone
Kidney
Gut
What is quincence?
Nothing happening
What are osteocytes inside of?
Osteoid
What do osteoids do?
Make minerals which form new matrix
When bending bone which part of it hurts the most?
The middle
