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Study Decks > Key Terms-A&P || Lab ex 1 > Flashcards

Key Terms-A&P || Lab ex 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

It is a part of your brain which stretches from the cerebral longitudinal fissures to the area close to the lateral sulcus of Sylvia’s fissure.

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2
Q

What is the function of the central sulcus?

A

It separates the convulsions on the surface of the brain.

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3
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

is the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain.

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4
Q

What is the other term for precentral gyrus?

A

“Primary motor area” or most commonly, the “motor strip”.

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5
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

It controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

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6
Q

Describe the precentral gyrus.

A

The precentral gyrus is a vertically oriented, cerebral convolution located immediately anterior to, and running parallel with, the central sulcus.

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7
Q

What is the parietal/occipital sulcus?

A

It is a deep furrow, anterior to the cuneus, that separates the occipital and the parietal lobes.

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8
Q

What is the other term for parietal/occipital sulcus?

A

Parietooccipital fissure.

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9
Q

What is the post central sulcus?

A

It divides the postcentral gyrus from the remainder of the parietal lobe.

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10
Q

Describe the location of the post central sulcus.

A

It lies parallel to, and behind, the central sulcus in the human brain.

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11
Q

What is the occipital lobe?

A

It is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain.

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12
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

It is the seat of most of the brain’s visual cortex, allowing you not only to see and process stimuli from the external world but also to assign meaning to and remember visual perceptions.

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13
Q

Where is the occipital lobe located?

A

It is located just under the parietal lobe and above the temporal lobe, the occipital lobe is the brain’s smallest lobe.

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14
Q

What is the insula?

A

It is a small region of the cerebral cortex.

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15
Q

Where is the insula located?

A

It is located deep within the lateral sulcus.

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16
Q

What is the function of the insula?

A

It is involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body’s homeostasis.

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17
Q

Give 6 examples of insula functions?

A
  1. Compassion and empathy
  2. Perception
  3. Motor control
  4. Self-awareness
  5. Cognitive functioning
  6. Interpersonal experience.
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18
Q

What is the posterior cranail fossa?

A

It is part of the cranial cavity that contains the brainstem and cerebellum.

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19
Q

Where is the posterior cranail fossa located?

A

It is located between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli.

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20
Q

What is the vermis?

A

It is an unpaired medial structure which separates the cerebellar hemispheres.

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21
Q

What is the function of the vermis?

A

It is associated with bodily posture and locomotion.

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22
Q

Where is the vermis located?

A

It is located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum, which resides in the posterior fossa of the cranium

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23
Q

What is the folia?

A

It is a wrinkle (gyrus) on the surface of the cerebellum.

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24
Q

What are the 3 layers of cells in the cortex of the folium?

A
  1. Top molecular layer
  2. Turkinje layer
  3. Bottom granular layer
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25
Q

What is the purpose of the layers in the cortex of the folium?

A

It covers deeper white matter (interconnecting fibers).

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26
Q

What is the arbor vitae?

A

It is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance.

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27
Q

What is the purpose of the arbor vitae?

A

It brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum.

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28
Q

Where is the arbor vitae located?

A

It is located deep in the cerebellum.

29
Q

What is the diencephelon?

A

It is one of the main vesicles of the brain formed during embryogenesis.

30
Q

What are the 4 structures of the diencephelon?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Typothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
  4. Subthalamus
31
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

It is a small structure within the brain.

32
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

It is located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain and has extensive nerve connections to both.

33
Q

What is the main function of the thalamus?

A

It is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.

34
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

It is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

35
Q

What is the Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)?

A

It contains sensory nerve fibers relating to smell.

36
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

The afferent nerve fibers of the olfactory receptor neurons, transmit nerve impulses about odors to the central nervous system, where they are perceived by the sense of smell (olfaction).

37
Q

What is the Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)?

A

It is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

38
Q

What is the Occulomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)?

A

It is the third cranial nerve that contains fibers that innervate the muscles that enable pupillary constriction and accommodation (ability to focus on near objects as in reading).

39
Q

What is the function of the Occulomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)?

A

It enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure and innervates muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid.

40
Q

What is the Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)?

A

It is a motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) that innervates only a single muscle.

41
Q

Describe the Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV).

A
  • It is the smallest nerve in terms of the number of axons it contains
  • It has the greatest intracranial length
  • It is the only cranial nerve that exits from the dorsal (rear) aspect of the brainstem.
42
Q

What is the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)?

A

It is the fifth cranial nerve located within the brain. It is primarily responsible for transmitting sensations from the face to the brain.

43
Q

What is the function of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)?

A

Responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.

44
Q

What are the 3 branches of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)?

A
  1. Ophthalmic
  2. Maxillary
  3. Mandibular
45
Q

What is the Opthalmic Branch?

A

It is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve.

46
Q

What is the function of the opthalmic branch?

A

It carries sensory information from the face/scalp and sympathetic fibers for pupil dilation in the long ciliary branch of the nasociliary nerve.

47
Q

What is the Maxillary Branch?

A

It is the second branch of the trigeminal nerve, which originates embryologically from the first pharyngeal arch.

48
Q

What is the function of the maxillary branch?

A

Its primary function is sensory supply to the mid third of the face.

49
Q

What is the Mandibular Branch?

A

It is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve (CN V), a terminal branch of the trigeminal nerve (along with the maxillary and ophthalmic nerves).

50
Q

What is the Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)?

A

It is a nerve that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in humans, responsible for outward gaze.

51
Q

What is the function of the Abducens Nerve?

A

It leaves the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla, medial to the facial nerve then it runs upwards and forwards form this position to reach the eye.

52
Q

What is the Facial Nerve (VII)?

A

It is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply cranial nerve VII.

53
Q

What is the function of the Facial Nerve (VII)?

A

It controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity.

54
Q

What is the Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)?

A

It transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.

55
Q

What are the two bipolars neurons of the vestibulochlear nerve?

A
  1. Cochlear nerve

2. Vestibular nerve.

56
Q

What is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)?

A

It is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information.

57
Q

What is the Vagus Nerve (X)?

A

It is the 10th cranial nerve, longest and most complex of the cranial nerves.

58
Q

Where is the Vagus Nerve (X) located ?

A

It runs from the brain through the face and thorax to the abdomen.

59
Q

What is the Accessory Nerve (XI)?

A

It is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

60
Q

What are the 2 parts of the accessory nerve (XI)?

A
  1. Cranial part

2. Spinal part.

61
Q

What is the Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)?

A

It is the twelfth cranial nerve, and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

62
Q

What is the General Anatomy?

A

It is study of the structure and composition of the body as well as of its tissues and fluids.

63
Q

What is the Cranium?

A

It is the top portion of the skull, which protects the brain.

64
Q

What are the 6 cranium bones?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
  5. Sphenoid
  6. Ethmoid bones.
65
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
66
Q

What is the Dura Mater?

A

It is a thick membrane that is the outermost of the three layers of the meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord.

67
Q

What is the Arachnoid Mater?

A

It is the middle of three layers that make up the meninges, or membranes, that surround the spinal cord and brain it is the outermost layer of the meninges.

68
Q

What is the Pia Mater?

A

It is the innermost layer of the meninges and attaches directly to the brain and spinal cord.

69
Q

Describe the Pia Mater?

A

It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid.

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