Kaplan Prep - Digestive (Mouth, Teeth, Esophagus)

Question 1

What structures respectively form these parts of the mouth?

Answer 1

a. Opening Lips b. Floor Tongue c. Walls Cheeks d. Roof Hard and Soft Palates

Question 2

List the two bones and the membrane to which the tongue is attached.

Answer 2

*Hyoid Bone *Mandible *Lingual frenulum

Question 3

How many teeth are there in an adult human?

Answer 3

32 teeth

Question 4

What do a teeth of an adult human do?

Answer 4

• Bite * Tear * Grind * Crush

Question 5

What are the four types of teeth?

Answer 5

• Incisors * Canines * Premolars * Molars

Question 6

How many incisors does an adult human have?

Answer 6

8

Question 7

How many canines does an adult human have?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

How many premolars does an adult human have?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

How many molars does an adult human have?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

What do incisors do?

Answer 10

The incisors are for biting

Question 11

What do canines do?

Answer 11

Canines are for tearing

Question 12

What do premolars do?

Answer 12

The premolars are for grinding

Question 13

What do molars do?

Answer 13

The molars are for crushing.

Question 14

What is the specific function of the salivary gland in the process of digestion?

Answer 14

Salivary glands contain amylase which begins the process of breaking down starches.

Question 15

Where are taste buds located?

Answer 15

• Mostly on the tongue * On the surface of mouth * The wall of the pharynx

Question 16

What is the step by step function of the tongue in the digestive process?

Answer 16

It grips food->moves it around into proper position to be masticated by the teeth->forming a bolus and once chewed->it pushes the bolus back into the pharynx so to begin the process of swallowing.

Question 17

What is a bolus?

Answer 17

A chewed blob of food mixed with saliva.

Question 18

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx.

Answer 18

• Nasopharynx * Oropharynx * Laryngopharynx

Question 19

What sections of the pharynx does air travel?

Answer 19

• Naso * Oro * Laryngo

Question 20

What section of the pharynx does food travel?

Answer 20

Oro

Question 21

What prevents food from entering the lungs?

Answer 21

The epiglottis is a flap that covers the glottis as you swallow.

Question 22

Why is the epiglottis necessary?

Answer 22

It is necessary because other than the cough reflex, you have no way of getting food or other particles out of your lungs, and that is a serious matter that would cause great harm.

Question 23

What is the step by step passage of food through the pharynx?

Answer 23

• Food goes from mouth to oropharynx * Then guided by the closing of the epiglottis to go down the esophagus. * The pharynx outer layer and an inner longitudinal layer contracts alternatively causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.

Question 24

What are the two types of skeletal muscles that pharynx has?

Answer 24

• Outer layer * Inner longitudinal layer

Question 25

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 25

They contract alternatively causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.

Question 26

What are the four tissue layers of the esophagus?

Answer 26

Musosa, Sub-mucosa, Muscularis externa, Serosa

Question 27

What is the Musosa?

Answer 27

It is a tissue layer of the esophagus that secretes mucus into the interior of the GI tract

Question 28

What is the Sub-Mucosa?

Answer 28

It is a tissue layer of the esophagus that contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, mucus glands.

Question 29

What is the muscularis externa?

Answer 29

It is two layers of muscle - the outer longitudinal fibers and the inner circumferential fibers

Question 30

What is the serosa?

Answer 30

It is the one who makes serous fluid.

Question 31

What is peristalsis?

Answer 31

It is a function enacted by the timed contraction and relaxing of muscles in a wavelike manner that results in the food moving down the GI tract toward the anus.