Urine Output - Gary's copy A&P II - Lab ex 8 Flashcards
Polyuria
Excessive Urination Volume. Polyuria is an excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine (greater than 2.5 or 3 L over 24 hours in adults). Frequent urination is usually an accompanying symptom.
Excessive Urination Volume (Polyuria)
Medical causes Other causes Seeking help Diabetes Symptom relief Outlook
What is excessive urination volume?
Excessive urination volume (or polyuria) occurs when you urinate more than normal. Urine volume is considered excessive if it equals more than 2.5 liters per day.
A “normal” urine volume depends on your age and gender. However, less than 2 liters per day is usually considered normal.
Excreting excessive volumes of urine is a common condition but should not last more than several days. Many people notice the symptom at night. In this case, it is called nocturnal polyuria (or nocturia).
Excessive Urination Volume (Polyuria)
Medical causes Other causes Seeking help Diabetes Symptom relief Outlook
What is excessive urination volume?
Excessive urination volume (or polyuria) occurs when you urinate more than normal. Urine volume is considered excessive if it equals more than 2.5 liters per day.
A “normal” urine volume depends on your age and gender. However, less than 2 liters per day is usually considered normal.
Excreting excessive volumes of urine is a common condition but should not last more than several days. Many people notice the symptom at night. In this case, it is called nocturnal polyuria (or nocturia).
Medical causes
Medical causes of excessive urination volume
Excessive urine output can sometimes signal health problems, including:
bladder infection (common in children and women)
urinary incontinence
diabetes
interstitial nephritis
kidney failure
kidney stones
psychogenic polydipsia, a mental disorder causing excessive thirst
sickle cell anemia
enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (most common in men over 50 years old)
certain kinds of cancer
You may also notice polyuria after a CT scan or any other hospital test in which a dye is injected into your body. Excessive urine volume is common the day after the test. Call your doctor if the problem continues.
Oliguria
Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL daily in adults. It is one of the clinical hallmarks of renal failure and has been used as a criterion for diagnosing and staging acute kidney injury (AKI), previously referred to as acute renal failure. At onset, oliguria is frequently acute. It is often the earliest sign of impaired renal function and poses a diagnostic and management challenge to the clinician. (See Presentation and Workup.) [1, 2]
A standardized definition of AKI has recently been proposed by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI working group, which identifies and stages AKI based on changes in serum creatinine from baseline or a decrease in urine output (oliguria) as shown below. [3]
Anuria
Anuria, sometimes called anuresis, is nonpassage of urine,[1] in practice is defined as passage of less than 100[2] milliliters of urine in a day.[3] Anuria is often caused by failure in the function of kidneys. It may also occur because of some severe obstruction like kidney stones or tumours. It may occur with end stage renal disease. It is a more extreme reduction than oliguria (hypouresis), with 400 mL/day being the conventional (albeit slightly arbitrary) cutoff point between the two.
