CHAPTER 3 GUIDE - terms Flashcards

1
Q

Inoculation

A

The implantation of microorganisms into or upon culture media.

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2
Q

Incubation

A

To isolate a sample culture in a temperature-controlled environment to encourage growth.

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3
Q

Isolation

A

The separation of microbial cells by serial dilution or mechanical dispersion on solid media to create discrete colonies.

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4
Q

Pure culture

A

A container growing a single species of microbe whose identity is known.

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5
Q

Microscopy

A

Science that studies structure, magnification, lenses, and techniques related to use of a microscope.

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6
Q

Magnification

A

The ability to make objects appear enlarged.

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7
Q

Resolution

A

The capacity of a microscope lens system to accurately distinguish between two separate entities that lie close to each other

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8
Q

Condenser

A

A special lens that converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point on the object.

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9
Q

Numerical aperture (NA)

A

In Microscopy, a measure of the light passing from the object and into the objective to maximize optical clarity and resolution.

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10
Q

Wet mount

A

It consists of a drop or two of the culture placed on a slide and overlaid with a cover glass.

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11
Q

Positive stain

A

Technique in which dye affixes to a specimen and imparts color to it. It takes advantage of the ready binding of bacterial cells to dyes.

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12
Q

Negative stain

A

A staining technique that renders the background opaque or colored and leaves the object unstained so that it is outlined as a colorless area.

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13
Q

Simple stain

A

Type of positive staining technique that uses a single dye to add color to cells so that they are easier to see. This technique tends to color all cells the same color.

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14
Q

Differential stain

A

A technique that utilizes two dyes to distinguish between different microbial groups or cell parts by color reaction.

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15
Q

Hans Christian Gram

A

He discovered a staining technique that could be used to make bacteria in infectious specimens more visible.

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16
Q

Gram-positive

A

A color reaction of the cells which stained purple.

17
Q

Gram-negative

A

A color reaction of the cells which stained red.

18
Q

Acid-fast stain

A

It is another commonly used differential stain. This stain originated as a specific method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in specimens

19
Q

capsule stain

A

It is a method of observing the microbial capsule, an unstructured protective layer surrounding the cells of some bacteria and fungi.

20
Q

Culture

A

The visible accumulation of microorganisms in or on a nutrient medium. Also, the propagation of microorganisms with various media.

21
Q

Subculture

A

To make a second-generation culture from a well-established colony of organisms.

22
Q

Medium/media

A

A nutrient used to grow organisms outside of their natural habitats.

23
Q

Colony

A

A growth of bacteria cell on a surface.

24
Q

Morphology

A

The study of organismic structure.

25
Q

Streak plate

A

Cells are spread over separate areas on the surface so that they can form individual colonies.

26
Q

Spread plate

A

A small volume of liquid from the diluted sample is pipetted onto the surface of the medium and spread around evenly by a Sterile spreading tool.

27
Q

Serial dilution

A

Mechanical dispersion on solid media to create discrete colonies.

28
Q

General media

A

They are designed to grow a broad spectrum of microbes that do not have special growth requirements.

29
Q

Selective media

A

It contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of a certain microbe or microbes.

30
Q

Differential media

A

A single substrate that discriminates between groups of microorganisms on the basis of differences in their appearance due to different chemical reactions.

31
Q

Enrichment media

A

A nutrient medium supplemented with blood, serum, or some growth factor to promote the multiplication of fastidious microorganisms.

32
Q

Growth factors

A

An organic compound such as a vitamin or amino acid that must be provided in the diet to facilitate growth. An essential nutrient.

33
Q

Fastidious

A

An organism that will only grow when specific nutrients are included in its diet that are included in its culture.