BMS03-1023 Pharmacology of Cholinergic Transmission

Question 1

How does the PNS reach the salivary glands?

Answer 1

Axon
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptor
Axon
Acetylcholine
Muscurinic receptor

Question 2

How does the SNS reach the adrenal medulla?

Answer 2

Axon
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptor

Question 3

How does the SNS reach the sweat glands?

Answer 3

Axon
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptors
Axon
Acetylcholine
Muscurinic receptors

Question 4

How does the SNS reach the blood vessels?

Answer 4

Axon
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptor
Axon
Noradrenaline

Question 5

How does the somatic efferent system reach the muscles?

Answer 5

Axon
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptor

Question 6

What do pre-synaptic drugs affect?

Answer 6

Synthesis
Storage
Release

Question 7

What do post-synaptic drugs affect?

Answer 7

Receptors

Removal mechanisms

Question 8

What is cholinergic transmission?

Answer 8

Involves acetylcholine activating a nicotinic and muscarinic receptor

Question 9

What forms ACh?

Answer 9

Choline and acetylcoenzyme A using the choline acetyl transferase enzyme

Question 10

Hemicholiniums

Answer 10

Block entrance of choline so ACh cant be made

Question 11

How does ACh affect nicotinic receptors?

Answer 11

Binds both the alpha sub units which opens the channel and depolarises membrane

Question 12

What moves through nicotinic receptors?

Answer 12

Non selective for positive ions, mainly Na and K

Question 13

Do all nicotinic receptors have the same structure?

Answer 13

No, muscles and ganglionic receptors differ meaning drugs can be more selective

Question 14

What are the units of the muscle ones?

Answer 14

2 alpha
Beta
Omega
E

Question 15

What are the units of the ganglionic ones?

Answer 15

2 alpha

3 beta

Question 16

Are the drugs acting on nicotinic receptor agonists or antagonists?

Answer 16

Agonists

Question 17

Describe a muscle relaxant

Answer 17

These are reversible competitive antagonists at the nicotinic receptor, they have affinity but no efficacy so the receptor cant be activated

Question 18

Name drugs which act as nicotinic ganglion blockers and what disease they combat

Answer 18

Reduce blood pressure and bleeding
Trimetaphan
Hexamethonium

Question 19

How does botox work?

Answer 19

Kills protein involved in exocytosis so ACh cant be released

Question 20

What can botox treat?

Answer 20

Over active bladder
Headache
Spasticity

Question 21

What are he 3 main subtypes of muscarinic receptors?

Answer 21

M1, 2 and 3

Question 22

What do muscarinic agonists mimic the effects of? Give 2 examples

Answer 22

PSN
Pilocarpine (eye drops for glaucoma)
Bethanacol (stop urine retention)

Question 23

What does pilocarpine do to treat glaucoma?

Answer 23

Constrict pupil and contract ciliary muscle so the lens is more sphere improving near vision

Question 24

Name some muscarinic receptor antagonists and how they work

Answer 24

Atropine treats bradycardia
Tiotropium treats asthma
Tropicamide dilates pupils

Question 25

Name 2 drugs inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and where they do this and what this causes

Answer 25

Neostigmine
Edrophonium

Autonomic ganglia

Bradycardia
Increase secretions
Increase GI activity

Question 26

What can neostigmine reverse the effects of?

Answer 26

Competitive antagonists (muscle relaxants)

Question 27

How do they treat myasthenia gravis?

Answer 27

Increase ACh as an auto immune disease means antibodies bind the nicotinic receptors