Brain (A&P Lab 1) Flashcards
1,300 - 1,400 grams
How many grams does the average adult brain weigh?
3 pounds
How many pounds does the average adult brain weigh?
Male
Which brain is slightly larger, the male or female?
No
Does a larger brain equal more intelligence?
The rostral part
What is the front part of the brain referred to as?
The forehead
The rostral part of the brain is also known as what?
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
What are the three main divisions of the human brain?
the cerebrum
What is the largest part of the brain?
83%
What percentage of the brain is the cerebrum?
left and right cerebral hemispheres
What parts make up the cerebrum?
Gyri
What are the folds of tissue called?
sulci
What are the shallow grooves that separate the gyri called?
have a larger surface area
what do the gyri allow the brain to do?
longitudinal fissue
what are the right and left hemispheres separated longitudinally down the middle by?
the corpus callosum
internally, the brain is joined by a thick bundle of nerves called what?
five
how many anatomically and functionally distinct lobes does the cerebrum have?
frontal parietal temporal occipital insula
what are the five lobes of the cerebrum?
pre-central gyrus
What is the very specific gyrus in the frontal lobe called?
the primary motor area of the brain
what is the precentral gyrus described as?
motor planning
voluntary mobility
memory
mood (emotions, aggression, and judgement)
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
top part of the brain
where is the parietal lobe?
primary sensory cortex
what is the primary function of the parietal lobe?
receiving and interpreting information regarding the general senses
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
back of the brain
where is the occipital lobe?
left and right of the brain
where is the temporal lobe?
hearing
smell
visual recognition
plays a role in learning and memory
what four things are the temporal lobe responsible for?
insula
what is the fifth lobe?
i6
what is the insula responsible for?
the cerebellum
what is the second largest region of the brain?
10%
in terms of size, what percentage of the total brain is the size of the cerebellum
over 50%
what percentage of the total neurons in the brain are in the cerebellum?
motor coordination
spatial perception
proprioceptive feedback from the muscles
organizational skills and management
what are four things the cerebellum is responsible for?
the thalamus
what structure in the brain is a sensory relay structure?
hypothalamus
what structure in the brain helps to control the pituitary gland?
the master gland of the body
what is another term the pituitary gland is referred to as?
the mid-brain
what part of the brain has no known function
cerebrum to the cerebellum
the pons is a relay center that transmits signals from what area to what area of the brain?
the spinal cord
the medulla obleongata connects the brain to what?
regulates heart rate
regulates blood pressure
regulates breathing
what does the medulla oblongata do?
11
Of 12 cranial nerves, how many of them originate or terminate in the brain stem?
cranial nerve #1 - olfactory nerve
what is the one cranial nerve that does not originate in the brain stem?
sense of smell
what is the the olfactory nerve responsible for?
optic nerve
what is cranial nerve #2?
optic chiasm
the optic nerves are going to cross at something called the
sense of vision
what is the optic nerve responsible for?
oculomotor nerve
what is cranial nerve #3?
the pons
what part of the brain does the oculomotor nerve connect to?
eye movement
closing eyelids
pupillary constriction
what is the oculomotor nerve responsible for?
drooping eyelid
eye resting laterally
what are two effects that can take place as a result of a damaged oculomotor nerve?
trochlear nerve
what is cranial nerve #4?
some eye movements
medial rotation of the eye
what is the trochlear nerve responsible for?
eye resting laterally
double vision
what are two things that could result from damage to the trochlear nerve?
trigeminal nerve
trigeminal nerve
it is the largest cranial nerve
name something notable about the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic branch
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
what are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve called?
v1 and v2
opthalmic branch and maxillary branch
Which branches of the trigeminal nerve are the sensory branches?
detecting pressure
detect temperature and pain
what types of things are these sensory branches going to do?
the motor branch
what is the mandibular branch referred to as?
ability to cheew (mastication)
what does v3 (mandibular branch) control?
loss of sensation
difficulty detecting those sensations like temperature and pain
affect ability to chew
what would result from damage to the trigeminal nerve?
abducens
what is cranial nerve number six?
lateral eye movement (turning the eye out)
what is the abducens responsible for?
the eye resting medially (turned inward)
what will damage to the abducens result in?
facial nerve
what is cranial nerve number seven?
both
is the facial nerve sensory, motor, or both?
smiling laughing crying pouting swallowing salivation
what is the motor component of the facial nerve responsible for?
taste
what does the sensory component of the facial nerve deal with?
Bell’s palsy
what ailment is the facial nerve involved in?
facial droop
lose control or muscle tone of the facial muscles
drooling
What effects does Bell’s palsy have?
vestibular cochlear nerve
what is cranial nerve number 8?
hearing and balance
what is the vestibular cochlear nerve responsible for?
no
is nerve deafness correctable?
glossopharyngeal nerve
what is cranial nerve number 9?
both
is the glossopharyngeal nerve responsible for sensory, motor or both?
touch and pressure
what responsibilities is the glossopharyngeal nerve responsible for?
gag reflex
what motor functions does the glossopharyngeal nerve have?
we would lose our ability to taste bitter and sour tasting objects
what would happen if the glossopharyngeal nerve were damaged?
vagus nerve
what is cranial nerve number 10?
it has the widest distribution of nerve fibers
it will reach the largest number of systems
what is notable about the vagus nerve?
a feeling of hunger or sense of fullness gastrointestinal discomfort control our ability to swallow control our ability to speak deceleration of our heart rate bronchoconstrictionq
list things that the vagus nerve is responsible for
it would be fatal
what would happen if both vagus nerves were damaged?
accessory nerve
what is cranial nerve #11?
swallowing
shrugging our shoulders
a little bit or head and neck movement
what is the accessory nerve responsible for?
hypoglossal nerve
what is cranial nerve #12
our tongue movements
swallowing
manipulate food in our mouths
what is the hypoglossal nerve responsible for?
impaired speech
impaired ability to swallow
if we damage it, what will be the affect?
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
what are the three layers of the meninges?
the brain
what organ gets top priority over any other organ for blood, oxygen and nutrient supply?
15%
what percentage of blood supply will the brain get?
20%
what percentage of oxygen and glucose will the brain get?
10 seconds
how many seconds without blood flow before the brain loses consciousness?
impaired neural activity
what happens to the brain after 1-2 minutes without blood flow
irreversible brain damage
what happens to the brain after 4 minutes or longer of blood loss or stop of blood flow?
