BMS09-1016 Bone Growth

Question 1

During endochondral ossification name the 3 sections of the bone

Answer 1

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

Question 2

Nuclei of osteoclasts

Answer 2

Multinucleated

Question 3

Bone loss

Answer 3

Osteoporosis

Question 4

Bone formation

Answer 4

Osteopetrosis

Question 5

4 forces bones are exposed to

Answer 5

Compression
Tension (pulling apart)
Torsion (twisting)
Shear (tearing across)

Question 6

Mass and turnover of trabecular bone

Answer 6

M 20

T 80

Question 7

Mass and turnover of cortical bone

Answer 7

M 80

T 20

Question 8

What’s the final stage of bone growth?

Answer 8

Mineralisation and lining cells are left- quiescence

Question 9

After osteoclasts eat what happens to them?

Answer 9

Apoptosis

Question 10

What is the reversal line?

Answer 10

Where the new bone joins the old bone

Question 11

Does epiphyseal plate ever change size?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Which part of the bone is bone added to?

Answer 12

Metaphysis

Question 13

What 4 factors regulate bone remodelling?

Answer 13

Systemic hormones
Growth factors
Local factors
Nuclear transcription factors

Question 14

Name 2 systemic hormones

Answer 14

Estrogen

Parathyroid hormone

Question 15

Name 2 growth factors

Answer 15

Bone morphogenetic proteins

Haematopoietic cytokines

Question 16

What are growth factors also known as?

Answer 16

Cytokines

Question 17

Name a local factor

Answer 17

Prostaglandins

Question 18

What is mechanical loading?

Answer 18

Stress put on the bone

Question 19

Billards hands

Answer 19

Snooker player hands

Question 20

Wolffs law

Answer 20

Mechanical stress determines the shape of the bone, it can adapt its mass and structure based on how much stress it has

Question 21

Which cells are the mechanosesnors of bone?

Answer 21

Osteocytes

Question 22

What are examples of dental mechanical forces?

Answer 22

Moving teeth

Question 23

Osteoporosis

Answer 23

Bone strength is weakened and more likely to fracture

Lots of cartilage as the cells aren’t eating it away

Question 24

Pagets disease

Answer 24

Bone breakdown is faster than making it

Question 25

What does breast cancer cause?

Answer 25

Resorption

Question 26

Chondrodysplasia

Answer 26

Dwarfism- shortens bones due to malformed cartilage at the growth plate

Question 27

Which 3 things use calcium?

Answer 27

Bone
Kidney
Gut

Question 28

What is quincence?

Answer 28

Nothing happening

Question 29

What are osteocytes inside of?

Answer 29

Osteoid

Question 30

What do osteoids do?

Answer 30

Make minerals which form new matrix

Question 31

When bending bone which part of it hurts the most?

Answer 31

The middle