Kaplan Prep - Respiratory system Flashcards
Ultimately gas exchange occurs where?
Pulmonary alveoli
How many lobes are in the LEFT lung?
The left lung has two lobes
How many lobes are in the RIGHT lung?
The Right lung has three lobes
What muscle is largely responsible for providing movement for respiration?
diaphragm
Boyle’s law states what?
The pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
(i. e. more pressure in a smaller volume or less pressure in a greater volume.)
It assumes the temperature is constant
Name two functions of the pleura.
Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall.
Enclose the lungs/pleural cavity
What cell is most abundant within the alveoli?
Macrophage
What are the two functions of the Type 2 alveolar cell?
Produce surfactant
and
replace damaged Type I cells
Which laryngeal cartilage is known as the Adam’s apple?
thyroid cartilage
What is the major histology type in the respiratory system?
ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
What is pulmonary edema?
An abnormal build up of fluid within the lung tissue
What are the three parts of the pharynx
the nasopharynx, the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
What is the location of the nasopharynx?
the upper part of the throat behind the nose
What is the location of the oropharynx?
lies behind the oral cavity, extending from the uvula to the level of the hyoid bone
What is the location of the laryngopharynx?
is where both food and air pass. It can be found between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide food and air where to go
What affect does emphysema have on ventilation?
reduction
What is cystic fibriosis?
A serious genetic disease of excretory glands, affecting lungs and other organs; it causes production of very thick mucus that interferes with normal digestion and breathing.
What is surfactant excreted by?
The Type 2 cells of the alveoli
Why is surfactant important?
It reduces the surface tension of pulmonary fluids and contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissue. Without surfactant, the lungs could not inflate properly.
How many mmHg is the pressure of 1 atm?
760
There are three gases in a tank. The partial pressure of the first is 120 mmHg, the pressure of the second is 320 mmHg. What is the partial pressure of the third at 1 atm?
120 mmHg + 320 mmHg = 440 mmHg. 760 mmHg - 440 mmHg =320 mm Hg. The answer is 320 mm Hg. Remember that 1 atm equals 760 mm Hg.
